156 kgi -~ kokol~ . 
kQi , n. hoe; hCi - , to hoe, to work with the hoe. 
kot, n. bit e (o~ a serpent f. i. ). 
kQihCimg , n. working with t.he ho e. 
kQihulQ , n. labourer with the ho e. 
koikoi , kwoikwoi, kuikui, n. heaps, ruins; compo kpQikpQi. 
kQikQi, adv. litt.l e by littl e, used of water etc. wh en spil-
ling; efi eQ si kQikgi , it spills litt.le by little ; in drops; 
kgkgi, adv. th. s. 
koi si , 11 . the place under a covered door-way , under the 
door , s. kpalasi ; lal~si etc. si = sikpoll. 
kQit so, n. handle of a hoe. 
koklo , kokro , v. to roll; to wallow, to wetter ; generally 
used of round or roundish things. The word seems to 
be a natural sound, being also found in other languages: 
compo ,;:\';:\ , ')'~ ; . xvxAOq , circus, stugel, fuge1n; stegef, 
fegeln ; ~irfel etc. 
koklo, kokro, n. old palm-wine , i. e. such as drawn from 
trees felled a long time, which is unhealthy. 
koklo, kokro, adj. large and round ; round. 
koklogbanting , ll. lit. roll-sheep ; a kind of beetles rolling 
round pieces of dung before them, s. toni , tho s. 
koklobii, a kind of diminutive plural of koklo, but used as 
a noun, globules, little round grains. Compo § 25. 
koklolg, n. roller; - mQ , n. rolling. 
koklolonto, kokrolonto, n. wheel ; ironically, a humpback. 
koklolontoteIi , n. axle. 
kokloqso, kokrodso, n. the fruit of a tree, about as large 
as a coconut ; t.h e ashes of it is used for soap, together 
with palmoil ete. 
koklodsotso, pI. - tsei, n. the tree bearing it. 
koko, n. a plant with roots like yams, and ealen like it. 
' koko , akoko , n. Guinea - corn; the stalks of it resemble 
maize, but where maize bears the blossoms, this corn 
has also the fruit, which resembles lin·seed. 
kQkQ, n. palm of the hand (s. de), but generally when 
shut or filled , therefore fist; handful ; bg kQkg, v. inf. 
kQkgbg, lit. to make or b ail, a fist, therefore, to warn; 
d~-kQkQ, fist. 
kQkQbg, n. warning, admonition. 
kgkQbQlg, n. admonisher. 
kgkgi, adv. in drops; = kgikQi, adv. 
kgkQdene, n. frog. 
kgkgkl)! warning interjection: stop! don't! mind! 
kokol~, n. a seafish, shad-fish? 
kgkgnsa - kologhe. 157 
kgkQnsa, n. hypocrisy; lying ;' s. amale, apasa. 
kgkQnsafo, n. and 
kQkQnsalQ, n. a hypocrite ; compo opasafo, osatQfo, n. 
kokonte, n. cassada dryed in the sun and afterwards made 
into flour etc. 
kQkQte, n. a very tasteful sea-fish. 
'kokos, akokos, n. europ. word, cocoanut. 
'kokosnu, n. cocoa-milk. 
'kokostso, pI. -tsei, n. cocoatree. . 
kokpo = ko-okpo, n. wild dove; bush-dove. 
kole, v. to pick with the finger -nails , with claws elc. to 
dig with the same; to pick out. Inr. kQlemQ. Compo kQ 
and kQIQ and ko, v. 
kole, conj. if ; adv. perhaps; s. kul !l. 
Kgle, pro n. of a small rivulet with a lagune east of Akra 
or Jamestown. 
kole, conj. th~n; s~ldom used ; s. k!lh If) ; and compo 
kulfJ , conj. 
kglemg, n. picking, digging with s. tho sharp as 'claws etc. 
kQli, inr. kQlimQ , v. = kQle, V. 
kQli, n. a kind of precious beads or coloured stones, worn 
as ornament by the natives of this coast and paid by' 
the same weight of gold. It is said, that they are dig-
ged out of the ground all along the Slave - coast and 
found in ordered strings , as the bones of a decayelJ. 
snake or as if formerly bound together, the string being 
decayed. Som~ suppose that they are of animal origin 
(such is the idea of the natives themselves) , some that 
they were manufactured in Egypt, some thousand years 
ago and brought here by the first settlers, an d some that 
they were formerly manufactured in Venice and the art 
lost. Compo also adiakpa, adeakpa, n. 
kolimQ, n. picking. 
kQ likQ, n. gall; bile; S. ebQ , n. tho S. 
koli, n. Adil. = k6il, shoulder. 
k6lisi , n. Adil. elbow (lit. under shoulder). 
k6lin6, n. Adil. shoulder (upper shoulder). 
kolo, n. lit. busluneat, bushflesh (comp. 10, loflo, ilsQillo , 
fail I °,  helo, wolo, hewulo); beast of the field , any 
quadruped, cattie, animal in general; brute; foolish per-
son, fool; body, piece (r. i. loads, barrels etc.). Some-
times the word is separated as: ko IfJ il 10, meat of the 
(mentioned) bush; comp o ko, ko SfJ, n. 
kologbe, and 
158 koloiagbe - kon. 
koloiagbe, n. slaugh tering of beasts. 
koloiatsu, kolotsu, n. stable ; yarel for ca ttle. 
kolokwelQ, koloiakwelQ , n. herdsman . 
kolobi , n. li ttl e animal, - crealure. 
kolobu, n. hole of a beast. 
koloniit sumQ, n. foolish busin ess, foolishness . 
kolonilyenii , n. food, fodder of beasts. 
koloni iyeniiano, n. manger. 
kolono, pI. -nii, n. s . t·h. pertaining to animals. 
kQIQ , pI. form of kQ , v. to take; to hem in ; inf. kglQm Q. 
kQIQ, n. taker, gat.herer. 
kglQ na, kQrQ na, inf. nakQIQmQ, to hem in , s. ban , v. 
mu, v. 
kQIQ , n. a kind of palms. 
kQIQyibii, pI. n. t.he fruit of it. 
kolQ , n. a biter; a bitin g person or animal. 
kQlgmQ, n. t.aking (of many things, s . kQ , v.), picking up ; 
gath er~ ng. 
'kom e, ekome, num. one , alon e; mikome, I alone. 
kom , and 
komi, n. boiled maize-bread ; used where baking is prohibi · 
ted by the fetish. 
komi, n. dan. (Sh"ll11 m rl) c um i Jl ; caraway; gen. osuk omi. 
'komfo, okomfo, n. (01. t.h. s. fr. the Otyi-verb kom, v. to 
be possessed of a fetish) diviner; soothsayer ; s. gbalQ 
an d klamQ. 
komQ, n. picking of stones. 
kQmQ , n. taking ; compo also kQIQmQ, fr. kg , obj. pI. kohl, 
to take ; picking, eating of birds. 
kCimg , v. to bit.e (pI. form), to grip e; to hav e gripe, to 
be in travail; compo ki5, ke, kemg and kg , V. 
komg, n. biting , griping; sticking, fr. ko, v. 
komQbi:i, n. time of travailing. 
'kgmg , itkQmQ, n. (Ot. the s.) sadness, grief; ye - (Ot. 
di - ), v. to be sad, grieved ; to relate a sad story; to 
complain ; to co mmun e with each other in confidence, to 
discourse. Ad. tho S. 
'kQmQyeli , itkQmQyeli , n. sadness, grief; sad story ; story ; 
discourse. 
' kQmQyeIiIQ , 'kQmQyeIQ , itkgm. , n. a sad pel son; mourner. 
' kQmQyeli-atade, n. mourning-dress. 
'kQmQyelisane, kQmgsane, n. sad story, sad palaver. 
koit, pI. kodsi, n. corner, extreme, end, horn (camp. ko, n. 
t.h. S. and aklont.o). 
k5il - kos~hil !)he . 159 
koJi, pI. kodsi, n. Adri. k5li, shoulder; tfa koil, v. to carry 
on the should er, to shoulder; r:omp . tere , 11'0, hle, V. ; 
Jime m. k. kOiI ng , v. to oblige one ; to give one allow-
ance. 
k6n, n. dan. kin g (comp. mantSe); especially the king in 
Europ e w-ho has . power over the natives; native kin gs 
are seldom or never called thus; exeept in Krgbg, s. 
Ad. Vocab. 
koil-atade, n. royal garment. 
kona , n. lit. out skirts of the bush (s. ko and na) ; privy; 
ya - , v. 10 go to - ; compo nyi!, wa; tsong , tsui ase, 
nsgna, niiase etc. . 
kone, AdJi. conj. = koni in Ga, that; bnmit. 
koMai , n. crown, s. mants!)fai and akekre, n. 
koni , conj. (fr. ko and nl , -so both) , that , so that ; DOlllit, 
baB, bmnit bas; follow ed by the pot. mood ; comp o ni , 
tho S. , and ak!). By some people the word is ver'y fr p-
quently used and must then often be given by "and " 
(s. nil and "and so", " t.hen"; comp'. also k!)k!) ni ; noni , 
bgni, daui etc. 
konim, n. (Ot.) victory; ye - , to g~in the 
konimy eli , n. victory. 
konimyelilg, - yelQ, n. victor. 
kOJing, n. upper shoulder. 
k6nse, n. place behind the shoulder-shoulderblade. 
kont!', n. cornerstone. 
kontromfi (Ot. tho s.), n. a large kind of monkeys (.punb£l' 
(life ?). 
kontfa, n. carrying on the shoulder. 
kgpe, n. europ. word, cup . 
kose, kuse, n. = ko se, lit. place behind the bush, bush 
with the plantution in it ; plantation, country. 
koseade, n. = kosedsen. 
koseadebQ , n. plantation-life; S. adebg, n. 
kosebii, S. kosenyo. 
kosedse, and 
kosedsen, n. state of the country. 
kosefemg , n. country-play. 
kosegbe, n. way to the country; plantation-way; byway; 
path. 
kosehile , n. kosesihile, n. living dwelling in the country; 
country-life; country-dwelling. 
kosehilehe, n. country-dwelling-place; country-seat . 
• 
160 kosenyo - kolomg. 
kosenyo , masc. n. , pI. k08(lhI. man from the plantation ; 
com. n. pI. kosemei and kosebii, plant er ; rustic; farmer ; 
peasant ; boor, clown, rough person ; counlry-man. 
kos (lsane, n. countr)'-palaver. 
kosets!), pl. - tsemei, n. eountry-man ; owner of a planta-
lion = Jimont.s!) . 
kosetsu, n. country-room'; - house. 
kos~we, n. country-house; - seat. 
kose),o , pI. - yei; fern. n. country-woman, woman from the 
plan (alion etc. 
kosoilkoso, pI. - soi, Ot. tho S. n. chain. 
kosa, n. bush-burning: 
kQsikQsi , adj . and adv. (fe m. k. yi -, v. 10 make one's 
head 10 go round) ; doubtful ; at a loss. 
kola, V. info kotamQ , to fold , 10 fo ld up (of cloth elc.). 
kotai , and 
kolaikotai, adj . folded, wringled, contracted; s. kualai, tho S. 
kotalQ, n. folder. 
kolamQ , n. fo lding. 
Kotgi, pro n. of males. 
kol.o, v. info kotomQ , to incline, bow (5. kua Iii and kula 
si); - m. k. to bow before S. b. ; koto toi, V. 10 incline 
the ear for false judgement; red up!. kotokoto, V. to be 
over-civi l, servile. 
koto Ii i, V. inf. liikotomQ, 1.0 bow down. 
koto, n. bow, arch ; kotoma , n. tho S. 
kolo, koti, n. eng!. coat. 
koto , kOtOliko, kotuto , adj . and adv. bowed by age; old, 
very old; agedly. 
kolokotomQ , n. servility. 
kQIQkg , n. the large kind of porcupines. 
kglQkggai, n. the quills (lit. "arrows") of the porcupine. 
kgtQkQtQ , n. bubble, bnbbling, adv. - Iy; tfa -, V. to boil 
bubblingly, to bubble. 
kotoku, n. pocked, bag etc. stomach ; compo flQ1Q. Ot. tho S. 
wo kotoku mli, V. 10 poc.k et. 
kotokUllduku, n. poc.ket-hand-kerchief. 
kotokufimQ , n. closing of a bag. 
kotokufen emQ , n. op ening of a bag. 
kotokukpa, n. lit. string of the slomach or of a bag; meat-
pipe. 
kotokuna, n. opening, brim of a bag. 
kotomQ , n. bowing, inclining; bow ('BuCfling); arch; = sa-
tsoyiteiJ, 'Beltl;>immel; tester. 
kotonk.o - kpa faL 161 
kolonko, s. koto, tho s. 
kotos~, n. back; lRiicfen. 
koloSflwui, n. back-bone(s). 
koWlo, S. koto. 
kotolo, n. bower, person bowing; servile person. • 
' kotsa, n. sponge of the natives made of fibres of trees and 
used for washing, wiping. cleansing their teeth p·lc. 
Compo bosao and nsoli.kolsa. 
kols(7, pI. - tsemei, n. lit. bushfather, lord of the bush, one 
of the epithels of I.he leopard, compo olowo, mlantfi , 
hleli.malo etc. . 
kotsebi, n. young leopard. 
kotsebu, n. leopards lair. 
kOt80, pI. - tsei, n. a kind of trees; S. kodso, n. 
kotsu, n. bush-house. 
kowe, Ad. S. Ad. Voc. bush-village. 
kow~ , n. a piant of a strong sweet scenl used for tea, p~t 
into &Oup elc. 
kowelso, n. tho s. 
kowie, n. a plant or sbrub, very prop able a kind of pepPllr = 
kowyiei, n. bush-pepper. 
kgyo, n. air, wind; here kgyg , v. to take the air; kgyo 
tfa, V. to blow (of the wind); - nm(l, V. to cease blow-
ing. Compo ahum. 
kgygheremg, n. air-taking; airing.· 
kgyghumg, n. blowing of the wind. 
kgYQlim!), n. ceasing of the wind. 
kgyotfa, n. blowing. 
kp generally initiates words, seldom palone; sometimes 
both are used. . 
kpa, v. info kpa, kpamg, kpal(l, pI. form: kpla; to be 
moved, to move about (~iegen, umf) er3id)en) , to be 
drawn, dragged; to draw; to break; to break off, to 
cease, finish; to snap; to snatch; to take off; to anoint, 
- mu, to anoint with oil; Lo be bald, inf. kpale; to be 
void of, to miss, want; elc. Compare gba, lIpa and pa, 
pai in Ot.yi. The principal combinations are tbe follow-
ing: hie kpa ng, V. to have tbe face drawn off, to forget, 
S. kpa hIe no, inf. hlenokpamo j yi kpa, yilen kpa, V. to 
be baldheaded, hairless, info yiLeli.kpale; Nyonmo kpa, v. 
God ceases (sc. raining), S. Nyoli.mo ne. si etc. Ad. 
kpa and kpaka, V. 
kpa fai, v. inf. faikpamg, to draw or take off the hat (at. 
pa kyaw); f. i. kpa ofa i, take thy hat off; to show sub-
Zimmermann, Akra-Vocab. 11 
• 
162 kpa ghe - kpa. 
mittance by this, to beg pardon, to beg s. tho Jry it , to 
beg, to pray ; mikpale fai, I took my hat. all for him, 
I submitted to him, I begged his pardon, begged S. Ih ., 
prayed to hiln (but mikpa erai, I look his hat ofT, camp. 
in Olyi the difference betwixt: mepano kyaw and mepa 
neky"aw). The ges liculation used in submilling or beg-
ging is not only 1,0 take one's hat off before the person 
begged, but somelimes to offer it 10 him or cast it be-
fore his feet; though on the other hand the sensible 
origin is not at all a hillderance to the tropical use of 
th e word; compo in this respect the hebrew io the most 
pari of its roo ls. 
kpa gbe, v. inf. gbekpamo, to go to meet S. b. = kpe, Y. 
kpa he, V. info hekpa, hekpamo , to give inter est of money ; 
S. hekpa, interest. 
kpa he, v. inf. hekpamo, to anoint, s. fo and fifia; - mu, 
- with oil ; -to go away, turn away. 
kpa hle ye noko no , v. to withdraw the face from s. th ., 
to forget, to overlook, to wink ai, compo hIe kpa no, Y. 
kpa mli, info mlikpamo, Y. to seleet, to make a difference ; 
to be dainty, delicate; camp. kO mli, hala mli, Y. 
kpa musu , y. info musnkpamo, to take away the curse 01' 
calamity, f. i. sickness, witchcraft etc., it is generally 
done by a sacrifice (sometimes human), offered to the 
fetish. The sacrifices of this kind are oft en found in 
the roads. 
kpa na, Y. info nakpamo, to break Ihe month , i. e. fasl, 
breakfast; to test = ka. 
kpa nibii an, kpa niian, = kpa nii amIi, info niiankpamo, to 
be dainty; S. kpa mli , v. 
kpa nQ, V. to draw off, f. i. S. b. from a chair; kpa m. k. 
Yf:. mantseseI Ie nQ, to dethrone 5. b. 
kpa Sf', v. 1'0 withdraw one's-self from behind S. b. , La 
deny him; to forsake; to betray S. b. camp. kpa si, kwa, 
tso, tso sQgbe etc., inf. sekpamQ. 
kpa si, V. info sikpamQ, to suppose (d raw a conclnsion); 
to draw down, to break down; to discover, to betray; 
to walk about (burd) ~ i e f) e II b); mikpaa sai, I don 't think. 
kpa n. k. tere m. k. yi, V. to cast S. tho opon S. b. (guilt etc.) 
kpa, n. a want; a blemish; to kpa, v. inf. kpato, to do 
S. th o shame-ful; deformity of body etc. (s. akpake); kpa 
ye he, V. to have a blemish; kpa be he, V. to be blame-
less. 
k P a -- 'kpaki. 163 
kpil, v. inf.kpamQ, to s tr e tch; toblQw a musical instru-
ment with the mouth, cam p. ltVt:! in Hebr.! kpa bl e, to 
play a pipe; -- t.etremante, - a trumpet etc. to gaggle 
(of fowls) Ad. = to cry. 
kpa ble, info blekpamQ , V. to pipe; S. fli , V. 
kpa mli , V. inf. mlikpamQ, to stretch, f. i. the body, t.he 
arm; see also sia; "ekpa enine mli ", he stretched (out) 
his arm. 
kpa, n. something slretched, cord, st.ring, lin e, twine, 
thread; tropically: ironical po etry or song; esp. string 
of cowries, = 40 cowries (Ot. b3l'1) , which in former 
limes were put. on -a stri ng. In the latter signification 
the word has for jls frequent use's sake und ergone some 
irregula ri ty in the pfural form as f. i. th e eng!. "penny, 
pence"; f. i. kpa (i nstead of kpa kame) , one string 
(= 2/, of a penny); kpaenyo, 2 Str,', kpaete , 3 Str., 
kpaedfe, 4 Str., kpaenlJmQ, 5 St.r., kpaekpa, 6 Str., 
kp1iilkpawo (= kpai kpawo), 7 Str., kp fj li.kpan yo, 8Str. , 
kp ~n\'ihii, 9 SIr., kpaIima (= kpai nyoli.ma), 10 Str., 
kpaIima ke ekome, 11 Str., kpali.mai cnyo, 20: Str., mea 
= 25 Str. or half a head; tsakpo = liz Str. or 20 
cowries, omele = '/4 Str. or 30 cowries. Tse he kpa, v. 
to take off the string, i. e. to excuse , = fa he; dsie 
na eic.; yf:, kpa mli , V. to be in a string, i. e. to be 
bound. "Mnifu nii, koni mana kpa 10 kpaenyo," . I am 
working, 10 get one or two pence (i. e. a few pence) 
by it. 
kpa, kpail or pali., Vam (Ot. pam), v. info kpaumQ , very 
probably relat ed to the former, to bind each other , to 
make a covenant; to plot, to conspire (this bad sense 
is more usual); - m. k. yi nQ, v. yinQkpaumQ, to plot 
against s. b. 
kpakpa, redupl. noun, adverbially used: in strings, a string 
each, S. § 22, 2. g. 
kpa wo m. k. toiiali., v. lit. to blow S. b.'s ears full (camp. 
einnn bie Dl)ren bOU ml1 d)en , in ben Doren liegen), to 
tell into s. b. ears (also in a good sense), to tire one 
by speaking; to inculcate. 
kpa feda nl -, kpako nl - , kpako feda nl --, conj. lit. 
ceasing before now, not before now, now (at last). 
'kpagl1, kpakal, S. akp. 
kpai, n. a full load (of corn etc.). 
'kpake, n. S. akpake. 
'kpaki, n. s. akpaki . 
• 
164 'kpakar - kpamg. 
'kpakar, n. s. akpakaL 
'kpakpa, akpakpa, n. the pap a w - fruit.. 
'kpakpat.so, pI. - (sei, n. t.he papaw-tree. 
'kpakpa, ekpakpa, adj . (Ot. pa, papa) good ; real ; common, 
natural , natil'e, homemade ; ady. well , very, much, very 
much = naakpa ; Ad. = Jelen, truly, yerily ! 
'kpakp ll feIQ , n. a person doing good , s. edsurOfelg, n. 
'kpakp afemQ, n. doing good ; good behayiour ; good work, 
compo edsurOfem Q, n. 
kpakpa, adv. quickly, = kplokplo, oya)'a; paopao ; pampam. 
kpakpii. (obscen), n. wind from the stomack . 
kpakpata, adj . and adv. good; st.rong; hard, sti[; wa - , y. 
to be very hard, gbI - , y. t.o be very dry; etc. 
kpakpatafem Q, n. strength ; hardness etc. 
kpakpo, n. he-goat , gen . to - kpakpo (Ot. papo) , n. pI'. of 
men. 
kpakpo, n. (01.. baka) small lake ; pit; lake, lagune. 
Kpakpoin0hu , pro n. of a village lit. "ninelake" (lI!.Reun, 
lUeiger"). 
kpala, y. s. kpla, pI. form of kpa ; to drag; Ad. kpaka, v. 
kpale, y. inf. kpalemg , to turn , to turn back , to return ; 
to call s. b. back; t.o turn in ; to r.all in from the way. 
Compo kpa, V. Ado. t.h. S. Compo also gbale, v. 
kpal e, n. baldness fr. kpa, y. 
kpale, and 
kpalekpale , adj. and adv. bald ; baldly; Yfl -, V. to be 
bald; kpa - , V. to be baldly bald, i. e. very bald ; compo 
~pata. 
kpalemQ , n. returning, t.urning in ; recalling , calling in fro 
kpale, y. 
kpalQ, n. a person moving or walking about elc. fr. kpa, V. 
(seldom used alone, but in compounds). 
kpalQ, n. player of a musical instrument, which is blown, 
f. i. blekpiilQ, piper; tetremant.rekpaIQ , trumpeter ; kofen-
kpalQ , blower on horn; compo also fli , y. and kpalg, 
Ad. n. cryer. 
kpa, and 
kpamQ, n. mOYing , walking abonl; dragging , drawing, 
breaking off, ceasing , anointing , halting , taking in etc; 
fro kpa, y. 
kpamQ , n. stretching; blowing of a musical instrument; fr. 
kpa, y. 
kpamQ , kpanmQ , panmQ , n. covenant; plot, conspiration, 
fro kpa, kpan, v. 
kpana - kpa\vo. 165 
kpana, kpanaku (kpanclaku accord. to Hanson), adj. strong, 
valiant, great, big; gbomo - , a valiant, strong man ; u 
distinguished man; germ. "fonberlicl)". 
kpanflhil, kpa iJ ma etc. s. kpa, n. 
kpaoya, n. basket, compo ablabutu, karu, floto, akpagar, n. etc. 
kpanyo (perh. = kpa:enyo), uum. eight. kpfliJkpanyo, eight 
strings cowries; Ad!'l. kpana. 
kpao! inl. fye! :pfui! 
kpasa, V. to lean; inf. kpasamQ. 
kpasa he, info hekpasamo , to lean about. 
kpasa nQ, v. inf. nQkp asamQ , to lean upon, to trust UpOll. 
kp asa si, v. info sikpasamQ, to lean down (on the elbow). 
Compo bata in Otyi and the related roots kpa, kpata, rata 
iu Gil and pata, fala in Otyi, pasa in both. 
kpasalQ, n. leaner. 
kpasamo, n. leaning. 
kpiitii, V. inf. kpa.tamQ , 10 destroy; to smooth , to plain;· 
to appease, to reconciliate. Compo kpa , Ot. pata ; and 
fata in both languages. HIe kpata, V. to perish (lit. to 
have an erased face); info hi\.lkpatamQ, S. also: 
kpata hIe, V. inf. hiekpatamQ , to destroy; = fite, V. Ad. 
tho S. 
kputa (Ot.. pata) = kpale, adj. bald, grassless, plain, empty, 
void; fe - , to be bald etc. ; comp o yikpatatsfl, n. 
kpala, n. thatched roof, open shed, kitchen (s. latfls i) , open 
hall (s . koisi) ; roof. 
kpatafemQ = kpal!l , n. baldness , emptine.ss. 
kpatalQ, n. appeacer, peacemaker, reconciler; fro kpat5, V. 
kpat5mQ, n. appeacing; peaoemaking ; reconciliation. 
kpatamonii, pI. u. things given to appeace. 
kpatasi, n. roof-ground, under - roof; open place thatched 
over, S. kpata, n. 
kpatatsfl, yikpatatsfl, n. baldpated person (@ra~fo:pf). 
kpate, n. smallpox. 
kpate sa m. k., V. to be killed by the smallpox. 
kpate fie m. k. he or no, V. to get th e smallpox. 
kpato, n. a shameful deed, fr. to kpa, compo fobQ, tho S. 
kpatu, v. to kill violently or suddenly; to dispatch. 
kpatu, and 
kpatukpatu , adv. suddenly, unexpectedly; in a hurry; 
truka. 
kpatul11Q, n. murder ; violent or sudden death; despatch. 
kpawo, num. seven. "BQni mll:dsi kpawo kpawo toi kpawo 
Ie k!l Uf)! " "This is what the seveu times seven tribes 
166 kpe - kp e. 
said!" A phrase used by speakers at great assemblies 
of the people for political purposes. See Gil -Speeches. 
kpe, v. inr. kp e and kpemQ, to m eet, if the subj ect is 
a plural , amekpe, they met. ; na kpe, l1a kpe si , tho s . 
k0 m. k. kpe, to meet s. b. , ke m. k. yakpe, or ya m. k. 
kpemQ, to go to meet ; kpe m. k. , to make s. b. to meet, 
t.o meet, to caIJ , to invite, to call together , to assist = 
here; t.o meet on e's teeth , to gnash with the teeth, s . 
kpe il i ; to knaw, gnaw f. i. bones, corn- ears, any thing 
h ard = ye, to eat , esp. nuts etc., nn kpe an d na kpe 
5i, inf. nakp e and 118sikpe, V. to meet (with t.he mon th, 
i. e. for co nsultat.ion etc.), t.o come toge th er , to be of 
one opinion. Conn ected with other verbs " kpe" is some-
times uSl'd to express " round about , alt oge th er" , f. i. 
" kw e mei ke kpe, " to look at peopl e round about ; nyle 
ke kp e, v. to go round ; bQle kQ kpp, v. to ' surround. 
kpe mJi , V. to meet in s. place. 
kpe na , V. to meet the mouth , the point; to sustain , to 
continue, to be?r ; to gain the victo ry (<1II £! Qo(tel1, lJer< 
barren, bd)lUrel1) = hie mli , mta hYe, v. ; to reach, be 
lon g enough (of cord etc.); to find , to meet with, = 
yere na, v. 
kpe Sf), inr. sekpe, v. t.o remain behind, to come too late. 
kpe si, na kpe 5i, V. sikpe, nasikpe, to meet, become on e, 
to be unit ed. 
kpe yo, V. inf. yokpemQ, li t. to meet a woman. The ori-
ginal Signification seems to be: 10 marr y (used of the 
husband, compo wye and gba, gbla) in a lawful and prop er 
way with many ceremonies; th en 10 make a certain cu-
stom or ceremony, often by already marri ed women (an-
swering the "butruilwo " of males), in which the woman 
adorns herself verJ' costly, and with her companions goes 
round the town singing'- dancing and visiting her good 
friends. See "butruilwo ", n., kromQtsCnlwo, n. th. s. 
kpe, adv. entirely; si -, V. inf. kp esi , to r emain up all 
night, to watch (comp. WQ, sra and bu, v.). 
kpe, n. meeting. S. kpemQ; fro kpe, V. 
kpe! into expressing horror or the a?proach of danger! 
kpe (related to the former), V. inf. kp~ , kp QmQ , pI. kple, 
info kplemQ ; to keep closely together, to cleave to, see 
kpete and na kpe he, to join, to sew; to grin, to fix 
with the eyes, to bewitch; to be bright (of metals, stars, 
the moon etc.) as far as no warmth is connected with 
it, compo ISo, v., f. i. hulti tsog , si ilyontsere kpllQ , the 
kpe amane h1l m. k. - kpete. 167 
sun shines, but the moon is bright; to flash, to lighten; 
to chisel, carve; na kP0 he, v. info nallpe, benakpe, to 
be .astonished, confounded, to wonder; compo fe la, Me 
fe ya, V. which is weaker and be dso he, v., he kplcke 
he, V. which are stronger; fe nakp e, V. the same. 
kp() amane ha m. k., v. to bring into perplexity, trouble, 
palaver. 
kpe bi , V. to carry a child on one's back. 
kp() mli, V. inf. mlikp e, mlikp()mQ, to decide, to be resol-
ved; to chisel, to carve. 
kpe na, V. to sew togeth er. 
kpe nyomQ ha m. k., V. to bring into debts. , 
kp() nii, inf. niikpe , V. to sew. 
kpe , n. sewing, joining , grining etc. 
kpeete, n. Adi!. = abonua, Jimone, lime. 
kp() sebii, V. lit. to carry baekchildren (s. kpe bi, v.), (0 
produce ears, said of maize. 
kpekpe, n. grey or unbleached lin en or cott.on; sack-cloth. 
kpekpe-atade, _no dress of it. 
kpekpe , n. covetousness, avarice; fe - , v. to be covetous. 
kpekpefemQ, n. covetousness. 
kpekpelQ, n. covetous person; miser, niggard. 
kp~l~, S. kpl(), pI. of kpe, V. . 
kpelQ, n. a person meeting an ot1ler; inviter; gnawer; hel-
per, assistant (for mereies sake in carrying etc.); "kpelQ 
edsee afO," prv. a helper is no humback. 
kpelQ , n. joiner; okpl6 - kpelQ, a person making tables; 
sewer, tailor, niikpelQ, tho S. , aspatre-kpeIQ, shoe-maker. 
kpemQ, n. meeting, gnashing, j?ining , helping , assistance, 
gnawing; )'o-kpemQ, wedding; a certain ceremony, see 
kpe yo, V. 
kpemQ, n. bewitching , brightness , shine, fla sh, lightening, 
S. also kpl~mQ and kp!i, n. 
kpenu, pI. -nii, V. joining-, sewing-im1l1ement. 
kpene, adj. and adv. short, small; shortly; mama - , small 
cloth. 
kpenkpel1 , adj. brittle, adv. very quickly, compo oya oya, 
mramra ; abruptly. 
kpeIikplil, n. rabbit; bare. 
kpesu, n. a basket used to keep .fowl. 
kpete, adj. and adv. open , openly. 
kpete, adj. dry, barrell, unfruit.ful; S. oleIile and nmeiunete, 
tho S. 
168 kp ete - kpla. 
kpet.e, v. inf. kp etemQ, to cleave; to be glutinous, 10 slick 
t.o; "he kpet.e" or "he kpete he " or "ke he kpet.e he", 
v., inf. hekpet~mQ , to cleave to ; arnekpete Nyonmo he, 
or amehe kpet.e N. , or amrhe kp. N. he, or ameke 
amehe kp. N. he, they cleaved to God; kp!:'te he, th oS . 
kpet!l he, V. info hekp etemQ , t.o cleave to, S. he kpete etc. 
kpete mli, V. t.o stick in s. tho 
kpete nQ, inf. nQkpet.!)mQ, V. to stick upon S. th. ; ke -
- , v. to fix UpOD. 
kp ete 5i, v. to stick or cleave to , - - to the ground; 
to bear, to sustain, = kpe Da; to continue. 
kp ete sisi, v.to cleave to the ground. 
kp etekpete, adj. and adv. glutinous; soft, weak; softly; 
fe - , V. to be _. 
kpetekplehii, pI. n. a fruit in shape similar to t.he cashocle 
(s. enmQrni); used as charm or fetish. 
kp etekplebiitso, pI. -t5el, n. the tree or shrub bearing it ; 
the bark of it is used as operating medicine; the wood 
is exceedingly hard or rather tough. 
kpetenkple, corroboration of kple ; pI. - kpl ei , adj. great, 
large, tall, big; compo koklo ; wulu, adj. and da , v.; 
fe -, to become - ; dsi -, to be -; kpetenkplen, 
it is large. 
kpT, kpiU, kpitikpiti, adj. and adv. thick; muddy (of dark-
ness, water, mist., clouds efc.) ; t.hickly. 
kpintii'i, adj. safe, sound, healthy, st.rong; -Iy. 
kpintinkpliiJ, tho S. 
kpiti, v. inf. kpitimQ, t.o pinch , to scratch = ti, titi; to 
grub, - - up; to pick up ; to take up or out (used of 
sand, flour, rice etc. compo kQ, kQIQ, kQle, V. t80tse, v. 
kpiti, n. Ot. pili, leprosy; ye - , to be leprous. Compo 
faohokodi. 
kpitimQ, n. pinching, scratching ; grubbing, picking. 
kpitikpete, adv. confusedly; arnekamQ si - , they lay about 
confusedly. 
kpitio, adj. and adv. short., shortly ; compoa kotia; n. a short 
time, S. fio, adj. 
kpitiokpitio, adv. frequently; shortly; often. 
kpitiyeli, n. leprosy. • 
kpiLiyelQ, - yelilQ , n. leper. 
kpla (or kpra), pI. form of the verb kpa, to be draggr.d, _ 
drawn ; to strip (r. i. maize); to brush; to drag, to draw; 
to drive, f. i. cattle; to lead; ior. kplamQ. Compo Ad . 
kpaka, V. tho S. 
kpla-nme s~ - kpleke. 169 
kpla-ilme se, double v. and kpla-fie S~, double v. to take 
some body off ; ekplaame efie ese, he went off with them. 
kpla, kpra, n. the armadillo; Otyi: pra. The name is very 
probable derived from the b r 0 ken skin of this inter-
esting creature. 
kpla , adv. round about; - tfem, all around; a' long time ; 
since. 
kplaba, n. a kind of gum; which the natives use for mend-
ing pots. 
kplabatso, pI. - t sei,n . the tree producing it. '\ 
kplakpayo, pl. -yei, n. whore = adfaman; s. gblagbayo, n. 
kplakpla, adj. and adv. rash, careless; rashly, carelessly; _ 
compo kplekple, flefl~; flafla. 
kplakplafemQ, n. carelessness. 
kplalQ , n. dragger , driver etc.; fro kpla, V. 
kplamQ, n. dragging, driving , stripping; brushing. 
kplan , adj. and adv. much, many ; well ; long , a long time. 
kplana, adj. plain, even; void, desolate = kplene. 
kple (pI. of kpe, v.), y. to fill, fulfill; pine kple he, V. to 
be able ; to have sufficient hands , strength, time etc. 
kple, pI. of kp e, V. to shine. 
kple, kplei, kpleikplei, adj . large; great; high, tall ; big ; S. 
kpetenkple, adj. th o S. 
kple, V. inf. kplemQ (comp. Ot. pe, pen e), to like, to agree 
to, to allow; to let; ekpl ee kpatamQ, he would not be 
appeased ; Ad. tho s. 
kplidso, adv. full, hanging full = wodsowodsQ, adv. 
kplebii, pl. n. scourge, whip (perhaps one with several tails 
and therefore plural); yi m. k. kplebii , V. to scourge, to 
whip one; kpa, n. tho S. 
kplebiiyI, n. scourging. 
kplebiiyilQ, n. scourger. 
kpleke, inf. kplekemQ, V. to sink, 10 descend; 10 come to 
shore (of fishermen); he kpleke h e, V. info hekplekemQ, 
to be astounded, astonished = na kpe he , he dsa he, 
stronger than fe ya; kpleke m. k. or n. k. , v. to let or 
make S. b. descend, to let down (s. the end); to give 
instruction to fetish-pupils; - wQn, V. to let the fetish 
descend for the purpose of asking him about unknown 
things. The fetish-priests called "okomfoi, gbalQi, kra-
mQi " use to wear an iron chain roun.d their neck by 
which they pretend to let the fetish descend = -wQntse, 
to make one a fetish-priest; from this derives: kpleke 
m. k., v. to let (the fetish descend upon) s. b., i. e. to 
170 kpleke si - kploto . 
make him a man possessed by the fet.ish ("okomfo, gba-
IQ , kramQ , wQI1t.se ") ; _ compo WQil m6 m. k. and mo 
WQil , V. tS0 WQIl , etc. About tbe form compo § 27 the 
endsyllables "dse" and "ke", and the, Y. kple, Y. Ad. 
kple, V. 
kpleke iii , info sikpl ekemQ , V. 10 descend, to climb down, 
to come 01'- go down . 
kplekemQ, n. descending. 
kplgkple, adj . and ady. froward , unruly, unquiet; preco-
cious, = kplakpla , HenQ, krukru abompe ; fe - , Y. Lo 
be frow ard. 
kplekpl efemQ, n. frow ardness. 
kplete, adj. and adv. slimy, tough ; -Iy. 
kpWm, n_ a kind of the fruit., ealled sweet-sap; s. Miwyei, 11 . 
kplemtso, pI. - tsei, n. the tree of it. 
kplemQ , 11. fillin g , fulfilling ; sufficing ; finishin g ; S. kple, V. 
kplemQ, n. liking , agreeing ; agreement, allowance. 
kplikpli, adv. convulsivel)' ; so - , Y. to have convulsions. 
kplim, Y. info kplimmQ, 1.0 be thick (with fat.) , to be hard, 
impenetrable; to be inured, accustomed; senseless. 
kp.!o, n. pI. kpodsi, clift. ; compo kpQIi, kpon, 
kplQ , kprQ, pI. form of kpQ , V. to break ofT, to pluck ofT, 
to crumble off, - down (f. i. bark , rough skin , dried 
mud etc.) , Y. n. and a. , info kplQmQ. 
'kplO , okplo , pI. okplol, n. table , kpQ - , v. to make a 
table, S. kpe; Ii.m e -, Y. to spread the table , to give 
a repast.. 
kplok6 and kplot6 (Ot.. preko , prok6 from the porLugie 
"porco"), n. pig, only used of the tame one, s. batafo ; 
a very unclean person. 
kplokofQ, n. pigs-fat. 
kplokolo, 11. pork. 
kplokoniitsumQ, n. uncleanness . 
kplokotse , m. n. - nye, f. n. possessor of a pig. 
kplokotsu, n. pig-stile. 
kplokplo, adv. quiekly, oyaya , mramra; frequently, of Len, 
= kpiliokpiLio. 
kploku, n. field- or bush-mouse , compo kwakwe. lL is of 
the size of a european rat , the african rat beiug much 
larger. 
kplokubu, n. hole of a mouse. 
kplQmQ , n. breaking off; sLripping; crumbling off; fr. kplQ, v. 
kplot6, s. kplok6, n. 
kpo - kpokpo. 171 
kpo, v. (perh . to move; to remove; to be soft; (0 soften) 
to refuce an offer. 
kpo , kpo nQ, n. yard, outside; adv. outside , out (Hebr. 
(flit, ;'Ylit); dse - , v. to go, or come out; in r. kpodse; 
dsie kpo , inL kpodsiemQ , v. to take out, bring for th, 
bring to light, reveal; fii kpo, v. inr. kpofa , = else kpo 
dsie kpo (comp. adi in Otyi). 
kpo wolo, v. to tan (leather), s. wolokpolQ , n. 
kpo, int. plumb !natural sound of a fa ll ; gbe si kpo , to 
. fa ll down, plumb! camp. bum etc. 
'kpo, okpo, n. club; = tsokpoti, n. 
kpo, adj . and adv. quiet , simple, mi ld, compo diO , bl eo; 
fe -, v. to be quiet, mild; - mildly, simply, quietly; 
int. kpo! kpo! (sympathizingly used) be quiet! bit! bit! 
camp. kpo, v. 
'kpo ', okpo , n. dove. 
kpQ, pI. kplQ, info kpQmQ, kplQmQ , V. n. and a. to crumble 
off; to break off (esp. of a rough skin , bark , dry sur-
face); to strip; to pluck off; to scale etc. s. also kpQke, 
v. a. KpQ kpQilQ 5i, v. to clear the throat. 
'kpQ, akpQ, n. decree , law, s. kita, mla. 
kpQ, n. heap, hill, lump , knot, island; nSQ -kpQ, island in 
the sea; fa - kpQ , n. river - island. Besides the reg. pI. 
kpQi also kpQbii seems to be used; compo kpon, n. 
kp5 , info kp6mQ , v. to redeem; to buy free ; to liberate. 
kpQbii, diminutive , pI. of kpQ, lumps = kpQi. 
kpQbiikpQbii, adj. and adv. consisting of small lumps, lumpy 
in small lumps. 
kpodse , n. forthcoming ; appearance. 
kpodsielQ, n. rev{)aler. 
kpodsiemQ, n. revelat.ion; apocal)'psis. 
kpofil, n. appearanee. 
kpQikpOi , adj. and adv. th. S. but without diminutive mo-
dification; rough, uneven; hilly. 
kpQke, v. active form of kpQ (§ 27), to crumble off. 
kpQkemQ , n. crumbling. . 
kpQkQ, n. the concavity of the elbow; kpQkQi anQ, on the 
arms. 
kpokpai , pI. n. bonndaries = klotia, husu. 
kpokpo, v. inL kpokpomQ, to shake, to tremble; to shake 
s. lh., to shake off; = hoso, woso; he -, v. inf. hekpo-
kpomQ, v. to shake, tremble, be frightened; of men, by 
fear, cold etc. mihe kpokpoQ, I tremble; compo also 
iuniilmi, v. 
172 kpokpo - kpQtQ. 
kpokpo, adv. quietly, plainly, unreservedly; wie - , v. to 
speak -. 
kpokpoi , pI. n. a kind of food made of maize - flour and 
palm-oil , and eaten to soup. 
kpokploku , kpokproku , n. new com. 
kpoknkpoku , n. a large waterbird living at the river Volta 
in size as a goose. 
kpolQ , n. softener; refuser of an offer, fro kpo , V. 
kpQIQ , n. a person stripping S. tho 
kpolQ , n. redeemer; liberater. 
kpQmQ , n. crumbling off, breaking off; stripping; S. kplQ-
mQ , tho s. 
kp5mQ , n. redeeming ; redemption ; liberation. 
kpomQnii, pI. n. means of redemption. 
kpomQsane, n. history of redempt.ion. 
KpQll, pI'. n. ( "island") a town , 40-50 miles up the river 
Voila near mount Yogaga; compo poil in Otyi in NyaJi-
ko p 0 i1; Akro p 0 Ii elc. and Kpon., n. 
kpoli , n. hook ; angle. 
KPOli, pro n. of Pony betwixt Tema and Pl'ampram (lit. hill , 
Ot. "poil"). 
Kp511kpo , pr. n. of a village. 
'kpQIiQ, okp. n. (Ot. okpgilkQ), horse; Ad. SQ, n. 
kpQilQ , n. the uppermost part of the throad or windpipe; 
kpQIiQ be, V. to have the throat narrowed (s. be) i. e. 
to be so sad as to wish to weep without being able to 
do it , compo ("al~ ob i9111 Die ste91e ~ugefd)nurt mare"); 
info kpQllQbe. 
kpQllQb\l , n. great. sadness. 
kpQilQsi, n. place of or about the head of the wind pipe; 
kpQ - , V. to clear the throat. 
kpQllQsikpQ , n . .!teblfopf I head of the wind-pipe. 
kpQo, V. to get rich; to be benefitted. 
kposa, V. info kposamQ to rub with the hands as in washing 
cloth; to wash cloth etc., by rnbbing, compo fQ; to full; 
compo also bosao,- n. 
kposalQ, n. washer, rubber, fuller. 
kposamQ, n. washing, rubbing, fulling. 
kpoti, n. club, knot, tsokpoti, n. knolly stick; S. okpo, 'kpo, n. 
and Ii, v. 
kpotia, n. ring, finger-ring. 
kpQtQ, inf. kpQIQmQ, n. and a. to be thick, muddy, doughy, 
over ripe, mellow; to rot,' putri(y; to knead; satyrically: 
to be very rich. 
kpQtQmQ - kri . 173 
kpQlgmQ, n. kneading ; rotting etc. 
kpQlQ, adv. lhickly; as mud , as dough ; gbe - , v. -to kill 
in heaps. 
kpQtQi and kp QtQkpQt Q, adj . thick, muddy , doughy, over-
ripe, rotten ; fe - v. to be - - -
kpQtgfemg, n. rottenness etc. 
kp gtgilkpgtg , n. a kind of food mad e of yams boiled int o 
• a dough. 
kpolsile, n. a seafish. 
kprgke (fr. kpg , v.) , info -mQ , v. to s,rip ofT. 
kprQkemQ , n. stripping off. 
kpronkpron , adj . and adv. dirty; -tily. 
kp ulu . pI. kpudsi, n. mug ; jug; cup. 
kp Ul'lkpa, n. barrel; com. hase. 
Kpukpril (or Gbugbra), n. pro of the towu Pl'ampram of ,he 
maps. 
Kpukpranyo , pI. -mei, -bii , - tsemei, n. Prampram-man ; 
- people. 
Words not found under 
kr see under kl. 
kra, v. and n. S. kla. 
'kraiJ., ilkraiJ., n. (Ot. tho s.) wandering ants. 
kra, krakra, adj. hot. 
kradikplen, kriill0dikplMI, n. th e smaller kind of hyenas 
(com p. klan , kran , n.). 
kradoa, n. padlock. 
kraka, n. cartridge; compo gbadsa, n. The cartridges o-f the 
natives are made of wood. 
krakale, n. span. 
krake, inf. - mg , V. to have a crack. 
krakte, n. dan. funn el ; trakle, n. tho S. 
krBkuna, = klakmi. n. turkey. 
kramakrama. adj. fierce , greedy. 
krana, n. silence; adj. and adv. sil ent ; silently; this word 
has the peculiarity, that it can be used wilhout verb, f. i. 
milsel~ aha , Iii efe fe) kranii; I called him a long time, 
but (all is) - silence; compo yi fe, n. 
krata, klata, n. slice. 
krawa, n. S. kra, n. 
kre, ker!) , n. = kele , n. 
krcd~, adj. and adv. sure; clear ; exact; true, genuine 
kron; - surely, clearly , well , exactly. 
krekre. Ad. = kH~nklen , kreilkrei), first. 
kri, n. giddiness. 
174 kri - krukru. 
kri , = kli, adj. giddy; fo-, v. to be giddy. 
krifo, n. giddiness. 
krikri , krikrikri , n. adj. and adv. sile nce; silent ; silently = 
krana, comp o this. 
kro, V. 10 murmur. 
kro, adj. large. Seldom used ; compo kokro , koklo, adj . 
krQ, = kQIQ, klQ, pI. of kQ , V. 
'kro, ' koro, ekoro , adj. and adv. efr. ko) sin gle; simple~ 
singly, otherwise, by itself; S. kro ll ; krolikroll; adj. 
KrQbQ , pro n. of a mountain , tribe, country and (Adallme) 
dialect N. Eas t of Gii betwixt the Akwapim -mountains 
and the river Voila. 
krQhQo, n. a bark of a tree used as spices, to rub the 
body with. 
'kroko, ekroko, pI. 'krokomei, adj. other; S. ko , kro, koro elc. 
kromQbi , n. first-born (generally, if a boy, called T"te, if 
a girl Dede). Ad. krombi. 
kromQbifQmQ, n. (h ftneburt j first birth. 
kromQbi gbena, n. ri ght., duty of Ihe firstborn. 
kromQtsutJ , n. a custom, men hal'e to make before marriage; 
WQ -, to mak e t.his custom (s. butru); a principal par t 
of it is to be put in a room (tsu, krom Qts ll) for a night. 
krQn = k wQn (OL Ih. s. seldom used adj. high ; fro kQ, k1 1'9, 
V. to be high or deap. S. also gran, adv. 
krQn, pI. kroI adj. and adv. single, simple , pure, genuine, 
clear; holy (fr. ko, v.? and indef. art); singly, simply, 
purely ele. Compo ekro, ekoro etc. 
kronkron, corroboration of th e form er, adj . and adv. simple, 
pure , clear (of water), unmixed; holy; S. he tse and 
Isu he. 
kronkronmo , pI. - mei and mokronkron , pI. meikronkroi, 
kronkronbi , pI. - bii , n. holy person. 
kronkroIifelQ, n. sanctificator , = hetsulQ. 
kronkroilfemQ , n. sanctifioation; holiness ; S. helsumo, 
hetsemQ, n. 
kronkronno , pI. - nii , n. a holy thing. 
kronkronsane, n. holy history. 
'kropon, okr., n. eagle? a Iarg bird of pray , reading on 
Jiving animals. 
kTosalo and krosado, n. Ayigbe. word, perh. from the port. , 
dollar, S. dale, n. 
KrQte pro n. (s. KIQte) of a lagune N. E. of Osu. 
krukru, adj. and adv. unruly, unquiet, = kpl~kpl!l; unquietly 
fe - , to be unruly. 
l 
krukrufemQ - kukla. 175 
krukrufemQ, n. unquietness. 
krusalo, n. port. word?, spices. 
ku, v., info kiimQ , v. to cut into veI'y small pieces; to 'poll 
the hair. 
kG , v. to break; to knuckle; to turn. The pI. form is 
kumQ , redupl. kumQkumo ; info kumg or kuomo (camp. 
l\dh . kuO , suO , and Sllmo and suomo in Ga). Mli ku, 
v. inf. mlikOomo , to be inwardly, ent.irely broken; nine 
ku , inf. ninekO, v. = ya ghe S(;, ya tsu S0; s. tsu S!), n. 
ku able, inf. ablekuomo , v. to earn corn . 
ku n. k. bo he , v. to double s. t.h. 
kG hie fo' n. k. no, v. to wink at some th. ; to ov.er-
look s. tho 
kii. mli , V. to break in (two) ; info mJikGomQ. 
kO na, v. info nakO and nakuomo, lit. to break the mouth , 
edge, end; to oppose, to act agains t. 
kn nane, V. to break a leg. 
kg nine, V. S. nine kll , under ku, V. 
kei no , V. noku and nQkOomQ, to break over ; to transgress; 
10 be over, to be much, to be superfluous = teke no, V. _ 
kO se, V. info sekO sekOomQ, to turn back, 10 return , to 
c.ome again; to be converled; perverted ; camp. tso he, 
v., th. S. 
kCi ii i. V. inf. ii ikuomo, to break clown; tSui Ie fEi kumQ-
kumQ ii i, all the houses are (every where) broken down. 
ku yi, V. yika (s. yi) , to cut the hair (of the head). 
ka , n. (Ot. th. s.) company = akulso, heap, Iloek ; part (piece, 
S. kuku, Isoku and lsokuku); camp. also kuikui and ob-
serve the phrase: bua na kui kui , I' . to gather in heaps; 
adj. sharI; weku, akutso, dsaku n. elc. 
kua, n. monkey, ape (in general , S. oro, hO, etc.). 
kOa , V. info kilamQ , V. to bend, to contract, to wrinkle, 
to be wrinkl ed = kota; 10 bow = kula . 
klla !ii , v. info sikuamo , v. to bend the knees , 10 kneel 
down. 
kualai, adj . = kotai, which see. 
kudQ, n: helm, rudder. 
kudgtse, pI. kudQt semei , n. steersman. 
kuc , n. neck (camp. sen, kpQIi.Q). 
kucnii, n. necklace or neck-ornaments. 
kuikui, n. heaps, ruins, broken pieces; adj. heapy, ruinou ~ . 
every where broken; adv. heapiIy; in heaps ; camp. kQi-
kgi, kpQikpQi etc. 
