Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes In Twenty Volumes Volume II GLASGOW PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE &> COMPANY LTD. FOR JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW MACMILLAN AND CO. LTD. LONDON THE MACMILLAN CO. NEW YORK SIMPKIN, HAMILTON AND CO. LONDON MACMILLAN AND BOWES CAMBRI DGE DOUGLAS AND FOULtS EDINBURGH MCMV Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World In Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and others By SAMUEL PURCHAS, B.D. VOLUME II Glasgow James MacLehose and Sons Publishers to the University MCMV THE TABLE PAGE T he Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs In the second Booke of the First part of Purchas his Pilgrims. CHAP. 1. Of the improvement of Navigation 10 later Times, and the meanes whereby the world in her old Age hath been more then ever discovered. §. I . Of Magneticall and Astronomicall Instruments, first applyed to Navigation. . §.2. Of Henrie, third sonne to John the first King of Portugall by an English woman, the Prince of later Discoveries: and of the helps both against the Moores, and in their Discoveries which the PortugaIs have received of our Nation. . 9 §. 3. Of King John the second his Discoveries, and advance- ment of the Art of Navigation. 15 §.4. Of the conjectures touching a new World by Chris- topher Colon or Columbus, and his manifold diffi- culties therein. 19 §. 5. Columbus his first Voyage, and improvement therein of the Mariners Art. z4 v THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE §. 6. The Popes Bull made to Castile, touching the New World. . 32 Animadversions on the said Bull of Pope Alexander. 4-2 §.7. Of the PortugaIs discontent and compromise with the Spaniard, and their first Discoveries of the East Indies. 64- §. 8. Of Gamas Acts at Calicut, and his returne. 69 §. 9. The second Fleet sen t to the East Indies: Their discoverie of Brasil, and other Acts. 75 §. 10. Albuquerques exploits, and the first knowledge of the Molucca's. 80 CHAP. II. Of Fernandus Magalianes: The occasion of his Voyage, and the particulars of the same, with the compassing of the World by the ship called San Victoria; gathered out of Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian of Vicenza, .who was one in the said Circum-Naviga- tion, as also from divers other Authors. . 8+ CHAP. III. The second Circum-Navigation of the Earth: Or the renowmed voyage of Sir Francis Drake, the first Generall which ever sayled about the whole Globe, begun in the yeere of our Lord 1577. heretofore published by Master R. Hackluyt, and now reviewed and corrected. 119 CHAP. IIII. The third Circum-Navigation of the Globe: Or the admirable and prosperous voyage of Master Thomas Candish of Trimley in the Countie of Suffolke Esquire, into the South Sea, and from thence round about the circumference of the whole Earth, begun VI THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE in the yeere of our Lord 1586. and finished 1588. Written by Master Francis Pretty lately of Ey in Suffolke, a Gentleman employed in the same action, published by Master Hakluyt, and now corrected and abbreviated. 149 A Letter of Master Thomas Candish to the Right Honorable the Lord HUDSdon, Lord Cham- berlaine, one of Her Majesties most Honorable Privie Counsell, touching the successe of his Voyage about the World. 185 CHAP. V. The Voyage of Oliver Noort round about the Globe, being the fourth Circum-Navigation of the same, extracted out of the Latine Diarie. 187 Of Sebald de W ert his voyage to the South Sea, and miserie in the Streights nine Moneths, wherein William Adams Englishman was chiefe Pilot. 206 CHAP. VI. The voyage of George Spilbergen, Generall of a Dutch Fleet of sixe ships, which passed by the Magellane Streights, and South Sea, unto the East Indies, and thence (having encompassed the whole Circumference of the Earth) home: gathered out of the Latine Journall, being the fift Circum-Navigation. 210 A discourse of the present state of the Molucco's, annexed to the former Journall, extracted out of Apollonius Schot of Middleborough. 22 7 A briefe description of the Forts, Souldiers, and Militarie provision , as a1so of their Trade and Shipping in the East Indies, under the service of the Generall States of the united Provinces, and his Excellencie, as it was In July, 1616. extracted out of the Author of the Journal!. 230 VlI THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE CHAP. VII. The sixth Circum-Navigation, by William Cornelison Schouten of Horne: Who Southwards from the Streights of Magellan in Terra Del-fuogo, found and discovered a new passage through the great South Sea, and that way say led round about the World: D escribing what I1ands, Countries, People, and strange adventures he found in his said passage. 232 Maire and Schouten's Straights. Schouten's Straights and Discoveries. Schouten's Voyage about the World. Schouten's Coasting . by Terra Australis. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the third Booke of the First part of Pure has his Pilgrims. CHAP. 1. Of the lirst English Voyages to the East Indies, before the establishment of the East Indian Companie. 285 §. I . Of Sighelmus, Mandevile, Stevens, Fitch, and divers other English men, their Indian Voyages. 285 §.2. The Voyage of Master Benjamin Wood into the East Indies, and the miserable disastrous successe thereof. H. 288 §.3. The travailes of John Mildenhall into the Indies, and in the Countries of Persia, and of the Great Mogor or Mogul (where he is reported afterwards to have died of poyson) written by himselfe In two Letters following. H. 297 The second Letter of John Mildenhall to Master Richard Staper, written from Casbin in Persia, the third day of October, 1606. H. 299 viii THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PACK §.4-. The Voyage of Captaine John Davis, to the Easterne India, Pi lot In a Dutch ship; written by himselfe. H. 305 A briefe Relation of Master John Davis, chiefe P ilot to the Zelanders in their East-India Voyage, departing from Middleborough the fifteenth of March, Anno 1598. . 306 John Davis his first Indian Voyage. T reason of the K. of Achen rewarded. Of Sumatra, &c. King of Achens Court, Customes and Government. John Davis his Relations of Achen and Ophir. §. 5. William Adams his Voyage by the Magellan Streights to Japon, written in two Letters by himselfe, as fol- loweth. H. . 326 W. Adams his Voyage by the South sea to Japon. Adams his miseries on the Coasts of Chili. W. Adams his passing the South-sea to Japan. A Letter of Wil1iam Adams to his wife from Japan. 34-0 W. Adams Letters from Japan. W. Adams his miserable Voyage to Japan. §.6. The second Voyage of John Davis with Sir Edward Michelborne Knight, into the East Indies, in the Tigre, a ship of two hundred and fortie Tunnes, with a Pinnasse called the Tigres whelpe: which though in time it be later then the first of the East Indian Societie, yet because it was not set forth by them, here placed. H.. 34-7 Salvage Saldanians: the Cape and Corpo Sancto. Cap. Davis slaine. CH AP. II. A priviledge of fifteene yeeres granted by her Majestie to certaine Adventurers, for the discoverie of the Trade for the East Indies, the one and thi rtieth of Decem- ber, 1600. H . 366 ix THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE CHAP. III. The first Voyage made to East India by Master James Lancaster, now Knight, for the Merchants of London, Anno, 1600. With foure tall ships, (to wit) the Dragon, the Hector, the Ascension and Susan, & the Guest a Victualler. H . 392 §. J. The preparation to this Voyage, and what befell them in the way till they departed from Saldania.. 392 Soldania. Scorbute. §. 2. Their departure from Saldania, and proceeding in their voyage to Achen in Sumatra, with their trading at Saint Maries, Antongill, Nicubar: the strange plant of Sombrero, and other occurrents. 399 Antongill. A strange Plan t. §.3. Their entertainement and trade at Achen, and Queene Elizabeth her Letter to that King. 406 Achen. Reasons of League. S. 4. Portugall wiles discovered, a Prize taken neere Mal.cca. 41 7 Craft retorted. Carraeke taken . §. 5. Their Present to and from the King: his Letters to Queene Elizabeth: Their departure for Priaman and Bantam, and s.tling a Trade there. . 4- 2 5 The King of Aehens Letter to the Queene of England. Trade at Bantam. §. 6. Their departure for England, and occurrents in the way. 4-3 2 Sir James Lancasters Sea perils. x THE TABLE The Con tents of the Chapters- Continued. PAGl CHAP. IIll. A Discourse of Java, and of the first English Factorie there, with divers Indian, English, and Dutch occur- rents, written by Master Edmund Scot, contayning a Historie of things done from the eleventh of Feb- ruarie, 1602. till the sixt of October, ,60S. abbre- viated. H.P. 438 ~. ,. The description of Java major, with the manners and fashions of the people, both Javans and Chynresses, which doe there inhabit. 438 Manners of the Javans and Chinois. §. 2 . A true and briefe discourse of many dangers by fire, and other perfidious treacheries of the Javans. «6 Treacheries of the Javans against the English at Bantam. Javan Fires and Theeves. Crueltie and Treacherie of the Javans. Barbarous workes. Terrible word. ~. 3. Differences betwixt the Hollanders (stiling them- selves English) the Javans, and other things remarkable. 456 Hollanders in the Indies supposed Englishmen. Cruel tie and Treacherie. ~. 4. Treacherous underminings, with other occurrents. 463 Theevish Vault-workers and Fire plots of Chinois. Cruell execution, and Barbarous resolution. Fires and Trea- son at Bantam. English honour in the East Indies. §.5. Generall Middletons arrivall, the sicknesse and death of many. Quarrels twixt Ours and the Hollanders, begun by Captaine Severson, a Dutch man, and the King of Bantams circumcision, and pompous triumphs. 478 Capt. Middleton, and Capt. Col thrust. Much sickenesse. Syverson first cause of Dutch Hostilitie. The King of Bantams pompe and presents. Pageants and shewes at the Kings Circumcision. xi THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE §. 6. Further quarrels betwixt the English and Dutch, wi th other acciden ts. 49 I Dutch fray. Cowardize valourous. CHAP. V. The second Voyage set forth by the Companie into the East Indies, Sir Henrie Middleton being Generall: wherein were employed foure ships; the Red Dragon, Admirall; the Hector, Vice-Admirall; the Ascension with the Susan: written by Thomas Clayborne in a larger Discourse, a briefe whereof is here delivered. H. 496 lies of Banda. CHAP. VI. A Journall of the third Voyage to the East India, set out by the Companie of the Merchants, trading in those parts: in which Voyage were employed three ships, viz. the Dragon, the Hector, and the Consent, and in them the number of three hundred and ten persons, or thereabouts: written by William Keeling chiefe Commander thereo£ H. 50Z §. I. Their disasters and putting backe for Sierra Leona, and what happened till they departed from Saldania. 50Z Capt. Keeling. His returne to Sierra Leona. §. 2. Their departure from Saldania, and what happened after till the shippes parted companie. 508 Captaine Keeling and Hawkins. §.3. Instructions learned at Delisa of the Moores and Gusarates touching the Monsons, and while they rode there. Their comming to Priaman and Bantam. 515 Captaine Keeling his observations at Delisa. Captaine W. Keeling at Priaman. XOI THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE §. 4. Their Voyage to Banda, Observations by the way, Actions there. 523 Captaine Keeling his Voyage to Banda. Captaine W. Keel- ing at Banda. Dutch alfaires, and English Trade in Banda. English kindnesse to the Dutch in Banda, ill rewarded. U ngratefull obtrusions of Hollanders. Dutch pretences against Banda and the English there. Dutch alfaires, and English Trade in Banda. Huge tayled sheepe. Soldani.. St. H elena. xiii ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Christopher Columbus, Sir Thomas Smith, First Governor of the East India Company. THE SECOND VOLUME OF Purchas His Pilgrimes Contayning a description of all the Circumnaviga- tions of the Globe; and the Navigations and V oyages of Englishmen, alongst the Coasts of Africa, to the Cape of Good Hope, and from thence to the Red Sea, the Abassine, Arabian, Persian, Indian Shoares, Con- tinents and !lands A Description of all the Circum- [1. ii. I.) navigations of the Globe THE SECOND B OOKE Chap. I. Of the improvement of Navigation in later Times, and the meanes whereby the World in her old Age hath beene more then ever discovered. §. I. Of Magneticall and Astronomicall Instruments, first applyed to Navigation. Od, the giver of every good gift, having first made the World, made Man, as it were a visible God of this visible World j infusing in his super-admirable Creation, the knowledge of it, of himselfe, of God. This Trinitie of Knowledge was defaced by Mans voluntarie Rebellion, which enforced against him the Sentence of Curse from the ever- blessed Trinitie: Which yet in Judgement remembring Mercie, did not at once dissolve the World, or Man, but altered his Tenure, suffering him as a Customarie Tenant for terme of life (to be holden at the Will of the Lord) to occupy and husband it for the necessitie of his Body; II A PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES leaving also some sparkes of that Heavenly Fire in his Soule (maugre those darkest flames of Hell) whereby he might by laborious Art (being robbed of his white and pure Robes, wherewith Nature had adorned him) patch together Leaves or Skins for a time, to cover some part of * In the Jweat his nakednesse. Neyther is * it any more, or of more of thy BroweJ worth, that here we labour for, and get as Servants, then thou Jhalt eat, t5c. some light Plumes and broken Feathers of that goodly Fowle, which wholly without labour God had first given us as Children. Thus in regard of this temporall state; which yet he (out of a Curse producing Blessing) made the Seed-time of a better Harvest, a richer Possession (raysed out of this Rubbish of our Ruine) by farre then that which we had lost: for Time, which we had forfeited, giving us Eter- nitie, which cannot die; for Paradise, Heaven; and God himselfe for the World-; an earnest whereof wee have alreadie, his Sonne given for us, his Spirit to us, and the promise of Himselfe in ineffable fruition. [1. ii. 2.J Yea, meane-while, to solace this our wearie Pilgrimage, *OJ homini he hath given an erected" Countenance to the Body, still Jublime dedit, Gcelumque to be viewing the utter Court of our promised Palace, videre, t5 c. the faire Walls of our fairer Inheritance; and to the Soule the Eye of Art, whereby not leaving the greater, or her little, Earth, it can in a moment mount and surmount Heaven, and compasse all this spacious extension (that I * Faith iJ the speake not of that spirituall Eye of * Faith, which sees evidence of things unseene, the priviledge of his Saints.) Yea, she thingJ u1I1eene. hath found out meanes, by the Givers bountie, to carry her H eb. 11. 1. Deut. 34. beloved Body (not from some high Mountaine to over- looke the lowly Plaines, or as Moses into Mount Nebo, in Vision, to see that, which to see with joyfull enjoying, PJ. 10 4· "" - Nit niJi was denyed; but) really and actually to possesse and use pOl/lUJ t5 the remotest Seas and Lands. She emboldeneth the Body d:ther. to forsake her Earthly Nest, and (like young Eaglets on - Gtzlum the Eagles Wings) carryeth her to take a Natural! and ul/dique t5 Universall Possession of the Universe, where the Heavens undique POI/- tus . alone * are spread about her as a Curtaine, where the INSTRUMENTS OF NAVIGATION Beames of her Chambers are (in properest sense) layd in the Waters, where the Clouds are her Chariot (the Wheeles at least) whereby shee walketh on the wings of the Wind, and those swelling Spirits are made her D rivers; the angriest E lement being tamed by industrious Art, which useth all their Natures to her best purposes. To compasse this in former times, was impossible, and how many Seas to our fore-fathers impassable, for want of the Com passe ? The Starres and Coasts were then the Guides, and without those Stilts, and Stayes, Navigation durst not adventure, in that her impotencie and infancie, to goe into the Maine. And if any disastrous Stormes had made sudden surprize of Ship and Men, the Master found himselfe and his Art at a losse in the midst of his Ship and Mariners; and if the frowning Heavens long refused with wonted Eyes to looke on him, and the absented Earth forgot to extend her Lap and Armes, lost hee must bee for ever. No great Discoverie was other- wise by the Art of the Ancients performed; nor durst any repeat that Lesson by Art, which Tempest had occasion- ally taught him, farre from the Coast, against his will. Chance is a forgetfull Mistresse, unlesse Art be the Usher of her Schoole, teaching and emboldening to repetition of her casuall Lectures. God Almightie pittying this Frailtie, intending better things to the last and worst Ages of the Wodd (as in this fulnesse of time he sent his Sonne and the Spirit of his Sonne to prepare men for Heaven, so since, I hope to further the former) hath given the Science of the Load- Two Ioler stone and Astronomicall Rules and Instruments, applyed helpes ofNa "i- galion un- by Art to Navigation, that hee might give more ample knowne 10 Possession of the Sea and the Earth to the sonnes of Men. Anlifuilie. Let others applaud, admire, adore, the Stones called Pre- cious: this shall bee to mee Pearle and Ruby, and Saphire, and Diamant, and more then all those multiplyed Names of Gemmes, which all are also made ours by helpe of the Loadstone. This Magneticall vertue was hidden to the Golden and Silver Ages, her Iron sympathie hath long 3 PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES beene knowne to the Iron World; but her constant Polar ravishments, and her no lesse constant inconstancie by Variation, were Mysteries reserved to later Posterities. The former of these Qgalities yeelds the Compasse, the Needle by Magneticall touch directing the way in waylesse Wildernesses by Land, and thorow the vastest Waterie Plaines. This vertue of the Loadstone, to be the Lead-stone and Way-directing Mercurie thorow the World, Plato, Aris- totle, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Galen, Lucretius, Plinie, his Solinus, and Ptolomee, Scholers of the highest Formes in Natures Schoole.) knew not, though the Magneticall attraction of Iron be mentioned in their W orkes. Some have also added some Physicall Vertues, and some the Fables of the Adamant and Garlike preventing that attrac- tion, wliich later Authors have received by authoritie, with- out due examination. But if any list to see Armies of Authors mustered, and their Writings also of this Subject G ilbertUJ de examined, Dr. Gilbert in his learned W orke of the Mag- Magnete. nete, hath done it in sixe whole Bookes; the causes also enquired both of that attraction, and this (whereof we now speake) Polar motion. This invention some ascribe to Salomon: which I would beleeve, if he had written of Stones, as he did of Plants; or if the Tyrians, which were * Primaratem almost the engrossers of * Navigation in that Age, and venti! credere were the Sea-men which Salomon used in his Ophyrian doc ta Ty rUJ. Discoveries (which we have laboured in fitter place to discover) had left any Tradition or Monument thereof to Posteritie: which could no more have been lost then sayling it selfe; which the Greekes, Carthaginians, and other Nations successively derived from them. Others therefore looke further into the East, whence the Light of the Sunne and Arts have seemed first to arise to our World; and will have Marco Polo the Venetian above three hundred yeeres since to have brought it out of Mangi (which wee now call China) into Italy. True it is, that the most magnified Arts have there first beene borne, rid. §. 