Browsing by Author "Ademola, A.D."
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Item Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and Renal Function in Children With CKD Enrolled in H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network(Kidney International Reports, 2019-08-06) Osafo, C.; Sood, S.; Ojo, A.O.; Adu, D.; Kannan, K.; Ghassabian, A.; Koshy, T.; Vento, S.M.; Pehrson, L.J.; Gilbert, J.F.; Arogundade, F.A.; Ademola, A.D.; Salako, B.O.; Raji, Y.; Antwi, S.; Trachtman, H.; Trasande, L.The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing at an accelerated pace in countries with limited health resources compared to developed countries. 1 There is a need for more studies of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of CKD in pediatric populations in sub-Saharan Africa, where risk factors are common.2 Perflouroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of synthetic chemicals with a fluorinated hydrophobic linear carbon chain attached to hydrophilic heads, are characterized by resistance to thermal, chemical, and biological degradation.3 They are used in household products such as cookware, clothing, sofas, and carpets to make them stain resistant, waterproof, and nonstick. 3,S1 Exposure occurs through diet, dust, tap or bottled drinking water, and inhalation.3,4,S2-S5 PFASs are detected in serum from over 98% of a studied sample of the US population aged 12 to 60 years.4,S6 Children have elevated serum PFAS concentrations compared to adultsItem Factors Associated with Medication Nonadherence among Hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria(International Journal of Hypertension, 2015-10) Boima, V.; Ademola, A.D.; Odusola, A.O.; Agyekum, F.; Nwafor, C.E.; Cole, H.; Salako, B.L.; Ogedegbe, G.; Tayo, B.O.Background. Blood pressure (BP) control is poor among hypertensives in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. A potentially modifiable factor for control of BP is medication nonadherence (MNA); our study therefore aimed to determine factors associated with MNA among hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria. Methodology. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study. Patients were recruited from Korle-Bu Hospital (n=120), Ghana; and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, (n=73) Apapa General Hospital Lagos (n=79) and University College Hospital Ibadan (n=85), Nigeria. Results. 357 hypertensive patients (42.6% males) participated. MNA was found in 66.7%. Adherence showed correlation with depression (r=-0.208, P<0.001), concern about medications (r=-0.0347, P=0.002), and knowledge of hypertension (r=0.14, P=0.006). MNA was associated with formal education (P=0.001) and use of herbal preparation (P=0.014). MNA was found in 61.7% of uninsured participants versus 73.1% of insured participants (P=0.032). Poor BP control was observed in 69.7% and there was significant association between MNA and poor BP control (P=0.006). Conclusion. MNA is high among hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria and is associated with depression, concern about hypertensive medications, formal education, and use of herbal preparations. The negative association between health insurance and MNA suggests interplay of other factors and needs further investigation. © 2015 Vincent Boima et al.Item HIV Viremia Is Associated With APOL1 Variants and Reduced JC-Viruria(FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE, 2021) Kruzel-Davila, E.; Sankofi, B.M.; Amos-Abanyie, E.K.; Ghansah, A.; Nyarko, A.; Agyemang, S.; Awandare, G.A.; Ghansah, A.; Szwarcwort-Cohen, M.; Reiner-Benaim, A.; Hijazi, B.; Ulasi, I.; Raji, Y.R.; Boima, V.; Osafo, C.; Adabayeri, V.M.; Matekole, M.; Olanrewaju, T.O.; Ajayi, S.; Mamven, M.; Antwi, S.; Ademola, A.D.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Arogundade, F.; Akyaw, P.A.; . Winkler, C.A.; Salako, B.L.; Ojo, A.; Skorecki, K.; Adu, D.; H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network InvestigatorsVariants in the Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene (G1-rs60910145, rs73885319, G2-rs71785313) are common in Africans and in individuals of recent African ancestry and are associated with an increased risk of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in particular of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In light of the significantly increased risk of HIVAN in carriers of two APOL1 risk alleles, a role in HIV infectivity has been postulated in the mechanism of APOL1 associated kidney disease. Herein, we aim to explore the association between HIV viremia and APOL1 genotype. In addition, we investigated interaction between BK and JC viruria, CKD and HIV viremia. A total of 199 persons living with HIV/AIDS (comprising 82 CKD cases and 117 controls) from among the participants in the ongoing Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Kidney Disease Research Network case control study have been recruited. The two APOL1 renal risk alleles (RRA) genotypes were associated with a higher risk of CKD (OR 12.6, 95% CI 3.89–40.8, p < 0.0001). Even a single APOL1 RRA was associated with CKD risk (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.49–13.15, p = 0.007). The 2 APOL1 RRA genotypes were associated with an increased probability of having HIV viremia (OR 2.37 95% CI 1.0–5.63, p = 0.05). HIV viremia was associated with increased CKD risk (OR 7.45, 95% CI 1.66–33.35, P = 0.009) and with a significant reduction of JC virus urine shedding (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98, p = 0.046). In contrast to prior studies, JC viruria was not associated with CKD but was restricted in patients with HIV viremia, regardless of CKD status. These findings suggest a role of APOL1 variants in HIV infectivity and emphasize that JC viruria can serve as biomarker for innate immune system activation.Item Research capacity. Enabling the genomic revolution in Africa(Science, 2014-06) Rotimi, C.; Abayomi, A.; Abimiku, A.; Adabayeri, V.M.; Adebamowo, C.; Adebiyi, E.; Ademola, A.D.; Adeyemo, A.; Adu, D.; Affolabi, D.; Akarolo-Anthony, S.; Akpalu, A.; Ameni, G.; Donkor, P.; Ghansah, A.Our understanding of genome biology, genomics, and disease, and even hu-man history, has advanced tremen-dously with the completion of the Human Genome Project. Technologi-cal advances coupled with significant cost reductions in genomic research have yielded novel insights into disease etiol-ogy, diagnosis, and therapy for some of the world's most intractable and devastat-ing diseases—including ma-laria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, cancer, and diabetes. Yet, de-spite the burden of infectious diseases and, more recently, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa, Africans have only par-ticipated minimally in genomics research. Of the thousands of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that have been conducted globally, only seven (for HIV susceptibility, malaria, tuberculosis, and podoconiosis) have been conducted exclusively on Afri-can participants; four others (for prostate cancer, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anthropometry) included some African participants (www.genome.gov/gwastudies/). As discussed in 2011 (www.h3africa.org), if the dearth of genomics research involving Africans persists, the potential health and economic benefits emanating from genomic science may elude an entire continent. The lack of large-scale genomics studies in Africa is the result of many deep-seated issues, including a shortage of African scien-tists with genomic research expertise, lack of biomedical research infrastructure, lim-ited computational expertise and resources, lack of adequate support for biomedical research by African governments, and the participation of many African scientists in collaborative research at no more than the level of sample collection. Overcoming these limitations will, in part, depend on African Enabling the genomic revolution in Africa By The H3Africa Consortium * H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa Yet, roughly a decade ago, newly pro-posed DNA-based taxonomy (11) promised to solve the species debate. A Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) (12) quickly emerged, seeking to provide a reliable, cost-effective solution to the problem of species identification (12) and a standard screening threshold of sequence differ-ence (10× average intraspecific difference) to speed the discovery of new animal spe-cies (13). Sometimes considered a "carica-ture of real taxonomy" (14), this approach failed to identify, perhaps not surprisingly, two American crow species and a number of members of the herring gull Larus ar-gentatus species assemblage above the set threshold (13). Furthermore, despite past (3) and present (6) sequencing projects, carrion crows and hooded crows can also not be differentiated from one another by means of DNA-barcode approaches. By contrast, Poelstra et al. show that much more DNA sequencing data are needed, combined with RNA expression data, to reconstruct the evolution of a reproductive barrier that culminated in the speciation of these two crow taxa. Armed with this new very detailed genetic informa-tion, it is clear that none of the currently formulated species concepts fully apply to these two crow taxa (unless one is willing relax some stringency in the various definitions). In-deed, the genomes of German carrion crows are much more similar to those of hooded crows than to Spanish car-rion crows. Put simply, apart from the few carrion crow type "speciation islands," German carrion crows could be con-sidered to represent hooded crows with a black (carrion crow) phenotype. There is a clear need for ad-ditional population genomic studies using a more dense sampling, especially among the fully black carrion crows, before the complexity of repro-ductive isolation and speciation among these two taxa can be fully understood. The specia-tion genomics strategy already proved itself in unraveling the complexities of mimicry among many Heliconius butterfly taxa (7) and, as in the study of Poelstra et al., stresses the im-portance of using RNA-based information in addition to DNA. Only time will tell if, and when, German carrion crows will adopt the "hooded phenotype," a fate that seems un-avoidable. Until then, we can only applaud these crows for defeating Linnaeus's curse.