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SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES 
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA 
DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSONAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM 
 
 
 
BY 
AMENYO, GEORGE ETORNAM 
(10701091) 
 
THIS PROJECT WORK IS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC 
HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR 
THE AWARD OF THE MASTER OF HEALTH INFORMATICS (MHI) 
DEGREE. 
 
August, 2019  
 
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DECLARATION 
I hereby declare that this thesis (practicum) was composed by myself, that the work 
contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text, and that 
this work has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. 
 
 
………………………………..                                       Date: …………………………… 
Amenyo, George Etornam 
 (Student) 
 
 
 
 
………………………………..                                       Date: …………………………… 
Dr. Afagbedzi, Seth Kwaku 
(Supervisor) 
 
 
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DEDICATION 
My first dedication goes to God Almighty, through Him I am what I am. To my family 
for contributing and supporting me throughout this program. I also dedicate this project to 
my friends who stood by me, supported and rallied me on. I also extend my dedication to 
University of Ghana, School of Public health for given me this opportunity to be part of 
this program. This project is dedicated to all of you. 
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
My foremost gratitude and acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God for His 
guidance, protection and travelling mercies each day to campus.  
To my supervisor, I am most grateful for accepting to supervise my project work, my 
unflinching gratitude and appreciation go to you for your directions and guiding me 
through my work. Thank you.  
I wish to acknowledge the entire staff at the Biostatistics Department, School of Public 
Health, University of Ghana. I appreciate all the efforts and grooming processes I had the 
opportunity to enjoy. 
My immense gratitude goes to TechAce (Frank Asefuah and Georgina Diana Maison) for 
their assistance in the coding process. 
Lastly my heartfelt gratitude goes out to my family and every individual who has 
contributed in diverse ways to get me here. 
May the Almighty God bless you all 
 