7. Printing, Gunnes, and perhaps this also of the Com passe, 4 INSTRUME NTS OF NAVIGATION which the PortugaIs at their first entry of the Indian Seas (whereof you shall presently heare) found amongst the Mores, together with Cards and {2gadrants to observe both the Heavens and the Earth. And Vertomannus 15°3. Vert. about the same time travelled with them over the Arabian c. 14. . Desarts to Mecca and Medina, directing their course by [1. ii. 3.] the Compasse, and there also observed that Tale of Mahumets Body hanging in the Roofe of the Temple by the attractive power of Loadstones (which Chinocrates is reported to have intended to himselfe at Alexandria, in the Temple of Arsinoe, making the Roofe of these Stones, so to attract his Iron Image, prevented by death) to be but a Tale and Fable. But as neyther Printing nor Ord- nance were brought from thence to us, but (casual! Acts opening a passage to industrious Arts) were invented by European heads, and brought to riper perfections then in the East, which had knowne them before, so I also con- ceive of these Marine Instruments. Nor will I envie to John Goia of a Malfi, that whatsoever glory of the first a A Towne in Invention, which Blondus and others (some b naming him the Kingdome Flavius) have ascribed to him. Italy indeed hath best of Naples: OJ which if thif deserved in Discoveries, for her Polo and Goia, and Verle, Prima Vertoman, now mentioned, and for her Colombo and dedit nautif Cabota, of which is question, whether first found out the uJumMagnetis Variation of the Needle, or whether discovered more of Amalphif. b Lop. de the New World; though another Italian, Americus Gomara, Vesputius, carried the cName away from them both. cap. 9. This Variation is, when the Magneticall Needle points Be/km. ObI. not out the true P ole, but is distracted somewhat eyther I. 2. c. 16. C America. with an Easterly or ';Y esterly deflexion. This Variation ride EpiJt. of the Compasse is the best remedie yet found out against Ed. Wright the Mariners Variation from their Compasse, and Devia- allte Gi/b. op. tion from their scope and intended course. And although de Mag. the Variation cannot without Starre or Sunne be observed, as the direction of the Com passe may (which gives Light in the darkest Night, pointing still toward the Pole) neyther can hereby the true longitude of Places be dis- covered (this Light shines most out of Darkenesse, and 5 P URCHAS HIS PILGRIMES from E cclipses, which I have therefore in this Historie taken all occasions to observe, is most illustrious and plaine) yet for ordinarie and generall use in D iscoveries dHow tloine 0 and Navigations in unknowne Seas, this yeelds best supply thing i, Man? of that knowledge of Longitudes, by reason of the con- who can by stant inconstancie (as I said) of this Variation. For how- reason moni- soever it varies from the true Pole, yet it never varies flIt the num- ber of the from it selfe, but in the same place eternally holds the Spheres? ofthe same Variation, if it be exactly observed j which some- ElementI? or times, by want in the Instrument or Workman, and almost that there are alway by Sea, through the unsteadinesse thereof, falls out, Spheres? their JubJtance, and therefore is bet~er farre, being taken in calme Weather, operation, and best, if opportunitie serve, on Land. motion? yea, Now for the Causes d eyther of Direction or Variation, whether the Philosophers have rather busied their owne, then estab- Earth or the H eavens lished others Conceits from variation by their Directions, move, or both, and pointing out the causes hereof in nature: some, telling iI yet unde- us of Hyperboreall Magneticall Mountaines; some, cided. How deriving the cause from the Pole of the Heaven; some, many opinionI from a Starre in the tayle of the greater Beare j some oft he A ncientl arenowproved from the Heavens neere to the Pole; some goe also beyond folIe by ex- the Poles and Heavens, to I know not what Magneticall perience? And Power, placed out of place; some lead us into a Magneti- had not Cod call Iland (Ly-land) every man will say somewhat, and so given UI hi! Word fi" the doe they that flye to hidden Miracles in Nature. But ground of our that somewhat is nothing: And we indeed are lesse then faith (which Nothing and Vanitie; which, whiles we call all our Argu- the Defli/l en- ments Demonstrations, and all our Arts Sciences, neyther vying, hath here alIo know God, nor the World, or Nature, nor our selves, how obtruded Tra- ever vainly puffed up with the Conceits and Deceits of dition) what Knowledge. Ego vero quid? (sayth e Scaliger of this certaintie had Subtletie, who yet hath a Reason too, though as reason- remail/ed, but Ifllowledge of lesse (perhaps) as those of others; so fortunately doth our eflill unto hi! Wit find it selfe unfortunate, and knowes but one thing, POIteritie, who that it knowes nothing) quid aliud nisi unum verum? nos fir knowledge in luce rerum tenui caligare, in mediocri crecutire, in majori 10It ParadiIe? crecos esse, in maxima insanire. ~id aliud quam me ·Scalig.Exerc. 13 !. nescire? Solus omnium ego nihil afferendo veritatem attuli. 6 INSTRUMENTS OF NAVIGATION Most laborious have beene the paines, most probable (perhaps) the reasons of our Countreyman D octor Gilbert, by many yeeres experiments in this subject, who hath observed the whole Earth to bee as a great Loadstone, the Loadstone and the Iron (which naturally also with exact tryall hee hath observed, even without f touch, to hold like f By helpe of Direction and Variation, in respect of the Pole) to con- the Loadstone, rich veines of taine the principall ~alities of the Earth; that the I ron and other Direction and Variation are both, not from Contraction or Metals are dis- Coition, or other hidden cause, but from the disposing covered. In power of the Earth, and the convertible nature of the Militarie A ffaires, both Magnete, the Earth it selfe being Mother and originall in Mining, Fountaine of the Magneticall vertues and operations. levelling of Hee deriveth the Direction from the Polar conformitie of Peeces in the the Earth; the Variation, from the inequalitie of the darke, also in con- same, in the Superficies thereof; partly by Seas, partly by Building, veying of Mountaines, which have difformed though not deformed Waterworkes, the Globositie of this Globe, in paying to other places by and a thou- excessive height whatsoever was taken from the Deepes, sand other to make Channels for the Waters. H ence the greater Devices, is UJe of the Load- Continents of Earth have greater force and power, and Itone. where the Earth is most depressed or weakened, there hath it lesser; yet so, as these Magneticall Motions being trom the constant Magneticall nature of the whole Earth, a small Iland cannot prejudice or prevent the clayme of the greater Continent. Thus in the Azores the Needle hath no apparant Variation, which on the Coast of Guinnee [1. ii. +.] inclines Eastward to the African gContinent, and neere "Having the American bends Westward; in these Ilands as indiffe- doubled the rent betwixt two equall Continents, aimes at the Pole of Cape of Good Hope, the the Earth, and therefore Magneticall. His many hRules, Yoriotion Experiments, and Observations are worthy a learned and doubles and ley surely Reader: My selfe having haste to travell over lookes to the the World, and that with so many Travellers, cannot stand West .from the Pole, as the in this Muze, or Maze rather of Philosophers. Let us Land doth. h A II C ompaues are not fit fir all Navigations, as appeares by the differences if thou in the Straits, and here, C5e. the variation least neere the Line in 60. 70. or 80. 'my great, C5c. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES now consider not the naturall Causes, which are hard, but take easier view of the sensible effects thereof in the furtherance of Navigation, wherein the touched Needle is the Soule as it were of the Compasse, by which every skilfull Mariner is emboldened to com passe the whole Body of the Universe. Let the Italians have their prayse for Invention: the prayse of Application thereof to these remote Discoveries is due to the PortugaIs, who first began to open the Windowes of the World, to let it see it selfe. These first also of all Europeans, applyed by the direction of King John (as followeth in this storie) Astro- nomicall Instruments to this Magneticall; and occasioned those Spanish Discoveries in the New World, by Colombo's Industry. The Load-stone was the Lead-stone, the very Seed and ingendring Stone of Discoverie, whose soever Joviall Braine first conceived that Minerva. But the Juno Lucina, that helped Nature in this happy Conception and educated Discoverie to that strength, that it durst ordin- arily adventure beyond the knowne World, and made way to that Maturitie, whereby it opened soone after another PortugaIs World, was Prince Henry of Portugall. praysc. Thus doth the Great God rayse up the least things to Greatnesse: and this, one of the last and least of Europrean Kingdomes, was dignified with the first search and Science of Discoveries. Spaine and Portugall, after a long servitude, fattened their Soyle with the bloud of the Moores, and thence have growne by Divine Blessing not onely to free themselves of that Yoke, but with farre- spreading Boughes to over-Iooke and over-awe the remotest East and furthest West j paying themselves with the Drugges and Gemmes of Asia, the Gold and Slaves of Africa, the Silver and Possessions of America, as Wages for that Europrean slavery under the Mahumetans, many Ages continued, which now shall follow to be declared . 8 PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR A.D. 7 12-1420. §. II . Of Henry, third sonne to John the firs t King of P ortugall by an English W-oman, the Prince of later D iscoveries: and of the helpes both against the Mores, and in their D iscoveries which the PortugaIs have received of our N ation. H e Saracens (as we have related 'elsewhere) about • P. Pilg. I. 3. the yeere* 712. brought by Julianus Earle of Cepta c. 1. . §. 1.. * Some say (to revenge the deflowring of his Daughter Cab a 714 . by Rodericus, the last of the Gottish Kings) into Spaine, under the conduct of Muses, conquered and subjected the same to Ulit the Chalipha. Pelagius bbegan first to make bSee Spanith head against these Barbarians, whose successors had suc- Hitl.Turquet. Ii. I. Bar. ceeded in the same ~arrell with prosperous successe Dec. I. Ii. I. above three hundred yeeres space, when Alphonsus the sixt tooke Toledo from the Mores. He, in recompence of good services in the Warres, gave unto Henry of Lorraine, whom some call Earle of Limbourg, his Daughter Teresa, with the Countrey of Portugall in Dowrie, and whatsoever he could further conquer from the Mores, by Title of an Earle: whose sonne Don Alphonso was the first King of that Realme, newly erected on the bloud and desolation of the Mores in those parts, whom by degrees they chased quite out of that Kingdome, from that time till that of John the first. He pur- suing that Hereditarie ~arrell, passed over Sea into Africa, and there tooke Cepta, and brake the Ice to his Posteritie, which made valiant and successefull progresse in those Designes of Africa, till their Navigations into Asia with greater hopes and happinesse, made them neglect that neerer and dearer Purchase. This Conquest of Cepta, or Seut, is mentioned by Thomas' Walsingham, which then lived, in these words: ' T. Wals. , This yeere the King of Portugall relying on the helpe of Hisl.Al1g.Al1. the Merchants of England most of all, and of the Almans, 141 S. 9 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILG RIMES 712-1420. overcame the Agarens in the Land of the King of the Betinarines, many thousands of them being sent to Hell; and tooke their Citie, seated on the Sea, called Sunt, very large, compassed with a Wall, as they say, of twentie miles.' Some reason the English had to this Assistance: for the Wife of Don John was Philip, Daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and Sister to Henry the fourth, whose sonne Henry the fifth then reigned in Eng- land. They did imitate also their English Ancestors, who long before, in the time of Henry the second, had joyned dA.D.1188. themselves with other Northerne d Pilgrimes for the vid. Mat. Expedition to the Holy-Land, and sayling together from P ariJ. in fine Hen. Dartmouth, about 37. ships well manned touched at 2. [1. ii. 5.] Lisbone, where the Portugall King besought their aid against the Mores i.n the Citie Sylvia, or Sylvis, profering to them the spoyle in recompence. Which they attempted, and on the third day of the Siege, brake into the Suburbs, and forced Alchad the Prince to yeeld the Citie, wherein were of all sorts above 60000. Mores, whereof 47000. were slaine, and the Mahumetan Temple consecrated to the Mother of God. Thus both at home and abroad were the PortugaIs in- debted to the English; as also in the example of some Englishmen, and namely one Macham, which had beene by tempest driven on shore in Madera: but in nothing more, then that English Lady before mentioned, whose third sonne Don Henry was the true foundation of the Greatnesse, not of Portugall alone, but of the whole Christian World, in Marine Affaires, and especially of these Heroike en devours of the English (whose flesh and bloud hee was) which this ensuing Historie shall pre- • See Dam. a sent unto you. Goes de . Aethiop.Mol'. This illustrious Henry having given proofe of his BarriuJ, Dec. valour against the Infidels at Cepta, devised ewith him- I. I. I. selfe, how he (being Governor of the Militarie Order of OJ01'. de Reb. Jesus Christ, formerly instituted, and endowed to main- Eman. I. I. taine Warres against the Mores, alreadie expelled out of MOJueuJ. H isl. I nd.l. I. Portugall) might advance the honor of his Name and 10 PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR A.D. 712-1420. Order, in Conquests which others had not yet attempted, and therefore in Discoveries of Countries yet unknowne. To this end he spent his life in single estate, and in the studies of the Mathematikes: for which purpose, he chose the clearer Ayre of Cape S. Vincent, that there he might better intend his Mathematicall Theorie, the prac- tike thereof in Instruments, and the use, in sending out Ships at his owne charge to discover remoter parts, whereof he had both heard by enquirie of Captives taken at Cepta, and conceived by his owne studie and reason (for besides that of Macham, ancient Histories give some light to the studious, in the f reports of Menelaus, Hanno, (ride P. Pilg. Eudoxus, and others) that the Atlantike and Indian Seas l·7· c. I2 .§.2. had concourse, the one yeelding passage to the other, or rather being one continued Ocean. He also from Majorca caused one Master James, a man skilfull in Navigation, and in Cards and Sea Instruments, to be brought into Portugall, there at his charge, as it were, to erect a Schoole of Marinership, and to instruct his Countreymen in that Mysterie. The first Ships which he sent, discovered no further then Cape Bogiador, 180. miles beyond Cape gNon (the Non • Of which ultra before, of the Spanish Navigations) beyond which their Proverbe was, He which they durst not passe, because of the loftie breaking of the shall passe the Surge, caused by the Capes extension farre into the Sea: Cape of Non, not daring (such was then the infancie of Navigation) to shall tume avoid the same, to put further off into the Sea, lest they againe, or elu might hap to lose themselves, if they lost the sight of be gone. Land. That which Art durst not, Tempest compelled in the next Barke sent for Discoverie, which with distresse of \Veather driven into Seas out of the Mariners knowledge, happily encountred that Iland, which they hereupon named Porto hSanto, and without further coasting the :L~:~':;: shore of Afrike, returned home with the newes, and their Haven: desire of licence to people it; so well did they like of the and Santo, j'or Ayre, Soyle, and gentle Condition of the Natives. The that it was Pnnce accordingly sent three Ships two of which hee j'ound on the commI. tte d to J h n Co nsa 1v o Zareo, 'and .Tnst an Vaz, the dSaayin tos.j All 0 II A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 712-1420. former Discoverers; the third to Bartholomew Perestrello, Coniu who with Seeds and Plants carried thither a i Conie great flrangely mul- with young; which lighting her burthen by the way, and tiplied. together with them put forth, so multiplyed in two yeeres, that they grew wearie of all their Labours, destroyed by those Conies. Whereupon Perestrello returning, the other two, Consalvo and Vaz would needs discover whether it were Land or no, which appeared unto them like Clouds or Vapours, and found it indeed the Iland k The !land of k Madera, ::>r Wood, so called of the abundance of Wood ::a~r;. or which then over-shadowed it, and with the moist Vapours to::red.tJ- had seemed to bury it in a Cloud. They returning with this newes to the Prince, received by the Kings consent the same Iland, divided betwixt them; the one part, called Funciale, to Consalvo and his heires; the other, * Madam an called * Machico, to Vaz. This was so named of an ~;~;~f7;a~~· Englishman, called Macham, which had before arrived l flano, An. Do. there by Tempest, and buried therein a Woman, whom 1344. he loved, with a memoriall thereof ingraven on the Stone of her Tombe; after which, with a Boat made of one Tree, he passed to the Coast of Barbary without Sayle or Oare, and being presented to the King for a Wonder, was by him sent to the King of Castile. m Bar. Det. 1. In the yeere 142 0. began that m Plantation, and the I. 1. c. 3· thicke Trees being by Consalvo set on fire, continued burning seven yeeres: which destruction of Wood hath caused since as great want. The Prince caused Sugar Canes to be carried from Sicilia thither, and men skilfull nMadera of that D Art, whereof the increase hath beene such, that Sugar. in some yeeres the fifth part (which the Prince reserved to his Militarie Order) hath amounted to above threescore thousand Arrobes (every Arrobe is five and twentie pounds) growing onely in one place, little more then nine o Poria 8 anlo miles compasse. To Perestrello 0 hee gave Porto Santo, peopltd. [I. on condition to people it, which hardly hee could doe for ii. 6.] the Conies, whereof in one little Islet at one time were killed three thousand. Twelve yeeres had passed, since the Prince had begun '2 PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR A.D. IHI. this Enterprise, before Cape Bajadore could be passed; such was the P conceit of tempestuous Seas, strong Cur- P Dijfou/ties rents, Whirle-pooles which would swallow Ships, beyond prete~depd,,'o l' stay tne nnce tha~ C~pe: yea ~hey added, ~hat t he L an d »:as not fit lOr from discofJer- habltatlOn, but like the sandIe Desarts of LIbya. Much ingforther. did they murmure, that the Natives of the Land were exhaust in Discoveries, which before, wise and provident Kings would have undertaken, had there beene likelyhood of successe; who yet contented themselves with the knowne World, and sought not a torrid Zone, unfit for humane dwelling. These costs might with lesse danger have beene bestowed in the barrenner parts of the Kingdome at home, without Sea-perils. These murmurings I recite, as alwayes attending and preoccupating great Actions, and to shew the poore Prentiship which Navigation then served, that it might attaine that Freedome which the next Age brought forth. The patient Prince endured these Exceptions, with quar- rellings at the Victualls, Money, and Men spent in a Service so unserviceable and needlesse, so dangerous, so hurtful, and so! what every barking Tongue could alledge; nor could the apparant profits of Madera and Porto Santo stop their mouthes. His men also, which he sent forth, preyed on the Coasts of Barbary, and tooke Slaves, which helpe bare charges. But one of his servants, named Q Gilianes, seeing the q Bojadore Prince discontent that they went no further, adventured fi"It pamd. that Herculean Labour (as it then seemed) and passed that Turneagaine or Bajadore Cape, with some proofe of the Plants, report of the Seas passable, and commendations of the Ayre and Soyle in those parts. This happened 'Cape Blanco. An. 1433 . ' Popes Dona- The next yeere Anton. Consalvo pierced fortie miles tion,aJ ucurity agoinIt Forei- further, and found the Countrey inhabited. Nor could nerJ, and an m~ch mo~e be effected, till the yeere 1441. when Nugno incentifle to Tnstan dIscovered ' Cape Blanco, and tooke some Pris- the rJulgar, oners. After which, Prince H enry obtained 'of Pope accDrding to Martin the fifth a perpetuall Donation to the Crowne of the conceit if those times. A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1441. Portugall, of whatsoever should be discovered /Tom Cape Bajadore to the East Indies inclusively, and Indulgence plenarie for the Soules of all such as should perish in that Conquest: which the succeeding Popes, Eugenius, Nicholas, and Sixtus confirmed, at the instance of King Alphonsus and his sonne John. 1443· At the next 'returne they traded with the Negros for exchange of their Men, for which they had Gold and. other Slaves, whereupon they called the place the Golden River, and passed further to the Isles of Argin and Garze. Gold made a recantation of former Murmurings, and now the Prince was extolled; yea, U now the inhabitants of Lagos capitulated with the Prince to set forth Carveiles at their owne charges, which tooke many Captives. '8anaga and The yeere 1445. Denis Fernandez passed the River' Cape Yerde. Sanaga, which divideth the Azenegui from those of Guinea, called Gialof, and discovered also Cape Verde. Other Discoveries successively followed; in which, some having made slaves of friends, the Prince made the Authors apparrell and send them backe at their owne charges, to the Canaries, whence they had stolne them. Y CanarieJ. These YCanaries, by relations of Macham the English. Ant. Gaff/ana. man aforesaid, became knowne to the French and M achal1l fint diJcOrJerer of Spaniards; and Betancor, which held three of them in Madera and possession, compounded for them with Prince Henry: the CanarieJ. but the Spaniard challenged them, as conquered by that Frenchman through the aid of Castile; under which Crowne they now are, after many choppings and chang- ings. But the Prince never gave over his en devours of D iscoverie, till he discovered the Cdestiall Jerusalem, Z PrinceHemy which ' happened the thirteenth of November, I463. hiJ death. three and fortie yeeres after Madera had beene descryed: in all which time, his Travell succeeded no further then from Bajadore to Sierra Liona, one thousand one hundred and tenne miles space, in neere fiftie yeeres continued Cares and Costs. So hard a thing is it to discover. An argument of patience to our Moderne Discoverers, which are readie to murmure, and almost to mutinie, if '4 PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR A.D. 1486. new Worlds drop not into their mouthes at the first Voyage. A Ii ttle before his death, the Ilands of * Cape Verde "l/and, of were discovered by Antonio di Nolle, a Genuois, licensed Cape·rerde discovered. by the Prince. On May Even was Maio found, and on BOlero d.lsole. the next day two others, called also of the Time, one Philip, and the other Jacob, or Jago, which was first peopled. In his time * also were discovered the Terceras, * Terw'as diJ- by certaine Flemmings sayling to Lisbone; which first {overed, or Azores, or began to be peopled An. 1449. Flemmish King Alphonsus having little leysure for further Dis- l/ands, coveries, farmed the same to Fernand Gomez, a Citizen of Lisbone, for five yeeres space, with condition every yeere to discover three hundred miles, to begin from Sierra Liona, and so to proceed along the Coast. He dis- covered * Mina by Santaren and Scovare his Captaines; *Mina. and after that, to Cape S. Catarine, on the South side of the Line. In that time was also discovered the Iland of Fer- nand Po, the Ilands also of S. Thomas, S. Matthew, Annobon, & del Principe; the Names of the Discoverers are unknowne. §. III. [1. ii, 7.] Of King J ohn the second his Discoveries, and advancement of the Art of Navigation. John the second having some experiment of Profits of Guinea, which King Alphonso had bestowed on him for his Princely maintenance, could not now by the Objections of the length of the Way, unholesomenesse of the Countrey, expence of Victuall, and the like, be detained by his Counsellors; but in the yeere 1481. he sent a Fleet of ten * Caravels, under the *One oflhe command of Diego Dazambuia, to build the Castle of S. C aplaineJ was George della Mina, which in the yeere 1486. he dignified an Englishman called Diego o! with the