Kukla. kukrii, adj. large = kokro; large and round ; rounel. 
176 kilkll - kumaiyelilQ. 
kuku, pI. kumQkumQ, redupl. of ku , v. to break. 
kuku , kukudsi , n. piece, part , broken particle, stump ; fa-
thom = abasa; fa - ; v. to cut short , to s horten~ adj. 
and adv. short ; shortly = kukuo. 
kukudabi , n. maize of last year, camp. kpokploku, n. 
kukufa , n. half-fathom, i. e. yard. 
kukufo , n. short-cutting, shortening. 
kukuku , adv. boldly ; quickstepped ; manly; ebote mli - , 
he stepped boldly in. 
kukuJi , n.ball ; lump; su-kukuli , lump of clay; lo-kukuli, 
piece of meat. 
kukuo (pI. kukudsi kukui, kukubii ?) adj . and adv. sort; 
shortly. 
kukuQ , AM1. v. = kQ, to take. 
kukwe, kukwei , n. small pot for boiling things etc.; camp. 
ghe, kula, fa , fale etc. 
kula, v. to bend , to bow; info kulamQ ; s. kua. 
kula si, v. info sikulamQ, to kneel down , to bolY the knees 
= kua ai, V. 
' kulafo , ok ., n. widower, widow. 
kulamQ, n. bending , bo wing, fr. kula , V. 
kule, au xiI. V. can, will, shall. 
kule (fr. ko Ie, camp. koni, noni, bQni etc.) conj . to express 
the subjunction of th e sentence it initiates, f. i. kul ~ mi-
sumQ , I would love it; = dsikule at the end of sr.n-
tences = if , wi th the same mood; adv. perhaps; speyer 
(etroa) . 
kuli, n. a small particle of any thing; a grain , f. i. able-
• kuli, a grain of maize ; a drop, nu-kuli, a drop of water; 
a mote; AM. gu, n. 
kulikuli, adv. in drops. ' 
kula, n. a kind of pots used for washing; washing-basin. 
kulQ and kulQkulQ (5. klQklQ , adj.) luke-warm. 
kulQ , n. breaker ; reaper of maize. 
kulu , n. 
kuma , AdiJ.. n. thirst; s, kumai. 
kuma, V. info kumamQ to use with fragality ; generally: ito 
kuma or ke-kuma. But perhaps it is Otyi adj. = little. 
kumai, n. thirst, kumai ye, V. info kumaiyeli , to be thirsty; 
kumai yemi, I am thirsty. Camp. h6mQ, rei; and Otyi 
osukum; and kuma , v.; Ad. kuma ye, v. 
kumaiyeli , n. thirsting , thirsl. 
kumaiyeJilQ , - yelQ, n. a thirsty person. 
ktimayemforo - kutumpQfelQ. 177 
kiimayemforo, n. (Ot.) lit. bridemurder, a plant, the fruits 
of which like that of the bur cleave to t.he cloth. It is 
said, that during a wedding ceremony some had come 
into contact wit.h the skin of the bride and she being 
ashamed to remove them, was hurt by them during the 
dance and killed, whence the name. 
kumelQ, Adn. n. castor-tree = adedenkruma. 
kumi, kum, komi, n. boiled bread. 
Kumi, pro n. of males. 
kum'i, n. rum (foreign word and satirically used, S. bQ-
bQ, n.). 
Kumkum, pr. n. of a village, also called Otyiriah~nlail . The 
name "Kumkum" is said to derive from the hollow 
sound of the ground there. 
kiimQ, pI. verb-form of kti, to break; 1.0 break several times, 
to fold up = kota ; to break all over; to have the palsy; 
to feel as if the whole body would be broken ; inf. kamQ 
and kiiomQ, reOOp!. kumQkumQ. 
ki'img, kiiomQ, kumQmQ, n. breaking, brokenness; palsy ; 
folding up; reaping (maize) harvest. 
kumQbe, kuomgbe, n. harvest-time. 
kumQtsofii, n. medidne against palsy. 
kunlu, n. wool; woolen Sluff, blinket. Ot. tho S. 
kura, S. kwriL 
'kuse, kuselo , kusenyo etc. see ko, kose, n. 
kuse! inl. = beg your pardon! COt. tho s.) s. taflals!). 
kus6, int. halloo! hoho! 
kUSii, kusukusu, adj. and adv. thick (of foliage, darkness, 
hair elc.) dark; -ly; -Iy. 
kU5um, n. eur. word; costum. 
kutruku, n. circ.1e; adj. and adv. round, -about. Ot. koto~­
kroll. 
kutsa, kolsa, n. bundle, grape; a kind of country-sponge 
made of a bark. Compo saw, sao; bosao, n. 
kutu, n. circle. 
kutu , adv. jn heaps. 
kuta, n. heap; flock, herd. 
kulu, n. a small kiud of pot.s, S. kulo a small fence in 
which yams is preserved. 
kutumpQ, kotompQ, n. Ot. tho S. false-hood, hypocrisy; 
compo osato; apasa; unrighteousness; ye -, fe -, V. to 
be false = pasa. ' 
kutumpQfemQ, n. hypocrisy. 
kutumpgfeiQ and 
Zimmermann, Alua-Vocab, 12 
178 kutumpQfo -- kw!) . 
kut.umpQfo, n. false , unrighteous person ; hypocrite ; = osa-
to[o, opasafo, n. 
kutmnpQyeli, = -femQ, n. fals ehood, h)'pocrisy; unrighte-
ousness. 
kUYQ, adj. wide , long, large = ya, of dress etc. 
kwa, inf. k"",), kwamQ, v. to abdicate ; to deny; to gainsay; 
to desert ; to do purposely, k wa ekwa, purposely he has 
done it ; to loose the colour. 
kwa, n. abdication; denial; desert.ion; wilful act; 2BiUfiir; 
loosing colour. 
kwa , adv. enUraly; together , truly, indeed; compo kwa, v. 
wllieh seems \.0 imply the orig. meaning of "to be firm"; 
S. also anokwa (anQ = na, mouth, in Otyi); = tJem, f. i. 
re kwa, all toge ler; even, also, fogat = tete, po. 01.. 
= without cause, Ga: yaka, yakatfa). 
Kwabenya , pro n. of two villages. 
'kwadu , akw. , n. bananas. 
'kwafonyo , okw., pI. - foi, n. = kosenyo, hulQ, farmer, 
plantalionman, boor. Ot. tho S. 
kwakwa , n. natur. sound, duck, = dabodabo, n. 
kwakwalabite (Ot. kwakwa:dabi), n. raven. 
kwakwa antrebo, n. childrens play; hide - and - seek; 
okeyo, n. tho s. . 
kwak.we, n. house-mouse, compo kploku, obiSi, n. 
kwakwebu, n. and 
kwakweflQ, pI. - fodsi, n. mousehole. 
kwakwrakwa, n. 11 kind of yams. 
kwamaiJ and 
kwamamfo, n. the whole company of slaves belonging to 
one master (sometimes like "familia" in latin); compo 
Ot. akoa, slave. 
kwasafo, n. (= koa-asafo. Ot. 'koa, slave), tho S. 
kwannne (Ot.), ·n. way - toll ; 2Beggelb (fr. kwail and ade, 
pI. nne). 
KwantanaIi. (Ot.lit. "four - way" place, where two ways cross 
eacholhr.r) pro n. of a village. 
kwao, v. to besmear; to plaster, 
Kwao (01..), pro n. of one born on Thursday. 
kwaomQ, n. besmearing, plastering. 
kwasia, (Ot.) adj. and n. foolish; fool, S. bulu, kolo, n. 
kwalrekwa, Ot. th. S., n. raggamuffin; (,,2um:p"), ragged 
or nearly naked person. 
kW0, imprt. S. k we and kwemo, inf. kW0mQ, V. to look, 
at, to view (comp. na); to care for, to watch over; 
kWl) bi .- kWQ Iii. 179 
compo bu , sra, WQ, v.; to provide for. Ot. rye (fe); 
Adn. Yf!, hie, V. 
kwe bi, V. to care for a child. 
kw e gbe, v. inf. gbekwemQ, to look on the way, to ex-
pect, compo me, V. 
kWf! he or hewQ, V. to look about. 
kwe hie, v. inr. hiekwemQ, to_ look in or at the face; to 
receive one's fac&. 
kwe hina, v. tho s. 
kW f! m. k. fe n. k. , v. to do s. tho for S. body's sake ; kw e 
m. k. hewo fe n. k. , tho s. 
kwe mli , v. inf. mlikwemQ, to look into, to search. 
kWf! nQ, v. inf. nQkwemQ, to oversee, to watch, care for etc. 
to be attentive. 
kw e m. k. no nQ , v. to look upon s. hody's example (s. 
no), inf. nonQkw emQ. 
kwe Sf!, V. inf. sekwemQ, to look back. 
kW0 si, v. to look down. 
kWf! siSi, V. to look und,er s. tho 
kw\' m. k. yi, V. inf. )' ikw~mQ, to care for S. b. 
kwe! behold! lo! int. 
kwe, info kwe, v. to grow, to spring up (of seed, plants, 
camp. da, 11'0, v.). 
kw e, n. growth. 
kwe afui, V. to foam, info afui-kwe. 
'kw ei, akwei, n. ground-beans; see also abQbQi, n. 
kwe.i, = koi, n. door-way. 
kwelg, n. looker ; overseer; herdsman ; provider. 
kwemg , n. looking; caring , care;' watching; oversight , in-
spection; providence. 
kwo , 1>0 , ndj. broken, cracked, compo ko, v. ku aHd kuku, adj. 
kWQ (negligent pronunciation kQ), V. info kWQle and kW Q, 
to be high , deep (comp. "altus" in lat.) ; to come or 
go up, ascend, spring (of wells), to climb, up ; k-wQ lso, 
to climb a tree, kWQ k!l- ya gOll ko nQ , to ascend a 
mountain. 
kWQ , n. climbing , ascension. 
kWQl e, n. hight ; depth. 
kWQ1Q , n. climber. 
kW Qil and kWQnkwQn (camp. krQll , 01. the S. and konon-
konoil), adj. and adv. high, deep; highly, dee.ply. 
kw I1Q = kpQllQ , S. this . 
kWQ si, n. to descend . 
kWQ lSi = koa si; to kneel down. 
12'" 
180 kwra - ladsono. 
hna = kora, kura (Ot. tho s.) , corroboration of kwa, adl'. 
truly , full y; really ; indeed; together , enlirely , at all; 
ebaa kwra, he is not at all coming. 
ky s. under ts. 
Kyere-poli , pro n. of a language spoken by a suppressed 
tribe in the interior. 
L. 
La , pro n. ("fire ") of. a town 2 mil es east-ward of Osu ; 
ge,nerally called by Europeans Labudai , Labude ; by the 
Akwapim -people Dade (comp. Late) ; the seat of one of 
t he greatest feli shes, called Lakpa. 
I a, Y. n. and a. , inf. la, lala, lamg , to knit togelher ; to 
hook, to fasten (a window etc.), to caleb, f. i. by words, 
to join (as tbe links of a chain); to dream (inf. Jamg) , 
to sing, inf. lamg and lala; la m. k. , Y. to sing S. b., 
in praise or scorn. 
la, n. hooking, joining. 
la, Ailli. Y. = ladse in Ga, perh. 10 hang some-where (s. 
the preceeding word) , to err, to be lost; to lose; to 
forget. 
la , n. fire, light (comp. kane); pI. lai, fuel. Compo ogya 
in Ot. Dg la, Y. info ladg , to be very hot; compo also 
ho la, hie Y!l la elc. 
I ii , n. pronounced with a higher voice than the former, 
b I 0 0 d; Ot. mogya, Ad. mug; fie Iii si, Y. to spill blood; 
the pI. lal is used for much blood as in Hebr. 
la no sa m. k., Y. to sing a mock-song (s . kpii) about s. h. 
lad!}, n. heat ; fro dg la, Y. 
ladse, Y. sometimes separated la dge, compo la, Adit. verb 
and § 27 , to be losl; to disappear; to lose COt. yera). 
Perf. tense, neg. voice, indo mood': ladseko and lako dse, 
info ladsemg;. compo also : wgsusumai eladseilwQ, our 
souls are never lost (for us) . 
ladse gbe, V. to lose t.he way; Ad. la big, V. 
ladse hie , Y. inf. hleladsemg, to disappear out of one's 
sight.; eladse mihle, he disappeared befQre me. 
ladselg, n. loser. 
ladsemg, n. losing; erring; disappearing; perdition; S. h1e-
kpatamg, fite!Ilg, n. 
ladseno, pI. -nii, n. any thing to take fire-coals with. 
ladso, n. spittle; tse -, V. info ladsotsemg, to spit; 
- fie m. k. ng , - at S. b. 
ladsono, pI. -nii, n. spitbox; ladsol.semgno, tho S. 
ladsotsemQ - laloku . 181 
lads6tsemQ, n. spitting. 
lafQsemQ, n. issue of blood. 
lasifiemQ , n. spilling of blood. 
laho, n. wantonness, naughtiness; issue of blood; fro hola, V. 
JaholQ, n. wanton, naughty, wild person. 
lai, pI. n. or collect. n. fuel; firewood; Ie lai , V. to gather 
fuel, firewood, info lail ~mQ. Compo tso, n. 
lailelQ, n. person gathering firewood. 
lail (}mQ, n. gathering of firewood . 
laitso, n. firebrapd; piece-firewood. 
laka , v. info lakamQ , to. persuade, to silence , to still; to 
beguile, to deceive. Compo dQkQ na and sisi, v. Ot. 
dada, v. 
laka gbeke, V. inf. gbekelakamQ, to stiU a child, to silence 
a child. 
laka he, V. info helakamQ, to deceive one's self. 
laka hIe, V. hlelakamQ, to deceive, beguile s. b. 
laka na, v. tho S. 
laka tsui, V. to still or silence the heart. 
lakalQ, n. ' persuader; silencer; deceiver. 
lakamQ, n. persuasion; silencing; deception. 
lakpa, n. excuse; to lakpa , info lakpato, to make excuses; 
to deny; compo dsie na, fa he; na ha m. k. v., abla, n. 
lakpato, n. excusing (if untrue); denial. 
lakpatolQ, n. a person excusing ' himself. 
lakpals§, n. tho S. 
lakpa, n. low bush not yet sufficiently grown to be cut for 
cultivation, compo ko, hayi, n. ; gba, V. hi} -, V. to cul-
tivate such bush, in want of better. 
lakpahumQ, n. cultivation of unripe, young bush. 
Lakpa, pro n. of the great fetish in La. He resides in a 
drum, which is secretly renewed from time to time by 
the fetish-priests . 
lakpatsa, n. a lUnd of young bush, = lakpa, n. 
lala, pI. V. of la, V. to be entangled. 
lala, n. singing; song; hymn. 
lalalse, pI. -ts§mei, n. singer; precentor; composer. 
lalilei, n. fire-tongue, i. e. flame. 
IllIQ , n. hawk. 
LaIQ , n. pro of "gbobalQi" (n. which see). 
lal\), n. a p~rson hooking or joining; dreamer; singer; fro 
la, V. 
laloku, n. AdiJ.. an animal living in the river Volta and said 
to come to shore and eat grass. It is said to be of 
182 Lamei - latsatsa. 
the size of a pig, the skin of it resembles that of a 
pig also. 
Lamei, pI. people of La, - towns ; sing. Lanyo. 
lami, n. fin ger·nail ; nail of the toes . 
lamifiQmQ, n. culling of the fing ernails. 
lamlu, n. lit. fire-dust, i. e. ashes ; ash-colour ; death- colour 
(of black people) . 
lamQ, n. hooking; joining; dreaming; singing; dream. 
lamQ, n. steam ; s. lasu. 
lamQ and lemQ , inf. tho s. V. 10 lick ; S. sQ, V. 
lallmQ , n. navel. 
lal'lmollbln , lamQgblu , - gbugblu, n. rupture of th e navel, 
very common among the natives, because newborn chil-
dren are negligently treated in this respect. 
lan Q, n. place over the fire. 
lao, n. dan. sheet. 
lasa = latSa, n. a fruit. 
lasremi, n. spark. 
lasil, n. (comp. 's il) smoke ; steam ; lit. fir fl -dust. 
lasul ele, pI. -Iedsi, n. steamer ; S. lele, n. 
lasGogble, n. whirl-wind. 
lasa, n. fire~burning. 
laseremQ , n. kindling of a fire. 
lasil, n. tho S. 
lala, v. latamQ , to stilch ; to base. 
latalQ , n. stitcher, baser. 
latamQ , n. stitching ; basing. 
latamQkpa, n. basing-thread. 
late" n. fire-stone, i. e. hearth. 
Late , pr. n. of -a town 25 miles north of Prampram in the 
Akwapim - mountains; the inhabitants speak Kyerepon ; 
Ot. Date. 
latesi, n. hearth-ground; kitchen, compo koisi, kpalasi, Tesi 
(and Ot. - ase in Bibiase, Odumase etc.). 
latete, n. hearth-stone. 
latsa, n . (= la tfa? , tfa, to boil) heat ; sw eat, perspiration ; 
latsa tsa, V. to be hot ; to cause sweat, perspiration, info 
latsatsa, -t~al e ; laU;a tsale, he is hot, heated , he per-
spires. Adil. tho S. Camp. hOmQ, kiimai, feI etc. 
latsa, n. stir-apple; an ealable fruil. 
latsabe, n. time of heat; hot season (camp. otsokrikri); 
summer. 
latsagbeT, n. heat-pimples. 
latsatsa, - tsale, n. heat; perspiration. 
latsatSo - Ill. 183 
lalsalso, pI. - tsei, n. stir-appletree. 
lalso, p!. -tsei, n. fire-Slick; fire-brand; s. lailso, n. th. s. 
la15o, n. sharpness, wickedness; bravery, fro tso la, V. 
lalsolg, n. sharp, wicked; brave fellow. 
lau, s. lao, n. sheet. 
LaIVe, AdJi.. pI'. n. of males. ' 
lawo, n. heal; fl'. IVa la, V. to be hot; camp. also mlila ; 
mli wo la, v. healing; burning, kindling. 
lawolg, n. incendiary. 
Ie, info Ie, aor. neg. irreg. Ie with neg. voice, and regu!. 
lee, v. - to know , to wit; sometimes = to be able, to 
understand, f. i. mile femg, I. am able, understand, know 
to do it; mil ee yeli , I don't understand to eat, i. e. I 
can not eat il; Ie nii, v. to know things, to be learned, 
understanding, prudent , wise; info nile or niile; camp. 
also na, na na, na siSi, yo; nye, V. iii!, n.; Ot. nim ; bO. 
Adn. tho S. 
Ie, Ie, n. knowledge, . wisdom; understanding, camp. niile. 
Ie be, v. to know the lime; to be aware. 
Ie dsei, V. to know there; to have be_en 
Ie he, info hele, V. to know one's self. 
Ie he ko, V. to know a place. 
Ie he nii, inf. heniile, V. to know about one's self; to be 
conscious. 
Ie se, V. to know one's back; to be circumspect. 
I!), info I!), I~mg , V. n. and a. to fee d; to nurse; to nour-
ish; to raise; to bring up, info Ill; to widen, to be IV ide, 
broad, info Illlll and kmg. 
III he, V. hel!), to support one's self. 
III lai, inf. lailllmg, V. (to feed the fire?) to gather fire-
wood. 
III mJi, info mlilllmg , v. to widen (inside) . 
III m. k. si, V. to stretch s. b. out; to hurt, wound, injure 
S. b. inf. sil!)ml); to forsake, to leav(j one alone. 
Ii}, n. feeding; nursing; nourishing; raising, bringing up. 
I!) , pI. lehi, Adn. n. vessel, ship, )loat = leI!), pI. l(ldsi, 
in GiL 
l!l, pron. camp. § 21, 34; independent pel's. subs!. pron 
he, she (it); camp. e; Adil. l!l, Ot. on6; demonstrat. 
adj. pro or defin. article, the (bet, Die, bu~); Ad. g, also 
used to define sentences; in this case = Adi!. n~, Ot. 
no; personal objective pronoull, combined with the verb, 
him, her (it), Ad. l!l, Ot. no; f. i. Gbomo III ni nyie 
bill l!l, Ill· eyil!l; the person who walked here about, 
184 
(even) h e flogged her, bet Wlenfd) bet bo ~entlnging, 
bet fd)lug fie. 
hl , pron. Adil. he, she; him, her; s. the former. 
lehi (forme.r1y legbu), n. morning ; adv. in the morning 
(morgen ~) ; - mra, - manke, - maJlkpa, - ademailke, 
earl y in the morning ; compo also dse tS !}re, V. dsetsere-
mQ , n. 
lebi!)Q , n. morning dew. 
lebila, n. morning light. 
lebilala, n. morning hymn. 
lebiniitsum Q, n. morning-work. 
lebiniyenii, pI. n. break-fast, comp: nakpamQ , n. and kpa 
na, v. 
Ie.bina, pI. - nii, n. S. lh. pertaining to mornin g. 
lebisQlemQ , n. morning-prayer ; morning-service. 
lebisane, n. morning palaver. 
ledient se (Adi!. lenitse) , pron. he himself, himself; she 
herself, herself. 
legehao, n. dan. <5iigenrid)ter; an instrument to rectify saws. 
legelege, adj . slender, thin; fe -, v. 
legelegefemQ, n. slenaerness. 
Hibe, n. feeding place; pasture. 
lei, n. tail. 
lek elt), leketerele (s. Ie and tetre), adj. and adv. wide, 
hroad; - ly. 
lekolo, n. fat cattle, falling. 
lele, pI. ledsi, n. vessel, ship , boat (comp. ahima, ah eil-
kese, duakro, aillese etc.). Adil. Ie , Ot. hyeil. Lele 
m6 m. k. , v. to be affected by sea-sickness; s. nSQ, n. 
lele, pron. corroboration of Ie, even he, or sbe, the same; 
. conj. = no Ie , keke Ie , then. 
1!}lebii, 1!'lI!lilbii, p1. n. ships-crew. 
leledfa, n. ship -wreck (s. dfa). 
lelekpelQ , n. ship-wright (s. kpe , v.). 
1!}letseienyo, two-mast-shiP'1 B th f th se formations are 
leletseiete, three-mast-ship. 0 0 e. 
quite irregular in Ga, but frequent in Otyi, compo dua-
kro, one-mast (~il1mafler). 
leletse, pI. - tsemei, n. ship-master, captain . 
leleil, adv. certainly, truly, ve.rily; int. verily, truly! compo 
asallQkwa, anQkwa ; kreM etc. 
leleo, adj. and adv. narrow; narrowly. 
leletso, leleiltso, pI. - tsei, n. ships-mast; a kind of cloth. 
leleya, n. going in or of a ship. 
lelQ - 10 . 185 
lelQ , n. knowing , wise, prudent person. 
1!lIQ, n, feeder; nurse. 
lema, n. ax. 
l!lmQ = lamQ, info tho s., v. to lick. 
l(}mQ, n. breadth; wideness, width . 
. lemQ, n. licking. 
l!lte, v. to be frugal , moderate, to spare; inf. 
letemQ , n. sparing; frugality; moderation. 
lete he, inf. heletemQ, v. = !rte, V. 
Ii, info limQ, v. to scoff, to moek ; stronger than · ye he 
feo or gbe he guO. 
lia, info liamo, v. perh. europ. word, t.o line. 
liamo, n. lining. 
liamQtso, pI. - tsei, n. ruler. 
lila si, V. info sililamg, to be in doubt ; to be hanging about, 
to loiter; to delay, defer, tarry. Camp. dida, V. _ 
lil ei, n. tongue; nSQ-lilei, n. sea-tongue, a kind of seafish 
(Bunge); la-lil!li , flame ; - nta, double tongue , literally 
and tropically. 
Ligble, pro n. of t.he great fetish in Prampram. 
liI'lli, adj. and adv. crooked, -ly ; nane lili.li, a crooked leg. 
lilo, n. scoffer. 
lio = legelege, adj. thin, slender. 
, limo , n. scoffing, mocking. 
10 , V. info 10 and lomo , to lake np, to lake away; gener-
ally used of a mass of things taken up together, camp. 
kQ , kQlo; 11'0, hole; li.o; dsie , V. etc. wherefore: to 
scoop up (auf[d,lo:pfen), f. i. sand, swish, stones etc., inf. 
lomo ; to weave; to knit; to twist; to make nets, bask@ts, 
bags etc., inf. 10. Peculiar expressions are: nu 10 m. k. ; 
WQ 10 m. k. etc. water takes S. b. away; sleep overcomes 
S. b. Alo gbomo Ie afie, ni ake fQmonii ba sla, th e man 
(child) is cast away and the afterbirth brought home, prY. 
10 atil, info alillomQ, to take with the arms , to embrace, 
compo atil , here atu; 10 hIe, - hIeli.mllii , V. to frown ; 
10 hie 11'0 mli , to frown at, to stare at; compo kpe , V. 
10 n. k. hil, V. to take a\vay in a storm, at once. 
10 la, inf. l11IOIllQ, v. to tak e up blood; to bring blood and 
its revenge upon one's self; elo mali. la, he has the re-
venge of the tribe upon him, S. man, n.; blood spilt must 
be laken up, because it defiles t.he ground; tbis is done 
by tbe revenge or punishment for it. 
10 , pI. loi , n. flesh; meat ; living creatures; helo, hewolo, 
flesh of man; kolo , bush-flesh, wild beast, beast; loflo, 
186 '10 - IQkQmQ. 
bird ; 10, nSQli.lo, faillo, fis-h , sea-fish, riverfish; wolo, skin; 
10 Ii.kil or Ii.klni , lean meat ; '01'0 10 or loi , v. to bring 
fort.h fishes (of water); losra, loala, losala, n. lit. rotten 
meat or fish , a kind of preserved fish etc.; gbe 10, v. 
to kill (to catch) fish, ho -, v. to sell - ; sa 10 , v. 
to angle, etc. 
' 10 , alo, conj. and interrogatory particle, 0 r , in close con-
nection of the sent.ence the "a" is cut off. Also if it 
is the interrogatory particle , it may be translat.ed with 
or , the fo llowing contradictory sentence to be left out, 
f. i. Oba lo? Are you coming or (sc. not.)? Compo 
be ; nto, ani, aso, Ot. ana ; lat. ne, num; greek f-L~ (im 
C5d)mi\bi[cl)en "bit" ?). A very frequently used word at 
t.h e end of enumerating sentences is ,,10 no ", "or a thing" 
== "or the like ", "or so", "etc. " 
10, n. weaving, knitting , twist.ing etc., S. 10, V. 
IQ = IQil , n. a kind of thread, twine or cord made from 
the "adobe" - palm-tree. 
10dCi, n. catching of fish or game by traps. 
lofa, n. fish-river; fish-pool. 
lofine, pI. - fidsi, n. fin; S. fine. 
10 flikilQ , n. flying fish. 
lofle, pI. 10fOdsi, n. bird, compo 10, kolo etc. 
loflobi, n. young bird. 
loflobu, - flQ , n. hole of a bird. 
loflodil, n. bird-catching. 
10flodillQ , n. bird-catcher; S. duo 
10floflikimQ, n. flight of birds. 
loflonabn, n. birdsmouth, bill. 
loflotsu, n. birds -nes!. 
loflowao, pI. - wabii, n. birdsfinger, claw, talon. 
10flowiemQ, n. birds-talk. 
10t1owQIQ, pI. - wQdsi, 11. birds-egg. 
logbe, n. catching of fish fro gbe 10, V. 
lohetolo, lotolo, n. scales of fishes. 
10bo1Q, n. fish-monger. 
lahomQ, n. fish-mongery. 
IQke, info IQkemQ, V. to sprain; to disjoint, dislocate; mi-
nane eloke, my foot is sprained; = IQlie, v. tho S. 
10kemQ, n. spraining; dislocation; disjoint. 
IQkQ (or IQgQ) , V. info IQkgmQ, to go round, - - round 
about., astray. 
lQkQmQ, n. going round, astray. 
iQkQliki - lumQ. 187 
IQkoliki or lQgoligi, adj. serpentlike, gefcf)lnl1ge1t; fe -, v. 
fcf)l,ingell1. 
loko si, inf. silQkQmQ , v. tho S. 
lokoli , n. horn of a beast. 
lokolio, loto, pI. - bii, adj. very small; fe -, v. to be - -. 
10kprQkemo, n. scaling of fishes. 
1010, adv. still; yet; now; ehYe ka 1010, he is still aliv.e; 
compo kIT he, v. 
1010, n. weaver, knitter etc., fro 10, v. 
10mQ, n. taking up. 
Lomo, pro n. of males. 
10mQ, inf. lomo , 10mQmQ , v. to curse; to scold hard; to 
blaspheme; s. bo musu, V. 
lomQ, 10mQmQ, n. cursing, scolding, blaspbeming; S. mu-
subQ, n. 
]omQIQ? n. cursing person. 
lomomQ, n. catching of fish, venison. 
lQn, n. a kind of thread, twine or cord made of the "adobl)"-
pa)m-tree. S. 10 . It is generally used for basing only. 
lonsala, losla, losra, n. preserved fish, lit. rotten fish . 
Iota, info 10tamQ, v. to stir up = futa, V. tsine nQ -, v. 
to have stomack-ache, to be inclined to vomit. 
lQPo, n. flea = gbehenmoli, S. this. 
10samQ, n. angling fro sa 10, . v. 
loto = lokotio, pI. - bii, adj. very small . 
Iota to, n. fish-scales. 
'lowQ, olowQ, n. leopard = kotSl) , hleilmaIQ etc. 
lowu, n. fish-bone. 
loyeli, n. meat-eating, flesh-eating. 
10yelQ, n. meat-, flesh-eater. 
lu, v. inf. 10 and lumQ, pI. lumQ, to strike , to smite, to 
fall; to cast; lu m. k. tfl, to pelt S. b. with a slone; 
lumQ - - tei, - - - - - stones; to be dull, stupified foolish. 
Compo tfa, V. f6, v. 
lu si, v. info SilumQ, to fall down, compo tfa si, gbe si, V. 
la, n. striking, smiting; falling; pelting; dullness. 
la, n. skylight; bole or opening in the top of a house or 
thatch; chimney. 
lulo, n. striker, pelter. 
lulolu , adj. and adv . . (imitation of the sounu of flowing 
waler) soft, quiet; -Iy, -Iy; of the flowing of a river; 
fe -, v. to be quiet; to flow quietly. 
iulolufemo, n. quietness. 
umo, n. casting, striking, pelting; fro Ill, V. 
188 lumo - rna. 
lumo , pI. lumei , n. prince; governor; commandant; see 
amrado; mailtsgbi; ablade; ye lumo, v, info lumoyeli, to 
govern. 
lumobi, n. prince. 
lumohewal!l , n. power of government. 
lumoyeli, n. government; rule. 
lumoyelibe, n. time of government. 
lumoyelih e, n. plac.e of government; seat of go,'el'l1ment. 
lumoying , n. period or reign of a governor. 
lumoyingbii, pI. n. contemporaries of a governor. 
Ius, n. dan. candle; compo kane, n. 
lustso, pI. -t!iei, n. candle-stick. 
lutu, inf. lutumg , v. to mix (with earth, mud etc.; S. futu) ; 
to dig the ground (and mix it for cultivation); compo 
Iota, futa, V. futu , V. 
lulumQ , n. mixing ; digging. 
M. 
W o'rds not to be found under M. S. under J1m. 
M a, V. info mli, and mamg, pI. mamg , to lit), of hard and 
large things, to sland, used of boxes, presses etc.; compo 
damg, V. to lay, tl) set, to put, 1.0 stand, v. a., generally 
"k!l-ma"' ; to build = tfa ; - to borrow; to lend (not 
used of money, but of other things, s. fa, v.); to knock. 
with the bones of the fist. Compo Ot. rna, to give; and 
Ga: damg , v. 
rna aladsa, V. to row with long sticks, where ground is to 
be found. 
rna be, v, info hema, to plaster (a house etc.). 
rna hie, inf. hiema, V. to set before; to stand or lie before. 
rnii mli, V. info mlima , to stand, lie, rest in; to set into; 
to plaster inside. 
rna na, v. inf. nama, to stand at elc. 
rna ng, v. . info ngma, to stand on, 
rna S!l, V. inf. sema, to stand back, behind. 
rna n. k. ng aduatsQ, V. to affirm S. tho 
rna !ii, V. info similmg, sima, to sland, lie, rest on the 
ground; to set down, to stand down. 
ma t!iu, inf. tSuma, V. to build = tfa tSu, v. 
rna yi !ii, V. yiSima, to let the head sink down. 
rna - before verbs = rni a, rni ba, I will or shall, compo 
Table VII. 
rna - mama. 189 
mil , n. lending ; borrowing; setting; standing; building ; box 
on the ear , strok e; gba m. k. hie rna, to strik e s. b. 
into his fac e; etc. fro rna, V. 
rna, n. maize -flour , generally wet , because ground with -
water ; dough ; to ma, to put the loaves into the oven ; 
flour. 
ma , Adil. v. = ba, to come; Ot. ba , Ayigbe fa. 
rna, mail, pI. madili, n. building?, town, people of it, tribe, 
nation ; country. In this word as in da, dail ; de, clei1 ; 
te, teli , th e terminational augment]i = mli is sometimes 
separabl e, sometimes ins~parable, as mai1 l!l and rna le]'l, 
inside of the town , the town and its contents; as the 
ideas of both may also be considered separable or in -
separable (camp. go to town , go into town , rul e th e 
town [together with its contents] rule in the lawn , GJ : 
yemail hl nQ and ye ma leil no). Ot. oma]'! ; Ad. rna, 
mam, tho S. 
maba = mawa, n. maid-servant (9Ragb). 
madse, inf. madsemQ, V. to send (some thing, not persons, s. 
tsu, v.). Camp. rna and § 27 about the compounds of 
"el se" . 
madselQ, n. sender ; speditor. 
madsemQ, n. sending, spedition, S. madse and camp. tsu, V. 
miiilsi, pI. of mnn, n. towns, tribes. 
madsimiidsi fe, all the different towns or trib es . 
madsiasane, n. na lional palaver . . 
mllgbamo , n. striking , boxin g, S. gba rna , V. maigblamQ, 
th o s. 
magbalQ, n. boxer. 
magbelemo and miiwyiemQ , n. grinding of flour; S. rna, n. 
mahiltso, pI. -tsei, n. mahogany-wood ; - tree. 
mahulso-okplo, n. mahogany table. 
maMa! salutation (O~. = "mannii" in G. how is the town 
here?) answer: mii il dSQ! the 1o wn i ~ quiet. 
maT, n. (s. rna) boxes ; gbla mal, V. to box. 
male, info malemQ , v. to lie, compo pasa ; pecu!. sentence: 
omalee , omaleko! lit. thou didst not lie, thou hast not 
lied! = it is true, thou art right! 
'male, amale, n. lie. 
'maleIQ, amalelQ, n. liar = opasafo . 
'malemQ , amalemQ, n. lying; lie. 
malQ , n. setter; bnilder fr. rna, V. 
mam, Adil. n. = mail , town etc. 
mama, redup. V. of m.;1, V. 
190 mama - mail. 
mama, n. doth of any kind; clot.h or dress upper gar- · 
-ment of the natives, consist.ing of a large square piecr ' 
tastefull y cast by men ol'er one shoulder or fixed round I 
th e waist and t10wing down to th e fe et, by women it 
is fix ed above the breasts (generally when married) or 
under them (generally when unmarried) and only reach-
ing t.o th e knees. The latter wear a kind of shawl over 
it. See lekle, under-cloth of men and boi, n. tho S. of 
women . With poor people the "mama" is also the 
"c o yer" in the night; during hard work it is put aside; 
sometimes it is used as ye·ssel to carry s. tho in. Compo 
the Hebr. lus t.oms. Dsie mama, y. to put the cloth ofT; 
with men "to remove it from the chest. as a sign of 
respect; hu (or ha or wo) mama , v. to dress wit.h it, 
to wear native-dress (eomp. wo at.ade); to eoyer one's 
self with cloth; 10 mama , V. to weave cloth ; kpe ma-
ma , y. to sew cloth etc . 10 mama mli, y. to wear a 
"mama" whieh is to large ; to embroider. 
mamabu, - bumQ , n. wearing of native-dress ; eovering. 
mamadsiemQ, n. undressing ; un covering; a sign of respect. 
mamaf\), n. rest of clot.h ; rag. 
mamaha, = mamabumQ. 
mamahefQmQ, n. washing of cloth; s. niiahefQmQ , n. 
mamaholQ, n. cloth-dealer. 
mamahOmQ, n. cloth-dealing.; S. ho, v. 
mamakpe, n. sewing of cloth. 
mamilkpelQ, n. nati ve tailor, - seamstress ; s. niikpelQ. 
mamakwamQ , n. losing colour of cloth. 
mamalolQ, n. weaver. 
rna malo , n. weaving. 
mamalomQ , mamaillomQ , tho S. 
mamaillo, n. embroidering , fr. 10 mama mli. 
mamawo = mamaba , - ha; but seldom used; compo wo 
atade, V. 
mami, n. engl. = ma'am, madam. 
mamQ, pI. form of ma ; n. setting; standing; building; S. 
rna, V. and n. 
mampam, mankpam, malikpiiIi., Ot. mampiim; n. land cro-
codile ; it is of a smaller size, than those living in water 
(ba, dseildseil), and eaten by the natives. 
mamu, n. roasted maize-flour, a favorite food for travellers, 
warriors etc. made into pap; S. tremasugbQ etc. 
man, pI. rniidsi (Ot. oman, Adil. mam), n. lit. inside of a 
town = rna mli, S. ma, town, towns-people as a body; 
mail mailnye. 191 
tribe; peo.ple, natio.n; kingdo.m; co.untry (in a Po.litical 
sense); co.mp. akrowa; mailku, asaro., la, akulso., dsaku, 
weku; sikpon; akwason etc. 
man, pI. madsi, n. a kind o.f herring, the seafish most 
frequently caught alDng this CDast and in great masses 
sDld into. the interiDr. 
miin-akutso., pI. - tsei, n. tDwn-quarter with its inhabitants ; 
divided into. "wekumei" Dr families. 
man-asafD , n. tDwn-CDmpany; a military divisiDn answering 
to' "akutsD", whieh is a civil-divis iDn . 
manbii, pI. o.f mann yO. (seldDm used), lit. children Df a tDwn 
(cDmp. the Hebr.) tDwns-peo.ple; citizens. 
manbg = manto, n. fDunding Dr fDundatiDn Df a tDwn; 
fT. bQ mail. 
manbQlQ = mantDlQ, n. fDunder Df a tDwn (after WhDm it 
is Dften called, f. i. Asonman, YaDman, Adseiman, Adu-
man etc.). 
manba , n. tDwns-watch, protectiDn Df a tDwn Dr peo.ple ; 
fr. bu man, v. 
mandfa, n. breaking, destructiDn Df a tDwn, Dr the peDple ; 
fr. dfa man, v. 
mand sQ, mandsQle , n. puplic safety, security, peace, s. 
dSQ , hedsQ, hedsQle etc.; fro ma!'l dSQ, v. 
maMo, n. walking in the town in prDcessiDn ; fro fD man, v. 
'm1iMo, 'mamfo, am., n. ruins (Df a tDwn); S. kDikDi, kuikui. 
manD, n. the mangD-fruit. 
manDtsD, pI. -t sei, n. mangDtree. 
maJig6, mano, n. Ot. th. S. fDDt-sto.DI; bench; S. sel, ablDgwa. 
manke = ademanke, and 
'maJlko, am., n. (Ot.) civ il war, s. manso. 
mankpa, n. and adv. early in the mDrning; (at) daybreak ; 
- mra, very early; lebi-mankpa, S. lebi, n. hie fuleful e, 
- miilamaUi., n. 
mankpa, n. walking abDut in the tDwn; S. kpa, v. 
miinkpagbe, n. IDitering dDg; lDiterer. 
mankpam, s. mampam. 
mankpe, mankpemQ, n. assembling or assembly Df the tDwn 
Dr peDple ; S. kpe, v. 
mankralg, manklalQ, n. town- genius, S. kla; the first in 
rank after the king. 
mankO, n. part Df a tDwn, tribe. 
mannii, pI. n. things belDnging to' a tDwn. 
mannyt' , pI. -nyemei, n. lit. tDwns-, peDple's- or CDuntry-
mDther; queen , if ruling (s. mants!lnii) first WDman in 
192 malinyo - mailtsena. 
a town, who has to lead the women in any public busi-
ness or in war. She has female officers under her. This 
institution is of great serviees . Ye - , v. to be queen 
elc. info manu)'eyeli. Comp o maMs!' , n. 
mannyo, pl. . malibii n. the sing. is seldom used ; eitizen, 
inhabitant of -a town manyo , tho s. 
miiiInQyeli , n. government of a town; s. malitsl;'yeli , n. 
manse, n. back of the town, behind the town; region far 
away; adv. afar, far away, afar off, - son , very far; ete 
malise , he is gone to a far countr)' , on a journey ; 
mans e - , foreign; manstl-wiemQ , foreign language etc. 
mali senyo, pI. - mei, - bii , n. foreigner; stranger; s. gbg. n. 
mansenB, pI. -nii, n. strange, foreign thing. 
manso , manso, n. public difficulty; r i val r y; guilt.; rebel-
lion, revolution ; civil - war. Compo so, atUa. K\} m. k. 
tso maliso, v. to live with S. b. in rivalry. 
mansotso, n. enmity (of public kind), rivalit.y ; compo nye, 
hedso, hieko etc. 
mansBlsBIQ, n. rival , enemy; fro tso mailso. 
mailsu and 
malisubail, n. character of a town, nation, etc. 
malita, n. army of a town or people ; war of a town or 
people, s. ta, n. 
malit.abiIQi, n. garrison, soldiers, warriors of a town. 
mailto, n. founding of a town, fro t.o man; compo bg man; 
manbQ. 
mailto lQ, n. founder of a town = manbglg. 
malitS e, pl. malilsemei or madsiatsemei , n. lit. towns-father; 
country-father (,,2onbe~\Jaterll); king ; first person of a 
town ; caboseer; major. (,Ri.\nig; 'Burgermeifter; <5d)ult-
l)cijj); ye mailtse, v. to be king etc. to rule, reign ; inf. 
mailt seyeli; wo m. k. mants!), inf. mailts\lwo, to exalt. S. b. 
to be king, to make s. b. king ; kpa maills!) (sc. ye sei 
Ie ng) info mailts!) kpamQ , to dethrone a king, S. kpa. 
Compo mailnye , n., and kOli, n. matse in Adil. 
mailtsebi, com. n. - binu, pI. bihi m. n. - biyo, pI. biyei, 
f. n. kings child; prince; princess. 
miinlsebg, n. creation of a king; = mailtsewB, n. 
mailtSefai, n. kings-hat, crown, diadem. Compo akekre, n., 
koilfai, n. 
miiilLsekpamQ, n. dethroning of a king; fr. kpa maiJ.tse, v. 
maIi.ts\lmiiil., n. Kings-town; residence. 
mailLs!)ila, pI. man,ts!)iJ.ii.mei, maills!)meiailamei, wife of a 
king; queen, compo mailnye. 
mantseselngtamg - matailw6. t 93 
miiiltseselngtamg, n. enthroninK of a king , fl'. mailtse , ta 
seT ng , v. 
mailtSeseI, n. seat of the king, sometimes richly decorated, 
throne; m1iiltse ta (sc, sei) ng, t.he king is enthroned. 
mailts!)seIterelg , n, throne - or stool-bearer to the king, 
maiItses!)mo , pI. semei, n, the ' first person in rank 'after 
the king ; s. mailkralg, s~mo, n" snccessor of a king. 
maiIlseseo , pI. . sebii, n. the next following or puisne 
brother of a .king; the crown-prince, successor. 
maiItSeta, n. royal army, 
maiI ts!)tse, n. father of the king. 
miiilt s!) tso, n. royal star; scepter. 
malitsewe, n. king'shouse; court; residence, 
malits!)weku, n. royal family. 
maiIls!)webii, n. royal household. 
miints!)wiemg, n. a royal word. 
manls!)yeli , n. reign ; kingdom; government, . 
miiittseyelihe, n. kingdom ; residence of the government.. 
maiIts!)ying, n. time of government of a king; Dawid, 
mantse Ie )'ing , under the king David (gr. bd c, gen.), 
manyamanya , adj. and adv, rough , with a rent surface, dis-
orderly; kagiimg akutu I!) manyamanya, take WQ tsglseQ 
furui hie, don't peel the orange roughl y, as (if) a fowl 
picks the face of a pudding. 
manyamanyil.femQ , D. roughness. 
Manya (,,1 have found" or ,,1 shall find") , pr. n. of one 
of the KrQbg-towns (that one belonging to OdgiIkQ Azu, 
s. YilQ, pr. n.). 
Masa, Mansi): (01..) pr. n, of the third daughter. 
mas!)i, n. and ad". side; near; ba mimasei , come at my 
side; ba mino, come to me. Ad, rnase, n. 
maseigbd, n, access to a person ; s. ilogbe, n. 
masa, n. rotten dough, i. e, leaven; compo sa, sala, losia 
etc, woo 
masa, inf. masaw6 , v. to leaven; but compo fU , V. to be 
leavened. 
miisaw6, n. leavening. 
masi, n. land of a people, people, nation. 
miHil , matiimata , adj, and adv, mixed,' slimy, soft; slimily ; 
fe - , v. 
matafemQ , n. softness etc, 
malan, n. interruption; wo V. to interrupt; alali, 
anantaka, etc. 
matanwo , n. interruption, 
Zimmermann, Alua-Vocab. 13 
194 maIO - memedlii. 
malo, n. putl.ing bread into the oven; 10 mil, v. [ 0 put Ih e 
doughy bread into Ihe OY.f ll . 
malOl Q, n. person doing Ulis (in Germ. ,,15cl)iefjet Jl ). 
mats!) , Ad. II . I m1\1i ts() . 
mawa, n. maid-servant, 9)?<l nO. The wo rd is either Ot)'i-
baba, maba, maw a, female person; or dan. 
m~, inf. m(j, to wait.; - - for; to exper.t , to hope; to re-
main, to be quiet; compo kwe gbe; hie me, inf. hieme, 
Y. to be at hom e, to be contanl, S. hIe tse , tho con-
trary. 
miL n. waiting. 
me, meni, inter. pron. what? Sometimes it is put at the 
end of inter. sentences, as: Sane ni adsadse a180 Ie dsi 
me? lit. th e palaver which was related is what? = what 
is the palaver? -
meba, meba , = meni ba , adv. pron. lit. wha t came? 
why? M()ba okeemi? Why didst thou not tell me ? = 
menihewQ ni ... ? 
mebe.yinQ? what time, when? 
me, Ad!'\. pron. objectively used , them, = am() in Gil; 
n. people = mei in Ga. 
mri, n. matt er coming out from th e eyes psp. when sick. 
m()i , n. small red beans growing at a shrub and used for 
gold weighing. 
m~itso , n. the shrub of them. 
mei, me, pI. of mo whieh see, n. person; = people; Genu. 
man, see a. 
meiabQ nl , as many as . ... 
meididsiano, pI. - nii , n. something appertaining to black 
people; comp . blQfono, n. 
Meididsiasikpon, pro n.lit. black people's land (s. mo-
din), Africa. 
meididsiasane,. n. palaver, matter of black people ; compo 
blQfOsane , n. 
mele, inf. melemQ , V. dan. to inform, reporl , esp. one's 
self as sick et.c. ("mdben" ). 
melelQ, n. informer, report.ed ; person reported as sick. 
melemQ , n. report , information ; report, that S. body is sick. 
mele, adj. bad, nasty. 
miele, omele, n. thirty cowries. 
melo, n. wait.ing person. 
melo and adj. stupid, lazy ; dull. 
memeelsi , irreg. pI. of momo, adj. old ; hi meelsi or hI 
memedsi, olel men. 
mi. 195 
memQ, n. wailing. 
me.n!:) = monl}, demo pron. this (person) ; pI. menl}mei. 
menl}? = what (is) this? = meni dsi enl}? 
meni = me, the former mOTe used in the beginning, the 
latter more at the end_ of sentences and in combinations, 
int. pron. what? f. i. Meni ekl}? What he said? Ekl} 
me? tho S. Me gbomo ba? what man rame? But " ni 
(ni)" being originally also a v e rb = dlii, to be (camp. 
nl, reI. pron. and conj.) meni gbomo ba 1 can also be 
said. Sometimes "meni" is also put at the end of a 
sentence. 
menimeni? whatever? used as adv. above all, best, f. i. 
K!:) ele nil menimeni l~, elee tamQ blQfomei, if he under-
stood art best, he does not underst.and like the Europeans. 
S. fe n. k. v. 
Mensa and Mesa , pro n. of the third son (Ot.); S . Mansa, 
pro n. 
mensre, n. dan. ph)'sician; doctor; camp. tsalQ; tsofatse,n . 
mensr~tsll, n. docters' room; apothecarys' shop. 
m~r!:)ke, n. large river-fishes wjth flat heads, a great article 
of trade in the Voltaregions. 
mf6nini, mfoniri (Ot. tho s.) n. picture; S. amaga, suban, 
heno etc. 
mluna, n. a kind of young bush; S. lakpa, n. 
mi , V. inf. mile, hunting with dogs (camp. gbQbi); ya mile, 
v. tho S. (go ahunting). 
m!, v. . info m!mQ , to submerge, to sink ; to be swallowed; 
to swallow ; to make swallow; to dip into; to enter into 
S. business; to venture, to dare. 
mi, n. round little stones or nuts to play with; S. fQbite; 
a similar stone. 
mi , m' AdiJ. n. inside = mli in Ga, mu in Otyi, me in 
A)'igbe. 
m! , n. breast - or chest - bone; chest; heart (camp. tsitsi 
and tsui); mj se, inl. mIse, V. (the breast-bone reaches, 
is large enougb) to be content, bappy; to rejoice, simi-
lar to bie m!:), v. ; sedse m. k. m!, V. transit. of the 
former (camp. § 27 about dse) to 'make one's breast, or 
cbest satisfied , to comfort, rejoice S. b., inf. m!sedsemQ; 
ke nine f6 mj na, to lay the hane\ upon the breast (in 
acknowledgement of guilt, accusation etc. or in giving 
a promise; hie .plll1h allf'~ .per3 legen. 
mi, m-, n-, n-; -mi, ·m', -n, 'n , pers. pron. I; mine; 
me; camp. § 34. 
13* 
196 mlm mls~sane. 
mlm -, ml -, m -, n - , n- , present. augment § 13 f. 
mta , v. info mlamQ , to squeeze, to press; to gird one's 
self; - he, V. to gird the loins, inf. hemlamQ ; -sen , v. 
to throUlc , 10 strangle; S. sen , V. and n. 
mla hIe, inL hlemiamQ , to press the face , to sustain , (,0 _ 
bear (pain , labour etc.). 
mlalQ , n. a person' p'fessing etc. fro mia, V. 
mlamQ, n. pressing, squeezing, girding; throttling. Camp. 
s!,)limQ. 
mran , pI. mladsi , n. mole, molewarp. 
mlamQno , pI. - nii , n. girdle. 
mido = mikome , mikek~ , I alone; only I; camp. to, eko-
meto , tho s. 
mrdsi , pI. of mlle, n. drum. 
mldsia)'i1Q , n. drummer. 
mldsiayl, n. drumming , fr. yi mile , v. 
mik~k (l, mikome, I alone, I only. 
m'fl ~, n. sporting, hunt.ing wit.h hounds ; compo gbQbimQ, n. 
mi1elo , n. venison; = gbQPilo, n. 
m'fle1oniiyenii, pI. n. prepared venison. 
milQ , n. sportsman, camp. gbQbilQ, gbQIQ, 11. th. s. 
mlle, pI. mldsi, n. small kind of drums; yi -, v. drum; 
s. otnnte, ob6nu . etc. 
mileyI, n. drumming. 
mi1eyiIQ, n. drummer. 
mlletse, n. tho S. 
mlm -, S. mI - ; present augment. 
mlIQ , n. swallower ; dipper. 
mlmQ, n. submersion , sinking; swallowing; dipping; 
baptism. 
