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UGSpace is the institutional repository of the University of Ghana. UGSpace is an open access electronic archive for the collection, preservation and distribution of digital materials.
- facilitate the deposit of digital content of a scholarly or heritage nature
- and ultimately share, preserve and promote the intellectual output of the University in a managed environment.
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- Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.
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Recent Submissions
Assessing the Impact of Training of Beekeepers on The Productivity of the Apiculture Industry in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana
(University of Ghana, 2023) Nyikplorkpo, P.D.K.
This study sought to assess the impact of training of beekeepers on the productivity of the
apiculture industry in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana. Specifically, the study analyzed the
factors that influence participation in beekeeping training programmemes, evaluated the impact of
training programmemes on the productivity of beekeepers and examined the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of beekeeping. The study used descriptive statistics to
measure factors that influence participation in beekeeping training while propensity score
matching was used to determine the productivity of beekeepers in the study area. The study further
employed the SWOT analytical tool to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats of beekeeping. A structured questionnaire, interviews, field visits and focus group
discussions were employed to gather data for the study. A multistage sampling technique was used
to select two hundred and ten (210) respondents comprising ninety-eight (98) trained and one
hundred and twelve (112) formally untrained beekeepers. The study was conducted in six
districts/municipalities in the Volta region and two districts from Oti region. STATA Version 15
was used to analyse objectives one and two while a radar chart in excel was used to analyse
objective three. It was observed that gender, educational level and number of members of
household in beekeeping influenced participation in beekeeping trainings. Whereas males and
those with high education were found to be less likely to participate in trainings, household
members in beekeeping was found to increase participation in training. The result from the
Nearness Neighbor Matching based on the ATT suggests that on average, participation in a
beekeeping training programmeme increased productivity measured in gallons/beehives by
1471.96. However, by applying the same matching method (nearest matching method) on the ATE
(i.e on the entire population comprising both trained and untrained groups), the productivity was found to increase by only 0.421. This means that training programmemes in beekeeping drives an
increase in productivity of beekeeping than other demographic characteristics such as age, gender,
marital status, educational level and years of experience. The training programmemes afforded the
beekeepers opportunity to enhance their knowledge, skills and attitudes towards the business. The
study found that natural, human and economic resources that support beekeeping abound in the
study area. Beekeeping is promoting the sustenance of biodiversity in the study area. Among the
weaknesses of beekeeping is the absence of definite policy in place to guide and give direction to
the beekeeping sector in the country in general and the study area in particular. Also, there are no
well organized and strong beekeeping associations both at regional, district and local levels to help
drive the beekeeping business. There is also a lack of institutional support for the beekeeping sector
and this is a weakness to beekeeping. Among opportunities available for the development of
beekeeping is the presence of some training institutions such as the Ohawu Agricultural College
and the Adidome Farm Institute in the study area to offer training in beekeeping to interested
people. Beekeepers have come out with improved borrasus hives fitted with topbars in place of
the borrasus log hives. Threats identified included the continuous use of traditional honey
extractors despite the benefits associated with improved beekeeping technology and the menace
of bushfires that destroy beehives, bee habitat and fora. The study concludes generally that for the
beekeeping sector to strategically function as a profitable venture, training programmemes in new
methods of beekeeping should be made a topmost priority. More training programmemes for
beekeepers is recommended for the enhancement of their skills, attitudes and competence.
The Use of Caffeine Citrate in the Management of Neonatal Apnea in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Rapid Systematic Review.
(Health Science Reports, 2025-01-27) Amponsah, S.K.; Nartey, C.M.; Ofori, E.K.
Background and Aims: Caffeine citrate is an example of a methylxanthine approved for managing apnea of prematurity
(AOP). However, there is limited evidence of its use in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This rapid systematic review
aims to appraise the literature on using caffeine citrate in managing neonatal apnea in LMICs.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on literature reporting the treatment of AOP in LMICs. The search was based on a
population, intervention, comparison, and outcome format using medical subject heading terms. The PRISMA and PRISMA extension
for scoping reviews guidelines were meticulously followed. PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus were among the bibliographic
databases searched. Initially, 2638 articles were identified based on the keywords used. However, after eliminating duplicates and
implementing advanced options (only full‐text, language, and year), the articles were further screened by abstract and title, ensuring a
rigorous selection process.
