Browsing by Author "Assim, Z."
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Item Eco-toxic risk assessment and source distribution of trace metals in surface sediments of the coastal and in four rivers estuary of Sarawak(Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2002) Asare, Ë.A.; Assim, Z.; Wahi, R.; Fianko, J.R.Background: Trace metals pollution in the coastal and estuarine sediment could harm water quality and aquatic organisms, leading to potential long-term health risks on the environment and humans. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of selected trace metals in surface sediments of the coastal and in four rivers estuary in the Sarawak State of Malaysia to investigate their distribution, environmental risk, and potential source distribution. Results: Average concentrations of trace metals in sediment increased in the following order: Cd ˂ As ˂ Co ˂ Cu ˂ Ni ˂ Cr ˂ Zn ˂ Mn ˂ Mg ˂ Fe. The enrichment, contamination, and geo-accumulation index results showed that surface sediments were polluted with Zn and Mg. In contrast, the other metals (i.e., As, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, and Cd) indicated background concentration to minor contamination. Generally, the pollution load index values showed that almost all the sampling sites were unpolluted with the selected trace metals. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and risk indexes were employed to assess the ecotoxicological risk of trace metal contamination in the sediments. The results proved that studied trace metals are not likely to have a deleterious impact on bottom-dwelling organisms. Still, a further accumulation of trace metals such as Zn, Ni, and Cr with time may adversely afect bottom-dwelling organisms. The risk index results showed a low ecological risk to the study sites. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that nine studied trace metals have strong interrelationships, suggesting common pollution sources or similar geochemical characteristics. Conclusions: The study highlights the need to make tremendous efforts to monitor and control trace metal pollution in the coastal and estuarine areas.Item Trend analysis of anthropogenic activities affecting trace metals deposition in core sediments from the coastal and four rivers estuary of Sarawak, Malaysia https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-17008-1#auth-Ebenezer_Aquisman-Asare(Springer, 2022) Asare, E.A.; Assim, Z.; Wahi, R.; Bakeh, T.; Dapaah, S.S.This study reports the concentrations of trace metals in core sediments profile from the coastal and four rivers estuary in the Kuching Division of Sarawak, Malaysia, and the controlling mechanisms influencing their availability in sediments of the studied area. The bonding of trace metals with non-mobile fractions was confirmed with the sequential extraction. Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) was used to measure the concentrations of the trace metals. Granulometric analyses were performed using normalized sieve apertures to determine the textural characteristics of the sediments. Enrichment factor was used to evaluate the level of metal enrichment. Heavy metals concentrations in sediment samples varied in the range: Pb (8.9–188.9 mg/kg d.w.), Zn (19.4–431.8 mg/kg d.w.), Cd (0.014–0.061 mg/kg d.w.), Ni (6.6–33.4 mg/kg d.w.), Mn (2.4–16.8 mg/kg d.w.), Cu (9.4–133.3 mg/kg d.w.), Ba (1.3–9.9 mg/kg d.w.), As (0.4–7.9 mg/kg d.w.), Co (0.9–5.1 mg/kg d.w.), Cr (1.4–7.8 mg/kg d.w.), Mg (68.8–499.3 mg/kg d.w.), Ca (11.3–64.9 mg/kg d.w.), Al (24.7–141.7 mg/kg d.w.), Na (8.8–29.4 mg/kg d.w.), and Fe (12,011–35,124.6 mg/kg d.w.). The estimated results of the enrichment factor suggested enrichments of Pb, Zn, and Cu in all the core sediment samples and depths at all sites. The other trace metals showed no enrichments in almost all the sampled stations. Continuous accumulation of Pb, Zn, and Cu metals over a period can be detrimental to living organisms and the ecology. The results obtained from the statistical analyses suggested that the deposition of trace metals in the studied sites is due to anthropogenic inputs from the adjacent land-based sources.