 
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ABSTRACT 
In an era where many advancements and accomplishments in information technology 
over the past decades has been tremendous, health and healthcare delivery has not been 
left out; quite a number of diverse forms of Electronic Information Systems have been 
designed and implemented in different institutions and countries. The field of health care 
has been transformed globally as a result of Information and communication technology 
(ICT).  
The need of a system that can aid individuals store their own health records is on the 
ascending. The personal storage of one’s health-related data is termed as Personal Health 
Record (PHR) (Roehrs, Da Costa, Da Rosa Righi, & De Oliveira, 2017). It is has become 
universal to access your personal information of all types online, from academic grades, 
to financial and banking statements, bills, and profiles, just to identify a few. One major 
form of data/information that has been slow to adaption to the digital environment is 
personal health record (PHR). 
It is gathered that most individuals do not possess any form of personal health record 
system, some rely on the manual form of storage where some hard copies of hospital 
reports, x-rays and laboratory results are kept at home in a paper file or some folder or 
cupboard.  
The development of PHR system is to draw attention to the need for personal health 
record system. In the developing process, the SDLC was followed. Requirements was 
gathered through interview, analyzed and used to identify the processes the system would 
go through. The development platform was chosen based on the available time for 
coding, debugging, testing and deploying. An application that runs in a web browser 
environment was developed relying on a localhost system to support the database system. 
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 Acceptance of PHR by physicians and tech savvy individuals would influence the 
adoption of PHR. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENT 
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ i 
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... ii 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ iii 
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................ vi 
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ ix 
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... x 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................xii 
CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................. 1 
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 1 
1.2 Problem Statement ......................................................................................................... 4 
1.3 Justification .................................................................................................................... 6 
1.4 Study Objectives............................................................................................................. 7 
1.4.1 General Objective .................................................................................................. 7 
1.4.2 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................. 7 
1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................................ 7 
1.6 Scope/Delimitation ......................................................................................................... 8 
1.7 Study limitation .............................................................................................................. 8 
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................... 10 
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................... 10 
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 10 
2.2 Strength and weakness of the existing health record system ................................... 10 
2.3 Requirement Analysis .................................................................................................. 12 
2.3.1 User Requirements............................................................................................... 12 
2.3.2 Functional Requirement ...................................................................................... 13 
2.3.3 Non-functional Requirement .............................................................................. 15 
2.3.4 Open source software requirements and Web-based system requirements. .. 15 
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2.4 Money saving and Importance.................................................................................... 16 
2.5 System Architecture ..................................................................................................... 16 
2.6 Information Input Technique ..................................................................................... 18 
CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................................... 20 
3 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 20 
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 20 
3.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ................................................................... 20 
3.2.1 Requirement gathering and analysis .................................................................. 22 
3.2.2 System Design ....................................................................................................... 22 
3.2.3 Implementation and coding ................................................................................ 29 
3.2.4 Testing ................................................................................................................... 30 
CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................................................... 31 
4 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 31 
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 31 
4.2 Results from Observation ............................................................................................ 31 
4.3 Results from Interviews ............................................................................................... 33 
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................... 37 
5 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................... 37 
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 37 
5.2 Targeted Population .................................................................................................... 37 
5.3 Review of current Manual System ............................................................................. 37 
5.4 Need for Personal Health Record System .................................................................. 37 
5.5 Functional Requirements ............................................................................................ 38 
5.6 Non-Functional Requirement ..................................................................................... 39 
5.7 Product Function ......................................................................................................... 39 
5.8 User Problem Statement .............................................................................................. 39 
5.9 System Architecture ..................................................................................................... 40 
5.10 System Design and User Interface .............................................................................. 40 
CHAPTER SIX .............................................................................................................................. 52 
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6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ......................................................... 52 
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 52 
6.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 52 
6.3 Recommendation .......................................................................................................... 53 
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................. 54 
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 57 
Appendix A: Programming codes for Login Screen ...................................................................... 57 
Appendix B: Detailed programming code for registration interface ............................................. 60 
Appendix C: Programming codes for the main dashboard ............................................................ 63 
Appendix D: Programming codes for Medical Profile interface ................................................... 69 
Appendix E: Programming codes for Medical Visit ...................................................................... 86 
Appendix E: Programming codes for Prescription Interface ......................................................... 93 
Appendix F: Programming codes for Vitals interface ................................................................... 99 
Appendix G: Programming codes for Logout interface............................................................... 105 
Appendix H: Interview questions ................................................................................................ 106 
Getting Started ............................................................................................................................. 107 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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LIST OF TABLES 
Table 1: PERSONAL /USER DETAIL ............................................................................ 24 
Table 2: VISITATION ...................................................................................................... 25 
Table 3: Vital Stats............................................................................................................ 25 
Table 4: PRESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 26 
Table 5: APPOINTMENTS .............................................................................................. 26 
Table 6: INSURANCE ..................................................................................................... 27 
Table 7: IN CASE OF EMERGENCY CONTACT PERSON ......................................... 27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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LIST OF FIGURES 
Figure 1: PHR systems evaluation model. ........................................................................ 14 
Figure 2: PHR system functional model overview ........................................................... 14 
Figure 3: System Architecture .......................................................................................... 17 
Figure 4: PHR and EHR relationships. IoT: Internet of Things. ...................................... 18 
Figure 5: SDLC Waterfall model ...................................................................................... 21 
Figure 6: Typical System Development Life Cycle ......................................................... 21 
Figure 7: Flowchart for personal health record system .................................................... 23 
Figure 8: Entity relationship diagram ............................................................................... 40 
Figure 9: Login Screen ..................................................................................................... 41 
Figure 10: Registration screen .......................................................................................... 42 
Figure 11: Initial dashboard .............................................................................................. 43 
Figure 12: Dashboard after populating detail ................................................................... 43 
Figure 13: Medical Visit ................................................................................................... 45 
Figure 14: Add medical visit information ......................................................................... 45 
Figure 15: Prescription screen .......................................................................................... 46 
Figure 16: Prescription Information ................................................................................. 47 
Figure 17: Vitals ............................................................................................................... 48 
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Figure 18: Vitals ............................................................................................................... 48 
Figure 19: Medical Profile screen ..................................................................................... 49 
Figure 20: Personal details form ....................................................................................... 50 
Figure 21: Insurance details .............................................................................................. 50 
Figure 22: Emergency contact .......................................................................................... 51 
Figure 23: Log out ............................................................................................................ 51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
 PHR(s) – Personal Health Record (system) 
 EHR – Electronic Health Record 
 EMR – Electronic Medical Record 
 ICT – Information and Communication Technology 
 URD – User Requirement Document 
 GUI – Graphic User Interface 
 SDLC – System Development Life Cycle  
 HL7 - Health Level Seven 
 ISO – International Organization for Standardization 
 IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission 
 SPHR – Standalone Personal Health Record 
 IOT – Internet of Things 
 CPU – Central Processing Unit 
 GPU – Graphics Processing Unit  
 PHP – Hypertext Preprocessor (earlier called Personal Home Page) 
 FOSS – Free and open-source software 
 BMI – Body Mass Index 
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CHAPTER ONE 
INTRODUCTION 
1.1 Background 
According to the Ghana’s Patient Charter, a patient is entitled to full information on 
his/her condition and management and it is the responsibility of the patient to ask for 
these information (Ghana health service, 2017).  
In bid to facilitate partnership between healthcare providers and patients/clients, patients 
are required to have access to their health records and possibly have a copy (paper format 
or electronic format), this would contribute to reduction in the parent-child sort of 
relationship that exist between healthcare providers and patients. This partnering also 
empowers patients/clients to have interest and control over their health and healthcare 
record, patients are encouraged to show greater concern about their health and healthcare 
record. 
 In an era where many advancements and accomplishments in information 
technology over the past decades has been tremendous, health and healthcare delivery has 
not been left out; quite a number of diverse forms of Electronic Health Records have 
been designed and implemented in different institutions and countries.  
Some countries and health authorities are now planning the introduction of a countrywide 
electronic health record. Others on the hand have gone ahead to implement some form of 
Electronic Health Record system. There are variations in the EHR type and what one 
country may call as an Electronic Health Record (Watson, 2006). 
The field of health care has been transformed globally as a result of Information 
and communication technology (ICT). Health record, Medical chart and Medical record 
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are terms that are used interchangeably. What then is Health Record/Medical Record? 
Medical record is described as the organized documentation of a patient's medical history 
and care over time within one particular health care provider's practice (WHO Western 
Pacific Region, 2006). 
Electronic Health Record is defined by Healthit.gov as a digital version of 
patient’s paper chart “What is an electronic health record (EHR)? | HealthIT.gov,”(2018), 
while Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (US) describes it as a 
longitudinal (birth to death) electronic record of patient health information generated by 
one or more encounters in any care delivery setting (“Electronic Health Records | 
HIMSS,” 2004).  
An Electronic Health Record is a more comprehensive report of the patient's overall 
health, while an Electronic Medical Record is a narrower view of a client/patient's 
medical history. Electronic medical record (EMR) systems, defined by Waithera, Muhia, 
& Songole, (2018) as "an electronic record of health-related information on an individual 
that can be created, gathered, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff 
within one health care facility,"  
As health and healthcare service delivery is developing through the use of EHR, 
one of the silent challenges that is going unnoticed is its constant one-sided view by 
healthcare professionals leaving the patient with less information and less control over 
their data. Over the years, we have witnessed the extraordinary push for the development 
and implementation of electronic health records (EHRs), same cannot be said for 
personal health record (PHR) systems. Personal health record (PHR) systems have 
received lesser attention when compared with other EMRs. EHR systems are more 
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oriented to serve the needs of healthcare professionals, PHR systems accepts and stores 
healthcare data entered by patients/clients and provides information for caring for 
patients. 
In 2010, the then Minister of Health Dr. Benjamin Kunbuor, launched the 
National E-Health Strategy, the national e-health strategy was the first stage of a long 
term goal, aimed at raising the levels of performance of the health sector (Kunbuor et al., 
2009).  
The adoption and implementation process for EHR has been inadequate and at this 
moment leaving the development of a personal health record system at bay. There is no 
or inadequate information on any available PHR system in Ghana.  
The need of a system that can aid individuals store their own health records is on 
the ascending. The personal storage of one’s health-related data is termed as Personal 
Health Record (PHR) (Roehrs et al., 2017). 
Personal health record (PHR) is an electronic, lifelong resource of health information 
needed by individuals to make health decisions (Roehrs et al., 2017).  
Individuals own and manage health data gathered from various healthcare providers. The 
PHR is maintained in a secure and private environment, with the individual determining 
rights of access. The PHR does not replace the legal record of any provider (Burka, 
Deline, Holroyde, & Eyre, 1976). 
Health information such as diagnoses, medications, immunizations, family 
medical histories, and provider contact information contained in Personal health 
record (PHR) is the same information contained in EHRs - but designed to be set up, 
accessed, and managed by patients.  
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 Personal Health records system can be classified into two major types. The 
Standalone Personal Health Records and Tethered/Connected Personal Health Records. 
Standalone Personal Health Records: The standalone PHR allows patients to fill in 
their information from their own records, and the information is stored on patients' 
computers/mobile device or the Internet. In rare cases, a standalone PHR may also accept 
data from external sources, including providers and laboratories. The decision to share 
health information solely lies with the patient. Examples of a standalone PHR are My 
Medical, Track My Medical and Medical Records. 
Tethered/Connected Personal Health Records: A link is established between PHR and 
a specific healthcare provider’s electronic health record (EHR) system. Tethered PHR 
allows patients to access their own records through secure portal (HealthIT.gov, 2018).  
Some examples of PHR systems are HealthVault, Healthspek, Medfusion plus and 
GenexEHR 
1.2 Problem Statement  
One-sided view by Health professionals:  As health and healthcare service delivery is 
developing through the use of EHR, one of the silent challenges that is going unnoticed is 
its constant one-sided view by healthcare professionals leaving the patient with less 
information, less ability to control or interact with their data.  
Limited or inadequate access to health information by patient/client:  Limited or 
inadequate access to health information by patient/client is not just a problem but also 
infringes the right to full information on his/her condition and management and the 
possible risks involved except in emergency situations when the patient is unable to make 
a decision and the need for treatment is urgent. 
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As human as we are, accurately recollecting our last visit to a healthcare facility, 
treatments we were given, medications and name of health professional who attended to 
us is inadequately reliable. We cannot accurately recollect health records at the top of our 
head and when a healthcare provider does not have the information, they have to search 
for it which takes away time that they could be spending with patients.  
Occasionally, patient become forgetful and forget when to take their medications and 
even forget review dates. Continuity of care is affected as patients/clients cannot fully 
recollect accurately treatments and medications they are undergoing and no information 
is readily available for them to present to the an alternate health facility they are visiting,  
Personal health record system is not popular in our part of the world and has left patients 
solely relying on healthcare practitioners to have access and control over patient’s health 
data. Creating an over reliance situation in which healthcare providers are superior and 
hold on to patients healthcare records. Patients/clients rely heavily on practitioners 
creating the parent-child sort of relationship, leaving the patient knowing a little or 
nothing about their condition. As result of lack of access to patient’s records by patients 
some healthcare providers do not capture the correct information, details are omitted and 
health information are used without the patients consent.  
According to Kaelber et al, (2008) studies suggested, physicians may exhibit some 
hesitancy in adoption of PHRs than other health professionals. This hesitancy may be due 
to the concerns of extra work created by adoption of PHRs, which is likely that is not 
reimbursed. In bridging the gap and respecting the right of a patient, healthcare providers, 
researchers and health informaticians must apply technology in mitigating patient’s 
access to health record. A technology that will allow patients/clients to manage data on 
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their own medical conditions, prescription and medications, and behaviors pertaining to 
self-care and monitoring of their health. Technology must be applied to improve patients’ 
access and storage of their personal health data. This technology will aid in improving 
communication and the understanding and management of health conditions by patients. 
Introduction of a technology would improve efficiency in health care delivery. Healthcare 
delivery will become a partnership between the provider and the patient/client. 
1.3  Justification 
This study is to design a computer based/mobile application for patients to enable a self-
storage and maintenance of personal health data. Through the development of a 
Standalone Personal Health Records system change and advancement will take place 
within healthcare and healthcare service delivery.  
For patients/clients, there is a better access to a wide collection of credible health 
information and knowledge. Patients/clients can utilize their access to improve and 
manage their health conditions. Patients/clients with protracted illnesses have the ability 
to track their diseases, promoting a quicker response when they encounter a health 
problem or an emergency. Individuals own and manage health data gathered from various 
healthcare providers. 
This application will empower patients and entreat them to show more interest and be 
responsible for their health and health data. Knowledge will be acquired through the 
interaction with the application and communication with the healthcare provider. 
Healthcare service delivery becomes a partnership between the healthcare professional 
and the patient/client.  
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This application will help to reduce duplicated test such as blood type since this 
information will be stored in the PHR. Healthcare service providers and professionals can 
fall on data in PHR in situations where access to EHR is limited. 
1.4 Study Objectives 
PHRs are essential for allowing patients to control their healthcare information and for 
acting as an engagement tool with their health practitioners. Healthcare service has 
started using accessible and affordable self-monitoring technologies to help patients 
become more connected with their health data. 
1.4.1 General Objective 
The main objective is to design and develop a Personal Health Record system which 
would allow individuals to store and maintain their health records.  
1.4.2 Specific Objectives 
a.  To develop a functional flow chart for the designing and development of a 
personal health record system  
b. To develop functional requirements for designing application for personal health 
data monitoring  
c. To develop an architectural system for personal health records  
d. To develop a standalone personal health record system that can be accessed 
through the use of a web browser 
1.5 Research Questions 
a. What are the strength and weakness of the existing system? How do patients store 
personal medical information? 
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b. What are the functional requirements for developing a Personal Health Record 
system? 
c. How does keeping a personal health record save you money? Why are personal 
health records important? 
d. What kind of PHR system will be developed? What are the architectural model 
types of PHR? 
e. What are the input techniques or methods used in PHR?  
1.6 Scope/Delimitation 
The scope of this study is limited to personal health records. The Personal Health Record 
system is intended for creation, gathering, managing, and consulting health records from 
various healthcare providers. It is not for diagnosing a patient, prescribing medication, 
cure or treat medical conditions.  
It will help in the storage of vital signs, logging of visits to health facility, and logging of 
allergies, medications and personal identification information, insurance details, 
laboratory results and medical notes. 
1.7 Study limitation 
Certain factors can lead to limitation in PHR system adoption process. The hesitation by 
individuals to adopting PHR to manage and store their health record. Understanding and 
addressing attitudes and physical adoption barriers among patients and healthcare 
providers represents an important key to achieving widespread implementation and use of 
PHRs 
Privacy and security are major limitation faced by PHRs. Patients' greatest concern about 
nearly every type of electronic healthcare applications, including PHRs, is security and 
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privacy. Ninety-one percent of people report they are “very concerned” about the privacy 
and security of their personal health information (Kaelber, Jha, Johnston, Middleton, & 
Bates, 2008b). 
Another limitation is access to medical records; there is the likelihood of hesitation from 
the healthcare service provider to supply a patient with all needed health record. Due to 
lack of standards interoperability might also become a hindrance. Wrong entry and 
incomplete data capture is likely to be another form of limitation. Limited time for the 
completion of the project. 
In an attempt to overcome this, the application has a user name and password system in 
place to authenticate and authorize a user. This is to prevent unauthorized users from 
having access to private health information. Through user sensitization and education 
entry errors will be minimized and the possible linkage between a providers EHR and a 
PHRs in the near future.  
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CHAPTER TWO 
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 
2.1 Introduction 
This chapter aims at providing a clear explanation and a better understanding of personal 
health record system in terms of its processes, input, strength and weaknesses. To be 
more involved in your healthcare, keep a personal health record, the more involvement 
the better results. An effective approach to stay involved and manage treatment for better 
health outcome is through a PHR. 
2.2 Strength and weakness of the existing health record system 
Universally the ability  to access your personal information of all types online, from 
coursework grades and results, to online banking and financial activities, e-commerce, 
billing, and profiles, just to list a few. One major category of information/data that has 
taking a lot of time in adaption to the digital realm is the personal health record (PHR). 
Keeping a personal health record is not a brand new concept. Many people over the years 
kept and are keeping their own paper based health records organized and stored at their 
homes Detmer et al (2008).  These paper-based record kept by individual patients are 
only centered on part of health information that are available to them, many health 
information such as doctor’s charts, medical-notes and lab-test results are not always 
given out to patients/clients. Paper-based documents such as medical/clinical notes, 
laboratory reports and health histories accumulated from various care providers are often 
compiled by patients/clients. These documents are mostly kept in files, shoe boxes, 
envelopes, or loose-leaf binders (Detmer et al., 2008a). 
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As weakness, without the knowledge and input of a healthcare professional, paper-based 
records are susceptible to misinterpretation, damage and misplacement or storage issues. 
Paper-based records are not shareable and accessible to both physicians and consumers. 
On the other hand paper-based record does not need electrical power for access, low cost 
involved and the speed of data entry is an added advantage.  
Another existed form is the basic electronic personal health record. This began as a result 
of individuals accumulating and capturing their personal health information into 
computers using applications such as spreadsheet applications and word processing 
documents. At one point CD ROMs, smart cards, USB flash drives and other mass 
storage devices were used for storing and managing personal health information. The 
earliest form of web-based PHR was an online emergency medical record system making 
information such as diagnoses, medications, and allergy entered manually by patients 
available to emergency care professionals. (Gearon, 2007). One major weakness with this 
system is accuracy of data captured by patients.  
In existence are the standalone, tethered and integrated PHR models Detmer, 
Bloomrosen, Raymond, & Tang,(2008), Amongst the three models the most advanced is 
the integrated. This model makes a compilation of a patient’s medical records, insurance 
information, prescriptions and pharmacy information. The tethered personal health record 
is a limited version of the integrated model. This model has its record provided by the 
healthcare provider, and information provided may be limited and not include entire 
record from previous providers. The standalone PHR model depends entirely on or 
almost entirely on patient’s data input. With this model patients can enter incorrect data. 
This model has limited efficacy and data may not be as reliable as medical records kept 
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by healthcare professionals and healthcare facilities. The integrated PHR model is a two-
way communication tool. It aids communication between healthcare professionals and 
patients/clients (Zuniga, 2015). 
2.3 Requirement Analysis 
This portion of the research work looks at the analysis of requirements for the 
development of a PHR system. To achieve the goals and objectives of developing a 
successful PHR, these requirements formulated must be met and they act as an evaluation 
model for PHR systems evaluation (Genitsaridi, Kondylakis, Koumakis, Marias, & 
Tsiknakis, 2015). 
2.3.1 User Requirements 
User requirements or user needs is defined as what a user will do with the system, such as 
the activities users can perform. A documented user requirements is referred to as User 
Requirements Document (URD). User Requirements Document (URD) using narrative 
text. User requirements are generally signed off by the user and used as the primary input 
for creating system requirements. An important and difficult step of designing a software 
product is determining what the user actually wants it to do. Some requirements users 
would appreciate as part of the PHR are their ability to access up-to-date information, 
usability and accessibility needs, ability to share information, ability to record and 
manage progress, Provide clear directions to guide users through the system and 
efficiency and reliability. Ability to enter daily vital statistics, ability to import health 
data from provider into PHR. Some users also wished for a system that can be accessed 
without the need for installation. An easy to use system, a system that requires minimal 
assistance in usage.  
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2.3.2 Functional Requirement 
According to Margaret Rouse “functional requirements are the desired operations of 
a program, or system as defined in software development and systems engineering” 
(“What is functional requirements? - Definition from WhatIs.com,” n.d.).  
For a secured and completely functional PHR system to be recognized, the application’s 
standards must be of high quality. For functional specifications and standardization, three 
different major entities provided the needed models. The first organization is 
International Organization for Standardization ISO/IEC 25000 series. Personal Health 
Record System Functional Model is the second model that was proposed by Health Level 
Seven (HL7) organization, the last model is the Specification of Meaningful Use criteria 
established by the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT. Based on the 
study of Personal Health Record System Functional Model and a systematic analysis of 
its functionality and other PHR implementations by Genitsaridi et al, (2013), a simplified 
functional evaluation model was formulated. The composition of the functionality 
evaluation model consist of a five coarse-grained functional groupings and description of 
services in higher quality of  small details (Genitsaridi et al., 2013), ( Genitsaridi et al., 
2015). Quality properties of a system/software are classified into eight characteristics: 
usable, compatible, functionally suitable, performance efficiency, maintainable, reliable, 
and portable, security, product quality model (ISO/IEC 25040) (ISO, 2017).  Some 
recommended functionality features to be considered in designing a personal health 
record system are capturing of  personal details of healthcare professionals such name, 
phone, email, and addresses, capturing of a patient conditions or an incident, educational 
resources and capturing of diagnosis. 
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Figure 1: PHR systems evaluation model. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source: (Genitsaridi et al., 2013) 
 