Priviledges of a Citie. In the Church thereof JameJ Ruiz. was ordayned a perpetuall Soule-Priest for Prince Henry aforesaid: and three yeeres after that Castle was builded, '5 A.D. PURCHAS H IS PILGRIMES 1486. he added to his Regall Title, Lord of Guinea. Cara- mansa the Lord of the Countrey would have hindered that Building, and the people (which worshipped the Stones and Rockes) mutined; but the Popes Gift, with their Strength, Gifts, Cunning, and some Revenge, prevayled: Stone C,'oms The King commanded, that Stone Crosses or Pillars, with '()I' Pillars .erected in the Portugall Armes, should be set up in convenient places, places dis- expressing the time and Authors of such Discoveries. So covered. did Diego Can 1484. on the Bankes of the River Zaire, ~Zaire {j in the first Discoverie of the Kingdcme of a Congo (the Congo. King whereof, as also the King of Benin, desired Priests, and Baptisme) and in his next returne two others, having discovered six hundred miles, and in both his Voyages I I25. miles from Cape Catarine, further on the Coast. By the Embassador of the King of Benin (which is not farre from Mina) the King of Portugall understood of the bNewesfrom b Abassine, commonly called Prester John, by them Ogane, Benin ofP res- whose Vassall the King of Benin then was, none being byter John. , KingofBenin cacknowledged law full Prince, till he had sent his Em- tribatarie to bassadour to the said Ogane, and had received from him him. :l. Crosse to weare about his necke, in token of his admis- d Enquirie fa/' sion . Hereupon King John sent both dby Sea and him by Sea Land to inquire both of the Indies, and of this great 4nd Land. Negus, or Ogane: by Sea, two Pinnaces, of fiftie Tunnes apiece, under the conduct of Bartholomew Diaz, with a little Victualling Barke, in August, I486. Hee set cer- taine Negros on shore in divers places, which had beene before carried into Portugall, and well used, that among those Savages they might relate the Portugall Civilitie and Greatnesse; carrying also with them some shewes thereof in Apparrell, and other things given them; and to make knowne, if it were possible, his desire, to find by his Discoveries meanes of acquaintance with Prester John. He gave Names to places discovered, and erected Pillars or Crosses of Stone (as is said) the last in the Ile called hereof, the Crosse; where his people with much disquiet urged his returne, alledging their Victuals spent, and the 16 KING JOHN THE SECOND losse of their Victualling Barke. Yet after consultation, hee proceeded so farre, that hee first discovered the famous Cape, which for his manifold troubles he termed Cabo Tormentoso, or the tempestuous Cape: but King John hoping thence to discover the Indies, named it at his returne the ·Cape of Good Hope; where hee placed ·Cabo T or- another Pillar of Stone, called S. Philip; as the other were ;:'~0'/iop~ OJ termed S. George in the River of Zaire, S. Augustine in finl dis- ' the Cape thereof so termed, and likewise the rest. He cOflered. returned in December, 1487. sixteene moneths and seven- teene dayes after his setting out, having discovered a thousand and fiftie miles of Coast. He found by the way his Victualler, wherein he had left nine men, of which, three onely were left alive; f one of which, Fernand (Dealh cauud Colazzo, died with sudden joy of this sight nine moneths by sudden joy. The like hap- after the losse of each other. ned 10 an By Land, the King had sent some by the way of Englishman, Jerusalem to passe with the Abassine Pilgrims; which left 14· yet, for want of the Arabick Tongue, returned. Where- m01lelhs in 8. upon he sent Peter gCovilian, well skilled therein, and Heuna. • Peler Co- with him Alphonso Pajua, in May, 1487. which went to flilian firsl Alexandria, thence to Cairo, and thence with certaine discOfJerer oj Mores to Aden: from whence Pajua went to seeke a pas- Presler John, sage to Prester John, but died at Cairo. Covilian from and oflhe Indies, (;f Aden, neere the straits of the red Sea, imbarked himselfe Sofa/a. for Cananor, and thence to Calicut and Goa in the East Indies: from whence he returned unto Africa, neere the Mines of Sofala, and after that to Cairo, with purpose of returne into Portugall. But the King had sent by two Spanish Jewes, Rabbi Abraham and R . Joseph, the latter of which had beene at Bagdad, and had acquainted the King with the Trade at Ormus, and from thence had passed to Aleppo and Damasco, and was now sent backe to Covilian, that by the one an answere might be brought what he had done, with charge not to desist, till he had beene with the Abassine, to whom he imployed him in Embassage: the other, to goe to Ormus, and informe himselfe of the Alfaires of those parts. By Joseph, II 17 B A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 14.87. Covilian wrote to the King, and to encourage his Naviga- tions, sent him a Mappe of his Discoveries in India, and [I. ii. 8.] on the African Coast. Hee pierced after this, to the Court of Alexander the Abassine, who kindly entertained him, but soone after died; neyther would his successors permit that Ulysses to returne, a man of many Languages, and much usefull for his experience in the World: but to Fronci! Francis Alvares, which accompanied Roderike de Lima in Alfloru. an Embassage thither almost thirtie yeeres after, hee related the summe of his Travels. Many other worthy Acts were performed by King John, in seeking to reduce some of these wild people both in Guinea and Congo, to holy Baptisme and Christian Religion, not so pertinent to this our purpose: but this was the furthest of his Discoveries. He had omitted an opportunitie offered by Columbus, whom in his first returne from the Indies with his new Indians, he saw in March, 1493. But Occasions Head in the hinder parts was bald, the Spaniard having before fastned on her fore- Rulu oj' lockes. Yet doth Navigation owe as much to this Prince A!lronomie as to any, who had imployed Roderigo and Joseph, his jim applyed 10 Navigation. Jewish Physicians, cunning Mathematicians of that time, with Martin Bohemus the Scholler of John Monte Regius, to devise what helpes they could for the Mariners in their saylings thorow urknowne Seas, where neyther Starres (as unknowne) nor Land (being out of kenne) could guide them. These first, after long study, applyed the A!lrolabe,and Astrolabe, before used onely by Astronomers, to Marine Table! oj' use, and devised the Tables of Declinations, to find out Decli11ation!. the Latitude of Places, and how to direct their course (which was afterwards by the knowledge of the Variation, exceedingly furthered) whereby the Mariners Art first began to free it selfe from the rudenesse of former times, and in these Navigations of Canus and Dias, as those also of Columbus, to prepare a Way to open our Eyes in these parts, to see a new World, and there in those, to see a new Heaven by Evangelical! Light, whereof a little misled glimpse they have alreadie; an Earnest (as wee 18 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1447-92 . hope) of more, and more perfect, by Gods grace in due time to be revealed. §. IIII. Of the Conjectures touching aNew World by Christopher Colon or Columbus, and his manifold Difficulties therein. unto Portugall was Spaine beholden for Colum- bus, and Columbus also for his skill, whereby the Columbian (so titlier named, then American) World was discovered. This Columbus or Colombo (by the Spaniards for easier pronunciation termed Colon) was borne, some say, at Sarona, some at Nervi, others in Cicurco, in the territorie of Genua, of an ancient House, of great reputation in the Empire of Otho the second H ereraDec. I . (whose Charters to the Family of the Columbi are yet I. I. c. 7. Gomara Hist. extant) but now almost antiquated, rotten and ruined with Gen. c. 14. antiquitie. He began to embrace the Sea, and use Navi- Sec Edens gation in his Childhood, and traded many yeeres into Preface to Pet. Syria and other parts of the East; and became also a Mart. Dec. maker of Cards for the Sea. The fame of the Portugall Navigations brought him thither, to learne the Coasts of Africa, and with their skill to amend his Cards, and withall, his fortunes. There he married a Wife, Philippa Mumiz de Perestrello (by whom he had his sonne James) and traded the Coast of Guinea. Some skill, it is manifest, hee had in the Latine Tongue, and was very studious of the Mathematikes, being also in his Religion (according to that knowledge he had) very devout, frequent in Batera Re/.un. Prayer, observant of Fasts, temperate in Diet, modest in parte 4· t. 2. Attyre, gravely courteous in Behavior, abstinent of Oathes, and abhominating Blasphemies. Such an one did God make him, before he would make him a Discoverer. And as the Psalmist singeth of Heavenly, it is true also P,. 25 . in Earthly Mysteries, The secret of the Lord is with them that feare him, and the meeke he will guide in judgement: Which easily sheweth the cause why no better A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 14+7-92 . successe hath followed some mens endevours, who going forth with high-swolne Sayles, filled with puffes of Pride, and blasts of Arrogance, addicting themselves to Swear- ing, Cursing, and other resolute Dissolutenesse (as if they sought Discoveries in the infernall Regions, and acquaint- ance with those Legions of Hell, rather then to discover Lands, and recover Infidels to internall peace by the eternall Gospell) eyther perish at Sea, or returne with the gaine of losse, and shame, in stead of glory. Our Chris- topher Columbus was such in Deed as in Name, carrying Christ in his heart, and Dove-like lovely carriage in conversation. He is reported by Gomara, Mariana, and others, to have beene first moved to this Discoverie by a Pilot, which had beene before by distresse of Weather driven upon the Ilands of America, which the most judicious Spaniards HertraDec. I . either omit or deny; Benzo and Ramusio thinke it a I. I . Oviedo I. z. tricke of Spanish envy, derogating from the worth of an [ I. ii. 9.] Italian. But the reasons more probable, are his piercing Wit, judicious observation of Occurrents, learning in the Mathematikes, and the speciall instinct of Divine Pro- vidence, without which no humane patience could have sustained such magnanimous Indevours, so long con- Columbo'l temned, so much, so variously condemned. Experience groundl }Or of the PortugaIs, amongst whom he dwelt, had taught diIcoverie of tlu new him the vanitie of Antiquitie touching the Antipodes, the War/d. Torrid Zone not habitable, and that the Sea was every way Navigable. Art instructed him of the roundnesse of this inferior Globe (which in the Moones Ecclipse is visible) and the proportionablenesse of the Earth to the Water, that as much dry Land might be as well on that, as on this side the Line: neyther was it likely, that so huge a quantitie of the Globe should be covered with Waters, which was made principally for the use and habi- tation of Man; or that this Globe was not equally poyzed on both sides that Centre, which is one to it and the Water; or that there should be such huge Lands (if they were Lands) in this old Age of the World, not inhabited 20 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1447-92 • by Man, whose Blessing from the Creator was to fill or replenish the Earth, renewed againe after the Floud j or Gen. 1. 18. that the Indies in the East might not in the Earths C;f 9. I. ~ . Globositie be as readily found out by the West, following the Sunne in his dayly Journey, which with all his Night- watch of Starres was as unlike to be there appointed a continuall course and circular Race for the Seas or Desart Lands. Experiments had also taught him, both by rela- tion of the PortugaIs in their longer Voyages, and in his owne on the West of Spaine, that the Westerne Winds holding a constant course yeerely, and that also faITe off at Sea, could not but arise from some Lands further Westward, then any yet knowne; And Martin Vincent, a Mariner which used the Azores or Terceras, had told him, that he was once carried foure hundred and fiftie leagues to the West of Cape S. Vincent, and there tooke up a piece Her. Dec. I . of Wood or Timber, wrought by mans hand, and that, as I. I. (. 1 . farre as he could judge, without Iron, which he imagined had come from some Westerne Iland. Pedro Correa, which had married his Wives sister, had likewise signified to him, that at Puerto Santo he had seene the like Peece driven thither by the Westerne Winds, wrought in the same fashion; and besides, he had seene great Canes which in each knot might containe above two gallons of Water, which he also sent to him to see; which being unlikely to grow in the knowne parts of the West, and having read of such growing in India, he supposed, that some long and violent Westerne Winds had brought them thither from thence. The inhabitants also of the Azores had told him, that strong West and Northwest Winds had brought by Sea upon Graciosa and Fayal certaine Pine trees, two dead men also on the Coast of Flores, with larger faces then are usuall in these parts, and of other favor, and two Canoas another time driven also by the Wind. Antonio Leme of Madera had related, that being carried in his Carvile farre Westward, he had seemed to see three Ilands; And another of that Iland had sued to the King of Portugall in the yeere 1484. for licence to 21 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 14-47-9 2 • discover certaine Land which he sware he had seene every yeere over-against the Azores. Diego Yelazques had fortie yeeres before beene carried farre into the West, and there observed the Seas and Winds such, as if the Land were not farre off, as he affirmed to Columbus: and an- other Mariner told him of Land hee had seene farre West from Ireland, which is supposed to be New-found-Land. Petro de Velasco had signified the like, in his going for Ireland; and Vincent Diaz, a Portugall Pilot, had seemed to himselfe, in his returne from Guiliea, to see an Iland in the height of Madera, for which also search was after made, but no discoverie. These things argue his laborious industrie and diligent enquirie: his readings of Marco Polo and other Journals (that I mention not the Ancients) did not a little animate him, as may appeare in his enquirie for Zipango, men- tioned by Polo, supposed now to be Japan; and naming Hispaniola Ophir, thinking, or seeming to thinke, that he W hy America had found out the East Indies. And for that cause was called India. this New World called the Indies also, with distinction of West: and this was his maine argument to such Princes as he sought to patronize this his discoverie, the riches of the East Indies, promised by a Westerne Navigation. And herein his resolution was admirable, that howsoever some derided as folly, others rejected as impossible, his suit, yet he never desisted. Hee first propounded it to his Countreymen the I . di B arros Genuois, and found, that a Prophet found no profit at in his Dec. I . lib. 3. cap. II. home; he seconded it in Portugall where he dwelt, and wilh, Ihal he was married at Lisbone, and had learned most of his Art was nol be· and Intelligence, confirmed therein also by Martin leefled al all, Bohemus the Mathematician; but John the second did and licenced by Ihe King to goe not second his desires, as adjudged vaine by Roderigo and for Castile. Joseph the Jewes, before mentioned, with other Com- But we have mittees; which yet moved with his reasons, counselled followed the King secretly to send a Carvell, under colour of a H erera in the if Voyage, to Cape Verde, to make this Discoverie; wherein TlIOIt part this relation. crossed with foule Weather, they effected nothing. This 22 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1447-92 • made him out of love with Portugall, and to send his brother Bartholomew to King Henry the seventh of England with the same suit : who falling into the hands of Pyrats, was forced to sustaine himselfe with making Sea-Cards, and so long deferred for want of sutable suites, to make his suit and petition to the King, that when it was granted, and his brother sent for, hee had sped before in Spaine. Thither had hee himselfe repaired in the yeere 1484. secretly, and by Sea, for feare of the PortugaIs, which had before deluded him: Ferdinand and Isabel the Catholike Princes being then busied in Warre against the [1. ii. 10.] Mores of Granada. But having spent five yeeres in pur- suing his suit, his answer from the Court was, That the Kings Treasure was so exhaust in the Conquest of Granada, that they could not entertaine new expences: but those being ended, they would better examine his intent, and give him dispatch. Much was Columbus aggrieved at this answer, yet failed not his constancie. Hee caused his desires to be made knowne to the Dukes of Medina Cceli, and of Medina Sidonia, but with effect like the former. Twice hee purposed (as his sonne Fernand Columbus writeth) to leave Spaine, and goe himselfe into France or England, whence hee had not heard of his brother Bartholomew: but Divine Providence otherwise disposed. And hee which hitherto had not found credit to advance, nay, scarcely meanes, but in great part, by the bountie of Alphonso di ~intaniglia, the Kings chiefe Auditor, to sustaine him, obtained the Letters of Frier Juan Perez de Marchena to Frier Fernando di Talovera the ~eenes Confessor, and at last, by the mediation of the Cardinali Mendoza, Archbishop of Toledo, procured audience and graunt of the Catholike Kings, ~eene Isabel taking order with Lewis of S. Angelo to empawne some of her Jewels, to the value of two thousand Duckats for his Expedition, which yet he lent out of his purse: so low was the Treasure of Spaine, when God offered them the 'Vesterne Treasurie. A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1492. Magnanimous Columbus, not broken with Povertie at home, with Affronts and Discountenances abroad, with imputations of impotent, almost impudent, at least as imprudent as importunate fancies of impossible, impas- sable Navigations by unknowne Seas to unknowne Lands! not amated so farre, as to abate his Conditions of no small nature to him and his heires, as if he had alreadie effected his designes: not desiring any reward, except he found somewhat answerable to his promise, nor lesse then, than the Office and Title of Admirall by Sea, and Vice-Roy on Land, with the Tenth of the Profits thorow all the Seas, Ilands, or firme Lands (to himselfe during his life, and after, to his heires and successors) whatsoever he should O",ied. H iII. discover: which (saith Oviedo) he enjoyed whiles he lived, de/ Ind. /. z. 5. his sonne Admirall, James or Don Diego Colombo, after c. Herera Dec. him, and his nephew Don Lewis Colombo the Admirall I. t. I. c. 10. at this day. This composition was made betwixt him and the Catholike Kings in the Field before Granada, then besieged, in the middest of the Armie, the seventeenth of April, 1492. as if God would reward their endevours and expences, in rooting out the Mores, which had pos- sessed those parts of Spaine above seven hundred yeeres, with this New Discoverie, so profitable to the Spanish Crowne. §. V. Columbus his first Voyage, and improvement therein of the Mariners Art. Friday, the third of August, the same yeere, hee set forth with his three Caravels from Palos; him- "Oviedo hath selfe in the Admirall, called * Santa Maria; the Gal/ega. second Pinta, in which was Captaine Martin Alonso Pinzon, and his brother Francisco Martinez Pinzon, Master; the third Ninna, whose Captaine and Master was Vincent Yannez Pinzon, which found halfe that eighth Mart. Dec. f.j part of the expence which Colombo had covenanted to Oviedo. contribute. There were in all (some say) an hundred and 14 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1492 . twenty men; Herera hath but ninety. On the fourth of August, the Rudder of the Pinta proved loose, which they fastened as well as they could with Cords, but soone after with force of Wind brake, and they were all compelled to strike sayle; which, in such a Voyage as this (they knew not whither) could not but be troublesome, and seeme also ominous. On the eleventh of August they had sight of the Canaries; where having refreshed themselves in the Ile Gomera, they hasted thence the sixt of September, for feare of the PortugaIs, who had set forth three Carvels to take them. The seventh they lost sight of Land, with sighes and teares, many of them fearing never to see it againe; whom Don Christopher comforted as well as he could, with promises of rich Discoveries: and sayling that day *eighteene leagues, he reckoned no more then *Wknhehad fifteene, diminishing his accompt, to make them seeme runne above neerer home. On the foureteenth of September he first ;;~~n;~ Iwe observed the Variation of the Compas, which no man till then 600. nor then had considered, which every day appeared more their PilotJ evident. On Sunday, the sixteenth, they saw pieces of mud mort .. Grasse, or Herbes, on the W ater, of a pale greene colour, ~:;t::~by and on one of them a Grasse-hopper alive, and some alway large. signes of Land approching, made some beleeve they had * ThiJ Gram seene it. On the nineteenth they saw an Alcatraz (a they call Sal- kind of Sea-Fowle) and the next day two, which with gazzi,orSara- . gam, Jloting other G rasse every day encreasmg, encreased their hopes in divtrJ of Land, save that the Grasse sometimes hindered their plam thiJ and ~~ ~~ All this while he had the Wind in poupe which on the whl~h at firIt two an d twentl. et h f Se 0 ptem b er came cro' sse at South- terrified them, al if they had west; and the Spaniards murmured, that the former encountred Winds, which had been large to bring them hither, would Junktn Lands. never permit their rerurne to Spaine, and now began to blame the King and Qgeene, which had listned to that bold Italian, resolving to pursue the Voyage no further (the Admirall using all his '''its to the contrarie in vaine, mixing with Promises and Prayers, Threats and Menaces) [1. ii. 11.] alledging, That he thought to make himselfe a great Lord '5 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1492 . with the price of their lives; and that they had alreadie done their dutie, sayling further from Land then ever any had: nor ought they to be guiltie of their owne deaths, proceeding they knew