Browsing by Author "Annor, G.A."
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Item Crops - Legumes(Food Processing: Principles and Applications: Second Edition, 2014) Annor, G.A.; Ma, Z.; Boye, J.I.This chapter discusses the different processing technologies applied to legumes, which are grouped as traditional and modern processing technologies. The major traditional techniques used in the processing of legumes are soaking, dehulling, milling, boiling/cooking, roasting, pounding and grinding, frying, steaming, germination, fermentation, and popping. Modern processing technologies for legumes involve the use of sophisticated equipment and result in the mass production of products. Some of these technologies include extrusion cooking, high-pressure cooking, air classification, agglomeration, and canning. The chapter deals with some of these technologies as applied to the processing of legumes and their effects on the nutritional and physical characteristics of legumes. It concludes with a discussion on the ingredients obtained from legumes and the applications of legumes. A list of some of the potential and current applications of legume flours and fractions including pulses is presented.Item Evaluation of the international standardized 24-h dietary recall methodology (GloboDiet) for potential application in research and surveillance within African settings(Globalization and Health, 2017) Aglago, E.K.; Landais, E.; Nicolas, G.; Margetts, B.; Annor, G.A.; El Ati, J.; Coates, J.; Colaiezzi, B.; Compaore, E.; Delisle, H.; Faber, M.; Fungo, R.; El Hamdouchi, A.; Hounkpatin, W.A.; Konan, A.G.; Labzizi, S.; Ledo, J.; Mahachi, C.; Maruapula, S.D.; Mathe, N.; Mbabazi, M.; Mirembe, M.W.; Mizéhoun-Adissoda, C.; Nzi, C.D.; Pisa, P.T.; El Rhazi, K.; Zotor, F.; Slimani, N.Background: Collection of reliable and comparable individual food consumption data is of primary importance to better understand, control and monitor malnutrition and its related comorbidities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including in Africa. The lack of standardised dietary tools and their related research support infrastructure remains a major obstacle to implement concerted and region-specific research and action plans worldwide. Citing the magnitude and importance of this challenge, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) launched the "Global Nutrition Surveillance initiative" to pilot test the use of a standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet), validated in Europe, in other regions. In this regard, the development of the GloboDiet-Africa can be optimised by better understanding of the local specific methodological needs, barriers and opportunities. The study aimed to evaluate the standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet) as a possible common methodology for research and surveillance across Africa. Methods: A consultative panel of African and international experts in dietary assessment participated in six e-workshop sessions. They completed an in-depth e-questionnaire to evaluate the GloboDiet dietary methodology before and after participating in the e-workshop. Results: The 29 experts expressed their satisfaction on the potential of the software to address local specific needs when evaluating the main structure of the software, the stepwise approach for data collection and standardisation concept. Nevertheless, additional information to better describe local foods and recipes, as well as particular culinary patterns (e.g. mortar pounding), were proposed. Furthermore, food quantification in shared-plates and -bowls eating situations and interviewing of populations with low literacy skills, especially in rural settings, were acknowledged as requiring further specific considerations and appropriate solutions. Conclusions: An overall positive evaluation of the GloboDiet methodology by both African and international experts, supports the flexibility and potential applicability of this tool in diverse African settings and sets a positive platform for improved dietary monitoring and surveillance. Following this evaluation, prerequisite for future implementation and/or adaptation of GloboDiet in Africa, rigorous and robust capacity building as well as knowledge transfer will be required to roadmap a stepwise approach to implement this methodology across pilot African countries/regions. © 2017 The Author(s).Item Fruit physical characteristics, proximate, mineral and starch characterization of FHIA 19 and FHIA 20 plantain and FHIA 03 cooking banana hybrids(SpringerPlus, 2016-06) Annor, G.A.; Asamoah-Bonti, P.; Sakyi-Dawson, E.Cooking banana and plantain (Musa spp. AAB and ABB groups), have over the years been affected by pest and diseases, resulting in various organizations developing disease resistant hybrids with superior agronomic potential. The characteristics of these improved varieties needs to be studied to ascertain their suitability for use in various food systems. This study aimed at evaluating the physical characteristics, proximate and minerals composition, and characterizing the starch of plantain and a cooking banana hybrid release by Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA), and comparing them to a local landrace in Ghana. FHIA 19 and FHIA 20 plantain, Apentu pa (a local landrace) and FHIA 03 cooking banana hybrid were used for the study. Their physical characteristics, proximate and mineral composition were determined at the proximal, midsection and distal hand positions. Starch granules and cells were then examined under light microscope. Ranges obtained for protein content for FHIA 20, FHIA 03 and FHIA 19 were 3.01–3.40, 2.66–2.91 and 2.81–2.91 %. Potassium was found to be the most abundant mineral in all the cultivars. The highest mean value of 982.5–1013.76 mg/100 g was obtained for FHIA 19. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the proximate and mineral composition of the varieties, however no significant difference exited between the hand positions. The largest starch granule size was found in FHIA 19 hybrid. FHIA 03 was also composed predominantly of two types: longitudinal and rounded granules with each type grouped together. The new plantain hybrids compared very well with the local landrace hence making them suitable to be incorporated into local food systems. © 2016, The Author(s).Item Locally processed roasted-maize based weaning foods Fortified with legumes: factors affecting their availability and competitiveness in Accra, Ghana(African Journal of Food Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND) 9(9): 1945-1965, 2009) Nagai, T.; Staaz, J.M.; Bernsten, R.H.; Sakyi-Dawson, E.; Annor, G.A.Tom Brown (roasted-maize porridge) is one of the traditional weaning foods in Ghana. As an effort by the Ministry of Health to enhance the nutrient content of this low nutrient- density weaning food, a product called weanimix, which is Tom Brown fortified with legumes (cowpeas or soybeans and groundnuts), was introduced more than two decades ago. Cowpeas are an indigenous African legume, popularly used by Ghanaians for various traditional dishes. While soybeans are not traditionally used, they can easily be incorporated into local diets. Commercial weanimix-type products in ready-to-cook flour form are currently available mainly at supermarkets, which target higher-income consumers. This paper examined: (1) the competitiveness between cowpeas and soybeans as an ingredient in weanimix; and (2) constraints to making weanimix more widely available to lower-income families. Local food processors, weaning mothers, commercial custom millers, and retailers were interviewed for both qualitative and quantitative data. Secondary price data were collected from different sources including the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Descriptive analysis was carried out to address non-price factors of the issues, and enterprise budgeting and sensitivity analyses were conducted to address price factors. The study found that the higher price of cowpeas, compared to soybeans, is a minor factor in local processors’ choice between cowpeas and soybeans. Rather, the current overwhelmingly popular use of soybeans in the weanimix-type products among the respondents was attributed to non-price factors such as the perception that soybeans are more nutritious. A main reason for the lack of availability of weanimix for mothers from lower-income families appeared to be low awareness of the product among consumers. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that typical differences in prices currently observed between weanimix-type products and Tom Brown seems to be larger than the difference in the cost of production between these products. It was also shown that the level of processing and retail margins greatly affect the retail prices of weanimix. Weanimix could be made more available to lower-income consumers if local companies expanded their outlet for the product from supermarkets to small shops or if grain and flour-type product vendors in the local markets (who currently prepare and sell Tom Brown) produced and sold weanimix. However, actions would need to be taken to help assure consumers of the quality of the product sold through market vendors.Item Millet Minor: Overview(Elsevier Inc., 2015-12) Chandi, G.K.; Annor, G.A.Minor millets have been grown and utilized as food and fodder since ancient times. They are adapted to various soils and climates. Owing to their limited requirement for water and early maturity, they are commonly grown as catch crops in some regions. Porridge, gruel, flatbreads, pancakes, and fermented beverages have been the most common forms of millet foods. Among the nutritional benefits, the perceived hypoglycemic property made minor millets particularly popular and hence their use in the management of type II diabetes. Their hypoglycemic response could be attributed to the presence of polyphenols, soluble fiber, and starch-protein-lipid interactions. Decortication results in significant reduction in these components, causing an increase in the expected glycemic index of millets. The wide climatic adaptability and the regional economic importance of the untapped genetic resources of millets give them the potential to be exploited in the resolution of food security issues of poor rural communities of the world.Item Mineral And Phytate Contents Of Some Prepared Popular Ghanaian Foods(Springer Plus, 2016) Annor, G.A.; Debrah, K.T.; Essen, A.Prepared Ghanaian traditional foods, mostly consist of starchy staples such as yams (Dioscorea spp.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) etc. These traditional foods are a main source of energy and macronutrients. Little or no information however exist on the mineral and phytate contents of prepared traditional Ghanaian foods. The mineral and phytate contents of twenty commonly eaten Ghanaian foods, prepared using popular recipes were analysed for their Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ca, Na and K as well as phytate contents after foods were dried. Sodium was high in most of the foods, ranging from 557 mg/100 g for Akple with okro soup, to 193.7 for Kooko and bread. Boiled cowpeas with fried plantain was found to contain the highest amount of potassium (409.0 mg/100 g) followed by konkonte with groundnut soup (384.7 mg/100 g). Kooko with bread recorded the lowest potassium content of 131.72 mg/100 g. Konkonte with palm-nut soup and also with groundnut soup were among the foods found to contain high amounts of iron (14.1 mg/100 g and 13.2 mg/100 g respectively). All the foods were very good sources of minerals and will significantly contribute to the mineral intakes of consumers; however, their sodium contents were of concern.