Browsing by Author "Badasu, D."
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Item Determinants of Antenatal Care Utilization among Women in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2015-07) Dikenoo, C. M.; Badasu, D.; University of Ghana College of Humanities, Regional Institute for Population StudiesAntenatal care is the most important health input that can help reduce maternal mortality and child birth complications. Though it appears that most women are attending ANC, a lot of them are not completing the attendance. For ANC to function to contribute to saving of life, it must be completed. Completed ANC involves attending and utilizing ANC for a minimum of four times for uncomplicated pregnancies, so that subsequent visits may only be required upon detection of complication (WHO, 2010). The study examined the maternal characteristics that determine complete ANC attendance among women in Ghana. The general objective of the study was to examine the determinants of ANC utilization among women in Ghana. Data for the study was obtained from the 2008 Ghana Demographic Health Survey (GDHS) data set collected quinquenially by the Ghana Statistical Service, (GSS) and the Ghana Health Service (GHS) under the auspices of United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) among others. The sample size was 2,909 women (15-49 years) who had given their recent birth within five years preceding the 2008 GDHS. The study employed descriptive techniques such as percentages, cross tabulations to establish associations between the dependent and independent variables using the Pearson‟s Chi-square. The binary logistic regression was used to determine the variables that were statistically significant in determining complete ANC utilization among the women. The findings indicate that maternal age, type of place of residence, parity, timing of first ANC and health insurance ownership were statistically significant determinants of complete ANC use among the women. Other variables like wealth quintile, religion and ethnicity also show some statistical relationship with ANC attendance. Three hypotheses were formulated. The first one was, “the higher the age of a woman, the less likely she is to seek complete ANC”. However, this hypothesis was rejected due to lack of sufficient statistical evidence. The second hypothesis was “primiparous women were more likely, than the multiparous to seek complete ANC.” This hypothesis was confirmed and accepted. Finally, the third hypothesis, “women covered by health insurance were more likely to seek complete ANC compared to those who were not” was also confirmed and accepted. It was recommended among other things that women seek ANC early and receive recommended number of visits to ensure desirable pregnancy outcomes.Item Effects of Rural-Urban Migration on Children Left Behind by the Migrants. A Case Study of Ningo-Prampram District in the Greater Accra Region(University of Ghana, 2013-07) Appianing, S.; Badasu, D.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, Centre for Migration StudiesThis study was designed to investigate the effects of rural–urban migration on the migrant children left behind. A cross sectional study where data was collected using two structured questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the study participants and these included eighty (80) children whose parents have migrated from the rural areas to the urban areas in Ghana and forty (40) Caregivers / relatives who attended to these children in the absence of their parents. Data on demographics, living arrangements, effects of migration on educational performance, psychological effects on children were collected from the children aged 15-17years. The findings of this study show that in the Ghanaian context the effects of parental migration on children whether desirable or undesirable depends on other socio- economic factors- pull and push. Majority (50%) of both parents have migrated. Few fathers (10%) and 40% of mothers have migrated separately to the urban centres. Majority (71.25%) of the children said the absence of their parents does not deteriorate their academic performance. The care takers/relatives said though the migrants left because of lack of employment opportunities in the rural areas, they (migrants) are unable to send enough remittances for the upkeep of the children while 20% of the migrants do not send remittances at all home. It also came out that the income of the migrants has improved from 15% to 85 %. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that parental migration and the consequent parent-child separation do not necessarily affect the living arrangement, positioning and attendance of the children’s education adversely if the left-behind children are in the care of caregivers who provide them with the needed care and guidance. In view of this, the Ghanaian family values which encourage child care by all society and family members, and not just biological parents should be upheld and sustained. However, there is the need for care givers especially the educated ones to take the children education seriously by assisting them in their school assignments. Also, the care givers should monitor the children well by attitudes like high tempers, alcohol intake and decision making on their own which will help to know the challenges they face to support them early to avoid further problems.Item Goals of Migrant and Non-Migrant Youth in Accra(University of Ghana, 2014-12) Boakye, N.Y.G.; Badasu, D.; Kwankye, S.; Aikins, A.D.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities Regional Institute for Population StudiesMany young people migrate from rural areas to urban areas with the view of attaining certain goals in order to improve their lives. The theory of migrant selectivity suggests that migrants are more ambitious and more driven than similar individuals in their places of origin, and also similar individuals in their places of destination. Based on this theory, this study sought to compare the goals, obstacles and strategies of migrants to those of non-migrants. The study also compares the goals, strategies and obstacles of migrants with different durations of stay in their communities of residence. The results of this study spelt out the need to create group-specific programmes and interventions when it comes to issues of youth poverty and migration. