Parent–Adolescent Communication about Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Case Study of the Ashiedu Keteke Sub-Metro, Accra

Abstract

Background: Globally, adolescent period is a critical developmental phase where many preventable health problems are acquired. However, studies have shown that parent adolescent sexual communication is protective against risky sexual behaviours. Nationally, parent adolescent communication on Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) rarely occurs. Furthermore, anecdotal evidence along the coastal towns/suburbs shows a high prevalence of risky sexual behaviours and its associated consequences. Objectives: This study aimed at exploring the patterns of parent-adolescent sexual communication in the Ashiedu-Keteke sub-metro of Accra. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted within the Ashiedu-Keteke sub metro. Data were qualitatively collected using Focus Group Discussions with adolescents, and In-depth Interviews with parents. Convenience sampling method was used to select participants for the study. All interviews were audio-recorded and were transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically after the transcripts were read several times to identify appropriate themes per the objectives. Results: The study found that parents communicated more with adolescents on general issues but less on SRH. Also, the media as well as unacceptable events that occurred in the community served as triggers for initiating communication. Parents reportedly lacked fine details of SRH issues to equip the adolescents in making the right decisions and choices. The study identified teenage pregnancy, abortion, rape, lesbianism/ homosexuality as the most commonly discussed sexual health topics among parents and their adolescents. However, adolescents‘ reports revealed that they lacked detailed information about these topics and how to prevent the occurrence of some of these risky sexual behaviours. Additionally, the study found that parents feared that their children may become promiscuous if they discussed sexuality issues with them; while the adolescents were also concerned that parents may brand them as spoilt if they asked questions about sexuality. Conclusion: Parent-adolescent sexual communication has not been effectively handled in the Ashiedu-Keteke sub metro even though it is one of the best ways of curbing incidence of risky sexual behaviour. Additionally, lack of trust prevents adolescents from seeking out parents to discuss SRH issues.