not whither, till Yictuals fayled them, which alreadie would scarcely hold out their returne, nor yet the Carvels, being alreadie spent, and faultie, with other like quarrels: threatning to throw him into the Sea, if he would not returne; and if hee were so desperate to perish, they would save themselves. Colombo sweetly calmed those tempests with gentle words and rich pro- mises, and (as is thought, before agreed upon) talking with Vincent Pinzon, suddenly cryed, Land, Land, on the five and twentieth of September, which filled them with cheare and hope, which yet proved but Clouds: and there- fore howsoever the mutinous tempest was for a time stilled, yet on the second of October that storme revived with such force, that hee having prolonged as farre as hee might, with likelier signes dayly of Land, at last he indented with them for three dayes. This they promised to trie, but not one houre longer; saying, all were Lyes which he had promised. The first of these dayes he perceived by the Sunne-set, that Land was neere, and commanded, that they should abate their Sayles in the Night; in which Night hee spyed Light. Rod. de Two houres after Midnight, Rodrigo de Triana des- Trim/a ji~Jt cryed Land on the eleventh of October, 1492. which Jaw Land. when it was day, they saw to be an Iland of fifteene lea~ues compasse, plaine and woodie, with a great Poole of tresh Water, the naked people wondring on the shore, thinking their Shippes were living Creatures. They went on Gutmahani, or Land, and termed it San Salvador, by the Inhabitants Son Solflador. called Guanahani, one of the Iles Lucayos, nine hundred and fiftie leagues from the Canaries, and having said a Te Deum on his knees, with teares in his eyes, Colombo tooke possessi911 in name of the Catholike Kings, Ferdi- nand and Isabella, in presence of Rodrigo de Escovedo, Notarie; the Spaniards also acknowledging him for Vice- Roy. The people wondred at the Beards, vVhitenesse, 26 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1492 • Clothing of the Spaniards, who gave them coloured Caps, Glasse-beads, and other Toyes. And when they departed, the naked Natives followed, some in Canoas, others swim- A Conoa if a ming after them. They were all naked, their haire bound boat made of one tree, which up, their stature meane, bodies well formed, colour like they wrought those of the Canaries, Olive, painted some blacke, others into that forme of other colours, in part, or all over the body, as each best with Iharpe fancied. They knew not the use of Iron, or Weapons, but ItoneJ, {j' helpe of. fire: IOllle layd their hands on the edge of the Sword. They saw caried but one, no living Creatures but Parrats among them. They {j' IOllle abofJe trucked for Cotton Yarne, and had Rings of Gold in their 40. or 50.lllen Nosethrils, which they said that it came from the South, in tMIll. where they had a King rich therein. They tooke the Spaniards to be men come from Heaven. On the fifteenth of October he went seven leagues thence to another Iland (which he called Santa Maria de la s. Maria de/a Concecion) the seventeenth, to Fernandina, where the Conception. Fernandina. Women, with Cotton short Coates, from the Navill to the mid Thigh, covered their nakednesse. The fourth Iland he called Isabella, and thereof (as of all the former) habella. tooke solemn possession. He would not suffer any of his companie to take ought from the Natives in any place. Thence he passed to Cuba, and went on Land, thinking Cuba. i t to be Zipango; and some Indians which he carried with him, signified, that there was Gold and Pearles. He sent two Spaniards with two Indians, to search the Coun- trey, which found a Towne of fiftie houses of about a thousand persons (for a whole Kindred or Linage dwelt together in one house) where the people kissed their hands and feet, thinking them heavenly Wights, gave them Bread of a Root, and perfumed them with certaine Herbes burned. They saw store of Cotton growing of it selfe, and strange kinds of Birds and Trees. The Spaniards had most mind to the Gold which they saw in their Noses, of which they questioned these Indians, who answered Cubanacan, that is in the midst of Cuba which the Spaniards understood of the Can of Cathay, mentioned by Marco Polo. In hope of singular successe; Martin 27 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES '492 • Alonso Pinzon left the Admirall, who also left Cuba, which he called Juana, in honour of the Prince of Castile, to seeke that Iland which he named Hispaniola, before Hayti. For having demanded of Zipango in Cuba, the Indians thinking hee had meant Cibao, which is one of the richest Mines of Hispaniola, directed him thither. Here giving a Woman which they tooke, Meat, Drinke, and Clothes, he sent with her some of his Indians, which reported much good of the Spaniards, whence grew much acquaintance betwixt them, and after, with their King Guacanagari, which entreated Colombo to come aland. A Fori. Here he lost his principall Ship, and erected a Fort, called the Nativitie, and understood of the Golden Pro- vinces of this Iland: and having good remonstrance of his Golden Hopes and Haps also, in exchange for Trifles, with some Indians taken with him, leaving eight and thirtie Spaniards in his new Fort, after reconciliation with Pinzon (the Indians, which carried the Admirals Letter to him, attributed their mutuall understanding to some Deitie therein) he prepared for his returne. Before this, he charged them to behave themselves with all due respects to Guacanagari, and to his Indians, without wrong to any: and on Friday, the fourth of January, in the yeere I493. (after their account) sayled Three Mer- from the Port of Nativitie. He saw three Mermaids maids. leaping a good height out of the Sea, Creatures (as hee affirmed) not so faire as they are painted, somewhat [1. ii. 12.J resembling Men in the face, of which at other times he said he had seene on the Coast of Guinea. In his returne, he discovered a great part of the Coast of Hispaniola, and gave Names to Capes and Harbours. In this Voyage, Colombo is said first to have taught the Spaniards, in their sayling, to observe the Sunne and Pole in their Navigations, which they before knew not. Observing by his skill in Astronomie, that the Moone being in con- junction with Mercury, and opposition with Jupiter, and the Sunne also in like opposition, to produce great Windes, hee made some stay, and had new commerce 28 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1493· with other Indians, where accidentally happened the first quarrell and skirmish betwixt the Spaniards and Natives. But so one after their King sent them his Crowne of Gold, and much Victuall, and gave them further intelligence. From this Gulfe de las Flechas, or of Arrowes, on Wed- nesday the seventeenth of Januarie, hee departed, and made homewards: in which it is observed, that as in their way to the Indies, having the Wind large, they reckoned farre fewer leagues then they sayled, so in their returne they accounted more, the Admirals reckoning being a hundred and fiftie lesse then theirs. A tedious Tempest befell them in Februarie: wherein Pilgrimages other remedies seeming to fayle, they vowed Pilgrimages flowed. to our Lady by Lot; the first fell on the Admirall him- selfe, to Guadalupe; the second to Loretto, on Pedro de Villa; and a third Vow was common to all, that they should at the first Church of our Lady they came to, make Procession in their shirts, with other like devoted Devotions. How unlike was this to that of the Psalmist, in like PJ. 107. 24, stormes happening to them that see the Wonders of the 25,26,27,28, Lord in the Deepe. For the Lord commandeth and 29, 30, 31. rayseth the stormie Wind, which lifteth up the Waves thereof. They mount up to the Heaven, they goe downe againe to the Depths, their Soule is melted because of trouble. They reele too and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits end. Then they cry unto the Lord in their trouble, and he bringeth them out of their distresses. He maket? the Storme a Calme, so that the V>laves th~reof are stIll.. Then are they glad, because they be qUIet. So he bnngeth them unto their desired Haven. 0 that men would prayse the Lord (not ~oe on Pilgrimage to our Lady) for his goodnesse and tor his wonderfull workes to the children of men, &c. The Psalmist in like case is to distressed Mariners a Proflidenct, better Admirall then Colombo, whose devotion herein 1m llu Yoyage fay"l ed in bth e Object. Yet his diligence and wisedome in Jhould mis- th carry. IS IS to e commended, that fearing shipwracke, lest this A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493· famous Discoverie might also be lost, he writ the whole Discourse in Parchment, and folding it in a Seare-cloth, he put it in a Barrell or Hogs-head, which he threw into the Sea. But on the fifteenth of February they saw Land, being S. Maries Iland, one of the Azores; where going on shore to fulfill their vowed Pilgrimage, the Governour came upon them, and after many words told them, that hee had order from the King of Portugall to take them. But making an escape, another Storme tooke them, and caused another Pilgrimage to be voy'ed to our Lady of Bar. Dec. I . Cinta, the Lot falling on the Admirall: And thus was he 1.3.(. II. forced to Lisbone; where, after much contesting with the Portugais, the King sent for him, being now much grieved for omitting such an opportunitie; yet used him kindly, although there were that offered to kill Colombo, before hee should carry newes of this Discoverie to Spaine ; the rather, for his boldnesse, objecting to the King his neglect. But the gentle King reproved these cruell Gentlemen, and after kind usage, licenced him to depart. True it is, that the Portugall Nation have in their Bookes and Writings sought to obscure this Exploit of Columbus, attributing it rather to a Dreame of Zipango out of Marco Polo, and his confident glorious nature, seconded by successe unlooked for (for which as idle imaginations, their King had refused his offer) then any such excellencie as the Castilian Writers ascribe to him. But Envy is the darke shadow, that alwayes followes him at the heeles, which walkes in the bright Sunne-light of Vertue and high Attempts. Even the Spaniards them- selves, not only by the tale of the Pilot before mentioned, but by light esteeme of his worth have shewed a con- temptible contempt of him: some of whom objecting to himselfe the easinesse of this Discoverie, as he sate at Table, he prayed to make an Egge, which then he gave them, to stand on end; which when they could not, hee bruising the shell, and making the end flat, made it to stand thereon: thereby insinuating, how easie it was for 30 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS A.D. 1493-99· them to doe that which they had seene and learned of him. Yea, the Pinzons, his chiefe Associates, by like spirit of proud Envy, maligned him; one of which had, after the Islands discovered, forsaken him, as yee have heard: which hee was forced to dissemble, and be reconciled, the most of his companie being of kinne to the Pinzons, or at lest inhabitants of Palos with them. They also entred sui t with Colombo, and arrogated to their owne valour this Discoverie, which Columbus would (after so many dayes not finding Land) have forsaken, but was proceeded in by their resolution. And in his third Voyage 1494. Roldanus Ximenius raysed a Rebellion in those parts, and effected, that Bovadilia was sent Governour into Hispaniola, who sent the Admiral!, with his Brother, Prisoners al! the way, of his long discoverie into Spaine, for which he had so adventured. These Iron Chaynes could cold Envy, for so much Gold, for such a World, render unto that Worthy of Men. But the Catholike Kings of higher Spirits (for Envy, the first sinne we read [1. ii. 13.] of in the Devili, and which made him a Devill, as Ter- Impatientitr tuliian and Cyprian in their Tractates of Patience have natal" ah ipIO b D iah. dep re-o served, the first also in the first-borne Man, which made hendo. D ia- him an incarnate Devili and Murtherer, is but the sinke holul jam tum and settled Dregs of Basenesse, which wanting proper eu,?, DellI worth, malignes it to others) these much honoured Colum- unt~e~Jaopera b us, as w.e 11 t he y mi. gh t? an d con fi rmed h. I'S Pn'v ~' 1e d ges jheocmimtntt ,I uimh-- anew, beSides many speCiall graces done him, as did also patientertulit. the Cardinali of Spaine, and still is done by their ingenu- Nee enim ous Writers, Oviedo, H erera, and others. doluiuet Ii ThI'S Ston'e at 1a rge I h ave set d owne, t h at D'I scoverers JnUeeJ tiinnuviiJdJittu, et may by this example learne to digest greater Stormes at Iinondoluiuet. home, then the boysterous Elements in their tempestuous Tert. de pati- Conspiracie yeeld them; and to know, that Pusillanimitie entia. and Impatience are the unfittest Attempters in the World. The Spaniards other Discoveries in the American parts (for so were they called of Americus Vesputius, a Floren- tme, who accompanied Colombo in his first Voyage, and 3 1 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493-99' after discovered a greater part of the Continent then the Admirall had, as Cabota in that did more then they both) I list not to pursue; easie it is to know, that Gold bartered for Glasse, Beads, Needles, and other Toyes, would be strongly active, and strangely attractive to new Dis- Cyp. de bOl/o coveries. Dimidium facti qui bene cocpit, habet. Cortes pal. Diabolus his Conquest of Mexico, and Pizarro his Peru were not hominem ad imaginem D ei comparable to their Masters Master-Peece, who found faclum im- the New World, to find them worke. Before Colombo paliel/ler lulil, went his second Voyage, he left a Card, contayning the iI/de tf periil. description of the whole Navigation and Discoverie, in primus tf perdidit. Spaine with the Kings, and his sonnes, Pages to the Prince. §. VI. Of the Popes Bull made to Castile, touching the New Wor1d. Catholike Kings, presently after that first Dis- coverie, gave accompt thereof to the Pope, which then was Alexander the sixt (before named Borgia, a Spaniard of Valentia) by his Embassadour, and desired his favour for the Crowne of Castile and Lions, in the Grant of those New Discoveries, made or to be made : For long since had the P ope challenged Christs right over the Christian World. Adrian the fourth, in his Letters of Ireland to King Henry the second affirmeth, That all Ilands under the Sunne, of righteousnesse belong to Papall disposition. This secon}.i Alexander, in Gods right, claymes al! the World: & in ordine ad Deum, for the conversion (forsooth) to the Faith, the temporall E states of the whole World are by his Parasites usually put under that triple Diademe. So they thought, or so would seeme to thinke, in regard of Papal! Grants before to the Crowne of Portugal! (whence was like to arise some grievance and impediment to their Affaires, as pretending a Monopoly, by former Dispensation in Indian Dis- coveries) and therefore sought this favour of that Monster 32 BULL OF POPE ALEXANDER VI. A.D. 1493· of Men, then sitting in that Chayre. This Bull, because it is not common, I have here transcribed. Exemplar Bulla: seu D onationis, Autoritate cUJus, Episcopus Romanus Alexander ejus nomlfllS sextus, concessit & donavit Castella: Regibus & suis successoribus, Regiones & Insulas Novi Orbis. AL exander Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, Charis- Hane Bul/am simo in Christo filio Ferdinando Regi, & Charissima: hab" Loptz dt Gomara, in in Christo filia: Elizabeth Regina: Castella:, Legionis, hill. gen. par" Arragonum, Sicilia:, & Granata:, illustribus, salutem & 2. c. 19. 1j Apostolicam Benedictionem. R. Edtn. Inter ca:tera Divina: Majestati beneplacita opera & cordis nostri desiderabilia, illud profecto potissimum existit ut fides Catholica & Christiana, Religio nostris pra:sertim temporibus exaltetur ac ubilibet amplietur ac dilatetur, animarumque salus procuretur, ac barbara: Nationes deprimantur & ad fidem ipsam reducantur. Unde cum ad hanc sacram Petri Sedem Divina favente clementia (meritis licet imparibus) evocati fuerimus, cognoscentes vos tanquam veros Catholicos Reges & Principes: quales semper fuisse novimus, & It vobis pra:clare gesta, toti pena: Orbi notissima demons trant, nedum id exoptare, sed omni conatu, studio, & diligentia, nullis laboribus, nullis impensis, nullisque parcendo periculis, etiam proprium sanguinem effundendo efficere, ac omnem animum ves- [I. ii. 14.] trum, omnesque conatus ad hoc jam dudum dedicasse, quemadmodum recuperatio Regni Granata: It Tyrannide Saracenorum hodiernis temporibus per vos, cum tanta Divini nominis gloria facta, testatur. Digne ducimur non immerito, & debemus ilia vobis etiam sponte, ac favorabiliter concedere per qua: hu jusmodi sanctum ac laudabile ab immortali Deo acceptum propositum, indies ferventiori animo ad ipsius D ei honorem & Imperii Chris- ti.lni propagationem, prosequi valeatis. Sane accepimus quod vos qui dudum ani mum proposueratis aliquas Insulas 11 33 c A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493· & Terras firmas remotas & incognitas, ac per alios hactenus non repertas, qurerere & invenire, ut illarum incolas & habitatores ad colendum redemptorem nostrum & fidem Catholicam profitendum reduceretis, hactenus in expug- natione & recuperatione ipsius Regni Granatre plurimum occupati, hujusmodi sanctum & laudabile propositum vestrum ad optatum finem perducere nequivistis. Sed tandem, sicut Domino placuit, Regno prredicto recuperato, volentes desiderium vestrum adimplere, dilectum filium Christophorum Colon urn, virum, uti que dignum, & pluri- mum commendatum, ac tanto negotio aptum, cum Navigiis & hominibus ad similia instructis, non sine maximis laboribus, ac periculis, & expensis destinastis ut Terras firmas & Insulas remotas & incognitas, hujusmodi per Mare ubi hactenus Navigatum non fuerat, diligenter inquireret. ~i tandem (Divino auxilio facta extrema diligentia in Mari Oceano Navigantes) certas Insulas remotissimas, & etiam Terras firmas, qure per alios hactenus repertre non fuerant, invenerunt. In quibus plurimre gentes pacifice viventes, & (ut asseritur) nudi incedentes, nec carnibus vescentes, inhabitant: Et ut prrefati Nuncii vestri possunt opinari, gentes ipsre in Insulis, & terris prredictis habitantes, credunt unum Deum Creatorem in CcElis esse, ac ad fidem Catholicam amplex- andum & bonis moribus imbuendum, satis apti videntur: Spesque habetur, quod si erudirentur, nomen salvatoris Domini nostri Jesu Christi in Terris & Insulis prredictis facile induceretur. Ac prrefatus Christophorus in una ex principalibus Insulis prredictis, jam unam turrim satis munitam, in qua certos Christianos qui secum inerant in custodiam, & ut alias Insulas ac Terras firmas remotas & incognitas inquirerent posuit, construi & redificari fecit. In qui bus quid em Insulis & terris jam repertis, Aurum, Aromata, & alire quam plurimre res prreciosre diversi generis & diversre qualitatis reperiuntur. Unde omnibus diligenter, & prresertim fidei Catholicre exaltatione & dila- tione (prout decet Catholicos Reges & Principes) conside- ratis, more progenitorum vestrorum c1arre memorire 34 BULL OF POPE ALEXANDER VI. A.D. 1493· Regum, Terras firmas & Insulas pn:edictas, illarumque Incolas & Habitatores, vobis Divina favente clementia subjicere, & ad fidem Catholicam reducere proposuistis. Nos itaque hujusmodi vestrum sanctum & laudabile pro- positum plurimum in Domino commendantes, ac cupientes ut illud ad debitum finem perdu<;atur, & ipsum nomen salvatoris nostri in partibus illis inducatur, hortamur vos quamplurimum in Domino, & per sacri lavacri suscep- tionem, qua mandatis Apostolicis obligati estis, ut per viscera misericordia: Domini nostri Jesu Christi attente requirimus, ut cum expedition em hujusmodi omnino pro- sequi & assumere prona mente Orthodoxa: fidei zelo inten- datis, populos in hujusmodi Insu1i:; & Terris degentes, ad Christianam Religionem suscipiendum inducere velitis & debeatis, nec pericula nec lab ores ullo unquam tempore vos deterreant, firma spe fiduciaque conceptis, quod Deus omnipotens conatus vestros freliciter prosequetur. Et ut tanti Negotii Provinciam Apostolica: gratia: largitate donati, liberius & audacius assumatis, motu proprio non ad vestram vel alterius, pro vobis super hoc nobis oblata: petitionis instantiam sed de nostra mera liberalitate, & ex certa scientia, ac de Apostolica: potestatis plenitudine, omnes Insulas & Terras firmas inventas & inveniendas, detectas & detegendas versus Occidentem & Meridiem, fabricando & construendo un am lineam a Polo Arctico, scilicet Septentrione, ad Polum Antarcticum, scilicet Meri- diem, sive Terra: firma: & Insula: inventa:, & invenienda: sint, versus Indiam, aut versus aliam quamcunque partem, qua: linea distet a qualibet Insularum, qua: vulgariter nuncupantur de los Azores, & Cabo Verde centum leucis, versus Occidentem & Meridiem. Itaque omnes Insula: & Terra: firma: reperta: & reperienda:, detecta: & detegenda: it pra:fata linea versus Occidentem & Meridiem, qua: per alium Regem aut Principem Christianum non fuerint actualiter possessa: usque ad diem Nativitatis Domini nostri Jesu Christi proxime pra:teritum, it quo incipit Annus pra:sens Millessimus quadringentessimus nonoges- simus tertius, quando fuerunt per Nuncios & Capitaneos [1. ii. '5 .) 