Mimpemihoasem, pro n. of a village (Ot. . I don 't like 
palaver! camp. OdQmiabra = If thou love me , come! 
pr. n. of a village not far from the former). 
min = mini = midsi , it is I. 
mIn - = mTm - , mT-, 'present aug. 
myna, n: chest; compo tsitsi, fufQ, n. 
mIs~, n. contentment; happiness; rejoicing, joy; pleasure, 
comfort. S. ml, n. Compo hieme, n. 
miSebe, n. joyful time. 
mlsedselQ, n. comforter, rejoicer, fro sedse m. k. mT , s. 
1111, n. 
mTsedsemQ, n. c.omforling, rejoicing; comfort; S. kpalamQ, n. 
mTsedsemQsane, n. comforting circumstance. 
mlsesane , n. joyful news. 
mitso - mli. 197 
milso, pI. - tsei, n. a tree bearing 1he nut, called "mi ", n. 
mia , mra , Ot. th. s., n. law; 11'0 mia , v. info mlawo, to 
give a law; to mia , V. info mlatO, mlatomQ . to transgress 
the law ; camp. kita, akpQ. S. rna , V. to set. 
mla, mra, mramra, adv. quick , quickly; soon (peril. fr. th e 
Ot. bra , come!) 
mlantfi , n. leopard , camp. olowQ" kotse , hTel'!malQ, n. 
mlalOmQ , n, transgression of the law. 
mlat5lQ , n. transgresser of the law. 
mlats5lg , n. law-teacher; lawyer ; 'lJof.l,txo<;. 
mlatsomg , n, teaching of the law. 
mlatsomQwolo , n. and 
mlawolo, pI. - wodsi, n. book of law. 
mlawo , n. law-giving. 
mlawolg , n. law-giver. 
mlawomg = mlawo , n. 
mle, mele , n. mushrooms. 
mle, mule, n. depth? S. mu mle, -mule, S. 
mlebo (Ot. berabo) n. liver (peril . europ. word) . 
mlefo , n. a mild person, camp. bleo. 
mlelo = mllelo , n.- venison, 
m Ii (shortened m', Ii, n) n, inside ; adv. and substantive 
postposition in inside, inwardly; etc. Ot. mu, m (n, D), 
AdD. mi. m (n, n). Mli is one of the nouns used as 
relational- or formwords to express th e relation of place, 
camp. he (the contrary of mli) , hewg; hie, se; ng , ii i, 
8iSi; no, masei ; yi, tSui, te , t el'! etc. Camp. §§ 24-26, 
§ 29, §§ 44-47. The most common combinations with 
mli, by which all may be sufficiently understood are the 
following: ba mli, inf. mliba , v. to come in; to be ful-
filled; contracted ban; be mli, b!)D , neg, v. (s. ye mli) 
to be not in, to be not true, to be fals e; bel'! , it is not 
so! be mli, v. to sweep in some place, - - into; be mli,-
v. to take hold in (with pincers), to pinch in; to nar-
row into etc. Camp. be, v.; and be v.; ble mli, V. to 
lie in a place, s. ble; bote mli , v. to enter; dfa mli, 
inr. mlidfa, v. to break the inside . .. , dQ mli, v. to bend ; 
dsa mli , inr. mlidsa, v. to divide; dse mIi , v. to come 
forth from ; dse mli , v. tho S., dsie mli , v, to take out; 
fii mli, V. to take out; fa mIi, v. pI. flg mli, to cuL in 
two; fg mli, V. to wash inwardly ; gba mli , pI. gbla mli, 
inf. mligba , -gbamQ , -gblamQ, to divide = dsa mli; gbe 
mli , inf. mligbemg, v. to fall in ; to fall into (einfnUen, 
l)ineinfnUen; gba mJi , v. to bore through, to make hole 
198 mli h - mIi 1~ . 
into, to perforate; hI mli , v. info mlihIlt,> , 10 dwell in: 
hQ mIi , to lie in a cavity , to lie betwixt ; 10 shove in, 
- inlo ; ka mIi, V. to slain; ka mIi, (0 lie in ; kQ mli , V. 
to pick out , pI. klQ, k01Q mti ; kii mli. V. (0 break into ; 
kpa mli , V. t.o select, to be dainty; kpa mli , v. 10 stretch 
one's self; kpe mli, v. to decide; kpo mli , V. 10 redeem 
from; Ie mli , V. to know the inside , i. e. about ; 10 mli , 
v. to widen (the insid e); 10 mli, v. 10 lake out from ; 
lu mli , v. 10 strike into, (0 fall into ; rna mli, V. to stand 
in, to put in etc. mI mli, V. to sink into ; (.0 dip int.o ; 
mo mli, to take hold in, at, of; na mli , V. to see into, 
to have insight ; nil: mli, V. (0 press in , (.0 squeeze oul, 
(0 shut up ; no mli, V. to take from; sa mli, V. to pre-
pare inwardly; sa mli , v. to wipe, white-wash the in-
side; ta mli, pI. tra mli, v. to sit. in; (.0 ton ch (.he inside, 
to stir, - -up; to move; tsa mli, v. to dig ; Iso mli , V. 
10 turn in ; wo mli , V. to cast in , 10 give over and 
above; wo mli la, v. to make one angry, compo mli woo 
la ; wu mli , v. to cast one's self into (the water) to bath; 
ya mli , V. to enter = bote; Yf! mli , negat.. bf! mli, ,'. 
to be in, to be true; shortened Yf!I'i, yen! = truly! yi 
mli, yin, V. to strike in ; to hit ; to enter upon (a jour-
ney); eyiJ'i ete, he went off, he departed ; nmenf! miyili , 
to day 1 started; yo mli, v. to perceive etc. 
mli bf!, V. n. to be inwardly narrow , contracted; S. be, Y. 
mli dsa , V. to be divided, inf. mli, dsa, compo dsa mli , v. 
mli dso, V. n. t.o be sparing, illiberal (inwardly bitter, S. dso) ; 
inf. mIi-dsomg. 
mli dsg , info mlidsglf!, V. to be kind. 
mli fe m. k. lei, = mli la , V. t.o be touched, moved ; 
compo also yi mli. 
mli fli , info mliflimg, v. n: (to feel inward tickling?) S. f1i, v.; 
to be glad, happy; mimli flimi, I am glad; compo mj 
Sf!, hIe me, nya, V. 
mli fe fla , V. to have an inward complaint. 
mli fa , V. n. info mlifU -mg, to swell inwardly, i. e. to gel 
angry, to be angry; compo mli wo la , gli, V. 
mli fa m. k., v. a. to be angry with S. b. 
mli gba, pI. mli gbla, info mligbamg, mligblamg , V. to part 
in two, 10 be divided , compo gba mli, V. 
mli gbo, V. to be wit.hout inward feeling. 
mli hi , info mJihile, V. to be inwardly good, to be kind. 
mli kpg, V. S. kpg, v. 
mli Ie, V. to be inwardly wide:, roomy. 
mli nu he - mligblalQ. 19 9 
mli nu he, v. to feel inwardly. 
mli pila,' v. to be inwardly wounded . 
mll la , v. n. inf. mlita, to be inwardly touch ed or mO'" 
ved ; compo yi mli , mli fe m. k: t(}i , v. 
mli Lse , v. n. info mIitsemQ , to be il1wardly pure, clear ; 
Ot. mu tew , V. 
mli tser(}, V. n. corrobor. of the form er , S. tile, tseT(}, to 
be inwardly rent ; to be rent in two, to be divorced. 
mli tso ye n. k. hewQ, V. to yearn about s. th o = musun 
tso, v. ; inf. mlitso. 
mli wa, V. n. inf. mliwal ~, to be inwardly hard; to be 
difficull. 
mli wo la , V. n. to be inwardly hot (s. wo la) , Lo be angry; 
emIi wo m. k. la , he is angry about S. b. ; inf. mlilawo; 
compo wo m. k. mli la; mli W; gli V. 
mliba, n. fulfillment ; fro ba mli , V. 
mlibe, n. narrowing ; fr. b(} mli, v. 
mlibemQ , n. ; sweeping in S. place ; fl'. be mli and mli 
b(}, V. 
mlibotemQ , n. entering ; entrance, ingress etc. 
mlidsa, n. division ; part = mligbamQ ; fr. dsa mli and mli 
dsa, V. 
mlidsalQ , n. divider. 
mlidse, n. coming or goin g forth. 
mlidsiemQ, n. production fr. dsie mli , v.; exception. 
mlidsielQ, n. producer. 
mlidsomQ, n. sparing; illiberalit y ; fr o mli dso, V. 
mlidsolQ, n. illiberal person . 
mJidsQIQ , n. a merciful person. 
mlidsQl!l, n. yearning. 
mlidsQ, n. tho S. 
mJifiimQ = mJidsiemQ , n. 
mJifl, mlifimQ , n. binding into S. th. 
mliflilQ , n. happy , glad person. 
mliflimQ, n. happiness, gladness, fro mli fli , V. 
mliflQmQ , mlifo , n. cutting into pieces ; fl'. fo mli , pI. fig 
mli , V. 
mlifomQ , II. grudging , grudge, fro fo mJi , V. 
mlifQmQ ,. n. inward washing ; fro fQ mJi, v. 
mlifO , n. anger. 
mJifOIQ ; n. angry perso n. 
mligbamQ, mligblamQ , n. division ; part = mlidsa ; fr. gba 
mJi and mli gba ; s. gba, V. 
mligbalQ, mligblalQ, n. divider; S. gba, V. 
200 mligb!} - mliten. 
mligb!} , n. way into s. place, ingress ; inside ; compo hegbe 
and s~gb~ , n. 
mligbemQ, n. falling in or inlo. 
mligbomo, pI. - mei, n. inward man; soul? (acc. to Hanson). 
mligbu, n. perforation . 
mliha, n. inward covering. 
mliherell1Q, n. taking in. 
mlihIl!}, n. dwelling or remaining in some place fro hl mli ; 
kindness fr o mli hi, V. 
mlihilehe, = sihllehe, n. dwelling. 
mlihTlQ, n. inhabitant; kind perso n; compo tse, n. mannyo, n. 
tsutS!}, n. 
mlihQ, n. lying betwixt; shoving in, fr. hQ mli, V. 
mlihGmQ , n. cult.iva t.ing in a place. 
mlika , n. staining; slain , fro ka mli, v. 
mlikamQ, n. sticking, paving, fr. ka mli , V. 
mlikamQ, n. lying in a place. 
mliklQmQ, mlikQlQmQ, n. picking out. 
mlikpalQ , n. a dainty person; searcher. 
mlikpamQ , n. t.h . S.; daintiness. fl'. kp a mli, v. ; distinction. 
mlikpamQniiyenii, pI. n. dainty food, dainties. 
mlikpamQ, n. stretching (one's self) ; resting. 
mlikpelQ, n. a decisive person. 
mlikpli , n. decision.-
mlikp~mQ, n. chiselling. 
mlikpe, n. meeting in S. plaee. 
mlila, n. inward fire, heat, passion; anger; wo m. k. 
v. to grieve S. b. 
mlilats\l , pI. - ts!}mei, n. a passion~te person. 
mlilawo , n. grieving; making angry. 
mlimomQ, n. taking hold of S. th .; comprehension ; faith, 
trust.; fr. mo mli, V. 
mliI1ii, n. pressing out, squeezing. 
mlinalQ, n. a person who has insight.. 
mlina, n. insight, fro na mli , V. 
mlinamQ , n. treading, stepping in. 
mliIi1imQ , n. shutting in. 
mlinii, pI. n. inward things; bowels. 
mlisi, n. bosom. 
mlit.a, mlitamQ , pI. form mlitramQ, n. si lling in a place; 
touching; feeling; fro la mli and mli la, S. la, pI. tra, V. 
mlitasane, n. a touching story. 
mlit.emg, n. concealing in S. place. 
mliteil, n. waist. 
mliteilblJiJ - inO. 201 
mliteitbiin, n. girdle = h!)ftmQDo, mlamQDo, n. 
mliteri.fimQ, n. girding. 
mlitsa, n. digging (in a place). 
mlitsamQ, n. inward healing; s. tsa, v. 
mlitsemQ, n. inward purity. 
mlits!)mQ, n. calling in. 
mlitser!)mQ, n. (inward) separation, disunion; divorce fr. " 
mli tser!) and tser!) mli, comp. tse, tsere , V. 
mlitso = musuntso, n. yearning, mercy. 
mlitsomQ, n. showing; inward change. 
mlitsumQ, n. wiping out. 
mliwale, B. inward hardness; difficulty. 
mliwo, n. casting in (over and above); glvmg into the 
bargain; the thing given into the bargain; the worst, the 
outcast, etc. also used of mlln. Camp. lI\l)reingaoe" in 
Germ. 
mliya = mlibotemQ, n. entering; ingress. 
mllyi, mliyimQ, n. (ba~ ~infd)ragen, l.l. yi mli, einfd)iagrn); 
striking into; entering a journey, a way; touching, 
moving. 
mliyomQ, n. inward perception. 
mlo -, S. Ii.mlo-. 
mlu, n. dust. 
mlumlu, adj. dusty; adv. into dust, f, i. gble n. k. mlu-
mlu, v. to grind s. tho into dust; iilf. 
mlumlugblemQ, n. grinding into dust. 
'mo, emo, pI. medsi- (and moi) adj. old; f. i. nu mo, pI. 
hi medsi, an old man; yo rna, pI. yei medsi, a.n old 
woman. 
'morna, corrob. of the former, adj. pI. momoi and 1l1emedsi, 
old; adv. already (fd}on, langft); camp. Ot. dada, dedaw, 
tho S. fro da, V. 
mo! Ot. salutation = aiko! in Ga:. 
mo (mQ, mg, mol, pI. mei, n. man (~lenfdJ), person; some 
body; pI. people (man); camp. §§ 25, 26, 34; ' and ame, 
me, a. In combinations rna, pI. mei, distinguishes per- . 
sons from things, s. § 48; f. i. mofoli, a bad person, no-
fOli, a bad thing; camp. no, pI. nii, n. Connected with 
verbs, as their subj. or object it expresses these undefined, 
though personal, as "a", if the subject: f. i. rna k!) 
ak!l ... , some body said that ... mei Ie ke, people 
say, or ake (mall fag!), it is said; ke afe en!) Ill, ayiQ 
rna, if this is done, people flog one (nlenn man ba~ t9ut, 
202 mo - mQhQnii. 
fo l1lirb man gefcl)lagen) ; agbe mei komei , SOllIe people 
were killed; compo also moko. 
mo, Ad!'l. pron. independ. = bo , thou. 
mo ko, pI. mei komei, s. moko. 
mo di!'l or . 
mod in , pI. meididsi , n. black person , negro ; comp. also 
• motsuru and ]lIQfonyo, n. 
mQ, adv. and conj.; then; compo mo, mOli, adv. ; ba mQ! 
r.ome then! 
mo , pI. momQ , info momQ, V. to hold; to catch; to take 
hold of. . 
mo he , V. to take hold al. 
mo mli , inC mlimomQ , V. 10 lake hold of ; to hold fast ; 
to trust., believe. 
mo si, - sisl, v. to lake hold of the ground. 
mo, mOli , pI. m5dsi , n. fort; a~)' stone-house with a flat 
top. Comp. ,,:1 and ',:11:) in Hebrew. • 
mo, mon (Ot. mom), adv. rather ; conj. though; bmat (in-
deed , it is trlie); ekee mon; iii kel~ mile; though he 
did not say it, I know it still; et fl1gte e~ ~n'at lIicl)t, 
. noer icl) meiji eEl bod). 
moan , mU3li, adv. or ioterrog. particle , very probably con-
nected with t.he former, really, indeed; ofe neklj noko 
moan?! thou coulcl.est reall)' do such a Ihing?! Ani ohl!J 
be hiegble moan?! Is thy face reall)' without shame?! 
Art thou reaIl )' so shameless?! 
mQbQ, n. (01.. tho s.) misery; feeling of misery, mercy (mi-
serlcordia); pity; compassion; ye mQhQ, V. gen. nii ye 
mQbQ, \.0 be pitied, pi tiful, miserable; minii ye mQbQ po! 
I am very miserable; e)'e mQbQ, it is a pity! na mQbg, 
V. info mQbQnale, to have merc)" pity; to have c9mpassion ; 
(sometimes also itw!') mQbQ , tho s.); nami mQbQ! have 
mercy upon me; enale mQhQ, he pitied him; compo ,on, 
lJ..ccw; and musUl'! tSo, mli tso, V. 
mQhQmQhQ, adj. and adv. pitiful , sad; fe - , V. to he-, 
to be-. 
mQbgmgbQfemg, n. sadness; pity. 
mQhQnil. and 
mQhQnal!), n. mercy, pity, compassion; comp. domQ; anum-
uyam; musUlitso etc. Ot. mQbQrehiinii and ahflmohg, n. 
mQbQnalQ, n. a merciful person. 
mQbQnanii, pI. n. things accorcling 10 mercy; done for 
mercies sake. 
mQhQnii, pI. n. misery. 
mQden - mra. 203 
mQden, n. (Ot. tho s.) diligence; bQ -, ' V. inf. modeilbo, 
to be diligent. Camp. h'iedQ , v. 
mgdenbQ , n. diligence, energy; zeal. 
mgdeilbQIQ, n. diligent person. 
mQdenbQdsen, n. diligent manners. 
modin (s. mo diil) pI. meididsi, n. black man ; negro. 
modinsane, n. history, still.e, matter of a native. 
mofemo, mofiamo, mopiamo, pI. meife, pron. every or any 
(body); see § 22, 2f., and compo fe , fia , pia; nofeno. 
moi, n. a kind of seafish; S. boi, n. _ 
nioko, mo ko (s. mo, n. and ko , pron.), pI. meikom ei·, n. 
but used as pron. some body (jema.nb); a body ; a per-
son. With neg. voice: no body (niemanb); f. i. moko 
be, lit. some body is not here, no body is here; but 
compo dsee moko , not a person; if not the verb, but 
the noun shall be negiltioned. Compo noko, n. and noko, 
n. in Ado. 
mokomoko (pI. meikornei, not reduplicated) , Ih. s. as the 
former , but stronger and therefore generall,y used with 
the neg. voice = nobody at all; compo nokonoko, heko -
heko , ghikogblko etc. and § 22, 2 f. 
rnokpoil, n. (aecord. to Hanson); a stranger; s. gbQ, n. 
molQ, n. catcher. 
mom, moil = rna, adv. rather. ' Ot. th. S. 
momo , adj. corrobor. of mo, old; pI. mem~dSi and momoi 
- (acc. to Hans.); adv. already. 
momQ, pI. v. of mo to catch, to hold fast. 
mom!), n. catching , holding. 
momo,n. impediment in speaking; stotlering; ha momo, V. info 
momoha, to stolter, stammer. 
momoha, n. stotleriog, stammering. 
momohalQ , n. a .stotterer (said to be generally a passionate 
person). . 
momosa, adv. already before-; a long time ago; S. sa and 
mama; camp. momo, adv. and sa, n. and adv. 
mane, mene, pI. menemei, pron. this (person); compo ene, 
none; mo, ne; Ad. none. 
moni, mo oi ; pI. meini, mei ni, reI. pron. he or she, 
who; who (bet, bet; bet, ruelcI}er; bie, bie, bie, ruelcl)e) j 
camp. noni and ni, reI. pron. 
mplali, II. pI. mplai (Ot. mprao) beam. 
mr -, S. under ml. 
mra, mramra, adv. quickly; soon (camp. Otyi: bra, come!) 
mra (Ot. tho s.), mla, n. law. 
204 mil - muhomg. 
mG, pI. milmg , info mGmg, V. to sip. 
mG and mila, v. to be tidy ; he mG, he mila, V. t.h. s. , to 
be clean , orderly; to be fat. 
mu, v. t.o breathe, inL mumg ; to shut the mouth and keep 
s. tho in one's mouth; to hem (cloth) , info mu, compo 
ball (na) v. kgrg (na) v. toi. 
mu mule , V. inf. mulemumg , to dive; to conceal, be silent ; 
t.o disappear. 
mu mle, V. tho s. 
mu na , v. inf. namu , v. to be silent, S. bu na ; to h~m 
in ; 1.0 make to speak = dsie na wiemg , V. 
mu si, info simu, V. = mu mle, V. 
mi1 loi , v. info toimu, to be deaf. 
'mu, emu (Ot. tho s.), adj. whole, entire (gan~). 
mu, n. hemming. 
mu, n. oil ; blgfomu, europ. oil; mu tSuru, n. red oil, i. e. 
palmoil ; pI. mui , different. oil. 
mila = bua, V. info muamg , to shut (the mout.h) . 
mua na , inf. namuamg , imprt. sing. muamQ, = bu na (Ot. 
bu ano, compo bu in G1I and bua na) , to shut the mouth, 
be silent; ~to keep S. tho in the mouth, to mumble = mu, 
v. to fold up (f. i. an umbrella). 
muamg, mumg, n. shutt.ing the mouth; mumbling; keeping 
S. tho in the mouth. 
muan = moait , S. this. 
mube , n. time of oil, oil-season. 
mude, adj. tasteless, saltless. 
mudsi, pI. n. dirt (diff. oil , S. mu. n.) , 
mufQlQ, n. anoint.er; anointed (with oil). 
muf!), n. anointing (wilh oil) fr. fQ mu, v.). 
muga, info -mg , V. to devour. 
'mugui, amugui, n. a kind of berries. 
mugu, v. to shake , to move , to creep , info mugumQ. 
mugu he, V. to shake one's self; info hemllgumg. 
mugu ai, V. info simugumg, 10 creep on the ground. 
mugulg, n. a person who shakes himself; creeper. 
mugumg , n. shaking, moving, creeping. 
mugumugu, adj. fat, round; fe - , V. to be 
mllgumugufemg, n. fatness. 
muhemg, n. oil-buying. 
muhelg, n. oil-buyer. 
muhg , n. curtain. 
muhomg, n. oil-boiling. 
muhomg, n. oil-selling ; fro h5 mu, v.; and scarcity of oil. 
mui - musu~fo . 205 
Illui, adv. at once; elaclse mui, he at once disappeared. 
tnuka, n. measuring or trying of oil (s. ka, v.). 
mule, n. depth ; mu - , v. to dive. 
mulemulg, n. diver. 
lIlulemumg, n. diving. 
mulg, n. a person breathing etc. fr. mu, v. 
'muma , amuma, n. a kind of berries. 
mu, mum (a freqnent root in afro languages for the same 
idea) dumbness; tg-, V. to be dumb ; to be or be-
come speechl ~ss; oerjIummen. 
mumg, n. breathing; shutting the mouth, keeping S. th. in 
the mouth; S. mu; breath; spirit, S. r11i , 77?JJwf./,a; camp. 
kIa, kra ; susuma; sisa, etc. Ad. mum ; Ot. homhome, n. 
miimg, n. sipping. 
mumtg, n. dumbness. 
JIllumu, V. redupl. of mu, V. which se.e. 
umu, n. a river fish. 
mumui, n. and adj. dumb (camp. mu, V. and mama, mo -
mobil! mu tal, V. toimulg, toima n. ). 
muna , V. to frown. Ot. V. 
munele, n. dan. uniform; scarled red colour. 
munD, n. oil-vessel. 
musu, n. belly; used frequently as gram. subject or object 
=mli. 
musu fite, v. info musufitemg, to miscarry; to have a dis-
ordered stomach; fite musu, info tho S. to destroy th e 
fruit in its mothers womb. 
musu tso , V. to have diarrhoea; tso musu, v. to operate 
(of medicine). 
musun tso m. k. V. to yearn = mli tso m. k. v.; inr. mu-
suillso. Camp. oni and (Jrc},ayX'V£~E(J-Sat. 
musu, n. (Ot. tho s.) mischief; misfortune , disaster , cala-
mity, adversity; curse; musu eba m. k. ng , a calamity 
has befallen S. b.; kpa musu, V. info musukpamg, to take 
away the curse etc. by a sacrifice to the fetish (gene-
rally in the roads before towns); bg -, V. inf. musubo, 
to do something abominable, cursed; to blaspheme; to 
do mischief; omusu abua ong! thy curse may gather 
over thee! (A common curse). 
musubo, n. mischievous act; curse; blaspheming; blasphemy. 
musubQlg, n. mischievous person; ungodly person; blas-
phemer. 
musufo, n. Ot. a mischievous person. 
musuMo = Ot. musuyefo; n. tho s. 
206 musufit.em Q - na n. k. be thi. 
musufitemo , n. miscarrying; disorder of th e stomach. 
musugbI , n. unfortunate day. 
musukotoku , musUl'lkotoku, n. lit. belly-bag, i. e. s tomach. 
musuIilei, musunlilei, n. lit. belly-tongue; i. e. milt, spleen. 
mUSUl1 gbt, v. and 
musun wa, v. to b~ abl e to sustain hunger, = nye homo, v. 
musukpalo , n. a person tak ing away the curse by a sacri-
fice; fro kpa musu, v. 
musukpamo, n. the act of taking away the curs e. 
musutso , - mo, n. diarrho ea, open bowels. 
musuiltso , -mo , n. yea rning , mercy ( " bowels of mercy, 
on" a'n).,ayxvlt"). 
mute, n. 1)i1-stone; wet. 
mute = mud e, adj. taslless , sailiess. 
mutsuru , n. r ed oil, i. e. palm-oil. 
mutsurute, n. oil-stone; wet = mute, n. 
mutsuruterelo , n. palmoil-carrier. 
mutsuruteremo, n. palmoil-carrying. 
mut,ukutso , n . a tree growing along the lagunes (Ihe man-
grove-tree ?) 
N. 
Words having the augment n or 11 prefixed must 
be sought for under the next following consonant, if. 
not found here. 
Na , V. info na and namo, v. to see; to find, to have; to 
tread, to stand (camp. da, damo) ; to swear ; - n. k. , 
to swear by S. tho Adn. tho S. It may be that difIe-
rent verbs are united in this; na, to see, Ad. tho S., 
Ot. hu ; na , 10 get , Ad. na and 01.. nya; and na , to 
stand up ., to tread, Ad. da (camp . Ga:: damQ, Ot. gyina. 
Na (Ad. tho S . and Ot. nya) is used as an auxiliary verb, 
to express the relation of time which is indicated by the 
adv. already; , yet in Eng!. (fd)on; nod); with neg. voice 
= not yet ; positively it is seldom used; f. i. mina 
mike , 1 already said it (I got to say iI) ; minaa make, 
1 did not yet say; minaJi. mak~. 1 wiII not yet say it ; 
minako mah , 1 bave not yet said it. Besides this na 
is used to express a wish (a kind of optative mood) 
f. i. mina mike! could 1 say it. 1 wish 1 could say it! 
The most co=oI1 combinations with the verb na 
(camp. also na, 11.) are: 
na n. k. or m. k. he t~ui, V. info hetsuinamo , to be content 
with S. tho or S. b. 
na he tsuidsuro - n a, n. 207 
na he tsuidsuro" v. inf. hetsuidsuronamQ, to ' be pleased 
with, to be glad of; compo na tSui, -tSuidsuro. 
na mJi, V. jnf. mJina, to see the inside; to have insight .. 
na na, V. info nana, lit. to see the mouth, the beginning, 
the end (comp. na, n. ) to understand; compo na sisi, V. 
na n. k.- le, double v. to see (and) know, to understand. 
na nane , v. to swear by one's leg (a very common oath: 
"mana minane! "). 
na nii , V. info niina, niinamg, to see things, to see; to have 
sigh\.; to get things, i. e. to get rich; S. yr: nii, V. ancl 
niiats~, n. . ' 
na no, v. inf. nona, to see something, to feel pain; to 
suffer. Mina noko! ee! Mina noko, ee! Woe me! Woe 
me! Expression of severe pain or grieve or mourning. 
na nQ , V. info ngnamQ, to tread upon . 
na noko, V. = na no, V. 
na nya, Ad. Y. = na na, V. 
na Nyonmo, V. to swear by God. 
na sane, v. to get a palaver. 
na se , V. to gain, to' profit; im. senamg. 
na segbe, V. to have recourse to, to recover. 
na si, V. info sinamQ , to tread the ground, to stand up, -
upon. Compo damQ si and te si, v.; and nana, V. nana 
8i, V. 
na siSi , V. info siSina, -namg, to see the ground, the bol-
tom, the reason; to understand; to discern. 
na tse , v. to swear by one's father; a very common oath. 
na tsui, V. to get or take a heart; to take courage; inf. 
- namg; impert. na tsui, take courage! 
na tSuidsuro, V. info - namg; to take a good heart (see 
edsuro), to be of good cheer, comfort; to be happy, 
joyful; compo mJi fii, mT se, hie me, nyu, V. 
na yi, yin, yitso , V. to get a head , to get reason et C. 
compo yi, )'in, n. 
na, ila -, see after na and before ne. 
na, n. mouth (Ot. ano); the outward, mouth (comp. da), 
opening; brim; edge (hebr. 'EJl; worth, price; boundary; 
beginning or end of something, the utmost part; shore, 
nSQoa, sea-shore;. fa-na, borders of a river. As da, he, 
hie, mli, ng, ito, Sl) etc. this noun is used as a post-
posilion and adv. expressing the relation of place and 
by tropir. use also that of time and manner (s. § 29) 
as: at, to, near, accordingly, according to; at the point 
of; along etc. German: .an, neben, aUf; nod}, gernaS, 
208 nn. 
entlang etc. In Ot. sometimes ano , sometimes htl , hO 
are the corresp. words ; Ad. nya. As th e gramm. objec.t 
it appears especially in Ih e following combinations: ba 
na, info nabiimQ , to cut the end round about (befef)neillen); 
be na , - nahu (s. this) , to contract the mouth = na 
be, v.; bi m. k. na gbe , = 'E1 ,~tti, info nagbebimQ , v. 
to ask the moulh (opinion) of S. b.; b efrngen; bu na, V. 
info nabumQ , to cover the mouth (wilh th e natives a 
sign of sit e n t as~onishment), to be silent ; bu ona! keep 
thy peace; bua na, v. (Ot. bo ano, compo bu ano ; and 
in Ga:, mu, mila), to gather , to assemble; damQ na, v. 
inf. nad il mg, nadamgmg , to stand at , near, on the brim, 
shore etc. to stand firmly, S. damg mli, damQ nadsiail; 
dgkg na, v. inf. nadgkgmg , to ~we6ten t,he mouth of s. b. ; 
to persuade with sweet words , to fiatter; dsa na , inL 
nadsamg , to fit; compo dsa, t8a, v. ; 'dse na, V. to come 
from the mouth, S. Ga-Hist. (fief) tlerneQmen Inffen) ; dse 
na, v. tho S. el sie na , V. nadsiemg , to excuse, to inter-
pret ; dSQ na, V. inf. nadsQ, 10 sharpen ; fa na, v. info na-
fiimg , to take off the mouth, the cork, uncork; JOo pen 
(bottles and such vessels, compo gble na) ; fe na, V. na-
femg , pI. fi e na, info nafh~mQ , to burst open, to open 
a fester, to burst. open, v. n. It nu, ' V. nafimQ, to bind 
the opening, to. bind up (a bag etc.); fo na , info nafo, 
pI. fi Q na, info nafiQmQ , V. t.o cut one's mouth, to report, 
accuse S. b. ; to cut the end or brim ; gba na, v. inL na-
gbamQ , to t.rouble, pI. gbla na, V. inf. nagblamQ , lit.. to 
rend the mouth , to discourse; gbe na, V. inf. nagbe, lit. 
to kill the mouth, the end, to end, to finish; gble na, v. 
inf. nagblemQ, to open (doors, boxes etc., compo fil. na, 
gbu na) ; gbu na, V. inL nagbu, to bore an opening, to 
open; hi na, V. nahil0, to abhor one's mouth, to keep 
malice, so as not to salute or speak to S. b.; ek()mi hI 
na, he does not. speak with me ; ho na = ho he, V. 
inf. naho, to pass over, to overrun ; ka na, V. inf. na-
kamQ , to in sist ; ka na, V. inf. nakamQ, to lie aI, near; 
k6 na , V. nak6 and naki'imQ , to stick in the mouth or 
bill; kpa na, V. nakpamg , to break the fast, to breakfast; 
kpe na, v. nakpe , 10 sew up ; kG na, V. nakil, nakilmg, 
to gainsay; to speak or be against; 1ata na, V. info nala-
tamQ, to base tbe end (in sewing); Ie na, v. nale, to 
know (one's mouth, words); to know the number, - - -
price; ma na, V. namamQ , to stand at, near; to set at; 
to build at, near, at the shore etc.; mil na, mila na, v. 
na - na ba iii. 209 
to be silent, shut the mouth; to keep s. tho in the mouth; 
S. bua na , and bu na; na na, V. info nana , to see the 
end, to understand; na na, V. info nanamQ,- to shut Ihe 
opening, door etc. to shut; nyle na, v. to walk along, 
at, according to ; no na, V. nanomg , to be sweet, agree-
able (to the mouth), S. dgkQ -; nl! m. k. na gbe, V. 
inf. nagbenumg, to 'hear from one's mouth; a b 9ihen, 
a n ~l\ren; pli, po na, _S . fa, fo na ; sa na, V. info nasa, 
10 taste; misa gbele na, I tasted death ; misa mina (lit. 
1 tasled my mouth, with respect to S. th.). I tasted (it), 
compo sa, v.; sgo na, V. inf. nasQomQ , to seal up; s() 
na , v. nasi;), to reach the mouth , to be sufficient, to 
satisfy; si na, v. inf. nasimg, to knock against one's 
mClUth, to act against one's word, S. kG na and si, v.; 
sQ na, v. info nasgmg (to lick 011e's mouth), to kiss ; ta 
na, pI. tra na. inf. natamg , natramQ, V. to touch the 
mouth ; to dispute ; to trouble with words; to tempt = 
tso na ; (0 cover the end, brim elc. to sit at, near, along ; 
tQ na, pI. trQ na , V. inL nat!) , natrgmg , to tire one's 
mouth; to make tired of speaking; te be tired of speak-
ing; to na , V. info nat6mg, to transgress ooe's word; 
compo na to and t6, v.; tsa oa, v. info nalsamQ; to ad-
join, to be in contact., to continue; S. tSa, v.; tSe na, v. 
inL natsemQ, to trouble, to teaze with words; to unseal ; 
tse, v. ; tsi na, V. info natslmQ, to 'close the mouth, 
opening etc., to confine, imprison etc.; tso na , v. inf. 
nalsamQ, to turn on e's mouth, word; inf. natso, t.o tempt 
to bad words (or actions) s. ka, v. ta na etc., wie na, v. 
info nawie.mg, to speak one's mouth ; to salute, 10 inter-
pret, compo nadaiemQ; yere m. k. na or yire m. k. na 
(s. Xi na ), v. info nayeremQ , to come unawares to some 
body's speaking about one; to overhear unawares; ye 
na, v. inf. nayeli, to bargain; to negotiate ; yi na , V. 
inf. nayimQ , to intercept . one's speaking; yo na gbe, V. 
info nagbeyomg, to know S. b. by his voice, to know 
one's voice, word , manner of speaking, etl'. As gram-
mat. subject it appears espec.ially in the following com-
binations: 
nil ba, V. inf. naba, to be sharp (of knives etc., compo na 
= edge), 
na ba ai, v. inf. nasiba COt. ano bre ase) to let the mouth 
down (comp. IIben Willnb ~iillgen luffell") , to dee-rease 
(in zeal, power, passion etc.), to be softened, to give in. 
Compo ba si, V. 
Zimmermann, Akra-Vocab. 14 
-210 na bll - na to. 
na be, v. inL nabele , - mg , to have a narrow, contracted 
mouth , as old persons ; to have a mouth like a pair of 
tongs, so as to pinch with, as ants, crabs, pincers etc. 
na du, v. to leak at. the opening , at t.he cork ete. 
na el sa, v. inf. naelsale , to be straight, right in speach ; to 
have a straight end or brim; s. dsa, v. 
na dso, v. inf. nadsomg , to have a bitter mouth, to have 
a bad mouth ("rin fd)OIf~!.'l v'Der oofe£! 9](llul bnoen"). 
na dsg, v. to be qui et in speaking. 
na fa , I' . inf. naW, nafi(mg, to be op en; s. fa na ; of bollles 
and silllilar vessels. 
l1a f<;) , pI. fk, v. inf. nafQmQ , naflemg , to burst open. 
l1a guo, v. inf. nagbele, = dUligbo, to have a dea(] mouth; 
to have no t.aste (after sickness etc.). 
na homg ng , v. info nanghomg or ngnahomg, to know by 
heart, to say by heart. 
na ka, v. info nakamg, to be or lie open ; of doors, rooms, 
houses etc. 
na ke enyoQ si , V. to have scarcely finish ed speaking; a 
very peculiar expression, lit. "the mouth says it is fallen 
down"; "beni ena kll enyog si ", when he had finish ed 
speaking. 
na ko iii, V. to bite the ground, i. e. to fall on one's mouth; 
pI. na komQ iii, S. ko , v. 
na kpa, v. info nakpamg , to say S. tho hesitatingly because 
it is amrss or wrong , to miss with the mouth; S. kpa, V•  
. na kpe, V. nakpe, to be gathered ; to be of one opinion; 
more frequently: 
na kpe si, V. info naBikpe, th. S. f. i. beni am!lna ekpe si, 
when they were assembled; when they had become of 
one opinion; S. kpe, V. 
na kpe he, v. to be astonished; S. nakpe, n. 
na hI , V. info naku, nakiiomg; to have a broken mouth, 
, edge etc. , to be forward in speaking. 
na ilo, v. to have a sweet, flattering mouth; s. na dgkg; 
to be dainty; inf. naIi.5mg. 
na Be, v_ info nase, to be sufficient (in price); compo Se 
na, V. 
na ?ii, V. info nasI and - mo, to be worth; ona si oha, thou 
art worth a hundred; compo na, = price and 8i, V. 
na to, v. info natomg, to transgress with the mouth, with 
words; to make a mistake in speaking; compo to na, V. 
and to, v. 
na tsa - nadsian. 211 
na tsa, v. info natsamQ, to fit, to adjoin, to be perpetual, 
compo tsa na; Is a, V. 
na 18e, V. inL natsemQ, 10 have a pure, clear mouth ; to 
speak fluently ·and purely; ena lseko, he can not yet 
fluently speak. 
na tsi, V. inf. nats! and natsimQ, to be slopped or alosed 
up; S. lsi na, V. 
na wa, v. info nawal!) , to have a hard mouth, to be hard ; 
comp. wa, v. 
nil, n. grandmother, pI. namei. Ad. th . S. 
naakpa, adv. well , very, very much. 
naba:, n. sharpness fro na ba, V. 
naM, and 
naMmQ, n. culting the mouth, opening, brim, end ; S. ba, v. 
nabli, n. narrowness of mouth, as that of old men; forma-
tion of mouth like that of a pair of tongs or pincers, 
as ants have. 
nabl!)mQ , n. ' tho S. of the pI. form bl!), V. 
nabi, pI. -bii, n. grandmothrr-child, i. e. grand-child; comp. 
na, n.; ni, n. nye ' and nyemi, n. 
nabimQ, n. asking of the price, fro bi na, v. 
nabinu, pI. - biM, n. grandson. 
nabiyo, pI. -biyei, n. grand-daughter. 
nabu, n. lit. hole or opening of the mouth (s. bu); mouth, 
often used = na , hole, opening , lip; pI. nabui, lips. 
nabualQ, n. gatherer, fr. bua na, V. 
nabuamQ, n. gathering, assembling; assemble. S. kpemQ, .n. 
nabuamQhe, n. gathering-place. 
nabumQ , n. covering of the mouth, opening etc. silence, 
fl'. bu na, V. 
nadamQ, nadamQmQ, n. standing at, along, for etc.; fro 
damQ na, V. 
nadQkQIQ, n. flatterer ; persuader; fr. dQkQ na and na dQkQ, V. 
nadQkQmQ, n. flattering, persuading. 
nadQkQmQwiemQ, n. flattering word, - speech. 
nadsa, nadsal(), n. straightness of mouth, speech, opening, 
brim, end etc.; fr. na dsa and dila na, V. 
nad1Ji, pI. of nane (Ot. tho S. and nan), foot. 
nadsiail = nadsiamli, n. foot-print , foot-step, stead , post-
position = instead of, for etc. ba -, V. to come instead 
of S. b.; clamQ -, V. to stand for S. b., - - surety; to 
represent S. b., inf. nildSiaildamQ ; dse nadsian, V. inf. 
nadsiailelse, to go out of one's way ("aul'! ben g'uBen 
ge~en "); elsie naelsiail, v. to remove ' out of one's way, 
14'i1 
212 nadsiana - nataInQ. 
inf. nadsiandsiemQ; fa nadsiaIi , Y. th o S.; he nl(dsiali , v. 
to take recompence, info nadsiaIihemQ ; kil -, V. to Jie. 
in one's place, info nadsiailkam Q; ke nadsian , Y. inf. 
nadsial'lke, to gran~ instead, t(. make a present instead ; 
rna nadsiali, Y. inf. nadsianmalllQ , to stand in th e place 
of S. tho (s . damQ); na nadsiaIi, V. to get S. tho in ex-
change; 110 nadsian, v. to I-ake S. tho instead of S. th., in 
exchange; ta , pI. tra nadsial1 , Y. to sit in one's place., 
i.nf. nadsiantamQ , -tramQ ; to -, Y. info nadsial1t.o , to 
repay, to restiLute , to retaliate, to recompence; )'e na-
dsiat1 , Y. to take S. b. place or office, inf. nadsiaIiyeJi ; 
ye - , v. to be in S. b. place, instead of etc. neg . be - ; 
yi -, v. nadsianyimQ, to remain on the same spot , to 
go in a circle (also used in argument) etc. 
niidsiana , n. the place at the feet of S. b. foot-prints, -
steps, P?stpos. at the feet, to the fe et, f. i. gbe -, V • 
.to fall down at S. b. feet etc. 
nadsiasi, n. place under one's feet , standing place, situa-
tion etc. east = boka ; the four points of th e wind are 
named from the situation of a person lying on his back 
wiLh the head to the west and feet to the east (perh. 
from burial?); camp. yiteI'l , yitengbe or anaigbe, nine-
dsi:iri'igbe or nSQ ngbe and nine ab\lkugbe or kongb il or 
koyigbe ; and nadsiasl, - gbe. 
nadsiasigbe, n. east-way , ady. east-ward. 
nadsiand§mQ , n. surety , standing surety; representation; 
fr. damQ nadsiali , v. 
nadsiaI'ldamQIQ, n. surety; representant ; representative. 
nadsiaIidse, n. going out of one's way ; fro dse nads., v. 
nadsiandsiemQ , n. remoyal out of the way, fr. dsie nads ., V. 
nadsialito, n. repaying; repayment ; restitution ; retaliation ; 
fro to nads., V. 
nadsiantolQ , n. res tituter , retaliater. 
nadsiaIiyeli, n. taking office for or after an other ; succes-
sion ; fr. ye nads. , v. 
n5d siaIiyelilQ , - yelQ, n. successor. 
nadsolQ, n. person with an evil tongue ; fr. na dso, V. 
nacisomQ, n. bad mouth, evil tongue; strict, true saying. 
nad sQ, n. sharpening of tools , ~ of the mouth (for scol-
ding etc.). 
nadsQle , n. quietness of mouth , speech; kind words ; fr. 
na GSQ, V. 
nafulQ, n. opener , bottler; fr. fa na, V. 
nafamQ, n. opening ' of bottles etc. 
nafflmo - namo. 213 
nafemo, nafl~mo, n. bursting open; fr. ffl na and na f~ , v. 
nafl and nafimo , n. binding up , closing of bays etc. ; fro 
f] na, V. 
nafitemo , n. corruption of mouth, speech. 
nafolQ, naflolo , n. reporter, accuser, talebearer ; fr. fo na, 
flQ na, v. 
nafo, naflQmQ, n. reporting, accusing; talebearing; report ; 
accusation; summons. 
nagbalo, n. troubler; troublesome person, from gha na, v. 
nagbamQ , n. troubling; trouble. 
nagbamQsane, n. troublesome palaver. 
nagbe, n. ending, finishing; end; aim; fro gbe na, V. 
nagbegbi, n. last day. 
nagbe1o, n. finisher. 
nagblamo , n. discn rse ; fro gbla na, V. but S. nasigblaJ11Q, n. 
nagbele, nagbO, n. tasLlessness, fr. na gbo, v. 
nagbelQ, n. opener, a person opening doors, boxes etc. 
nagblemQ , n. opening. 
nagba, n. piercing (open). 
nahile, n. malice-keeping; fro hi na, V. 
nahilo, n. malice-keeper. 
nahomo, n. knowing or saying fluently (by heart). 
nakai, pron. such; adv. thus, so; compo n~k('); nakai nOli, 
even so; Ad. dsa. 
nakamQ, n. being open; opening; fro na ka:, V. 
nakpamQ, n. break-fast; fr. kpa na, V. speaking amiss, fro 
na kpa, V. 
nakpe, n. meeting ; unity of opinion = nasikpe ; fron a kpe, v. 
nakpehe, n. meeting-place. 
nakp e, n. astonishment, fro na kpe he ; am(lna kp~ am~he, 
or efe,ame nakpe, they were astonished. Compo fe ya; 
he dsa etc. 
nakpe, nakplemQ, n. sewing up the ends, compo kata na, 
ban na, V.; fr. kPfl na, V. 
nakiilQ, n. gainsayer; forward p'erson. . 
nakil and nakilmQ, n. gainsaying; oposition. fro kG na, V.; 
forwardness fr. na kG, V. 
nakntso, pI. -tsei, and nakutsona, n. knee. 
nale, n. dan. fool; fe -, to make a foot of. 
nalQ, n. only used in combinations, - seer; - finder. 
namQ, n. finding, getting. 
namo, pI. namei, inter. pron. who? ameyi enyo l(l attn 
namo? who among the two? Ad. nene. 
214 n<lmil - nanyo. 
namu, namiiamQ , n. shutting of the mouth; keeping of s. th. 
in the mouth, fro mu or mua na, v. 
nam, n. a knowing person, well-informed person (fr. na mli ?). 
nana, n. understanding ; fro na na, v. 
nanalg, n. an und erstanding person ; cin bcrWinbiger 9Jlcnfd) . 
nana, v. reduplicat ion of na, v. to tread, 1.0 sland upon etr . 
uana si, = na si, v. 
nanak 1insow a, n. (Ot.) great-grandchild ; great-grand-parent; 
compo na (Ot. nana) grand-mother. 
nanamQ , n. shutting (of doors, boxes etc.), fro n1i na, v. 
nane (old pronunc. niinde perh. = na-ade, compo na , V. 
10 Iread and ade, Ot. = thin g, S. also nine, kane, fin e, 
n. etc. Ot.. nail , nane), pI. nitdsi, n. foot ; wheel. Compo 
nadsi, nad siaJl , nadsian3, nadsiasi etc.; fil. nane, V. and 
wo nane DQ , V. to walk quickly; D)'Ie nane nQ , v. to 
go on foot elc. 
nanehenQ, nanehlilt sonQ , n. shinbone. 
nanehefQmQ , n. foot-balh. 
nanemahe, n. foot-prin\.; foot.ing . 
nanenQnyielQ , n. pedestrian ; fr. nyle nane nQ , v. 
nanenQnyIemQ, n. walking on foot.. 
naneiii, n. sole of the foot. 
" " place under foot , compo nadsiasi, n. 
nanesimailgo, n. foot-stool. 
nUnesimQ, n. kicking ; kick. 
niinesiwao, nanewao, pI. -wabii, n. toe. 
nanelsit.ili, n. (comp. tsitsi) heel. 
nanetso, pI. - Hiei, n. lit. foot-stir.k (s. Iso), i. e. shin-bone. 
nan ii , pI. n. dainties. 
nililkut.so, pI. - tsei , knee = nakutso. 
nano , n. eternily; ke-ate - , until eternity. Compo da, 
Nanyoilmo, n. 
naJ'lolQ = niia mlikpalQ , n. dainty person . 
nai15mQ, n. agreeableness fr. no na, V.; daintiness, fr. na 
ill) , v. 
nanelu, and 
nantu, n. calf of the leg. 
'nann = ananu, n. spider. 
'nanukpa, n. spider-web. 
nanyo, pI. nanemei (= nanenyo nannyo, -mei, compo damfo, 
pI. nnamfo in Otyi) n. friend; neighbour (9?dd)j1er), fel-
low, comrad; ke m. k. bO nanyo, V. info nanyobQ, to 
make friendship with s. b. In compositions it is used 
rtanyobg - natsolQ. 215 
like the engI. fellow -, Jat. com germ. !mit - i 
s.ee f. i. nanyogbomo, n. 
nanyobg, n. friendship; communion. 
nanyodsulQ, n. fellow-thief. 
nanyofelQ , n. fellow-agent. 
nanyogbomo, pI. -mei, n. fellow-man; person of t,he same 
rank. 
nanyogbQ, n. fellow-guest; - stranger. 
nanyoniitsulQ, n. fellow- labourer. 
Nanyoilmo, pro n. of God, either = eternal God (eomp. 
da, nano = eternity, Ot. da, pI. nna, day; dil, alway) 
or God of the ancestors, comp, na, nanakansowa (Ot. 
na, = mother; nana = grandmother etc.). 
nanyofelQ, n. playmate = febilg, n. 
nanyotsulQ, pI. - Lsudsi, n. fellow~servant; pl.nanemeitsiidsi. 
nasa, n. tasting ; taste; fr. sa na, V. 
naso = asail (Ot. nanso), conj. also; moreover, again. 
nasQomQ, n. sealing, seal; fro SQO na, V. 
nasa, n. bad, wicked mouth; S. esa, adj. 
nas~, n. sufficiency, satiely; fro se na, v. 
nasigblamQ, n. discource with the purpose of catching onc 
in speech; fr. gbla na si, v. 
nasimQ, n. worth; fro na si, v.; aot against S. b. words, 
fro si na, V. 
nasQmQ, n. kissing, kiss. 
natamQ, natramQ, n. dispute; quarrel; fro ta na, pI. tra 
na, v.; silting at or along; covering of the end, brim etc. 
natolQ, n. transgressor; person who makes mistakes, fro to 
na and na to, V. 
nat5mQ, n. transgression of S. b. words, fro t6 na, v.; mis-
take in speaking. 
natsakemQ, n. recanting. 
nalsalQ, n. fitter. 
natsamQ, n. fitting, adjoining, contact, continuation (comp. 
nQtsamQ); fro lsa na and na lsa, V. 
natselQ, n. Leazer fro tse na; person speaking correcLly fro 
na lise, v. 
natse.mQ, n. tea zing , troubling; fro tse na, v.; clear speak-
ing, correct speech; fr. na tse, v. 
naLsT, n. movement; s. · tsi, V. 
nats1 and natsimQ, n. stopping up of the month, opening, 
passage etc. fr. 181 lla, V. 
11 a lSilQ , n. person hindering or stopping one's way. 
nats5lQ, n. tempter fro tSD na, V. 
216 natso - ila. 
natso, n. tempting , t.emptat.ion. 
nat somQ, n. recanting. 
nat.sQwi emQ, n. temptin g, provoking word. 
nawal\l, n. hardn ess, harshn ess (of words) , fr. na wa, v. 
nawalQ , n. hard, barsh person. 
nawalQd seIi, n. bard, harsh behaviour,. charaeter. 
nawielQ, n. in terpreter; = nadsielQ, advocat e. 
nawiemQ, n. interpret.ation , speaking for some body , sa lu-
tat.ion. 
nayeli , n. bargaining, negotiation. 
nayelQ, nayelilQ, n. bargainer , negotiator ; fr. ye na, v. 
nayelisane, n. negot.iating palaver. 
nayeremo, n. overhearing un awares, fro yere na, V. 
nay], nayim Q, n. intercep tion of speech, fr. )'i na, V. 