Figure 2: PHR system functional model overview 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Source:  Genitsaridi et al., 2015 
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2.3.3 Non-functional Requirement 
Non-functional requirements defines system attributes such as reliability, usability, 
performance, maintainability, security and scalability. They serve as restrictions on the 
design of the system. This section identifies the qualities that can be used to judge the 
operation of the system (Cremers, 2004). Non-functional requirements such as the 
graphical user interface must be consistent and usable. User must be able to use system 
with ease and minimal training. The use of dashboards and icons makes a GUI very easy 
to adopt to. System must be reliable; patient’s access to system, data entry and retrieval 
must be available all the time and accessible from any location at any time. Mandatory 
and optional fields are used to enforce data quality. The system performance must always 
be smooth and fast with no interruptions. It is important that the system performs 
consistently and above reproach. Security needs will be addressed through password 
protection and locking of system when left idle. Error reporting should be sent to the 
technical team by system for fixing (“My Health Record - Non-Functional and SDLC 
REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT - ITC412: System Analysis PG - StuDocu,” n.d.). 
2.3.4 Open source software requirements and Web-based system requirements. 
According to Genitsaridi et al., (2013) the usage of PHR systems are simplified by the 
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). This concept of open license sets users free, 
from registered software which has cost and distribution limitations. The aim of the open 
source concept is to provide the means and ability of modifying a PHR software 
according to personal requirements. Due to the worldwide community involvement, open 
source solutions provide better quality and technical support.  
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PHR system has a web based nature which is an important requirement. It is flexible in 
usage and interoperable. A patient can access his/her PHR data, at any time and location 
through the web based solution, by the use of an internet connectivity and a web browser. 
The process of downloading and running an installation is eliminated by the web based 
nature of a PHR system. A web based PHR system is easy to integrate with mobile 
devices, making it possible to access PHR  through smart phone or a tablet pc Genitsaridi 
et al., (2013). 
2.4 Money saving and Importance 
The usage of PHRs by patients/clients saves cost through the reduction of health care 
cost. PHRs prevents possible repetition of tests, decreasing costs. Research has shown 
that 10% of laboratory tests requested by healthcare professionals are redundant. Through 
aiding patients with chronic conditions, PHRs lowers cost involved in chronic disease 
management. Some other potential cost reducing areas include medication and wellness 
programs (Etzioni, n.d.). 
Reduce Administrative Costs: Through prescription refill and appointment scheduling, 
healthcare facility can cut down administrative cost by using PHR. With PHRs, 
healthcare professionals can spend lesser time searching for patient information. 
Monitoring the PHR regularly keeps health data organized and ready to be used, it 
ensures that everything is organized and ready to be put to good use. PHRs encourage 
patients to become more involved with their own care. 
2.5 System Architecture 
In system's development process, architectural and technical decisions are very important 
requirements. In order to guarantee a system that is interoperable, maintainable and 
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expendable, the system's architectural design should be planned and implemented on an 
ultra-modern frameworks. 
In developing a personal health record systems, three architectural models are used; the 
standalone, tethered and interconnected models.  
It is the responsibility of patients/clients to keep Standalone PHR systems updated, SPHR 
does not interact with other electronic health record systems automatically or directly.  A 
Tethered PHR system is a sub system of an EHR, controlled by healthcare provider. 
Tethered systems allows records to be transferred with ease, within the system's 
infrastructure. Interconnected PHR systems are sophisticated and can communicate with 
other electronic medical record systems. They can collect data from multiple sources due 
to their interconnectivity and interoperability with other systems, and as well as serving 
as a data source from which other health systems can access needed resources. 
Figure 3: System Architecture 
 
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Figure 4: PHR and EHR relationships. IoT: Internet of Things. 
Source: (Roehrs et al., 2017) 
2.6 Information Input Technique 
Data collaboration is one of the data input techniques that is used to capture data into a 
PHR. Ellen Children defines data collaboration as analysis of multiple independent 
datasets to gain a combined insight. It produces the same output as stitching the datasets 
together, without the data privacy, trust and implementation barriers (“What is data 
collaboration? – InfoSum – Medium,” n.d.). Collaboration between multiple health care 
professionals to organize data for populating a PHR. Health care providers are the owners 
of such data. 
Patient report is another method of inputting information. Patients capture information 
through typing, voice notes, and pictures.  Another information input technique stated 
from a research conducted by Roehrs et al., (2017) is Adaptive platforms.  Adoptive 
platforms aggregate sources, provisioning individualized personal eHealth devices. To 
input data into PHR, patients collaborate with healthcare providers to attain a successful 
data entry. 
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Today, on the international scene and somewhat on national health policy level, PHR is 
commanding attention. Engaging patients/clients in health promotion and disease 
management is critical to quality health improvement and health care cost management 
strategy. PHRs is positioned to strengthen and empower patients to take greater control 
and be more active in self-care. 
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CHAPTER THREE 
METHODOLOGY 
2.7 Introduction 
This chapter looks at the various stages system development goes through. Waterfall 
model is a methodology considered as the traditional model for explaining software 
development processes in software engineering. Waterfall model is one of the most 
popular software development life cycle models (SDLC). 
A software development life cycle model is a structured methodology used in the 
development of a software. A number of ordered activities are performed to arrive at the 
end product. Each stage is linked to the next stage and the preceding stage becomes an 
input to the subsequent stage of SDLC. The stages in SDLC are requirement gathering 
and analysis, system design, implementation, testing, deployment of system and 
maintenance.  
2.8 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 
System development life cycle is defined as a software development and management 
model that breaks down the various phases involved in beginning a project and 
completing a project (Systems & Life, n.d.). In the design and development of the 
personal health record system the waterfall model of SDLC process was followed. The 
waterfall model ensures that a phase is completed before beginning the next phase and 
there is no overlapping of phases. For each phase, a deliverable is created and passed 
down as a required piece for inputting into the next phase of SDLC. Requirements are 
gathered and analyzed then used to design a system, then implemented (coding), after 
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coding or implementation testing is the next stage then leads to deployment and 
maintaining of the system.  
Figure 5: SDLC Waterfall model  
Source: (Acodez, 2018) 
Figure 6: Typical System Development Life Cycle 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
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2.8.1 Requirement gathering and analysis 
The first most important part of an SDLC is requirement gathering and analysis. This first 
stage is usually performed by an experienced and skilled individual in software 
development lifecycle and software engineering. At client-end when requirement 
gathering is completed, the project’s scope is determined and a requirement specification 
document is generated.  
In gathering requirements for the development of the PHR, the mode of data collection 
used was interview. Five individuals from the master of health informatics and fifteen 
other individuals, comprising of students from master in public health and people who are 
tech-savvy were interviewed. The interview was carried out in an informal format; where 
it seemed like just a chat about personal health record. The five persons from MHI 
demonstrated some knowledge in PHR, what they expect the application to do and what 
they wish to see in a PHR. The remaining fifteen demonstrated lesser knowledge of PHR. 
All 20 people were asked 15 questions based on PHR, each individual was taken through 
this questions in Appendix H. 
Some user requirements were gathered through brainstorming and analyzing some online 
PHR systems. Systems such as MTBC PHR by MTBC (an iOS platform based, IPhone), 
GenexPHR (android and iOS platform based) and Healthspek (web based) 
2.8.2 System Design 
The requirements gotten from the previous stage are studied in this stage and applied to 
the preparation of system design. The system design is used in identifying and specifying 
hardware and system requirements and helps in defining the overall system architecture. 
This stage helps to identify the sequence of work flow of the application. A flowchart is 
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the first stage in the designing process. A PHR flowchart was designed in order to 
identify the various processes that are involved. To ensure the security of the application, 
the first stage is registering as a new user or logging into the system when an existing 
user. If loop is utilized here to ensure when a user is an existing user then the system 
allows user to log in. 
Figure 7: Flowchart for personal health record system 
 
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2.8.2.1 ENTITY TABLES, ATTRIBUTES AND DATA TYPES 
Table 1: PERSONAL /USER DETAIL 
 
ENTITY – PERSONAL DETAILS 
 
ATTRIBUTE DATA TYPE 
 
Name of Patient/User (First name, second name, middle name) Varchar (50) 
 
Email Varchar (70) 
 
Address Varchar (100) 
 
Phone Varchar (20) 
 
Date of birth Varchar(20) 
 
Sickle Varchar(5) 
 
Blood type Varchar(5) 
 
Allergies Text 
 
Phote Varchar(50) 
 
Enc_password Varchar(50) 
 
Salt Varchar 
 
Last_login Varchar(20) 
 
Status Varchar(30) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Table 2: VISITATION 
 ENTITY – Visitation 
 ATTRIBUTE DATA TYPE 
 ID  Integer 
 User_eamil Varchar(50) 
 Hospital Varchar(50) 
 Visit Date Varchar(15) 
 Doctor Varchar(50) 
 Speciality Varchar(50) 
 
Comments Text 
 
Table 3: Vital Stats 
 
ENTITY – Vitals 
 
ATTRIBUTE DATA TYPE 
 
User ID Integer 
 
User_email Varchar(20) 
 
Temperature Double 
 
Weight Double 
 
Blood pressure Double 
 
Heart Rate Double 
 
Bmi Double 
 
Height Double 
 
 
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Table 4: PRESCRIPTION 
 
ENTITY – Prescription 
 
ATTRIBUTE DATA TYPE 
 
ID  Integer(11) 
 
User_email Varchar(50) 
 
Name Varchar(100) 
 
Dosage Text 
 
Expiry_date Varchar(20) 
 
Status (Done/taking/pending) Varchar(20) 
 
 
Table 5: APPOINTMENTS 
 
ENTITY – APPOINTMENTS 
 
ATTRIBUTE DATA TYPE 
 
User email  Varchar(50) 
 
