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UGSpace is the institutional repository of the University of Ghana. UGSpace is an open access electronic archive for the collection, preservation and distribution of digital materials to:
- facilitate the deposit of digital content of a scholarly or heritage nature
- and ultimately share, preserve and promote the intellectual output of the University in a managed environment.
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- Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.
- Grey literature consists of research and information produced outside conventional publishing channels, such as reports, policy briefs, working papers, and conference materials. It offers valuable insights and data that complement peer-reviewed sources, supporting research, policy, and practice.
- The J. H. Kwabena Nketia Archives preserve Ghanaian and African cultural heritage through music, oral traditions, photographs, and audiovisual collections. Guided by Professor Nketia’s vision that African traditional arts must be collected, preserved, practiced, and continually inspire creative expression, the Archives serve as a living resource for scholarship, teaching, and innovation
Recent Submissions
Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Performance Evaluation of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System Using the Cirs Thorax Phantom.(University of Ghana, 2024) Akrobotu, C. K.Treatment Planning System (TPS) authentication is essential for ensuring accurate dose calculations in radiotherapy. This study verified the Varian Eclipse TPS algorithm using a CIRS Thorax phantom, for a 6MV photon beam in conformal radiotherapy. A CT stimulator was used to scan the phantom, and TPS was used to plan eight distinct irradiation geometries simulating conformal radiotherapy. Dose measurements were taken using ionization chambers, and The differences between the measured and computed dosages were examined. The findings demonstrate the variation between measured doses and calculated doses by the TPS were 1.57% and 3.88% respectively within the acceptance criteria of ±5%. The TPS consistently delivered accurate dose calculations even under complex conditions such as oblique incidences and blocked fields. The CT to electron density conversion assessment all measured values within the acceptance criteria of ±20HU.The study validates the Varian Eclipse TPS algorithms’s precision in dose delivery ensuring patient safety. The CIRS Thorax phantom proved competent for the routine TPS verification.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Development And Evaluation Of Gluten-Free Rice Bread Formulated With Hydrocolloid-Protein Additive Systems(Food and Humanity, 2025-12-09) Mensah, P.O.; Tutu, C.O.; Akonor, P.A.; Bempah, J.O.; Asiedu, B.K.; Adusei, H.O.; Saalia, F.K.The structural and sensory limitations of gluten-free bread remain a major challenge in baking, particularly in formulations based on rice flour. This study explored the effects of xanthan gum, egg powder and gelatin powder, both individually and in combination, on the rheological behaviour, structural quality and sensory acceptability of gluten-free rice bread. Five formulations (F1-F5) were developed, with F1 serving as the control. Key quality parameters, thus, including dough firmness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, loaf volume, specific volume, bread density, moisture content, crumb texture, crust appearance and sensory attributes, were evaluated. The formulation containing all three additives (F5) exhibited the best performance across nearly all metrics. F5 recorded the highest loaf volume (1295.7 ± 21.8 cm³), the lowest bread density (0.48 ± 0.02 g/cm³), the highest moisture content (36.8 ± 0.5 %) and the most preferred crust appearance (L* value = 42.3 ± 1.1; score = 8.0 ± 0.4). Rheological properties also showed significant enhancement, with F5 displaying the highest dough firmness (275.3 ± 4.2 g) and cohesiveness (93.1 ± 2.6). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed strong positive correlations between F5 and key quality indicators such as crumb texture, overall acceptability and consistency. Mechanistic interpretation suggested that xanthan gum improved dough viscosity and water retention, egg powder contributed protein coagulation during baking and gelatin enhanced elasticity and moisture stabilisation. These synergistic effects resulted in gluten-free bread with structural, sensory and visual characteristics that closely approximate wheat-based bread. The results provide a strong formulation strategy for producing high-quality gluten-free bread with improved consumer appeal and functionalityItem type:Item, Access status: Open Access , The Prevalence of Prediabetes and Its Risk Factors Among Adults in Selected Communities in Accra.(University of Ghana, 2025) Kweku, A-B. A.Introduction/Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue, with cases projected to surge from 180,000,000 in 1980 to over 693,000,000 by 2045. Prediabetes precedes a full blown type 2 diabetes which must be diagnosed early and take appropriate measures. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adults ≥18 years of age (n = 360). Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using glucometer. Sociodemographic variables, behavioral patterns, dietary intakes, anthropometric measures and clinical indicators were collected. Logistic regression was employed to estimate associations between all variables and prediabetes status. Results: The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes was 26.7% and 29.4% respectively. Results showed significant correlations between prediabetes and sociodemographic factors such as female sex (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.02-4.59) age group 40-59 years (OR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.10-8.32) and being single (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.05-6.43). Behavioural factors including salt consumption (AOR: 6.25, 95% CI: 1.69-23.02), smoking (AOR: 10.14, 95% CI: 1.21-111.03), caffeine consumption (AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.53-11.88), low physical activity (AOR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.83-7.89) and high stress levels (AOR: 8.29, 95% CI: 3.30-20.80) were significantly associated with prediabetes. Dietary factors including increased consumption of starchy foods (AOR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.74 7.58), animal-sourced foods (AOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.36-4.86), fats and oils (AOR: 5.87, 95% CI: 2.76-12.51), legumes (AOR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.23-6.11), and confectionaries (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.19-5.23) were significantly associated with prediabetes. Participants with BMI over 25 (AOR: 4.55, 95% CI: 2.12-18.11), high mean arterial pressure (AOR: 4.21, 95% CI: 1.50 11.81) and stage 1 hypertension (AOR: 6.74, 95% CI: 1.50-30.29) showed significant association with prediabetes. Conclusion: This shows an unacceptably high prevalence of the condition with significant factors identified. Targeted public health interventions to mitigate the risk and prevalence of prediabetes are needed.Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , Guava,Internal Transcribed Spacer Region,Lasiodiplodia Pseudotheobromae, Phylogenetics,Translation Elongation Gene(Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025-12-09) Yadav, A.; Gyamfi, B.A.; Agozie, D.Q.; Asongu, S.A.Southeast Asian economies are richly endowed with natural resources, yet the link between resource abundance and financial development remains complex and contested. This study explores the heterogeneous impact of different types of natural resource rents on financial development across five Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, over the period 1995 to 2021. Using a multi method empirical strategy that integrates Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), threshold regression, and quantile-based techniques, the analysis captures nonlinearities, distributional shifts, and institutional moderating effects within the resource-finance nexus. The results reveal that forest rents exert a positive and statistically significant effect on financial development, particularly at the median quantile and in economies with higher renewable energy adoption. In contrast, mineral and natural gas rents are negatively associated with credit expansion, especially in countries with weaker financial systems, suggesting the presence of a financial resource curse. Institutional quality and renewable energy consumption play crucial moderating roles by attenuating the adverse effects of rent dependency while enhancing financial sector efficiency. Efficiency estimates highlight Indonesia and the Philippines as regional frontrunners in transforming resource wealth into productive credit allocation. The study recommends integrating forest rents into green finance frameworks, strengthening governance mechanisms, and designing resource-sensitive financial deepening strategies. Overall, the findings offer timely insights to inform policy frameworks aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 9Item type:Item, Access status: Open Access , 5% Ibuprofen Iontophoresis Compared with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Feasibility Study(Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2014-10-08) Bello, A.I.; Kuwornu , S.Objective: The study compared the inclusions of 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and Trans- cutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Subjects and Methods: Patients diagnosed with knee OA and referred for physiotherapy at a tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana participated in the study. They were alternately assigned into either TENS or iontophoresis groups. Patients in TENS Group received conventional TENS mode while those in iontophoresis group were treated with 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis using galvanic electrical current. Both protocols were performed twice weekly for six weeks in addition to their prescribed therapeutic exercises. 15-minute walking time, Numerical Rating Scale and Goniometer were used as the main outcome measures to determine subjects’ walking speed, pain and active range of motion (AROM) respectively. Treatment evaluation was performed at baseline, week 3 and week 6 by an independent assessor. Comparisons of variables within and between groups were tested using Friedman’s mean rank and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively at p < 0.05. Results: Participants in both groups were not significantly different in age (p = 0.460), height (p = 0.548) and weight (p = 0.810). Significant improvements were recorded for walking speed (p = 0.001), pain (p = 0.001) and AROM (p = 0.001) of the subjects within groups. However, between group comparison of the treatment variables showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) for all the outcome measures. Conclusion: 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and TENS add equal therapeutic value in the management of knee OA. Consideration of both modalities as adjuncts to therapeutic exercises is therefore worthwhile for managing the condition.