,nayomQ, n. kno wing by the voice. 
li a , Iii! , V. inf. nil and pI. liamQ, inf. tb. s., to pres s. 
to squeeze (= mYa), (t.o press the hand ?) to salut e, to 
visit (comp. fla and sra, v.), to shut, to be shut , to 
give oreler, to sin g out. 
na, inf. nil , v. t.o learn (f. i. a trad e). 
na hIe, v. to shut !he door before s. b. 
lla mli , V. in!'. mliliamQ, mlitia, to shut the opening, in-
side; to press in; to squeeze out. 
ila m. k. , v. to salute, visit s . b. 
na na , V. inf. nan amQ , to shut (the opening , door etc. 
s. na, n.). 
na nQ , v. inf. nQilamQ , to press upon, t.o squeeze the sur-
face , t.o shut t.he cover (s. no , n.). 
na S() , v. inf. se1iamQ , 10 shut bebind. 
na si, V. inf. siIiamQ , t.o press down. 
na m. k. yi, in!'. yi liil, to give a peremptory order to s. b. , 
to cry (and stamp) at S. b . (l/(ln9mfd)enfl); inf. yiliamQ, 
to shut one up or in . 
na m. k. yi se, v. inf. yis () liamQ , to shut after s. b. head, 
i. e. to shut s. b. in , t.o close after a man ; Gen. 7, 16. 
llii, n. pressing, squeezing. 
'n a, or liil , pI. namei ; when without any possessive pro-
noun or case before it (i. e. in the vocative case or ad-
dress (alia, aIiamei (c.omp. ate, awo, ao, anyemi , awu) , 
n. wife (in her exclusive relation to her husband, compo 
biianye, bienye and yo); espoused bride (comp. also 
siyere and ayemforo). It is custom to betroth young 
girls, even sucklings (and children in the mothers womb 
li.a - nano. 217 
on condition that they ~re girls) to sOJ'ne male, adult or 
young; from that time he has to give presents to her 
and her parents and she is bound to him and called ila , 
wife, or siyere (si, promise, and yere, Ot. , wife); during 
the bridal ceremonies, when dressed and adorned as bride, 
ayemforo (s . this) and after ·marriage again na , aila. 
Camp. wyf} yo, kpe yo, v. Adn. yo, tho s., for "wife " 
and "woman"; camp. ,,®eib". 
ita, ita , generally ita nQ, nanQ, n. grassy plain, field (where 
there is no bush, S. ko, n.) savanna ; esp. the level be-
tween the sea and the mountains as fDr as there is no 
bush (fr. ita, to press?) ; wilderness. 
ita nQ or nanQ, in or on the field; camp. dsa nQ , asa nQ, 
ko se etc. EYf} na It} nQ , he is in the field. 
na, n. (Adit. ga; Ot. nyansa , camp. ita, v. na, v. Ot. nya, 
to gel, and na , to visit) counsel, advice; art; wisdom ; 
.prudence; trade; craft; cunning; trick etc. Ie na , v. to 
know wisdom, art, to have prudence ; to know a trade; 
wo na, v. info nawo, to give counsel, advice; na: mJi, 
adverbially used: prudently, cunningly ; secretly. 
nabi, n. step-child (lit. wife's child) of a man; camp. wubi, n. 
itaisa, n. wounds betwixt the toes from perspiration. 
nai, collective n. coals; naI k\l la, fire-coals ; s. the next 
word. 
nala:, V. to dry, to shrink ; inf. MIa. 
naJar, itlai, adj. dry; IJerfol)ft. 
nale, n. wisdom, knowledge, prudence (s. Ie ni!, v.); trade, 
mast ership . 
nalQ, li alQ , n. visiter ; a person shutting or preSsing, S. na, V. 
nalo, nanIa, n. beas t of the field, S. kola, n. 
nalQ , n. artificer ; prudent , wise man; counseller; trades-
man; master of a trade; fr. nil, V. 
nalQfemQ , - yeJi, n. mastership . 
namQ, n. shutting; pressing, squeezing; saluting , visiting ; 
visit; fr. na, v. 
iJilna, n. rain-water gathered from thatched houses, camp. 
adsensu, n. 
nan - or nanQ - -, prefixed to a noun, indicates wild , S. 
nanQkpQilQ etc. 
111\111, adj. and adv. cold; - Iy. 
naitkolo, n. be'ast of the field. 
itano, pI. nanii, n. implements or instruments of an artist, ' 
artificer, tradesman ; machine; camp. tsone, n. 
218 
nanQkpQl1Q, n. wild horse; a kind of antelopes, in size and 
shape like a horse. 
nanQ (s. fia, n. ila nQ), n. field; na Ie nQ, the field; adv. 
in or on the field ; compo dsanQ, n. etc. 
lianQnii , pl. n. things of the field ; wild growing things; 
compo ko - , koil- and nanQkpQnQ , nanQtsina et.c. 
nanQtsina, il,antsina, n. a kind of buffalo, S. wuo, wo, n. 
nasi, n. arm-hole. 
n;lwiewQ, n. word of advice. 
nawo, n. counsellin g, advice, fro wo lia, V. Ot.. tu fo, V. 
nawolQ, n. advicer. 
11awyiei, n. a kind of sweet. fruit of a tree; sweet - sap; 
compo aluguntllgUl'I, n. 
nawyieitso, pl. - tsci , n. tree bearing it. 
nawy~ , n. living (of a man) wit.h a wife ; married stat.e; 
matrimony; comp o )'owye and gblri, n. 
'ne, ene, demon. pron. Ad. tho S., this ; 01. yi. Co mpo 
mon~, none. 
l1e? int. pron. what. ? = me, me?; where whence, wheret.o? 
= negbe? 
!le, V. to rain ; always constructed with Nyonmo (which 
see) for its subject; Nyonmo neQ, God rains; = it rains. 
Comp. · fa , ba, Nyol'Imo ba ; tue etc. N)'0IU110nf}, n. rain ; 
NyonmonemQ, th. S. . 
Jle, aux. V. in Adn. = ye, to be and no , ke in G5 , de 
in Ot., to take. S. Apendix. 
negbe, int. pron. lit. what way , where, - to whi t her ; 
whence, S. ne ; nlgbe , th. S. 
neha, num. nine; ameyi neha, they are nine in number. 
ner, n. a kind of reeds. 
nei and ne, Ad. = neha. 
n~k~, pI. nekemei , demonst. pron. generally follow ed by 
ne , this, such; n~k~ .gbomo ne, this man or such a 
man ; but if construed adjectively = certain, f. i. gbomo 
ko neke, a certain person (whose name I have forgo.l-
ten) ; noko neke, a certain thing. Compo also nakai and 
§ 34. Ad. kike, tho S. 
n~lenQ , n. (the) opposite (thing or place), nSQngbe neleng 
dsi kongbe, the opposite (or contrary) of south is north. 
nel~nQ , adv. opposite; ye - , inf. n~l('noyeli, V. to be -. 
ilelenQno, n. opposite thing or place or direction. 
n~l!lnQyeli, n. oppositeness. 
nenyanke, n. saw-fish, s. nyanyanke. 
11~1~1, = rulli, n. shells. 
nf - niianwiimQ. ~ 1 9 
ilf. - s. undo mr. 
'ngan, pI. 'ngadsi, s. en an engal'l, n. a kind of birds. 
nga = na, n. Adn. ga ; art. 
ng - S. under n. 
ngo, n. = no, salt. 
ni, v. (Ot. th o S. or ne) = dsi, to be something ; it is in-
flexible and sometimes shortened into "n "; f. - i, midsi, 
mini, min , it is I ; gbomo ni or gbomon, it is a person . 
Comp o nl , pron. and conj. and ni, conj . Ad. " i " 'as t er-
minational augment ; tho S. f. i. anQk wail , Ad. anQkwai, 
it is true! . 
ni , reI. pron. whi c h , who ; th a t ; (Ot. a) compo moni , 
noni ; w h e n ; compo beni , wh e r e; compo helli , how ; 
compo bQni ; conj . that , as for the purpose that, constru ed 
with potent. mood . Compo ni, v. aud conj . and ak!), conj. 
ni, conj. a nd , Adn. tho s . Ot . na ; only used to comhin e 
sentences or verbs , but not nouns (comp. k!)) . Comp o 
ni, V. 
ni or nl, n. pI. nimei , grandfather; Ot. nan a ; compo na, 
nye, n. etc. 
ni , nii , nibii , pI. n. of no (which see) . The word in its 
sing. and pI. form is very frequently used in combina-
tions (as mo , mei of persons) , to rep lace an object 
wanting etc. see the sequel. 
nibi or nibi, pI. - bii , n. grand-child , grandfa1h er-child , S. 
nahi, n. 
nibii, diminutive pI. form of no, thing ; n. little things, thillgs. 
nidsi, pI. of nine. 
niiahefQIQ , n. washer ; fro fo nii ahe, V. 
DiiahefomQ , n. washing of cloth etc. 
niian = nii amli , n. inside of things ; region ; adverbially 
used: in the things ; about; dsemei niiail , there about. . 
niiankpalQ, n. dainty person . 
niiankpamQ , n. daintiness, fro kpa nii amli , V. 
niianye, pI. -mei, n. rich woman ; S. niiatSe, n. 
niiato, n. S. niito. 
niiasedi, D. desire (after things) fro di nii ase, V. 
niial se or niatse, pI. - tsemei , n. lit. father or possessor of 
things , rich man ; used in apposition = adj . ri ch ; nti 
niials\) , a rich man ; yo niiats!), rich woman , but also 
"niianye ", n. tho S. 
DiiahewumQ , fro wu nii ahe, V. and 
niiailwumQ (fr. Wll niian, v.) , n. - sup erfluity. 
220 niiba - nilelg. 
niibR, n. produclion (of fru ils of I he field) ; fr. ba nii , Y • 
begging; compo sisemg, n. 
niibgni, pI. n. things created, creat.ures; creat.ion ; S. bg. 
niidgnii or nidgnii , pl. grievous t.hings; grief; = nii nl 
dgg mo. 
niifemgnii or nif. , pI. n. (fr. nOfemgn6) deeds; doing ; b e-
haviour et.c. Ad. niipemnii, n. th. s. 
niif6dsianii (comp. nOfOI'l), pI. n. bad deeds, als ; bad doing. 
acting; bad behaviour. 
niihinii, pI. n. detestable thin gs; things religiously unclean 
to s. b., s. hi, v. 
niikeni i (fl' . n6k en6) pI. presents; dashes; s. ke, v. 
niikpamg, n. harvest , taking of things from sun or rain ; 
the contr. of kamg , n. , fr. kpa nii, v. 
niikpalg, n. reaper. 
niikp!L nikp~ , n. sewing, tailors work or trade, fr . kpe 
ni i, V.; mile niikp~, I know to sew; I am a tailor. 
niikp en6, pl. -nii, sewing implement. 
niikpelg, nikp., n. tailor; seamstress. 
niile, nile, n. knowledge (of things) wisdom fr. Ie nii, v. 
niilelg , nil. , n. knowing, wise person . 
niin a, nina, n. sight fl'. na nii, v. to see. 
niiseniianii, pI. n. ill-use, abuse; fe m. k. niiseniianii , v. to 
use one ill, to illtreat one ; compo se, V. to ill-trcat. 
niis eniianiifelg , n. mischievous person ; illtreater. 
niiseniianiifemg, n. ill-use , ill-usage, ill-treatment.. 
ni it a , niiata, nit a, n. putting in order ; keeping things to-
gelher. 
niitolg , n. a person who put things in order, or who keeps 
things together. 
niitsulg, nitsulg , u. workman, labourer, fr. tsu nii, V. 
niitsumg, nitsumg , n. work, labour ; business ; calling; duty; 
yfJ he niitsumg , V. to be in want of; to use, to employ 
S. th. 
niitsumgbe, n. time of or for labour ; season of labour. 
niitsumgfimg , n. pressure of business . 
niilsumghe, n. work-place ; work-shop. 
niitsumgkpamo, n. rest, stoppage of labour ; 8eierabenb; 
fl'. kpa niitsumg , v. 
niitsumggbI, n. day of labour ; working day. 
nikutso, pI. - tsei , n. ell-bow = ninekutso, n. . 
nlkut soyisi, - sisi, n. ell-bow (the outer or under-part of ill · 
nile, S. niile, n. 
l1ilelg ,. s. niilelQ, 11. 
nina ilkQbQIQ. 22t 
nina, v. inf. ninamQ , to overtake. 
nina, s. niina, n. 
ninalQ, n. overtaker. 
ninamQ, n. overtaking. 
nine, int. -mQ , v. to press down Cf.i. a swelling) ; s. Iii!, v. 
bQbQ , v. 
ninemQ, n. pressing , sqeezing. " 
nine, old pro nunc. ninde, pI. nidsi, n. arm, hand , outside 
or back of the hand , camp. de (and Hebr. l ' = nine, 
and ~) = del ; brancb; trunk (of th e elephant) forefeet 
and shoulder of beasts, etc. The word is vrry probably 
combined of ni = eli (Ot. = to eat) and ncle, ade (Ot. 
tbing); fe - , v. to surpass the hand ; to be too much etc. 
nine abeku, nin ebeku, n. left hand; north = koIigb!l; see 
nadsiasi, n. 
nine dSLiro , ninedsuro, n. right hand ; adv. to 01' at tbe 
righ hand; south. 
ninedsi:irogbe, n. right handway, i. e. toward the right hand ; 
south, southward = nSQgbe . 
ninefe, -I!l, n. surpassing of the hand; state of being too 
much of s. tho 
ninese, n. back of ' the hand. 
ninewao, pI. - wabii, n. finger; S. wao, n., compo nanewao, n. 
nitsulQ, nitsumQ etc. S. niitsulQ, ni itsumQ. 
11kanali, Iikanale, Iikanare (Ot. tho s.) , n. rust; dQ - , V. 
to get rusty. 
Iikanalidg, n. rusting , getting rusty. 
Iikani, Ot. tho S. , n. a kind of yams. 
Iikati!l, n. Ot. tho S. groundnuts. 
Iikatiebo, n. bearing of groundnuts, S. bQ , v. 
IikatiedlimQ , n. groundnut-planting. 
ilkati!)mu, n. groundnuts-oil. 
IikatiehDmQ , n. groundnut-growing. 
Iikatiewonu, n. groundnuts soup. 
ilkatiediilQ, - hDIQ , n. groundnuts grower. 
ilkloil, nkr6Ii , n. (sound imitating snoring), snore. 
Iikl6ilho, n. snoring, fro h6 - , v. 
ilkQ, n. small heaps of ground put to the yams plant ; 
bg -, V. to heap yams. 
IlkQbeIi , n. (Ot.?) or okQbeil, n. cloth dyed with red clay 
for mourning, redness (from clay, etc.) dirtiness; wo -, V. 
to be dirty, red. 
IikQbg, n. yams-heaping. 
ilkgbQlg , n. yams-heaper. 
222 nkgmg - nm!\. 
nkgmg, 'kgmg , Ot. tho S., . n. complaint, lamentation ; sad-
ness, grief; ye ilkgmg and )'e ' kgmg, V. to lament, be 
sad, complain. Ad. kgmQ , n. 
nkQmQycli, n. complaining, lamentation, sadness, grief. 
nkQmQyelilQ, -yeIQ, n. complainer; sad person . 
nkQmQyelisanp. , n. sad story; sad pala1'er. 
nkonya, nkunya (Ot. fro kom, v. to be possessed by a spirit 
and nya, V. to get), n. a miracle done by spiritual power; 
generally used of the natural and unnatural miracles of 
fetish-priests , ye -, V. to perform such. Compo aral; 
okomfo. 
nkonyayeJi, n. performance of miracles; juggling etc. 
likonyayelQ, - yelilQ, n. performer of miracles ;· juggler, con-
jurer; kind of fetishpriests, S. okomfo, afatyelQ, - felQ, n. 
nkpai, n. (01.. mpai) curse ; libation; a eertain fetish-ceremony ; 
yi nkpai, V. to perform a libation ; to take away the curse. 
nkpaiyT, n. t.aking away the curse; performance of a libation. 
nkpaiyilQ , n. person performing tbis ceremony. 
nkran, n. wandering ants (Ot. th oS . and Akra- or Ga-town, 
people and language) . These ants march some times in 
great number and invest but at the same time cleanse 
houses, stables, devouring every kind of vermin. 
nku , n. sbea-butter, treebut.ter used by the natives to anoint 
themselves after washing. It is imported from the upper 
Volta. 
ilku, nkGiJ., nklim, n. lean meat; adj. lean, meagre; 10 nkG, 
lean meat. 
nkulo, n. assembly ; bQ - , v. to assemble; compo gwa, n. 
bQ gwa, v.; to reason, decide. 
iJ.kulobQ , n. assembling, assembly; reasoning; decision. 
nkwail (Ot.), n. soup; = wgnu, n.; palmsoup, shortened 
from the Ot. mekwaiJ., n. 
nlat, adj. dry, berfo9lt, s. nalft, v. 
nlai, n. a kind of knives to scrape the mudwalls smoothly. 
illeille, adj. thin- (of pap et.c.). 
ilma, v. info ilma, pI. ilmla, inf. nmlamg, to scratch, f. i. 
one's face; to make characters into or on s. th.; to sign 
(s. kadi) , to draw ; to write; - wolo , v. - - a letter, 
- - on paper. 
nma he, V. lnf. henmamQ, lit.. to sign, to blame one's self 
bo he ahora, v. 
ilma, n. scratching; drawing; writing. 
ilma ilmi). 223 
. nma, n. Ad. tho s. a kind of wheat, very small and black, 
of which bread is made; food of every kind; eyee ·ilma, 
he does noL eat. 
nma-aboI6 , n. bread of this. 
nma, n. fragrance ; perfume; sweet scent ; dse - , V. to be 
odorifeous, fragrant; tso fa h ilma , n. perfumery ; 
spices. 
ilma, n. fish -eggs. 
ilmada, n. lit. food-wine, beer ; blQfo-ilm1lda , european beer; 
ho illniida, v. to brew (beer). 
ilm1idahoIQ, n. brewer. 
iunadiihomQ, n. brewing. 
ilmadse, n. fragranc,Y; sweet scent. 
ilmadulQ, n. grow er of wheat. 
ilmadumQ, n. growing of wheat; S. du , v. 
ilmahiilQ, n. = ilmiidiilQ; s. ho, v. 
ilmahiimQ, n. = ilInadiimQ . . 
ilmaIT , adv. alternately; fQ - , v. to bear alternately (sc. 
boys and girls). 
ilmafIfQIQ, n. person bringing forth boys and girls alter· 
nately. 
ilmaflfQmg, n. bringing forth alternately. 
ilmarl-nmawQlQ -, words used in dividing things equally; as: 
mine -, thine - , mine - , thin e - . Esp. in childrens 
language. 
ilmail, ilma, n. a kind of large antelopes. 
Iunanma, n. a large antelope in the neighbour-hood of the 
river Volta, said to have on e horn on ~he forehead and 
being very shy and swift, of the size of a horse ; per-
haps the unicorn of the bible (not the rhinoceros i). 
ilmatsil, n. or 
ilmatso , pI. - tSei, n. ear of wheat (see ilma) used by the 
fetish-priest for fumigating. 
ilmawu, n. side (of body). 
nmawuail = ilmawu . amli, chest; n. insides of the sides ; 
adv. at the side. 
ilmawutso, pI. -tSei, n. rib. 
ilme, n. palmnut (with the flesh of it , S . ilme). 
ilm!!, n. nut, kernel (f. i. of the palmnut) . 
ilme or: ilmei, n. thorn. 
ilm!', in!. ilm\" ilmemQ (pI. lim~H' or ilml~), Y. to lie; to 
lay; to put (comp. ba; rna. to, ta, ka etc.); to shut; to 
lay eggs; to miss, to let, to open; to be open; to per-
22 4 11m!) he - illnel ~hosomQ. 
mit; to layout , to spread; t.o submit to be calm, quiet 
etc. (Comp. ba , bre in Ot.) 
nm e he, v. inL benm!) , helim ij mo t.o lay open; tQ give 
s. b. free ; to lib erate ; to let. , to let go, to loose. 
lim1j mli , .v. mlil1me, t.o put in , ioto ; tse tsui lime mli , 
to comfort one's self; to shot, to lock. 
lim i') na , v. iof. naI1m(i, to be shut; to shut , lock . 
lime m. k. nasa , v. to give s. b. a bad answer. 
nm !) nQ, v. info llQnm 0, to lay or put UpOll ; to ,Hid. 
ilm~ (and limg) okpl6, v. info okplollme, to spread the 
table ; to make a feas t. 
11m i') se, v. info s!:) nme, to put back ; to shut hehind. 
lime si , v. inf. siiun1j, to lay dowu; to lie down ; lo 
submit. 
lim i') tsui si , v. info tsuisilime, to lay the heart down ; to 
have patience ; - - ha: m. k., - - - with S. h. ; to be pa-
li ent; comp. to tsui (8i), h1'l tsui nyo mli ; tho s.; and 
tsui fa , mli fu, mJi wo la etc. the contrary; Ot. to bo 
ase , v. 
lim!;) ,yi, inf. yinm1jmQ , v. to shut in; S. nil yi , v. th. S. 
lim~ yi si , v. to let the head down ; inf. yisiilm0; = rune 
tsui si , v. 
lim(i , n. laying ; lying etc.; shuttin g, locking; fro lime, V. 
lim(i, adv. open ; openly; wide open; gble Iime, v. to open 
wide. 
limega, n. a finger-ring, ma.de from the kern el of a palm-
nut ; dSQ - , v. to mak e one by rubbing on a stone. 
limele, pI. form, though seldom heard of the verb lime. 
- nm ele, nmle, pI. lim!)dsi n. bell ; clock (comp . gbe, to 
sound ; Iimele tfa, v. (the bell strickes), to strike the 
bell , inf. of both : liml ~ -tfa, liml!) enyie atfa? Iimedsi 
enyle atfa'! what o'clock may it be? The answer is 
somewhat curious , as the sing. or plur. is userl some-
what strangely ; f. i. liml!) kome (one o'clock); Iimed s i 
enyo (two o'clock); Iimedsi ete, - edre, - enumQ , - ekpa; 
but rlml e kp awo (seven o'clock) ; limle kpanyo , -neha, 
- nyonma " - nyo nma ke ekome, - nyoiuna k!) enyo; 
but it is also suffieient to say: atfa ekome , enyo etc. (lit. 
it struck one, two etc.); or limele es!), the clock rea-
ches; cse enyo , it is two o'clock ; etc. h050 or woso 
Iim!)I!), V. info ilmel!) hosomQ, to ring the bell. Compo ha. 
iunel!)hosoIQ, n. bell-ringer. 
ilm!)lehosomQ, n. bell-ringing. 
omeleLSa - iJmglokpawolQ. 225 
iJmeletfa, n. striking of the bell , the hours; bour ; clock ; 
timekeeping. 
ilm~letfaIQ, n. time-keeper, person striking the hours on 
a bell. 
i1m!)l!)wosoIQ, - WOSOIDQ, s. 
nmelflhosolQ , -ohosomQ, n. 
ilml)IQ, n. layer ; person laying or putting s. tho fro lime, V" 
omemQ, i1m!)lemQ, n. missing; letting ; allowing ; opening 
etc. fl'. lime, V. 
i1m!)mu, nut-oil; esp. the oil made from the kernel of 
palmnuts (not palmoil, S. mutsuru). 
i1meilmlebii, pI. n. brushwood, copse. 
limenil , -numQ , n. gathering of palmnuts , fr. nu iJm e, V. 
i1menuIQ, n. gatherer of palmnuts , fr. nu iJme, v. 
iJm!)tso, limeitso, pI. - tSei, n. nuttree; any tree bearing 
nuts. 
limeteiJmet!), adj. and adv. full of small spots , spotted, 
grisled; compo dsekedseke, dilmdam, liwatiil'l\vata etc. 
i1miamQ, n. mud; S. i1mQtQ, n. 
limliJml, n. fear; terror, horror ; - mo m. k., V. to be . 
taken hold of by fear , dread etc. \0 shake ; compo se, 
se gbeye; he kpokpo, etc. 
i1mlomimomQ, n. fearing; -dreading etc.; S. the former. 
i1mlitsa, n. gravel, consisting of small iron-stones. 
i1mo, iJm!) (perhaps from tbe former v. lime, imperf. 
form iJmeQ , compo hIe tse and hie tso) v. to spread; 
- okplO, - tbe table. Compo also kiL and kQ , v. , 
tse, V. AdIi.. = tSQ, V. etc. 
limo, pI. limgIi.mfj and iJmQIQ, iJmlQ , info iJmg, Ii.mQlg, 
Ii.mlg (Ii.mIQmQ), v. to laugh; - m. k. , to laugh at S. b. , 
to deride, sometimes also 
iJme! he, V. to laugh about. 
ilmg si, V. to laugh at. 
Ii.mg, pI. om!)I!), inf. ilmg, lim!)l(jmQ, to tie, to bind ; compo 
Ii.m1), v. 
limg, n. laughing , laughter. 
Ii.miiIG, limlQ, tho s.; WO Ill. k. na Ii.m!)l!) , fo make one to 
laugh; ye --, V. to be laughable. 
nmOIQ, n. laugher , derider. 
Ii.llIg1Qkpa, n. lit. laugh-string , laughter; wo Ii.mQIQkpa, to 
raise laugbter; ha m. k. = wo m. k. na lim!)I!), v. to 
make one laugh. 
ilm!)lokpaw6, ilml!)wo, n. causing 10 laugh ; joke. 
i1mQlokpawoIQ, illnlgwolQ. n. joker; jester. 
Zi m merman n, Akra-Vocab. 15 
226 limon no. 
limori, or limo, pl. limorlsi, n. planted field, plantation (comp. 
abQ, ko, na, n. etc.) able-llmoli, corn-fi eld; duade-nmoli, 
cassada-field etc. 
nmoli, pl. limodsi , n. louse. 
11mQrimQnmQ, adj. and adv. swoll en ; fe - , 1'. to be swollen. 
IlmQllmQllmQfe.mQ, n. swelling. 
nmonmlo, n. or 
nmonmolo , pl. nmoiunodsi , n. board ; gba - , v. to sa\\' 
boards; gbg - , v. 10 plane. 
ilmonmologbamQ and 
IlmorimologblamQ, n. boardsawin g. 
ilmol'lmologblaIQ , n. boardsawer. 
nmoillnologbQIQ, n. carpenter; s. srenke, n. and gbQ, ,I'. 
ilmollmologbQ, n. pl aning. 
ilmQlQ, u. (comp. kpQlQ) mire. 
ilmQlQ, adj. and 
nmQlQrimQtQ , adj. and adv. miry; mirily. 
nmUl, or mlii, adv. and interj. hush! at once ! Ebote lsun 
nmui , he went into the room - hush -, gon e -. Compo 
krana; bum elc. 
no , demo pron. that; pl. nomei , those; Ad. ke , IQIQ. 
no hewQ , noh ewQ , conj. therefore; wherefore ; Ad. dsahe. 
no Ie, conj. then = keke I ~, be Ie. 
no mJi , adv. tben. 
no nOli , demo pron. even that; pl. nomei 11011, even those; 
no gbomo I ~ nail, even that same person. 
no non .ke , Ih. S., still that same. 
no, V. info nomQ , to wrestl e, struggle, quarrel; 10 fight. 
no he, V. to struggle for or about. 
n6 (no ), pI. nii (Ot. ade) n. thing , compo §§ 24-26, 
29 ; goods, riches; propert.y; palaver, matter, state; in-
strument ; vessel; implement ; etc. one of the most fre-
quently used words as well as Ihe next following , from 
which it scarcely can be distinguished. No, pI. nii serves 
to take the place of imp e r son a I subjects or objects, 
if not expressed and still grammatically required, as rna, 
mei do, if they are personal. It is therefore often used 
like a pronoun or formword, as he, rna, mei; etc. Compo 
esp. the follow. cases: Mino, my thing (mine), ono (thine), 
eno (his, hers, its) wQno, nyeno, ameno, ano; pI. (seldom 
llsrd) minii, onii etc. Nama n6? Whose (thing, pos-
session) ? Mane n6 , this one's (possession); yi or , tfa 
m. k. no or nii , 10 flog or strike S. b. with some 
thing or things; na no, na n6 ko (noko), to see S. 
nQ. 227 
th. i. e. to suffer pain; flO no , salt-vessel ; nano, pI. na-
nii , instruments of art; nofon, something bad, a bad thing, 
nasa, a sinful thing (comp. mofon etc.) nohewg, n5 hewQ, 
wherefore, the thing for which etc. etc. Compo also: 
sane, n. 
n Q (ng), n. (pI. noi -?) Ot. s o , surface, cover, upp er side, 
top etc. what is over, more than enough ; the contrary 
of ii i and siSi ; used , like this, and hIe, he, mli , s(} etc. 
as postposition to express the relation of place and tropi-
cally also of time, mann er etc. and as adverb. Camp. 
up , upon , on ; over ; above etc. in Engl,. and auf, ObCll, 
~u, an, fod , meiter, ilber, etc. in Germ.. It is seldom 
used as grammat. subject but very freqn ently as gram. 
object , f. i. ba ng, V. info ngba: , to come upon etc. be 
nQ , neg. voice of )'(} ng , v. which s~e; b~ ng, V. inf. 
ngb (jmg , to sweep upon , over ek. ble ng , v. inL nQ-
blemQ , to stretch or cross upon , over, on; to ceil or 
cover a room ; to crucify; bu ng , v. inf. nobumg' ,' to 
cover; to defend, to watch over; damQ ng , v. ngdamg, 
to stand upon , of men (see mil ng-) ; do nQ = tsere nQ, 
v. inf. nQdomg , to st rain; dse nQ, V. inf. Il gdse, V. to 
come off, to take off; dii(} ng, v. to come from above, 
dsie nQ , v. info ngd siemQ, to take off the surface, to 
take off from s. th., dSQ nQ , V. to bless or say a bless-
ing over S. th. , to consecrate; fa nQ , v. inf. nQfamQ, 
to take off the surface, cover etc. fI nQ, v. info nof! , nQ-
rImQ, to bind up ; fa nQ, V. to cast upon ; gble nQ , v. 
info nQgblemQ, to open the surface, cover ; ha nQ, V. 
nQha , to cover up; hi! nQ, V. to give over and above; 
here nQ, inL nQheremQ, lit. to take up; to answer, 
camp. La he, v.; hI nQ, v. info nQbll(}, to remain, dwell 
upon ; ho nQ , v. inL nQho, to pass over; hu no , V. to 
blow off; ka nQ, V. info nQkamQ , to be fixed upon , to 
cleave to ; ka: nQ, v. info nQkiimg , to lie upon " to rest 
upon ; hIe k1i nQ, v. to trnst upoo; kpa ng , v. inf. ng-
kpamo, to draw or drag off (from a chair) ; to dethrone 
(a king) ; to plnck ofT; , kCt nQ, v. inf. nQkCt, nQkiimQ, 
to break from above (10 no, camp. alo, 10 , lit. "or more" 
= and so on; and tho like etc.) ; rna nQ, V. nQma, I1Q-
mamQ; to stand upon ; to build upon ; to set upon; nan a 
nQ , and na I1Q , V. info I1Ql1anamQ , I1QnamQ , V. to· tread 
upon , to tread down ; l1,)'e nQ , V. to spueeze down ; 
nme nQ, v. to lay upon ; sa nQ, V. to fit upon ; iii nQ ; 
v. to knock upon; to add; to repeat ; ta nQ, pI. tra nQ, 
15* 
228 nQ fii - n9ft 
v. to touch the surface; t.o sit upon ; to ride, inf. nQ-
tamQ, I1 QtramQ; te I1 Q, s. ya I1 Q; teke I1 Q, v. to leap 
over : to be over , superfluous; inL I1 Qtekelll Q; ti I1 Q, v. 
to s tumble upon (as sp iders would do , s. Gil -Fables) 
to nQ, v. to order upon , to set. UpOI1 ; to repeat ; info 
nQto; to UQ, inf. nQtomQ, V. to smooth : to iron ; to nQ, 
v. inf. Il QtomQ, to transgress ; tsa Il Q, v. inf. nQIsamQ. 
10 con tinn e; t5e I1 Q, v. to plnck from ; to reduce; tsi 
nQ, v. to close up; Iso nQ, V. La shine upon ; 150 nQ, 
v. te tu rn upon , over , up ; tsum Q nQ, v. to wipe; wo 
nQ, V. inf. I1 QwomQ, to lift up , to exalt ; wo he I1 Q, v. 
inf. henQwomQ, to lift. one's self up, be proud ; to exalt 
S . b. ; wyie' I1 Q, v. to grind upon ; ya nQ (aor., perf. and 
fnt. te nQ), v. in f. nQya, to go on , to proceed ; ye nQ, 
v. info nQyeli, to rnl e . to have th e pow er over - ; to 
inh erit (s. ye); ye nQ (neg. voice be nQ) V. to be upon, 
on , up , over etc. (aux. v.); yi nQ, V. t.o come down 
upon , to strike upon ; to come Ilpon ; yQ nQ = yeQ I1 Q, 
imp erf. tense of ye ' nQ; etc. etc. 
nQ fa, inf. I1Qra nQfamQ, V. to be open ; comp o fa nQ, V. 
I1 Q gble, v. illf. nQgblemQ, to be open , camp . gbJ e nQ, V. 
nQ ha, V. inf. I1 QiJa, to be covered ; camp . ha I1 Q, V. 
nQ kif, V. info nQkamQ, 10 be open (of boxes, covers ele.) 
camp. kil ; fa , gble; nm e, v. 
n o and 
no - see after no - , no - and nQ. 
, nQba , 11 . coming upon, on, over ; fro ba nQ, V. 
nQblemQ , 11 . strelching upon ; crossing; ceiling; crucifixion ; 
fro ble I1Q , v. 
nQbumQ , n. covering; lying Ilpon ; watching; defence: fr. 
bu nQ, V. 
nQdam Q, n. standing UpOI1 ; fro damQ nQ, V. 
nQdamQhe, 11. footin g. 
I1 Qdom Q, n. straining ; fr. do nQ, V. 
nQdse, n. coming alI ; taking alI ; reducing (of price), re-
du ction , fr. dse nQ , v.; going 01I, away. 
nQdselQ , n. reducer; S. nQt selQ , n. 
nQd5iemQ , n. taking alI ; fr. dsie nQ, V. 
nQdsQIQ, blesser; consecrat.er. 
nQdsQmQ, n. blessing ; consecration ; fr. dSQ nQ, v. 
ngfamQ, n. opening; discovering , If. fii I1Q al1d I1 Q fa, 11. 
nOfen o, pI. nii fe; n6fiiino, pron. every ; any (thing) ; compo 
fe and lI1oferno. 
~Qfi and 
nomilOniidsa. 229. 
ilQfimg, n. binding up. 
ngfa, n. casting upon , increasing, adding. 
nMan , pI. niifodsi (comp. also: niifadsianii) n. bad thing, 
evil; sin; impers. noun formed by efail, evil and no; 
compo mofon, n. and § 25 and 26. 
nofoilfelQ, = efailfelQ, n. evil-doer; culprit; compo esafelQ, 
nosafelQ , nQtolQ, moron etc. and Ot. adeboney!)fo, n. 
nOfoilfemg , n. bad act or deed; sin. 
nggb ~, n. way up to S. tho "Illufroeg." 
nggblemg, n. opening. 
ngha, n. covering up. 
nghano, . pI. - nii n. cover; shield, S. tSen, n.; shawl and 
the like. 
ngherelQ, n. person answering or replying or taking up 
speaking. 
ngheremQ, n. answering, replying , taking of the word .; 
answer; response ; compo heta , n. 
ngheremglala, n. responsc-hymn or song. 
nohewg , conj. therefore; generally followed by Ie or nl. 
nohewg hG nl - therefore also -. 
n6hewg, pron. and conj. why, whatfore, wherefore. 
nQhile, n. r emaining, dwelling upon. 
nQh6, n. passing over; surpassing. 
nQka: and ' 
nQkamQ , n. cleaving to; custom; practice; habit; use; fro 
ka no, V. 
nQkamg, n. lying upon s. tho fro kii nQ , v.; opening, fro nQ 
ka, v. 
nokeno and 
noke, n. gift, present ; S. niikenii, pI. of it. 
nQkpalQ, n. usurpator; person straining or clarifying s. tho 
nQkpamg , n. drawing or dragging ofI ; dethroning , fro kpa. 
nQ, v.; straining, clarification. 
nQkiimQ, nQkGomQ, n. breaking off. 
nolQ , n. fighter, wrestler. 
nom, n. (Ot. thos .) spoil, booty, esp. of war; no -, V. to 
spoil, plunder ; to make prisoners. 
ngma , ngmamQ , n. standing, lying, building upon S. tho 
nomIi.O, n. spoiling, plundering; making prisoners. 
nomIi.O ghomo, pI. - mei , n. prisoner of war. 
nom1101Q, n. plunderer ; person making prisoners. 
nornn5nii, pI. n. plunder, spoil, booty; prisoners of war. 
nomIi.Oniidsa, n. dividing ,of the spoil. 
230 DQll - DQ)'aIQ. 
nOll, pron. (Ot.. ara) same; even; lenon, the same, even 
he or she ; nakai n611 , even so ; co:np. no, pron . Ad. !I. e, 
which see also in Gil. 
nQna - mQ , nQnana - mQ, n. treading upon , down , fro na 
nQ and nana nQ, V. • 
nona , n. pain , torture ; torturing, suffering, fr. na n6, v. 
nonaiQ, n. suffering person. 
nonasane, n. paiuful srory , palaver. 
nQnyelllQ, n. squeezing down; fro nye nQ, v. 
non e , delllonst,r. pron. this (thin g); _pI. nil nl') or niin ~ . 
noni ( = no nl , Go mp. Illoni , bQni , koni, dillli etc.) , reI. 
proll. what; which; that, only used of things; comp. 
Illom. 
DQilm l), n. laying upon; fl'. 111ll (l nQ, v. ; being shul. 
nosuomQno, D. wi ll , wish, S. SDomQ and n6 , n. 
nasa, n . = esa , sin; ev il. , 
nQsafelQ, n. sinner. 
nosafelllQ, n. sin; sinful , evil act = esafemQ. 
nQs imQ, n. knocking upon ; adding; addition ; repetition fl'. 
si nQ, V. 
nQtal Q, n. rider , si tter. 
nQtamQ, nQtramQ, n. sitting upon, riding , fro ta nQ, pI. tra 
nQ, V. 
nQl ekemQ , n. overflowing; superfluity; fl'. teke nQ, V. 
nQtimQ, n. stumbling upon fro Ii nQ, v. 
nQt6, n. putting on, lI~lllffegenu; repe tition, fro to nQ, V. 
nQl.omQ, n. smoothing 01' ironing cloth ; fro to nQ, v. 
nQ tomQ-okplo , n. smoothing-table. 
nQl.onQto, adv. repeatedly. 
nQtolQ, n. transgressor. 
nQtoll1Q, n. transgression. 
nQ tomQno, pI. .- nii, v. transgressi ve act. 
nQtsamQ, n. continuing; continuation; fr. tsa nQ , V. 
nQlsemQ, n. reducing; reduction ; fro t5e nQ , V. 
nQtslmQ, n. closing up ; fro lsi nQ , V. eoncealing; keeping 
in secret. 
nQtsomQ, n. turning upon fro ts6 nQ, V. 
nQlSiimQ , n. wiping oir, fro tsumQ nQ, V. 
nQw6 and 
nQwOIl1Q, n. uplifting , elevat.ing; elevation , exaltation Cr. 
wo nQ , V. and nQ WO, V. 
nQwolQ , n. elevator. 
nQyfi , n. going on, proceeding fro ya nQ, V. 
nQyalQ, n. progresser. 
nQyeli - nob5.. 231 
nQyeli , rio ruling, governing; government ; overcoming ; in-
heriting etc. fro ye nQ, V. 
nQyelilQ, nQyelQ, n. rul er, governor ; heir. 
nQyelibe,;. time of government. 
nQyelihe, ·n. place of government. 
nQyimQ, n. coming or strikin g upon. 
no , n. salt. 
no -odi , n. large basket resting on wooden sticks and 
thatched , in which salt is preserved. 
lio - yiteremQ, n. salt· load : a basket of salt , as they com e 
into the interior. 
no (or 1iQ) inf. no and nomQ , V. to take (ncf)men), (Ot. fa); 
used lik e k ~, as auxiliary verb, f. i. no-ha, to (take fro. 
something) and give (to some body); no-fe, to tak e and 
do, i. e. to do with ; see k~ and its combinations; to be 
agreeable (Clngene9m fet)n) , inf. liomQ. 
no m. k. na, v. to be agreeably to some rody; info na-
itomQ. 
no (ng), (noun, but not frequently used as suoh) side, 
neighbourhood; contact; (Umgebung); dwelli ng; compo he, 
hewQ and mas~i; postposition , used like he, hie , mli, 
na, ng etc., to express the relation of lo cality, as the 
prepositions : near, to , by, at etc. It is scarcely, if ever 
used as gram. subj., Dut very frequently as gram. object 
of locality; f. i. ba m. k. no, to come to S. b. ; inf. noba: ; 
be m. k. no , to be absent from ,. or not in possession of, 
some body; S. Yf! no; dse m. k. no, V. info n5dse, to 
go away from S. b. , to leave s. b. ; ds~ m. k. no , V. to 
come from S. b. (s. dse, us ed as auxil. v.); gbaJe m. k. 
no , V. to turn in to S. b. ; ho m. k. no, to pass by to 
S. b. or s. b. house; k5. no, V. to lie by, near or with ; 
rna 110, V. to stand or lie at or near (used of things); 
to build at or near S. b. house) ; Sf) no, V. to reach or 
arrive at .. . ; ii i no, v. to knock at or against; ta no, 
v. to si t with; te no, S. ya no; to no , V. to keep at 
or in ; to lodge with; !So ito, V. to turn by, in etc. tsu 
m. k. no, to sleep with S. b. ; ya m. k. no, V. perf. aor. 
and fut. tense te m. k. n5, to go to S. b. ; ye m. k. no, 
neg. be m. k. no , v. to be or live with or near S. b., 
to be in possession of s. b.; imp. tense: YQ m. k. no. 
M;; - fe ; ilO - ha and other double verbs with no as auxiliary 
Y. see explained in § 28 and compo ke, V. and its com-
binations and lio , v. 
!\Oba, n. advent; arrival at or near S. b. 
232 liodse - nsgna. 
110dse, n. removal from s. b. 
no gb(), n. a c cess (.Butritt); approach. 
'11Qli, enQli , adj. green. 
nolg , n. taker. 
nomQ, n. sweetness, agreeableness, fl' . no , v. 
nseni, n. (Ol. th. s.) balance, pair of scales. 
nsoroke , n. bnsh fit for cultivation (5. ko , n.). 
nsra, n. (01..  tho s.) camp; bQ - , v. info nsrabg , to encamp ; 
to exercise, to be drilled ; bQ m. k. nsra or ke m. k. bo 
nsra , v. a. to exercise, to drill (soldirrs); to nsra, Y. 
inf. nsralo, t.o encamp. Compo sra, v.; and asrafoyon, n. 
nsrabg , n. exercise; drilling; encampin g. 
nsrabQIQ, n. drill er ; encamper. 
nsralO , n. encamping; encampment. 
nsratolg , n. encamper. 
nsro, nsron , n. faithfuln ess; feigned faithfuln ess ; ?lugen, 
bienl1; hypocris)' ; ti n5rol1, v., inf. nsront.i (Ot.?) to art 
faithfully toward t.he master against the fellow - servants 
or labou rers ; to report fellow - servants , to feign faith-
fulness; to play th e hypocrite etc. 
nsronli·, n. failhful acting towards the master , reporting; 
dissembling ; hypocrisy. 
nsrontilQ, n. faithful servant; reporter, ?lugellbiener; hypo-
crite. 
nSQ , n. sea; sea water (comp. at. nsu = water; Ga nu, 
sweet water); wu nSQ, V. inf. nSQwumQ, to bath in th e 
sea; nSQ mo m. k., info nSQ momQ , v. to be aifectec] by 
sea-sickness; nSQ momi, I am sea-sick (see lele ma m. k. , 
the' same); nSQ fa , v., inf. nSQf1i, to be low-water-lide, 
to ebb; nSQ )'i , v.; inf. nSQyimQ , to be high-water tide ; 
nyIe nSQ!l, and nyIe nSQ hIe , v. inf. nsonnylemQ , nSQ-
hlenylemQ, 10 make a sea voyage; etc. Compo WIl, WH-
SQ; Ad. wo; Ayigbe : ,100; at. po, n. 
ilsQbe, n. season of the sea. 
nSQbii , nSQilbii, n. sea-men, sea-people. 
nSQdseil, n. sea-life. 
nSQfil. , n. ebb-tide , v. nSQ fa, v. 
nsogb!) and nSQilgbe , n. south, south-ward. 
nSQhle, n. surface of the sea. 
nSQke, nsroke, n. wave (s. ke). 
nSQkpakpo, n. sea-lake; ba,l'; cove. 
nSQ-kpQ, n. sea-island. 
nSQll =. nSQ mli . 
n8Qna, n. sea-shore. 
DSQDaman - nW. 233 
Dsgnamail, n. sea-town. 
nsgmomg, n. sea-sickness. 
ilsgnme, nr calmness of the sea. 
Dsgilkotsa, n. sponge. 
nsgnine, n. sea-arm; bay; cove. 
nsgillala, n. sea-song. 
nsgillele, n. sea-vessel. 
nsglilo, n. sea-fish. 
nsgng, n. surface of the sea = nsghie. 
nsgnnyielQ, n. passenger in a vessel. 
nSQilnyiemg, n. sea-voyage. 
nSQilnyo, pI. nSQnmei, n. seaman. 
nSQli:ya, going to sea. 
nSQnsane, nSQIino, n. matter or thing pertaining to the sea. 
nSQse, n. transmarine place or country; compo kose; mailse 
etc. Noni bako c1a Ie eye nSQse, provo What has never 
corne before is beyond the sea. 
nSQsisi,' n. ground of the sea. 
nSQsikpoil, n. sealand. 
DSQta, nsonta, n. sea-war; - tawu, n. tho S. 
nSQta, n. marine. 
nsgtabilg, n. mariner. 
nSQte, n. stone from the sea; rock in the sea. 
nsgwale, n. power of the sea. 
nsgwo, n. = nsgyimQ; <steigen bet <See; = nsoilme , n. 
calmness of the sea. 
DSQwumQ, n. sea-bath, fro wu nSQ, V. 
nSQyimQ, n. flood-tide. 
nsrQke, S. nSQke; n. wave. 
nta (Ot. ata, pI. nta, lwin) n. pair;: any thing double; tii.-
nta, double-gun; gbe-nta, double way, cross-way etc. 
nLanta, adv. by pairs. 
ntail, n. a kind of nels for carrying things in ; compo ya, n. 
ntia, n. kick; f3-, V. inf. nlia-fii, to kick, to try to kick 
in lifting the heel; si -, inf. 11tiasimQ, to kick. 
ntiMa, n. kicking; trying to kick. 
ntiafalQ, n. kicker.· 
ntiasilQ, n. lh. S. 
ntiasimQ, n. kicking. 
nto, interrog. particle, noli lat. ne , greek wit; nto mike? 
Did I not say it? = I certainly said it. Compo aso, 
ani; be, 10 elc. 
nLo, n. a kind of high and very rough grass; wild sugar-
cane? 
234 nto - nii. 
nto , n. (Ot. t~e same) toll , lax , custom, duly ; camp. onia; 
he nto, v. to take duly; yi nlo (01"10) v. to receive or 
pay du[y; camp. Isu onia, v. 
nlohelQ , n. tax-gatherer; tollkeeper. 
nlo hemQ , n. taxing. 
ntohemQhe, n. custom-place, custom-house. 
nloyilQ , n. tax-gathere.r; tax-payer. 
ntoYI , n. tax-gathering ; tax-paying. 
ntrei , n. gun-stick, rammer. 
ntfeil , n. a kind of it.eh ; dQ -, v., inL nt.fMldQ , [0 gel 
the itch . 
nt.fMdQ, n. itching. 
n[feildQIQ, n. a person having this itch . 
ntfemial se, ntfents!), n. th o s. 
nt.siil, qtsim , n. a kind of foocl prepared of boiled blood 
and pepper. 
ntsuma (Ot.) n. a kind of red clay, used for dying (rooms 
etc. but also clot.h , s. nkQbeI'l , n.). 
nu , V. inf. nft and numQ, to perc eive; to hear, 1,0 
understand; t.o feel ; to smell; to drink ; nu iune , V. 
to gather palmnuls; nu tawa, v. to smoke tobacco ; nu 
bl!), V. to smoke a pipe; nu he, v. to hear abollt; 10 
feel ; nu mli , V. to hear tbe contents, to hear of s. 
th o etc. 
nu niiail, V. to be inquisitive. 
nu, n. w at e r , esp. sweet wilter or drink-water, camp. 
nSQ; any fluid as such, if only its fluidily shall be signi-
. lied , f. i. hleilmeiil-nu, eyewater, i. e. tears; WQ-nu, 
fowl-water , i. e. grav)'; soup; he-nu , fluid of any thing ; 
mli-nu , fluid in any thing, sap; nu llma, water lit for 
drink , cooking; nu ho, colcl water; nu la, hot. water ; 
nu kulQkulQ , lukewarm water ; ye nu, V. to draw water; 
nu nu , V. to drink water; fa nu, V. to weep water, i. e. 
tears , S. yafonu; fie nu, V. clecent expr. t.o make water ; 
S. samQ; etc. PI. nui , sometimes used for different kinds 
of water, different particles of water , drops, tears etc., 
camp. dar, lai et C. 
nil, pI. hI and hlmei, camp. § 48; n. man, mal e (5. also 
nyo); the word is used to indicate the sex of men, ani-
mals and plants; camp. ),0, female and mo , gbomo; wu, 
nil; is!), nye, etc. ; binu, son; gbekenu, male child; 
okpQilQnil, male horse, stallion; abolobatsonil, male bread-
leaf-tree etc. nu rna or numo , pI. hI medsi, hlmedsi; 
n. old man; used as title of honour to high persons, 
n\l-afua - nuSiSi. 235 
as kings etc. (Comp. "Sire" in French and Engl.); fe' 
nil, v. to make a man, to behave as a man, to be a man 
("ben ~ann mad)en"). Ad. nyumu, n. Ot. obarima; n. 
nu-afua, n. flood of water. 
nuba, n. water-plant. 
nublage , n. water-tub. 
nubu , n. water-hole, tank, well; compo h'ienmei, n. 
nubudse, n. well-digging, fro dse nubu, V. to dig a well . 
nobudselQ, n. well-digger. 
nudsQ, n. water-ditch; valley. containing a brook ; aqueduct. 
nilfemo, n. manhood, ff. fe nil, v.; bravery = eka, 11. 
nufomo, n. weeping tears; hTenmeinufomQ, n. tho S. 
nuriemo, n. pouring out of water, making water; fro fie 
nu, V. 
nugbQ , n. water-pot. 
nuhase. n. water-cask. 
nilhe , n. penis (decent expression, S. yohe). 
nuhle, n. surface of water; O'1:)ljEJ. 
nuh6, nu h6, n. cold water. 
nuh6mo', n. scarcity of water .(lit. water-hunger). 
nuke, n. water-wave. 
nukpulu, n. water-jug ; pitcher. 
nukpunkpa, water-barrel. 
nukuli, n. water-drop_ 
nula or nu la (and nu k!) la) n. hot water. 
nulo, n. drinker; bearer etc. fro nu, V. .• 
numo or nu mo and nu momo, n. pI. hI medsi, old man. 
numo, n. drinking; hearing; feeling, perceiving etc. S. I1U, V. 
nun = nu mli. 
nuna, n. waters edge; shore. 
nunlo, n. water-animal. 
nunma, n. food-water (?); drink-water. 
huno, n. surface of water = nuhIe, n. 
nunu, redup!. V. of nu , V. 
nunnlo, 11. waterdrinker. 