35 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493· vestros inventre aliqure prredictarum Insularum, Autoritate Omnipotentis Dei nobis in beato Petro concessa, ac Vicariatus Jesu Christi, qua fungimur in Terris, cum omnibus illarum Dominiis, Civitatibus, Castris, Locis, & Villis, juribusque & jurisdictionibus ac pertinentiis uni- versis vobis, hreredibusque, & successoribus vestris (Cas- tellre & Legionis Regibus) in perpetuum tenore prresen- tium donamus, concedimus, & assignamus: Vosque, & hreredes, ac successores prrefatos illarum Dominos, cum plena, libera, & omnimoda potestate, autoritate, & juris- dictione, facimus, constituimus, & deputamus. Decer- nentes nihilo minus, per hujusmodi donationem, con- cessionem, & assignation em nostram, nulli Christiano Principi, qui actualiter prrefatas Insulas & Terras firmas possederit usque ad prredictum diem Nativitatis Domini nostri Jesu Christi jus quresitum, sublatum intelligi posse, aut auferri debere. Et insuper mandamus vobis in virtute sanctre obedientire (ut sicut pollicemini & non dubitamus pro vestra maxima devotione & Regia magnanimitate vos esse facturos) ad Terras firmas & Insulas prredictas, viros probos & Deum timentes, doctos, peritos, & expertos ad instruen- dum Incolas & habitatores prrefatos in fide Catholica, & bonis moribus imbuendum, destinare debeatis, omnem debitam diligentiam in prremissis adhibentes. Ac quibus- cunque personis, cujuscunque dignitatis, etiam Imperialis & Regalis status, gradus, ordinis vel condition is, sub excommunicationis latre sententire pcena quam eo ipso, si contra fecerint incurrant, districtius inhibemus ne ad Insulas & Terras firmas inventas & inveniendas, detectas & detegendas versus Occicientem & Meridiem, fabricando & construendo lineam a Polo Arctico ad Polum Ant- arcticum, sive Terrre firmre & Insulre inventre & inveniendre sint versus Indiam aut versus aliam quamcunque partem, q ure linea distet a q ualibet Insularum, q ure vulgariter nuncupantur de los Azores, & Cabo Verde centum leucis versus Occidentem & Meridiem ut prrefertur, pro merci- bus habendis, vel quavis alia causa accedere prresumat, 36 BULL OF POPE ALEXANDER VI. A.D. 1493· absq ue vestra ac ha:redum & successorum vestrorum pra:dictorum licentia speciali: Non obstantibus consti- tutionibus & ordinationibus Apostolicis, ca:terisque quibus- cunque: in illo in quo Imperia & Dominationes & bona cuncta procedunt, Confidentes quod dirigente Domino actus vestros, si hujusmodi sanctum ac laudabile proposi- tum prosequamini, brevi tempore cum fcelicitate & gloria totius populi Christian i, vestri labores & conatus exitum fcelicissimum consequentur. Verum quia difficile Foret pra:sentes literas ad singula qua:que loca in quibus ex- pediens fuerit deferri, volumus ac motu & scientia similibus decernimus, quod illarum transsumptis manu publici Notarii indi rogati subscriptis, & sigillo alicujus persona: in Ecclesiastica dignitate constituta:, seu Curia: Ecclesiastica: munitis, ea prorsus fides in judicio & extra, ac alias ubilibet adhibeatur, qua: pra:sentibus adhiberetur si essent adhibita: vel ostensa:. N ulli ergo omnino hom inurn liceat hanc Paginam nostra: commendationis, hortationis, req uisitionis, dona- tionis, concessionis, assignationis, constitutionis, depu- tationis, decreti, mandati, inhibitionis, & voluntatis, infringere, vel ei auso temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attentare pra:sumpserit, indignationem Omnipotentis Dei, ac beatorum Petri & Pauli Apostolorum ejus, se noverit incursurum. Datum Roma: apud Sanctum Petrum, Anno Incarnationis Dominica: 1493. quarto nonas Maii, P ontificatus nostri, anno primo. The same Englished. AL exander Bishop, the Servant of the Servants of Thil was God, to our most deare beloved Sonne in Christ, Englished and published by King Ferdinando, and to our deare beloved Daughter in R. Eden, Christ, Elizabeth, Qyeene of Castile, Legion, Arragon, lsn Sicilie, and Granata, most Noble Princes, greeting, and Apostolicall Benediction. Among other W orkes acceptable to the Divine Majestie, and according to our hearts desire, this certainely 37 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493· is the chiefe, that the Catholike Faith and Christian [1. ii. 16.] Religion, specially in this our time, may in all places be exalted, amplified, and enlarged, whereby the health of Soules may bee procured, and the barbarous Nations sub- dued and brought to the Faith. And therefore, whereas by the favour of Gods Clemencie (although not without equall deserts) we are called to this holy Seat of Peter, and understanding you to be true Catholike Princes, as wee have ever knowne you, and as your noble and worthy Facts have declared in manner to the whole W orId, in that with all your studie, diligence, and industry, you have spared no Travailes, Charges, or Perils, adventuring even the shedding of your owne Bloud, with applying your whole Mindes and Endevours hereunto, as your Noble Expeditions atchieved in recovering the King- dome of Granata from the Tyrannie of the Sarracens in these our dayes, doe plainely declare your Facts, with so great Glory of the Divine Name. For the which, as wee thinke you worthy, so ought wee of our owne free will favourably to graunt you all things, whereby you may dayly, with more fervent min des, to the honour of God, and enlarging the Christian Empire, prosecute your devout and laudable Purpose, most acceptable to the Immortall God. Wee are credibly informed, that whereas of late you were determined to seeke and finde certaine Ilands and firme Lands, farre remote and unknowne (and not heretofore found by any other) to the intent to bring the Inhabitants of the same to honour our Redeemer, and to profe sse the Catholike Faith, you have hitherto beene much occupied in the expugnation and recoverie of the Kingdome of Granata, by reason whereof you could not bring your said laudable Purpose to the end desired. Neverthelesse, as it hath pleased Almightie God, the fore- said Kingdome being recovered, willing to accomplish your said Desire, you have, not without great Labour, Perils, and Charges, appointed our weI beloved Sonne Christopher Colonus (a man certes well commended, as most worthy and apt for so great a Matter) well furnished 38 BULL OF POPE ALEXANDER VI. A.D. 1493· with Men and Ships, and other Necessaries, to seeke (by the Sea, where hitherto no man hath sayled) such fir me Lands and Ilands farre remote, and hitherto unknowne, who (by Gods helpe) making diligent search in the Ocean Sea, have found certaine remote Ilands and firme Lands, which were not heretofore found by any other: in the which (as is said) many Nations inhabite, living peaceably, and going naked, not accustomed to eate Flesh; and as farre as your Messengers can conjecture, the Nations in- habiting the foresaid Lands and Ilands, beleeve that there is one God, Creator in Heaven, and seeme apt to bee brought to the imbracing of the Catholike Faith, and to be endued with good Manners : by reason whereof, wee may hope, that if they be well instructed, they may easily be induced to receive the Name of our Saviour Jesus Christ . Wee are further advertised, that the fore-named Christopher hath now builded and erected a Fortresse, with good Munition, in one of the foresaid principall Ilands, in the which he hath placed a Garrison of certaine of the Christian men that went thither with him, as well to the intent to defend the same, as also to search other Ilands and firme Lands farre remote, and yet unknowne. Wee also understand, that in these Lands and Ilands lately found, is great plentie of Gold and Spices, with divers and many other precious things, of sundry kinds and qualities. Therefore all things diligently considered (especially the amplifying and enlarging of the Catholike Faith, as it behoveth Catholike Princes, following the examples of your Noble Progenitors, of famous Memorie) you have determined, by the favour of Almightie God, to subject unto you the firme Lands and Ilands aforesaid, and the Dwellers and Inhabitants thereof, and to bring them to the Catholike Faith. Wee greatly commending this your godly and laudable purpose in our Lord, and desirous to have the same brought to a due end, and the Name of our Saviour to be knowne in those parts, doe exhort you in our Lord, and by the receiving of your holy Baptisme, whereby you are 39 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493· bound to Apostolicall Obedience, and earnestly require you by the Bowels of Mercie of our Lord Jesus Christ, that when you intend, for the zeale of the Catholike Faith, to prosecute the said Expedition, to reduce the People of the foresaid Lands and Hands to the Christian Religion, you shall spare no Labours at any time, or be deterred [I. ii. 17.] with any Perils, conceiving firme hope and confidence, that the Omnipotent God will give good successe to your godly Attempts. And that being authorised by the Priviledge of the Apostolicall Grace, you may the more freely and boldly take upon you the Enterprise of so great a Matter, wee of our owne motion, and not eyther at your request, or at the instant petition of any other person, but of our owne meere liberalitie and certaine science, and by the fulnesse of Apostolicall power, doe give, grant, and assigne to you, your heires and successors, all the firme Lands and Ilands found or to be found, discovered or to be discovered, toward the West and South, drawing a Line from the Pole Artike to the Pole Antartike (that is) from the North to the South: Contayning in this Dona- tion, whatsoever firme Lands or Ilands are found, or to be found toward India, or toward any other part whatso- ever it be, being distant from, or without the foresaid Line, drawne a hundred Leagues toward the West, and South, from any of the Ilands which are commonly called De los Azores and Capo Verde. All the Ilands therefore, and firme Lands, found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, from the said Line toward the West and South, such as have not actually beene heretofore possessed by any other Christian King or Prince, untill the day of the Nativitie of our Lord Jesu Christ last past, from the which beginneth this present yeere, being the yeere of our Lord a thousand foure hundred ninetie three, when soever any such shall bee found by your Messengers and Cap- taines, wee by the Authoritie of Almightie God, graunted unto us in Saint Peter, and by the Vicarship of Jesus Christ which wee beare on the Earth, doe for ever, by the tenour of these presents, give, grant, assigne, unto you, 40 BULL OF POPE ALEXANDER VI. A.D. 1493· your heires and successors (the Kings of Castile and Legion) all those Lands and Ilands, with their Dominions, Territories, Cities, Castles, Towers, Places, and Villages, with all the Rights and Jurisdictions thereunto pertaining; constituting, assigning, and deputing you, your heires and successors, the Lords thereof, with full and free Power, Authoritie, and Jurisdiction: Decreeing never the- lesse by this our Donation, Grant, and Assignation, that from no Christian Prince, which actually hath possessed the foresaid Hands and firme Lands, unto the day of the Nativitie of our Lord beforesaid, their Right obtained, to be understood hereby to be taken away, or that it ought to be taken away. Furthermore, wee command you in the vertue of holy Obedience (as you have promised, and as wee doubt not you wil! doe, upon meere Devotion and Princely Magnimitie) to send to the said firme Lands and Ilands, honest, vertuous, and learned men, such as feare God, and are able to instruct the Inhabitants in the Catholike Faith and good Manners, applying all their possible diligence in the premisses. Wee furthermore straitly inhibi te al! manner of persons, of what state, degree, order, or con- dition soever they be, although of Imperiall and Regal! Dignitie, under the paine of the Sentence of Excommuni- cation, which they shall incurre, if they doe to the con- trary, That they in no case presume, without special! Licence of you, your heires, and successors, to travaile for Marchandizes, or for any other cause, to the said Lands or Ilands, found or to be found, discovered or to be dis- covered, toward the West and South, drawing a Line from the Pole Artike to the P ole Antartike, whether the firme Lands and Ilands, found and to be found, be situate toward India, or toward any other part, being distant from the Line drawne a hundred Leagues toward the West, from any of the Ilands commonly called De los Azores and Capo Verde: N otwi thstanding Consti tu tions, D ecrees, and Apostolicall Ordinances whatsoever they are to the contrary. In him from whom Empires, Dominions, and 4' A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1493· all good things doe proceede: Trusting, that Almightie God, directing your Enterprises, if you follow your godly and laudable Attempts, your Labours and Travailes herein, shall in short time obtaine a happie end, with felicitie and glorie of all Christian People. But foras- much as it should be a thing of great difficultie, these Letters to be carried to all such places as should be expedient; wee will, and of like motion and knowledge doe decree, That whither soever the same shall be sent, or wheresoever they shall be received, with the subscription of a common Notarie thereunto required, with the Seale [1. ii . 18.J of any person constitute in Ecclesiasticall Dignitie, or such as are authorized bv the Ecclesiasticall Court, the same faith and credite to' be given thereunto in Judge- ment, or elsewhere, as should be exhibited to these Pre- sents. Let no man therefore whatsoever infringe or dare rashly to contrary this Letter of our Commendation, Exhortation, Request, Donation, Grant, Assignation, Constitution, Deputation, Decree, Commandement, Inhibition, and Determination. And if any shall presume to attempt the same, let him know, that hee shall thereby incurre the Indignation of Almightie God, and his holy Apostles, Peter and Paul. Given at Rome at Saint Peters, In the yeere of the Incarnation of our Lord 1493. The fourth day of the Nones of May, the first yeere of our Popedome. Animadversions on the said Bull of Pope Alexander. A Lthough some deny libertie of Examination and Cen-sure to Historians, but will have them leave all to the Judgement of the Readers, to conclude what their owne Judgements shall gather out of Historicall Premisses: 'Senua. Yet because wee write 'vitre non Scholre, and Historie bCimo. is not bonely vita Memoria:.', but Magistra vitre, is the Schoole of Divine Providence, wherein by Example is 42 ANIMADVERSIONS ON THE BULL A.D. c. 1621. alway read that Rule, Discite justitiam monti; let me have like leave as almost ali Historians, Divine, Ecclesias- ticall, and Humane, have with thankes also obtained: And let the severer Criticke call it a Digression, or Par- enthesis, or what he pleaseth, so it may profit the feebler feet of such as may stumble hereat, and confirme the firmer and more resolved: Difficile est Satyram non scribere. It is almost necessarie in this Treatise of Navi- gations (most of which are, or seeme thereby inhibited) not to suffer this Bull (as Butcherly in sequele, as those the Statute includeth) to passe unbaited. It was now the time that the Antichristian Kingdome was growne to the height, and began to sinke under the weight of it selfe, and the Prophecies of the Churches Restauration and Reformation began to ripen and hasten to the Birth, when this CBorgia ascended the Papall ' He wal Throne, stiling himselfe Alexander, a Name ominous to before called RodericUl the World, to the Church, and to themselves ; in some, Borgia, a to some of them; in this (the totali summe of Mischiefe) Spaniard of to all. This appeared in that Great Macedonian, who was Vaknlia. called d Fcelix terrarum prredo; and to whom a e Pyrate, d Ltlcan. charged with Sea-rovings, objected his greater W orld- e Aug. de Civ. rovings and robbings, this onely differing, that the one Dei, I. +- c. 4 · Quid libi ul did little with his little Ship, and therefore was called a Orbem lerra Theefe, the other doing great harme with his great Army, rum? Jedquia was surnamed Great: who after his great Conquests, and id ~go exi~o greater ambition of Deitie, with a little Poyson was con- foc lo narl/glo, fi ne d to h· 1·I t tle aEIS. r th, a "lew Feet, "a I~ W han~fuls f lalro flocor 0 quia lu ma'g"a Dust; lea Vlllg the Ptolemeys and Seleuclda, which suc- clem , imper- ceeded in part of his State, to exceed in crueltie to the alar. Church. To the Christian Church, such have beene the Popes that have named themselves Alexanders. Thus Alex- ander the second (the first that assumed that Name, rejecting Anselmus, which in his Baptisme hee had ' B ell. Card. received) brought forth a Schisme with his Papacie, pro- Bal. (;te. v id. d d lik Jcript. fl it. cee e e an Al exander in Warres, and died in Prison Ponlif. de hec (as some thinke of Poyson) to give place to (Hildebrand, (;t l eg. PP. 43 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES C. 1621. the true Scanderbeg of the Papacie. The next Alexander ~ T~is Hillory was procreated in g Schisme, betrayed F rederike the ;:fli;::?ef of Emperour to the Soldan,. sending him his Pictu:e to that Iheir owne end, and after degenerating from the Macedoman Alex- -'fulho!f:. fee anders Humanitie, trode on his Necke in the Temple of II "'.alnlal1ted S. Marke at Venice, and prophaned Scripture, super bayg aMlnfolBrna.r 011. aspl' de m &c . to t h at D l' a b 0 ll'c a II DeS'l gne ; fi rst rna d e th e Myfl. 1niq. Law of Canonization, and then with devout Bernard pag. 323. ill canonized T. Becket h (an Angell of Light, and of Darke- Fo!. nesse yoaked together, this being murthered or martyred r;:~r~;; in the Devils Oltarrell) had at once (beyond all Alexanders vita F. Germ. Pompe) the Kings of England i and France attending on fcripla. foot, and holding his Bridle. The next Alexander began h He main- with Excommunications, Persecutions, Warres against lained Ihe PoPt! power Manfrede King of Sicilia, which to maintaine, hee used againfl the Extortions and Exactions, such as had never beene heard King, and lhe of, k the Cry whereof ascended to God, the Lord of ClergieJ im- Revenge, that the Bishop of London protested he would II/unilie(which rather loose his head, the Bishop of Yorke writ to him, to had committed above a hun- feede, not to shere, to flay, to eviscerate, to devoure the dred Mur- Sheepe like a hungry Wolfe, as Matthew Paris, who then thm, Of lived, recordeth. The Tenth which was granted for the Neubrig. I. 2. Holy Land, and the prizes of Absolution for Homicide, Ihm living, Imifielh)fr011l Treason, Sodomie, Witchcraft, Perjurie, and all Crimes, Ihe King, and he thus imployed ; and after that publike Pestilence of the jlJIl/ylherefire Decretales published, he died of Thought, Event not by Divine seconding his Alexander-like Designes. The fifth Alex- Providence (Ihough wilh ander 1 was produced in the greatest Schisme that ever humane 171- befell the Papacie ; he deposed Ladislaus King of Naples, JUIlice) waf and gave that Scepter to Lewis the Duke of Anjouj as mUl'lhmd also the Kingdome of the Romans, from Rupertus to tf~~f~·9.] Wenceslaus; guided in all things by Balthasar, full of . i King Hem,) fiercenesse nnd secularitie ; hee died of Poyson, given him the ICColld held by his Physician, at the procurement of Balthasar his Ihe Bridle 10 Ihe POP(1 Legale Iwice, and fuffired 11Ia"y flripCf on hif naked flCfh wilh RoddCf. k Elfi iI/a Curia fidelef Chrifli 11IullOli(1 ex(mciaverit, nUll/quam lamen lam lethaliler fauciavit, i.jc. Mal. Par. 1255. '8" Theod. de Nicm, ,.hich lived wilh him, hit Ihree Il1fl Chaple/'! of Ihe Ihird boole. 44 ANIMADVERSIONS ON THE BULL A.D. C. 1621. successor, leaving a yeere of Pestilence and Famine to "'Whencttnou infest the World. Vmtf, Vendit But this sixt Alexander was Heire of all their Vices: ACl reuxcatIn,d Aer 1 10- who having procreated many Bastards, procured the Pap- ria,Chrittum, acie m by Simonie (some adde, Diabolicall *Contracts) to Venderejure advance them and himselfe, with unjust Justice miserably ;:;!,"t, :merat plaguing those Simoniacal~ "Cardinals, :vhich for Price ~ ~~7~~ H. and Promise had exalted thIS Plague-sore Into that Chayre Mar. EuJtb. of Pestilence, where hee acted the Monster of Men, or was Cap. indeed rather an incarnate Devill. Bellarmine 0 himselfe nSee Olluph. (a man not of the tenderest Forhead) blusheth at his !~vj"d.A~ 6. Name, though ashamed of that shame, hee returnes with Po:t: i: . greater impudence, and from the immanitie of this and prd'fat. some other Popes, would have us more admire the sted- fastnesse of that Romish Rocke, which hath sustained such portentuous Beasts, as an argument of D ivine Pro- vidence, that the Gates of Hell shall never prevaile (and what else but Vices, are the Gates of Hell!) against it. In vaine doe we Heretikes labour to set forth the Vices of some Popes, which themselves confesse, but so, that the glory of that See is thereby exceedingly amplified. Egregiam vero laudem! An exceeding amplification of Bellarmine his \Vit! POnuphrius, Jovius, Guicciardine, -Onuph. in Volaterrane, and others of their owne seeme amazed at vito AI. 6. Pontifix in this mans M onstrositie, though Vices be no rarities in eam totus ia- Popes, and of the ordinarie ones, one q sayth, that he cubuit curam is accounted a good Pope (not whose Vertues equall his utiagentesfilio Vices, and hold some counterpoyse, as Comminreus of a opeJvelJumma cum omnium Prince, but) whose Wickednesse doth not exceed that of injuria par- other men. To omit the Deluges of Waters, of Famine, aret. And, Plague, Warres, which overflowed the Citie and all Italy Inopid', metv in his times, Rome was by the impunitie of Assassinates :apax. atque made a very * Butcherie; within it, no going by Night; ::g;:~ifd'vus, op.ltntiu. quemque ia Aula Saardolem (;f ill hit CardiaaleJ Aliquol cd'teriJ diliortJ, veaeno IOlitndoJ conJtituit.-Homo ad ita/iIE exitium natul f.je. So Guie. I. I. non Jinurito1 non fide, aon religione avanlia inJatiable eTudeila piurAe barbara & ardenliu. cupidila di mallare In qualunque modo ei jiglivoli iquali eraao molti. Pid. I ou. Polal. (;fc. q Guic. I. 16. Ne nOJlri corrolti cOJtumi e laudala 10 benta del Pentejice quaado non Irapaua la malignil;; de gli altri huomiai. * Polal. Roma NobiliJ jam caf71ijicina focla. 