ID Varchar 
 
Hospital String 
 
Type (follow up/consultation) Varchar 
 
DrName String 
 
Specialty string 
 
Date and time Date 
 
Status (upcoming/cancelled/past) String 
 
 
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Table 6: INSURANCE 
 
ENTITY – INSURANCE 
 
ATTRIBUTE DATA TYPE 
 
Id  Integer (11) 
 
User_email Varchar(50) 
 
Type Varchar(50) 
 
Number Varchar(20) 
 
Expiry Varchar(20) 
 
Table 7: IN CASE OF EMERGENCY CONTACT PERSON 
ENTITY – I.C.E (in case of emergency)   
ID Int(11)  
User email Varchar(50)  
Name Varchar(50)  
Phone Number Varchar(20)  
 
Relation Varchar(50) 
 
Address Varchar(100) 
 
Email Varchar(50) 
 
2.8.2.2 Functional Requirements specification 
This point is dedicated to describing the various elements the system user will encounter. 
The personal health record system is designed to support individuals who desire to store 
and manage their health information. This application can be downloaded and run in a 
web browser found on any device. System requires a XAMMP control panel to mount the 
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database and the program files to run smoothly. The system will allow user to update 
their health information and capture new information. At the start of the application, a 
user will see the register or log-in screen.  
A new user is required to create an account by clicking on register and filling out a form 
and selecting a user name and password. A previous user fills in the details (username 
and password) and clicks on log in. This process verifies and authenticate the user. The 
system will only permit access when the user credentials are correct 
The dashboard is the next screen a user who has successfully logged in will see. The 
dashboard organizes the various tabs a user will come across. Tabs such as Upcoming 
appointments, Visitation Log, Vitals, Prescription and medication, Personal details, 
settings and log out button can be located on the dashboard. The application allows users 
to enter details about their visitation to a health facility under the visitation log. Vital stats 
such as blood pressure, weight and temperature are logged under vitals. A log out button 
has been provided to allow users to log out after entering their health information. 
2.8.2.3 Non-functional Requirement Specification 
The quality of a project depends on non-functional requirements. This represents quality 
measures the system abides by. Some of the quality attributes a system must have are 
reliability, performance, privacy and security (Daimi, Li, Lu, & El-nazeer, n.d.). A well-
crafted interface to make the experience of a user a pleasant one. A well combined color 
usage and font type and size was used in the development process to enable a good 
reading and interaction with the system. 
Some of other non-functional requirements that was considered during the development 
of the PHR was speed of executing commands, security and privacy of user’s health 
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information, user friendliness of the system, performance and less error and a 
maintainable system. The performance and speed of the phone was considered to ensure 
that the PHR system does not have an adverse effect on it. 
2.8.2.4 System Architecture 
In designing the systems architecture, various entities relevant to the PHR development 
was identified and their attributes were listed. The various tables were normalized to and 
MySQL workbench was used to design the architecture, relationships were identified and 
both primary keys and foreign keys were assigned. The PHR is a standalone web based 
PHR which is installed onto a device with its data locally stored on the device. 
2.8.2.5 System Requirement 
 Platform – (Operating System): Windows/IOS  
 Application Access point– Web browser 
 Display: 480 x 800 pixel, Multi-touch 
2.8.2.6 Developing Environment 
 Builder: Brackets  
 Local server: Xampp 
 Language: PHP and HTML 
 Internal Memory: 2 GB 
2.8.3 Implementation and coding 
At this stage of the cycle, system design is converted into source code. All identified 
modules of the system are programmed at this stage. At this coding point, PHP and 
HTML are the programing language that was used. The Implementation stage is where 
we installed the PHR in a windows environment using google chrome web browser to 
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launch the application. System was deployed to check the workings of it. In bid to find 
possible errors and debug before moving to testing. This stage allowed for checking for 
syntax error and logic error. 
2.8.4 Testing 
The testing stage is where the system is tested to see whether it meets the user’s 
requirements. To ensure that the system works, a new user was allowed to create an 
account, logged in and enter health information. The user went through thoroughly to fill 
in every data possible. There were no errors recorded.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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CHAPTER FOUR 
3 RESULTS 
3.1 Introduction 
This chapter is dedicated to the results from the interviews conducted, observation of a 
current PHR in Ghana, discussion of the manual format of personal health record storage 
and the need for a personal health record system. Requirements such as user 
requirements, functional and non-functional requirements are derived from the interview. 
3.2 Results from Observation 
In “A Review of Ghana’s E-health Strategy” by Afagbedzi, Obuobi, Aryeetey, & 
Bosomprah, (2013), its stated that in the space of ten years, five documents were 
developed on e-health policies and strategies. These documents are ICT for Accelerated 
Development (ICT4AD) Policy document, proposals for Ghana eHealth Strategy, Health 
Sector’s ICT Policy and Strategy, eHealth plan: 2007 – 2011 and Ghana E-health strategy 
2010.  
It’s been observed that after the launch of these documents, the developmental rate of 
eHealth in Ghana has been quite slow. Various factors had and have contributed to the 
slow pace of development of eHealth. A few number of hospitals around the country 
adopted and are using customized EHR systems. The inadequate knowledge of eHealth 
and slow nature of adoption and deployment of EHRs has contributed to the absence of a 
PHR in Ghana.  
It is observed that people do not have any form of electronic storage system for their 
personal health records. Patients and individuals rely heavily on the medical practitioners 
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and health facility for their health record. Some people have some knowledge about 
PHRs but do not use any form, others do not have any knowledge or have never heard of 
PHR. Individuals who are interested in keeping some form of health record keep 
laboratory reports, and some medical reports in files and folders at home.  
Health facilities are the major custodians of people’s health record, and health 
practitioners become gods over this records and are unwilling to grant access to this 
records.  
It is observed that due to more attention being given to the development of EHR across 
the country no one is paying attention to the development of a PHR. Patients find 
difficulty in remembering the last time there were in a hospital for treatment, what 
treatment they underwent, the medication the were given and even at times forget review 
dates. This process of remembering health details causes some sort of delays in 
healthcare delivery. It is difficult for patients to remember the names of the doctors that 
attended to them when they were in the hospital. 
Individuals, patients and clients of health facilities would like to have a system that 
would allow them to store some health information on their own. They would love to 
have some details on the go and can refer to them anytime. 
Currently there is no or inadequate information on any working PHRs in the Ghana. No 
locally designed and developed PHRs can be identified due to nonexistence or lack of 
information or advertisement about the PHR. Keeping a personal health record is not a 
new concept. Many individuals kept and are keeping their own health records organized 
and stored in a paper based format at home Detmer et al (2008). Paper-based records 
aren’t easily shared and it’s not accessible to both physicians and consumers. 
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Treating a patient becomes a chore when there are no readily available information on the 
patient. Health practitioners struggle to get information in order to provide the best care 
for their client. The search for health record consumes all the time needed to save the life 
of the patient. 
3.3 Results from Interviews 
In an effort to gain insight into what people know about PHRs and gather user 
requirements, people from diverse background were selected. As part of the selection 
process, some were selected from post graduate students studying Health Informatics, 
another group was selected from post graduate students studying Public Health. The 
remaining were people who are medical doctors and individuals who are tech-savvy. In 
total 20 people were selected and interviewed. The age bracket for these people fall 
between 26 to 60 years. In gathering user requirements for the development of the PHR, 
the mode of data collection used was interview. The interviews were carried out in an 
informal format; informal interviews are interviews that are carried out in a casual 
setting.  
This method was applied to possibly get the best response and ideas from the 
interviewee. It is a very flexible and comfortable way of interviewing.  
The first group of people interviewed individually were post graduate students studying 
Health Informatics, this group was made of three males and two females. When quizzed 
about how each of them stored health/medical data, their responses showed they do not 
actually have a storage for their health records, some couple of x-rays and prescription 
forms are what some of them kept at home. They usually rely on the hospitals to keep 
their health record either manually or digitally.  
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The remaining fifteen consisting of six post graduate students studying Public Health, 
three medical practitioners, six tech savvy individuals. Among these group the medical 
practitioners and the post graduate students studying public health know about EHRs but 
have limited information on PHRs. Individually they confirmed minimal record keeping 
on their health. They all don’t have any proper form of personal health recording keeping 
system. Some can boost of some few copies of hospital cards, weighing cards, x-rays, 
prescription and laboratory results but cannot readily show pin point where they are 
keeping it.  
The remaining six are tech savvy individuals with diverse backgrounds ranging from 
retired persons to cake making. Most people in this group prior to their interview had no 
knowledge of PHR. They rely on health facilities to keep their health records.  
Among the twenty people interviewed, none can confidently say they a purposefully 
keeping a personal health record be it manual or digital.  
During the interview, it was observed that individuals in health informatics program have 
heard of PHR and know what a PHR is. The medical practitioners and some of the public 
health students have heard of PHR but they only know very little about it. The remaining 
exhibited inadequate or lack knowledge in PHR.  
The culture where patient-doctor relationship is a parent-child relationship and the 
excessive power in the hands of the medical practitioner is one factor that holds patients 
back from seeking for their medical information. CapMed, one of the oldest PHR vendors 
undertook a study in 2002, it studied the primary use of PHRs by end-users. From the 
study it was gathered that 26.4% would like to access family medical record, 21.4% track 
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their visits to the doctor, 18.7% would like to track laboratory results and 13.5% would 
like to track their health status (Cronin, 2006). 
It was gathered from the interviewees that a system that can offer protection for their 
health information is what they look to seeing in the PHR. All the people that were 
interviewed wished to see a system that allows a user to have access to the system 
through the use of username and password. Without the username and password one must 
not have access to the system. Username and password must be encrypted.  
All participants wish to see the system allowing for the logging of visitation to a health 
facility, ability to capture the details of medical professionals that attends to them. The 
ability to use the PHR to capture reason for the visit, ailment, and treatment received.  
Some of the interviewee requirements they wished to see in the PHR were the ability to 
capture allergies, vital statistic (capturing of weight daily, blood pressure daily 
recording), capture personal details, blood group, height, medications they are currently 
on and previous medications. Laboratory results, review dates and medical notes and 
reminders were also some of the requirements that was stated. Some people wished to see 
the system being able to capture and manage previous medical data and current medical 
health status data.  
The medical doctors in the interviewee wanted requirements such as easy access to 
patient data, interoperability with hospital EHRs. PHR should allow for the entering of 
details on admission and discharge to and from the health facility. To specify whether it 
was an emergency or a visit to the OPD/ambulatory service. Some wished to see the 
system allowing for the entering of emergency contact persons details. System should be 
able to capture insurance details and allow for the uploading of a profile picture. System 
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should log user out when the system is left idle for some seconds. System must function 
on any platform and must allow for the registration of new users. The user interface must 
be clear to make reading an ease for the user. The font size and font color must blend 
well with the background color to make inscriptions legible. User’s information must be 
protected and secured at all times, privacy and confidentiality must always be respected. 
The tech savvy individuals wanted the PHR not to have effect on the performance of the 
device that the application would run on. At the end of usage, user must be able to log out 
of the system.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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CHAPTER FIVE 
4 DISCUSSION 
4.1 Introduction 
This chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the interviews conducted, observation from 
the current PHR situation in Ghana, discussion of the manual format of keeping personal 
health record and the need for a personal health record system.  
4.2 Targeted Population 
The targeted population is the average individual who has the need to store a personal 
health record. Any individual who is tech savvy and has the need and wish to have, store 
and manage their personal health record and for usage during consultation and emergency 
situations would find PHR as a helpful health record keeping system. 
4.3 Review of current Manual System 
From observation and interviews it is determined that the current manual system is not 
used by majority of patients/clients or individuals. This current system is a manual 
system where by a patient tries to keep some copies of reports received from the hospital 
at home in a box, file, booklets or paper folders. Some of the possible reports that are 
stored via the manual system are x-rays, prescriptions and at times laboratory results.  
4.4 Need for Personal Health Record System 
An effective way to increase patient involvement is through the introduction of a personal 
health record (PHR).  The introduction of PHRs would cause the need for patients/clients 
to monitor their health, availability of information when needed and ensures accuracy of 
data. To encourage and increase partnership between doctors and their patient rather than 
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the current child-parent sort of relationship.  PHRs is needed to improve communication 
between medical practitioners and their clients.  
4.5 Functional Requirements 
 The Personal Health Record System would be used to record individuals’ health 
information.  
o Description: PHRs would allow for the entering of medical and personal 
details. The PHR will allow users to have access, store and manage their 
health record, prescription and visit to health facilities. 
o Criticality: This is the most important aspect of the system and one of the 
major ones a user will adopt PHR. 
o Risks: Device might require lots of memory for storage and information 
may not be saved when device runs out of memory space. 
o Technical Issues:  
 The PHR will allow user to identify and edit information in their medical record 
that is out of date or incorrect. 
o Description: The system shall allow user to audit personal records that are 
incorrect and out of date 
o Criticality: This is important to the system as it ensures accurate data in 
the system.  
o Risk: Changes cannot be made to medical records that do not need 
updating. 
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 The PHR will allow user to capture vital statistics; on daily basis or according to 
their preference  
4.6 Non-Functional Requirement 
 The system shall have a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) 
 The security of the system is paramount 
 The information shall be stored locally on the device (computer/ mobile phone) 
 Adoptive to any system were application is assessed 
 The application shall not affect the performance of the device on which it is 
accessed. 
4.7 Product Function 
Personal Health Record system will store data based on the inputs a user feeds into 
the system. It will allow users to store information on their prescriptions, vital stats, 
and health facilities.  
4.8 User Problem Statement 
There are no or not many personal health record systems in Ghana. Individuals rely 
on files to store some of their health information, majority rely heavily on the 
health facility to manage their health information. Unavailability of personal health 
record system has led many people leaving their health issues in the hands of a 
health practitioner.  
 
