Browsing by Author "Airhihenbuwa, C.O."
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Item Academic promotion policies and equity in global health collaborations(The Lancet, 2018-11) Hedt-Gauthier, B.; Airhihenbuwa, C.O.; Bawah, A.A.; Burke, K.S.; Cherian, T.; Connelly, M.T.; Hibberd, P.L.; Ivers, L.C.; Jerome, J.G.; Kateera, F.et.al.When global health researchers in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) collaborate with academics in high-income countries (HICs), these partnerships often result in disproportionate benefits for the HIC researchers who gain more opportunities for authorship, more prominent authorship positions, more opportunities to present at conferences, and more funding for administrative and student support for LMIC colleagues. This inequity gap persists despite existing guidelines for good collaborative practice and repeated calls to improve global health research partnerships.1 Models for equitable collaborations differ from country to country and team to team, depending on the experience and empowerment of the LMIC researchers and training institutes, research infrastructure, the length of collaborations, and the amount of funding available for research and training. However, the absence of an optimal model should not be an excuse for poor collaborative dynamics.Item Ethnicity: Theories, International Perspectives and Challenges(New York : Nova Science Publisher's, Inc, 2013-01) Agyemang, C.; Airhihenbuwa, C.O.; Aikins, A.D.-G.Increasing globalisation and technology has made the modern world more interconnected and interdependent than ever before in human history. These shared connections and dependencies have naturally led to increasing internal and international migration in recent times. As a result, many countries today are ethnically and culturally diverse. This new world order of ethnic and cultural diversity has rewards including the enhancement of the well-being of both migrants and the host populations. Immigration is essential for some societies to make up for the falling population growth and skill shortages while at the same time playing a crucial role in émigrés supporting their home communities for social and economic developments through remittances. Migration also poses several challenges for both migrants and the host populations. Among many challenges facing migrants include issues of integration, identity, language difficulties, acceptability or discrimination, and access to social and health care services. For the host populations, the complex nature of modern migration flows with varied groups poses extra challenges in meeting the needs and addressing the well-being of all subgroups in the population. This book addresses some of the important processes associated with migration and their relation to health outcomes from an international perspective.Item Exposure to Air Pollution and Tobacco Smoking and Their Combined Effects on Depression in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries(British Journal of Psychiatry, 2017-07) Lin, H.; Guo, Y.; Kowal, P.; Airhihenbuwa, C.O.; Di, Q.; Zheng, Y.; Zhao, X.; Vaughn, M.G.; Howard, S.; Schootman, M.; Salinas-Rodriguez, A.; Yawson, A.E.; Arokiasamy, P.; Manrique-Espinoza, B.S.; Biritwum, R.B.; Minicuci, N.; Rule, S.P.; Naidoo, N.; Chatterji, S.; Qian, Z.; Ma, W.; Wu, F.Background Little is known about the joint mental health effects of air pollution and tobacco smoking in low- and middle-income countries.AimsTo investigate the effects of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and smoking and their combined (interactive) effects on depression.Method Multilevel logistic regression analysis of baseline data of a prospective cohort study (n=4l785). The 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 were estimated using US National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite data, and depression was diagnosed using a standardised questionnaire. Three-level logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations with depression.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for depression was 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.17) per 10μg/m(3) increase in ambient PM2.5, and the association remained after adjusting for potential confounding factors (adjusted OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19). Tobacco smoking (smoking status, frequency, duration and amount) was also significantly associated with depression. There appeared to be a synergistic interaction between ambient PM2.5 and smoking on depression in the additive model, but the interaction was not statistically significant in the multiplicative model.Conclusions Our study suggests that exposure to ambient PM2.5 may increase the risk of depression, and smoking may enhance this effect.Item Prevalence, determinants and systems-thinking approaches to optimal hypertension control in West Africa(Global Health, 2014-05-21) Iwelunmor, J.; Airhihenbuwa, C.O.; Cooper, R.; Tayo, B.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Adanu, R.; Ogedegbe, G.In West Africa, hypertension, once rare, has now emerged as a critical health concern and the trajectory is upward and factors are complex. The true magnitude of hypertension in some West African countries, including in-depth knowledge of underlying risk factors is not completely understood. There is also a paucity of research on adequate systems-level approaches designed to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension in the region. Aims: In this review, we thematically synthesize available literature pertaining to the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa and discuss factors that influence its diagnosis, treatment and control. We aimed to address the social and structural determinants influencing hypertension in the sub-region including the effects of urbanization, health infrastructure and healthcare workforce. Findings: The prevalence of hypertension in West Africa has increased over the past decade and is rising rapidly with an urban-rural gradient that places higher hypertension prevalence on urban settings compared to rural settings. Overall levels of awareness of one's hypertension status remain consistently low in West African. Structural and economic determinants related to conditions of poverty such as insufficient finances have a direct impact on adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications. Urbanization contributes to the increasing incidence of hypertension in the sub-region and available evidence indicates that inadequate health infrastructure may act as a barrier to optimal hypertension control in West Africa. Conclusion: Given that optimal hypertension control in West Africa depends on multiple factors that go beyond simply modifying the behaviors of the individuals alone, we conclude by discussing the potential role systems-thinking approaches can play to achieve optimal control in the sub-region. In the context of recent advances in hypertension management including new therapeutic options and innovative solutions to expand health workforce so as to meet the high demand for healthcare, the success of these strategies will rely on a new understanding of the complexity of human behaviors and interactions most aptly framed from a systems-thinking perspective. © 2014 Iwelunmor et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Item Prevalence, determinants and systems-thinking approaches to optimal hypertension control in West Africa(2014-05-21) Iwelunmor, J.; Airhihenbuwa, C.O.; Cooper, R.; Tayo, B.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Adanu, R.; Ogedegbe, G.Abstract Background In West Africa, hypertension, once rare, has now emerged as a critical health concern and the trajectory is upward and factors are complex. The true magnitude of hypertension in some West African countries, including in-depth knowledge of underlying risk factors is not completely understood. There is also a paucity of research on adequate systems-level approaches designed to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension in the region. Aims In this review, we thematically synthesize available literature pertaining to the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa and discuss factors that influence its diagnosis, treatment and control. We aimed to address the social and structural determinants influencing hypertension in the sub-region including the effects of urbanization, health infrastructure and healthcare workforce. Findings The prevalence of hypertension in West Africa has increased over the past decade and is rising rapidly with an urban-rural gradient that places higher hypertension prevalence on urban settings compared to rural settings. Overall levels of awareness of one’s hypertension status remain consistently low in West African. Structural and economic determinants related to conditions of poverty such as insufficient finances have a direct impact on adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications. Urbanization contributes to the increasing incidence of hypertension in the sub-region and available evidence indicates that inadequate health infrastructure may act as a barrier to optimal hypertension control in West Africa. Conclusion Given that optimal hypertension control in West Africa depends on multiple factors that go beyond simply modifying the behaviors of the individuals alone, we conclude by discussing the potential role systems-thinking approaches can play to achieve optimal control in the sub-region. In the context of recent advances in hypertension management including new therapeutic options and innovative solutions to expand health workforce so as to meet the high demand for healthcare, the success of these strategies will rely on a new understanding of the complexity of human behaviors and interactions most aptly framed from a systems-thinking perspective.