45 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES C. 162 1. nor without, by Day. And for his personall Vertues, Theologicall and Cardinall, his Love was unnaturall Lust, to his Daughter, and for his Sonnes; his Faith, perfidie to all which trusted him: Gemes the Turkish Emperors rzooooo Brother, for Turkish r Gold hee betrayed, and with a Ducalf, (5f C hrhlf feame· white sweet lingring Poyson, mixed with his Wine, leIfe Coal. murthered; his reconciled Enemies he fraudulently be- lou. Hhl. trayed to massacre; to his Guests invited to his Table, I. 2. hee gave poysoned Potions, in exchange of their great Riches (in one of which Banquets, himselfe at unawares, by a mistaken Cup, was payd in his owne Coyne, the Sonne also pledging the Father; but to the Worlds greater scourge, by the benefit of Youth and Physicke, recovering.) His Hope was to make his Sonne Cresar Borgia (which had slaine his Brother, and is said to com- * PonlanUI of municate with his Father in his * Sisters Bed) the Cresar Lucretia, the Popt! daugh- of the Churches State or Patrimonie. His Fortitude was ter, Hoc jacet daring to any Mischiefe; in Prudence, he was not wise in tumulo as a Serpent, to prevent, but a wise Serpent to invent Lucrelia Evill. With his Temperance I will not further distemper 1romine, Jed re your patience; but consider his Justice in this Donation, ThaiI, A/ex- andr; jilia, of he knew not whom, to he knew not what Miserie. Jp 01lla , 11fn"Uf. And if it seeme impertinent to have said so much of the Person, let such know, that I have done it to shew, that here was Dignum olla operculum, Lips sutable to the Lettuce, and amongst all the Popes of later times, the Devill (which is a Murtherer from the beginning) could not have found a fitter Vicar, whether wee regard the bloudie Executions and Depopulations that ensued, wherein both Alexander the Macedon, and Alexanders Popes, and if there be any Alexander Devils, are by the event of this Bull surmounted all; or whether that the Devill, foreseeing by the Prophecies of Babylons Fall ' r olaler. (5f (confirmed also with the ' Fall of the Angell in this Popes Bal. time from the top of S. Angelo) that his Kingdome would soone decline, raysed up this Alexander to be another Alexander, a Conqueror of another World, by his Spirituall Weapons, under a seeming Conversion to Christianitie, 46 ANIMADVERSIONS ON THE BULL A.D. C. 1621. to make a 'Conversion (of another Ciceronian Etimo- ' e onvmio a logie) a sweeping of a World of Men out of the World ~~;e~~en;:;. . together, and wiping u them as a man wipeth a Dish, ne. 4. 0 fler- wiping it and turning it upside downe; this first, and in rea prteclora. the remainders a Conversion to such a Christianitie, as Etenim quam should make them x two-fold more the Children of Hell, lu D omum, W hI·C h I.S b Y t h emse Iv es Y testl' fi ed 0 f theInd l' ans : 0 r aqudajim!/ i Uqruboedm whether the Pope, his Vicar, as honest as that 'Steward fonum' deni- in the Gospel!, fearing to be cast out of this Europrean que, quod non Stewardship, bethought him, by giving so great a part of eutrIum a/que the World, whereof his Master is called a the God, to ~.:f:;;:,~,? procure entertainment somewhere else, and thereupon was "z. Reg. z l. so liberall of the D evils peculiar, this Ethnike World: 13. Or that in the decay of the Spiritual! Power, that Genius x Mal. z3· o f t h e P apacl·e soug t to suipp Y I"t WIt h T emporaI I YC She e1 '1Ih e ilOfl l (whereof the Christian Kings are more jealous) and there- Pil;,'/':;a~e,my fore hath new forged the Keyes into a Sword, that what his lib. 9. Keyes could not unlocke (nay, had nothing to doe with, [1. ii. zo·1 as being no part of the House, like the first Alexander in 'Lu. 16. the Gordian Knot) his Sword might chop in sunder, and 'z. Cor. 4· 4· give the one halfe to one, and the other halfe to another. b Bar. l UI Once, the Sword hath made way to the Keyes in those Regil. I. 3. e. parts, and made the Farme of the Popes Pardons a good 3. 01 pom"io Revenue. maltejidci non I question not the Right of the Spanish Crowne in those proee"dit? . parts: (,),, ' ~IS me constl.t U.l t J.U dI' cem.? I t I.S t h e lr'a u It I phe re e non m 1mo POJJts- find in this great Ardelio. The Castilian Industry I 1:l'e nee In honour (as appeares in the former Relations) their Right htere~e may, for that which is actually in their Possession, without proxlmo.aul thhI'S SB ull' dPI epa d D ' . ebv.en :b e f,o re thh' ~sc~vene Is wIas wb.:l tten, neemarlo sed legilime i~ t e wor, rescnptlOn, su ]ectlOn 0 f t e nha Itants, pOlleri! f.j long and quiet Possession; which, howsoever the bCase valide f.je. was at first (wherewith I meddle not) must now, after so liei/~ lUff. ad long Succession, be acknowledged Just. I quar·r el! the e~nlm~~/. d P f aOmlntt non a ope onely, and the Clayme 0 that See, herem truly inehoatio1lem. CathaJike, or Universall, challenging even in the Devils ' IIM a, TI" C Stile, Omnia Regna Orbis Terrre, and, Potestatem hanc flauiAEla, rl), OlKOIJP.fJrqf. universam & gloriam illarum, quia mihi tradita sunt, & l u. 4. 5. hoc 47 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES C. 1621. ille lilulo (j cui volo, do ilIa. Hee as the Devils Vicar (cui tradita jure Oectt- sunt, who by Tradition challengeth a Right to them, and menicUJ Papa. by Tradition, that is, Treason, disturbes Right and Rites in them) doth Tradere, betray the Rights of them, by Sentences, Censures, and I know not what Bulls. True it is, that the Catholike Kings had other reasons to aske this furtherance from the Pope, in regard of the PortugalI, which had obtained former Bulls (as is before related; as dTaurum dNeptune with the Ethnikes, so Navigation with these, N e;luno lau- rum libi is propitiated with Bulls) and challenged a Monopoly of pulcher Apollo. Discoverie; in regard of other Princes, to whom the Virgo Popes Censures (as Thunder in a darke Night) were in those times terrible, especially in a Case otherwise just, where they had made Discoverie, and taken and continued Possession before all others; and in regard of the People, and (those blind Leaders of the blind) the Friers and Priests, who (si dolosi spes refulserit nummi) could with this Bull, as a Bagge full of Wind, make Musike to the Vulgar, and cause them dance over the Seas in this Attempt, as no lesse holy (approved by that Holy Father) ·z. Sam. 6. then . PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 152 0 . Hee could well speake, and plainely pronounce these words, Jesus, Ave Maria, Johannes, even as wee doe, but with a bigger voyce. The Captaine gave him a Shirt of Linnen Cloth, and a Coat of white Woollen Cloth; also a Cap, a Combe, a Looking-Glasse, with divers such other things, and so sent him to his companie. The day follow- ing hee resorted againe to the shippes, and brought with him one of those great Beasts, which hee gave the Captaine. But after that day they never saw him more, supposing him to be slaine of his owne company, for the conversation he had with our men. Foure other After other fifteene dayes were past, there came foure Gianls. other Giants without any Weapons, but had hid their Bowes and Arrowes in certaine Bushes. The Captaine retayned two of these, which were youngest and best made. Two Giants Hee tooke them by a deceit; giving them Knyves, are taken by a Sheeres, Looking-Glasses, Bells, Beades of Crystall, and policie. such other Trifles, hee so filled their hands, that they could hold no more: then caused two payre of shackles of Iron to bee put on their legges, making signes, that hee would also give them those Chaynes; which they liked very well, because they were made of bright and shining metall. And whereas they could not carry them, because their hands were full, the other Giants would have carryed them: but the Captaine would not suffer them. When they felt the shackles fast about their legges, they began to doubt: but the Captaine did put them in comfort, and bad them stand still. In fine, when they saw how they were deceived, they roared like Bulls, and eryed upon their The Der;ill great Devill Setebos, to helpe them. Being thus taken, Selebos. they were immediately separate and put in sundry ship pes. They could never binde the hands of the other two: yet was one of them with much difficultie overthrowne by nine of our men, and his hands bound; but he suddenly loosed himselfe, and fled, as did also the other that came Der;iisappeore with them. In their flying, they shot off their Arrowes, 10 the Gionls and slew one of our men. They say, that when any of whC1l they die. them die, there appeare ten or twelve Devils, leaping and 88 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 1520. dancing about the bodie of the dead, and seeme to have their bodies painted with divers colours, and that among other, there is one seene bigger then the residue, who maketh great mirth and rejoycing. This great Devill they call Setebos, and call the lesse Cheleule. One of these Giants which they tooke, declared by signes, that hee had seene Devils with two homes above their heads, with long hayre downe to their feet; and that they cast forth fire at their throats both before and behind. The Captaine named these people Patagoni. The most part of them Patagoni. weare the Skinnes of such Beasts whereof I have spoken before: and have no Houses of continuance, but make certaine Cottages, which they cover with the said Skinnes, and carry them from place to place. They live of raw Flesh and a certaine sweet Root, which they call Capar. They are very jealous of their Women. When they are sicke at the stomacke, they put an Arrow halfe a yard or more downe the Throat, which makes them vomit greene choler and bloud. For head-ach, they make a cut over the for-head, and let themselves bloud. The like they doe on the arme, or legge, in any Aches. They cut their hayre like Friers, but a little longer, and binde it with a Cotton hayre-lace. By reason of Cold in those parts, they trusse up themselves so, as the genitall member is hidden within the body. One of these which they had in their The . Giant! shippes, did eate at one meale a Basket of Bisket, and fiedlng. drunke a BowIe of Water at a draught. They remayned five moneths in this P ort of Saint Julian; where certaine of the under Captaines conspiring They cornp i,.. the death of their Generall, were hanged and quartered: againJt their among whom, the Treasurer Luigo of Mendozza was one. Captaine. Certaine of the other Conspirators he left in the said Land of Patagoni; namely, John de Cartagena, and a Priest. They erected there a Crosse, in token of possession. Departing from hence to the two and fiftieth degree, toward the Pole Antartike, lacking a third part, they found a River of fresh Water and good Fish. Their shippes were here in great danger. They remayned two 89 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1520. moneths in this Port, where they made new provision of fresh Water, Fuell, and Fish. Here the Captaine caused Con/wion. all his men to be confessed. Approching to the two and The Strait oj' fiftie degrees, they found the Strait now called the Strait Magellanu!. of Magellanus, being in some place a hundred and ten Leagues in length, and in bredth somewhere very large, and in other places little more then halfe a League in bredth. On both the sides of this Strait, are great and high Mountaines covered with Snow, beyond the which, The South is the entrance into the Sea of Sur. This entrance the Sea. Captaine named Mare Pacificum. Here one of the ships, Mare P acifi- cum. Saint Antonio, stole away privily, and returned into The Giant! Spaine: In this was one of the Giants, who died as soone died fir heat. as he felt the heat that is about the Equinoctiall Line. When the Captaine Magalianes was past the Strait, and saw the way open to the other maine Sea, hee was so glad thereof, that for joy the teares fell from his eyes, and named the point of the Land from whence he first saw Capo De!i- that Sea, Capo Desiderato. Supposing that the ship del'ato. which stole away, had beene lost, they erected a Crosse upon the top of a high Hill, to direct their course in the Strait, if it were their chance to come that way. Short night! They found, that in this Strait, in the moneth of Octo- in the moneth ber, the Night was not past foure houres long. They oj' October. found in this Strait, at every three miles, a safe Haven, and excellent Water to drinke; Wood also, and Fish, [1. ii. 36.J and great plentie of good Herbes. They thinke, that there is not a fairer Strai t in the World. Here also they Flying Fifhu. saw certaine flying Fishes. The Giant! The other Giant which remayned with them in the ship, Language. named Bread, Capar; Water, Oli; red Cloth, Cherecai; red colour, Cheiche; blacke colour, Amel: And spoke all his words in the throat. On a time, as one made a Crosse before him, and kissed it, shewing it unto him, hee sud- denly cried Setebos, and declared by signes, that if they made any more Crosses, Setebos would enter into his body, and make him burst. But when in fine hee saw no hurt come thereof, hee tooke the Crosse, and embraced and FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 2 1. kissed it oftentimes, desiring, that hee might bee a Chris- tian before his death. Hee was therefore baptized, and The Giant is named Paul. baptized. Departing out of this Strait into the Sea called Mare Pacificum, the eight and twentieth day of November, in the yeere I po. they sayled three moneths and twentie Three monethl dayes before they saw any Land: and having in this time layling with- out the light of consumed all their Bisket and other Victuals, they fell into Land. such necessitie, that they were inforced to eate the powder Extreme that remayned thereof, being now full of Wormes, and Famine. stinking like Pisse, by reason of the salt Water. Their fresh Water was also putrified, and became yellow. They did eate Skinnes and pieces of Leather, which were foulded about certaine great Ropes of the shippes: but these Skinnes being made very hard, by reason of the Sunne, Raine, and Winde, they hung them by a Cord in the Sea, for the space of foure or five dayes, to mollifie them, and sod them, and ate them. By reason of this Famine, and DiJeam oj uncleane feeding, some of their gummes grew so over Famine. their teeth, that they died miserably for hunger. And by this occasion died nineteene men, and also the Giant, with an Indian of the Land of Brasile, otherwise called Terra de Papagalli, that is, the Land of Popingayes. Beside these that died, five and twentie or thirtie were so sick, that they were not able to doe any service with their hands or armes for feeblenesse: so that there was in manner none without some Disease. In these three moneths and twentie dayes, they sayled foure thousand Leagues in one Gulfe, by the said Sea called Pacificum, that is, peaceable: which may well be so called, forasmuch as in all this time having no sight of any Land, they had no misfortune of Winde, or any other Tempest. During this time also, they discovered onely two little Ilands unhabited, where they saw nothing but Birds and Trees, and therefore named them infortunate Unfortunate Ilands, being one from the other about two hundred /landl. Leagues distant. The first of these Ilands, is from the Equinoctiall toward the Pole Antartike fifteene degrees, 9 1 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1521. and the other five. Their sayling was in such sort, that What they they say led dayly betweene fiftie, threescore, to seventie !ay/ed dayly. Leagues. So that in fine, if God of his mercie had not given them good Weather, it was necessarie, that in this so great a Sea they should all have died for hunger. They considered in this Navigation, that the Pole Antartike hath no notable starre, after the sort of the Pole The !tarrC! Artike. But they saw many starres gathered together, about the South which are like two Clouds, one separate a little from an- Pole. other, and somewhat darke in the middest. Betweene these, are two starres, not very big, nor much shining, which move a little: and these two are the Pole Antar- tike. The Need/e of The Needle of their Compas varied somewhat, and the Com}(J!. turned ever toward the Pole Artike; nevertheless, had no such force, as when it is in these parts of the Pole Artike: Insomuch, that it was necessarie to helpe the The Load- Needle with the Load-stone, before they could sayle Jtone. therewith, because it moved not, as it doth when it is in these our parts. When they were in the middest of the Gulfe, they saw a Crosse of five cleare starres, directly toward the West, and of equall distance the one from the other. In these dayes they sayled between the West and South The Equinoc- so farre, that they approched to the Equinoctiall Line, and tiall Line. were in longitude from the place from whence they first departed, a hundred and twentie degrees. In this course The I/nnd! of they sayled by two Ilands of exceeding height, whereof ~,}a;5hu and the one named Cipanghu, is twentie degrees from the Pole um It. Antartike; and the other named Sumbdit, fifteene de- grees. When they were past the Equinoctiall Line, they sayled betweene the West and Southwest, at the quarter of the West, toward the Southwest more then a hundred Leagues, changing their sayles to the quarter of the South- west, untill they came to the thirteene degrees above the Equinoctiall, toward the Pole Artike, intending as much as were possible, to approch to the Cape called of the old Writers Cattigara: the which is not found as the old FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 21 . Cosmographers have described it, but it is toward the North about twelve degrees, as they afterwards under- stood. When they had thus sayled seven tie Leagues of this Voyage, in the twelfth degree above the Equinoctiall, and a hundred fortie six degrees of Longitude (as I have said) the sixt day of March they discovered a little Iland to- ward the Northwest, and two other toward the South- west; but the one was higher and bigger then the other. In the biggest of these, the Generall would have rested himselfe a while, but he could not, by reason the people of these Ilands resorted continually to the ships wi th their Canoas, and stole now one thing, and now another, in such sort, that our men could take no rest; and therefore demanded of the Captaine, that they might strike their sayles, to bring the shippes to Land. But the Generall being provoked to anger, went aland with for tie armed [1. ii. 37.] men, and burnt about fiftie of their Houses, with many of their Canoas, and slew also about seven men, and recovered a shippe-boat which the Barbarians had stolne; and so departed, following his Voyage. Hee named these I1ands, Insulae Latronum, that is, the Ilands of Theeves. 1111/110 La/ra- When our men had so wounded some of them with nUm. Arrowes, that they were stricken through both sides, they pulled forth the Arrowes, not ceasing to marvell at them, till they fell downe dead: And yet could not the other so depart, but still followed the shippes with more then two hundred of their Boats, approaching as neere to the shippes as they could, and proffering our men certaine Fishes. As the shippes passed with full sayle in the middest of their Boats, they saw in some of them certaine Women, lament- ing and tearing their hayre, which our men thought they did for the death of their Husbands. As farre as they could perceive, these people live at their owne libertie, without any Ruler or Governour. They goe naked, and People wi/It some of them have blacke Beards, and blacke hayre on long hayre. their heads, which they weare long, downe to their Wastes. They are of the same stature that wee are, and are well 93 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 152 I. made, of colour like unto an Olive. Their Women are well-favoured, with black and thicke hayre on their heads, reaching to the ground. They weare also, for a covering before their privities, the inner barke of the Palme-tree j are whiter then the men, and seldome goe out of do ores, but at home make Mats and Nets of the Palme-tree, and other House-hold necessaries. Some of the men weare Bonnets on their heads of Palme-tree. They colour their teeth red and blacke, which they esteeme a comely thing. Their food, is Cocos and Battatas, Birds, Figges, a hand- full long, Sugar-Canes, flying Fishes, and other things. They anoynt their bodies and head with the Oyle of Cocos. Their Boats are some all blacke, some white, and some red, and have Sayles made of the broad Leaves of Date- trees, sowed together. In the stead of a Rudder, they use a certaine broad Boord, with a staffe in the top, and may when they will, make the Sterne the Fore-Castle, or the Fore-Castle the Sterne. They sayle so swiftly, that they see me a farre off like Dolphins swimming above the Water. Their Houses are made of Timber, covered with Boords, and Leaves of Figge-tree, a yard long: They have a Hall, Windowes, and Chambers. They have Pal me- Mats for Bed-furniture, and sleepe on Palme Leaves, which are soft. Their Weapons are Clubs or Poles, with a Horne head. The lIand of The tenth day of March, in the yeere I S2 I. they went Zama!. aland upon a little Iland, named Zamal, thirtie Leagues distant from the Iland of Theeves. The next day hee went on shore on another Iland, not inhabited: they rested here a while, where the Captaine caused a Pavillion to be pitched for the sicke and crazed men, and a Hogge to be killed. The Iland was called Humunu, and hath two cleare Springs, and Gold and white Corall, and many Fruit-trees. They gave it the name of Good Signes. The eighteenth day of March, they saw a Boat with nine men comming toward them, shewing themselves joy- full, and rejoycing of their comming. They brought many presents with them, and seemed to be people of 94 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 2 1. much humanitie. They gave the Captaine a great Fish, and a great Vessell of the Wine of those Date-trees, which Wine of Date· beare the Fruit Cocus. They made also signes, that trw. within the space of foure dayes they would bring Rice, and divers Fowles and Beasts, as they did indeed. This Cocus is a Fruit of certaine Date-trees whereof Themarvelous they make Bread, Wine, Oyle, and Vineger. They make ji-uit Cows. Wine in this manner: They cut a bigge branch of the Tree, and hang thereat a Reede as bigge as a mans Legge, into the which droppeth a sweet Liquor from the Tree, like unto white Wine, somewhat tart, and let the Reed continue there from Morning till Evening, and from Evening to Morning. The fruit of this Tree, called Cocus, is as bigge as the head of a man, or more. The first R ynde of this, is greene, and of the thicknesse of two fingers, having in it certaine Threds, whereof they make Cords, with the which they tye their Boats. Under this Rynde there is a thicke shell, which they burne and make powder thereof, and use it as a remedie for certaine Dis- eases. Under this shell, is a white substance, like the kernell of a Nut, being a finger in thicknesse, which they eate with Flesh and Fish, as wee doe Bread. It hath the taste of an Almond, and is used in the stead of Bread, when it is dryed. In the middest of this kernell, is a cleare and sweet Water, being very holesome