Results: The evaluation of 10 studies involving 1010 preterm infants provided compelling evidence. Our findings demonstrated that
caffeine citrate, compared to aminophylline, had fewer adverse effects. The adverse effects, including feeding intolerance, tachycardia,
central nervous system derailment, and hyperglycemia, were significantly reduced with caffeine citrate. Furthermore, data from the
included studies revealed that caffeine citrate had a lower risk of recurrent apnea and was less likely to fall out of the recommended
therapeutic range than aminophylline. These results unequivocally establish caffeine citrate's safety, efficacy, and cost‐effectiveness in
treating prematurity apnea in LMICs, providing a reliable and beneficial intervention for neonatal care in these regions.
Conclusion: Caffeine may be a preferred option in managing AOP in LMICs. However, high drug prices and lack of availability
of caffeine may be factors limiting its use in these settings.
Determinants of Demand for Cesarean Section Delivery at the Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal Assembly (LEKMA) Hospital
(University of Ghana, 2023) Akrofi-Addo, N.P.
The rise in caesarean section births has been a major source of concern for public health officials
around the world. In most countries, the caesarean section rate (CSR) has gone above the World
Health Organization's (WHO) recommended range of 10–16%. The Ghana Demographic and
Health Survey, 2016-2021, Greater Accra region had the highest rate of Cesarean section(CS)
deliveries (30%). Ledzokuku Municipal Assembly (LEMA) Hospital serving more clients. The
specific objectives of the study were to: determine the proportion of Cesarean Section Rate (CSR)
among mothers at LEKMA hospital and to assess factors associated with the demand for Cesarean
Section delivery. The study design was an analytical cross-sectional study and the mixed method
approach was used, to quantitatively and qualitatively generate primary and secondary data for
analysis. The study population included mothers visiting the antenatal and post-natal care and
health managers of the facility. A sample size of 374 of which 40 women attending the antenatal
and postnatal clinic at the facility were interviewed and questionnaire was administered to 30
health managers. The inferential analysis was used to determine the predictors of the demand for
CS. Over one-third of mothers 34% (130) were between 26-30 years of age and were married. In
addition, 36% (136) of mothers were traders, hairdressers/seamstress and artisans. Also, less than
one-third 27% (101) of mothers had secondary level education. The proportion of cesarean
sections were 61% (55) elective with maternal conditions due to fetal conditions constituting 35%
(39). Availability of obstetrician or gynecologist and maternal condition were found to be key
determinants for the rise in CS at the facility. The study concludes that the rate of Cesarean
Sections is 6 times the recommended and acceptable level of
CS by the World Health
Organization and the factors that influence the rise in CS rate at the facility are due to maternal conditions. Efforts should be made to improve services that would improve upon vaginal
deliveries.
Difficulté De La Prise De Parole En Classe De Flé : Le Cas Des Lycéens À Mpraeso Senior High School Et New Abirem/Afosu Senior High School
(University of Ghana, 2023) Toah-Boantwi, O.
Successful language learning requires a substantial mastery of four (4) language
competencies which includes oral expression. By extension, the mastery of oral expression
requires constant practice and speaking in class in the target language. To this end, some authors
have well documented and proven that all humans have the innate ability to speak, however, the
ability to rightly use a foreign language necessitates the mastery of the language competences. The
purpose of this research is to study the challenges of students of the French language at Bepong
Senior High School in speaking French during and after lessons, considering their multilingual
background.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods is employed through questionnaires and
interviews, conducted on a convenient sample of students of the French language in SHS 2 and
SHS 3 classes in two (2) Senior High Schools in Ghana, whose objective is to; 1) Identify the
causes of hesitation among the students in speaking French. 2) Identify the effects of this inability
on the teaching and learning of French. 3) Identify teaching and learning methods that can address
the identified problem. This study seeks to validate or nullify the assertion that the difficulty in
speaking in French is due to fear or some level of uneasiness on the part of the student during
speech practice. Additionally, the study will identify methods that will facilitate speaking in class
and practicing the French language even after their lessons.
The Effect of Gender Inequality in Employment and Education On Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
(University of Ghana, 2023) Lawer, N.R.
The linkage between gender inequality in education and employment and its impacts on economic
growth has not been extensively discussed among scholars in SSA. The primary focus in literature
has been based on the role that gender inequality in education plays in influencing economic
growth in Sub Saharan Africa. With this, the precise association between education and
employment inequality on economic growth need to be investigated empirically in SSA. This study
therefore uses a balanced panel data on twenty- eight (28) selected SSA countries to explore the
impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth in SSA for the
period 2005 to 2017. Employing Two step system-GMM estimation technique together with
Pedroni and Kao cointegration tests, this study establishes a long-run relationship among the
sample variables used. In addition, the GMM results show that the gap in education influences
employment inequality to have a negative impact on economic growth in SSA. As a result, this
study suggests that gender inequality in secondary and tertiary education should be of a prime
focus in mainstream policy and public dialogue in SSA.