11unumQ, n. waterdrinking. 
nus!), n. behind or beyond the water, compo nSQSQ, mailS!), 
fase, kose etc. 
nilsu and 
nilsubal'l, n. male -, manly character; S. hianiifemo, nu-
femo, n. 
nuf1imQ, n. sprinkling of water ; watering; fro fa: nu, V. 
nusiSi , n. ground, bottom of water ; muddy water at the 
bottom. 
236 nusisikpQtQ it wei. 
nusisikpQIQ, n. muddy water at the boll om. 
nute, n. water-stone; drip-stone. 
nutQ, n. water-boUle (generally a callabash-flask); water-
bladder; s. samQtQ. 
nutsamQ, n. digging for water; s. llubudse, n. 
nuts!), n. possessor of water (a well f. 4.). 
n11tso, . pI. - tSei, n. male-rod (more decent than hiimQ). 
nu\\,o, nuitwo , n. putting in water. 
nuy\;i, n. water-drawing , water-fetching. 
nuyelo , n. water-drawer; water-carrier. 
llulami (= nwei-Ia-bi = high-light-child , compo nsoroma in 
Otyi) n. star. Camp. also holarni in Ad]l .; and hu-
lami, n. 
itulamiiaheniile, n. astronomy. 
ilUlamiiaheniilelQ, n. astronomer. 
ilUiait , pI. itulaI , adj. shining , bright (perhaps connected 
with itulami; = starry). 
llWii , Y. to disregard ; ' to contemn, insult = ' nyafI, Y. comp o 
also kwa. 
' llwail , onwall, n. fool; = bulu, 
llwane, n. doubt ; difference of opinion ; uncertainty; dse -, 
Y. info itwanedse , to dispute ; to doubt; ke m. k. dse -, 
V. to dispute with S. b. (Comp. gye akyine in Ot. and 
dse no in Adli.) 
invanedse , n. doubt ; dispute ; difference of opinion ; 01. 
akyingye. 
itwanedselQ , n. doubter ; disputer ; sceptic. 
itwiiliwa , n. wonder; astonishment (Ot.) , surprise ; ye - , V. 
to be surprising, astonishing; compo fe ya, hIe fe ya; 
na kpe he ; he dsa , Y. etc. 
itwatiiitwatii , adj. and adv. speckled; nwllt~itwete , adj. 
t.h . S. 
n w ei, n. h ea v en (camp. Nyolimo; Ol. as oro Ad. hiQm, 
hYQm); height ; adv. on high; up ; above; upstairs 
etc.; contrary sisi ; sikpon; heaven and earth; ba - , V. 
to come to heaven ; be -, V. S. y0 Ji.wei; ds e nwei, 
Y. to come from above; aux. Y. used = from above; 
se ilwei, V. to reach to heaven; to reach heaven; si - , 
v. to knock at heaven , to reach to heaven ; camp. esp. 
the expression : keyasi nwei , = to heaven ; la Dwei, v. 
to sit above, - - in heayen; to touch heayen; te 
ilwei, S. ya nwei; tsu -, V. to send up; WQ nwei, v, 
to sleep upstrairs; ya Dwei , Y. perf. aor. and fut. tense: 
Ie l)wei, to go up; to go to heaven; compo esp. the 
nwei-asafo - ny1iflmQ. 237 
expr. k~-ya ilwei , ke te ilwei, kE) - ate ilwei, = (go) to 
heaven ; ye ilwei, neg. be ilwei ; aux. v. to be up , above, 
in heaven ; imp erf. yQ ilwei; etc. Camp. also DQ, yiteiJ, 
hir, n. 
iJwei-asafo , n. host of heaven. 
ilweiba , n coming to heaven ; coming up . 
iI\\ eibi, n. child of heaven. 
ilweibQ , n. c.reaLion of heaven. 
nweibQ1Q , n. creator of heaven. 
ilweibumQ = hiebumQ, n. cloudy weather fro ilwei bu, v. 
iI weidseil, n. heavenly world; heavenly life; S. dseli , v. 
ilweigbe, n. w~y to heaven. 
il\veigbe, n. voice of heaven. 
ilweiha = liweibumQ. 
ilweihIe, n. face of heaven. 
ilweila, n. heavenly light. 
inveilabi , s. ilulami , n. 
ilweimalitseyeli , n. kingdom of heaven. 
ilw eimQ, pI. - mei; n. heavenly person. 
liweiniiyeli , n. heavenly inheritance. 
ilweino , pI. - nii, n. heavenly thing. 
ilweiSihilebe, n. heavenly dwelling-place. 
inveita = liwei-asa fo , n. heavenly host. 
nweitsemQ, = dseiltsemQ, n. clear weather fro nwei tse, 
v. = dsp,iI t5e, V. 
ilwei}'a, n. going to heaven ; ascension. 
ilweiyeJi, n. heavenly inheritance. 
ilweiyiil , n. heavenly mind. 
ilwW'ilwN1' = llwiitailwata, adj. speckled. 
Words not found under ny- may be sought for under 
ni - and nyi - . 
ny~ , V. inf. nyiimQ, pronounced with elevation of voice, 
to exult , to rejoice (over S. b. or S. th .), to triumph; 
nya! rejOice ! 
nya, info ny a, v. obscene word: cacare. See Wil, wa nane, 
ya kana, tsonQ , tso he, ya dfeiail , - nii ase etc. Camp. 
nyia, v. 
nya, nyanya, adv. (Ot. tho s.) slowly. 
nyafI or nyafe, iof. nyafimQ, V. to disregard, despise, con-
temn ; to use spitefully; camp. ilwa; ila yi , fa yi ; Ii, 
gbe heguQ, S. etc. 
nyillilQ, n. spiteful, disregarding person. 
nyafimQ, n. disregard ; spite, despite. 
238 nyalQ - nyanyont salQ. 
nyillQ , n. exulter ; triumpher fro nya, V. 
n)'amQ , n. exultat.ion ; rejoicing ; triumph fr. nya, 1'. 
nyilmQ, V. inf. tho s. to lick ; to bat.he , to fom ent ; Lo bathr 
a wound , boil or sore , generally wit.h hot water; -lIa, 
[0 bathe a sore etc. ; to cast. a bad look on s. b. = kpe 
m. k. ; nyemQ, tho S. 
nya mQ , n. bat.hing , fomentation ; ev il eye. 
nyailri, info nyaMimQ, V. (= nyane, whieh see); to disfigure; 
- hIe , to disfigure the fa ce; to make an ugly fac e; to 
express disgust ; - na, V. '0 disfigure the mouth etc. 
nyananyana , adv. swarmingly, of the movement. of worms, 
vermin etc.; ny1e - , v. t.e swarm or walk swarmingly; 
roughly . sakasaka, bisibasa etc. 
nyanamQ, n. disfiguring ; expression of disgust. 
nyane, info nyallemQ (sometimes nyage, -mQ nyallke, n)'anke-
I11Q) , V. to be disgust ing , ugly; to disgust, abhor; to ex-
press disgust ; to make ugly; he nyane m. k. , V. to be 
disgusting, Lo disgust or abhor one's self; mihe nyanemi, 
I disgust myself; nyane he, inf. henyanemQ, th os .; nyane 
hIe, V. to disgust one's fa ce. 
nyiltlelQ , n. a person disgusting or abhorring S. tho 
nyatlemQ , n. disgust, abhorrence ; dirtin ess; fe or Yfl nyan e· 
mo , V. to be dir ty, disgusting. 
nyankesfl, n. a plant with rough leaves used for cleansiog 
thiogs. 
Nyallkoa (Ot. = God's slave, God's servant fro Nyome .and 
akoa), n. pro of persons. 
nyankuntoli , n. a kind of trees (rainbow-tree, fro nyankoil· 
tOIl, Ot. rain-bow); nyonmosatso, th o S. 
nyanyanya, adj. and adv. sour; acid; fe - , ye - , v. to 
be sour. 
nyiiJemQ , and 
nyiinyafemQ, n. slowliness. 
nyilnyilnyafemQ , n. sourness; acidity. 
nyanyata, n. a plant used as medir.ine and charm. 
nyaoy6n , pI. nyanyodsi , n. tooth ; kpe nyanyodsi aSiSi, V. 
fo gnash the teeth; sa nyanyodsi anQ , V. to cleanse the 
teeth ; compo tebi, tel 0, n. 
nyanyodsianQsamQ . n. tooth cleansing ; S. t.a, n. 
nyany6dsianQsamgkotsa, n. sponge or bark for cleansing the 
teeth; S. takotsa, n. 
nyany6 dsiasisikpemg , n. gnashing of teeth. 
nyany6ilkakao, n. tooth-ache. 
nyiiny6iltsalg, n. dentist. 
nyonyonfa - nyebi. 239 
nyonyolif§, nyanyoilfamQ , nyanyodsifamQ, n. taking out of 
a tooth. 
nye, n. and adv. yes terday. 
nye se or nyese, n. day before yesterday. 
nye, pI. nyemei (Ot. nii) , n. mother; generally u~ed of 
every married woman in speaking to her; camp. tse, nl , 
na, bi et.c. also biianye, bienye; awo, n. W6nye, .hiiwQ 
nu w6nu! ~Jil1ttercJ)en! @ib unl3 ctro(\~ smaffer ~l1 m 5rnnfcl1! 
Il)'e, pron. you, ye; your; the same if standing indepen-
denlly or in the subjective, objective or ,possessive rela-
tion; camp. § 21 and 34. Ad. tho s. , Ot. mu. 
nyedientsemei, yourselves. 
nyefe, all of you. 
nye.he, yourselves (relative). 
nyehCI , you also. 
nyeno (s. no, n.), yours. 
nyenon, even -,You. 
nyekek!l, only you. 
ny13, inf. nyemQ, V. to be able; to can; to hold, to con-
tain. The construction of this verb is somewhat diffi-
cult, as it cannot, like "Ie" be construed with the infini-
tive of the verb expressing the ar.tion, one is able to do, 
but this verb must either stand in the same tense as 
"ny13" or in another tense; the object of this action 
may stand betwixt both or follow them, camp. the fol-
lowing instances: Mlny13 mlfe or manY13 mafe, I am able 
to do or make; manye nakai mafe, or mlny13 mlfe nakai 
or manye ake mafe nakai, manye ake mifeQ nakai, I am 
able to do thus; minyen nii ne matsu, I cannot do this 
work; minyee en~ maye, I cannot eat t.his (camp. milee. 
ene yeli, th. s.). 
Dye, s. nyIe, V. to walk. 
nyi;). nye, inf. nyli, V. to hate; sometimes nye he , tho s. 
(camp. henyelQ = nyelQ, n. enemy). 
nyii, n. hatred; enmity. 
n.yebebe, adv. already yesterday; s. bebe, adv. 
nyebi, pI. - bii , D. motherchild (camp. tsebi and bi) , fuJI 
brother or sister (@efd)UJi~er). To be born of one mo-
ther is considered a more intimate affinity, than of one 
father; wherefor~ nyebi and tsebi , mother's child and 
father's child, are sometimes put into contrast. Camp. 
"nyemi", and the very similar relations and views in 
the old Teslament and among nations, where polygamy 
exisls, in general. 
240 nyebii - n)'eimyeillfibQlg. 
nyebii, pI. n. people of ) 'esterdaj'; camp . i1menebii, n. 
nyede , n. hand, power of the moth er. 
nyedsgmg , n. moth ers blessing. 
nyegbe , n. mothers voice ; s. gbe , n. ; mother-murder, s. 
gbe, v. 
nyehedg, n . mothers love. 
nyelala, n. mot.hers song. 
nyeliJ, n. mothers blood . 
nyelg , n. able, powerful person , fro nye, v. ; camp. he-
walg, 11. 
ny~lg, n. hat.er ; enemy. 
nyelomg, n. mo thers curs e. 
nyemali , n. mother-town ; mothers town , home. 
nyemei, pI. of n)'e, mother. 
nyemeiamQdelibg. n. mOlh erly zeal , diligence, care. 
nyemi (from n'yebi, which see), pI. nyemim ei, n. Ad. thoS . 
and mami; Ot. nua ; brother or sister , @efdjroifier. 
Whilst nyebi I"xc ll1des any other re lation, nyemi includes 
relationship in general and is used for relations of the 
same age very ex tensively (camp. Ise, nye, bi etc.); as 
in Hebrew. Nyemi as nanyo is frequ ently used to indi-
ca te general brotherhood or fellowship. 
nyemibi, n. !Bruber~finb, <5d)roeflerfinb; ~rffc, ~ idjte; ne-
phew, niece. 
nyemih edQ , n. brotherly love ; p!laOElp!a, !Bruberliebe. 
nyemihesan e, n. brothers palaver" concern. 
nyemimeiabQ , n. brotherhood. 
nyemimeiabi, n. @efdjroiflerfinb, nephew or nirce . 
nyeminu. pI. nyemimeiht, n. brother. 
n)'eminukpa, n. elder brother or sister. 
nyemiyo, pI. nyemimeiyei , n. sister. 
nyemiyomg , n. brotherly acknowledgement. 
nyemg , inf. nyemg, V. to grope; s. nylemg, V. and its 
compounds. 
nyemg , n. ability, power , possibility; camp. hewal~; he-
gb~, n. 
ny emg , v. = nyamg, v. to bath, foment. 
nyene, info - mg, V. to twist (f. i. a rope) . 
nyeim.Yeiltfi, n. bad, profligate life ; bg - , V. to lead a 
profligate life; adj. profligate. 
nyeilnyelitfibi or bi nyeimyeiltfi, n. prodigal son. 
nyeilnyeiltfibQ, n. profligacy; debauchery; camp. ahofibQ, n. 
sitfiamg , n. 
nyeilnyeiltfibglg, n. profligate person ; debaucher. 
nyera and nyeram - nyo mli. 241 
nyera and nyeram, v. info nyeramg, (0 dazzle ; to be bright. 
nyeram, nyeramnyeram , adj. and adv. dazzling, bright; 
brightly. 
nyeramg, n. dazzling ; brightness. 
nyia, V. info nyia , obscene (corroboration of nya, v.); to 
have diarrhoea; compo musun tso, v. 
nyie, info nyiemg, v. to walk (= nante); - - gbe, inf. 
gb~nylemg, V. to travel; - nsg hie, inf. nsghTenylemg, V. 
to travel by sea; nyle hesiba mli, V. to walk in humility ; 
nyie ke-ya, V. to walk to S. place; nYle ke-b~, V. tho S. 
etc. etc.; n)'le nane ng. inf. ,nanengnyiemg, v. to go on 
foot. 
nyie dsale na, v. to walk straight, right~ousl y; info dsal\:· 
nanyiemg. 
nyle he, - hewQ, V. to walk about ; info henyJemQ. 
nyie hamQ, V. to walk before, in advanc.e ; info hamQnyiemQ. 
nyie hie, V. to walk before; info hienyiemQ. 
nyie mli, v. to walk in S. tho 
nyie na, V. to walk along, according to etc. 
nyle nQ, V. to walk upon, over etc. 
nyie Sl), V. to walk after, to follow; to persecute; inf. s!)-
nyiemQ. 
nyie sese, V. to go or · walk bi\ckward; inf. ses~nyiemQ . 
nyie si, V. (0 walk on the ground (= nyle sikpon); to 
walk on the belly; - on hands and feet; to grovel. 
nyie m. k. siSi, V. info sisinylemQ, to speak (ill) of S. b. 
behind his back; to think or act bad against S. b. ; to 
seek one's harm, fall; ye m. k. SiSi, v. tb. S. 
nyielQ, n. walker; traveller. 
nyiemQ, V. to grope, to feel witb tbe hands; S. nyemQ , V. 
tho S. 
nJiemQ he, V. to grope, to feel about. 
nyIemQ mJl, V. to grope, to feel inside. 
nyiemQ iii, V. to lie with hands and knees on the ground, 
to feel the ground , inf. sinyiemQ. 
nyiemQ sisi, V. to grope or feel the ground; the bottom etc. 
nyiemg, n. walking ; travelling. 
nyiemgkotoku, n. travelling bag. 
nyiemgtso, pI. - tsei, n. walking-stick; = dehiemgtSo, n. 
nyo, inf. nyo, ny6mg, V. to sink, to fall; to fall in battle, 
· to be slain; compo gbe, gbe si, v.; komg !ii, V. 
nyo hIe, V. to fall on the face. 
nyo h1egbe, V. to fall forward. 
nyi) mli, V. to fall into, in. 
Zimmermann, Akra-Vocab. 16 
242 nyo nQ nyoil. 
nya nQ , v. to fall upon. 
nyo s!) or s~gb~, v. to fall back. 
nya si, v. to sink or fall down; to go down, to set (also 
used of t.he sun). 
nya sisi, v. to fall under s. tho 
nyo, n.yoil (pl. n)'on)'oil?), n. night ; adv. at nightlime; the 
contrary of lane, n. 
n)'odsiahoIQ (not used) , n. slave-dealer, S. nyoil. 
nyodsiat.se , n. debtor ; a person full of~; S. n)'omg 
and nyomQts~; possessor of slaves, ••s . nyoli, n. 
nyo, n:- faTIing , sin ing, going down, sell ing ; fall. 
nyomQ, u. tho s. but seldom used; S. sifiemQ (fall of many). 
nyolllQ, pI. uyodsi, n. (lit. falling , fall, S. nyo , v.) debt; 
duly,; wages; dse nyomQ, V. to deduct. a debt ; 10 take 
a pledge; hIe -, v. info nyomQhiemQ, to owe, to be in 
debt.; mThlele nyomQ darei aba, lowe him hundred dol-
lars ; bQ -, inf. nyomQbQ, v. and 1110 nyomg, v. inr. 
nyomQm6mQ, to get indebted, into debts ; ye - , info 
nyomQyeli, tho s.; wo nyomQ , inf. nyomQwo , to pay a 
debt; to pay the wages; to pay; to repay; to punish; 
ktl he dse m. k. nyomQ, V. to keep aloof from S. b. , etc. 
nyamQbimg , n. asking in de.bts. 
nyomQc! se, n. taking of a pledge (by force.); S. awoba, n. 
nyomQildslemQ, n. deduction of a debt. 
11)'omQhlemQ, n. owing ; indebtedness . 
nyomQhlelQ, = nyomQtse, n. debtor. 
nyomQma, and 
nyomQmomQ, n. getting into debts. 
nyomQls!), pi; - tseme-i, n. debtor; S. n),adsiatse. 
l1yo~Qwo, n. paying; paYIl1ent; wages; repayment; punish-
ment. 
nyomQwobe, n. time of pa),ing. 
nyomQwodsiemQ, n. deduction from payment. 
nyomQwolQ, n. payer. 
nyoil = lIyo, II. night; = uyo mJi, ill the night, at night-
time. 
lIy6il, pI. nyodsi (fr, the verb nyo; camp. also nyamg; the 
word seems 10 stand instead of nyolQ , debtor, compo 
wQIi, n.), U . slave. It is however seldom used, slaves 
being either called tSiidsi, servants, or bii, children; Ot. 
akoa, n. 
nyoIi , pI. nyodsi , n. moon; f. i. nyoil edse, V. the moon 
shines; compo nyoillsere, month; nyOl'\ dse, the month 
begins; - gbo, the month dies, is - finished. 
nY0li.dse - nyonmofamo. 243 
·J1.)'ondse, n.. moonshine; s. nyoil dse; beginning of a month. 
nyondsenii, pI. monthly wag~s, - allowance; compo nyon-
niiyenii, pI. n. Ad. hulamidsenii, tho s. 
nyongbeJe, 11 . end of a month, S. ny6n gbo, v. 
nyonkpemg, n. = nyontserekpfm9 , n. moon-light, 9Jlollb~ 
[d)ein. 
nyonma, pI. nyonmai, num. ten; nyorima ke ekome, eleven; 
- ke enyo, twelve; - ke ete, thirteen etc. nyonmai 
enyo, twenty; - ete, thirty etc. s. § 35. 
nyonlo, adv. at once; maro mihIe mare -, I will try and 
do it at once. 
Ny 0 n m 0 (withol1t plural-form), pro n. God (Ot. Nymne 
and Nyarik6pon; Adll. and Ayigbe: Mawu). As God is 
considered the spirit or soul of heaven , _ or heaven the 
face (s. Nyonmo hIe) or outward appearance of God, 
Nyonmo is also used for he a v en, f. i. Nyonmo ke si-
kpon, heaven and earth, the latter also being considered 
a personal being or deity; compo nwei, n.; and as rain-
ing, lightening, thundering are considered direct (acts 
of God and therefore not expressed by imp e r son a I 
verbs), Nyorimo s.eems to be used for "rain", though 
his personality is never lost sight of, compo N. ne, God 
rains, it rains; N. tue, God begins to rain; N. fii, V. 
G. drizzles; N. ba, G. (or rain) comes ; N. si, G. knocks, 
i. e. it is thundering etc. "Ani Nyorimg aba? Milee, 
ledsi onukpa, efeg bgfebg nl esumog, lit. Will Gad 
(rain?) come? I don't know; he is the highest, he does 
whatever he likes." Instead of Nyonmo sometimes Na-
n)'onmo, sometimes Mawu and sometimes Nyonmo Mawu 
is used; here and there also TSe Nyonmo, father God 
and Ata Nyonmo, tho S., and even simple wgtse, wgfe 
wgtse, our father , the father of us all ('lfU\J\lIer) etc. 
Man), animals, plants and other things have names which 
are combinations of th~ name of God, in Ga as well as 
in the related languages (comp. in Germ. ".perrgottG> 
tlogelein", ,,@otteMuf)cl)m", etc.). 
Nyonmo-abolo, O. the Lords supper; = nyolltsQoiiyenii. 
Nyonmo-ba, n. coming of rain. 
Nyorimo -bi, 11. son, child of God. 
llyonmobiete (th. S. as the foil.), 11. carrion kite (12!I1Ggeier); 
S. opete, n. akailma, 11. akpana, n. tho S. 
nyoitmobitete, n. tho S. 
o)'oitmQbitete, ll. (lit. "God's first born child") swallow. 
oyo!'uoofiimo, n. drizzling; s. N. fii , V. 
16* 
244 nyolimohie - nyont8erekpemo. 
nyonmohie, n.lit. God's face; visible heaven, s. nwei hIe, v. 
N)' onmo-kita, n. oath by God. 
n)'onmon emo , n. raining ; rain. 
nyonmolikrakro, n. scorpion . 
. Nyonmo-kpamQ , n. ceasing of rain , fr. N. kpa, v. to cease 
raining. 
Nyonmo-kp emo, n. lightening. 
n)'olimoman, n. city, people or land of God ; kingdom of God. 
n)'onmont(l , n. (lit. God 's slone) hail. 
Nyonmo-namo , n. swearing by God; s. na, v. 
nyonmonn, n. rain-water (s. Nyonmo) ; s. liana, n. 
nyonmosat so , pI. - tsei , n. (iit. God's bedstead) a tree of 
peculiar form, s. nyankllntoli , n. 
nyolimosimQ , n. thunderin g, fr. N. si, v. 
NyoiJmo-srawa, n. lightening , ~li~ . 
nyolimotsina (lit. Gods cow) , n. giant beetle. 
nyonmotl1emo , n. beginning of rain , s. N. tue; v. 
Nyonmo-s1a, n. house of God, s. 81a, n. 
Nyonmo-tsu , n. house of God, temple, ftcto<;, chapel ; s . 
Isu, n. 
Nyonmo we, n. house of God, temple, including yards etc., 
EE(!OV. 
Nyonmo-wiemo, n. word of God. 
Nyonmo-yeli, n. being of God; rule of God .. 
nyonnii, and 
nyonnii, pI. n. night-things , i. e. bribe, because given at 
night-lime; things pertaining to night. 
nyonniit.sumo , n. night-work. 
nyor'lOiiyenii , pI. n. monthly food , i. e. provision for'slaves, 
bond-people and servants etc.; s. nyoildsenii, pI. n. 
n)'oilno, pI. - nii , n. s. tho pertaining to moon , month , or 
to slaves. 
nyoiJml, pI. nyodsi hi, n. male slave. 
n)'6iln)'e, n. -nyemei , mother of a slave; mistress (of a 
slave), S. nyoI1t se, nyodsiatSe, nyontso, n. 
nyoilnyiemo , n. night-travelling. 
nyoflOyielo ; n. person travelling at nighttime; nightwalker. 
nyoiltsere, n. moon, compo nyoil and dsetseremo and tse, 
ger!) , v.; nyoiltsere dse, V. = nyon dse, to be moon-
light; - ye emu, V. to be fullmoon. 
nyoiltseredse, n. moonlight. 
nyoillsftrekpemo, n. tho s., moonshine ; S. nyonkpemQ, n. 
and kpe, v. 
nyoiltsl) ~ nytlmu. 245 
nyoilts!), n. father, possessor of a slave, master; s. ny6-
dsiatse, n. and 
nyontsQ, nuntSQ, nyoJi.tsQ, nontsQ (perh. = ny6iltse, slave-
father, slave-possessor, compo ny6dsiatse), n. master, lord 
(sometimes also like mistress, lady); compo the Otyi 
words: owura, awura, also used in Gil; ye nyootsQ, inf. 
nyontsQyeli, to be master, to master; to lord over; to 
rule (1I1;en[dJm"); ~ fio, little master , young master. 
Ad. tho S. and mawetse, awets!), weIse, n. 
NyontSQ-ba, n. the coming of the Lord. 
nyonlsQbi, n. masters child; yonogmaster, -mistress. 
nyontSQgbl, n. the Lords day. 
nyontSQmatl, n. Lords-town, ~ people. 
nyootsQmoJi., n. masters house, ~ palace. 
nyontsoniiyenii, pI. n. the Lords supper; = Nyoilmo abolo, n. 
nyontsQn6, pI. -nii, n. thing, possession, property of the 
master. ' 
nyontsQniitsumQ, n. masters business, ~ work. 
nyontsQna, n. masters wife, mistress; s. awura, n. 
nyontsQsane, n. masters palaver. 
nyontsQse, n. (behind) the back of the master. 
nyontsQsuomQ, n. masters service. 
nyonLSQtsu, n. masters room. 
nyontsQwe, n. ma~ter's house. 
nyontsQweku, n. master's family. 
nyontsQwiemQ, n. masters word. 
nyonlsQw6, n. giving of the mastership; compo wo nyonlso, v. 
nyontsQyeli, n. ruling, mastership; government; . lording 
(lI.pmfdJaft lf). 
nyontsQyelibe, n. time of government etc. 
nyontsQyelihe, n. governmentsplace; ~ seat; S. lumoyeli, 
mantseyeli etc. 
nyontsQyelisane, n. palaver about mastership, government, 
power over S. tho or S. b. 
nyiiiltsu, n. slave's room or house. 
nyoilweku, n. slaves-family. 
nyonyeli, n. slavery. 
nyonyelibe, n. time of slavery. 
nyoilyelibe, n. place of slavery. 
ny6liyo, pI. nyonyei, ny6dsiyei, n. female slave. 
nyu~, S. nyo -. 
nyumn, Ad. n. = nu, man. 
nyu, n. Adn. water = nu in Ga. 
nyumu, Ad. n. = nubu, well. 
246 o - oblail. 
O. 
The initial letter ,,0" is in Otyi and partly also in 
Ga used as initial augment to indicate personality, as 
"a" impersonal individuality and "n 11 m" collectivity; 
if a possess. pronominal augment precedes the nouus, 
,,0" is generally ommitted, as also in some other cases, 
wherefore words not to be found uncleI' ,,0", may be 
sought for uncler the next following consonant. See 
§ 13. 14. 
O ! interj. oh! o! ah! alas! Added 10 some names, as 
Kwatei o! = he! · comp. ee l 
0-, pronominal possessive and- subj ective initial augment 
of the second pers. sing., thou ; thin e; comp o bo and 
Ot. wo, wu, Ad11. and Ayigbe 0; Ad. mo. 
- 0 , pronominal objective (termination al) augment of the sec. 
PI's. sing., thee; Ad. tho s. and mo. 
'g- = wg, pron. we; our. 
- g = - wg, pron. us; Ad. tho S. 
- g, Ad. definit. art.icle = Ie in Ga. 
- 0, is added = dsi , diiio for the ronj. "heth er ; 0 - 0, 
whet.er-or ; Ot. th e s. f. i. eebao ebano, milee, whether 
he will come or not, I don't know. 
- 0, deminut.ive termination, f. i. pemp eo, pI. - pebii, etc. 
ob ent a, n. a kind of musical instrument consisting of a 
stringed bow which is stricken in play ing. 
obisi, U. rat (of a very large size). 
obisibu, - flg, n. rats-hole. 
obisilo, n. rats-flesh (eaten by some people here). 
obla, 'bla, n. yout.h, )'o uthfuln ess, youthful str ength, beauty, 
wantonness, etc. (s. oblahlaIi, oblayeiao, oblanyo, oblayo 
and th e verbs bla in Gil and bra in Ot'yi); obla m. k. 
lilli, V. to be full of pleasure and joy of youth ; to be 
wan Ion. 
oblaro, n. (01..) executioner; assistant of fetish-priests, who 
has to kill the animals for sacrifices etc. 
obIa i, n. rheumatism, rheumatic swelling. 
oblahlan , n. youth, age of youth, s. oblayeian; gbekebii-
asi etc. 
oblaiSa, n. dislocation or distortion of a limb. 
oblahlanii, pI. n. you thful things, behaviour etc. 
oblahlaniifemg , n. youthful behaviour, - dOing, - act. 
oblao , pI. oblal , n. strong, stout or large person ; giant ; 
dse - and gba - , V. to be &trong etc. 
" ~~~ 
oblarulSe - odase. 241 
oblaiJdse I 
oblaiJgbamQ I n. strength, stoutness. 
obI an yo, pI. oblabi, n. youth, lad, young man . 
oblanyodseiJ, n. character of a young man. -
oblanyofemQ, n. youthfulness, behaviour of a young man. 
oblal1simQ , n. behaviour of .l'0uth ; s. obla and obla ii i m. II. 
mli, v. 
oblayo, pI. obl ~yei, n. virgin, maid, grown up girl; young 
woman. 
oblayo dseil , n. character of a maid, girl; s. dse and dseli , v. 
oblayeiaiJ, n. virginhood, maidenhood, youthful age of wo-
men, compo oblah'IaiJ, n. 
oblayeiano. pI. - nii, n. some thing pertaining to girls. 
oblayeianiifemQ, n. maidenhke behaviour. 
obleku, n. a bi rd with a voice like a cuc.koo. 
oblemp5iJ, n. a kind of officer of state; a ri ch, noble per-
son, s. ablade, n. 
oblQtu, n. cloudy heaven, cloudy weat.hflr ; - 11'0, V. it is 
cloudy; heaven is covered. 
oblQtuwo, n. cloudiness. 
obo, oMM, obobOb5, the reduplication used as plur. form, 
adj . and adv. full ; compo yi , V. tQ , mamii ma, emu, adj . 
and adv.; n. fuln ess; WQ - , v. to fill ; inf. 
obowo, n. filling, fuln ess = ylmQ, n. 
obQfo, 'bQfo, n. (Ot. ) messenger; angel; apostle; Ad. tSQlg, 
n. tho S. Compo also somafo, n. in Otyi. 
obQhima, n. a kind of sickness, producing green spots in 
the fl esh; verdigriS. 
oMnu, n. the large war drum and th e instrtlments belong-
ing to it; S. mlle, dso, kete, obent{l, ble, smiku etc. 
obonuyi, n. drumming with the war drum. 
obubu afo, n. broken, crippled person (Ot. tho S. fro bubu, v. 
to break). 
obudaiJ, adj. foolish ; S. bulu, kwasia, kolo etc . 
obutu, n. load; f. i. able - , a load of corn . 
oda (s. Ot. da, V. to li e), n. a large reddish lizard dwel-
ling on and in the walls of seatowns; S. t.sun ye and 
odliJmQIQ, n. 
odakreo, n. a kind of lizards. 
Odale, prop. noun of females. 
odanta (Ayigbe--\vord), n. under"dress of women, = boi, n. ; 
also used of that of men = tekl!l, n. 
odase (Ot. adanse), n. witness, testimoily; ye -, V. to 
witness; info odaseyeli. . 
odase kodon - ofoiblQ. 
6dase kodoIi., n. false (crooked) witness; = odasefol1, n. 
odasefo, -fonyo, pI. - foi, n. witness. 
odasefobimQ, 11. questioning of a witness. 
odaseyeli, n. witness, witnessing; testimony. 
odaseyelikita, n. witness-oat.h. 
odaseyelilQ , odaseyelQ = odasefo , but seldom used , n. 
witness. 
odehe (Ot.. dehye) , n. free, ' noble person ; compo heyelilQ 
and )'e he, V. 
odehebi, n. a child of a free or nobleman, fre.e by birth. 
odYilmQlQ , n. a kind of lizards living in human habitations, 
but considered poisonous; compo oda, tSunye, mankpail , 
mampam et.c. -
odol, n. a kind of sea-fish, dolphin (?); S. all, n. 
odono, n. smallest kind of drums; yi - , V. to drum. 
odonti, n. cot.t.on; wick; also = wiki, n. 
odont.ikpa, n. cotton-thread. 
odontilo , n. cotton-weaving. 
odontilolQ , n. cotton-weaver. 
odontimama, n. cotton-cloth; s. kente, n. 
odontitselQ, n. cotton-spinner. 
odontitsemQ, n. cotton-spinning. 
odont.itso, pI. - tsei, n. cotton-tree; - shrub, - plant. 
odlie! (for men) odse ko! (for women) morning salutation ; 
answ. Ya edsa! etc. 
odsogba, odsegba; odsogban, 'dsogba, adv. well, good. 
odilo , n. men-stealing; kidnapping. Ot. tho s.; tfa v. 
to kidnap. 
odsot.fa, n. kidnapping. 
odsotfalQ, n. kidnapper. 
ofe, n. and adj. (fr. fe, to be more); high, powerful, mighty, 
almighty (person); S. agb6; hewalQ etc. Nyonmo ofe, 
God almighty. 
of(l, n. a fruit similar to coffee. 
of(ltso, pI. - tsei, n. tree bearing it. 
oflQ, n. a season of the year after the harmatan and before 
the first rainy season, s. otsokrikri. 
oflote , of rote (Ot. tho s.), n. a large antelope of the size 
of a hart. 
of6, n. black monkey (Ot. tho s.). 
ofB, n. forage; spoil, plunder; ye -, V. info ofoyeli, to 
forage; to plunder (provisions); compo no nom, ha, V. 
ofQi, n. horsefly; !Bremje. 
ofoiblQ , n. 8Iiegenl1.lcbel; a small broom to drive away flies. 
ofoyeli - okplohetamo. 249 
ofoyeli, n. foragin,g . 
ofoyelilQ, - yelQ, n. forager. 
ofie! Salutation in the evening; answ. Ya: edsa ! or Ya: 
ena! etc. 
0gb6, ~r. n. of children born after a brother or sister de-
ceased (lit. "thou diedst") ; s. gbobalQ , Owu etc. 
ogbolele, n. shark; .pllijifd). 
Ogidigidi, n. epithet of God: Confuser, thunderer (used 
during thunder-storms); s. gidigidi, adj. 
,oha, pI. ohai, 'ha, 'hai, num. (n .) hundred; ohai enyo, two 
hundred; ohai ete, ohai edre etc. Compo § 35 ~nd huha, 
num. Ad. and Ay. lafa. 
ohaha (= oha oha) , num. by hundreds. 
ohe , n. kind of gum; copal. 
ohehelQ , n. copal-buyer. 
ohehemQ , n. copal-buying. 
ohedsrayeJi, n. copal-trade. 
oh eterelQ, n. copal-carrier. 
ohetso, pI. - tsei, n. tree producing it. 
ohla, 'hia, Ot. tho s., rr. poverty; fr. hia, v.; ohia ehiale, 
he is pressed by poverty. 
oh'iafo, Ot. tho s., n. poor man, poor person ; used as ap-
position = adj. poor. "Ohiafo be nanyo," the poor has 
no friend , prY. 
aho, ohaha , adv. no (comp. "h1l~" tho s. in the suab'ian 
dialect of German). 
ohyeo (01.), n. hot bread. SICU\.~ c c"o 
okadi, 'kadi (fr . kadi, v. to sign) , n. sign; m~~k . 
okadinma, n. making signs, marking. 
okeyo, n. "hide and seek" play of children. 
okes, okesi, n. roll· tobacco, as imported by the Portuguese. 
Okes, Okesi, n. Portugal ; - ablotsiri, n. thoS . ; - nyo, pI. bii, 
Portuguese. 
okQle, n. a large bird of the eagle kind. 
okplem (Ot.. 'premo), n. cannon; tfa - , V. to fire a cannon. 
okplemle, n. cannonball. 
okplemtunte, n. lh. S. 
okplemtfa, n. firing of cannon. 
okp1emtfalQ, n. gunner. 
okplo, n. (Ot. opron) table; feast; nme or nmo - , V. to 
spread the table, to make a feast ; sa okplO, v. to pre-
pare the table ; ta - he, v. to sit at table. 
okplohetamQ, - tramQ, n. sitting at table. 
250 okploilll1(l - ouMu. 
okplOilln ~, - illnQ , n. table-spreading; making of a feast ; 
hospitality. 
okplosamQ , 11. preparation of t.he tabl e. 
okpo, n. club ; s. kpot.i , n. t.h. s. in tsok poti , n. 
okpo , n. dove; pigeon ; s. kOllkpo, kose-okpo, wiriokpo etc. 
okposansa , n. a kind of seafish. 
okpotsu , n. dove's cot. 
okropoll , oklopoil , pI. okropoi , 'krop ., n. (Ol. tho s.) a kind 
of eagles. 
okukuba , n. a bush-animal. 
okula , n. widow-hood , compo abla ; Ot.. okuua; fe - , Y. 
t.o be widowed. 
okulafemQ , n. widowhood. 
okulafo , n. widower; widow. 
okulafonu , n. widower. 
okulafosane, n. palaver of a' widow. 
okulafoyo and yo okulafo , n. widow. 
ol \lw unQ , n. sand-bank. 
olenlQnmo , n. dry, waste, barren place. 
olowQ , n. leopard; c.omp. kots!) , hienmalQ , mlantfi etc. 
tho s. 
oman)'e (Ot.?) , n. peace , happin ess, joy, grace , loving-
kindn ess, kindness etc.; public acts of this kind; festi-
vals , weddings, etc. The word is especially used by 
religious people and religious things. Compo hedsQle in 
Gil and rna, V. and ye, v. in Otyi. Omanye aba or Tfa 
omanye aba! (s. tfa, y.) Let peace come! Answer: 
Omanye ba! peace come! Salutation used esp. by fetish-
priests and priestesses, public speckers etc. 
omo, n. rice. 
omokao , n. rice-cakes. 
omowonu, n. rice-soup. 
omohGmQ and 
omodlimQ, n. cultivation of rice. 
omOillno, n. rice plant.ation. 
omunkun or 
6mlukun, omluga , n. cloudiness = oblotu; dsen esi omun-
kUI1, it is cloudy. 
ouia , or on),ia, n. tribute. toll , tax; compo nto; tsu onla, V. 
to exact, gather, or pay tribute, info onlalsumQ. 
oniatsn, n. custom-house. 
oniatsulQ, n. t.ax-gatherer; - payer. 
oniatsumQ, n. tax-gathering; tax-paying. 
onUfu , n. serpent, snake; S. sikpa, and sino, t.h. S. 
onufubg - osai. 251' 
onufubg, onufu-ebg, n. poison of a snake. 
onufuki) , n. bite of a snake. 
onukpa, 'nukpa (perh. = nil kpakpa, good man , camp. Ot. 
opanyin, opanyini) n. old man, elder; ald erman ; grandee 
of a town, land or nat.ion ; principal; ruler; magistrate; 
first of a company eJc. adj . old, elder, eldest; minyemi 
nukpa, my elder or eldest brother; ye onukpa , v. 10 be 
old , elder, eldest ; ye m. k. onukpa, v. to be elder than 
s. b.; fe onukpa, v. to be old etc. Camp. gbeke, oblanyo 
etc. and nu mo , yo mo; da , v. and dal ~ n. _ 
onukpadsen, n. life, charakter, behaviour of old people, 
s. dse , Il. 
onllkpafemg, n. old age = dal e; gbQl e. 
onllkpagbe, n. voice, word of an old man, superior. 
onukpaniitsumg, n. work , labour of a grown up person ; 
s. gbekebiianiilsumg, n. 
onukpaiasane and 
onukp asane, Il. matter , palaver of old men , of the gran-
dees , of grown up person; ye - , v. to aet or do like 
olll people. Camp. gbekebiiasane , n. 
onukpasaneyeli, n. acting or speaking like old people. 
onuk payeli, n. sla'te 'or business of grown up or old people, 
grandees, principals , magistrates etc. or of being elder 
than s. b.; age. 
opasa and apasa (fr. pasa , v. to lie) , n. (Of.) hypocrisy; 
lie ; falsehood; ye or bg opasa, v. 10 act as a hypo -
crite; to lie; to be false . Compo amale; osato; kijtoni-
pg; n. kodon , adj . etc. 
opasabg and opasayeli, n. falsehood ; hypocrisy. 
opasabglg and 
opasayelg and 
opasato (Ot.) n. hypocrite, liar , false person. 
opehenadi (Ot. " thou likest to be king"), n. mO\'llingslar = 
10to, n. h, \,.,.0 
opehenadianii, pI. n. ambition; fe -, v. 10 be ambitious. 
opehenadianiifelg, n. ambitious person. 
opehenadianiifemg, n. ambitiousness. 
op ense, n. a kind of small white -porcupines; compo sade-
boa and kgtgkg, n. 
opete, n. papaw-fruil , if spoilt on the tree ; S. akpakpa, n. ; 
c"rrion kite , s. akaiulla , n. tho S. 
osai (fr. sa, v.), n. castrate; eunuch ; used of men and 
animals. 
252 osato - oSImalg. 
Qsato, n. hypocrisy (Ot. prodigality; waste); ye or fc- , 
v. to be a hypocrite. S. opasa , tho S. 
osatofo , n. hypocrite. 
osatofemQ and 
osatoyeli , n. hypocrisy. 
oSQ , n. a kind of .wild cats, in form resembling a fox ; 
- akpa , n. the common one; - dill , n. t.he black one. 
oSQbu, - fl Q, n. hole of it. 
oSQfo 'sQfo (Ot. perh. = sQrefo, one who prays) n. pries t ; 
ye -, V. to be priest ; compo wQutse, wQIQmo, okom-
fo , n. elc. 
OSQfo-atade, n. pri es tly robe; S. oSQfotade, th o S. 
oSQfoiasane, n. matter ' or palaver of priests. 
oSQfoniitsumQ , n. priests business. 
osgfon6, pI. -nii , n. priests parts , - property. 
oSQfoiat.ade , n. pries tly garment. 
oSQfosemo,. pI. - mei, n. assistant priest. 
oSQ fo wo, n. making s. b. priest; priestly honour. 
oSQfoy eli, n. priesthood; pries ts office. 
oSQfoyo, n. priestess; S. wQyo, n. 
osre, n. comb ; - femQ , - gbg , n. comb-making. 
osrdelQ , n. comb-maker. 
osreghQIQ, n. tho S. 
osre, osren, n. a kind of sea-fish. 
osa, n. a kiud of wood. 
osatso , pI. - tsei, n. a tree used for building. 
osanmonmonmolo , n. board from this tree. 
osamplan , n. beam, rafter of it. 
ose , n. a war-cry or song of women ; bQ -, v. to raise 
this cry. 
osebg , n. war-crying. 
osebQIQ , n. war-crier. 
oseku , n. backbiting ; bQ m. k. he oseku, '1' . to backbite S. b. 
osekubg , n. backbiting. 
osekubQIQ, n. back-biler. 
osI, n. short foot or leg; mlI osi , inf. osim1!, to walk on 
the toes because of a short leg. 
oSIfo , n. lame person ; . person with a short leg ; compo 
akpake ; otsQIQ etc. 
osiki, n. dice; f6 - , v. to play dice. 
osikif6 , n. dice-play; 10t-casLing. 
osikif6lQ , n. diceplayer. 
osiko, n. a kind of bark used to rub the skin with. 
osimalQ , s. oMo. 
• 
oSima - otsi. 253 
osrmii, n. halting because of a short leg; fr. rna osi , v. 
osrii, n. mishap, misfortune; - nyIe m. k. S() , v. to be un-
fortunate; - ba m. k. nQ, v. something bad happened to 
s. b. etc. 
otent(), n. kind of drum, esp. the european, s. mile, obonu 
etr.; yi -, v. to. drum. 
otenteyilo , n. drummer. 
otentey!, n. drumming. 
otfa si ogbo! horrible curse: fall down and die! -no = 
pestilence (?) , s. oyiah()si, tho S. 
oti, n. aim; target, mHrk; tfa~ , v. inf. otitfa , to shoot 
at a target, mark (Ot. = head; it is said that the fore-
head of a culprit called Oli, was once made a mark of 
and from him the name derives). 
otitfa, n. shootin'g at a target, mark-shooting. 
otitfalQ, n. target-shooter , mark-shooter. 
otQ. n. a kind of food of boiled yams mixed with palm-oil 
and eaten with eggs. 
otofo, n. a peculiar custom of the Gil - and Adailme-tribe, 
but kept more slrickly by the latter, according to which 
no unmarried girl ought to wear cloth , a narrow slrip 
excepted; as soon as the first signs of puperty appear, 
they are to be kept at home in the town, exempt from 
hard labour , well fed and profusely covered with orna-
I!lents. In KrQbQ they wear a peculiar straw - hat , in 
Sai a kind of black turban made of strings. Having 
performed. many ce.remonies, they are then exhibited in 
the town by dancing and playing as marriageable; si - , 
v. in!. otofosi , to perform this custom; compo alufu, n.; 
si alufu or olufu, V. 
olofos!, m. performance Qf the otofo-custom. 
otofoyo, pI. -yei, n. girl under this ceremony. 
otro, n. a plant. 
otrumu, 'trumu, n. and adj. ungrateful person; ungrateful. 
olsame (Ot. okyame), n. speaker; reporter; interpreter; 
he is one of the most important servants of king and 
nation, as his business is to report the different opi-
nions and proposals of the diff~rent parties in public 
palavers. He is accompanied in this by witnesses. Ye-, 
v. to be speaker; to act as speaker. See Gil-Speeches 
among the Specimen of the Gil-language. 
otsameyeli, n. speaker's business. 
otsame - odasefo, n. witness accompaning the speaker. 
otsi, n. week; ilmene dsi -, to day it is a week. 
254 0180! - pabolo. 
Ot80! lit. burn thou! into used by people in bushburning. 
ot80krikri (lit. "thon shinest hot."); n. a short but very hot 
season of t.he year in April or May just before the first 
rainy season sets in and in whic.h the bush which is 
cut, is burnt.. 
ot8ol0 , n. lame person; fr. tSQ, v. to halt. 
owele , n. revenge; to - , v. to revenge. 
oweletg, n. revenging. 
oweletolo, n. revenger. 
owura (Ot.) , 'wura , n. master, lord; sir; = nYOlltSO. Compo 
awura, mistress. By YO,ung people "owula". 
Owu, n. (Ot. = "thou diedst", S. Ogbo in Ga) pr. name 
of a child born after one deceased; s. gbobalQ, Ogbo etc. 
owurayeli = nyontsoyeli, n. ruling (".perrfd),lft"). 
owyia , n. a small bush-animal. 
oy<l, n. haste; ad". somet.imes redup!. 0)'3ya, quickly, hastily; 
compo mra, fe oya, inf. oyafemo , to be quick; ye ogai, 
V. tho S. 
oyai, pI. of the former> tho S. 
oyafelQ, n. a person in hurry , a quick person. 
oyafemo , n. hurry-; quickness. 
oyaiyeli, n. hurry. 
oyaiyelo, oyayelilo, n. a pe.rson in a hurry. 
oyaya , oyayaya, = o),a. 
Oyarefa, Oyadefa , Oyadufa, pro n. of a vi llage of the La-
o people. 
Oye and 
Oyd, pro n. of females. 
P. 
Words not to be found ullae1' p are to be sought 
for under kp or f, compo § 7, or the vowels a, e and 
O. Pa, pe, pe, po, pO, pu is the pronunciation of 
fa, fe, fe, fo, fo, fu, by old people, people of T\lsi 
and the DaJime-Dialect. 
Pa:, pronunciation of old people for fa:, n. river; lake; 
pool of sweet water. 
pa = fa, V. to be much. 
pa = fa, v. to take out. 
'pa, apa, n. hire; bo apa, to hire; ye -, V. lo work for 
hire. 
'pabg, n. hiring. 
pabOIO, n. a person who hires. 
'pafonyo - pitisawa. 255 
'pafonyo, apafo. pl. 'pafoi , n. person hired; hireling. 
pam, adv. and 
pampampam , adv. much , very much ; = tam , po , tutu, 
(so, naakpa , adv. 
pampas6, yiten -pampaso, 11 . crown of (he head (Ed)eitef). 
pampi, n. a small stick driven perpendicularly into (he 
groupd; esp. Ihe small low fences before towns to exclude 
evil spirits; obslacIe, stumbling-block; offence; Ot. tho S. 
pampam and 
paopao, adv. qui ckly = mramra. 
papa, n. fan. 
papahu , papam , 11. towel; Ot . 
papo (Ot.) = kpakpo , n. he-goat. 
pasa, V. to lie; to be a hypocrite , compo opasa , apasa. 
pasamQ, n. lying = amale, malEllnQ. 
palu (Ot. tho s.), n. owl. -
pe. , old pronunc.-1lnd Adil. = fe , V. to make. 
pe , n. corn (on the foot), .pu9nerauge i to -, V. \0 form 
a corn. ".\ 
pe, pepep!l, pepep!lp!), adv. Ot. tho S. just , cxactly ; bul, 
only; perfectly. 
pesij, adv. th. S. 
pei sane mli , V. to investigate. 
p!)i, n. dan. chisel? (Etemmdfen I Eted)beute1). 
pen, pen, n. eng!. pen. 
peIi.kakra, penfokakla, penkini, n. pen-knife. 
peIi. , adv. (Ot. n. tim p" S. si and toi in Ga) once; minal e 
peil , I have seen him once ; never, if construed with 
, the neg. voice; minakol!) peIi., I have never seen him 
(lit. - nol seen him once); Ad. gble. 
pesu , n. 01. tho S. a basket or cage in \vhich fowl are ke.p t. 
It is generally suspended in the yard. 
pete, adv. openly. 
peteple, adv. openly = fail. 
pe (pir), Ot. tho S. adj. and adv. much, many; compo ba-
bao, adj. 
pia, = fia, fe, adj. and adv. all; every. 
pid, info piamQ, V. to stop. 
pia lele he , V. to slop .a canoe by the paddles. 
piIi., info plilmQ, tho S. 
piti, n. swoon; tQ pili (comp. tQ) V. to faint; s. bili, th o s. 
pililO , n. fainting . 
p!lipili, adj. and adv. close; closely. 
pltlsawa, n. europ. word , pistol. 
256 plamplamplam - Sa. 
plamplamplalll, adv. brightly, in flames ; flamingly. 
pIe , v. inf. plrmg, to agonise. to be in agony; to struggle; 
- n. k. he, to struggle for s. tho 
plemQ , n. agony; struggle. 
plene , V. inf. plenem!) , to die in multitudes ; ta Ie plene, 
the army is slain ; to die by violence, by accident. 
plenemQ, n. slaughter ; violent death. 
ploploplo = flofloflo, adv. very far away = son. 
pompi , pompo , europ. word, n. pump . 
pue , inf. puemQ, V. Ot. t.h. S. , to come forth , to appear = 
dse kpo;' to rise, of sun, moon and stars. Camp . gble, 
Ado. and Ot. bue , to open. 