and cordi all. This Water sometime congealeth, and lyeth within the shell like an Egge. When they intend to make Oyle hereof, they lay it to putrifie in Water, and boyle it untill it be like Oyle or liquid Butter. When they intend to make Vineger, they suffer onely the Water to putrifie, and then set it to the Sunne, where it becommeth Vineger, like unto that which is made of white Wine. And when they mingle the kern ell with the Water which is in the middest of the Fruit, and strayne it through a Cloth, they make a Milke thereof, like unto Goates Milke. These Date- trees are like unto them that beare Dates, but are not so full of knots. With the juice of two of these Date-trees, a whole family of tenne persons may be maintayned with 95 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 15 21 . Wine, using one eight dayes, and the other, other eight dayes; for they should else be dryed and wythered. These Trees continue for the space of an hundred yeeres. This Iland, where they found this humane and gentle The hland of people, is called Zulvan, and is not very bigge. [~u/~a1/. ] They invited the Generall to their Boats, in which were 8 . Ii. 3 . their Merchandize, viz. Cloves, Cinnamon, Ginger, Pepper, Nutmegs, Mace, Gold made in divers things, which they carry to and fro with their Barkes. Hee had them also aboord the ship, and caused a peece of Orden- ance to be shot off; which terrified them so, that they were ready to leape over-boord: but he appeased them, and gave them gifts. The two and twentieth of March they brought Oranges, and a Cocke, and Cocos, with Palme-Wine, in two Barkes. The men were naked, had two Gold Rings at their eares, and many Jewels fastened with Gold to their armes. With these Cocos they re- freshed their sicke men. They told of people in neere Ilands, with eares downe to their armes. They had Daggers, Knives, and Lances garnished with Gold. The Sea called About this Iland they found many other Ilands, and Archipelogodi therefore named this Sea Archipelago di San Lazaro, that San Lazaro: thiJ 1/ame is, the great Sea of Saint Lazarus, being tenne degrees Archipelago, above the Equinoctiall toward our Pole, and a hundred iJ givCII to threescore and one from the place fi'om whence they de- Sw foil of parted. The people of this Iland are Gentiles. They IInndJ. GentilCJ. goe naked, saving that they cover their privie parts with a Cloth made of the rynde of a certaine Tree. The chiefest men have about their heads a silken Cloth of Needle- worke. They are gross and broad set, and of the colour of an Olive. They annoynt their bodies with the Oyle of Cocus, to defend them against the heat of the Sunne, and drynesse of the Winde. The five and twentieth day of March they departed from hence, and directed their course betweene the West and South-west, and sayled betweene Foure lIondJ. Foure Ilands, named Cenalo, Huinanghan, Hibusson, and Abarien, &c. The eight and twentieth day of March they came to the 96 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. I52 !. Iland of Buthuan, where they were honourably entertayned The !land of of the King and the Prince his sonne, who gave them Buthllan. much Gold and Spices. The Captaine gave the King a Vesture of red Cloth, and another of yellow, made after the Turkish fashion, and also a red Cap: and gave like- wise to other that came with him, certaine Knyves, Glasses, and Beades of Crystall. After that the Captaine had shewed the King the secrets of his ship, and such Mer- chandize as hee had therein, hee caused a piece of Orden- ance suddenly to be shot off, whereat the King was greatly amazed, untill the Captaine comforted him. Then the Captaine commanded one of his men to be armed from the head to the foot, and caused three other to strike him with their Swords: whereat the King marvelled greatly, and said to the Interpretor (who was a slave borne in Malacca) that one of those armed men was able to encounter with a hundred of his men. But hee marvelled much more, when the Captaine told him by the Inter- pretor, how he found the Strait by the Compas and Load- stone, and how many dayes they were without sight of any Land. Then asking licence to depart, the Captaine sent two of his men with him, of the which, Antonie Pigafetta was one. When they came on Land, the King lifted his hands to the Skie, and after that, towards the two Chris- tians: these did the like, and all the companie after them. The like ceremonie they used in drinking one to another. The Kings Pallace was like a Hay-house, covered with Palme and Fig-leaves, built on high Timbers aloft, that they mounted thereunto on Ladders. They sit at meat crosse-legged, like Taylors. They make Light in the Night with a gumme of a Tree, wrapped in leaves of Pal me-tree. ¥,Then the King saw Antonie Pigafetta write the names of many things, and afterward rehearsed them againe, he marvelled yet more, making signes, that such men descended from Heaven. The King brought them first to his PaJlace, where he entertayned them honorably, and gave them many gifts, as did also the Prince in his The !land of Pallace, being in another IIand named Caleghan. Caleghan. 11 97 G A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 15 2 1. As they sifted a certaine Myne of Earth in the Kings Iland, they found pieces of Gold some as bigge as Nuts, Plentie of and other as bigge as Egges. All the Kings Vessels were Gold. of Gold, and his House well furnished. In all the whole . Nation there was no man of comelyer personage then the The King of King: Hee had his hayre long, downe to his shoulders, Buthuan. and very blacke, with a vaile of Silke rouled about his head, and two great Rings of Gold hanging at his eares. He had about his middle a Cloth wrought of Cotton and Silke, impaled with Gold, and reaching downe to his knees. On his one side, hee had a long dagger with a Haft of Gold, and the sheathe of. a faire kind of carved Wood. Hee had on every finger three Rings of Gold, and had his body anoynted with Oyle of Storax and Benjamin. The naturall colour of his face was like unto the colour of an Olive; and all his body beside painted with divers colours. The Kings name was Raja Colambu, and the Prince was called Raja Siagu. They easily understood each other, by meanes of a slave which they carryed with them, taken before at Sumatra. One man olfred for six threds of Crystal! Beades a Crowne of massie Gold, with a Collar : but the General! would not permit such bartering, that they should not perceive more account to be made of their Gold by the one, then by the other of the Spanish Wares. The people are nimble, naked, painted. The Women goe clothed from the vVaste downewards, with their long blacke hayre hanging to the ground. They weare eare-rings of Gold in divers formes. They alway are chewing Arecca, a certaine Fruit like a Peare, cut in quarters, and rolled up in leaves of a Tree cal!ed Bettre (or Vetele) like Bay leaves; which having chewed, they spit forth. It makes the mouth red. They say they doe it to comfort the heart, nor could live without it. [r. ii. 39·] The Captaine or General! caused a Crosse to be brought forth, with Nayles, and a Crowne of Thomes, giving com- mandement to all his men to give reverence thereunto, and signifying to the Kings, by the Interpreter, that that Banner was given him by the Emperour, his Lord and 98 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 2 1. Master, with commandement to leave the same in all places where hee came, to the great commoditie and profit of all such as would reverendly receive it, as an assured token of friendship: and that hee would therefore leave it there, as well to accomplish his Lords commandement, as also, that if at any time any ships of Christians should chance to come that way, they might, by seeing that Crosse, perceive that our men had beene well entertayned there, and would therefore not onely abstayne from doing them any hurt or displeasure, but also helpe to ayde them against their enemies: And that therefore it should be requisite to erect that Crosse upon the top of the highest Mountaine that might be seene from the Sea on every side; also to pray unto it reverently: and that in so doing, they should not be hurt with Thunder, Lightning, and Tempests. When the Kings heard these words, they gave the Captaine great thankes, promising gladly to observe and fulfill all such things as he required. Then the Captaine demanded, whether they were Mores or Morts and Gen tiles? They answered, that they had none other kind Genliles. of Religion, but that lifting up their hands joyned together, and their faces toward Heaven, they called upon their God Abba. Which answere liked the Captaine very well, because the Gentiles are sooner perswaded to our Faith then the Mores. Departing from hence, they came to the Ilands of Many llands. Zeilon, Zubut, Messana, and Calaghan, by the conduct of certaine Pilots of the said Kings. Of these, Zubut is the best, and hath the Trade of best Traffique. In the Iland The l/and of of Messana they found Dogges, Cats, Hogges, Hennes, MrlJona. G.oates, Ryse, Gynger, Cocus, Myll, Panicke, Barly, Flgges, Oranges, Waxe, and Gold, in great quanti tie. This !land is above the Equinoctial! toward our Pole nine degrees, and two third parts, and a hundred threescore and two degrees from the place from whence they departed. They remayned in this Iland for the space of eight dayes, and then directed their Voyage toward the Northwest, and passed betweene these five !lands, Zeilon, Bohol, 99 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRI.M.ES 15 2 1. Canghu, Barbai, and Catighan. In this Iland of Catighan Ball 01 big til are certaine great Bats, as bigge as Eagles, of the which Eag/a. they tooke one: they are good to be eaten, and of taste much like a Henne. There are also Stock-doves, Turtle- doves, Popingayes, and certaine Fowles as bigge as Fow/tl with Hennes: these Fowles have little hornes, and lay great h017ltl. egges, which they cover a cubit depth in the Sand, by Eggtl hatched in Sand. the heat whereof, and vertue of the Sunne, they are hatched, and the young Birds creepe out of the Sand by themselves. From the Iland of Messana to Catighan, are twentie Leagues, sayling toward the West. And because the King of Messana could not follow the ships, they tarryed for him about the Ilands of Polo, Ticobon, and Fozon, where the Captaine tooke him into his ship, with certaine of his principall men, and so followed their Voyage toward the Iland of Zubut, which is about fjftie Leagues distant from Catighan. The seventh day of Aprill, about Noone, they entred T he l/and if into the Port of Zubut: and passing by many Villages Zubut. and Habitations in Trees, they came to the Citie, where the Captaine gave commandement to the Mariners to strike their sayles, and to set themselves in order, in man- ner of Battell-ray, causing all the Ordenance to be shot off, wherewith all the people were put in great feare. After this, the Captaine sent an Embassadour with the Inter- preter to the King of Zubut. When they approched neere to the Citie, they found the King with a great companie of men sore astonyed at the noyse of the Gunnes. But the Interpreter advertised them, that it was the custome of our men, in all such places where they come, to discharge their Ordenance in token of friendship, and to honour the Lord of the Citie. With which words the King and his companie were well quieted. After this, the Interpreter declared, that his Master was the Captaine of the shippes of the greatest Prince in the World, and that they went to discover the Ilands of Molucca: And further, that hearing of his good name and fame, by the report of the King of Messana, 100 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. r 52!. they determined to visite him, and to have Victuals for exchange of their Merchandize. The King answered, that he was well content therewith, and that they were heartily welcome: Neverthelesse, that it was a custome in that place, that all such ships as entred into that Haven, should pay tribute: And that there were not many dayes past, since a ship laden with Gold and Slaves, did so pay. A Ihippe laden In token whereof, hee caused to come before him certaine with Gold and SlaVe!. Merchants of that companie, which yet remayned wi th him. To this the Interpreter answered, That for as much as his Lord was the Captaine of so mightie a Prince, he never payd tribute to any King in the World, and would not now begin: Willing him to take this for a resolute answere, That if he would accept the Peace that was prof- fered him, hee should enjoy it; and if hee rather desired Warre, hee should have his hands full. When the Inter- preter had said these words, one of the said Merchants (who was a More) spake to the King in this manner, Catacaia Chita; that is, Take heede Sir: For these men are they that have conquered Calecut, Malacha, and all Calecut. the greater India, and are of such power, that if you Malacha. entreat them otherwise then well, you may too late know what they are able to doe, more then they have done at Calecut and Malacca. When the Interpreter heard these words, hee said, That the King his Lord was of much [I. ii. fO.] greater puissance, and more Dominions, and Lord of more shippes then was the King of Portugall: declaring further, that hee was King of Spaine, and Emperour of all Chris- tendome. Adding hereunto, that if hee would not be his friend, hee would hereafter send thither such a power of armed men as should destroy his Countrey. The More conferred all these words with the King, who said, That hee would further deliberate with his Councell, and give them a full answer the day following. In the meane time he sent them certaine Victuals and Wine. '\¥hen all these things were declared to the King of Messana, who was the chiefest thereabout next unto him, and Lord of many Ilands, hee went a Land, and repayred 101 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1521 . to the King of Zubut, and declared unto him the great humanitie and courtesie of the generall Captaine. Shortly after, the Captaine sent certaine of his men with the Inter- preter, to the King of Zubut, to know his pleasure, and what answere hee would make them. As they went to- ward the Court, they met the King comming in the street, accompanyed with many of his chiefe men. Hee caused our men to sit downe by him, and demanded of them, if there were any more then one Captaine in their companie ; and whether it were their request, that hee should pay tribute to the Emperour. They answered, that they desired none other thing, but that they might exercise Merchandize with them, and to barter Ware for Ware. The King made answere, that he was well content there- Shedding oj with: willing the Captaine, in token of friendship, to blood i! a of send him a little bloud of his right arme; affirming, that token .friel/dship. he would doe the like . After this, the King of Messana, with the King of Zubut his Nephew (who was the Prince) and certaine other of his Gentlemen, came to the ships, and brought the Captaine many goodly presents. They entred into great ami tie, and had large communication of many things. The Captaine perswaded them to the Christian Faith: which they gladly embraced, and tooke such pleasure in hearing the Articles of our Beleefe, that the teares fell The King of from their eyes for joy. They were baptized: and shortly Zubut i! bap- after, all the people of the Iland. They esteeme nothing tized. more precious, then drinking Glasses of Venice worke. When they came to the Citie, they found the King in hi s Pallace, sitting upon a Floore or Storie made of the Leaves of Date trees, wrought after a curious Device, like The King a! a certaine kind of Mats. Hee had upon his body none Zuhut hi! Apparrell. other Apparrell, but onely a Cloth of Bombasine Cotton, hanging before his privie parts. On his head hee had a Veyle of Needle-worke, and about his necke a Chayne of great price. At his eares hung two Rings of Gold, wherein were inclosed many precious Stones. Bee was but of small stature, but somewhat grosse, and had the residue 102 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D 152 I. of his body painted with divers colours, whereof some were like unto flaming fire. Before him, hee had two Vessels made of the fine Earth called Porcellana, with sodden Egges. Also foure Vessels of Porcellana, full of Wine made of Date trees, and covered with many odori- ferous Herbes. The Prince brought them to his House, where hee had foure daughters, very well favoured and WeI/favoured white, like ours. Hee caused them to dance all naked, Women . and therewith to sing, and play on certaine Tymbrels made of Metall. At this time it so chanced, that one of the Spaniards died in one of the shippes: and when certaine of their companie desired the King to give them leave to burie him on the Land; hee answered, That for as much as hee and all his were at the commandement of their King and Master, how much more ought the ground so to bee? They greatly marvelled at the Ceremonies pertayning to the manner of our Funerals, and honoured the Crosses whlch were set at both the ends of the Grave. They live with Justice, and use Weights and Measures. Their Houses are made of Timber and sawne Boords, and are so builded above the ground upon Props and Pyles, that they ascend to the same by certaine stayres. Under their Houses, they keepe their Hogges, and Goats, and Hennes. They told of certaine goodly \Vater-Fowle as bigge as Crowes, called Laghan, which the Whales of those parts sometimes swallow downe, but so are themselves devoured, the Fowle gnawing the heart of the Whale, and killing him; by the people found in the dead body, floting to Land, still living in the same. The flesh of this Fowle is delicate, but the skin is blacke. When they came to bartering, they gave Gold, Ryce, Bartering. Hogges, Hennes, and divers other things, for some of our trifles of small value. They gave tenne Pesos of Gold for foureteene pounds weight of Iron. One Pesus is in PtJUJ what it value a Duckat and a halfe. h. The .S~nday following, the King was baptized with great solemmtle: at which time, the Captaine admonished him 103 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 152 1. before, not to be afraid at the shooting off of the Orden- ance, because it was their custome so to doe at such solemne Feasts. After this, the Captaine caused them to T hey breake breake all their Idols, and to set up the Crosse in divers their. Ida", places, praying to the same both Morning and Evening, and erect the Craue. kneeling on their knees, and holding up their hands joyned together. The King in his baptisme was named Charles, after the Emperours name, and the Prince Fer- dinando, after the name of his Majesties Brother. The King of Messana was named John, and the More Christo- pher. To all other they gave such names as are com- monly used in Christendome. And thus before Masse Five hundred was begun, were five hundred men baptized. When men baptized. Masse was finished, the Captaine invited the King to dyne [!. ii. 4-1. J with him in his shippe, and at his comming caused the Ordenance to be discharged. The ~eene was also bap- tized, with fortie of her Gentlewomen, and her Daughter The Queene the Princes Wife. The ~eene was very young and faire, of Zubut. having her body covered with a white Cloth. Her Lippes were red, and shee had on her head a Hat, on the top whereof was a triple Crowne, much like the Popes: this Crowne and the Hat were made of the Leaves of Date trees. Within the space of eight dayes, the Inhabitants of the Iland were baptized, except one Village of Idolaters, who would not herein obey the Kings commandement. Where- upon the Captaine sent certaine of his men thither, who burnt the Towne, and erected a Crosse in that place, because the people of the Village were Gentiles (that is) Idolaters. But if they had been Mores (that is, Mac- humetists) they would have erected a Pillar of Stone, because the Mores are more stubborne and harder to be converted then are the Gentiles. The Queenu When the ~eene came to the place where shee should Apparrcll. heare Masse, shee came forth with great pomp and solem- nitie, having going before her three young Damosels, and three men with their Cappes in their hands, whom shee followed apparrelled in white and blacke, with a great 104 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.n. 15 2 1. Veyle of Silke upon her head, fringed about with Gold, which covered her Hat, and hung downe to her shoulders: shee had also a great trayne of Women following her, being all barefooted and naked, except that upon their heads and privie parts, they wore certaine Veyles of Silke, and had their hayre spred. Before the King of Zubut was baptized, hee was named Raja Humabuon. When the Captaine demanded of him, Why all the Idols in the Iland were not burnt, according to his promise? hee answered, That they esteemed them no more as Gods, but onely made sacrifice to them for the Princes Brother, who was very sicke, and as noble and wittie a man as was in the Iland. The Captaine answered, That if hee would burne all his Idols, and beleeve faith- fully in Christ, and be baptized, hee should be immediately restored to health, and that he would else give them leave to strike off his head. By these words and perswasions of the Captaine, he conceived such hope of health, that after he was baptized, he felt no more griefe of his dis- ease. And this was a manifest Miracle wrought in our time, whereby divers Infidels were converted to our Faith, and their Idols destroyed, and also their Altars over- throwne, on the which they were accustomed to eate the sacrificed flesh. The people of the Iland pay the King a portion of Victuals for their tribute, by all their Cities and Villages. Not farre from this Iland of Zubut, is the Iland of The lIand of Mathan, whose Inhabitants use marvelous Ceremonies Mathan. in their sacrifices to the Sunne, and in burying the dead. Before their Swine-sacrifice, they ring certaine Bells: then bring three Platters; in two of which, are Vyands of Rice and Honey boyled rouled up in Leaves, and rosted Fishes; in the other, is a Linnen Cloth, with two Fillets or strings, which is spred on the Earth. Then come two old Women, each with a Reed-Trumpet in hand. These mount upon the Cloth, and having worshipped