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4.9 System Architecture 
Figure 8: Entity relationship diagram 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.10 System Design and User Interface  
The Application is accessed through a web browser, a localhost system that stores its data 
in a database that resides on the device being used.  The first screen a user will come into 
contact with is the Login screen. The user login screen also doubles as the registration 
screen for first time users. A user requires an email and a password to logion into the 
system. This screen also makes available a register button, this button allows a user to 
create an account. The login button sends a user to the dashboard. 
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Figure 9: Login Screen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
(See Appendix for detailed code for Login Screen) 
<?php 
    require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
    // Validating login info entered 
    if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
        $email = filterString($_POST['email']); 
        $pass = filterString($_POST['pass']); 
       $errorMsg = loggingIn($email, $pass); 
    } 
?> 
Registration Screen 
 On the click of the registration button, a user is directed to the registration form. 
This form allows a user to create an account. The user is required to fill out a form that is 
available. User must enter first name, last name email address and password then proceed 
to click on register to submit form for registration on the system. When the register 
button is clicked after form has been filled, a user is able to view the dashboard 
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Figure 10: Registration screen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(See Appendix for detailed code for Registration Screen) 
 
<?php 
    require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
    if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
        $fname = filterString($_POST['fname']); 
        $lname = filterString($_POST['lname']); 
        $email = filterString($_POST['email']); 
        $pass = filterString($_POST['password']); 
 
Dashboard 
Dashboard is the next screen a user is able to have access to when he she has been 
able to login successfully. On the left pane of the dashboard one will be able to see menu 
headers such as Dashboard, Medical Visit, Prescription, Vitals and Medical profile. 
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After logging in successfully, a user will; see a dashboard with less information waiting 
to be populated. Initial dashboard view looks like what we have in figure below. 
Figure 11: Initial dashboard 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 12: Dashboard after populating detail 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(See Appendix for detailed code for Dashboard) 
<?php 
    require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
    if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
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        # make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
        $allPersonalInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getPersonalDetails($_SESSION['email'])); 
        $emergencyInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getEmergencyInfo($_SESSION['email'])); 
        $currentDrugs = mysqli_fetch_assoc(mysqli_query($GLOBALS['con'], "SELECT * 
FROM `prescriptions` WHERE `user_email` = '".$_SESSION['email']."' AND status = 
'Taking' ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1")); 
        $recentVisit = mysqli_fetch_assoc(mysqli_query($GLOBALS['con'], "SELECT * 
FROM `visits` WHERE `user_email` = '".$_SESSION['email']."' ORDER BY `id` DESC 
LIMIT 1")); 
    } else { 
        echo "<script>location.href='login.php'</script>"; 
    } 
?> 
 
Medical Visit  
 The medical visit page allows a user to add records about their visit to a health 
facility, the date of visitation and who attended to them. The main medical visit screen 
displays information that has been entered into the system and also displays an “add new 
record” button. This button allows for the addition of new record.  
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Figure 13: Medical Visit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
When add new record button is clicked a new form in figure 13 is displayed. This form 
allows you to fill in the details required. At the end of entering data the add button is 
clicked to add data/save to the systems database.  
Figure 14: Add medical visit information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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(See Appendix for detailed code for Add Medical Information) 
<?php 
    require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
    if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
        $allVisits = getAllVisits($_SESSION['email']); 
        if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
            $visitType = filterString($_POST['visitType']); 
            $hospital = filterString($_POST['hospital']); 
            $visitDate = filterString($_POST['visitDate']); 
            $doc = filterString($_POST['doc']); 
            $speciality = filterString($_POST['speciality']); 
            $comments = filterString($_POST['comments']); 
            $addVisits = addVisit($_SESSION['email'], $visitType, $hospital, $visitDate, 
$doc, $speciality, $comments); 
        } 
Prescription Screen 
 This screen serves as the point where medications are logged. The prescription 
screen is made up of add a new prescription, and the various data that was captured under 
the titles prescribed drug name, dosage and status. When add new prescription button is 
clicked a new form for the entering of data on prescribed drugs are entered.  
Figure 15: Prescription screen 
 
 
 
 
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Figure 16: Prescription Information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(See Appendix for detailed code for Prescription) 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
        # make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
    $allDrugs = getAllDrugs($_SESSION['email']); 
    if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
        $drugName = filterString($_POST['drugName']); 
        $drugDosage = filterString($_POST['drugDosage']); 
        $drugStatus = filterString($_POST['drugStatus']); 
                  $drugExpiry = filterString($_POST['drugExpiry']); 
                        $addVisits = addDrugs($_SESSION['email'], $drugName, 
$drugDosage,$drugExpiry, $drugStatus); 
    } 
 
Vitals 
 This screen is used for the recording and the display of vital stats. It displays 
records on user’s temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and weight. When the add new 
vital record button is pressed a new form appears to allow a user to enter new details 
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Figure 17: Vitals 
 
Figure 18: Vitals 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(See Appendix for detailed code for Vitals) 
<?php 
    require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
    if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
            # make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
        $allVitals = getAllVitals($_SESSION['email']); 
        if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
            $temp = filterString($_POST['temp']); 
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            $weight = filterString($_POST['weight']); 
            $height = filterString($_POST['height']); 
            $bp = filterString($_POST['bp']); 
            $bmi = filterString($_POST['bmi']); 
            $heartRate = filterString($_POST['heartRate']); 
            $vitalDate = filterString($_POST['vitalDate']); 
            $addVitals = addVitals($_SESSION['email'], $temp, $weight, $height, $bp, 
$bmi,$heartRate, $vitalDate); 
} 
Medical Profile 
 The medical profile screen allows a user to update personal details, enter and edit 
allergies, enter and edit insurance details, upload a profile picture and change password. 
Figure 19: Medical Profile screen 
 
When the edit button beneath allergies is clicked figure 14 b is produced. 
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Figure 20: Personal details form 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
When the edit under insurance is clicked, a user will see image in figure 14 c. 
Figure 21: Insurance details 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For emergency contact person form, user must click on the edit button beneath the 
emergency contact pane.  
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Figure 22: Emergency contact  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Log out 
 When the circle at the right top corner is clicked a menu is produced with Medical 
profile and log out listed. When you click on medical profile it takes you to the medical 
profile page, when the log out is clicked a user is signed out of the system. 
Figure 23: Log out 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
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CHAPTER SIX 
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 
5.1 Introduction 
This chapter is the concluding part of the research and development of a PHRs. It briefly 
looks at discussion, conclusion notes and recommendations. 
5.2 Conclusion 
As Ghana grinds slowly to full adoption and implementation of EHR, it is just to develop 
an application that would allow people (sick and healthy) to store and manage their health 
information. The importance of PHR to health development in Ghana cannot be 
overemphasized. A significant issue for people is their inability to possess any solid form 
of personal health record that they can refer to. The purpose of this research is to develop 
a personal health record system that would enable individuals take control over their 
health through the storing and managing of health information. The introduction of PHR 
will enhance the communication skills between health professionals and their 
patients/clients. It is also clear that the introduction of PHR system, continuity of care 
would be on the ascending.  
Right to full information or disclosure about ones health condition and responsibility lies 
with the patient/client, PHR when deployed well, will contribute to knowledge 
acquisition and acquiring skills in of the use of a PHR. When a PHR is designed properly, 
implemented and adopted by many, it has potential of reducing costs. Based on findings 
individuals would like to have a PHR system where they can have control over their 
health information and not leaving every aspect in the hands of the medical professionals. 
Information stored in PHR will compliment information in hospitals EHR systems. 
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Accurate decision making by healthcare providers and healthcare consumers must be a 
based on available accurate health information. A personal health record includes 
information on individual’s medical conditions and diseases, medication, laboratory test 
results, immunization and health history, and allergies. Through the capturing of various 
treatment information, PHR becomes a record of treatments received and their 
effectiveness.  
5.3 Recommendation 
i. Ministry of Health and Ghana Health service must be educate society and 
encouraged them to develop interest in their health matters. 
ii. Health facilities must create awareness for personal health record keeping 
iii. People must be encouraged to keep personal health record, it’s very easy to forget 
dates, medications and treatments and medical procedure 
iv. Health professionals and health facilities must encourage to download PHR 
application or access them online to help them store and manage their health 
information. 
v. Ghana Health Service and Ministry of Health must encourage Health facilities to 
take up the development of a PHR system that matches with their EHR systems to 
make it easy for their clients to have access to their record and store a personal 
copy. 
 
