Owe, E.Vignoles, V.L.Becker, M.Brown, R.Smith, P.B.Lee, S.W.S.Easterbrook, M.Gadre, T.Zhang, X.Gheorghiu, M.Baguma, P.Tatarko, A.Aldhafri, S.Zinkeng, M.Schwartz, S.J.Des Rosiers, S.E.Amponsah, B.2019-01-082019-01-082013-01https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111430255http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/26669Beliefs about personhood are understood to be a defining feature of individualism-collectivism (I-C), but they have been insufficiently explored, given the emphasis of research on values and self-construals. We propose the construct of contextualism, referring to beliefs about the importance of context in understanding people, as a facet of cultural collectivism. A brief measure was developed and refined across 19 nations (Study 1: N = 5,241), showing good psychometric properties for cross-cultural use and correlating well at the nation level with other supposed facets and indicators of I-C. In Study 2 (N = 8,652), nation-level contextualism predicted ingroup favoritism, corruption, and differential trust of ingroup and outgroup members, while controlling for other facets of I-C, across 35 nations. We conclude that contextualism is an important part of cultural collectivism. This highlights the importance of beliefs alongside values and self-representations and contributes to a wider understanding of cultural processes. © The Author(s) 2013.encross-cultural differencesindividualism-collectivismmeasurement invariancepersonhood beliefsArticle