the Sunne, cover themselves with the Cloth. One of them applyes one of the strings or Fillets with two homes, to her for- 105 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 152 1. head, holding the other in her hand, and thus sounding and dancing, calleth on the Sunne. The other followeth j both praying, sounding, and dancing round about the Hogge, tyed in the midst. The horned Beldame mum- bleth to the Sunne, the other answering: Then a Cup of Wine is brought, and making semblance to drinke, after divers mutuall mumblings, shee powreth it on the Hogge. After which, this horned Mother hath a Lance brought her: with which, after a deale of masking and mumming Ceremonie, shee kills him. All this while a Light is burning, and now is put into the mouth of the Swine. The other Beldam washeth the Head of the Trumpe in the bloud, and with her finger imbrued with bloud, first signeth her Husbands for-head, and after, other mens. Which done, they both disrobe themselves, and eate the Vyands in the other Dishes, onely Women communicat- ing with them. They sindge the Hogge: the flesh they may not eate, till it be thus consecrated by those Witches. They goe naked, except a little Cloth before their privities. The Males, great and small, make a hole thorow the skin, neere the head of the Yard, and therein a Gold Ring is put, as bigge as a Goose-quill. They take as many Wives as they will, but one is principall. When a man of sort dyes, the principall Women goe to his House, and set Boughes in Cords, fastned about the Corps, in every Bough a piece of Cotton, so that the place is like a Tent. Herein they sit, arrayed in white Cotton, each having a Girdle, with a Fanne of Palme tree, to cause winde. One comes after with a Knife, which cuts off by little and little the hayre of the deceased. After which, his principall Wife lyeth upon him, applying her Lippes to his, her Hands to his Hands, and her Feet to his. When the one cutteth, this other laments j when shee ceaseth to cut, this sings. About the Chamber, are Porcellane Dishes with fire, on which they burne Myrrhe, Storax, and other Sweets. This Ceremonie lasts five dayes. All which time, at Midnight (they say) there comes as it were a Raven, which lights on the House, and cryes j the Dogs 106 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A .D. 152 1. with howling, holding with the Ravens crying, a blacke Sanctus for five houres each Night. After all this, they enclose the Corps in a House closed round with Wood. The Iland is governed by two Princes, whereof the one is named Zula, and the other Cilapulapu. And whereas this Cilapulapu refused to pay tribute to the King of Spaine, the Captaine went against him in his owne person [I. ii. 42.] with threescore of his men, armed with Coats of Mayle and Helmets. Cilapulapu divided his Army into three Battels, having in every Battell two thousand and fiftie men, with armed Bowes, Arrowes, Darts, and Javelins, hardened at the points with fire. This continued long and sharpe. But the Captaine being a valiant man, and preasing himselfe in the brunt of the Battell, was sore wounded with a venomed Arrow, and after, with a Lance of Cane thrust in his face, slaine, for as much as the most of the Barbarians directed all their force against him. Beside the Captaine, were slaine of our men about eight The Captaine or nine: Of the Barbarians, were fifteene slaine, and many Mogel/onul iJ Jiaine. sore wounded. After the death of the Captaine, they chose two other in his place; of the which, one was Odoardo Barbosa, a Portugall, and the other, John Ser- rano, who was shortly after betrayed by the Interpreter, and taken prisoner with divers other. The Enemies would not permit Magalianes Body to be ransomed at any price. Certaine dayes before the Captaines death, they had knowledge of the Ilands of Molucca, which they chiefe ly sought. Departing therefore from the Iland of Mathan, they sayled farre, and came to the Cape of another Iland, The l/and of named Bohol. In the midst of this maine Sea (which they Bohol. named Archipelagus) they consulted to burne the ship They burnt named Conception, because they were now few in number, one of their Ihipl. and to furnish the other two ships with the Artillerie thereof. Thus directing their course toward Southwest, they came to another Iland named Pauiloghon, where they found blacke men. BloCR me/J. A.D. PURCltAS HIS PILGRIMES 152 1. Shortly after, they arrived at another great Iland, whose King, named Raja Calavar, entreated them very friendly in all things, as did the King of Messana. This nand is rich in Gold, and hath plentie of Rice, Ginger, Hogges, Goats, Hennes, and divers other things. It is named The !land of Chippit, and is eight degrees above the Equinoctiall Line Chippit. toward our Pole, and in longitude from the place from whence they first departed, an hundred and seven tie de- grees, and about fiftie Leagues from Zubut. The King, in token of peace, drew bloud of his left hand, and therewith anoynted his body, face, and the top of his tongue. The like was done by the Spaniards. Pigafetta was entertayned by the King and his two Wives with deepe Carowses; which hee refused to pledge, excus- ing, that hee had supped. Here hee saw much Gold, but small provision of Victuall. The I1ol/d of Departing from hence, they came to another nand, Coghaim,. named Caghaian, being fortie Leagues from Chippit, as they sayled betweene the West and Southwest. This Iland is very great, and in manner unhabited. The people are Mores, and were banished out of the nand of Burnei, which some call Porne. They use poysoned Arrowes, and have store of Gold. From this nand, about five and twentie Leagues betweene the West and Northwest, they found a mar- The I101/d of vellous fruitfull nand, named Pulaoan, being toward our PUlaOt11I. Pole above the Equinoctiall nine degrees, and a third part, and an hundred seventie and nine degrees, and a third part, in longitude from the place of their departing. In it is store of Rice, Ginger, Hogges and Goats, Hennes, Figges halfe a yard long, as bigge as a mans arme, very good, and others of lesser kin des ; Cocos, Battatos, Sugar Canes, and a kind of pleasant Rootes. The King in token of friendship wounded his Brest with a Knife, touching with the bloud his Tongue and For-head; and the Spaniards did likewise. The people goe naked, use poysoned Arrowes, have great Cocks, which they use in Cock-fightings, but not for food, by reason of a reason- 108 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 2 1. lesse superstition. They have Wine of Rice, better then that of the Palme-tree, easily causing Drunkennesse. From this Ilan~, ten Leagues toward the Southwest, The !land of they saw another Iland, which seemed to them sometimes Barnei, or Pome. to mount, as they sayled by the Coasts thereof. As they were entring into the Port, there arose a boystrous and darke Tempest, which ceased as soone as the Fires of the three Saints (whereof we have spoken before) appeared upon the Cables. From the beginning of this Iland to the Port, are five Leagues. This Iland is great and rich, and the chiefe Citie thereof contayneth five and twentie A gr,al Ci/ie. thousand Houses. The King entertayned our men very friendly, and sent them, beside many other presents, two Elephants, trapped with Silke, to bring them to his Pallace, Elephan/f. that brought the presents which the Captaines sent him. Hee hath a magnificent Court, and a great Guard; also, a multitude of Concubines. Hee is a More, and is named Raja Siripada. Hee is a King of great power, and hath under him many other Kings, Ilands, and Cities. This Iland of Burnei is above the Equinoctiall, toward our Pole, five degrees and a quarter, and in longitude from the place of their departing, an hundred seven tie six de- grees, and two third parts. They use here Betele and fuecca, and Rice-Wine, called Arach. Their reverence to the King, is three times to hold the hands closed over the head, then to lift up the feet one after the other, and lastly, to kisse their hands. The King hath ten Scribes, or Secretaries, which write his affaires in Barkes of Trees. His household was all ordered by Women, and the chiefe mens Daughters. On the nine and twentieth of July they were assaulted by an hundred Prawes and Junkes, of which, they tooke foure; in one of which, was the sonne of the King of Lozon, Captaine generall to the King of Borneo, who now [1. ii. 4-3.] was returned from the sacke of Lao, a great Citie in the Iland towards Java: For the Ethnikes, or Natives, and the Mores of this Iland are in fierce Warres against each other. And had not the Pilot for a bribe let this man escape [09 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 152I. closely, hee had beene worth much to them in ransome. This King of Borneo had two Pearles, as it were Henne Egges, and so round, that on a plaine Table they would not stand firmely. In this Iland growes Camphir, which is the gumme of the Tree Capar, and Cinnamon, Ginger, Mirabolans, Oranges, Limons, Sugar, Cucumers, Melons, Swine, Goates, Hennes, Deere, Elephants, Horse, &c. l~c 1!and of Departing from Burnei, they came to an Iland called Ci1/l0"boll. Cimbubon, being eight degrees seven minutes above the Equinoctiall Line. Here they remayned fortie dayes, to calke their shippes, and furnish them with fresh Water and Fuell, which was to them great paine and travell, because they were in manner all bare-footed, their shooes (and in manner their other Apparrell) being worne, by reason of the long Voyage. In the Woods of this Iland Leaves of tree! they found a Tree, whose Leaves as soone as they fall on which Ite1/lC to live. the ground, doe stirre and remove from place to place, as though they were alive: they are much like the Leaves of a Mulberry Tree, and have on every side as it were two short and blunt feet. When they are cut or broken, there is no bloud seene come forth of them : Yet when any of them are touched, they suddenly move, and start away. Antonie Pigafetta kept one of them in a Platter for the space of eight dayes, and ever when he touched it, it ranne round about the Platter. Hee supposeth, that they live onely by ayre. Here were Crocodiles, and wild Hogges, and Ostriches. They tooke also a Fish, headed like a Swine, with two homes, the rest of the body all of one bone, and as it were a saddle on the backe. Departing from hence, they directed their course by the West quarter toward the South-east, to find the Ilands of Molucca, and sayled not farre from certaine Mountaines, A Scn fit/I of where they found the Sea full of great Weedes and Herbes. If/eede!. From hence, they came to the Ilands of Zolo and Pearln. Taghima, in the which are found Pearles of exceeding bignesse. The King of Borneo had his two Pearles trom hence, captiving the King his father in Law, and making him pay them for ran some. 110 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 2 !. Following their course toward the North-east, they came to a great Citie named Mangdando, lying above the Ilands of Buthuan and Calaghan, where they tooke a Canoa of certaine of the Inhabitants: by whom being informed of the Ilands of Molucca, they left their course toward the North-east, and followed the South-east, neere unto a Cape of the Iland of Buthuan. They were adver- tised for certaintie, that on the bankes of a certaine River, there dwelt men, called Benaian, over-growne with hayre, Men Ofl( r- which killed men, grofUne with and did eat their hearts raw, with the hayre. juice of Oranges and Limons. They are tall and strong, use Bowes and Swords of Wood. In these Ilands growes the best Cinnamon, whereof they had seven and twentie pound in exchange for two Knives. Here is the great Citie Mangdando. Being in six degrees, seven minutes, they made their way South-east, and encountred foure Ilands, Ciboco, Biramboia, Sarangani, Condingar. A great Tempest here assayled them the foure and twentieth of October: but after their prayers, the three Lights appeared on their shrowds, whereupon the dark- nesse ceased, if a worse did not remayne. For they hereupon vowed to set free a slave in honour of the three Saints, S. Helena, S. Nicholas, and S. Clare. How much more tolerable is that Ethnike adoration of the Sunne and Starres, then this of inferior Meteors, if it may any way be tolerable to give the glory of God to a Creature? After the Tempest, they came to harbour in the Ile Sarangani, where they heard was Gold and Pearles. Here they tooke by force two Pilots for the Molucca's. They passed eight Ilands, some inhabited, some not; their names were Ceana, Canida, Cabiaio, Camuca, Cabalu, Chiai, Lipan, Nuzza; and then came to a faire Iland, called Sanghir, in three degrees and a halfe, where were foure Gentile Kings. They passed five other Ilands, and then espyed foure others, which their Pilot said were the Molucca's. This was the sixt day of November, and the seven and twentieth moneth after their departure out of Spaine. Being therefore joyfulJ, and giving thankes unto II I A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILG RIMES I5 2 1. God, they discharged all their Ordenance. In the Coast The I1and! of of all these Ilands, even unto the Ilands of Molucca, Molucca. sounding with their Plummet, they found the depth of the Sea to be no lesse then a hundred and two yards, The- Porlugal! which is contrary to the saying of the PortugaIs; who are reproved. affirme, That no ship can passe that way without great danger, by reason of the shallownesse, and Rockes or Shelves, and for the darken esse which the Clouds cause in ~~e Heaven. All which things they fayned, to the intent that none other should have knowledge of their Voyages. The eight day of November, in the yeere I 52 I. before the rising of the Sunne, they entred into the Port of the Tidore, one of Iland of Tidore, being one of the chiefe Ilands of Molucca, Ihe I1and! of where they were honourably entertayned of the King: M olucca. who decI ared, that hee had long belLO' re dreamed, that A f/iIion in certaine ships should come from a farre Countrey, to the Ihe Plant/!. Ilands of Molucca: And that whereas, for the better certificate thereof, hee considered the stations of the [1. ii. 4-4-J Moone, hee saw therein the comming of our ships, and that wee were the men whom hee seemed to see in the same. Whereupon hee proffered himselfe to enter into league of friendship with the King of Spaine, and to accept our men as his Brethren and Children, willing them to come aland, as into their owne Houses. Also, that for their comming, that Iland should no more be called Tidore, but Castile, for the great love which he bore to their King, whom he reputed as his Lord and Master. This King is a More, and is named Raja Sultan Mauzor. He sware upon the Aleoran (laying it three or foure times on his head, and saying certaine words) to be friend to the King of Spaine. ThejitJellalld! The Ilands of Molucca are five in number, and are of Molucco. thus named: Tarenate, Tidore, M utir, Macchian, and Tamale. Bacchian. Of these, Tarenate is the chiefest; and the King thereof, was sometime Lord of them all. Mutir and Macchian were now governed of the people. Bacchian had a King. The Clove-trees are as bigge as a man 112 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. I5 2 !. about, tall; the Boughes large in the midst, and pointed at the top; the Leaves, as of Bay-trees; the Barke, of Olive colour. The Cloves grow !en and twentie together, in the tops of the Boughes; first white, red at ripenesse, black by the drying. They gather them twice a yeere, in June and December. The Leafe, Barke, and Wood being greene, is as strong as the Clove. If they take them not in their time, they grow great and hard. Every man hath hIs owne Trees, and bestowes little Husbandry on them. The Women are brutish, and goe naked, save that before their privities they have a covering made of a Tree, which being steeped in water, is beaten into as large a forme as they will, even to the thinnesse of Silke. Directly against the nand of Tidore, there is another great nand, named Gilolo, inhabited of Mores and Gen- The I/alld of tiles. The Mores have two Kings; of the which, one Gil%. Mores and hath six hundred children, and the other six hundred and Genti/es. fiftie. The Gentiles keepe not so many Women as doe the Mores, nor yet live in such superstitions. They pray to the first thing that they meete in the Morning, when they goe forth of their Houses, and honour that as their God for that day. The King of the Gentiles is very rich in Gold. In the said nand of Gilolo are Reedes Gold. as bigge as a mans legge, and full of cleare water, holesome Water ill to be drunke. Reede,. The twelfth day of November, the King of Tidore appointed our men a Ware-house in the Citie, where they might sell their Marchandise. Their manner of exchange Their malllltr was in this sort: For ten yards of good red Cloth, they of barterillg. had one Bahar of Cloves, which amounteth to foure Cantari, and six pound weight; and one Cantar is a hundred pound weight. For fifteene yards of Cloth, somewhat worse then the other, they received in Cambie, one Bahar. For five and thirtie drinking Cup pes of Gla~se, they had one Bahar. For seventeene Cathyls of ~lCk-sllver, one Bahar. They came dayly to the shippes, WIth many of their Barkes full of Goats, Hennes, Figges of a span long, also the Fruit called Cocus, with divers II "3 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 152 1. other kindes of Victuals, in such quanti tie, that it was a marvellous thing to behold. They furnished also their Water of a ships with fresh \-Vater, which is hot as it issueth out of strange the Spring, but is very cold when it hath stood a while quolilie. in another place. It springeth fi'om the Mountaines, on the which the Clove-trees gro"l%r. They saw a Cloud rise in manner daily, which compassei:h about the said Moun- taines of Clove-trees. There were some Nutmeg-trees also. The King of the Iland of Bacchian sent the King of Birds of a Spaine two dead Birds, of strange forme: They were of strange forme. the bignesse of Turtle-Doves, with little heads and long bylls, also long and small legges, and no wings, but in the stead thereof, certaine long feathers of divers colours, and tayles like Turtle-Doves; all the other feathers are of one colour, much like unto Tawny, except those of the wings: they Bye not, but when the winde bloweth. These Mores are of opinion, that these Birds come from the heavenly Paradise, and therefore call them Manucco- diata, that is, the Birds of God. When they were determined to depart from the Ilands of Molucca, certaine Kings of the Ilands accompanied them with their Canoas, and conducted them to an Iland called Mare, where they refreshed their shippes with fresh 'iVater and Fuel!. The Kings sent the Emperors Majestie many presents; and embracing our men, departed with the tea res in their eyes: and our men, for their last farewell, shot off all their Ordenance. They leave one In the Iland of Mare they perceived, that one of their oft heir shi/'Ptf shippes leaked and tooke water very sore, whereby they behind them. were enforced to tarry there three dayes: but seeing that they could finde no remedie for the same, but in long time, they determined to leave it; giving order, that if after- ward it could bee repayred, they should returne into Spaine as well as they could. The I1ands oj In all the Ilands of Molucca, is found Cloves, Ginger, M oll/cco. Bread of the branches or inner parts of Sagu, Rice, Goats, Sheepe, Hennes, Figges, Almonds, sweet Pomegranats Jl4 FERDINAND MAGELLAN A.D. 15 22. and sowre, Oranges, Limons, and Honey, which is made Hony of Flye,. of certaine Flyes lesse then Ants: Also Canes of Sugar, Oyle of Coeus, Melons, Gourds, and a marvellous cold Fruit, which they name Camulicai, and divers other Fruits. Furthermore, white and red Popingayes, and other of PopingayCJ. variable colours. It is not past fiftie yeeres since the Mores first inhabited any of these Ilands, which were before inhabited onely with Gentiles. The Iland of Tidore is above the Equinoctiall Line [1. ii. +5.] toward our Pole, about seven and twentie minutes, and The I1and of in longitude from the place from whence they departed, Tidore. a hundred seven tie one degrees, and from the Archi- pelagus, in the which is the Iland of Zamal, which our men named the Iland of Theeves, nine degrees and a halfe, and runneth to the quarter of South South-west, and North North-east. Terenate is under the Equinoctiall Termalt. Line foure minutes, under the Pole Antartike. Mutir is Mulir. dIrectly under the Equinoctiall Line. Macchian is fifteene Macchian. minutes toward the Pole Antartike: and Bacchian, one Bacchian. degree. These Ilands are like foure sharpe Mountaines, except Macchian, which is not sharpe. The biggest of all these, is Bacchian. Departing from the Iland of Mare, and directing their course toward the South-west, with onely six and fortie men in their ship, and thirteene Indians, they passed by the Ilands of Chacovan, Lagoma, Sico, Gioghi, Caphi, Many I1and,. Sulacho, Lumatola, Tenetum, Buru, Ambon, Budia, Celaruri, Benaia, Ambalao, Bandon, Zorobua, Zolot, Nocevamor, Galian, and Mallua, with divers other Ilands both great and small, of Mores, Gentiles, and Canibals. Our men remayned fifteene dayes in the Iland of Mallua, The !land of to repayre their shippe in certaine places where it tooke Mal/un. water. All the fields of this Iland are full of long and round Pepper, and is situate tow.ard the Pole Antartike, Peppr,.. under the Equinoctiall Line, eight degrees and a halfe, and is in the longitude of a hundred sixtie nine degrees, and fortie minutes. The people are Men eaters. The Women u~e Bowes and Arrowes. The Men weare their Hayre "5 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES 1522 • and Beards in Canes. There growes much Pepper, both long and round, with Leaves like Mulberry, and climbing, like to Ivie. LillIe men The Pilot which our men brought out of the Ilands wilh long of Molucca, told them, That not farre from thence was an carel ,. a fobuloUf Iland named Arucetto, in the which are Men and Women reporl. Such not past a Cubit in height, having eares of such bignesse, halh bin Ihe that they lye upon one, and cover them with the other. ground of But our men would not sayle thither, both because the fobui