Browsing by Author "Guo, Y."
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Common risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among older adults in china, ghana, mexico, india, russia and south africa: The study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1(BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Wu, F.; Guo, Y.; Chatterji, S.; Zheng, Y.; Naidoo, N.; Jiang, Y.; Biritwum, R.; Yawson, A.; Minicuci, N.; Salinas-Rodriguez, A.; Manrique-Espinoza, B.; Maximova, T.; Peltzer, K.Background: Behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and the harmful use of alcohol are known and modifiable contributors to a number of NCDs and health mediators. The purpose of this paper is to describe the distribution of main risk factors for NCDs by socioeconomic status (SES) among adults aged 50 years and older within a country and compare these risk factors across six lower- And upper-middle income countries. Methods: The study population in this paper draw from SAGE Wave 1 and consisted of adults aged 50-plus from China (N=13,157), Ghana (N=4,305), India (N=6,560), Mexico (N=2,318), the Russian Federation (N=3,938) and South Africa (N=3,836). Seven main common risk factors for NCDs were identified: daily tobacco use, frequent heavy drinking, low level physical activity, insufficient vegetable and fruit intake, high risk waist-hip ratio, obesity and hypertension. Multiple risk factors were also calculated by summing all these risk factors. Results: The prevalence of daily tobacco use ranged from 7.7% (Ghana) to 46.9% (India), frequent heavy drinker was the highest in China (6.3%) and lowest in India (0.2%), and the highest prevalence of low physical activity was in South Africa (59.7%). The highest prevalence of respondents with high waist-to-hip ratio risk was 84.5% in Mexico, and the prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranging from 33% (India) to 78% (South Africa). Obesity was more common in South Africa, the Russia Federation and Mexico (45.2%, 36% and 28.6%, respectively) compared with China, India and Ghana (15.3%, 9.7% and 6.4%, respectively). China, Ghana and India had a higher prevalence of respondents with multiple risk factors than Mexico, the Russia Federation and South Africa. The occurrence of three and four risk factors was more prevalent in Mexico, the Russia Federation and South Africa. Conclusion: There were substantial variations across countries and settings, even between upper-middle income countries and lower-middle income countries. The baseline information on the magnitude of the problem of risk factors provided by this study can help countries and health policymakers to set up interventions addressing the global non-communicable disease epidemic.Item Exposure to Air Pollution and Tobacco Smoking and Their Combined Effects on Depression in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries(British Journal of Psychiatry, 2017-07) Lin, H.; Guo, Y.; Kowal, P.; Airhihenbuwa, C.O.; Di, Q.; Zheng, Y.; Zhao, X.; Vaughn, M.G.; Howard, S.; Schootman, M.; Salinas-Rodriguez, A.; Yawson, A.E.; Arokiasamy, P.; Manrique-Espinoza, B.S.; Biritwum, R.B.; Minicuci, N.; Rule, S.P.; Naidoo, N.; Chatterji, S.; Qian, Z.; Ma, W.; Wu, F.Background Little is known about the joint mental health effects of air pollution and tobacco smoking in low- and middle-income countries.AimsTo investigate the effects of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and smoking and their combined (interactive) effects on depression.Method Multilevel logistic regression analysis of baseline data of a prospective cohort study (n=4l785). The 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 were estimated using US National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite data, and depression was diagnosed using a standardised questionnaire. Three-level logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations with depression.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for depression was 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.17) per 10μg/m(3) increase in ambient PM2.5, and the association remained after adjusting for potential confounding factors (adjusted OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19). Tobacco smoking (smoking status, frequency, duration and amount) was also significantly associated with depression. There appeared to be a synergistic interaction between ambient PM2.5 and smoking on depression in the additive model, but the interaction was not statistically significant in the multiplicative model.Conclusions Our study suggests that exposure to ambient PM2.5 may increase the risk of depression, and smoking may enhance this effect.Item The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: what does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?