 
 
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REFERENCES 
Acodez. (2018). 12 Best Software Development Methodologies with Pros &amp; Cons. 
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Afagbedzi, S., Obuobi, H., Aryeetey, R., & Bosomprah, S. (2013). A Review of Ghana’s 
eHealth Strategy. Helina, (Helina), 2. https://doi.org/10.12856/JHIA-2013-v1-i1-52 
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anaphylaxis (histamine, 5-HT, and SRS-A) released from horse lung and leukocytes 
in vitro. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 
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Cremers, A. B. (2004). Organisational Requirements Engineering. 
Cronin, C. (2006). Personal Health Records: An Overview of What is Available to the 
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4(April), 3–21. Retrieved from 
https://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/health/2006_11_phr.pdf 
Daimi, K., Li, L., Lu, X., & El-nazeer, N. (n.d.). Requirements Engineering for Home 
Health Care Software Systems. Retrieved June 25, 2019, from 
https://www.academia.edu/1309834/Requirements_Engineering_for_Home_Health_
Care_Software_Systems 
Detmer, D., Bloomrosen, M., Raymond, B., & Tang, P. (2008a). Integrated personal 
health records: Transformative tools for consumer-centric care. BMC Medical 
Informatics and Decision Making, 8, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-8-45 
Detmer, D., Bloomrosen, M., Raymond, B., & Tang, P. (2008b, December 6). Integrated 
personal health records: Transformative tools for consumer-centric care. BMC 
Medical Informatics and Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-8-45 
Electronic Health Records | HIMSS. (2004). Retrieved April 25, 2019, from 
https://www.himss.org/library/ehr 
Etzioni, A. (n.d.). Personal Health Records: Why Good Ideas Sometimes Languish | 
Issues in Science and Technology. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from 
https://issues.org/etzioni/ 
Gearon, C. J. (2007). Perspectives on the future of personal health records. IHealth 
Reports, 2004(June), 1–29. Retrieved from www.chcf.org. 
Genitsaridi, I., Kondylakis, H., Koumakis, L., Marias, K., & Tsiknakis, M. (2013). 
Towards intelligent personal health record systems: Review, Criteria and extensions. 
Procedia Computer Science, 21, 327–334. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.043 
Genitsaridi, I., Kondylakis, H., Koumakis, L., Marias, K., & Tsiknakis, M. (2015). 
Evaluation of personal health record systems through the lenses of EC research 
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projects. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 59, 175–185. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.11.004 
Ghana health service. (2017). The Patients Charter | Ghana Health Service. Retrieved 
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subcategory.php?cid=2&scid=46 
HealthIT.gov. (2018). Are there different types of personal health records (PHRs)? 
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personal-health-records-phrs 
ISO. (2017). ISO 25040. Retrieved June 13, 2019, from 
https://iso25000.com/index.php/en/iso-25000-standards/iso-25040 
Kaelber, D. C., Jha, A. K., Johnston, D., Middleton, B., & Bates, D. W. (2008a). A 
Research Agenda for Personal Health Records (PHRs). Journal of the American 
Medical Informatics Association, 15(6), 729–736. 
https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2547 
Kaelber, D. C., Jha, A. K., Johnston, D., Middleton, B., & Bates, D. W. (2008b). A 
Research Agenda for Personal Health Records (PHRs). Journal of the American 
Medical Informatics Association, 15(6), 729–736. 
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Kunbuor, B., Anemana, S., Nyonator, F., Adams, I., Muniru, M., Yahaya, A., & Longhi, 
E. (2009). National E-Health, 1–80. 
My Health Record - Non-Functional and SDLC REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT - 
ITC412: System Analysis PG - StuDocu. (n.d.). Retrieved June 11, 2019, from 
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pg/mandatory-assignments/my-health-record-non-functional-and-sdlc-requirements-
document/1619922/view 
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Healthcare Delivery in Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital. Medical & Clinical 
Reviews, 03(04), 21. https://doi.org/10.21767/2471-299x.1000062 
Watson, P. J. (2006). EHR Manual for Developing Countries. 
What is an electronic health record (EHR)? | HealthIT.gov. (2018). Retrieved April 25, 
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https://medium.com/infosum/what-is-data-collaboration-6519e604a365 
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What is functional requirements? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved June 
10, 2019, from https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/functional-requirements 
WHO Western Pacific Region. (2006). Medical Records Manual : A Guide for 
Developing Countries. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Western 
Pacific Region, 1–126. Retrieved from 
http://www.wpro.who.int/publications/docs/MedicalRecordsManual.pdf 
Zuniga, A. V. (2015). Patient Access to Electronic Health Records: Strengths, 
weaknesses and what’s needed to move forward. SLIS Student Research Journal, 
5(1), 1–9. Retrieved from 
http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/slissrjhttp://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/slissrj/vol5/iss1/1/ 
 
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APPENDICES 
Appendix A: Programming codes for Login Screen 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
// Validating login info entered 
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
$email = filterString($_POST['email']); 
$pass = filterString($_POST['pass']); 
$errorMsg = loggingIn($email, $pass); 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
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<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
</head> 
<body> 
<?php 
// display error message if email is already in system 
if(isset($errorMsg)){ 
echo '<script> 
$(document).ready(function() 
{ 
$("#err").html("'.$errorMsg.'"); 
$("#err").show(); 
}); 
</script>'; 
} 
?> 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner login-page"> 
<div id="main-wrapper" class="container-fluid"> 
<div class="row"> 
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 login-box"> 
<h4 class="login-title">Sign in to PHR</h4> 
<div id="err" class="alert fade in alert-danger" style="display: none;">                                    
<i class="icon-remove close" data-dismiss="alert"></i> 
</div> 
<form action="#" method="post"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label> 
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label> 
<input type="password" name="pass" class="form-control" 
id="exampleInputPassword1"> 
</div> 
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<input type='submit' name="submit" class="btn btn-primary"   value="Login"> 
<a href="register.php" class="btn btn-default">Register</a><br> 
<a href="index.php" class="forgot-link">Forgot password?</a> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
</body> 
</html> 
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Appendix B: Detailed programming code for registration interface 
 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
$fname = filterString($_POST['fname']); 
$lname = filterString($_POST['lname']); 
$email = filterString($_POST['email']); 
$pass = filterString($_POST['password']); 
// check if the email is already in the database 
$no4email = mysqli_num_rows(mysqli_query($GLOBALS['con'], "SELECT email from 
`personal` WHERE email = '$email'")); 
if ($no4email == 0) { 
# There is no email in the database with that name. 
// Call the function to register 
registerPerson($fname, $lname, $email, $pass); 
} else { 
# there is already an email in that database 
// display a message that email already exsits in the system 
$errorMsg = "This email is already in use!<br><a href='login.php'>Login Here</a>"; 
} 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
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<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
 
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
</head> 
<body> 
<?php 
// display error message if email is already in system 
if(isset($errorMsg)){ 
echo '<script> 
$(document).ready(function() 
{ 
$("#err").html("'.$errorMsg.'"); 
$("#err").show(); 
}); 
</script>'; 
} 
?> 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner login-page"> 
<div id="main-wrapper" class="container-fluid"> 
<div class="row"> 
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 login-box"> 
<h4 class="login-title">Create a PHR account</h4> 
<div id="err" class="alert fade in alert-danger" style="display: none;"> 
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<i class="icon-remove close" data-dismiss="alert"></i> 
</div> 
<form action="#" method="post"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="exampleInputFirstName">First name</label> 
<input type="text" name="fname" class="form-control" id="exampleInputFirstName"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="exampleInputLastName">Last name</label> 
<input type="text" name="lname" class="form-control" id="exampleInputLastName"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="exampleInputEmail">Email address</label> 
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="exampleInputPassword">Password</label> 
<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" 
id="exampleInputPassword"> 
</div> 
<input type='submit' name="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Register"> 
<a href="login.php" class="btn btn-default">Login</a><br> 
<a href="index.php" class="forgot-link">Forgot password?</a> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
</body> 
</html> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Appendix C: Programming codes for the main dashboard 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
# make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
$allPersonalInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getPersonalDetails($_SESSION['email'])); 
$emergencyInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getEmergencyInfo($_SESSION['email'])); 
$currentDrugs = mysqli_fetch_assoc(mysqli_query($GLOBALS['con'], "SELECT * 
FROM `prescriptions` WHERE `user_email` = '".$_SESSION['email']."' AND status = 
'Taking' ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1")); 
$recentVisit = mysqli_fetch_assoc(mysqli_query($GLOBALS['con'], "SELECT * FROM 
`visits` WHERE `user_email` = '".$_SESSION['email']."' ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 
1")); 
} else { 
echo "<script>location.href='login.php'</script>"; 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
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<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
</head> 
<body> 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Sidebar --> 
<div class="page-sidebar"> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"> 
<span>Personal Health Record</span> 
<!--   <i class="icon-radio_button_unchecked" id="fixed-sidebar-toggle-button"></i>--> 
<i class="icon-close" id="sidebar-toggle-button-close"></i> 
</a> 
<div class="page-sidebar-inner"> 
<!-- Main Menu --> 
<div class="page-sidebar-menu"> 
<ul class="accordion-menu"> 
<li class="active-page"> 
<a href="index.php"> 
<i class="menu-icon icon-home4"></i><span>Dashboard</span> 
</a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="medical-visit.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
local_hospital"></i><span>Medical Visit</span></a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="prescription.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
healing"></i><span>Prescription</span></a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="vitals.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-plus"></i><span>Vitals</span></a> 
</li> 
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<li class="menu-divider"></li> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-profile"></i><span>Medical 
Profile</span></a></li> 
</ul> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Sidebar --> 
<!-- Page Content --> 
<div class="page-content"> 
<!-- Page Header --> 
<div class="page-header"> 
<div class="search-form"> 
<form action="#" method="GET"> 
<div class="input-group"> 
<input type="text" name="search" class="form-control search-input" placeholder="Type 
something..."> 
<span class="input-group-btn"> 
<button class="btn btn-default" id="close-search" type="button"><i class="icon-
close"></i></button> 
</span> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> 
<div class="container-fluid"> 
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> 
<div class="navbar-header"> 
<div class="logo-sm"> 
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id="sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"><span>P H R</span></a> 
</div> 
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-
target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> 
<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> 
</button> 
</div> 
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> 
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav"> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="collapsed-sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-
bars"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="toggle-fullscreen"><i class="fa fa-
expand"></i></a></li> 
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<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="search-button"><i class="fa fa-
search"></i></a></li> 
</ul> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> 
<li class="dropdown user-dropdown"> 
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-
haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><img src="http://via.placeholder.com/36x36" 
alt="" class="img-circle"></a> 
<ul class="dropdown-menu"> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php">Medical Profile</a></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Calendar</a></li> 
<li><a href="#"><span class="badge pull-right badge-
danger">42</span>Messages</a></li>--> 
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Account Settings</a></li>--> 
<li><a href="logout.php">Log Out</a></li> 
</ul> 
</li> 
</ul> 
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> 
</div><!-- /.container-fluid --> 
</nav> 
</div><!-- /Page Header --> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner"> 
<div class="page-title"> 
<h3 class="breadcrumb-header">Dashboard | Welcome to your Personal Health Record 
System</h3> 
</div> 
<div id="main-wrapper"> 
<div class="row"> 
<div class="col-md-3"> 
<!-- medical profile --> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="panel-heading clearfix"> 
<h4 class="text-center">Your Profile</h4> 
</div> 
<div class="panel-body user-profile-panel"> 
<figure> 
<img src="<?=($allPersonalInfo['photo']== "" ? 'http://via.placeholder.com/150x150' : 
$allPersonalInfo['photo']); ?>"  height="150" width="150" alt="img01"/> 
</figure> 
 
