Browsing by Author "Awodu, O.A."
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Item Lupus anticoagulant in human immunodeficiency virus -infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy(Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2010) Awodu, O.A.; Olayemi, E.E.; Bazuaye, G.N.; Onunu, A.N.Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is a heterogeneous group of antibodies that causes a variety of clinical and laboratory effects; has been described in infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. LA has not been previously described in Nigerians with human immunodeficiency virus infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Aim: To determine the frequency of LA in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus on HAART. Methods: Cross sectional study of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection undergoing HAART at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Screening for LA was done using the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and kaolin clotting time (KCT). Mixing experiments were conducted on samples with prolonged clotting time. KCT ratio was calculated. A positive result was taken as KCT ratio greater than or equal to 1.2. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association between LA and sex. Association between aPTT and KCT was tested according to Pearson. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Fifty-eight patients aged 18- 60 years were studied, comprising of 28 males (mean age 40.50 plus/minus 8.8 years) and 30 females (mean age 35.4 plus/minus 9.02). Frequency of LA among human immunodeficiency infected patients was 5.2%, (frequency in males and females were 3.6 and 6.7 % respectively). This was lower than 46% reported in patients not on HAART. There was no statistically significant difference in LA prevalence between males and females P greater than0.05. A positive correlation was observed between the clotting tests aPTT and KCT (r is equal to 0.9406, p less than 0.0001). Conclusion: HAART may prevent development of LA in HIV-infected patientsItem Lupus anticoagulant in human immunodeficiency virus -infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy(Medknow Publications, 2010) Awodu, O.A.; Olayemi, E.E.; Bazuaye, G.N.; Onunu, A.N.BACKGROUND: Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is a heterogeneous group of antibodies that causes a variety of clinical and laboratory effects; has been described in infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. LA has not been previously described in Nigerians with human immunodeficiency virus infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIM: To determine the frequency of LA in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus on HAART. METHODS: Cross sectional study of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection undergoing HAART at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Screening for LA was done using the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and kaolin clotting time (KCT). Mixing experiments were conducted on samples with prolonged clotting time. KCT ratio was calculated. A positive result was taken as KCT ratio greater than or equal to 1.2. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association between LA and sex. Association between aPTT and KCT was tested according to Pearson. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients aged 18- 60 years were studied, comprising of 28 males (mean age 40.50 plus/minus 8.8 years) and 30 females (mean age 35.4 plus/minus 9.02). Frequency of LA among human immunodeficiency infected patients was 5.2%, (frequency in males and females were 3.6 and 6.7 % respectively). This was lower than 46% reported in patients not on HAART. There was no statistically significant difference in LA prevalence between males and females P greater than0.05. A positive correlation was observed between the clotting tests aPTT and KCT (r is equal to 0.9406, p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSION: HAART may prevent development of LA in HIV-infected patients.Item Lupus anticoagulant in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy(Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53(1): 47-9, 2010) Awodu, O.A.; Olayemi, E.E.; Bazuaye, G.N.; Onunu, A.N.Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is a heterogeneous group of antibodies that causes a variety of clinical and laboratory effects; has been described in infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. LA has not been previously described in Nigerians with human immunodeficiency virus infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Item Lupus anticoagulant in Nigerian children with homozygous sickle cell disease(Annals of African Medicine, 2005) Olayemi, E.; Halim, N.K.D.; Durosinmi, M.A.; Awodu, O.A.Background: Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is an antiphospholipid antibody (APLA), which recognise combinations of phospholipids or phospholipid -binding proteins or both and interfere with coagulation reactions dependent on protein phospholipid complexes in vitro. LA has paradoxically been associated with thrombosis and a myriad of clinical conditions such as cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). APLA have been described in adult homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and adults with β- thalassaemia. Our objective was to determine the presence or otherwise of LA in children with homozygous SCD and to see if they were more prone to developing LA compared to normal HbAA controls. Method: A total of 57 children with homozygous SCD between the ages 1-15 years were prospectively screened for the presence of LA using the kaolin clotting time (KCT), while 52 healthy HbAA children served as controls. KCT was performed in duplicates on all 109 subjects. Kaolin clotting time ratio was calculated to determine the presence of LA. A ratio greater than or equal to 1.2 was taken to signify the presence of LA. Results: One (1.8%) child with homozygous SCD had prolonged KCT, and this was not corrected by normal plasma, the KCT ratio was greater than 1.2, signifying the presence of LA. None of the control subjects had LA (p >0.05). Conclusion: One (1.8%) child in this study had LA; this value was not statistically significant when compared with HbAA controls. In spite of the fact that secondary LA is more common in females, the only patient with LA in our study was male and had no prior history of CVA or thrombosisItem Using serial haemorheological parameters to assess clinical status in sickle cell anaemia patients in vaso-occlussive crisis(Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 2009) Awodu, O.A.; Famodu, A.A.; Ajayi, O.I.; Enosolease, M.E.; Olufemi, O.Y.; Olayemi, E.In a prospective study using standard methods, haemorheological parameters were assessed in 10 sickle cell anaemia patients in pain crises. Patients were investigated for possible changes in determinants of rheology in the course of painful episodes: blood samples were taken for plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC); plasma viscosity (PV); haematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscosity (WBV) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) using standard methods. Samples were collected on presentation to the emergency unit and daily for 4 consecutive days. Whole blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen concentration were significantly higher at onset of crises when compared with baseline values (p<0.01 and p<0.0001), respectively. Plasma fibrinogen and blood viscosity peaked within 24 h of onset of crisis and started declining 48-72 h later. These parameters approached baseline values by the 4th day of painful crisis.There was no significant change in the haematocrit and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate during the period of painful crisis despite change in whole blood viscosity and fibrinogen. In conclusion, this study showed elevated haemorheological parameters in sickle cell anaemia patients in VOC, it also demonstrated an acute rise in these parameters at onset of crisis and a return to almost baseline levels within 96 h of onset of painful episodes.