Browsing by Author "Das, S."
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Item Author Correction: The temporal dynamics and infectiousness of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infections in relation to parasite density(Nature communications, 2019-06-11) Koram, K.; Slater, H.C.; Ross, A.; Felger, I.; Hofmann, N.E.; Robinson, L.; Cook, J.; Gonçalves, B.P.; Björkman, A.; Ouedraogo, A.L.; Morris, U.; Msellem, M.; Koepfli, C.; Mueller, I.; Tadesse, F.; Gadisa, E.; Das, S.; Domingo, G.; Kapulu, M.; Midega, J.; Owusu-Agyei, S.; Nabet, C.; Piarroux, R.; Doumbo, O.; Doumbo, S.N.; Koram, K.; Lucchi, N.; Udhayakumar, V.; Mosha, J.; Tiono, A.; Chandramohan, D.; Gosling, R.; Mwingira, F.; Sauerwein, R.; Paul, R.; Riley, E.M.; White, N.J.; Nosten, F.; Imwong, M.; Bousema, T.; Drakeley, C.; Okell, L.C.Item BE-SMART (Basal Early Strategies to Maximize HbA1c Reduction with Oral Therapy): Expert Opinion(Diabetes Therapy, 2019-03-19) Lamptey, R.; Bajaj, S.; Das, A.K.; Kalra, S.; Sahay, R.; Saboo, B.; Das, S.; Shunmugavelu, M.; Jacob, J.; Priya, G.; Khandelwal, D.; Dutta, D.; Chawla, M.; Surana, V.; Tiwaskar, M.; Joshi, A.; Shrestha, P.K.; Bhattarai, J.; Bhowmik, B.; Latt, T.S.; Aye, T.T.; Vijayakumar, G.; Baruah, M.; Jawad, F.; Unnikrishnan, A.G.; Chowdhury, S.; Pathan, M.F.; Somasundaram, N.; Sumanathilaka, M.; Raza, A.; Bahendeka, S.K.; Coetzee, A.; Ruder, S.; Ramaiya, K.; Bavuma, C.; Shaikh, K.; Uloko, A.; Chaudhary, S.; Abdela, A.A.; Akanov, Z.; Rodrı`guez-Saldan˜a, J.; Faradji, R.; Tiago, A.; Reja, A.; Czupryniak, L.The past three decades have seen a quadruple rise in the number of people affected by diabetes mellitus worldwide, with the disease being the ninth major cause of mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often remains undiagnosed for several years due to its asymptomatic nature during the initial stages. In India, 70% of diagnosed diabetes cases remain uncontrolled. Current guidelines endorse the initiation of insulin early in the course of the disease, specifically in patients with HbA1c > 10%, as the use of oral agents alone is unlikely to achieve glycemic targets. Early insulin initiation and optimization of glycemic control using insulin titration algorithms and patient empowerment can facilitate the effective management of uncontrolled diabetes. Early glucose control has sustained benefits in people with diabetes. However, insulin initiation, dose adjustment, and the need to repeatedly assess blood glucose levels are often perplexing for both physicians and patients, and there are misconceptions and concerns regarding its use. Hence, an early transition to insulin and ideal intensification of treatment may aid in delaying the onset of diabetes complications. This opinion statement was formulated by an expert panel on the basis of existing guidelines, clinical experience, and economic and cultural contexts. The statement stresses the timely and appropriate use of basal insulin in T2DM. It focuses on the seven vital Ts-treatment initiation, timing of administration, transportation and storage, technique of administration, targets for titration, tablets, and tools for monitoringItem Cerebral malaria is associated with low levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in African children(American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009) Gyan, B.; Goka, B.Q.; Adjei, G.O.; Tetteh, J.K.; Kusi, K.A.; Aikins, A.; Dodoo, D.; Lesser, M.L.; Sison, C.P.; Das, S.; Howard, M.E.; Milbank, E.; Fischer, K.; Rafii, S.; Jin, D.; Golightly, L.M.Damage to the cerebral microvasculature is a feature of cerebral malaria. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are needed for microvascular repair. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that the failure to mobilize sufficient circulating endothelial progenitor cells to the cerebral microvasculature is a pathophysiologic feature of cerebral malaria. To test this hypothesis, we compared peripheral blood levels of CD34 (+)/VEGFR2(+) and CD34 (+)/CD133(+) cells and plasma levels of the chemokine stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1) in 214 children in Accra, Ghana. Children with cerebral malaria had lower levels of CD34 (+)/VEGFR2(+) and CD34 (+)/CD133(+) cells compared with those with uncomplicated malaria, asymptomatic parasitemia, or healthy controls. SDF-1 levels were higher in children with acute malaria compared with healthy controls. Together, these results uncover a potentially novel role for endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria.Item Cerebral malaria is associated with low levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in African children(American Journal Trop. Med. Hyg. 80(4): 541-6, 2009) Adjei, G.O.; Gyan, B.; Goka, B.Q.; Tetteh, J.K.; Kusi, K.A.; Aikins, A.; Dodoo, D.; Lesser, M.L.; Sison, C.P.; Das, S.; Howard, M.E.; Milbank, E.; Fischer, K.; Rafii, S.; Jin, D.; Golightly, L.M.Damage to the cerebral microvasculature is a feature of cerebral malaria. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are needed for microvascular repair. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that the failure to mobilize sufficient circulating endothelial progenitor cells to the cerebral microvasculature is a pathophysiologic feature of cerebral malaria. To test this hypothesis, we compared peripheral blood levels of CD34 (+)/VEGFR2(+) and CD34 (+)/CD133(+) cells and plasma levels of the chemokine stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1) in 214 children in Accra, Ghana. Children with cerebral malaria had lower levels of CD34 (+)/VEGFR2(+) and CD34 (+)/CD133(+) cells compared with those with uncomplicated malaria, asymptomatic parasitemia, or healthy controls. SDF-1 levels were higher in children with acute malaria compared with healthy controls. Together, these results uncover a potentially novel role for endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria.Item A Multiplex PCR/LDR Assay for Viral Agents of Diarrhea with the Capacity to Genotype Rotavirus(Scientific Reports, 2018-09) Mirza, A.H.; Das, S.; Pingle, M.R.; Rundell, M.S.; Armah, G.; Gyan, B.; Hodinka, R.L.; Larone, D.H.; Spitzer, E.D.; Barany, F.; Golightly, L.M.Rotavirus and noroviruses are major causes of diarrhea. Variable rotavirus vaccination efficacy in Africa and Asia is multifactorial, including the diversity of circulating strains and viral co-infection. We describe a multiplexed assay that detects and genotypes viruses from stool specimens. It includes a one-step reverse transcriptase PCR reaction, a ligase detection reaction (LDR), then hybridization of fluorescent products to micro-beads. In clinical samples it detects rotavirus, caliciviruses (sapovirus and norovirus), mixed infections, and genotypes or genogroups of rotaviruses and noroviruses, respectively. The assay also has the capacity to detect hepatitis A. The assay was validated on reference isolates and 296 stool specimens from the US and Ghana. The assay was 97% sensitive and 100% specific. The genogroup was concordant in 100% of norovirus, and the genotype in 91% and 89% of rotavirus G- and P-types, respectively. Two rare rotavirus strains, G6P[6] and G6P[8], were detected in stool specimens from Ghana. The high-throughput assay is sensitive, specific, and may be of utility in the epidemiological surveillance for rare and emerging viral strains post-rotavirus vaccine implementation. © 2018, The Author(s).Item The temporal dynamics and infectiousness of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infections in relation to parasite density(Nature Communications, 2019) Slater, H.C.; Ross, A.; Felge, I.; Hofmann, N.E.; Robinson, L.; Cook, J.; Gonçalves, B.P.; Björkman, A.; Ouedraogo, A.L.; Morris, U.; Msellem, M.; Koepfli, C.; Mueller, I.; Tadesse, F.; Gadisa, E.; Das, S.; Domingo, G.; Kapulu, M.; Midega, J.; Owusu-Agyei, S.; Nabet, C.; Piarroux, R.; Doumbo, O.; Doumbo, S.N.; Koram, K.; Lucchi, N.; Udhayakumar, V.; Mosha, J.; Tiono, A.; Chandramohan, D.; Gosling, R.; Mwingira, F.; Sauerwein, R.; Riley, E.M.; White, N.J.; Nosten, F.; Imwong, M.; Bousema, T.; Drakeley, C.; Okell, L.C.Malaria infections occurring below the limit of detection of standard diagnostics are common in all endemic settings. However, key questions remain surrounding their contribution to sustaining transmission and whether they need to be detected and targeted to achieve malaria elimination. In this study we analyse a range of malaria datasets to quantify the density, detectability, course of infection and infectiousness of subpatent infections. Asymptomatically infected individuals have lower parasite densities on average in low transmission settings compared to individuals in higher transmission settings. In cohort studies, subpatent infections are found to be predictive of future periods of patent infection and in membrane feeding studies, individuals infected with subpatent asexual parasite densities are found to be approximately a third as infectious to mosquitoes as individuals with patent (asexual parasite) infection. These results indicate that subpatent infections contribute to the infectious reservoir, may be long lasting, and require more sensitive diagnostics to detect them in lower transmission settings. © 2019, The Author(s).