R.  
• 
No Gil -, Adaome - or Otyi - word initiates with this 
consonant and even foreign words wldergo a change, 
the r being either changed into 1 or d or pronounced 
with aspiration as in Greek (~) . 
Raspe , n. dan. rasp. 
raspe, n. raspberry. 
raspe dll:, n. raspberry-vinegar. 
s. 
The letter "s" is seldom retained in Gil before " i" , 
but generally becomes "s", with which it frequently 
changes, sometimes also with "t", compo ta, v. and 
"sa" v., etc. 
8·a, V. inf. sale and samQ; to be fit ; to fit; to be worthy, 
ripe; to be right, due, equitable, just, info sale (Ot. 
fatal (camp. dsa); to fit , prepare, order, repair etc., inf. 
samQ; to taste; to touch (Ot. S. th ., camp. ta) ; to try, 
prove, estimate (5. ka) ; to castrate (Ot. th. 5.); aux. verb .. 
to express the it.erat. mood: to repeat, do again; con-
strued with the definite form of the verb, as the auxil. 
v. na ; f. i. esa eba, he came again; again he eame; 
wherefrom: asan, asa, conj. again, more-over; asan hii 
elee, more-over he knew it also not; compo kpa , in 
Ado. He sa, V. inf. hesale, V. to be outwardly fit; hie 
sa, v.- to be fit (of face, appearance) to be ripe (used 
of persons); inf. hiesale; compo sa bIe, v.; toi sa, v. 
inf. toisal~, to be of fit ears, i. e. to be hard, to be fit, 
obedient, but ' generally used ironically: to be of hard 
ears (5. wa), disobedient. 
sa - sakasak a. 257 
sa m. k. ade, v. to clyster, = ffj, v. 
sa da , v. to be tastful to (he mouth. 
sa he, info hesamQ, v. (Ot. sa hii) to t ouch (the outside); 
to order or prepare about ; to prepare one's self. 
sa ' hewg , v. tho S. 
sa hie, info h'iesale and hiesamQ; v, (0 be fit in one's face, 
to please on e; esa mihie , I am pl e.ased with it , it pl eas es 
me; I am content with it; info hlesale; (0 prepare the 
face surface of S. Ih ., inL hlesamQ. 
sa na , V. info n~ sa, to taste; misa' mina , I tasted (it); but: 
misa da Ie na , t tasted the wine; and misa mina da, 
tho s. (0 touch th e end ' etc.; inf. - mQ , V. to mend the 
end , brim, edge et c. 
s~, n. loop; iron work of doors ali windows (~ircl1''B(ll1b). 
sa, n. mat; bed. 
'sa , asa , n. hall or largest or middl e room of a house. 
sa , n. former time (s. sa . aux. verb) ; adv. formerl y, once; 
milee sa or sa II') milee , formerly or once I did not 
know it ; S . nJOmosa, n. 
sa dCa, v. ? 
s5, n. strong scent , smell; else -, v. inf. sadse, to emit 
a strong smell; compo fO, n. and dse fa; 11ma n. and 
dse nma V. 
saba, n. kidn ey. 
Saban, pro n. of males. 
saba, n. anUdo!e . 
sabia or 
sablan , n. surname, nickname; sign of a person; ~amcn~' 
~u~; seal. 
sablQk, n. dan. night-gown (6dl larrocf). 
sadeboa, n. a kind of small white porcupin es; comp o opens!), 
kQ IQkQ. (Ot. tho S. = luck-animal). 
sadse, n. strong sm elling; strong scent.; compo sa and dse 
sa, V. 
sadsi, pI. of sane, n. which see. 
siidsiyeIi, n. settling of palavers .• 
'safo, asafo , n. company, 
safro, n. a kind of sea-fish. 
'sagba, asagba , n. a wasp dwelling in the walls of houses. 
'sai, osai, n. castrated; person or animal ; s, sa. Of. tho s. 
sai or sei, n. country-seat , chair or stool carved of one 
piece of wood ; compo gwa , ablogwa, marIO, n. 
sakasaka, adv. disorderly; Ot. tho S. Compo bisibasa. Fe- , 
v. to be in disorder, to do disorderly. 
Zimmermann, Akra- Vocab. 17 
258 sakasakafemQ - sanefitemQ. 
sakasakafemQ, n. disorder ; disorderly behaviour. 
saka&aka feIQ, n. disorderly person. 
sale, n. fitn ess, worthiness; worth ; fr. sa, v. n. 
salQ, n. fitter , preparer fro sa, v. . 
sa lDan, 0 1. = sisa in Gil, n . . spirit; ghos!. 
'saman·nukpa, as ., n. chimpanse. 
samanseo, n. t.estament of a deceased person; s. sisamla, n. 
samfe (01. th. s. or safe, safi), n. ke,)'. 
samlle, pI. samfrds i, n. (Fant.i -word = house-hole); window. 
sa mll e-afife, n. window-glass. 
samllese, n. shutter; place behind the windo w. 
samla, n. soap; co untry-soap. 
samQ, 11. fitting ; prepara t.ion ; order. 
s3n, adv. well, nicely; ~eaut i fulIy; perh. fr. sa , v. 
san (or sannQ), n. monument over a grave; grave-stone; 
grave walled in. 
san, n. thatched stone-h ouse; camp. tsu, mo; samfle, n. etc. 
sa n e, old. pronune. sa nd e (comp. sa, v. in Otyi and Ga, 
and se, v. and asrm, n. in Ot.) pI. sads i; (Ad. Ih. s. pI. 
sanehl), n. thing; matter; palaver; word ; cause; con-
cern (<Sod)e); misane dsi no , Ihat is my palawer, con-
cern; edsee misane, It is not my palaver, I have not.hing 
10 do with it ; sane eba, Ihere is palaver; sane br, Ih ere 
is no palaver ; sane Ie bel'! , the matter is false; sane 
Ie fite, the cause is lost. ; sane fon, bad thing ; palaver; 
sane Ie egbo, the palaver difld, is concluded; sane gbo-
nyo, a rollen palaver ; sane kpakpa, sane akpa, good word, 
gospel, ~tlollgdillm; sane srQto, strange matt er; sane k 
eladse, the ca use is los t; etc. etc. bi sane (mli ), 10 ask 
some thing to investigate, = pei sane mli, tao sane mli; 
bo sane toi , v. to lis ten to a ca use, palaver; gbe sane 
na , v. to finish a palaver; Ie sane, v. 10 know a pala-
ver; na - na, v. 10 understand a maller ; na - sisi, v. 
tho S.; t6t6 sane, v. 10 confuse a matter; ye sane, v. 
info saneyeli (Ot. di asem), to settle a palaver, to judge ; 
to order a cause; sane ye, I here is palaver; - - m. k. 
ke m. k. teo , th ere is S. tho betwixt two persons ; sane 
Ie yen, Ihe matter is true etc. rIc. 
saneakpa, sanekpakpa, n. good wo rd ; gospel. 
sanebimQ, investigation ; fro bi sane', v. 
san emlibimQ, sanemlipeimg, tho S. . 
sanedsQ, - dSQle, II. settling or rest of a palaver. 
sanedsgmg, n. sell ling, adjusting of a palaver. 
sanefitemQ , n. loss of a cause. 
sanegba - satso . 259 
sanegba, n. conversation; taletelling fro gba sane, V. to tell 
a tale. 
sanegbele, n. conclusion of a cause , S. sanenagbe , th. s., 
and sanedsQmQ , n.; sanedsQ , -Ie, n. 
sanenQheremQ, n. taking up of a palaver. 
sanekpakpa, -akpa, n. gospel. 
sanekpakpaelsadsemQ ke lsomQ, n. preaching of the gospel. 
sanekodsomQ, n. adjusting or judging of a palaver ; S. ko -
el so, V. 
sanelael semQ, n. loss of a cause . 
sanemlipeimQ, -mlitaomQ, n. investigation . 
sanenagbe, n. end of a palaver ; fro gbe sane na , V. 
sanenumQ, n. hearing of a cause. 
sanesrQto, n. strange malter. 
sanesiSi, n. cause of a palaver. 
sanesis ina, n. insight into a palaver ; fr. na sane sisi, V. 
sandis it somQ , n. explanation of a palaver. 
sanet6tomQ" n. confusion of palaver. 
sanet6t6lQ, n. person who confuses a palaver (by speak-
ing etc.). 
saneyeli (Ol. asemdr), n. palaver-settling; judging; judge-
ment ; council; etc. 
saneyelQ, - yelilQ, n. palaver-settler; judge; counsellor etc. 
a person liking palavers. 
sanku , n. (Ot.. and A)'igbe tho 5.) musical stringed instr.u-
mrnt; organ; forte-piano; tfa -, V. to play it. 
salikutfa. n. organ-playing etc. 
sa likCItfalQ, n. organ player etc. 
sangbo, n. bed· cover. 
sanya, n. tin, zink ; pewter. 
saoyan6, n. pewter-vessel. 
sao, saomg, info saomQ, v. to cleanse about trees. 
sarawa, srawa, n. light ening; rocket; tfa -, v. to fire ro(;kets . 
sarawatfa, n. firing of rockets. 
sasabonsam, at. tho S., n. lit. . devil of the earth, a bad spi-
rit supposed to live in the forest and to be in con-
nection with sorcerNs (5. · aye); compo also abonsam. 
Compo in German : ~rb~'d[t, ®(11btellfel, S\'obolb K 
sase, n. and adj. la rgeness; age; large , old; too old (comp. 
sa, v.). 
Sasabi, pr. n. of a village belonging to Tema. 
sasamg, n. bed-making. 
satso, -lsei, n. bed-stead; S. sa, D. and lso, n. 
iiol< 
260 satsooQ -- sr. 
satsonQ , n. cover of a bed-stead; SSdtbiml1lct; s. kotomo, n. 
satsu , n. bedroom; see selsu, n. which is more used. 
sails. n. dan. sauce. 
se, Y. info se, to be scarce; 10 be impoverished; he se. 
info hese, t.o be scarce. 
sei, V. info seimQ 10 use despitefull y; compo niiseniianii ; 
ese imi, he used me despitefully. Compo Ot. sr i . v. 
se , sijn, n. tbroat; fo - , V. to cut Ihe Ihroat; 11'0 se kpa, 
v. to hang; s. sen, v. 
S!', n. b8ck (s. kotose) , hin derpart , hindpari; what follows 
after ; consequence; end ; las t etc.; adv. behind , aflcr ; 
used as p6stposilion: (I he contrary of hie, harno, which 
compare; see also he, hel1'Q, mli, na , nQ, si, tSui , yi etc. 
and § 29, 44-47); as Ihe prepositi on: after , be hind , 
(11111'1) , (lin tn); as gralh. subj. : se fo, inf. . sefa, v. to be 
cut ofT behind , to cease, = f6; but esp. as gram. obj. , 
as: ba St), V. inf. seba , to come after , behind , late; be 
S(), S. ye se; damQ S0, V. to sland behind ; di sr, inL 
srdi (romp. t.he Otyi) to long after , to desire, 10 lu st.; 
10 care for, fe S!', aux. v. lit. 10 do after, be after ; but 
ge,neral ly used = afterwards , f. i. fe se Ie eba, after-
wards he came (s. kpe se) ; h5 sr , v. li t. 10 give back, 
used as aux. V. "ke-h ii se" = "back" backward, if Ihe 
preceding verb is not already indicating a direction, f. i. 
lsi ke-hii se, to cast down backwa rds, to cast behind ; 
ka se, v. to be fix ed behind; kit se, v. info sekamQ, to 
lie behind ; to remain behind , to be behind (comp~rr 
kpe se, yr;, S\:', th o s.); kpa m. k. se, V. to \\ ilhd raw 
from S. b .• to deny S. b. (cornp. kwa m. k.); kpe se, in f. 
sekpe to remai n behind , to come 100 lat e; ku se. v.-inr. 
sekii, sekiimQ or sekCiomQ (s. kG, v.) , to turn the bark; 
to relurn ; to be con verted (s. tS6 he) ; - m. k, S\:" to 
turn S. b. back, to send S. b. back ; la se, v. 10 fasten 
the back, to hook behind; la samfH~ se , fasten th e bark. 
to hook behind; la samtle Sf'. fasten Ihe back of Ihe 
window, i. e. the shutter; ma se, V. 10 stand behind ; 
to set behind ; na se, v. 10 ga in the end. i. e. 10 profit , 
inL senamQ; na se , v. 10 shnl behind ; si se, V. to knoc.k 
behind 10 leave behind ; la se, pI. Ira se, v. inf. setamQ, 
se lramQ , to toueh behind; to sit behind , used of Ih e 
relatives o( kings etc. who sit behind him (in judgement 
etc.) 10 strengthen him or give importance 10 him, compo 
setrafoi , pI. n.; S. also asetrafo, n.; te se, S. ya se; to 
se, V. to put behind; tse se, t5e Ji se, v. 10 call back; 
261 
lsi se, tSi yi se, v. to push behind , after (f. i. at a 
ca'rriage); tso S(;), v. to turn behind, back; tSo In, k. 
segb(;), to show th e way after s. b., i. e. to betray him; 
lSu se, v. to send behind; - - back; - - after, tSu - dse 
m. k. se, v. to send after; ya S0, aor. perf. and fut. 
tense Ie Sf', to go back , behind, after; ye Sf', neg. be 
Sf', v. to be behind; )'e_ SQ, V. inf. s~yeli, to deceive 
(s. 8isi, v. tho s.); yo se, V. to perceive the back, eml etc. 
i. e. Lo understand , to acknowledge; etc. 
seba, n. coming be):lind, back , after. 
sebe , n. aftertim e. 
sebe, n. a kind of fruit (love apples'!) used for soup; blQ 
fos~be, europ. "sebe", bon d'amour. 
s(lbii, pI. of seo; pI. n. younger brethren or sisters; mi s!l-
bii ete dsile, he is the third (brother) after me; th e 
cars of maize at the stalk. 
seda, n. dan. silk. 
sedaduku, n. silk-handkerchief. 
scdakpa, n. silk-thread. 
sedamQ, n. standing back, behind ; assisting, assistance, fr. 
damQ se, v. 
sedi, n. longing after; care, desire, lust ; fl'. di se, v. 10 
long, lust , desire. 
sedilQ, n. desirous person; caring person. 
srfo, n. ce,asing = rOmQ, fr. se fo, V. 
sefo, n. throat-cutling, fl'. fo s(i, v, 
sefomo, n. after-birth, 
sefomQllii, n. tho S. 
s1'g?:', adj. and adv. sleepy, drowsy; drowsily. 
sf'gisao, n, dan. fret-saw, 
segbe, n. after-way; way after s, b" tso segbe, V. to be-
tray. 
segbetsolQ, n. betrayer. 
s~gbetsomo, n. betraying. 
segblamo, n, drawing back, fl'. gbla S!), V. to draw back. 
sei, n. native-stool made of one piece of wood; throne. 
sellerelo, n, slool-bearer. 
sekt\, n. sta)'ing behind. 
sekamo, n. lying or sta),ing behind. 
seke, n. anc.hor; fa - , inf. s~kefa, to light the anehor, 
depart (s. fa, v.); f6 -, inL sekefo, to cast the anchor, 
to come to anchor (s. damQ, v.). 
sekefii, n. lighling of the anchor. 
sekefo, n. casting of the anchor. 
262 sekll ~ setsu. 
seke, n. madn ess; ye - , v. info seh),eli, to be mad ; )'~ 
n. k. or m. k. he seke, Y. t.o be mad about s. th. or 
s. b., i. e. to be entirely taken with ; t.o be in love with ; 
compo yIn tso, yin ka , Y. et.c. 
seke)'e.li , n. madn ess. 
seke)'elii Q, sekeyelQ, n. mad person. 
seki, n. women-shirt. 
sekpa, n. wind-pipe, throat ; S. s!L n. 
s1ikpa, n. hanging rop e. 
sekpe, n . latecoming. 
sekpelQ, n. latecomer. 
sekolQ, n. person returning. 
seku, sek uomQ, n. returning ; return; conversion ; fr. ku 
se, V. 
sele, S. sere, .1'. t.o melt ; \.0 swim. 
seie, n. braces. 
semiimQ, n. standin g or lying behind , fr. mil se , V. 
semo , pI. semei , n. steward; next in office; camp. also 
seo, n. 
seimQ, n . . despiteful use; = niiseniianiifemQ, n. 
senaiQ , n. gainer. 
senamQ, n. ga in , profit, fr. na 50 , V. 
sen, V. (Ot. tho s.) to han g; to st.rangle (= mla s1j , v.); 
to ceil a room. 
s1j il , n. wind-pipe, throat ; S. se , n. and sekpa, n. 
sentle, semfle, = samfl e, n. 
seiliimQ , n. shutting behind. 
send6 , n. (Fanti-w ord) house-top . 
sere, Y. inL seremQ, to melt ; to swim. 
serelQ , n. swimmer. 
serelIlQ, swimning; melting. 
seseo, info seseomQ, V. to reprove; to silenee (Ot.1). 
seseoiQ, n. reprover. 
seseomo, n. repror. 
setamQ, setramQ, n. sitting behind ; assistance, fro ta se, 
pI. tra se , V. 
setrafoi (= Ot. asetrafoi , down-sillers) or 
setrafoi, n. lit. behind sitt.ers; relations and brethren of a 
king silting behind him in judgement etc. 
seW, n. pulling away, back ; retaining, kerping, fl'. to se, V. 
setsemQ; n. calling back. 
setsimQ, n. pushing (after S. [h. f. i. a carriage) fl'. lsi se, V. 
se[somQ, n. backturning , returning. 
setliu, n. back-room, bedroom. 
s~ya - SQ . 263 
seya, n. going behind, - back. 
seyeIi, n. deception ; from ye S!), v. 
seyeJilQ, n. deceiver. 
Siai, pro n. of the .Sai-mountain , )ts people and land , as 
pronounced by themselves; G. Sai , Ot. Siade. 
Siako , pro n. of a brook eoming from the Akwapim-moun-
t,.ains near Tulu and going into the L~loi-river, near lhe 
Sai -mouulain. . 
sikasika, n. a kind of seafish. 
'sisa, S. asisa, n. 
sisa, n. spirit of departed men; ghost; compo susuma; 
kra ; InllmQ and Ot. samail; sunsum, sunsuma, ~ra , n. 
The word seems also to be employed for "skelelon "; 
befnre bi rth and during life, "kra " or "kla", n. , is used 
instead of it. 
sisamiiiJ. , sis2iamall, n. town of departed spirits (supposed 
to be on tbe islands of or be,) ond the river Volla. 
sis!), V. info sisemQ, to beg. 
sise, n. europ. word, subsislence, way-money. 
siselQ, 11. beggar; mendicant. 
sisemQ, n. begging. 
siyire, n. bride (Otyi). 
skam, n. dan. sham e. 
skao, n. dan. press, chest. 
skru, n. dan. s crew. 
skrusi, n. dan. screw-driver. 
sl - see under sr. 
smQ, V. S. sumQ. 
so, pr. n. Thursday (s. sohal. 
so, pI. somQ, info somQ, V. to perch ; to sit as birds do; 
to sit on one's hams; - hie, V. to sit before, - he , - -
about ; - mli, - - in ; - na, - - at; - nQ, - - upon; so si, 
10 sit down; - sisi , - - und~r; - yiteJl, - - upon, on etc. 
so alfere, pI. somQ somQ - , inf. alferesomQ , V. to box; 
S. alf~r~, n. fist. 
s6 wQdsi anQ, V. to hedge out eggs. 
so, inf. so, V. to work on the anvil. 
sO, n. black-smith's work. 
SQ, v. inf. sQInQ, = sa, to be right, fit. 
SQ (Ot. to take hold of = mo in Ga), V. only used in the 
combinatio ns : hie SQ m. k., v. 10 respect S. b. , mihie 
sole, I respect him (Ot. ani so, compo sa, V. in Ga) ; elsa 
SQ, V. to dance holly; dso Ie eSQ , lhe dance is brisk, 
hot, frequented. 
264 SQ - sii lgkaselg. 
sQ, n. vagina (obscene; compo gbemi). !Bon rogn1 ~l e llfd)ell 
(\1 ~ <5d) lll1).lfmort georolld)t. S. yohe, n. 
so, n. guilt ; blam e ; suspicion; tg m. k. s5, or : ke so f5 
m. k. ng , v. to accus e S. b. innocently. Compo maliso, n. 
rivalry. 
sQbi isQbii (s . SQO, pl. sQbii , n.) adv. in little pal·tid es or 
quan titi es. 
soha, pr. n. Friday (comp. so, pr. n.). 
soa ng (01. soa so), V. to immitate, s. kase, v. 
sodse, inf. sodsell1 g, V. to let S. b. sit or perch down (s. 
s6, somQ, v.) . 
soisoi, adv. violentl y (?), hie m. k. soisoi, v. to treat S. b. 
viotentls ; to illtr ra t S. b.; S. PI, v. , sopa, Y. fe niise-
niianii , v. se , v. 
soisoi hIelQ, n, illtreat ing person . 
soiso ihlemg , n. ill treat meut ; s. pimg. 
sg kQl.erele, adv. continually; oyer ,md over; again an d aga in ; 
compo ngtongto; ahO ; elc. tediously, eLc. 
s 9 Ie (Ot.. sg re, V. to arise; to pras), V. info sQlemQ; to 
l)l' a)' ; to prear.h; Lo offi ciate as priest or cler2sman; Lo 
baptize, confirm , copulate, keep t.he burial service over 
S. h. etc. compo kpa fai ; dsadse - tso; el sa; gba, tso; bap-
tisi ; waelse etc..; Lo care for; sQle he, V. inf. hesglemQ, 
and sQle he nQ , illf. henQsQlemg, to tak e care for one's 
self; compo hIe hi he nQ, V. and Ie hengsglemg, v.; 
tho S. 
sQlelQ, n. 'prayin g, preaching etc. person; person attending 
divine service; compo elsalg , 11. 
sQlem9, n. prayer ; service of God; religious officiati ng; 
baptism, confirmation, copulation, burial service; religion 
in general, S. dsamg , n. 
SQlemQbe, II. pra)'er-tim e etc. 
SQlemQlfe, n. place of praser etc. 
sQlemQgbi, n. day of praseI' or divine sefl'ice. 
sglelllghekpe, or 
sglemgkpe, n. praser-meeting. 
sglemglala, n. hymn ; religious song. 
sglemQlamg, n. religious singing. 
sglemgtsu, n. pra)'er - room; house of prayer; chap el ; 
chur(,h etc. 
sglemg we, n. chapel , church (together with the yard elc. 
S. tsu, sia, we, n.). 
solQ, n. black-smith ; smith . 
siilgkaselQ, n. black-smiLh's-apprentice. 
solQna - sopamQ. 265 
siilgna, n. blacksmith 's-trade. 
soIQri.alg, n. master black-smith. 
siiIQri.anii, pI. n. blaeksmith-implements. 
s6lQte, n. anvil; s. sOlimele. 
solg-hamk, n. blacksmith's-hammer. 
sQmQ, n. fitness, fro SQ, v. 
somQ, n. perching; sWing on the hams. 
somQhe, n. perching-place. 
s6mQ, v. s. snmg, v. and sumg, v. 
somo, 11. a kind of crabs; a worthless fellow. 
sQn, adj. and adv. mere; pure; full of; merely throughout., 
entirely; compo krQn , krori.krori.. Gbomei son, nothing 
but men; full of men; nu sQn, nothing but water, mere 
water. 
sQn, n. a kind of river-fish. 
son, n. straw ; a kind of slraw from the leaves of a palm-
Iree (SOI1t80) used for cords, hats etc. 
sone, n. a kind of squirrel , of grey colour. 
s6ri.fai, n. st.raw-hat. 
sori.failoIQ, n. straw-hat-maker. 
s6ri.me, n. black-smith's bellows, compo afa, n. 
s6I'lm~na, n. forge-chimney; (£ffe. 
s6nmesi, n. black-smith's shop; comp lat es i; kpatasi, n. et.c. 
As in Europe, the smith's shop is a kind of super-
stitions sanctuary, where thievgs can be detected; wounds 
cured, etc. 
siiri.mete, n. = s6lgte, anvil. 
sori.tso, pI. - tSei, n. a kind of palmtrees, t.he leaves of which 
("son" ) are made into hats, cords ctc. 
sonu, n. a fruit of a palmtree of the size of a fist anel 
eatable. 
soitut~o, pI. - tsei, n. the palm-tree bearing it. 
sQo, inf. sQomg, v. to be tough (of sticks); 10 catch up 
(f. i. a ball); to grasp; to snatch; 10 seal (s. SQO na); 
sgo bQ, V. to catch up or receive eagerly; f. i. misQole 
bg, 1 eagerly received him; SQO na, v. info nasQomg, to 
seal up. 
sQolQ, n. catcher etc. 
SQOlllg, n. catching , grasping etc. 
SQO, pI. sgbii, n. little parlide of any thing. 
SQbiisgbii, adv. in litlle particles. 
sopa, inf. sopamg, V. 10 disgrace; to reproach hardly etc. 
sopalQ, n. reproacher. 
sopamQ, n. disgrace; reproach. 
266 soro - su. 
soro, s. sro, v. to be different; to esteem; Ot. sono, v. 
SOSQO, v. = seseo , info sosQomQ, to reprove , reproach; 
perh. redupl. of SQO, v. 
sra, v. info 'sramQ (Ot. Ih. 5. , compo sa, of which it may 
be a corroboration ); to watch (= bu) ; to spy; \.0 visit 
(= 113.) . 
sra , sram , v. to o,'erfiood (of rivers) ; to be very full; 
compo s rake C?). 
sram nQ , V. to be very full (of rivers). 
's rafonyo, asraf., pI. 'srafoi, n. soldier. 
'sra, nsra, n. eamp. 
'sra, fls ra, n. snuff; a kind of fever. 
sralQ , n. watch-man; spy; visit.or. 
sramQ , n. watching ; spying; visit in g. 
sre = sere, V. inC sremQ, 10 melt; 10 swim. 
srebo. n. fire-ston e, flint (of guns) ; ehie tamQ srebo, his 
fa~e is like a flint; S. hIe wa, V. The word is very 
probable Fanti; comp o also tfrebo, IsercbQ, n. lh. S. 
sremsrem, adj. and adv. sweet ; slimy; sweet.!y; = blQblQ, adj . 
sro or soro , impers. v. (Ot. sono) to be different; 10 be 
peculiar , strange ; esromi , esrole, difTerent I, differe.nt 
he, i. e. 1 and he are differe.nt; common verb: to esteem, 
to prize misroo ene , I don't esteem this; nsroo, mba-
sroo, advrrbially used = mnch more, much less. 
srQto, adj . different; peculiar, strange; S. sro; n. difference. 
Gbomei sl'Qloi, different men; gbomo srQto dsii() or esrole, 
he is a peculiar person. 
srQt6, n. lo ck. 
srQt6-soIQ, n. lock-smi:h. 
su, info so; to shrink, to moulder, to get small, thin, 
lean; to spoil, to rot (of doth etc.), to be ragged; to 
kindle (Ot. so), su kane! kindle a light! to swallow; 
uu Ie esumi, the. water had swallowed me np (5. ml, v.); 
to hush one with the exclamation: sua! 
su, n. shrinking; rnouldering, rotting; kindling; swallowing. 
sulQ, n. person doing so. 
sn, n. (Ol. tho 5.) shape, form; behaviour, manner ('ffieje n ~); 
S. suban; su ke Lla, manners and df:scent (?), Sil be ban, 
manners and likeness, of a person; compo dsen, dsen-
ba etc. 
sil, Y. inf. su, to poison; _t o kill by witch-craft or fetish. 
su, n. killing by poison etc. 
sCi - sumuidadelso. 267 
su, n. swish, clay, f. i. such as fit for potters, building etc. , 
ground, su akpa, good ground ; compo Sikpoil.; mlu ; 
nmiamQ etc. 
sua! into hush! be quiet! (German : bfl!); S. su, v. 
suban, n. (Ot. tho s.) form = su ; image; likeness . 
subantse, n.? = asrafonyo? 
'subQ , S. asubQ , n. 
subQ, n. balling of swish to make swish- or mud-walls. 
subolQ, n. labourer balling swish. 
sUfg, n. wetl.ing of swish. 
sukle apd sukle, n. eur. word ; sugar. 
sukleno, n. sugar-vessel. 
suklete, n. rock-sugar. 
sukle-yi'bii, n. lit. sugar-fruirs, i. e. raisons. 
siikpQ , n. lump of clay. 
sukp gtQ, n. mud , wet clay. 
sukpQIQmg, n. wetting ancl mixing of swish ; sCifQ, n. 
sukukuli, n. clod . 
sukusuku, adj. wrinkled; S. susu i, tho s. 
sulan, adj. and adv. hairy; hairily; tSQi sulan, full of hair; 
he ye tSQi - , v. to btl very hairy. 
suIT, adj . and adv. dark, cloudy; -ly, -Iy ; lriibe, unfreu nb, 
lid); fe - , V. to be clark etc. 
sulQ, n. a person kindling a fire , light; lighter; husher; 
fl'. Sil , v. 
sulomlomQ , n. taki,ng up Qf swish; S. 10, v. 
sulg, n. poison er, fr. su, V. CShftll1 ifd)er; B,111[lfret . 
sOma, n. swish-building ; S. rata, n. 
sumillQ, n. builder of swish. 
sumailfo, sumamfo, n. a seafish ; Ot. , = wQntsQ, n. fel.ish-
pries t. 
sumQ (SlnQ), illf. su6lnQ or SUln QlllQ , Adil. . sUQ, v. to 
10 I' e; 10 wish, will , agree; to Ii k e (Ot. PQ); lllTsumQ, 
I like it, I agree; snmQ m. k. or better SUlllQ m. k. sane, 
v. to love s. b. , to like s. b. (Ot. P!l obi asem). Comp, 
dQ he, v. and kple, V. tao, V. etc. 
sumg (smg ), inf. suoJOQ. Ot. som; v. to se rv e ; eSllmg~ 
mi , he served me; Ad. sum, v. 
sllnlglg , n. lover. ( scarcely used; see suolQ, 
sumQmQ, n. love, will, wish; ( and SIlOIllQ. 
sum61Q , n. servant ; S. s1l61Q. 
sum6mQ, n. service; S. SIlOIllQ. 
sUlllui, n. lead ; s. tunte, n. 
sUllluidadetso, pI. -l iSei, n. leadb<lr. 
268 sune - sliwo. 
sun e, n. pillow (fr. sum, Ot. v. to li e on a pillow; sumi, 
Ot. n. pillow). 
sunehebo, n. pillow-case. 
5tIQ, Adil. v., inf. sUQm, to love, like. 
suolQ , n. (seldom used) lover ; camp. sumQIQ and hedQ IQ, n. 
suolQ, n. (seld oll1 used) servant ; COll1p. tSLIlQ, n. 
SUOIl1 Q, n. love; likin g; wish , will; ,CO ll1p. sUQ , sumQ and 
SllIl1 QmQ . 
suomQ, n. serving ; service. 
suoll1on a, n. loves sake; ad v. for loves sake, willingly; frei, 
luinig. 
suoll1Qnan ii, pI. n. things according to one's wish or will. 
suom Qniit sumQ, n. labour of love. 
suomQniitsull1Q, n. labour or work of a serviee. 
suomQsane, n.· matter of love, liking, will, wish. 
s u s u , inf. susumQ, v. (Ot. th. s.) to shadow so mething off 
(abid)l1tte \l ), lo measure; to think ; compo su, n. and 
v. ; susll-ke, v. to think and say; misusu mikele, I told 
him (as I thought or had it. iu remembrance); susu he, v. 
to think about; SUSll mli, v. to measure th e co ntents ; 
SUSU, na, V. to measure th e brim or limit , etc. Compo 
kpa si ; bu, bu akonta; dfen, v. etc. 
SUSLl, red upI. of su, v. to shrink very mu ch, repea ledly etc. 
susui , adj. wrinkled = sukllsusllkll ; shrunk; old, mould er-
ing (o f cloth); camp. feiffl i. 
susulQ, n. measurer; think er. 
susuma (Ot. sunsum and sunsurnma), n. s ha d e (of a thing, 
body, compo hoil, 11. ); character or impression of S. th. ; 
reflection of s. tho (f. i. of th e light); so ul. Compo kra , 
okra; mumQ; sisa; Ot. sunsum, snnsuma, n. tho S. 
susumaheremQ, 11. salva tion of soul; fl'. here susuma, v. 
susumg, Jl. measuring , measuremen t ; measure; thinking, 
thought. 
susumgbe, n. lime for consideration. 
susumono, n. measuring-vessel ; f. i. susumQ-ak paki, measu-
rin g callabash ; pI. - nii, abstract thing; ®eihmfenbillg, 
abstraetum. 
susumQtso, pI. -lsei, D. measure-stick. 
Sma, pro n. of a village about 25 miles N. E. from Osu, 
at the foot of the Akwapim-mounta.ns. (S. BIQfonyomail, 
Dodowa.) 
suwale, n. firmn ess of character. 
suwadsemQ , n. confirmation of charader. 
sliWo, n. manuring of plants with swish or ground. 
Sa sadeno. 269 
S. 
Words not to be found uuder s seek under f or s, 
'll"ith both which the letter s frequently changes : iu 
Adillime it is frequently, ill Otyi generally S; compo fa 
fQ and sa, sQ; si and si, etc. 
Sa , v. info sa, pI. sra, sla, sala, inf. sramQ , slamQ , salalll Q, 
to fe rm e n t; to rot, togetsolH eic.= kp QIQ (see . 
sala , adj .); to stin k = dse fli , inL sa; to shake, to 
swing; to winnow, to fan (s. sal a, n. ); in[ sa; sa mli, 
inf. mliSa, to fan or winn ow out. · 
sa, info sa mQ, v. to draw; to pull , -10, V. to calch fish , 
to ang'e ; · to snatch; to rub, wash, whil e-wash ; - hIe, V. 
- - the face, surface; - he, v. th e outside, round abou t; 
- mli , v. - the insid e, - - out ; - nQ , V. - - th e surface etc. 
sa nyanyodsianQ , V. to cleanse the teeth ; S. tfapia , n. 
Co mpo also stilil , SQO, so, gbla, kpla, v. 
sa si, V. inL siSa mQ, to run upon , to knock upon (3 rock 
f. i., used of vessels etc.) , to wreck; to g.o some\\ bere 
ard return soon; f. i. eyasa si eba, he went there and 
came hack ; S. also se, fie ii i, v. 
sa, n. rermen ' ation; rott in g; stinkin g; swinging, winnowing, 
fanning; shaking; S. samg. ' 
sa, esa, adj. rott en, bad, evil , sinful. 
'sa, eiSa, 11. mischi ef (something rotten), s in ; comp o ni isa, 
nasa an d efail , n. Adil. pyam. 
(sa, n. r~ l a tion s hip created by marri age, Ed;mil'ger , !tllb 
EchIl1 0~trfdhl f t, s sanli.) 
is il, info SO, pI. fila slamQ, v. to b urn ; to roast; to toast ; 
to be barren (only used of an imals, not of men, compo 
kene) . 
sa, inL sarno , V. (obscene) to belch; to blow wind. 
s~, n. burning, roas ting; conflagratio n ; barrenness of ani-
mals; s. siamQ, tho s. fT. th e pI. form sia. 
s~, pI. sril, inf. sT<i mQ, V. to belch out. 
!iabi, n. (Ed) miegrrfdNfr ~, .\1in~, s . sa, n.) brothel' or sister 
in law (l5dllt1,1 r!er, E(hn1iigerin); compo sanu, 53),0. 
sabii, pI. of sao, n. clusters. . 
sade (Ot. sade), n. good lurk; success. 
sadcboa, s2c1eboa, n. (Ot. = animal of good luck) a kind 
. of porcupines. 
sadegbomo, pI. -mei, 11 . lucky person. 
sademo, pI. - mei, n. lb . S. 
sacieno, pI. -nii, n. luck)' thing. 
270 sadso - se. 
sadso, n. n large rurious tree, bearing fruits of the size 
of an ostrich's egg, prh. monk ey-bread-tree; s. salso, n. 
'safemQ, = e'afemg, n. si nful act. 
silk,), Y. inL siikii mg, to embrace un chastely; to lift with 
, both arms. 
sakamQ, n. unchast.e embrace; compo 10 alii , Y. 
sala, sla, Bra, V. inf. salamg saramg etc. pl. form of sa, v. 
to rot ; to be ' rotten. 
sala, sla, sara, Bra, srali , adj. rott.en, stinking; f. i. 10 s~tla, 
stink-fi sh, a favorite meat. 
sala, pI. sadsi, n. chaff, = tulu ; fl'. sa, V. to winnow. 
salQ, n. winnower; puller; rubber , washer , white-washer, 
fl'. sa and sa, v.; angler. 
sa:IQ, R. burn er; sialg, tho s. , compo sa, pI. 81a, Y. to burn; 
incendiary; ~IJlorl>brcnller; S. serelQ, n. 
salg, n. (obscene) ; S. s5, inf. samg, Y. 
samQ, n. draw in g, pu.lling, snatching; rubbing; white-
'washing; angling ; s. he , Y. 
samg , n. (obscene) belching , blo win g wind . 
'samQ, inL tho S. Y. (obscene) to piss; to be slippy , slip-
rery; S. fie nu ; and compo fa ; to he wet, slippy, S. sane. 
Mmg, n. piss ing; piss-water; slipperin ess . Compo sg mg, n. 
silmgn6, -nii, n. piss-pot.; cham ber-pot. 
samQtg, ' n. urinal',\' bladder; used as a scoldiIlg word for 
bed- pissing ehildren. 
sane, Y. inf. sa~emg, to slide Ollt. ; to slip ; to be slippery ; 
S . samg, Y. 
sanemQ, n. sliding, slipping. 
Sant se (Ot. SanRye), pI'. n. of two Yillages, on e at the foo t 
of the Akwapim moun fains in the Nlllio-Plantations, and 
one betwee n Akradi and Akwamu on the western bank 
of the river Volta . 
sanO , pI. sa hi, sahim ei, n. falh er in law, son in la\\ ; also 
used of less close relationship ; S. sa, n. sa bi and sa,Y o. 
sao, pI. sabii , n. a duster or grape (of bananas , plan-
tains et c ). , 
saW, info sill amo, Y. to drag by forc e along the ground, 
to pull; compo sa, gb la, kpla, Y. 
satamg, n. dragging along. 
say o, pI. saY0i, n. mother in law ; daughtrr in law ; i?,; sana. 
S~, Y. inf. sr, Ad. hie, )'e, to arrive; to reach; to 
be sufficient (comp. fe, Y.; fa, v.); to mnke arrive , to 
order S. tho from afar; compo also sedse; ml se, Y. inf. 
mISe, lit. the chest or breast-bone suffices, i. e. to be 
s~ he - semQno. 271 
comforted , content, jo)>ful; compo sedse m. k. mT; to 
shave; · yi, v. to shave one's head, as tile natives somr,-
times do; to shave the he~d after a time of mourning 
for a dead person; always connected witll fet ish -
ceremonies; - hiena = dsie hrena, to shave the fore-
head . 
s\} he, ,~, 1.0 arrive about, at etc. ; to shnve about.. 
se mli, Y. to arrive in , t.o reach or be sufficient to fill a. 
yessel. 
s(J na, v. to suffice, 1.0 satisfy (of food). 
lie nQ , v. to reach the surface. 
se si, Y. to reach (lown; to reach entirely; to arrive at. 
s~-fo , pI. irreg. se re·fIe si, double verb, to cast away. 
S~ si - l1i, and 
s(J - ta, double verb; to arrive, to be near, to be at hand; 
ese iii eta, he is at hand ; eS(J eta, t.h. s. Ad. su - ta, 
tho s. 
se, n. arrival; sufficiency; ordering CBefleUllllg); shaving ; 
fr. 50, v. 
se, Y. info semQ, to be afraid of (fd)t llcn), to shy; to . fea r ; 
to respect. 
5e gbeye, Y. info gbeyesemQ , to be afraid of, in fear cf; 
to fear; romp. gbeye; mlsele gb eye, I fear him; mise 
gbeye, I am afraid; mise mihe gbeye, I. am afraid of or 
for myself. . 
sedse, V. inf. sedsemQ , to make to reach, to let suffice ; 
compo § 27. 28; ooly used in the phrase. 
sense m. k. ml, V. info mTsedsemQ, lit. to let one's chest 
or breast-bone suffice, i. e. to comfort S . b., compo mT 
and ml sr , V., and kyellye wyere in Olyi, tho S. 
sedse\g, n. S. misedse lQ. 
sedsemQ, n. S. mlSedsrmQ. 
sHo, S. se - f6, double verb. 
s~le, v. = sere, inf. selemQ, to kir.d'e; - la , - - a fire. 
s~le, V. = sere, pI. of s~, V. 
sille - fie si, double pI. verb, to cast pings) down. 
selQ, n. a person arriving, ordering etc.; barber ; fr. !ie, Y. 
selQ, n. a person afraid, fearing, dreading, respecting, fro 
se, V. 
semQ ke sifO (pI. form seremQ ke sifiemQ , S. sere); n. 
cast ing clown, away, fr. se . f5 si, double V. 
semo, n. shyness (Ed;eu); fear, dread; respect; S. gbeye-
semQ. 
semon<), pI. - nii, n. horrible, aweful thing. 
272 semgsane si. 
semgsane, n. aweful palRver. 
sena = sina, n. door ; from siana. 
sera ii i; = s'ira si, sra si, v. to take a walk. 
sere, info seremQ , v. to kindle; - la, to kindle a fire (comp. 
se, v . and su, v.). 
she - fi e s i, pI. form of se - fO !i i, double v. , to ras t down, 
- - away (many thin gs); compo fii, f6 si, fIe si, v. Inf. 
s0remg ke sifiemg . 
serelg, n. kindler (of a fire); incendiary. 
seremQ, n. kindling (of a fire); fr. sere, v. ; comp o here-
mg, n. 
seremg ke sifi emg , n. casting down or away of many thin gs; 
from the pI. form of se - f6 si, double v. 
sete, inf. sctemQ, to rend by force ; S. gba, tsere , V. 
se temg , n. rendin g; rent. 
s i , V, ., pI. simg, inf. 51 and slmQ (Ol. si and tia) , to 
knock ; to push , kick ; t.o stamp; to pulverize , to 
po un d; to push aga inst; to pounce ; to touch , aux. v. 
to express the relation of direction = till , untill (oi tl 
~ \I) , S. kQ- s asi, aux. v., ke -basi, aux. v. ; to be or act 
against (in this case used as auxiliary verb to exp ress 
th e relat ion of direction = agRinst); to be wo rth (lit. 
to knock), esp . na si, V. t.o be worth , 1.0 be more worth 
than -, f. i. "ana ii ig mr i akp ei nyolima ", thou art 
more worth , than ten thousand (5. Bible Hist. N. 40); 
to hoist; ii i afl ana, V. inf. aflanasl, to hoist a flag ; etc. 
si he, obsce np , to c.ommit. sel f-pollut.ion ; ii i mli , v. to 
strik e in!o ; obla esi emli , he is fu ll of youth (5 . obI a), 
he is full of )'ollthful joy, pl e.asure, strength or also mis-
chi ef; Comp o esp. phrases lik e : Ekwg ke-)'a s i liwei, il 
reaches heaven ; ke -ba ii i lirnene, until to day; fc csa 
ii i m. k., 10 si n aga in s t. (Ot. tia). 
si - fi e ii i, double verb, V. to commit. the si n of On an, Gen. 
38, 9. (5. 1 Mos. 38, O. in the Ga-translalion). Ad. si, v. 
si mli , inf. mlisimg , v. to give over and above. 
8i ng, v. info ngsim g, to add, to repeat. 
si iii, v. pI. simg 5i, inf. sis img; to stam p. 
S!, v. simg, to l eave; eSlmi , he left me ; sile, leave 
him, 
Sl fo, V. info fg s), to get fat (o f anjm~ l s, S. fi, v l. 
si otofo, V. inL OtOf081, to perform th e olofo - Cllstom , 5. 
otofo, n. 
si atufo, V. inf. atufosl, to bind up the atufo, which see. 
si, pI. !iii, or 
81 - si. 273 
SI, pI. sil, n. time ("mal"); to express the repetition of 
RctS, but not that of numbers (s . toi); eba sit enyo, he 
came two times, i. e. twice; sit ete sgn oke ne, now 
already three times thou saidst this! Camp. il i ng, v. 
to add, to repeat; promise; wo - , v. inf. siwo, to 
promise; ili ni ewo , the promise he gave; ewo Iii, ake 
eba, he promised that he would come. 
si, n. = sisi, sikpon ; ground ;- land ; place; region; 
earth (camp. Ot. ase and asase); lower part; bottom ' 
etc. etc. but the word is seldom used as a pure noun, 
nor has it a plural, but serves as an adverb and a post-
position of locality (like he, hewg, hie, mli, na, ng, S!l 
etc.) to express the same relation as: dow n, sometimes 
on , up , upon, if by these the ground is meant (comp . 
nQ, the contrary of it); to the ground; and the prefixes: 
de -, sub - etc. in Lat. and Eng\. ; Germ. nieber, f,m\lo , 
ab; auf etc. Sometimes the original Sign ification is scar-
cely any more to be seen as it is also t he case with 
the corresponding prepositions in other languages. As 
grammat. object it is esp. used in the following <'·ases: 
ba si, v. inr. sibil, lo come down, low, to fall , decrease 
etc. ba m. k. si, v. to bring s. b. down, to bumble s. b. 
(s. ba he si, v. to humbl e one'sself. info hesiba); bi ili, 
v. info sib img , to ask the ground, reason, to ask after; 
bi m. k. si, v. - - - s. b.; to ask after s. b. (for mar-
riage f. i.); ble si, V. to lie on the ground (as snakes); 
bg si, info sib Q, to loiter ab 0 u t, s. kpa si; bu iii. pI. 
bumQ si, info sibumg, to couch; to lie on the ground; 
f. i. k!l hie - - , V. - - with the face - - -; to lie forward 
with the chest; da si (Ot. da ase, lit. to lie down in 
thanking one), V. to thank, edami si, he thanked me; 
dale si, thank him! inr. sida; clamQ ili, V. inf. sidamQ, 
to stand (clown, upon, on the ground) , dse si, v. inf. 
sidse, to come out, forth; = dse kpo; to be mischiev-
ous, forward; but see tSe si, V. - dsie ili, V. info si-
dsiemQ, to bring forth; to reveal; = dsie kpo; dsu si, V. 
info sidsie, to do S. tho by stealth; edsu si k!l- mba, he 
stl\als or creeps in, he comes in by stealth ; fa ili, V. 
inr. ilifii, sifamg , to take out; = dsie ili; IT 5i, V. inf. 
sifimQ, to stand fast; fo Iii , V. info sifo (s. fo, to cut), 
to go round about, lit. to cut the ground, place; esp. 
used of public processions; fo Iii, V. sifo, to cast down, 
pI. fie si; S. se- fo, se - f6 ili; fo si, v. info sifQ. to 
scent, to trace _by scent; to lie hid in the ground; S. 
Zimmermann, AI<ra-Vocab. 18 
274 iii !iiii. 
fG, v.; fa si, v. sifamQ, to scatter or be scattered on 
the ground; fie si, v. inf. sifiemQ , to pour out, to cast 
down (many things , s. fo si); gbe iii, inf. sigbemQ, v. 
to fall to the ground, down, to fall (romp. nyo iii, v.) 
he 8i, v. info sihelllQ , to settle; h!) si, V. info siM, pI. 
here si; inf. sih eremQ , to strike or be stricken down; 
here si, info siheremo, V. to start up suddenly (auf, 
fnbHU, plf<ll11U1enfabHn); hI iii, V. info sihile, to re-
main, to dwell; ahl si, let it! hQ si, v. inf. sihQ, to stick 
under; to put under; S. hQ , v.; ka 5i, v. to be fixed 
down ; ka: 8i, pI. kamQ ii i, V. to li e down; komI) iii, v. 
sik omQ, to bite the ground, to fall in battIe (0 in'l'l (,i)ral'l 
bdjien", e'Xpression of war); kpa 5i, V. to wander about; 
kpasa 5i, V. to lean down; kG iii, pI. kGmQ 5i, inf. si-
kiimQ, v. to break down; lu 5i , v. iiilumQ, to strike 
down, to fall down ; ma iii, v. to stand; to set down 
(of things; s. damQ si); mo iii, v. to take hold under ; 
na 8i, v. ' and nana si, v. 10 tread (the ground); ilme 
8i, Y. to lay down ; nyo si, v. to fall or sink down; so 
si, V. to sit on the ground (as bird!» , pI. samQ si; sa 
si, Y. to run upon; to run aground (vessels) ; se si, v. 
to reach down, to arrive at; S. se iii - ta, double V. tho S.; 
si iii, pI. simg 8i, v. to knock down; to stamp; sQ si, V. 
to hang loosely in the ground; so si, V. to rend down; 
ta 8i, pI. tra si, inf. sitamQ, sitralll Q, to sit down; te si, 
info site, Y. to arise, get up; te iii, Y. to stumble; ti 
5i, v. to stumble upon; to 1'i, Y. to set or put down; 
to tsui si; to lay the heart down, to have patience; s. 
ilme yi 8i; tfa 5i, V. to strike down; to fall down; tfia 
8i, v. sitfiamQ, to be an outcast; to be cast down, away, 
given up ; 18a !ii, Y. to dig the ground; tlie iii, V. to be 
unruly,; tu si, Y. to jump down (wo 5i, v. to promise, 
S. 5i, sl, n.); wamQ iii, v. to creep, on the ground; yi 
5i, v. to descend; to let decend ; to light, alight. Camp. 
"si" in Ado. 
5ia, n. sand (Ot. ilwyia). 
siakuli , n. sand-grain. 
siate, n. sand-stone. 
sianQ, n. sea-shore. 
51a, V. inf. 5IamQ, sometimes SIt), 51emQ, to stretch out (the 
hand etc.). Compo sie, v. 
iita, a kind of pI. form of sa, v. to burn. 
sla, n. (Ot. Ii, and fie) house, home; miya 51a, I go home; 
eye iila, he is at home; town in its contrast to the 
slab a - ;;layo. 275 
plantation-village (s. mail ); fatherland in contrast (0 foreign 
country ; camp. we and tsu , n. adv. hamel at home. 
siaba , n. comming home. 
s1abe, siablQmg, n. quarrel in a house . 
siabii, pI. n. (pI. of sianyo) people at home ; country-men. 
siabu, n. protection of a house. 
siadsgle , n. house-p eace. 
siadsQmQ, n. house-blessing. 
sIagbe , n. house-dog. 
sIaghena, n. right of thll house; .pauilud)t. 
siakolo, n. cattle; .pouiltbi~r. 
siakpe , n. house-meeting. 
siamail , pI. - madsi, n. homB-town ; native-town. 
siamg; stretching out (the hand f. i.) ; burning , conflagra-
tion , ff. sTa, v. 
slana, n. house-mouth , i. e. door , not used : s. sena and 
sina, n. 
siamo = sian yo ; pI. siamei , n. country-man ; person at or 
from one's home ; people at home. 
slaniitsumg, n. house-work; work at home; house-hold. 
siano, pI. sianii , n. any thing of home, hom e-made thing; 
home-custom. 
sianQyeli , n . house-governement ; house-keeping. 
sianye, pI. - nyemei , n. housemother; housewIfe ; hostess; 
mistress of the house; camp. biianye , n. 
sianyedseil, n. character , life of housemother; etc. 
sian yo, pI. sIamei, siabii ; person, people at home; pI. - hi, 
man, men at home. 
siasamQ, n. preparation of a house. 
siasane, n. house- or home-palaver. 
sias~, n. arrival at home. 
siasikpOll, n. house-land. 
illata, n. home-war; home-army; camp. amailko, n. 
siatse, -pI. - (semei, housefather, housemaster ; host; pI. = 
siabii, people at home; camp. biiatse, n . • 
siatsu, n. house at home, in town (s. kosetsu). 
siatsulg , n. house-servant. 
siawebii, pI. n. domestics at home, in town; homeslaves, 
house slaves (not in the plantation or field). 
siawiemg , n. mother's tongue; language of home; home 
palaver. 
slaya, n. going home; home-journ ey. 
siayo , pI. - yei, n. women at home; town -women; camp. 
slan)'o , pI. - hi ; house-woman, .p(lu~roeib j housewife. 
