Browsing by Author "Appiah, M.A."
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Item Barriers to tuberculosis treatment adherence in high-burden tuberculosis settings in Ashanti region, Ghana: a qualitative study from patient’s perspective(BMC Public Health, 2023) Appiah, M.A.; Arthur, J.A; Gborgblorvo, D.; Asampong, E.; Kye-Duodu, G.; Kamau, E.M.; Dako-Gyeke, P.Background Despite having an effective community-based Directly Observed Therapy Short-course (DOTS) strategy for tuberculosis (TB) care, treatment adherence has been a major challenge in many developing countries including Ghana. Poor adherence results in discontinuity of treatment and leads to adverse treatment outcomes which pose an increased risk of drug resistance. This study explored barriers to TB treatment adherence and recommended potential patient-centered strategies to improve treatment adherence in two high-burden TB settings in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Methods The study was conducted among TB patients who defaulted on treatment in the Obuasi Municipal and Obuasi East districts in the Ashanti region. A qualitative phenomenology approach was used to explore the barriers to TB treatment adherence. Purposive sampling was adopted to select study participants with different sociodemographic backgrounds and experiences with TB care. Eligible participants were selected by reviewing the medical records of patients from health facility TB registers (2019–2021). Sixty-one (61) TB patients met the eligibility criteria and were contacted via phone call. Out of the 61 patients, 20 were successfully reached and consented to participate. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants using a semi-structured interview guide. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were imported into Atlas.ti version 8.4 software and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results Food insecurity, cost of transportation to the treatment center, lack of family support, income insecurity, long distance to the treatment center, insufficient knowledge about TB, side effect of drugs, improvement in health after the intensive phase of the treatment regimen, and difficulty in accessing public transportation were the main co-occurring barriers to treatment adherence among the TB patients. Conclusion The main barriers to TB treatment adherence identified in this study reveal major implementation gaps in the TB programme including gaps related to social support, food security, income security, knowledge, andItem The Relationship between Perceived Organizational support, Ethical Climate and Workplace Deviance(University of Ghana, 2015-07) Appiah, M.A.; Opoku, J.Y.; Asumeng, M.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, Department of PsychologyThis study examined the relationship between perceived organizational support, ethical climate and workplace deviance. The study examined the moderating effect of ethical climate in the relationship between perceived organizational support and workplace deviance. The crosssectional survey method was used to collect data. One hundred and seventy-seven (177) participants were recruited from a training institution, a human resource firm and an Information technology institution in Accra. They were administered questionnaires assessing perception of organizational support, perception of organisational ethical climate and workplace deviant behaviours. Data was analysed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. Results of the regression analysis showed a significant negative relationship between perceived organizational support and workplace deviance. Further, there was a significant negative relationship between caring climate and workplace deviance, and a significant positive relationship between instrumental climate and workplace deviance. The Moderating analysis showed that ethical climate moderate the relationship between perceived organizational support and workplace deviance. Further, the moderating analysis showed that rule climate does not moderate the relationship between perceived organisational support and workplace deviance. These findings imply that when employees perceive the organization to be supportive, they are less likely to engage in workplace deviance. It is therefore recommended that managers should incorporate caring, law and code climate in organizational support programmes to increase its effectiveness in restraining workplace deviance behaviors.