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<h4 class="text-center m-t-lg"><?=$allPersonalInfo['first_name']." 
".$allPersonalInfo['last_name']?></h4> 
<p class="text-center">Blood Type: 
<b> <?= ($allPersonalInfo['blood_type'] == "" ? "Please Update your info" : 
$allPersonalInfo['blood_type']); ?> 
</b> 
</p> 
<button><a href="med-profile.php">see more</a></button> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="col-md-3"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="text-center"> 
<h4>Emergency Contact</h4> 
<hr> 
<ul class="list-unstyled text-center"> 
<li><p><b><?= ($emergencyInfo['Name'] == "" ? "Please Update emergency contact 
info" : $emergencyInfo['Name']); ?></b></p></li> 
<li><p><?= ($emergencyInfo['relation'] == "" ? "Please Update emergency contact info" 
: $emergencyInfo['relation']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-map-marker m-r-xs"></i><?= ($emergencyInfo['address'] == "" ? 
"Please Update emergency contact info" : $emergencyInfo['address']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($emergencyInfo['email'] == "" ? "Please Update emergency contact info" : 
$emergencyInfo['email']); ?></a></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-phone m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= ($emergencyInfo['phone'] 
== "" ? "Please Update emergency contact info" : $emergencyInfo['phone']); 
?></a></p></li> </ul> 
<hr> 
<button><a href="med-profile.php">see more</a></button> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="col-md-3"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="text-center"> 
<h4>Prescription</h4> 
<hr> 
<ul class="list-unstyled text-center"> 
<li><p><b><?= ($currentDrugs['name'] == "" ? "Please Update Prescription info" : 
$currentDrugs['name']); ?></b></p></li> 
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<li><p><?= ($currentDrugs['dosage'] == "" ? "Please Update Prescription info" : 
$currentDrugs['dosage']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-map-marker m-r-xs"></i><?= ($currentDrugs['expiry_date'] == 
"" ? "Please Update Prescription info" : $currentDrugs['expiry_date']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($currentDrugs['status'] == "" ? "Please Update Prescription info" : 
$currentDrugs['status']); ?></a></p></li> 
</ul> 
<hr> 
<button><a href="prescription.php">see more</a></button> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="col-md-3"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="text-center"> 
<h4>Medical Visit</h4> <hr> 
<ul class="list-unstyled text-center"> 
<li><p><b><?= ($recentVisit['type'] == "" ? "Please Add a recent visit" : 
$recentVisit['type']); ?></b></p></li> 
<li><p><?= ($recentVisit['hospital'] == "" ? "Please Add a recent visit" : 
$recentVisit['hospital']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-map-marker m-r-xs"></i><?= ($recentVisit['visit_date'] == "" ? 
"Please Add a recent visit" : $recentVisit['visit_date']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($recentVisit['doctor'] == "" ? "Please Add a recent visit" : $recentVisit['doctor']); 
?></a></p></li> 
</ul><hr> 
<button><a href="medical-visit.php">see more</a></button> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- Row --> 
</div><!-- Main Wrapper --> 
<!-- Footer --> 
<div class="page-footer"> 
<p>Made with <i class="fa fa-heart"></i> by TechAce</p> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Inner --> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
</body> 
</html> 
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Appendix D: Programming codes for Medical Profile interface 
 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
# make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
 
$allPersonalInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getPersonalDetails($_SESSION['email'])); 
$insuranceInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getInsuranceInfo($_SESSION['email'])); 
$emergencyInfo = mysqli_fetch_assoc(getEmergencyInfo($_SESSION['email'])); 
 
if (isset($_POST['perUpdate'])) { 
$fname = filterString($_POST['fname']); 
$lname = filterString($_POST['lname']); 
$address = filterString($_POST['address']); 
$phone = filterString($_POST['phone']); 
$dob = filterString($_POST['dob']); 
$sickle = filterString($_POST['sickle']); 
$bloodType = filterString($_POST['bloodType']); 
$allergies = filterString($_POST['allergies']); 
// $photo = $_FILE['photo']; 
 
$updatePersonalInfo = updatePersonalInfo($_SESSION['email'], $fname, $lname , 
$address, $phone, $dob, $sickle, $bloodType, $allergies); 
} elseif (isset($_POST['passUpdate'])) { 
// Change password 
$pass = filterString($_POST['pass']); 
$vpass = filterString($_POST['vpass']); 
 
if ($pass == $vpass) { 
updatePassword($_SESSION['email'], $pass); 
}else { 
$errorMsg = "Passwords do not match!"; 
} 
} elseif (isset($_POST['updateInsurance'])) { 
// submitting insurance information 
$insuranceType = filterString($_POST['insuranceType']); 
$cardNumber = filterString($_POST['cardNumber']); 
$expiry = filterString($_POST['expiry']); 
// $photo= filterString(); 
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setInsuranceInfo($_SESSION['email'], $insuranceType, $cardNumber, $expiry); 
 
} elseif (isset($_POST['emergencyUpdate'])) { 
# submitting changes to in cae of emergency 
$emergencyName = filterString($_POST['emergencyName']); 
$relation = filterString($_POST['relation']); 
$emergencyAddress = filterString($_POST['emergencyAddress']); 
$emergencyEmail = filterString($_POST['emergencyEmail']); 
$emergencyPhone = filterString($_POST['emergencyPhone']); 
 
setEmergencyInfo($_SESSION['email'], $emergencyName, $relation, 
$emergencyAddress, $emergencyEmail, $emergencyPhone); 
} elseif (isset($_POST['profilePhotoUpload'])) { 
$photoType = "Profile"; 
$photo = $_FILES['profilephoto']; 
photoUploads($_SESSION['email'], $photo, $photoType); 
} elseif(isset($_POST['insurancePhotoUpload'])){ 
$photoType = "Insurance"; 
$photo = $_FILES['insurancephoto']; 
photoUploads($_SESSION['email'], $photo, $photoType); 
} 
} else { 
echo "<script>location.href='login.php'</script>"; 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
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<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
 
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
</head> 
<body> 
<?php 
// display error message if email is already in system 
if(isset($errorMsg)){ 
echo '<script> 
$(document).ready(function() 
{ 
$("#err").html("'.$errorMsg.'"); 
$("#err").show(); 
}); 
 
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</script>'; 
} 
?> 
 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Sidebar --> 
<div class="page-sidebar"> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"> 
<span>Personal Health Record</span> 
<!--   <i class="icon-radio_button_unchecked" id="fixed-sidebar-toggle-button"></i>--> 
<i class="icon-close" id="sidebar-toggle-button-close"></i> 
</a> 
<div class="page-sidebar-inner"> 
<!-- Main Menu --> 
<div class="page-sidebar-menu"> 
<ul class="accordion-menu"> 
<li> 
<a href="index.php"> 
<i class="menu-icon icon-home4"></i><span>Dashboard</span> 
</a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="medical-visit.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
local_hospital"></i><span>Medical Visit</span></a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="prescription.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
healing"></i><span>Prescription</span></a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="vitals.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-plus"></i><span>Vitals</span></a> 
</li> 
<li class="menu-divider"></li> 
<li class="active-page"><a href="med-profile.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
profile"></i><span>Medical Profile</span></a></li> 
 
 
</ul> 
</div> 
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</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Sidebar --> 
 
<!-- Page Content --> 
<div class="page-content"> 
<!-- Page Header --> 
<div class="page-header"> 
<div class="search-form"> 
<form action="#" method="GET"> 
<div class="input-group"> 
<input type="text" name="search" class="form-control search-input" placeholder="Type 
something..."> 
<span class="input-group-btn"> 
<button class="btn btn-default" id="close-search" type="button"><i class="icon-
close"></i></button> 
</span> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> 
<div class="container-fluid"> 
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> 
<div class="navbar-header"> 
<div class="logo-sm"> 
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id="sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"><span>P H R</span></a> 
</div> 
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-
target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> 
<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> 
</button> 
</div> 
 
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> 
 
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav"> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="collapsed-sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-
bars"></i></a></li> 
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<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="toggle-fullscreen"><i class="fa fa-
expand"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="search-button"><i class="fa fa-
search"></i></a></li> 
</ul> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> 
 
<li class="dropdown user-dropdown"> 
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-
haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><img src="http://via.placeholder.com/36x36" 
alt="" class="img-circle"></a> 
<ul class="dropdown-menu"> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php">Medical Profile</a></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Calendar</a></li> 
<li><a href="#"><span class="badge pull-right badge-
danger">42</span>Messages</a></li>--> 
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Account Settings</a></li>--> 
<li><a href="logout.php">Log Out</a></li> 
</ul> 
</li> 
</ul> 
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> 
</div><!-- /.container-fluid --> 
</nav> 
</div><!-- /Page Header --> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner"> 
<div class="page-title"> 
<h3 class="breadcrumb-header">Medical Profile | Welcome to your Personal Health 
Record System</h3> 
</div> 
<div id="err" class="alert fade in alert-danger" style="display: none;"> 
<i class="icon-remove close" data-dismiss="alert"></i> 
</div> 
<div id="main-wrapper"> 
<div class="row"> 
<!-- First Panel on the left --> 
<div class="col-md-3"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
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<div class="panel-heading clearfix"> 
<h4 class="text-center">Your Profile</h4> 
</div> 
<div class="panel-body user-profile-panel"> 
 
<figure> 
<img src="<?=($allPersonalInfo['photo']== "" ? 'http://via.placeholder.com/150x150' : 
$allPersonalInfo['photo']); ?>"  height="150" width="150" alt="img01"/> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info btn-block" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#photoModal">Change Photo</button> 
</figure> 
 
<!-- photo Modal --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="photoModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-
labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span 
aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> 
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Personal Details</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label class="text-left">Upload your Profile Photo</label> 
<input type="file" name="profilephoto" class="form-control" id="userPhoto" required> 
</div> 
</div> 
 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button type="submit" name="profilePhotoUpload" class="btn btn-info" 
>Update</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
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<!-- End of photo Modal --> 
 
<h4 class="text-center m-t-lg" id="fullName"><?=$allPersonalInfo['first_name']." 
".$allPersonalInfo['last_name']?></h4> 
<p class="text-center">Blood Type: 
<b id="bloodTypeTxt"><?= ($allPersonalInfo['blood_type'] == "" ? "Please Update your 
info" : $allPersonalInfo['blood_type']); ?></b> 
</p> 
<p class="text-center">Sickle Status:<b id="sickleState"><?= ($allPersonalInfo['sickle'] 
== "" ? "Please Update your info" : $allPersonalInfo['sickle']); ?></b> </p> 
<hr> 
<ul class="list-unstyled text-center"> 
<li><p id="addressTxt"><i class="fa fa-map-marker m-r-xs"></i><?= 
($allPersonalInfo['address'] == "" ? "Please Update your info" : 
$allPersonalInfo['address']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o m-r-xs"></i><a 
href="#"><?=$_SESSION['email']?></a></p></li> 
<li><p id="phoneTxt"><i class="fa fa-phone m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($allPersonalInfo['phone'] == "" ? "Please Update your info" : $allPersonalInfo['phone']); 
?></a></p></li> 
<li><p id="dobTxt"><i class="fa fa-user m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($allPersonalInfo['dob'] == "" ? "Please Update your info" : $allPersonalInfo['dob']); 
?></a></p></li> 
</ul> 
<hr> 
<h4>Allergies</h4> 
<p class="text-center" id="allergies"><?= ($allPersonalInfo['allergies'] == "" ? "Please 
Update your info" : $allPersonalInfo['allergies']); ?></p> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info btn-block" id="editPersonalInfo" data-
toggle="modal" data-target="#mainModal">Edit</button> 
 
