Browsing by Author "Aziati, I.D."
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Item Drug resistance mutations and viral load in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and dual HIV-1/HIV-2 infected patients in Ghana(Medicine, 2019-02) Abana, C.Z.; Sagoe, K.W.C.; Bonney, E.Y.; Maina, E.K.; Aziati, I.D.; Agbosu, E.; Mawuli, G.; Styer, L.M.; Ishikawa, K.; Brandful, J.A.M.; Ampofo, W.K.Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and drug resistance studies worldwide have focused almost exclusively on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). As a result, there is limited information on ART and drug resistance in HIV-2 patients. In Ghana, the HIV epidemic is characterized by the domination of HIV-1, with cocirculating HIV-2. We, therefore, sought to determine viral load and drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 patients to inform the clinical management of such individuals in Ghana. We used purposive sampling to collect blood from 16 consented patients, confirmed as HIV-2 or HIV-1/2 dual infections by serology. A 2-step real-time RT-PCR assay was used to determine plasma HIV-2 RNA viral loads. For drug resistance testing, nucleic acids were extracted from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The reverse transcriptase and protease genes of HIV-2 were amplified, sequenced and analyzed for drug resistance mutations and HIV-2 group. HIV-2 viral load was detected in 9 of 16 patients. Six of these had quantifiable viral loads (range: 2.62–5.45 log IU/mL) while 3 had viral loads below the limit of quantification. Sequences were generated from 7 out of 16 samples. Five of these were classified as HIV-2 group B and 2 as HIV-2 group A. HIV-2 drug resistance mutations (M184V, K65R, Y115F) were identified in 1 patient. This study is the first to report HIV-2 viral load and drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 strains from Ghana. The results indicate the need for continuous monitoring of drug resistance among HIV-2- infected patients to improve their clinical management.Item Establishment of in-house quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for HIV-1 viral load measurement: Application to evaluate efficacy of ART in Ghanaian patients in an urban setting(Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research, 2014-01) Barnor, J.S.; Yamamoto, N.; Brandful, J.A.M.; Ampofo, W.; Bonney, J.H.K.; Bonney, E.; Odoom, J.K.; Aidoo, S.; Alale, M.; Ntim, N.A.; Amoah, Y.O.; Ofori, S.B.; Ndzinu, J.; Aziati, I.D.; Addo, N.-A.; Nyarko, A.; Ido, E.; Ishikawa, K.; Yamaoka, S.The aim of this study was to establish and apply a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA quantification in patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Ghana, where recombinant strains including CRF02_AG are prevalent. The primers and TaqMan probe concentrations as well as reaction temperatures were optimized to establish an efficient in-house quantitative assay system for HIV RNA, a tool for HIV viral load measurement in patients. Then an already established HIV-specific PCR amplicon (HIV-1 NL4-3) was used as an external standard to estimate the linearity, amplification efficiency, analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of the in-house real time quantitative assay. Finally, the assay was applied to quantify the viral load in clinical samples of HIV patients on ART. The real time quantitative assay was shown to have good linearity (R2=1.0), high amplification efficiency (E=1.91), high sensitivity (180 copies/ml), and high reproducibility (variation coefficient range, from 1.25% to 3.58%). Analytical specificity and sensitivity of the assay in clinical samples was 96.7% and 95.0%, respectively. The established tool is reliable and covers all relevant genotypes including rare and recombinant forms that circulate in the sub-region. It could therefore allow general monitoring of antiretroviral therapy in patients living in resource-limited settings due to its simplicity, rapidity and less-labour intensiveness. © 2014 Barnor JS, et al.