18'" 
276 siayoniitsumo - sihe. 
siayoniitsumo , n. housewifery. 
siayoniifemonii , pI. n. doings of a housewife. 
srayosane, n. housewife-palaver. 
siba, n. coming down ; decreasing , decrease; fall ; humi-
liation. 
sibalg, n. a person come low. 
s ibilg, n. a perso n ask ing after s. b. 
sibimg, n. asking after s. b. or s . t.h. ~<ldJfr<lf1e . 
siblemg , n. lyi ng on the ground (as snakes do) . 
sibg , n. loitering about. 
sibglQ, n. loiterer, louncher. 
sibumg, n. couching ; lying on the ground , on the face. 
sida, n. (Ot. aseda) thank. 
sidalg , n. thanker. 
sidamg, n. standing, station . 
s idamghe , n. standing-place, sta!jon ; footing . 
sids!i, n. comming out, appearance = kpodse ; mischiev· 
ousness , frowardness; mise-hief. 
sidselg , n. mischie·vous froward or forward person. 
s idsrelg, n. r evealer = kpodsielQ , n. 
sidsiemg, n. bringing out, forth ; revelation = kpodsiemg, 11. ; 
betray ing. 
sidsll, n. stealth. 
sidsulg, n. person acting by stealth, 
sifamg, n. taking out. 
s ifTmg , n. standing fast ; firmness. 
sifrmghe , n. firm footing . 
sif6, n. perambulation ; procession . 
sifolg, n. perambulater; member of a procession. 
s ifo , Sifu , n. s. sifiilg , n. 
sifo, n. casting down. 
sift}, n. scent; tracing. 
sifiilg, sif6 dsi , n. lit. scenter , limer; epith . of the dog 
-(s. gbe). 
sifalg, IJ. sc.atferer. 
Sifamg, n. scatt.ering about. 
sifiemQ, n. outpouring. 
sigbemg, n. falling, fall. 
sigbemghe, n. place of a fall ; falling place. 
sihelg , n. settler. 
sihemg , n. settling; settlement. 
sihemghe, n. settlement; place of. 
sihemgheto, n. beginning of a settlement. 
sihe, siheremQ, n. downstriking. 
siheremQ sikomQ. 277 
siheremQ, n. upstarting. 
siherelQ, n. person starting up. 
sihIle, n. remaining, dwelling. 
sihllehe, n. dwelling-place. 
sHabQ, as aften as. 
sika, v. inf. sikamQ, to load a gun; s. si, v. and ka, v. 
sika , n. (Ot. sika) gold; money; silver-money (s. trema and 
dfetei); ye -, v. to use money; wo -, v. to owe 
money. 
sika-amaga, n. golden image. 
sikaf~l!;), n. dan. whip. 
sikahelQ, n. and 
sikafelQ, sikailmelQ, n. gold-taker; gold-weigher. 
sikafitemQ, n. money-spending. 
sikailme, n. gold-weighing. 
sikalQ, n. loader of a gun. 
sikamQ, n. loading of a -gun. 
sik1imQ, n. lying down. 
sikamQhe,I n . lying-placsikailalQ, .e , couch; £ager, £(\ger:prQ~. 
sikasolQ, n. gold -smIth. 
sikano, pI. - nii , n. any thing made of gold. 
sikasane, n. money~matter. 
sikasuomQ, n. love of money. 
sikatsakelQ, n. money-changer; banker. 
sikatsakemQ, n. mon'ey-changing; banking. 
sikatsakemQhe, n. bank; (exchange). 
sikats~IQ, n. gold-digger. 
sikatsa, n. gold-digging .• 
sikalse, pI. - tsemei, n. possessor of gold; rich man; s. 
niiats!), n. 
sikawo, n. owing of money; wearing of gold, golden orna-
ments. 
sikayeJi, n. use of money; money-spending; s. sikafitemQ. 
sikayelilQ, -yeIQ, n. spender of money. 
siki, inf. sikimQ, v. to suffocate; to give s. b. medicine 
inlo his nose (a common use here). 
siki dso, v. inf. dsosikimQ, to dance; s. tse dlio, v. 
m.imQ, n. suffocation; putting medicine into s. b. nose. 
sikisail (fr. Ot. sikrisam, lit. sugar-flour), n. european flour; 
flour-bread; s. akpano, n. 
sikisailabolo, n. flour -bread. 
sikQsikQ, n. hickup = hikQhikQ, fukQfukQ. 
sikomQ, n. ground-biting; falling in war (,,@r,,~oeijjen"). 
278 sikpii - sinasralQ. 
sikpa , n. lit. ground - cord ; snake; s. sino and onufu , n. 
tho S. 
sikplalQ, n. (ground - brushing) , broom ; S. blQ, b!lIQ , si-
nyielQ, n. 
s i k pO l'l (lit. lo w-lump , compo si and kpQ . kpoil, Ot. asase, 
AM!. suban) n. pI. sikp6d ii i ; e a r I h ; land ; ground ; floor ; 
the eart.h is considered a person and adored, as heaven 
too (s. NyoilmQ); ba - , V. = ba ii i, ba sisi , to come 
down ; gbe - , to fall 10 the ground = gbe si ; hCi - , 
V. to till th e ground ; S. hil kG ; mil - , to stand or set 
on the ground ; sa - , to prepare the ground ; ta -, to 
sit on the ground ; tsa - , V. to dig the ground ; WQ - , 
to sleep on the ground ; Y!l - , to be on or in the earth 
or ground. 
sikpOl1ba , n. coming on earth . 
sikponbii , pI. n. inMbitants of the earth . 
sikponbQ (= dsenb Q, n.), n. globe of the earth. 
sikpol1ble, - nQ, n. surface of th e earth. 
si kpqilhulQ, n. till er of the ground. 
sikponhiimQ, n. tilling of the ground. 
SikpoilnQbii , pI. n. inhabitants of th e land or earlh = si-
kponbii , n. 
si kpoiln6, n. something earthly ; pI. 
sikpoJ1n'ii , earthly things. 
sikpoilniitsumQ , n. earthly business. 
sikponnyo , pI. -bii, n. earthly person. 
srkpoilnylemQ, n . . walking on th e ground , i. e. on foot . 
sikpoJ1samQ , n. preparation of the ground. 
sikpol1sane, n. earthly matter. 
s ikpoil lsa, n. digging of the ground. 
sikpoilIS\l, n. land-possessor. 
sik poiltsu , n. floor-room. 
sikiimQ, n. breaking down. 
silQ , n. knocker , etc. fr. si , v. 
silumQ, n. falling do wn; striking down; = sitliamQ, sitfa, D. 
!limQ, V. pI. of si , to knock ; n. knocking ; pounding etc. 
etc. fro si, v. 
simo or SIIDQ , Ii. leaving. 
simaIDQ , n. standing or setting on the ground. 
siilmlitso, pI. - tsei, n. hinge. 
sin, adv. firmly. 
sin, n. a kind of bast; a kind of bread. 
slna (= siana, sen a) n. door; compo agbo, ·n. 
sInasralQ, n. door-keeper. 
sinasi - slsidselQ. 279 
sinasi, n . place under the door; - before the door. 
sinamQ, sinanamQ , n. standing up (" I).{uftreten "). 
sInatso, pI. - tsei, n. door-post. 
sInasisi, n. sill, threshold. 
sinyielQ, n. (ground-walker) ; broom = sikplalQ , blQ, n. 
sinyB , n. falling, fall. 
s1 ra , si, v. info sislramQ, to take a walk (also wit.h th e 
eyes only). 
sisomQ, n. perching on the ground. 
sisamQ, n. running aground. 
sisi} , n. arrival. 
sisi, redupl. of si , v. (Ot. sisi) info siSimQ (also s is iu , s i-
siumQ) to deceive. 
sisi, n. reduplication of si , n. Ot. ase; earth , ground ; 
foundation, S. fanes; under part; depth bottom ; dregs; 
under story ; (s. I'lwei, the contrary of il): reason, mean-
ing, signification; beginning; etc. etc. adv. down ; aground; 
trough; used as postposition like the prepos. under, be-
neath; compo si , n. Ba - , v. to come down ; ba n. k. 
mi, to come under s. th.; b~ - , s . ye sis i; bi -, V. 
to ask the reason, signification; bo sii; i toi , v. to listen 
to the reason; bu-sisi, to lie under; dse sisi, V. inf. si-
sidse, V. to begin ; ds\) sisi, V. (to come) from ben eath; 
k5. sisi , V. to lie under s. th.; kG -, V. to break do wn 
the ground; to double the seam of clot,h; Ie s isi , info 
sisil e, to know the reason, signification; rna sisi , V. to 
lay the foundation ; na sisi, V. to see the reason', mean-
ing; to understand, inf. sisina, = nana; nu - , to hear 
or understand the meaning ; S!) sisi , V. to reach to the 
ground; ta n. k. sisi , to sit under S. th. , te sisi, S. ya 
sisi; tfa m. k. s isi , V. to be hard against s. b. , so as 
not to help him ; to sisi , V. inf. sisito, to lay the foun-
dation, to found ; tsa sisi, v. to dig the ground; tso 
sisi, V. info sisitsomQ, to show or teach the meanin g of 
s. th ., to interpret, compo dsie na , v.; to explain, to 
analize; ya sisi (te -) V. to go down , - - under s. th .; 
ye sisi, neg. b\) - , V. to be down ; to be under S. tb. ; 
yo - , V. to perceive the meaning etc. Compo sisi in 
Adn. 
siSiba, n . coming down. 
sisibimQ , D. asking of a reason. 
sisibumQ , D. lying under S. tho 
sisidse, D. beginning ; origin; foundation ; ff. dse siSi, V. 
sisidselQ, n. beginner; originator ; founder. 
280 sisigbe - siyire. 
s isigbe, n. way down-Ward ; descent; dec!ivily. 
siSile, n. knowledge, unders tanding, intelligence; = sisina, n. 
siSilQ, n. deceiver, fr. sisi, v. 
siSima, n. foundation; compo sisidse and sisito, n. 
sisimillQ, n. found er. 
sisimQ, n. stamp ing, fr. si si, V. 
siSimQ, n. deception, fro sisi, Y. 
sisina, n. knowledge, understanding, intelligence. 
siSinamQ, n. tho S. 
siSinG , n. instruction (received about s. th.). 
sDlralQ, n. person taking a walk. 
si.5ira mQ, n. taking a walk ; ya - , = slra iii , to take a 
walk. 
sisitfa , n. hardn ess. 
sisito, n. foundin g. 
sisit sa, n. digging of the ground. 
sisitsolQ , n. interpreter ; informator; explainer ; commenter. 
sis it somQ, n. interpretation, infprmation ; commentary. 
sisitsomQwolo , pI. - wodsi. n. commentary. 
sisiya, n. goin g down; descent. 
sisiyomQ. n. p.erception . 
sisiu, V. info siii iumQ , = siSi (Ot. sisi, sisiw) to deceive. 
sisiulQ, n. deceiver. 
sisiumQ, n. deceptioll; fraud. 
SitamQ, sitramQ , n. sitting down; session. 
silamQhe and 
sitramQhe, n. sitting-place. 
sit e, n. getting up ; arising; resurrection , fro te iii, V. 
siti, n. leech , bloodsucker. 
sitemQ. n. stumbling. 
sitemQno, pI. - nii , n. stumbling block. 
siLO. n. setting, settling down, pulling down of a load; 
fro to Sj. . V. 
sitfa, n. stricking or falling -down. 
sitfialQ. n. an outcast. 
sitfiamQ, 11. outcasting;· abjectedness. 
sitS a , n. digging the ground. 
sitSe, n. S. sidse, mischief etc. 
siwa, n. promising, promise. 
siwol!) , 11. promiser. 
siwulemQ, n. tumbling down. 
siyim!), n. descend; alighting. 
siyire (Ot. siyere), n. promised wife, bride, betrothed; 
compo ayemforo, 11. 
siu - srake. 281 
SJU, v. info siumg , to sink; - ng, to deny. 
siulg, n. denier. 
siumg , n . denying ; sinking. 
sla, V. s. sa and sala and sra ; to rot. 
sla, adj. rotten , stinking; = sala, sra. 
sIa si, v. s. slra si, to take a walk. 
so, adj. and adv. quietly, lonely ; fe - , to be lonely. 
SQ, v. info s!), to smooth; to file ; to grate; niisgno , gra-
ter; to rub; to plane; to lick ; S. to nii ang; lamg, V. 
s!), n. smoothing ; filing ; planing. 
Sg, pr. n. Wednesday. 
Sg na, inf. nas!) and nasgmg, to smooth the mouth, i. e. 
to kiss; to suck at S. th.; f. i. to suck the marrow from 
a bone. 
so, v. somg, to tear away, to snatch away; to rescue; so 
y!! m. k. d!lil, to snatch S. tho from s. b. 
so, inf. so, V. to form ; to get stiff (f. i. by cramp); - kpli-
kpli, V. to ' have convulsions. 
so gbll, n. info gbeSii, to make pots. 
so, n. forming, form; stiffness; potters-trade; S. gb!)so. 
sohe, n. pottery. 
soi , n. a kind of sea-fish. 
sQIQ, n. smoother; planer ; fro sQ, V. 
solg, n. rescuer; person sna,t.ching S. tho away; potter ; 
S. gb!)soIQ, n. 
somQ, n. tearing, snatching away; rescuing; fr. sO, V. 
sg mQ , n. piss-water = samQ , n. (obscene, S. nufiemg, n.). 
son, adv. far away. 
sososo, s6Sososo, adj. and adv. pointed, sharp; na sososo, 
shurp point; yiteil sosi5So, sharp top; pOintedly; sharply. 
sgtQ, n. red pepper; Cayenne pepper ; wo -, V. to pep-
per; to season with pepper. 
sQ tQba , n. pepper-leaf; - plant. 
SQtQtso, pI. - tsei, n. pepper-plant. 
sQtQw6, n. seasoning with pepper. 
sQtQyeli, n. pepper-eating. 
sQtQyelQ, n. pepper-eater. 
sra = sala, sara, pI. v. fro sa, v. to rot. 
sra = sala, sara, adj . rotten. 
sra si = sera si, slra si, V. info sisramg, to take a walk. 
srake, inL srakemQ, V. (fr. sa, samQ, sane , camp. § 27 
and § 12) to glide off, to slip out (by smoothness); to 
miscarry; to unstring dissolve (of beads); to come to 
shore (of fishermen). 
282 srakelQ - ta nQ. 
srakelQ, n. person or animal miscarrying. 
srakemQ, n. gliding , slipping out , off; miscarrying, abor-
tion ; dissolution (of beads); landing (of fishermen) . 
sr!) = Sflr l;) , pI. v. of sfl, v. to cast away. 
sr!)mQ = seremQ , n. casting away. 
srQke, v. inf. s rQkemQ , to be half-ripe ; 10 emit blood (from 
nose , mouth etc.) ; migugo s rQkf, I bled from the nose. 
srQkemQ, n. state of being halfripe (of fruits) ; bleeding, 
emission of blood (from nose, moulh etc..) . 
Before .u" the letter "s" becomes genera.lly "f", 
• u " being swallowed up by it , or changed into "i " 
or a sound r esembling the german "il" . 
sua , v., s. fa, v. 
sue, v., s. fe, v. 
SU!), v., s. f~, v. etc. 
T. 
Ta, v. pI. tara or tra , info la , tamQ , IramQ , imperat. sing. 
tal (Ot. tra, sa and te Adll. hi , which compare also in 
Ga); to touch; to be touched, moved; to sit; to plaster 
(set) ; to reach ; to chew; ke n. k. ta, ta touch with s. Ih. ; 
k!) m. k. ta , to sit with S. b., i. e .. 10 set , to have sea-
ted; k!) m. k. Ja na, to dispute with s. b. ; mli la, v. 
info mlita, to be inwardly touched, moved; Isui ta, V. 
to be heartily touched, moved. 
ta daD , V. to move the mouth, i. e. to chew. 
ta d!), ta d!)ll , n. to shake hands. 
ta he, pI. tra he, v. info heta, hetamQ, helramQ ; 10 louch 
(outwardly), berilQten, antilQten; to sit about; Qftum , 
fi~en . 
ta hewQ , V. tho S. 
ta hie, V. to sit before. 
ta rnIi, pI. Ira mli, v. inf. mlita , mlitamQ, mJitramQ , to 
louch the inside, to move inwardly; to stir, 10 stir up; 
to sit in s. th.; 10 set in (a piece of cloth into a dress) 
i. e. to mend. Eta tsu I!) mli or tSu leD, he sits in 
the room; - fiJi mli , v. to sit or ride in a carriage. 
ta na, pI. Ira na, V. info nata, natamQ, natramQ ; 10 touch 
the mouth, end, brim etc., to reach to; k!) m. k. ", V. 
to dispute with S. b.; to set at S. th, 
la DQ, pI. tra DQ, V. info DQta, -tamQ , - tramQ; to touch 
the surface; to surpass; to sit upon; to ride; la OkpQD9 
fig, to sit on horseback, to ride. 
ta se - tafiats!:l. 283 / 
ta se, pI. tra s!:l, v. info s!:ltamQ s!:ltramQ, to sit behind; 
to sit behind a higher person (king etc.) to assist. him; 
compo setrafoi , n . 
ta iii, pI. tra si, V. info sitamQ, sitramQ , to sit down , to 
sit, to be seated; kl;l m. k. ta iii, to sit with S. b. , to 
set S. b. down; eta iii yl;l t.su Ie mli, he sat (down being) 
in the room; compo eta ISu II;l mIi, he sat in Ihe room. 
ta iiisi, pI. Lra iii ii i, V. sisita, siSilamQ , iiiSitramQ , to touch 
or reach the ground; to stir up the bottom; 10 sit under 
S. th. ; aml;lLra 180 siiii, they sat under a tree ; ametra Iii 
ye tSo siSi, Ihey sat down undgr a tree ; ta kpatasi and 
ta kpata sisi, to sit under a roof. 
ta, n. touch ; war, wu -"-, to war, to make war, inf. tawu, 
warring, fighting in war ; army; compo asafo; Ot. sa, n. 
ta or til., n. touch? only used in the peculiar phrase: 18i 
til:, v . . to mention, info tatS!; els! miLa, he mentioned 
me; S. tSI tll, v. 
Hi , pI. tra COt. sa), V. info tii; to be done , au\'j fel)n; to 
have an end; generally used in the perf. tense, eta, it 
is done; sometimes used as auxiliary verb to express 
the nearness or completeness of an action; mife eta , 
1 have quite done it, 1 have almost done it; finished 
(comp. the negro c english of Sierra Leone: ,,1 done do" 
= 1 have done doing, 1 am ready); eSI;l eta, de si 
eta , it is qui le sufficient, it is quite near, it has 
qui t e arrived, it is almost at hand; etc. Adn. th o S. 
ta 10 or 
til. 10, V. to be thin, meager; info Iota. 
til., laba, taw a , n. europ. word, tobacco. 
tabe, n. time of war. 
tabii tabilQi, pI. n. warriors; members of the army. 
tabilQ, pI. -tabilQi, n. warrior soldier. 
Tabon, pr. n. (Iabon, litterally: "well"; a word of the 
portuguese black emigrants from the Brasils, now living in 
Akra or Ga, perh. portuguese , by which they are now 
called); the quarter of the. portuguese black emigrants or 
the place in whiche they live; their language, their re-
ligion, gen. mahomedan; now also applied to other black 
emigrants from the Westindies, Sierra Leone etc. 
Tabonnyo, pr. n., pI. TabOilfoi, Taboiltsemei, such a per-
son; pI. TabOnhi , such a man. 
Tabiin)'o, pI. - yei, pro n. such a woman. 
lallatse! (Ot. tafrakye!) int. excusing exclamation = salva 
venia! !1Rit !Refp~ct ~u mdben! if an obscene word or 
.284 tallats(lto - tanyo. 
expression is used ; compo kus e! to tallatse, V. to 
offer an apology in such cases. 
tallatihM, n. offering of an apology. 
tafitemo, n. loss of a battle, 
tallob6nto (= plete) n. europ. word , plate. 
tagbamo, n. arrangement of battle, S. gba la, V. 
tahe, n. ballle-field. 
tawuhe , n. tho S. 
take (contracted from t.amo ake, tanke, to be like as) = 
ake, conj. as, just. as ; like as; take boni , take beni ; 
tho S. (comp. bo , be, boni , beni) as, according to; mife 
take b!,)ni okfl mi IB, I did as thot} toldest. me. 
Taki , pro n. of males (very probably (Ot. = lakyi). 
tako , n. pad, polster to carry something on the head ; bo-, 
to roll a Pl!d. 
takobg, n. rolling of a pad (from a cloth). 
taku, n. a weight of gold about 6 pence worth. 
takotsa, n. sponge for cleansing the teeth, made of bark 
or fibres of a plant ; s. kotsa, n. and ta , V. to chew. 
talQ , n. joint of the body. 
talo, n. sitter ; toucher; fro ta , v. 
tam, adv. = pam ; much ; ever since, since; f. i. tam ne 
minako Ie , I have not seen him ever since. 
tami, n . a kind of sweet berries similar to ripe coffee. 
tamitso, n. shrub bearing them. 
tamo, n. sitting; mending, patching; fro ta, V. 
tamo , V. to be similar, to like, to be like; sometimes used 
as a formverb with defe.ctive forms = like , like as, as; 
f. i. tamo bQni oke Ie , as thou saidst; compo take, conj. 
tamQmQ, tamQ , n. liking; likeness. 
tail, info - mQ , V. to swear, = na ; f. i. miUlil mitse, ake 
mafe , I swear by my father, that I will dot it (s. Ot. 
ntam, n.). 
tail, adj. and adv. (Ot.) and 
tailtail or tantan, adj. and adv. ugly; deformed ; disgusting; 
dirty ; unpleasant , bad, ill; d..eformedly; Yf2 tail, to be ugly; 
fe m. k. tail, v. to disgust; efeQmi tall, it disgusts me. 
tanagbe, n. victory fro gbe ta na, V. 
tankpe , n. rope, rigging of vessels. 
tailtailfemQ, n. disgust; disgusting. 
tanQ, pI. - nii , n. something belonging to war or the army. 
tantra, n. a kind of seafish. 
tananyo, and 
tanyo, n. falling in war. 
tao - teo 
tao, neg. aor. taao and taoo, inf. taomQ, V. to seek; to 
want; to wish ; to desire; S. Ot. ta, taw , V. and fef(l 
and pe, V. AdI'l . hara , v. 
tao mli, info mlitaomQ, V. to investigate, to search. 
tao, n. dan. slate; ~ofd. 
tao S(l , inf. selaomQ, V. to seek after; tao segbe, V. tho S. 
taolQ , n. seeker, wisher. 
taomQ , n. seeking ; want; desire; wish. 
tara, pI. verb = tra, fro ta, v. · to sit, to touch. 
tasa, n. (europ. word); pewter-basin. 
tasamQ, n. preparation of war. 
tasane, n. war palaver; casus belli. 
talale, n. a kind of maize-cakes baked in palm-oil. 
tatata, adv. to and fro ; aflali.a Ie tfa tatala, the flag floats 
10 and fro. 
talse, n. lit. army -father; field-marshal; gclb9Qu\'tmanll; 
compo asafoiatsenukpa , n. 
t~tsi , n. menlioning, mention, fro tsi Hi, V. 
talSIlQ, n. mentioner. 
tatso, pI. -tsei, n. a tree with a bitter bark which is used 
as medicine. 
tatU, n. war-gun. 
taw a, n. europ. word, ' tobacco; nu -, to smoke = nu ble, v. 
tawabl!} , pI. - b!}dsi, n. tobacco-pipe. 
tawanulQ, n. smoker = blenulQ, n. 
tawanumQ, n. smoking, -= blenumQ, n. 
tawiemQ , n. war-speech; - palaver ; rum our of war ; and 
tahewiemQ , n. 
tawu, n. warring war; fr. wu ta, v. to war. S. la , n. 
tawulQ (gen. tabilQ), n. warrior. 
taya , n. going to war. 
tayo , pI. tayei. n. war - woman; woman attached to the 
army. 
I.e, defective verb, to go away, to go; in the present and 
imperfect tense of the posit. voice and in all the tenses 
of the negat. voice "ya" is used instead; of which also 
the infinit. form is taken. Compo the next. won!'· and 
bote, kite, Y. elc. Combined wilh "ke", "te" also is 
used as aux. V. = ya : ke-te , ke-ele, ke - ale (kate) 
to, unto. 
te, info temQ, Y. (to go away) to conceal one's self; 10 
hide; to conceal; ke-te, (0 conceal ; Ad. la, v.; te m. k., 
to - S. b., (0 be concealed to some body. 
286 te he - te si. 
_t e he, info hetp-mQ , v. to conceal one's self ; amete amehe, 
they concealed themselves. 
te hewQ, V. tho S. 
te hie , info hietemQ, V. to conceal before S. b. ; to be con-
cealed, to be hidden before ; ete mihie, it is hidden be-
fore my eyes ; to conceal one's self = te he. 
te mli, defect. v. S. te, deL V. to enter. 
te mli, V. info mlitemQ, to bide or be bidden in some place. 
te na, def. V. to go at; S. te, def. v. ; to get up from or 
before S. th. ; s. te si, v. 
te nQ, def. v. to go on or upon; s. te, def. V. 
te S!), def. v. to go behind; s. Ie, def. v. 
te se , k!)-te se, v. inf. setemQ; to conceal behind. 
te si, info site, v. to get up; to arise; to sland up. 
te sisi, v. def. to go down, under S. tho 
te sisi, inf. sisitemQ , V. to conceal under S. thing. 
te, n. dan. tea. 
te, ten, n. middle, midst'; adv. betwixt ; postposition; amidst 
among , amongst, in etc. As man, nyoli, moli, dan, etc. 
this word is generally used with the terminational aug-
ment "n" = mli, therefore lit. = middle - inside; but 
when used with the article "Ie" the augm. "n" joins 
this; f. i. ameteil, in their middle, amidst of them; amete 
len, in the middle of them. As the other postpositions; 
he, hie, mli, na, nQ , se, si, etc. ten can be connected 
with many verbs, as; ba ten (or te l!lli) to come betwixt, 
amidst, into or in the middle; b!l ten, to be not in the 
middle; bu ateli, to jugde (Ot. tho s.) is very probably 
a pluralform of bu ten; = consider between two -parties; 
damQ ten, to stand betwixt; dsa teli, to divide betwixt 
etc. Compare also the combination mliten, yiten, nyon-
ten etc. 
te-ten,- interrog. pron. how? te oyQ ten, how art thou? 
te ok!) ten, how didst thou say? te fe ten? te afe 
ten? how? te afe ten ni ak!lkomi ene da? how is it 
that this never has been told me? 
te, V. info ti} temQ, to stumble; to knock against; mite 
minanewao (t.e), I knocked my toe against (a stone); 
(camp. Ot. tia); to falter; na te si, info nasite, to faller 
in speaking; also used of a razor, when cutting the skin. 
Sometimes the plur. form tere is used. 
te si, pI. tele si, inf. sit.\i, sitemQ sit!lremg, with "na" as 
gram. subj. to falter; mina tere si, I faltered. 
te - t()IQ. 287 
t!), n. st.one; rock; compact mass, f. i. tunt() , gunstonc, 
ball; burden; cataract (of the e)'e); If a m. k. te, to cast 
a stone at s. b.; gba t(), 10 break stones from a quarr)', 
to quarr)'; sane ka te ko nQ, there is somelhing else 
behind the matter, prY. 
tli, n. stumbling, faltering; s. temQ, teremQ, n . 
. te (Ot. tew), v. to get or be clear; of water; of me~, 
w hen come to understanding; hie te, = hie Hie, v. to 
hav p. a clear face, surface etc. to have a clear unde,r-
standing. 
te-awale, n. tea-spoon. 
teba, n. tea-leaves. 
ted a or t()ida (s. tei), n. palm-wine. 
tebi, n. new looth (childrens language). 
tebu, n. stone-hole, quarr)'. 
tedsi, n. ass; donke)'. 
tedsibi, n. foal of an ass. 
tedsinu, pI. - hi, n. male-ass. 
tedsi),o, pI. - ),ei, n. female-ass. 
tegba1Q, n. stone-breaker, quarry-man. 
tegbamQ, l ()gblamQ, n. stone-breaking, quarr)'ing, fro gba 
te, V. 
te, t!liJ, and 
tei (and teltso, pI. -tsei), n. palm-tree producing the com-
mon palmoil and palmwine; compo akokostso; ametsrQ-
bitso, wi()tso, sontso etc. and ilmetso, n. 
teheniitsumQ, t()iniitsumQ, n. palmtree work. 
tekamQ, n. sLone pavement; fro ka I(), V. to pave. 
teke, v. info tekemg, to jump, to leap; to be over and 
above; to overflow etc.; compo tii, kii nQ, V. 
teke nQ, V. inf. nQtekemQ (to jump ovtlr; to leap over), 
to be over, superflous; compo kii nQ and tu, v. 
tekelQ, n. one who jumps over. 
tekerng, n. leaping, jumping over; superfluity; S. nQteke-
rnQ, n. 
tek()tre, n. dan. tea-kettle. 
tekope, n. tea-cup. 
tekpulu, pI. - kpudsi, n. tea-jug. 
ti'le, v., S. ter.e, V. 
tell), pI. v. of t(), S. ter() , pI. v. 
telo, n. gum; flesh round the teeth. ' 
telo-asane, n. boil at the gum. 
telQ, n. cone-ealer. 
telQ, n. person stumbling (falterer); 5. nasitelQ, n. 
288 Tema - terema. 
Tema , pro n. of a sea-town betwixt Nunwa and Gbugbra, 
in the Adiinme-country (prh. from te, n. stone and rna, 
n. building, stonebuilding , sLonetown ; romp. the neigh-
bour·town "Tesi". There are good building stones near 
bolh of th em) . 
temQ , n. eoneealing , hiding. 
temQbe, n. hidden time . . 
temQhe, n. hidden place ; hiding place. 
temQsihlle, n. hidden life. 
l.emQna, n. hidden art. 
temQsane, n. hidden matter ; mystery ; c9mp. dunsane, n. 
temQwiemQ , n. hidden, mysterious word. 
ten, n. middle ; S. te, n. 
ten, inter. pron. S. te - ten. 
teno, pI. - nii , n. some thing of stone. 
tenQ , n. surface of a stone; adv. on a stone, = firmly. 
t~o , = te, Ot. tell' (= tse), v. to be clear. 
teo, info teomQ ; Ot. tell', to plant, transplant (plants al-
ready planted ; S. du, v. ); to watch or lay in wait for; 
to floal ; eteo nu Ie hIe, it floats on the water. 
teolQ, n. planter, trans,planter of trees; ~aum~ i'Ie!)tnj compo 
dfllQ and hlilQ , n. , and kosenyo and okwafonyo, n. 
t\lomQ, n. planting, transplanting of trees and plants. 
teomQba, n. plant for transplanting. 
teomQM, n. til1)e or season for transplanting. 
teomQbu, n. hole for transplanting. 
teomohe, n. place " 
teomQIia, n. art of " 
teomQt.so, pI. - tsei, n. tree for transplanting. 
tere, inf. teremQ , = tire , tre, V. to carryon the head ; 
to lift on S. body's head for carrying ("finem auffJrIfen") ; 
to elevate itself; to swell, eheko tere, he got a swelling 
from a fall; fie!) aufbeben I aufb,lumrn j to trouble or 
plague one (with words); compo wo, hIe , tra kOli, !So-
tSoro, V. etc. 
tere, pI. V. of te , inf. teremQ, to stumble frequenUy; to 
falter; S. na te si, V. 
terelo', n. carrier (on the head); hammockman. 
terelQ, n. stumbler, fa lterer, S. nasiterelQ , n.; fro tere ,. pI. 
of t.e , V. 
terema (t1rema , trerna) , n. cowries; Ot. tho s.; - ke sika, 
cowries and silver-money; - yi , one head of - ; - kpa, 
one string of -; kane - , V. to count -; fite or ye - , V. 
to use or spend -; etc. Compo hIeo, kpii, tsakpo, n. 
teremafitelQ - 1()t.rgmantrgfliIQ. 289 
t.eremafileIQ, - yelQ, n. user or spender of cowries. 
teremafitemQ , - yeli, n. use or spending of cQwries; see 
. fite, v. and ye, v. 
teremakanelQ, n. cowries-counler. 
leremakanemQ , n. cowries-counting. 
terema-akonta, n. cowries-account. 
terema-adeka, n. cowries box. 
teremakotoku, - flQtQ, n. cowries-pag. 
leremasane, n. cowries-palaver. 
teremals(), n. possessor of cowries; rich man; s. niiatSe, 
sikatse, n. 
teremQ, n. carrying on the head; putting on s. b. 's head 
for carrying. 
tergmQ, n. stumbling, faltering; s. t(l an,d t(lre, v. 
t~ret!ire (and Iretre), adj. and adv. quick; -ly; wie - , v. 
to speak quickly. 
t!l6a, n. lit. stone-bed; rock. 
tesagon, n. stony, rocky hill or mount. 
tesahe, n. rocky place. 
Tesi, pro n. ("understone, stoneland"); of a seatown 5 miles 
east of Osu. 
Tesinyo, pI. - hi, n. man from Tesi. 
Tesinyo, pI. - bii , - mei, n. T!)s iman, - people. 
Tesiyo, pl. -yei, n. Tesiwoman. 
Tete, pr. n. of firstborn sqns (Comp. Dede of firstborn girls; 
T(lte, mase. and KQkQ, fem. of sec. children; Mesa and 
Mansa, of the 3., Anan and Botso, 4.; Anum and Ma-
num, 5.; Nsia and SalSa, 6.; AlSon, m. and f. , 7. ; Botfe, 
m. and r. , 8.; Akron, m. and f., 9.; Badu, m. and r., 10.; 
taken with the exception of Tete, Dede , Tete, Koko 
and Tsotso, from the Otyi numerals). In Tesi are also 
olher names used, perh. from the Dailme. 
T \lte, pro n. of second sons. 
teteo, v. inf. - mQ, to float, to overflow (fr. teo); hIe -, v. 
to be sad; compo tQtgto, adj. 
tetete, adj. brackish (of water). 
tetete (s. Ot. tete, n.) = bebe, adj. and adv. old; from the 
beginning. 
tetra, pI. leitfiamQ, n. peting; stoning. 
tetre , adj. and adv. wide , broad; -ly; -: compo Ie, v. ga-
dsa, adj. wuya, adj . etc. " 
tetremantre ,' n. tetremante, n. trumpet ; waterplant like a 
trumpet; flj - , v. and kpa - , v. to blow the-. 
tetremantcefliIQ, - kpaiQ, n. trumpeter. 
Zi m IU er maD D, Akra-Vocab. 19 
290 tetremantretlimQ - ti. 
t~tr~mantretlimQ , - kpamQ , n. blowing of the trumpet. 
tetSo, pI. -t sei, n. stone-tree , stone-wood ; a hard wood 
of white Coolonr. 
\.fa, subj. and obj . pI. tria, info tfa, tfiamQ , V. 'to be stricken; 
to fall; to strike, to hit ; to cast. ; to fire; to knock ; 10 
knock to and fro ; t.o boil ; to be cast away. Tfa no, 
pI. tfia nii , V. to strike with S. th.; - odso, v. inf. odso , 
tfa , to kidnap, to catch men for sale ; - oti, inf. otitfa, v. 
to shoot at the mark ; - si , inf. sitfa , pI. sitfiamQ ; to 
strike down, to fall down = lu si; to be abased , cast 
away , an outcast (Nyu,orfen fl'~n) ; - sisi , inf. sisitfa, to 
be hard against s. b. = fe m. k. ablo; tfa te, V. info 
tetfa, to cast a stone; etfami te , he cast a stone at me; 
tfia tei, inf. teitfiamQ , to pelt with stones ; to stolle; 
tfa ISo, illf. tsotfa, v. to strike with a stick; etfami tso ; 
tfa til, info tlitfa, V. to fir e a gUll; - okplem, - a cannon 
etc.; hie tfa he nQ , info henQhIetfa, = hie kpa he nQ, V. 
to forget one's self; comp o also: ot.fasioi6gbo! (fall down 
and die!) a curse and n. = pestilence. 
tf3, n. stroke, fall, cast ; boiling ; pI. tDamQ, n. 
tfa! tfia! illt. fye! shame! ~fui! etc. S. also: tSa! tsia! 
tsaka! 
tfa:, tfanI, adj. tough; ~iiD. -
tfalQ, n. striker, knocker etc. 
tfakoy>, n. a kind of hose 01' breeches. 
tfapia, n. chewing stick 10 cleanse the teeth with. 
tfem, adv. = kwa, entirely, together ; fe - , all together. 
tfllre m. k., info tferemQ COt. tfere or tyere, to lean); to 
perform a certain ceremony for a. person violently or 
suddenly' killed in leaning or setting him on a chair and 
rubbing him over with white clay. 
tfere, atJere, n. ladder; S. atf. - tfrebo, n. flint. 
tfere and tfetf~r!i, adj. small and sharp (used of the human 
frame). 
tfetfe, V. inf. -mg, to be joined together by cords etc. 
tfetfemg, n. joining, binding together. 
tfia (or tSia) , inf. Wamg, v. to walk, manly, proudly. 
tfiamQ, n. striking, falling (of many things) etc.; s. tfa, 
pI. tfia, V. 
tfiamg, n. proud, manly walk; S. tsiamg, n. 
ti, info tile, U and timg, v. to be thick, strong, palpable, 
to c10y; to touch; to scratch; to prick; to eat with the 
fingers; to pick; to sting (but s. lse, v.), to pierce , to 
walk or stumble like spiders (in Fables); m. k. sika ti, n. 
ti hie - 'titfa. 291 . 
s. b. 's gold is thick, i. e. he is rich ; camp. kpQtQ. Re-
dup!. v. titi; camp. also kpiti, v. at. tho s. 
ti hie, V. to scrateh or prick one's face; to cast s. tho into 
. some body's teeth ; info hrett 
Li musu, v. to prick one's belly; used as the former ; info 
musuti. 
ti nQ, inf. nQtimQ , V. t.o stumble upon s. b. to come upon 
S. b. unexp ectedly. 
ti nsro , V. to be faithful to t.he mas te r; t.o fei gn faithful" 
ness; to dissemble, to play the hypocrite; in!. 'nsrotimQ, 
ilsront.i, n. 
ti iii, v. to st.umble, to sit down as children do when they 
try to st.and ; s. h(l si, V. 
t.1, n. scratching etc. 
't i, ali, n. head (at.) , point, mark; tfa -, v. to shoot after 
lhe lIJark; inf. 
' tilfa, otitfa, n. mark-shooting. 
Li, n. lump of any thing, as fat etc.; S. at. ti = head ; 
a kind of medicin of the head of a snake and some 
leaves pulverised. 
tia, v. info - mQ, to scratch together (mon ey); to gather, 
spare, to hoard ; to join, ae-company s. b. 
tiafi (Fanti word), n. privy; tsonQ , kana, n. etc. 
tialQ, n. gath erer, hoarder of money; sparing person ; com-
panion, joiner. 
tiamg, n. scratching together,. gathering , sparing; joining, 
accompanying. 
tiki, v. inf. - mQ, to burst, to open; to break through (f. i. 
a lllgune or river through the sandbar); camp. fe; gbu, 
ba, V. 
tikilg , n. person bursting or opening s. tho 
tikimQ , n. bursling, opening , breaking through etc. S. fe, 
felemQ, n. 
tile, n. thiekness, fro ti, V. 
timg, n. stumbling; thickness; strength fro ti, v.; camp. 
ti, n. and tile, n., also Uti, V., titimQ, n. 
tip ~, t.ipeil , n. contemporary; ~I!tertjgenoffe; ke m. k. fe- , 
to be as old as S. b.; S. ye m. k. onukpa, gbeke etc. 
tipeilfemQ , n. !lHter~genoffcnfd)aft; contemporariness. 
lire , V. S. tere, v. 
t'irema, n. S. terema and trema, n. 
t'i'rom, n. garden, S. tram. 
' titfa, otitfa, n. shooting after the mark, fl'. tfa oti, V. 
19 * 
292 ' tit!aIQ - 10 nane. 
' tit!aIQ, ot., n. marks-man. 
liti , n. a small ni ce bird. 
tIt! (reduplication and corroboration of ti), v. inf. titimQ, 
10 scratch; to pick with Ihe 1l.ngers ; to tickle; he 1m, v. 
inf. hetmmQ, v. 10 be tired of laziness = he hla ; mihe-
ntitimi , I am tired , ic!) filQle lun(\e ®eik Ot. tho s.; 
compo also kpiti, v. and wo dQkQdiki, V. 
tHUQ , n. scrat cher, tickler. 
tltlmQ, n. scratching; tickling ; compo wamQ , n. 
titrf, adj. thic.k , st.rong , excellent (fl'. Ii, v.). 
litri, adv. especiall)'. 
tl - see under tr. 
t o, V. inf. to (Ot.. tho s.), to la y; 10 kee p ; to lay down, 
10 cut down , inC tomQ, to cut ; to put down a load , 
to 10 d g e --:- m. k. no , to lodge with S. b.; to tak e 
down S. b. load , S. to si; etc.; ke hIe to n. k. no , to 
animadvert ; to advert, to think. The word is very ex-
tensively used , but can generally be explained by the 
significations mentioned; only 0 neuse ' is difficult, sc. 
as an aux. v. to express th e relation of foresight , as 
sometimes the adv. "before" , "already", "against " in 
Eng\. , f. i. mik ~ mit6 , I said it before; mitra sika mito 
homQ , I gathered money a g a ins t hunger ; misa mihe 
mito wo, I preparcd myself for to morrow etc. Compo 
also the aux. V. na and the adv. momo. 
to afa , v. inf. afato, to put aside, away; auf6ebm. 
to afla, V. to make a sling or loop ; nm!) afla, tho S. 
to fa, inf. raW,' v. to build a swish-wall; mud wall, claywall. 
to he, V. inf. het5, hetomQ ; to lay or put about; to cut 
short; to answer (comp. here no); 10 compare, ke n. k. 
to n. k. he, to c.ompare S. tho with S. tho 
to hIe , V. info hie to , to direct the face ; - - n. k. no, 
- - upon S. th.; S. ke hIe 10 no , v. 
to kpa, v. inf. kpaW, 10 commit a detes table thing , to 
blame one's self; compo kpa, n. bO fo, V., bQ he 
ahora, V. 
to rna, inf. maW, V. to put bread (dough) into the oven 
(dn[c!)ieiien) . 
10 man, inf. manIa, to found a town; to build a town. 
to mli, info mliW, V. to put into, to lay into _ (einlegfn). 
to na, inf. nato, to lay or put at, anlegm. 
to nadsian, inf. nadsiailto, v. to rccompence, to retribute. 
to nane, inf. naneW , v. to walk or march in measured 
sleps f. i. in carrying a hammock. 
to rio - tg. 
to ng, inr. ngto, to lay or put upon, on; aufl~~m, brauf· 
I~gen; to repeat; to smooth (lr iron cloth; to nii ang, v. 
tho S. 
to m. k. no, v. to lodge with S. h. 
to se, info seto, V. to put hack, aside ; to delay; to put 
behind; ljintedep,en, nad)le~en; lJerfd)ieben; to provide for. 
to si, inf. sito, to lay or put dQwn, esp. the load; to rest 
in the way; to lodge ; to give into S. h. charge; compo 
b1i m. k. n. k. sito , to give s. tho into s. b. charge;- to 
m. k. si, to take s. h. load down (Ilbbdfen); (lbleg~n, 
nicber!c~en, binterlcgen, abfMlrn, etc.; to tSuL si, to yi 
si = nme tsui si, to have patience; Ot. to bo ase, V. 
to si§i, info sisito, V. to lay or put under S. th .; to lay the 
~undation. 
to tsui si, inf. tsuisito, V. and 
to yi iii, inr. yisito, V. to have patience. 
to, n. small cattle (Hebr. IN::l); sheep or goat; f. i. to 
gwanteli, sheep; to abotia, goat; to agbo, ram; to kpa-
kpo, he-goat; Ie toi, V. to keep or raise small cattle. 
'to, nto, n. toll, tax. 
'to, nto, n. a kind of grass. 
'to, interrog. particle, S. nto and te-ten. 
to, n. setting, ordering , putting away; ff. to, V. 
tQ, V. pI. tgfg, trg, info to, tromg, to he full; t'o be sa-
tisfied; - nma, - with food; but impersonally used: to 
be tired; f. i. mitg, I am satisfied; ametrg, they al'e - ; 
etgmi, I am tired, etrgame, they are fired; but gbenyle-
mg Ie elQmi, the journey has tired me. 
tQ biti, V. = tg pili, V. to faint. 
tQ da, inf. clatO, V. to be full of strong drink, to be drun-
ken ; ametrQtrg da, tht:y were altogether or every-where 
drunken. 
tg mu, tQ mum, inf. mutQ, V. berjtummen j to grow dumb, 
speechless. . 
tQ owele, inf. oweleto, V. to revenge; tQ n. k. or m. k. 
he owele, to revenge S. h. or some thing. 
tQ pili, V. inL pitito, Ot. tho s., to fall into a swoon; to 
faint. 
to so, to m. k. so, inf. soto, to accuse S. b. innocently = 
ke so fo m. k. no; compo so, n. 
to , n. fulness; satiely; weariness; adv. fully; yi to = yi 
obO, oMbO, obobobii, to be quite full. 
294 tg - toi. 
to, n. baILIe, esp. calabash -bottl e, but also any similar 
vessel; compo atUIikpa, abgdiamg, no , n . • To ke mu, 
a bottle with oil; tg k() dn, - - with wine, etc. 
to, inf. tomg (Ot. tho s.), to mistake, to make a mistake, 
to transgress; to disturb; to entangle, confuse; to be 
perplexed. to be in danger, perplexity; s. t!ito, v.; na 
to , inf. natomQ, to be perplexed, confused in speech; 
to transgress with the mouth; yiwala to, to be in danger 
of life. 
to kita, V. to transgress an oath or command; inf. kita-
!omQ. 
to mli, V. to disturb or confuse the inside. 
to mra, or - mIa, V. to transgress the law ; info mratomQ. 
to na, V. to transgress against the mouth , word of s. b. ; 
to disturb one's words; s. totO na, V. 
to no , inf. nQtCimQ, v. to transgress ; = to; to sin or do 
wrong against; eto minQ , he did wrong against me. 
toagb6, to agb6, n. ram; S. to, n. 
logbanlen, togbanten = togwanteli, sheep; S. to, n. 
tobi, n. young small cattle, lamb or kid, S. 10, n. 
tofe, n. dung of small cattle. 
tofu, n. bubble. 
togbe, n. slaughter of small cattle. 
togbi, n. appointed day, S. t9, V. 
tohe, n. place where the loads are put down; rest.ingplace; 
place where S. tho is kept; treasury; lodging; inn; see 
gbQialOhe, n. 
tohetSe, n. inn-keeper, host; S. gbgiatolQ, n. 
~ohetsQi , n. lit. sheep- or goats-hair (sheep bave scarcely 
any wool in this country); wool; S. kuntd. 
tohetsQino, pI. -nii = kuntfmo, some thing woolen. 
tohetsu, n. keeping -, treasury-room. 
toi, n. ear; ba -, v. info taiba, to give or bow the ear; 
be toi, to have no ear; i. e. to disobey; bo -, info toi-
bo, V. to obey, to listen; bomi toi, listen to me, obey 
me; compo nu, 1.; eboole toi, he was disobedient to 
him; fii -, info toifii and toifamQ, to take out the ear 
to listen; fe -, to make an ear, to listen; gba toi, to 
give a box, pI. gbla toii, v., toigba, toiigblamQ, lit. to 
draw the ear, - m. k. - , to take S. b. by the ear, i. e. 
to correct, to punish him; gbe toi, scarcely used, V. to 
kill the ear, make listless, disobedient; gbo toi (s. toi 
gbo, v.), V. inf. toigbo, toigbomg, toigbele) to be dead 
in the ear, to disobey; to be disobedient; ha toi, info 
toi ba - toigba. 295 
toihamQ, to give ear, to hearken; to listen; mu toi, info 
toimt1, V. to be deaf ; sa toi, see toi sa, v.; lSi toi, V. 
pl. tsimQ toii, tsi toin, v. info toitsimQ, tointSimQ, to 
stop the ear; to fill one's ear with prattle; wa toi, info 
toiwale, = toi wa, V. to be of a hard ear; wadse toi, V. 
to harden the ear, info toiwadsemQ; wo toin, to put 
into the ear, to suggf'st, to wisper to ;to insinuate; yi 
toi, to fill the ear (with prattle etc.); bie DQten tloU 
mad)en, kpa wo m. k. toi, tho S. lit. to trumpet into 
S. b. ears, used like the former etc. Compo also Ot. 
aso and asom. 
toi ba, V. S. ba toi , to listen. 
toi dSQ, loin dSQ, inf. toindsQI~, V. to have or be at rest 
with the ear, to hear no disturbance or palaver, to have 
peace = he dSQ'; Ot. asom d)o, tho S. 
toin fe hen, the ear rings. 
toin gbe, V. tho s., 
toi gbo, info toigbo and toigbele (= gbo toi ), V. to have 
a dead ear, to be listless, disobedient; to disobey. 
toi mli, toimli, toin, n. inside of the ear. 
toi mu, S. mu toi, V. to be deaf; inf. toimt1. 
toi sa, V. info toisal!) , toinsa l ~, to be of a fit, ripe ear 
(comp. sa, he sa', hIe sa etc.), to know, to obey; but 
generally used ironically from the contrary, to be dis-
obedient = toi wa, n. 
toi wa, info loiwal!), toinwal!), V. to have a hard ear, to 
be disobedient = toi gbo, toi sa. 
toiasafoku, toiakutu, n. flock of small cattle. 
loiakw!)IQ , toial!)IQ, n. shepherd, raiser or keeper of small 
cattle = tokw!)IQ, and 
toiats!). pI. -lsemei, tho S. 
toiatsu, n. sheep- or goat-stable or yard. 
toiba, n. obedience; listening ; fro ba toi; = toibo, n. 
toibalQ , n. (scarcely used) obedient or listening person = 
toibolQ. 
toibo, n. listening , hearkening; obedience. 
toibolQ, n. obedient person. 
toibosane, n. maller of obedience. 
toidsQle, s. toiildsQl!). 
toidsi:l, n. sheep- or goat-stealing. 
10ifiimQ, n. listening. 
toifemQ, n. tho s. 
tOigba, n. box, stroke on the ear; fro gba toi, V. 