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, the study aimed to explore the goals migrants and non-migrants aspire to achieve, and how the strategies and obstacles towards the attainment of these goals differ. The study was done among 326 migrants and non-migrants between the ages of 15 to 24 years in James Town, Ussher Town and Agbogbloshie. It also included focus group discussions with 56 participants. The goals of the young people included their Relation/Intimacy goals, Generativity/Transcendentivity goals, School/Work Achievement goals and Other Achievement goals. Female respondents were more focused on relations goals and younger female non-migrants, on „avoidance‟ relations goals. Migrants who had been in the community for a period of 2-5 years are more streetwise and seek independence more. The study also found that educational goals were not popular among female migrants. Friendship groups, formed among the males, were used to support themselves economically. Unlike non-migrants, migrants seemed to work for the things they needed instead of „getting assistance‟. Also, while non-migrants joined organized groups for assistance, migrants helped others for favours xvi The study recommended reforms to extend free education and quality education to higher levels, and to generate jobs for young people in rural areas. It also recommended that the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection increase awareness on reproductive health risks, among migrants. The study also recommended efforts to increase young women‟s interest in education. Initiatives like LESDEP should be made more available, and perhaps should target people that need it more. Again, there should be more focus on migrant women when it comes to issues of reproductive health. The study also recommended that young migrants should be encouraged to join formal groups like churches and NGOs in order to attain needed assistance. Finally, the study recommended campaigns to make young people more aware of dangers that they are more prone to.Item Independent Migration of Children in Ghana. In: Child Care Strategies among Young Migrants at Destination Areas, edited by Anarfi, J.K and Kwankye, S.O.(Sundel Services, pp. 171-206, 2010) Badasu, D.; Frempong-Ainguah, F.; Codjoe, S.N.A.Item Independent Migration of Children in Ghana. In: North-South Independent Child Migration in Ghana: The Push and Pull Factors, edited by Anarfi, J.K and Kwankye, S.O.(Sundel Services, pp. 71-100, 2010) Frempong-Ainguah, F.; Badasu, D.; Codjoe, S.N.A.Item Labour Mobility and Development among the Dagaaba (Dagara) of the Nandom Traditional Area(University of Ghana, 2013-07) Claver, Z.P.; Badasu, D.This study examined labour migration and associated development in the Nandom Traditional Area. The objective of the study was to find out whether labour migration is an option for improved livelihoods and development in the Nandom Traditional Area. Both returned migrants at Nandom and migrants at destination, Accra were interviewed. The field work was undertaken in two areas, namely Accra Metropolis and Nandom District. Mixed research method was used. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. A questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide were the instruments used for the study. A total of 40 returned migrants and 14 migrants at destination were interviewed at Nandom and Accra respectively. The study found out that Dagaaba labour migrants migrate due to various reasons such as poverty, lack of jobs especially the off farming season, lack of social facilities and infrastructure among others and labour migration generally has positive effects on household’s livelihood in Nandom due to the inflow of remittances. It was observed from the study that, policy makers on migration and livelihood tend to ignore the agricultural labour migration especially during off-farming period as a critical issue in development planning. The study also recommends that government should consider irrigation in the area to curb labour migration during the dry season. Improved infrastructure, in terms of health facilities, roads, schools, potable water will help bridge the gaps in development between Nandom and the destination area Accra and other potential ones in other parts of Ghana which usually attract the youth. This is because the loss of human resources from the area as a result of migration does not seem to be compensated by the benefits of migration. The departure of the youth affects their livelihoods positively. Results of the study revealed that migrants were predominantly males, with a relatively smaller but increasing number of women over the years. Based on the findings, the study argues for the introduction of more poverty reduction strategies in the area that will reduce the incidence of migration in the area.Item Migration and Health among Female Porters (Kayayei) in Accra, Ghana(University of Ghana, 2015-12) Shamsu-Deen, Z.; Yaro, J.A.; Badasu, D.; Teye, J.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, Centre for Migration StudiesThe thesis aimed at contributing to the emerging body of knowledge about migration and health linkages, with a focus on migrant female porters (Kayayei) in Accra, Ghana. Several studies that have so far given attention to female porters have focused mainly on their livelihoods, with only cursory remarks made on the health of these migrants. Also, some existing studies have largely examined the health of migrants without reference to the entire migration process. Employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, this study has provided both empirical depth and theoretical clarification on the migration dynamics of female porters, their health seeking behaviours, and the multiple factors that hinder their access to health. Migration is seen by the female porters as a means to gain autonomy in their lives, a means of livelihood diversification. The migration process of female porters is enabled by social networks with varying levels of social capital which facilitates movement and settlement. Social networks provide safety nets for female porters as it increases their social asset base. The reasons for their migration are related to the declining importance of agriculture and the non-availability of jobs at their origin which can be blamed on the liberalization of the Ghanaian economy The working and living arrangements and work environment of the female porters constitute the major sources of health risks. The nature of their work also exposes them to physical stress, particularly waist and neck pain, and accidents resulting normally in sprains and fractures. The poor living environment is the major cause of diseases such as malaria, typhoid and cholera. Sleeping in the open in front of shops exposes them to mosquitoes, while the lack of decent bathrooms, toilets or hygiene in general exposes them to skin infections and water related diseases. Sleeping in the open also exposes them to the harsh weather conditions and also to rapists. The poor working and living conditions also provide possibilities for illnesses contracted at the origin to thrive and become complicated. The majority of the female porters sought health care in avenues other than health facilities. These avenues included drug peddlers, local herbalists and Chemists‘ shops. Those who used traditional medicines mostly brought them along from the origins in the north, particularly in cases where they were already ill before migrating. Generally, female porters visit health facilities when their conditions become serious. Migrants‘ age, levels of education and marital status were generally found to have a positive effect on health-seeking behaviour. Thus the combinations of individual and local dynamics of the Kayayei communities at their destination in Accra have a great influence on their well-being, which translates into influence on their health and health seeking behaviour. An integrated approach aimed at addressing these complex and multidimensional problems requires national and local policies that are multidimensional in nature and seek to capture the different aspects of vulnerabilities that affect the health of female porters at their destination.Item Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Migration in Ghana(Woeli Publishing Services, Accra, 2011) Awumbila, M.; Alhassan, O.; Badasu, D.; Bosiakoh, T.A.; Dankyi, E.K.