Browsing by Author "Adjabeng, M.J."
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Item Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Shai-Osudoku and Ningo-Prampram Districts in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana(University of Ghana, 2017-07) Adjabeng, M.J.Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) result in a large public health burden worldwide, especially in developing countries. The populations at greatest risk for developing fatal respiratory infections are the very young, the aged, and the immunocompromised. In developing countries, 30% of all patient consultation and 25% of all paediatric admissions are ARIs. In the Shai-Osudoku (SO) and Ningo-Prampram (NP) districts, ARls have continuously ranked second in the top ten causes of morbidity for hospital attendance. Despite the availability of influenza vaccines, Ghana and other West African countries are yet to establish routine immunization policies due to limited information. This study sought to determine the risk factors of ARls by investigating the characteristics of patients with respiratory illness in the two districts. Methods: A health facility-based case-control study was conducted among residents of Shai-Osudoku (SO) and Ningo-Prampram (NP) Districts. Prospective cases were selected from a facility-based surveillance on Acute Respiratory Infections which captured Influenzalike Illness and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection syndromes in residents of SO and NP Districts from April to November 2016. One hundred and forty-seven influenza viruspositive case-patients and 294 influenza virus-negative control-patients were identified to assess the risk factors of influenza among Influenza-like Illness patients. The study also investigated factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) by identifying 134 SARI patients and 402 out-patients with non-respiratory illness as controls. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. A purposive selection logistic regression was used for the adjusted modelling. Results: The study identified Influenza A(H3N2) and Influenza B subtypes as the predominant circulating influenza viruses in the two districts from March to November of 2016. Study participants had poor knowledge on the causes and prevention of acute respiratory illness. The Osudoku Health Centre in Shai-Osudoku district reported the highest proportion (29.9%, p = 0.01) of influenza-positive III cases. The crude analysis had the highest odds of an influenza-positive infection in the 5 to <15 years age group (OR:7.80; 95%CI: 2.52 - 24.12). Factors associated with influenza virus infection among Ills were Chills (aOR:4.57; 95%CI: l.51 - 13.76) and a recent travel history in past 2 weeks (aOR:3.05; 95%CI: 1.07 - 8.73). For SARI, Males were more at risk (OR:2.13; 95%CI: 1.40 - 3.23). Just as has been found in some studies, the less than 5-year group formed the majority (42.5%; pItem Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens of Diarrhoea in Two Selected Sub Metros Within the Accra Metropolis(Ghana Medical Journal, 2015-06) Dzotsi, E.K.; Dongdem, A.Z.; Boateng, G.; Antwi, L.; Owusu-Okyere, G.; Nartey, D.B.; Olu-Taiwo, M.; Adjabeng, M.J.; Amankwa, J.; Sarkodie, B.; Addo, J.; Antwi, E.; Aryee, E.; Opintan, J.A.In recent years, many localities within the Greater Accra Region (GAR) have witnessed several episodes of cholera outbreaks, with some deaths. Compared to previous epidemics, which usually followed heavy rains, recent outbreaks show no seasonality. To investigate infective bacterial diseases in selected sub metros within the GAR. We used existing disease surveillance systems in Ghana, and investigated all reported cases of diarrhoea that met our case-definition. A three-day training workshop was done prior to the start of study, to sensitize prescribers at the Korle-Bu Polyclinic and Maamobi General hospital. A case-based investigation form was completed per patient, and two rectal swabs were taken for culture at the National Public Health and Reference Laboratory. Serotyping and antibiogram profiles of identified bacteria were determined. Potential risk factors were also assessed using a questionnaire. Between January and June 2012, a total of 361 diarrhoeal cases with 5 deaths were recorded. Out of a total of 218 rectal swabs cultured, 71 (32.6%) Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotypes, and 1 (0.5%) Salmonella (O group B) were laboratory confirmed. No Shigella was isolated. The Vibrio cholerae isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Greater than 80% of patients reported having drank sachet water 24 h prior to diarrhoea onset, and many (144/361) young adults (20-29 years) reported with diarrhoea. Enhanced surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases (enteric pathogens) within cholera endemic regions, will serve as an early warning signal, and reduce fatalities associated with infective diarrhoea. (PDF) Surveillance of Bacterial Pathogens of Diarrhoea in Two Selected Sub Metros Within the Accra Metropolis. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281031544_Surveillance_of_Bacterial_Pathogens_of_Diarrhoea_in_Two_Selected_Sub_Metros_Within_the_Accra_Metropolis [accessed Sep 18 2018].