296 t.oigblamQ - t.o16 
toigblamQ, n. correction, chasticement; punishment ; fro gba 
toi , V.; pI. gbla toi, V. 
toigbalQ , - gblalQ, 11. chasticer. 
toigbii, n. making di~obedient fr. gbe loi, v. 
toigbele, n. lit. death of the ear, disobedienc~, toiwale, 
fro gbo toi , V. and toi gbo, V. 
toigbo, n. and toigbomQ, n. th o S. 
toigboiQ , n. disobedient person. 
toihamQ , n. listening, obedience, fro ha toi, v. 
toihemQ, n. buying . of small cattle. 
toih6mQ, n. selling " 
toih6lQ , n. seller 
toima, n. deafnr.ss. 
toimulQ , n. deaf persen. 
toiIi , pI. toiiaIi , = toi mli, toii amli , n. inside of the ear. 
toiIino, pI. toiiaIinii, n. ornament of the ear, earring. 
toiIidsQle, n. peace , rest, Ot. asomrlyoe; = hedsQle, n. 
toiIidsQIQ, n. peaceful person; = hedsQIQ. 
toiIifla, n. boil in the ear. 
toingbamQ, toiiangblamQ, n. stroke on the ear, box; fro gba 
toin, V. toiri. 
toinsai!), toisale, n. fitness, but generally hardness of ear; 
disobediencf; fro toi sa, v. 
toinsalQ , n. (ironically) disobedient person. 
toiwa , toiwale, toinwale, n. hardness of ear; listlessness; 
disobedience. 
toiwalQ, n. a listless, disobedient person. 
toiwD, toinwo , n. wispering, suggestion into the ear; but 
see kpa wo m. k. toin; V. to admonish; to inculcate. 
toill'olQ, n. wisperer, suggl'ster. 
toinyimQ , n. striking on the ear or in the face ; fro yi 
toin, v. 
toiyimQ, n. filling of the ear (with prattle); fro toi yi, V. 
tQke , inf. tQkemQ, v. engl. from to talk; to prallle. 
tQkelQ, n. talker, babbler. 
tQkemQ, n. talk, prattle. 
tokota, n.; pI. tokotai, sandals. 
tokotakpelQ, n. sandal·maker. 
tokotakpe, n. sandal-making. 
tokpakpo (Ot. papo), n. he-goat; S. to, n. 
tokwelQ, n. shepherd; S. toialelQ, toiatse, n. 
tol!lIQ, toialelQ, n. raiser of small cattle. 
tolQ, n. keeper etc. fro to, v. 
tol6, n. morning-sLar; pro n. of women. 
tg1g - trakte. 297 
tglg , n. a person full of s. th., only used in compounds. 
tolg, n. transgresser etc., fro to, v. 
'tomo, atomo, n. batata, sweet potato. 
tomg, = to, n. cutting; felling of trees. 
tomg, n. transgression, fault; mistake ; disturbance, perple-
xity; danger; fro to , v. 
tomQfa, n. forgiveness of transgression. 
tomgno, pI. - nii , n. act of transgression, punishment or 
fine for transgression. 
toni , n. lady-bird (?) . 
toni, n. a kind of dung-beetles, s. koklogbanting, tho S. 
tonlon, pI. - toi, n. mosquitoes. 
torom, n. S. trom. 
IQrg, V. pI. form of tg, V. 
toto, n. husk ; bark; trash; scale; shell etc.; he - tolo , the 
natural covering of trees, plants, seed; also of fish etc. 
totokplgmg, n. taking or breaking off of the husk, bark, 
scale, etc.; S. kpg, v. 
toto, to, adv. quietly. 
t\Jtgt!)tg, S. tg , adj. and adv. quite full , very full; fully; 
quite full ; full to overflowing, S. teteo, V. 
19t!)lg, adj. and adv. sad; sadly (of face espec.); hIe fe or 
hie ye -, V. to have a sad face; compo teteo, v.; [uU 
to overflowing, as "the former word. 
toto, inf. totomg (redupl. of to, v.), V. to entangle (thread); 
to be entangled; to disturb; to be disturbed; to perplex ; 
to be in perplexity, danger etc.; na toto, V. inf. natoto-
mQ, to have a disturbed mouth; to be disturbed or en-
tangled in speaking; oha mina etot6 , thou hast disturbed 
my speech; S. also te, pI. tere , na te , v., tho S. 
toto he, V. info helotomg , to disturb about. 
hie, v. info hletotomg, to confuse the face. 
mli, V. info mlitotomg, to confuse the inside. 
na, V. inr. natotomg, to confuse the mouth, word, 
speech. 
sisi, v. info sisitotomQ, to confuse the meaning. 
" yin, V. inr. yintotomQ, to confuse the mind. 
totolg, n. disturber. 
totomQ, n. entangling; disturbance; perplexity ; danger. 
tOll, or 
tow. .. fie nQ. double v. to cover one's self (with cloth). 
tra, pI. form of la, V. to touch ; to sit; info traml); s. 
tra, V. in Ot. 
trakte, n. dan. funel. 
298 tralgi '- tsa. 
tralQi, trafoi, n. people sitting. 
tramg, n. sitting of many; touch. 
trasianam (Ot.) , also tasianam, n. carriage. Compo tra 
ase, y. to sit and nan, n. foot, nam, V. to walk in Otyi. 
tralso, pI. - tSei, n. a kind of trees with beautiful red wood; 
the timber of it. 
tre , = tere or tire, V. to carryon the head: to put on 
S. body's head. 
tre = tere, pI. form of Ie, v. to slumble. 
trema, S. terema, Ot. tho S. n. cowries. 
tremasugb6, n. a kind of sweet pap made of maize (perh. 
an Ayigbe-word). 
trill, adv. talkatively; wie -, to speak too much, to make 
many words, Mt. 6, 7. 
trilIwiemQ, n. = tgkemg, talk. pralHe. 
lrg , pI. V. of to, to be full, satisfied , 10 tire. 
tr6, n. satiely, fulness; tiredness (of many). 
Iroi, n. (europ. word) jacket. 
trgke, info trgkemg, V. (= ' kprgk'e) to loose, to let s. tho 
fall; f. i. a piece of clothing. Compo yeroke, srgk~, 
srake, frake etc. § 27. 28. 
trgkemg, n. loosing. 
trom, = to rom, Ill'om, n. Ot. tho S. garden, park, if walled 
in, compo abQ, n. limon, n. 
tromoii, pI. n. things in or belonging to a garden. 
trBma, adj. and adv. straight; straightly; smooth, -Iy. 
trgIng , n. satiely (fr. trQ, pI. of tQ, compo 10, n.). 
tromniitsumg, tromtsumQ, n. gardening, garden-work. 
tromoiitsulg, tromtsulo, n. gardener. 
tromkwelg , n. tho S. 
tromsalg , n. tho S. 
trolro, adj . and adv. smooth; smoolhly; compo dem, d~ii, 
adv. tho S. fe -, V. to be smooth. 
trotrofemg, n. smoothness. 
truka, adv. at once; :plii~li~. 
trutu, n. a kind of land-crpcodile, S. mampam, n. 
trumu, n. ungratefulness; adj. ungrateful; fe -, V. to be 
ungrateful. 
trumufelg, n. ungrateful person. 
trumufemg, n. ungratefulness. 
tsa, info tsa, V. to dig (in the ground); to excavate; a 
peculiar expr. is latsa tsa, info latsat§a, to feel heat; to 
get into perspiration; latsa Isami, I felt hot, I perspired; 
compo latsa, n. 
tSa he - tsalQna. 299 
tSa he, info helsa , V. to dig about. 
tsa iii, inf. sits a , V. to dig up. 
tSa iiisi, inf. sisitsa, V. to dig the ground, down, unller 
s. tho 
ga, n. digging ; excavation. 
t sa  (with elevation of voice), info IsamQ, pI. tsra, info tsramQ, 
a. and n. v. to 'fit , join (comp. dsa, v.); to close up 
holes etc. f. i in a wall , pot; to menl, s. sa; to plaster 
(generally in the pI. form); compo 0~1 ; to ball, to make 
balls or lumps (of flour etc.) = bQ, V. . 
tS~ he, pI. tlira he, info hetsamQ, hetsrarrfQ, to fit, join; 
10 menl; to plaster about. 
LSI! hewQ, V. Ih. s. 
tSil. hIe , V. hielsamQ, to join, to ment, to heal the face 
or front. 
LSa mli, V. inf. mJitsamQ, to join, ment, plaster , heal the 
inside, inwardly. 
\Sa na , inf. natsamQ , v. 10 join the end or edge (f. i. of 
two boards); to fit at;' etc. to continue. 
tsa nine, -nidsi, info ninetsamQ, V. to fold the hands. 
tsa nQ , inf. nQtsamQ, to join or fit upon or on; to con-
tinue V. a. and n. 
tsa se, V. to join behind etc. 
lsa sisi, v. to join the bottom, ground; to ment the bottom 
of a pot f. i. 
Usa, \Sail, adj. and adv. tough; dry; toughly, drily; f. i. 
wui Wi, dry bones; S. also tfa, IfanI ; Ih. S. 
tsafutsafu, adj. · and adv. sQft; softly. 
tsallQ, IsafrQ and tsafrQbi, n. a small kind of sharks, which 
are eaten (s. ogbolele, n.). 
tsake, info tsakemQ , Ot. sakra, V. 10 change; - tsui, - - the 
heart. 
tsakelQ, n. changer. 
tSakemQ, n. rhange; exchange; alteration. 
tiiakpo, n. half a siring of cowries, or II, part ' of a penny; 
20 cowries (Ot. tepo); compo kpa, n. 
Isakpo tsakpo, half a string each. 
tsakoto, n. a kind of short trowsers; S. tfakoto, n. 
tSaka, inter. expressing contempt = tfa, tlia! tush! 
lsaJ.aliiaka, adj. and adv. disorderly = sakasaka. 
tsalQ, n. digger (in the ground)', fl'. tSa, V. 
IsillQ, n. joiner, fitter, mender; physician, healer; fro lsa, V.; 
compo tsralQ and tsofalse, mensre, n. 
tSalQila, n. healing-art; medical art. 
300 tSalgillino - t5e he. 
tsalgnano , pI. - nii, n. chirurgical instruments. 
tS4 mg , n. joining, fitting ; join ; fitn ess ; healing, medical art. 
tSanI, adj. = tSii , tfa, tfanI , tough ; adv. toughly . 
tSani, n. trap for fishes in rivers. 
!Satsa, n. st.raw-matress. 
tSalsafelg , - filg, n. matress-maker. 
tSatsafemQ, n. matress-making . 
tsatsaholg, n. matress-seller. 
tSatsu, pI. tsa tsubii, n. a kind of black ants, biting very 
painfully ; c<1mp. gaga, gbese, fQt e etc. 
t s e, v. ; inf. tsemg seldom 18e), pI. tsert', inf. tseremo and 
tSremg and tseremQ? , t.o com e off , to get loose (comp. 
dse, v.); to loose , take off ; to pluck; to rend (v . a.), 
generally pI. form , f. i. atade Ie, etsere, the dress . is 
rent; to rend open (of clouds), to open, to clear up 
(of the firmament. , compo I.ew in Ot.) ; . to be or get clear, 
pure; holy; , (comp. tsu, v.); to deduct. , to fine in mon ey 
(deducted from wages elc.; etsemi ,Yi, he fin ed me for 
a head cowries. The word is most frequ ently used with 
grammatical subjects or objects connected with it , the 
form er compounds are especially the following : dan gp, 
info dantsemg , to feel an agreeable tasle afler having 
eaten S. th o tasteful ; midan etsemi; den tSe, info dentse-
mg, to have clean hands (also tropi'Cally used) ; dsen tse 
and dse tsere, info dsetseremg, to become daylight (s. dse, 
dsen); to be clear or become clf'ar (weather), inf. of 
the latter dsenlsemg; he t 5.e (Ot. ho tew) , info hetse 
al1d hetsemQ, to be dean (about); to be pur e, hoI y; 
hie ts e, inf. hlelsemg, to have a clean, clear, pure sur-
face or face (comp. also te, v. and hie te, v.); to go 
off with the face , to long for home , pas time; to be 
homesick, info hletsere , hietsele, compo hie tso (ani dan 
in Ot.) V. tho S. and hie me (ani kye in Ot.) V. tho contr.; 
mli 15e, inf. mlitsemg, to be inwardly clean, pure; na 
tse , info natsemg, to have a clear, pure mouth, to speak 
clearly, correctly; ng tSe, inf. ngtsemg, to have a clean 
surface; sisi tse, inf. sisitsemg, to come forth or out 
with the root etc. The active verb answering to tse, 
to be clean, is tsu, V. to cleanse ; compo also tsotse, tse 
and lSe. - The objeetive combinations of tse are espe-
cially the following. 
t5e he, pI. !Sere he, info hetsemg, hetseremQ, v. to pluck 
round about. 
tse he kpa - ta e. 301 
tile he kpa , v. to excuse one's self ; lit. t.o loose the cord 
from lJne's self. 
tse mli , v. to pluck out; to take from , - - off. 
tse na , v. inf. natsemQ, to unseal ; to gainsay; to speak 
too mu~ ; etse sane I!} na , he spoiled t.he palawer by 
much speaking. \\ 
18e nQ , v. to pluck from above; to deduct ; info nQtsemri~ . 
!Be si, inf. sitse and sitsemQ , to be unruly, miscnievous 
etc. (Comp. dse si, tho S., which seems better) ; to shine 
brightly (of the moon). 
t ae , pt tsere, info tSe and tsele, v. to s ti c k into , to 
hook , 10 fasten by pins or hooks ; to stab, ets!}mi kakla, 
he stabbed me with a knife ; to lead each other by the 
arms; - tekle , to bind the underdress of males around ; 
see t!Jkle, n.; - boi, the S. of female und erdress , S. 
boi n.; to hang, loiter about , to delay, to be a lo ng 
time ago; ets!) ahu ye ds~i , he was a very long time 
there; sometimes used a~ aux. v. 10. express the adv. 
relation "a long time", f. i. eba ets!), he came it is long, 
i. e. he came a lon g time ago; compo also ds~k !}, ts!)ke, 
tfetfe , dse, v. etc. 
tS!) he, tse hewQ , V. to be long about S. th. , to stick or 
fix about. 
tS!) mli, V. to continue in S. th. , to stick or fix into. 
tS !) si , V. inf. SitS\) , to stick down , fix down with a pin ; 
to put a spade or digging instrument deep into the 
ground etc., S. tseke ii i, Y. tho S., also technical expres-
sion: to be fixed (of the roof of a house) . 
tS(i, n. slicking; hooking; fastening ; stabbing; length of 
time ; fro tse, Y. 
tse, inC. tSemQ, V. 10 call; to give a name; y a15!) ols!) 
ke-ba, go ca II thy father to come! te ats!)Q oten? how 
art thou called? Ats!)mi ak!) Anail, they call me Ana!'l, 
i. e. I am called Anail; atS ,mye ! you are called! Compo 
also dse, V. to scold. 
Ise m. k. taui nme emli, V. to call one's heart and lay it 
into him, i. e. to comfort him. 
ta e, info tsemQ , pI. form tser~, to shoot (f. i. branches, 
arrows, S. gai, n.; compo tae, V. and tS!), Y.); to begin 
to burn , kindle; to s ting (of bees, needles etc.); to 
deceiv~ in bargains etc. to stitch, to mend a hole by 
fillmg It up by stiches; (0 sting (use<1, ironically of wine, 
f. i. dii tse mina, the wine slinged or tickled my mouth, 
to dnnk too much, compo IInnjleci}en" in Germ.); to shoot 
302 
or fly like an arrow, to rush; to Spill , t.o t.wist, to twine; 
alwa)'s in the pI. form : tser1j abui , to thread a needl e; 
he Lse, v. inl'. hetSemQ , and hetse (lit.. the body rushes 
upon s. b. stings s. b.; germ. "auf cinen lo ~ fo l) renU) to 
hate ; mih e tsele , I hate him , = minyele; lfie tse, info 
q hietse, to awake (comp. tSle hie , v. to awaken); compo 
also 1i and titi, V. 
tse dlio , inf. dsotsemQ, V. to begin a dance; comp. siki 
dso, V. 
tse he, 1'. to stitch about, etc. 
tse ladso, ladsotsemQ , v. to spit. 
tse mi , info mitsemQ, v. to play with the "mi " - nut ; comp. 
tSe lime , v.; and mi , n. 
tse mli, int. mlitsemQ , V. to fill up by stitching. 
tSe na , 1'. an[ted)en , to make desire to eat or drink; dil 
tse mina ; compo tse, V. 
tse lime. inf. JimetsemQ, v" to play with the kernel of 
the palmnut by giving it a jerk with the fingers; S. tse 
mi, v. , a very common game played by young men under 
the shadow-trees of the streets. 
tse, n. chin ; beard about it ; = tseil, which see. 
tS!), tS(j Ji , adv. hardly; used of bellyache ; mimusu kOQmi 
tlie, my belly pains or gripes me hardly - ; s, also: df(i, 
adv. tho S. 
t s e, pI. tsemei, n. 1'a the r; elder person, especially rela-
tion ; possessor; author ; etc. citizen of a town or place, 
r. i. Akropolltsemei, citizens or people of Akropon; etc. 
compo §§ 21 , 23 - 25. Besides these the pI. form is 
sometimes used = mei, only to indicate a personal 
plural ; f. i. taboJin)'o, pI. tabOntsemei (mahomedan) emi-
grants from the Brasils , Westindie's etc. Compo also 
ata, n.; nye, n., bi n. and agya, tho S. in Ot. ; ::IN and 
?V::I in Hebrew. Ad. the same. 
tse (Hanson tsa , comp. also dsa , v. ) verbal conj ., still ; 
though ; notwith - standing; ekele fe, tse ewa hale, he 
told him all , though it was hard for him. Ad. tho S. 
and "if." 
tsebehl (tse be Ie), verbal conj. tho S. as the former j still, 
though notwithstanding ; bod), bennod), jebod); ohgleid); 
g(eid)lJ1ol)1 etc. Hanson: tsabele. 
tSebe, n. time of delay; staying t.ime. 
tsehe , n. place of delay ; staying place. 
tsebi --'- tse!e. 303 
tSebi, n. father-child; child of one father but of another 
mother, step-brother or sister, 6tiefgefd)roifler, respecting 
the mother ; camp. nyebi and nyemi , n. 
tSebinu, pI. - bihi, n. step-brother of one father and a dif-
ferent mother. 
ts~biyo , n. step-sister of one father and a different mother. 
tSeM, n. respect to the father. 
!Sede, tsedeIi. , n. fath ers hand, power. 
tSedseIi., n. father's life, character; s. dse, n. 
tsedsQmQ, n. fathers blessing, 
tSegbe, n. father-murder. 
tsegbelQ , n. fathermurderer. 
tsemlihil e, n. fathers kindn ess. 
tseherlQ , n. fathers love. 
tSri, irreg. plur. form of tso, n. tree. 
tseiabai, n. leaves of trees ; I.laub. 
tseiayibii, pI. n. fruit of trees; Obfl; camp. yibii , nibii, 
sebii, pI. n. 
tseke, info tsekemQ, V. (corroboration of iSe, v. to stick); 
to sti ck, to stick to ; to stab; camp. verbs ending with 
ke, ke, § 27. 
tseke mli, V. to stick into, stab into. 
tsekf;) iii, inr. Sits~k emQ, to stick down (f. i. with a spade 
or diging instrument into the ground) ; to stab down ; 
= tse si, V. 
tsekelQ, n. a person sticking, stabbing. 
tsekemQ, n. sticking , stabbing. 
tsekelDQ, n. fathers saying, word or c.ommand. 
t~ekl1, n. family or tribe of the father; camp. dsaku, n. 
tsekubii, pI. n. people belonging to it. 
tsekunyo, pI. tsekumei, n. person belonging to the family 
of the father; camp. dsakunyo, pI. -mei, -bii, n. 
tsekw ~, pI. -kwemei, n. oncle; camp. nyekwe, n. An 
oncle is especially after the death of the father consi-
dered as a falher. 
tsekwebi, n. oncle's child, nephew or niece; Glefd)roil1erfinb 
\)on Ol)eim'~ 6eite; camp. nyemimeiabi, n. the S., if 
spoken of by a third person. 
tsel;,w1jbi~u,. pI. : bihi, ~. nephew from oncle's side; camp. 
nyekwebl, - bmu, - blYO, n. 
tsekwebiyo, pI. -biyei, n. niece from oncle's side. 
tsele, tsere, n. only used in the compound hietsel!l, n. 
homesickness, S. tSe, v. 
304 tsel~ - tsenemghela. 
tsele, tsel!) , tllel!l, pI. forms of tse, tse and tSe, V., see 
under Hiert) etc. 
tself), n. length , fro ts-e, y. 
tselg , n. plucker etc. from tse, V. 
tSelg, n. sticker, stabber ; hooker; delayer etc. from Hie, V. 
lsf)lg, n. caller, from IS0, v. 
tselg, n. shooter, stitcher, stinger; deceiver; spinner; rusher 
etc. fr. tse, V. 
tselomg , n. fath ers curs e. 
tsemali. pl. - mlldsi, n. fathers town , nation, land ; !Dater. 
ftabt I !Datedanb. 
tsemg, n. coming off; loosing ; pluckin g; clearing; clean-
ness; purit.y ; holiness; deduction , fining , punishment for 
money; etc. from t5e, v. ; compo tseremo the S. of the 
pI. form tsere, V. 
tsemg; n. calling; call ; namegiving ; fro tse, V. 
tsemg, n. shooting ( but compo tOtfa) ; kindling; stiuging; 
stitching ; flying like arrows; rushing; spinning, twisting, 
twining, etc. fro tSe, V. 
tSemgtsane, n. spinning mashin e. 
tSemgtso, pI. - tsei, D. spindle. 
tsen, tSfln , D. chin; beard about it ; dse - , info tsendse, 
to get a beard about the chin; compo dabetsgi, nabu-
hetsgi, n. and kada, n. 
tselia, pI. - namei , n. fath ers wife. 
tSeildselg, n: person getting or having a beard about the 
chin. 
tSendsemg, having or getting a beard about the chin . 
tsena , pI. - namei , n. great-grandmother from fathers side. 
tsen (Ot. kY!l il) n. shield. 
tSene, pI. tsenei, n. common drinking-callabasb, also used as 
. measure. 
!Sene (tsenke), info tseilemg, V. to infect; to be infected; 
to kindle , to be kindled; anftecfen, anf!ecfenb fet)n, an~ 
grftecft nmben j la etseile, the fire has kindled S. tho ; 
etsene ye m. k. mli, he was infected by S. b.: to spread 
(of a rumour; f. i. sane tsene, -the matter was known) ; 
to stain, to blot., to spot, to pollute ; compo Dyane, benke ; 
also: tse, h,ere, V. etc. 
t sene - rna m. k., v. to inf. S. b. 
tsenelQ, n. infecting persoD. 
tsenemQ, D. infection , infecting ; kindling; spreading. 
tseilemQhela, D. infecting sickness. 
tsenesa - 05!)sYa. 305 
tSenesa, n. a larg~r kind of f1~tt callabashes; camp. tsene ; 
akpaki; tQ; bentua ; faa ; adenkuIi.; etc. 
tseno, pI. - nii , n. falhers property. 
(tSer!) - Ot. kyer!), Ga: Iso, v. to show). 
tsere, info tSeremQ (perh. an old pI. form of tse, V., S. tsere) 
v. to strain; = do nQ , v. 
Isere nQ , info nQtseremQ, V. 10 strain. 
!.Ser!) , pI. form of tse, but frequently independly used ; inf. 
tSeremQ , V. to lo ose; to get loose ; to pluck ; to rend, 
get rag ~ed, atade Ie etser!), the dress is renl ; to get 
clear , open etc. Here is esp. to be obscrved th e com-
bination dse tsere, inf. dsetseremQ (irreg. instead of dse 
tsere) to get daylight. Camp. tse, V. The redupi. plur. 
form is tseretserei or tsr!)tsrei , v. to get ragged; camp. 
tSeretserei and tSerei. 
tSere (= tsere), info tseremQ, V. only used in the phrase: 
dse Isere, to get daylight ; S. tSe and tsere, V. 
lsere, inf. IseremQ, pI. form of tile, V. to hook or be 
hooked 10 gel her , etc. S. tse, v. and tfelfe, v. 
tsere, fowl- fealher, etc. dse - , V. to produce or get 
feath ers. 
tser1j, inf. tSer1imQ (pI. form of tSe, V. which see) v. to 
shoot, to sling, to rush etc. - abui, info abuil se 1)mQ, 
to thrp-ad a needle. N~' otimo tsere, V. God drizzles, to 
drizzle; camp. N. tue, fii , .fie, ne , si v. . 
tSere, n. cola-nut. 
tseredse, n. grtling feathers. 
tSerebo , n. flint (on guns); or: tfrebo , n. 
tSerei, tsrei and 
tseretserei, adj. and adv. ragged ; raggedly ; from tse, tsere, v. 
Camp. fefei, adj. tho s. 
tseremQ, n. ren'ing !lic. ff. t5e, tSere, v. 
tSeremQ, n. straining. 
tseremQ, n. hooking logether. 
tser.1jmQ. n. slinging; drissling elc. fro 15e; Isere, n. 
tseretserekwaIi, atserets. (01. akyerekyerekwaIi., n. lit. show-
way; forefinger; waymark. 
Isesa , n. fath er's bed . 
tSesane, n. falber's palaver. 
tsesegbe, n. father's way; S. gbe, n. 
tSese, n. a large carved wooden vessel to bathe little chil-
dren in and the like. 
U;!'sia, n. fathers house or home. 
Z im merm. n n, Akra- Yocab. 20 
306 Is('su - Hit hteiuneii. 
tsesu , - suLall, n. falher 's character, likeness elc. 
tsesuomQ, n. falher 's love, will elc. 
tSeilikpong, n. falh ers land; fatherland. 
tse lsomQ, n. fath er's leaching. 
tSelsu, n. father 's room, h(')llse. 
tsewe, n. father's house , family. 
Is(,wiemQ , n. fa :her's word. 
tsewn, n. honour of the falher. 
tSI, inf. ISlmQ, v. 10 be heal' S; el sltso, it is too heal'S; 
. mli lSI, v. 10 be of heavy contents; hInmeii tSI, v. to 
have heavs eyes, 10 be sleepy. 
tsi, info tsimQ , pI. Isire, imprt. tsi , redupl. tsilsi , pI. tsire-
g ire , v. to move ; 10 push ; to remove; elc. 
tsi he, inf. hetsimQ, v. to move one's self; ncb ocmcnm j 
milsi mihe, I move, id) be\tlcge mid) j to move about; to 
live, S. he ka , hie ka, hI si , v. 
tsie hie , v. to push in the face; to move ahead , on , on-
ward. 
tsi hlegbe , n. to move forward , on, onward. 
tSi mJi, info mlit.simg, v. til slir in the ashes; lsi kane mJi, 
make the light up! 
tsi -na, v. 10 push one's moulh , to give one a push at 
his chin. 
lsi nine, v. 10 move the hand, to be quick. 
lsi ng ,. v. to move on. 
lSi se , pI. Isire se, v. to push behind , after , f. i. a car-
riage ; nyelsirea se, push (you)! info setsimQ. 
lsi si , - sisi , V. to move down. 
lsi }i se, pI. ISire yi se, inL yiselsimQ, SisetsiremQ, to 
push one baek or forward; to accelerate; to urge on etc. 
lSI, n. movement , move; push; removal etc. fr. tsi , v.; 
S. tsima, n. 
till , inf. tst and info pI. tSimQ, pI. subj. and ohj. tSlmQ, 
imperat. sing. t5I, V. to close, to fill up; to slop; to 
be stopped up. 
tSi !la, - dan, V. to stop one's mouth. 
181 gbe, info gbelsi, gbelSImg, V. to close or stop a way; 
to close up; 10 disallow; S. gbe, n. way; and hi! gbe; 
dsie gbe, v. 
tSi he, info hetsi hets1mQ, V. to close or stop up round 
about. 
tsi hIe , -inf. hielsl, hletsimg, v. to blindfold; to bind up 
one's eyes or face. 
tsi hieilmeii, V. th, S. 
tsi mli - tsi~ hie. 307 
tsi mli , inf. mlitsi , mlitSimQ , v. t to close up ; to close 
inside; to slop in wardly up. 
lsi na , illf. natsI natsImQ, v. to stop the mouth , egress, 
ingress , opening; to hind er = lSI gb~; 10 disallow ; 10 
keep back , relain ; to im pri son ; alst amena or atS imQ 
amena, they were retained, imprisoned. 
tsl nQ, inf. nQtsi nQtsImQ, v. to close up ,. to cover up ; 10 
shut the surface. _ 
tsl se, inf. setS! selsImQ , v. 10 close behind ; to conceal 
one's back ; esp. used when the doing or way of a per-
son shall be coneealed by an other ; f. i. LSi mise, tsImQ 
mis e, conceal my absence , keep me or my doing elc. 
in secret ("t>ni(hn'ei~rl1, \Jrr~dm(idJ111"). 
lsI sisi, inf. sisitsl siSitslmQ , v. to eonceal ~omething down. 
tsI-tii, inL tatsI, v. (a peculiar combination), to mention, 
elsl mita, he mentioned me; elsi W: ekemi, v. he mentioned 
it to me. 
tsi , n. a native s~ord of th eir own manufacture, especially 
.sword of houour for kings , generals etc. genetally of 
the form of a bill-hook , richly oruamented with gold elc. 
Camp. klante, dukp ei, kakla etc. perh . from lsi , to push. 
tsI , n. closing up , stopping, hindering ; s. tsImo , n. t ho s. 
fro tS1, V. pI. IsImg. 
tSia (Ot. kyia) , info tsiamQ, v. to be crooked , bent etc. 
Compo k6do, v., dQ , v.; lQgQ, v. etc. 
tSialQ, n. crooked person. 
tS iamQ , n. cro okedness. 
tSla , inr. tSiamQ , V. 10 walk straightly, affectedly, in mea-
sured steps; s. tJia, V. tb. S . 
tSlalQ, n. person walking affectedly. 
tsIam\) , n. affecled walk, march . 
tsia = lsa ka! interj . of mockery : tush! pah! poh! 
tsi,L n. a tittl e, especially used in Address or be.fore na-
mes = sir, perh. = tS\), ala (Ot. agya) fath~r (engl. 
sire); milee , tsi ~ ! I don't know, Sir! H ie Anum, Mr. 
Anum. 
lsie! interj. eh! oh! compo ao! hao! 
tSie, info tsTemg , a kind of active form of Ihe neul er verb 
tse (comp . dse and dsie ; tse and tsu; gbo and gbe, etc. 
and the Hebr. Kal and Hiphil) ; to awaken, to arouse; 
generally 
lsI!) hIe, info hielsiemQ , V. the same; etsiemi and elsie 
mihIe, he awakened me; compo hIe tSe, v.; mihIe tse, 
I awoke. 
308 tSl!;)IQ - tsines!;). 
tsi !JIQ, n. awakener, arouser. 
tStemQ, n. awaken'ng, arousing; rmslllg. 
tsikilsaka, = tsakatsaka, basabasa, bisibasa, adv. disorder])' ; 
tsukutsaka, tho S. 
tsikitsiki , adj . and adv. = bitibiti, pitipiti, close ; closely. 
tsile, V. pI. of tsi , S. tsire. 
tSile, n. a large kind of sea-fish, cought in August and 
September in great numbers on the sandbank not far 
from the gold·coast; Ot. sire. 
tsilQ , n. mover ; pusher, remover , fro tsi, v. 
tSHQ, n. stopper, sta)'er, retainer, fro lSI, V. 
tsimbo , = IsiI'lmo , adj. and adv. heavy ; -Iy. 
tSimQ , n. heaviness; gravity, fro tSi , V. Compo esp. ex-
pressions as : dsatsu ke tSimQ, heavy load; noko k!J tsimQ, 
S. tho heavy. 
tsimQ and lSi, n. movement. 
lsi and 
tSimQ, n. stopping , staying; retaining, concealing; hinder-
ance etc. fr. tsi, V. pI. IsimQ. 
tSlmQno, pI. - nii , n. some thing hindering , hinderance, 
obstacle. 
tsine , n. innermost part of the nose; tas~e; gullur (GlOU1I1tll) , 
ba -, V. to be tasteful; dse -, V. to be disgusting ; 
edse mit sine tso, it is too mueh disgusting to me; eba 
mitsine, I have a desire after ii , it is tastflll 10 me; 
tsine nQ Iota, - - futa, V. to have cardialgy, heartburning ; 
».19 Wla\1l'llbrenllm; .pcrAbH'l1l11'1t 1}.1brn. 
tsine, inf. tSinemQ , v. to snerze ; to cleanse the nose (see 
also fii gugo, v.) . 
tsineba, n. desire; tast.efulness, fr. ba tsine, V.; compo di 
se, V. etc. 
tsinebano, pI. - nii, n. something desirable, tasteful. 
tsinedse, n. abhorrence; disgust; fr. dse tsine, V. compo 
nyane, v. 
tSinedseno, pl - nii, n. something disgusting. 
tsinemQ, n. sneezing. 
tsinena, adv. according to taste. 
tsinenQfutamg and . 
tsinenglotamg, n. heartburning; cardialgy; 9JlagenvHllnen, 
!V/l1gtlllNQ, !Bred)reia; fro tsine ng futa m. k. V., and tsine 
ng Iota m. k. v. 
tsinesane, n. matter of taste. 
tsines!), n. place beneath the gutter. 
tsiilmo - tso. 309 
[sinmo (comp. tsI, v. to be heavy; ilme, v. to weigH), adj. 
and adv. heavy, clumsy; heavily , clumsily (sometimes 
= tSimbo)j gbeke Ie h1l efe Isinmo, the child (she bears) 
makes her heavy or to move clumsily; fe -, v. to be 
heavy , clumsy. 
tSinmBfemQ, n. heaviness, clumsiness. 
t8intsa , n. bunch (f. i. of keys) ; compo saw, sao. 
tSi'ra, V. S. 15a, V. pI. tsra ; v. 
tSfre , inr. tSiremQ , pI. form of lsi, to move , to push ; it 
d~pends on the pI. numb. of subj. and obj. , but is not 
very exactly observed; lSire he, lSire hi e, tsire mJi, - na, 
nQ , - se etc. pI. forms of lsi he, lsi hie etc. a peculiar 
expression is: hIe Isire m. k. , inf. hlels ir ~mQ, V. to re-
collect one's self; mihIe lSiremi, I recoll ected myself, I 
reassured myseJr ; but it may be that it comes from lilt', 
V. = hXel seremQ , n. 
tsire, n. = tsile , a sea-fish; Ol. sire. 
IsirelQ , n. pusher, mover (of many things or persons). 
tSiremQ , n. moving , movement; pushing (of many things 
or persons). 
Isi'a , double v., s. tsi-ta, doub. v. 
tsilso, n. handle of a sword , s. tsi , n. 
t s o, v. inf. tso , to burn , to flame , to blaze; to shine 
(of fire, light-if bnrning , the sun ; but not of the moon, 
stars, gold etc., compo kpe, v.); when the people burn 
their cut bush, they cry: Olso! olso! compo also: Ot80-
krikri , n. Tso hIe , V. 10 shine inlo the face ; - he, 
- hewQ , V. to shine about ; - mJi, v. to shine in , - - into 
etc. 
!So, n. flaming , blazing; flame, blaze , shine; lightening, 
enlightening; illumination. 
Iso la, inf. latso , V. to be very sharp; bad , wicked; to 
be very bold. 
tso ng , info nQtso , V. to shine upon ; to illuminate , to 
enlighten. 
tso , inf. Iso, v. to deny; to assure the contrary 
(perhaps one word with the former , compo the german 
"Id)dncn", greek: cpawEw and 'l'awE(J.(}at); 180 olso. lo? 
doest thou really deny it; elso, ake eba, he denL d that 
he came ( though he came); etSo ake ebaa, he denied 
that he did not come (though it was true). 
Iso , n. denying; denial. 
LSO! Isow! inler. of displeasure, if seeing or hearing somp, 
thing wrong; oh! shone I 
310 1.so - tSo. 
tso, pI. tsei (Ot. dua) , n. tree , plant , slick , slaff; wood; 
stock; scaffold (@niiflc, @eri.).We); stem, stalk; pole, 
bar; handle; elc. etc. Compo all the names of trees, 
as: DSanQtso, fialso, tetso elc. and gbomo - tso, body; 
yi -tso, head; sa-Iso, bedstead; MeitSo , grass-stalk, able-
tso, eorn-ear; koi-tso, handle of a hoe; adeda-tso, - of 
a billhook; odum-tso, odum- wood ; t~lso, slone - wood 
et.c. tso-adeka, wooden box ; dadeadeka, iron box elr. ; 
yi m. k. Iso, tfa m. k. Iso, to strike S. b. with a slick; 
about )'a t.so nQ , see tsonQ , n. to tso f6 si, V. to (cut 
and) fell a Iree; kWQ - , v. t.o assend or climb -a tree 
elc. etc. Compo also lai, n. Ad. Iso, pI. tsihi, n. th. S. 
Iso nQ, IsonQ , n. lit. upon the tree; the common rloset. 
of towns made of sticks; ya -, v. 10 go to Ihe closet; 
compo ko na , tiafi ete. 
tS6, adv. very (wet), full, of water = bQbQ]f; mihe fQ 1.s6, 
I am wet all about (comp. "p latfd)nn!i" in Germ.). 
t SQ , inf. lsg and ISQle, V. to h a I I ; to limb ; to be lame; 
compo a'soke, tsulsQ; akpake; etc. 
tsg, n. halting , limbing; lameness; tSQle, tho s. 
tsg, adv. yery (fat) ; ewo fO tsg, it is exceedingly fat. 
t so, info tsg, Y. to dip; to dive; to put inlo liquid ; compo 
mf, ' mu, v.; to taste fiuit by taking a I i I tl e out (co mp. 
dsie, v.). Perhaps one word with tso, to halt. 
tSQ mli , inf. mlit sg, \'. to dip inlo ; to immerse. 
ISO si and 
tSQ sisi, v. to dip down, to the bottom. 
t.si,), n. dipping , diving, bapt.izing. 
ts 0, info tso nnd tsomo (and tS6Ie) , pI. Isamo, redupl. 
!.SotM, tsotsomQ, V. (Ot. dan ; kyere ) ; to twist, = Iso-
mQ , v.; turn; turn through, pass through; to change 
(comp. tsake), to become ; Ot. dan); to s how ; t.o leach; 
to explain ; dsad se n. k. tso moko, to show or exp lain 
S. tho to S. b. (Ot. kyere); to turn or change with bad 
intention, to entrap, ensnare (s. tSone, n.); to try, to 
tern p t ; s. \So na; hie 180, info hletsomo (Ot. ani gy ina), 
. V. to have the face turned (away?), to want pastime, 
to be bomesitk = hie tse , v.; be tso, \'. to change bo-
dily ; yin tso, v. to have Ihe thoughts turned (s. yi, yin), 
to turn the opinion; - to be somewhat mad; yitso (s6, 
tho s.; about musun tso, musuil tso m. k. , mli Iso etc. 
S. musu, mli, n. etc. Compo the verbs tso , tso, elso, 
dSQ, elso and roots wilh t~e consonants els and ts, which 
tso dan - Isofa. 311 
seem to have altogether some common significa1ion and 
10 be related. 
tso dan, v. to turn one's mouth. 
tso den, v. to turn one's hand. 
Iso he, info hetsomo, v. to lurn; to turn one's self; = kli 
se; to ehange one's self (fi d) b ef e 9t en); to be con-
verted; - to ease one's self, = wa nane, v. 
Iso m. k. mli, info mlilso, mlitsomo, v. to hold one fast 
(comp. to twist); stronger than mo mli, v.; to show the 
inside of s. b. 
!So mli, inf. mli'somo, v. to turn or pass through; milso 
rna Ie mli, I passed through the town; edse Abrolsire 
k e- t so Gua h - ba bie, he came hither from Europe 
through Cape Coast; 10 operate. 
LSo musu, inf. musunlsomo, v. to operate the belly, 
bowels. 
tso na, inf. natso, V. to tempI. try (one's mouth); to catch 
one in speaking; mit50 ena, I tempted, provoked him; 
to change one's speaking, 10 be double-longued, deceit-
ful; etso ena, he is double-tongued; elc. to show Ihe 
price of s. th.; to price. 
Iso m. k. nine uo , ipf. ninenotsomo , v. 10 turn over one's 
hand, to use s. b., mitso mils!) nine no mife ene, I did 
this through my father (camp. nam obi so in Otyi). 
\So no, inf. nolsomQ, v. 10 turn, walk, sl umble over; to 
overleap; to go round (of old ke.l s or locks, spoiled); 
10 lurn over one's self (Ot. fa so), if ~omelhing done 
or s~oken returns to Ihe persall, so Ihat he is caught 
by it; etso minQ, I am brought to silence by it; clunp. 
la, v.; to get master over, to prevail = ye nQ, ta no, V. 
tso se, info setsomQ, V. 10 lurn back, V. a. and n. 
Hio si, info sitsomQ, 10 turn down . 
Iso sisi, info siSitsomQ, V. to show the meaning; 10 inter-
pret; to explam; to state the reason; S. sisi, n. dnd 
camp. dsie na, wie na, V. 
tso, adv. too; much, too much = IUtu, naakpa elc. efa 
Iso, it is too much; etc. 
Iso land nat5O), n. trmplalion; trap, snare (comp. !Sone). 
lsoba, n. leaf of a tree. 
tsobi, n. lit. woonen child; doll; generally made of wood 
and dressed according to native fashion . 
tSQbOlsQbQ, adj. and adv. hanging- about; disorderly. 
Isofa, n. lit. root of a tree, plant etc. (camp. eng\. -worl, 
germ. - llJUtb); medicine; poison; any strong drug; pow-
(' 
312 tsotaba - tsole. 
der of any kind, but. especially gun - powder , s. hitsofa, 
tfltsufa, n. ; spices, incense elc. Isofa ke ilma, lit. medi-
cine with swee t. odour , sweet spices, incense; nu -, v. 
to tak e medicin e, poison etc. hi! - , v. to give medicin e; 
wo m. k. na - , v. 10 poison s. b.; wyill - , V. 10 grind 
medicine; tsa - , v. to dig medicine (roots); etc. Isofa 
Iso m. k. , - Iso m. . k. mli , medicine operat es s. b. etc. 
Somet.imes t.he word is shortened into tsufil. 
tsofaba, n. medical leaf or plant. 
g 'ofaW , n. snuffing of medicin e. 
tso fah1lmQ , n. prescription or giving of medicine. 
tsofiihemQ , n. taking or buying of medicine. 
tSof1lhoIQ , n. seller of medicin e. 
tSofahomQ , n. sale of medicine. 
tsofal e, n. knowledge of medicin e. 
tSolano, pI. - nii , n. some thing medical. 
tsofimumQ , n. taking of medicine. 
tSofanulQ, n. taker of medicine. 
tSo fasane, n. medical palaver. 
tsofatsii , n. digging of medicine. 
t50f<i\.se, pI. - Isemei, n. possesso r of medicine; docter, 
physician ; compo tsalQ and mensre, n.; apoth ekary. 
tso fat senyomg, n. doctor'.s fee. 
tsofatso, n. medical tree, - wood. 
tSofawyiemQ, n. grinding of medicin e. 
Isofiiwo, n. poisoning ; S. sil , v. 
IsofawolQ, n. poisoner , s. sulQ, n. 
Isofo, n. rulling of wood ; treecutling ; s . !.SotomQ, n. 
lS ofolQ, n. treecutter, woodcut.t.er; woedman. 
tSogbamQ , n. splitting of wood (.polbfp"lten) ; chapping of 
wood; wood-sawing. 
tsogba!g, n. wood-cleaver; - chapper ; sawer. 
Isogbiil , pI. -gbidsi, n. dry wood ; S. egbiil, adj. 
lsohetolo, n. bark of a tree. 
tsokpoli , cudgel; club. 
Tsoku, pro n. of males. 
ls6ku, n. stock of a tree remamlllg in the ground after 
felling ; a block of a tree ; a rough kind of seats made 
of a block. 
Isokuku, tho S. seldom used ; S. ku, kuku , adj . and n. 
tsgle , info tSQlemQ, v. to put or rest the head on someth., 
f. i. a pillow; to take s. tho for a pillow ; Ot. sum , V. 
ISQle, n. halting; lameness fro tSQ , v. 
tsole, n. temptation, s. t50, v. 
tsglemg - tSgse. 313 
tsglemg, n. resting the head on s. th., pillowing. 
tSgli, n. buttock; compo dukui, tho S. 
tsolo, n. (europ. word?) lail-coat. 
IsolQ, n. shiner, enlightener, illuminator; denier, fro 150, V. 
t5QIO, n. dipper, immerc.er; lame person (s. atsgke). 
tsolg, n. shower; teacher; tempter, provoker; a person 
turning elc. fr. tso , V. 
tsoma, n. setting or eree-tion of a tree, post, wooden mark; 
planting of a tree, S. t501()OIDg, n. 
tsoma lg, . n. planter of a tree. 
tsomQ, n. turning; twisting; showing; show ; teaching; 
doctrine; lempting, temptation elc. fr. Iso, V. 
!Somg, inf. Isomg, V. to twist, 10 turn repeatedly; pI. form 
of t..so, v.; tSomQlsomg, rcdupl. of it. 
tsonane, pI. - nadsi, n. foot of a tree. 
lSone, n. a trap, snare (fl'. t50, to entrap; and 'de, 'ne = 
no , tbing ; c~mp. nane, nande; nine, ninde , kane etc.); 
machine of any kind and for any purpose; press, engine, 
artful instrument fro tso, V. to turn; etc. ISo - , inf. 
tS6net~o, to set a trap; to prepare or use a machinery 
for any purpose; dQ - , info tsonedu, to fall into a trap, 
snare etc. to be caught. 
t.5onemlinii, pI. n. parts of a machine. 
t50nedu, n. fa lling inlo a trap fro dQ Isone , v. 
tSonetso, n. entrapping, ensnaring; sell ing of a trap; setting 
up or prepara:ion of a machine; fro tso Isone, V. 
tsonetsalg, n. tr"per; tempter; ·machinist, engineer. 
Isonine, pI. - nidsi, n. branch of a tree, plant etc.; S. 
nine , n. 
tSonman, pI. -nmodsi, n. green wood; S. enmon, adj. 
Isong, n. (s. Iso ng and Iso, n.) necessary, priv)' ; S. also 
kona, n. 
tSongyibii = tseiayibii, pI. n, fruit of trees. 
tsono, pI. - nii, n. wooden vessel, wooden Ihing, S. no, n. 
150ntsontson, adv. rashly;· efa -, to open -; esp. used 
of Ihe manner of walking. 
Is oro , V. info tsorom!}; to hang; ~ si, v. inf. sitsoromg, 
to hang down; S. 150t86ro, v. 
tSorot50ro, adv. = 18ot50rolsol501'0, adv. and walery, thin 
= Isretsre. 
lSosalso, pI. . tsei, n. wooden bedslead. 
lSose, n. hind - or back part of a t.ree; behind a tree. 
ISQse, inf. tsgsemg, v. 10 raise or bring up a child; compo 
Ie, V. i to educate. 
314 
ISQseIQ, n. raiser of a child; nurse ; educator; pedagogue. 
tSQsemQ, n. raising of children; nursing ; education; peda-
gogic. 
tsoslsi, n. place under a tree. 
Isosisi fa,' n. rool of a Iree. 
tsoteolQ , n. planter of trees, plants etc. 
tsoteomQ , n. planting of Irees, etc. fr. teo tso, v. 
tSotfa, n. stroke w~th a stick. 
tsolfalQ, n. (stickmaster, <5toCfmeiftrt?) an officer under the 
daoish gov~rnment. 
tSotomQ, n, felling of a tree = tsofo, n. 
lSot.oIQ , n. woodcutter; woodman. 
tSQtse, inf. tSQtsemQ , 10 tweak; to pinch ; to pick, 10 lTiake 
a surface disorderly by .picking ; kafe akutu man)'[manya 
take bQni \YQ tSQtseQ fufui hie, don 't make the orange 
disord erly (py peeling) as a fowl us es to pi ck the face 
of a pudding! compo koli , kQle, kQ ; tse (to pluck , of 
which tSQtse seems to be a redupl. = tsetse), 
tSQtselQ, n. pi cker ; tweaker. 
tSQtsemQ, n. picking; tweaking. 
HotM, pro n. of females; S. Tete, pro n. 
tsolsQ, redupl. of tSQ, to halt , S. IsutsQ, V. 
tsoro, info IsoromQ , and 
tSo[80ro, inL tsotsoromQ , v. to hang = sen; si, inf. 
silsotsoromQ, to hang down. 
tsotsoromQ, n. hanging = senmQ. 
tsolsorolsotsol'O, ad. hanging full ; gef)iingt boll (of trees 
bearing) , f. i. wo - , V. 10 bear fruit in clusters, in 
abundance; S. wodsowodso and kplitso, adv. tho S. 
tSQtsQtso, pI. - tsci, n. a tree the bitter root of it is used 
for medicine. 
tSolsOlso, adj. and adv. tough ; -Iy ; slimy ; slimily. 
tSQtsgtSQ, adv. fatly, full of fat = Isg, adv. 
\Sou! lSow! =' tsO! int. of displeasure ; oh! shame! 
tsowo, n. bearing of a Iree. 
tsoyibii, pI. n. = tSeia),ibii, tsonQ),ibii, fruit of trees. 
tso),iten, n. lop of a tree. 
lSI a, pI. V. of [sa, V. s. tSl\ra , to mend np holes; to join elc. 
S. Isa, V. 
tsre, v.; S. tsere. 
tsre, v. s. tsere and Isi}re. 
tsrei, and 
tsre1srei, adj. rent, ragged ; s. tserei and tSeretserei, adj. 
tsrelsre, adj. thin, watery, = trolo. tsrolseo, nlenle, 
tsr~ho - 15u. 315 
tSrebo = tSerebo, n. flint of a gun. 
tsrotsro = tsrelsre, adj. 
lsro, tSolsro. and 
tsro si, and 15otsro si, v. s. 15oro and tsotsoro, v. to 
hang etc. 
'tsru, etsru, adv. red; s. Isuru. 
tsu, inf. tsa, tSule, v. to redden, to ripen (of fruits be-
coming red or yellow - red, but also applied to other 
fruits; romp. gbi (of corn); sa, v. etc.; to be red, red-
dish, of a reddish brown or yellow colour, also usecl of 
reddish-coloured natives, mulattoes (s. motsuru, n. and 
etsurll , ' ISurll , adv.) ; camp. abonua, afaseo, n. and ye, v., 
di, v. noli; v. 
tsa, n. reddening , ripening, riping; ripeness, redness; adv. 
very red = fa . 
tsu, info tsumo, V. to cleanse (causative of the neuter v. 
tse, to be clean), to sanctify, to purify, of gold, silver, 
also men, if religiously purified ; camp. dsu, V. to wash ; 
\Sumo, v. to wipe etc. 
til u, inf. tsumo, v. to sen d (a person, camp. madse, v. ), 
to war k, to labour (but always wanting an object , see 
\Su nii , v.); the word is especially used in tlie more 
exte.nsive sense of the .business , trade, occupation etc. 
of a person, f. i. lneni otsuo? or: meni dsi oniitsumo? 
MihilQ sikpoil.; miye srenki etc. What is thy business? 
I till the ground; I am a carpenter etc. Camp. fe , v. 
and lNS in Hebr. , and thtl prov.: "Noni Qtsuo Ie, no 
nail. gbeoo," what thou labourest even that kills thee, 
i. e. by thy business or trade thou wilt die. In the 
signification: "to send" it has the simple object follow-
ing; f. i.· mitsule Gil, I sent him (to) Akra etc. Adn. 
tSo , v. 
tsu he nii, inf. heniitsuIDO, V. - to work about or fcr S. th., 
to labour for; to make use of = y~ he niitsumJ, v. 
tsu mli nii, V. to work in s. tho ' 
tsQ nii, inf. niitsiimo, nitsumo; v. lit. to -work things , to 
labour things; the object being added in want of an 
other (comp. tfa m. k. no or tCia m. k. nii , v. and no, 
pI. nii, n); Lsu noko , info noko LsumQ, V. tho S. with 
~he obje.ct in the sing. number. 
tsiia, lsuere, lsuelsue elc. formerly wrilten instead of tfa, 
lfere, tfetfe etc. which see. 
tsu, n. room, house, if containing only one room, f. i. 
sQlemQtsu, chapel (camp. s1a, n. and we, n.); plucEl in.