(BMC Medicine, 2015-08) Arokiasamy, P.; Uttamacharya, U.; Jain, K.; Biritwum, R.B.; Yawson, A.E.; Wu, F.; Guo, Y.; Maximova, T.; Espinoza, B.M.; Salinas Rodríguez, A.; Afshar, S.; Pati, S.; Ice, G.; Banerjee, S.; Liebert, M.A.; Snodgrass, J.J.; Naidoo, N.; Chatterji, S.; Kowal, P.Background: Chronic diseases contribute a large share of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Chronic diseases have a tendency to occur simultaneously and where there are two or more such conditions, this is termed as ‘multimorbidity’. Multimorbidity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but limited research has been undertaken in LMICs. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity as well as the associations between multimorbidity and self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life, and depression across six LMICs. Methods: Data was obtained from the WHO’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave-1 (2007/10). This was a cross-sectional population based survey performed in LMICs, namely China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, including 42,236 adults aged 18 years and older. Multimorbidity was measured as the simultaneous presence of two or more of eight chronic conditions including angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and vision impairment. Associations with four health outcomes were examined, namely ADL limitation, self-rated health, depression, and a quality of life index. Random-intercept multilevel regression models were used on pooled data from the six countries. Results: The prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity was 54.2 % and 21.9 %, respectively, in the pooled sample of six countries. Russia had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity (34.7 %) whereas China had the lowest (20.3 %). The likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age groups and was lower in those with higher socioeconomic status. In the pooled sample, the prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation was 14 %, depression 5.7 %, self-rated poor health 11.6 %, and mean quality of life score was 54.4. Substantial cross-country variations were seen in the four health outcome measures. The prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation, poor self-rated health, and depression increased whereas quality of life declined markedly with an increase in number of diseases. Conclusions: Findings highlight the challenge of multimorbidity in LMICs, particularly among the lower socioeconomic groups, and the pressing need for reorientation of health care resources considering the distribution of multimorbidity and its adverse effect on health outcomes. (PDF) The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: What does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280734586_The_impact_of_multimorbidity_on_adult_physical_and_mental_health_in_low-_and_middle-income_countries_What_does_the_study_on_global_ageing_and_adult_health_SAGE_reveal [accessed Sep 12 2018].Item Making sense of health estimates(The Lancet, 2015-04) Agyepong, I.; Corrah, T.; Guo, Y.; Hollingsworth, B.; Klag, M.; Longfield, K.; De Fatima Marinho De Souza, M.; Piot, P.; Prasada Rao, J.V.R.; Røttingen, J.-A.; Smith, P.Epidemiological data provide the metrics from which burdens attributable to different diseases and conditions causing ill health can be estimated. Comprehensive, consistent, and coherent health estimates, together with information about any associated uncertainties, are indispensable for decision making by governments, non-governmental organisations, practitioners, and national and international funders in helping to gauge and track the changing demands and challenges presented by poor health. Estimates of disease burden are an essential platform for public health policy and priority setting, and for evaluating intervention programmes. Additionally, information about the effectiveness of interventions, their societal acceptability, side-effects, cost-effectiveness, and ultimate cost, are needed for the policy setting process. Here, we argue that in the absence of adequate primary health data collection, it is often reasonable to rely on best estimates of disease burden, derived from other sources and modelling, for national planning and other decision making purposes.Item The Oleaceae family: A source of secoiridoids with multiple biological activities(Fitoterapia, 2019-04) Huang, Y.L.; Oppong, M.B.; Guo, Y.; Wang, L.Z.; Fang, S.M.; Deng, Y.R.; Gao, X.M.In the quest to search and discover bioactive compounds from nature, terpenoids have emerged as one of the most interesting and researched classes of compounds. Secoiridoid, a type of the terpenoid, has also been extensively studied, especially their chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Oleaceae is a family of woody dicotyledonous plants with broad economic and medicinal values. This family contains a large number of flavonoids, monoterpenoids, iridoids, secoiridoids and phenylethyl alcohols, of which the secoiridoids have various biological activities. The purpose of this review is to summarize the phytochemical and pharmacological of the secoiridoids (glycosides, aglycones, derivatives and dimers) in the Oleaceae family from 1987 to 2018. This review will also serve as a reference for further studies.