<!-- Personal Details Modal --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="mainModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-
labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span 
aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> 
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Personal Details</h4> 
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</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="fname" class="form-control" id="FName" placeholder="First 
Name" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="lname" id="LName" class="form-control" placeholder="Last 
Name" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="address" id="address" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Address" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="phone" id="phoneNumber" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Phone Number" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Date of Birth</label> 
<input type="date" name="dob" id="dob" class="form-control" placeholder="Date of 
Birth" required> 
</div> 
<hr> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label class="">Select your Sickle Status</label><br> 
<div class="col-sm-10"> 
<select name="sickle" style="margin-bottom:15px;" class="form-control" 
id="sickleStatus" required> 
<option value="AA">AA</option> 
<option value="AS">AS</option> 
<option value="SC">SC</option> 
<option value="SS">SS</option> 
<option value="SB">SB</option> 
<option value="SD">SD</option> 
<option value="SO">SO</option> 
</select> 
</div> 
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</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label class="">Select your Blood Type</label> 
<div class="col-sm-10"> 
<select name="bloodType" style="margin-bottom:15px;" class="form-control" 
id="bloodType" required> 
<option value="A+">A +</option> 
<option value="A">A -</option> 
<option value="B+">B +</option> 
<option value="B">B -</option> 
<option value="AB+">AB +</option> 
<option value="AB">AB -</option> 
<option value="O+">O +</option> 
<option value="O-">O -</option> 
</select> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<textarea name="allergies" id="allergy" class="form-control" placeholder="Allergies" 
rows="3" required></textarea> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button type="submit" name="perUpdate" class="btn btn-info" >Update</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- End of First Modal --> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- First Panel on left closing --> 
<!-- Second Panel in the middle --> 
<div class="col-md-6"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="panel-heading clearfix"> 
<h4 class="text-center">Change your Password</h4> 
</div> 
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<div class="panel-body"> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="password">New Password</label> 
<input type="password" name="pass" class="form-control" id="paasowrd" 
placeholder="Enter New Password"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label for="password">Retype Password</label> 
<input type="password" name="vpass" class="form-control" id="password" 
placeholder="Retype Password"> 
</div> 
<button type="submit" name="passUpdate" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- Second Panel in the middle --> 
 
<!-- Third Panel on the right --> 
<div class="col-md-3"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="text-center"> 
<h4>Emergency Contact</h4> 
<hr> 
<ul class="list-unstyled text-center"> 
<li><p><b id="eNameTxt"><?= ($emergencyInfo['Name'] == "" ? "Please Update 
emergency contact info" : $emergencyInfo['Name']); ?></b></p></li> 
<li><p id="relationTxt"><?= ($emergencyInfo['relation'] == "" ? "Please Update 
emergency contact info" : $emergencyInfo['relation']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p id="eAddressTxt"><i class="fa fa-map-marker m-r-xs"></i><?= 
($emergencyInfo['address'] == "" ? "Please Update emergency contact info" : 
$emergencyInfo['address']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p id="ecEmailTxt"><i class="fa fa-paper-plane-o m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($emergencyInfo['email'] == "" ? "Please Update emergency contact info" : 
$emergencyInfo['email']); ?></a></p></li> 
<li><p id="ecPhoneTxt"><i class="fa fa-phone m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($emergencyInfo['phone'] == "" ? "Please Update emergency contact info" : 
$emergencyInfo['phone']); ?></a></p></li> 
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</ul> 
<hr> 
<button class="btn btn-info btn-block" type="button" id="editEmergencyInfo" data-
toggle="modal" data-target="#emergencyModal">Edit</button> 
<!-- Second Modal --> 
 
<div class="modal fade" id="emergencyModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-
labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span 
aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> 
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Emergency Contact</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input name="emergencyName" type="text" class="form-control" id="EName" 
placeholder="Full Name of Emergency Contact"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input name="relation" type="text" id="relation" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Relation"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input name="emergencyAddress" type="text" id="eAddress" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Emergency Contact Person's Address"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input name="emergencyEmail" type="email" id="eC-email" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Email Address of Emergency Contact"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input name="emergencyPhone" type="text" id="eC-Phone" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Phone Number of Emergency Contact"> 
</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
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<button name="emergencyUpdate" type="submit" class="btn btn-info" 
>Update</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- End of Second Modal --> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="text-center"> 
<h4>Insurance</h4> 
<hr> 
<ul class="list-unstyled text-center"> 
<li><p id="insusreTypeTxt"><b><?= ($insuranceInfo['type'] == "" ? "Please Update 
Insurance Info" : $insuranceInfo['type']); ?></b></p></li> 
<li><p id="insureNumberTxt"><?= ($insuranceInfo['number'] == "" ? "Please Update 
Insurance Info" : $insuranceInfo['number']); ?></p></li> 
<li><p><i class="fa fa-photo m-r-xs"></i><?= ($insuranceInfo['photo'] == "" ? "Please 
Update Insurance Info" : $insuranceInfo['photo']); ?></p></li> 
<!-- insurance photo Modal --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="insurancePhotoModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-
labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span 
aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> 
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Insurance Card Photo</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label class="text-left">Upload your Profile Photo</label> 
<input type="file" name="insurancephoto" class="form-control" id="insuPhoto" 
required> 
</div> 
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</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button type="submit" name="insurancePhotoUpload" class="btn btn-info" 
>Update</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- End   of insurance photo Modal --> 
<li><p id="insureExpiryTxt"><i class="fa fa-calendar m-r-xs"></i><a href="#"><?= 
($insuranceInfo['expiry'] == "" ? "Please Update Insurance Info" : 
$insuranceInfo['expiry']); ?></a></p></li> 
</ul> 
<hr> 
<button class="btn btn-info btn-block" type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#insuranceModal">Edit</button> 
<!-- Third Modal --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="insuranceModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-
labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span 
aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> 
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Insurance Details</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Select your Insurance Type </label> 
<div class="col-sm-10"> 
<select name="insuranceType" id="insuranceType" style="margin-bottom:15px;" 
class="form-control" required> 
<option value="National Health Insurance">National Health Insurance</option> 
<option value="Mutual Health">Mutual Health</option> 
<option value="Other">Other</option> 
</select> 
</div> 
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</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input name="cardNumber" type="text" id="insuranceNumber" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Insurance Card Number" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Expiry Date of your Insurance</label> 
<input name="expiry" type="date" id="insuranceExipry" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Expiry Date of your Insurance" required> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button name="updateInsurance" type="submit" class="btn btn-info" >Update</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- End of Third Modal --> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
<!-- Third Panel on the Right --> 
</div><!-- Row --> 
</div><!-- Main Wrapper --> 
<!-- Footer --> 
<div class="page-footer"> 
<p>Made with <i class="fa fa-heart"></i></p> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Inner --> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
<!-- js for filling modal with data --> 
<script type="text/javascript"> 
$(document).ready(function() { 
// function to run when the edit button for personal data is clicked 
$("#editPersonalInfo").click(function(){ 
// variables to save data from the personal details 
var FullName =  $('#fullName').text(); 
var addressTxt = $('#addressTxt').text(); 
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var phoneTxt = $('#phoneTxt').text(); 
var dobTxt = $('#dobTxt').text(); 
var sickleState = $('#sickleState').text(); 
var bloodTypeTxt = $('#bloodTypeTxt').text(); 
var allergies = $('#allergies').text(); 
 
// split the full name string to index 0 as first name  and index 1 as Last name 
var FullName = FullName.split(" "); 
 
// display all the modal info in the input boxes 
$("#FName").val(FullName[0]); 
$("#LName").val(FullName[1]); 
$("#address").val(addressTxt); 
$("#phoneNumber").val(phoneTxt); 
$("#dob").val(dobTxt); 
$("#sickleStatus").val(sickleState).prop('selected', true); 
$("#bloodType").val(bloodTypeTxt).prop('selected', true);; 
$("#allergy").val(allergies); 
}); 
$("#editEmergencyInfo").click(function(){ 
// variables to save data from the personal details 
var eNameTxt =  $('#eNameTxt').text(); 
var relationTxt = $('#relationTxt').text(); 
var eAddressTxt = $('#eAddressTxt').text(); 
var ecEmailTxt = $('#ecEmailTxt').text(); 
var ecPhoneTxt = $('#ecPhoneTxt').text(); 
 
// display all the modal info in the input boxes 
$("#EName").val(eNameTxt); 
$("#relation").val(relationTxt); 
$("#eAddress").val(eAddressTxt); 
$("#eC-email").val(ecEmailTxt); 
$("#eC-Phone").val(ecPhoneTxt); 
}); 
$("#editEmergencyInfo").click(function(){ 
// variables to save data from the personal details 
var insusreTypeTxt =  $('#insusreTypeTxt').text(); 
var insureNumberTxt =  $('#insureNumberTxt').text(); 
var insureExpiryTxt =  $('#insureExpiryTxt').text(); 
// display all the modal info in the input boxes 
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$("#insuranceType").val(insusreTypeTxt).prop('selected', true); 
$("#insuranceNumber").val(insureNumberTxt); 
$("#insuranceExipry").val(insureExpiryTxt); 
}); 
}); 
</script> 
<!-- end js for filling modal with data --> 
</body> 
</html> 
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Appendix E: Programming codes for Medical Visit 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
# make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
$allVisits = getAllVisits($_SESSION['email']); 
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
$visitType = filterString($_POST['visitType']); 
$hospital = filterString($_POST['hospital']); 
$visitDate = filterString($_POST['visitDate']); 
$doc = filterString($_POST['doc']); 
$speciality = filterString($_POST['speciality']); 
$comments = filterString($_POST['comments']); 
$addVisits = addVisit($_SESSION['email'], $visitType, $hospital, $visitDate, $doc, 
$speciality, $comments); 
} 
} else { 
echo "<script>location.href='login.php'</script>"; 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
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<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
</head> 
<body> 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Sidebar --> 
<div class="page-sidebar"> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"> 
<span>Personal Health Record</span> 
<!--   <i class="icon-radio_button_unchecked" id="fixed-sidebar-toggle-button"></i>--> 
<i class="icon-close" id="sidebar-toggle-button-close"></i> 
</a> 
<div class="page-sidebar-inner"> 
<!-- Main Menu --> 
<div class="page-sidebar-menu"> 
<ul class="accordion-menu"> 
<li> 
<a href="index.php"> 
<i class="menu-icon icon-home4"></i><span>Dashboard</span> 
</a> 
</li> 
<li class="active-page"> 
<a href="medical-visit.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
local_hospital"></i><span>Medical Visit</span></a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="prescription.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
healing"></i><span>Prescription</span></a> 
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</li> 
<li> 
<a href="vitals.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-plus"></i><span>Vitals</span></a> 
</li> 
<li class="menu-divider"></li> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-profile"></i><span>Medical 
Profile</span></a></li> 
</ul> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Sidebar --> 
<!-- Page Content --> 
<div class="page-content"> 
<!-- Page Header --> 
<div class="page-header"> 
<div class="search-form"> 
<form action="#" method="GET"> 
<div class="input-group"> 
<input type="text" name="search" class="form-control search-input" placeholder="Type 
something..."> 
<span class="input-group-btn"> 
<button class="btn btn-default" id="close-search" type="button"><i class="icon-
close"></i></button> 
</span> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> 
<div class="container-fluid"> 
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> 
<div class="navbar-header"> 
<div class="logo-sm"> 
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id="sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"><span>P H R</span></a> 
</div> 
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-
target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> 
<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> 
</button> 
</div> 
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> 
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav"> 
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<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="collapsed-sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-
bars"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="toggle-fullscreen"><i class="fa fa-
expand"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="search-button"><i class="fa fa-
search"></i></a></li> 
</ul> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> 
<li class="dropdown user-dropdown"> 
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-
haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><img src="http://via.placeholder.com/36x36" 
alt="" class="img-circle"></a> 
<ul class="dropdown-menu"> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php">Medical Profile</a></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Calendar</a></li> 
<li><a href="#"><span class="badge pull-right badge-
danger">42</span>Messages</a></li>--> 
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Account Settings</a></li>--> 
<li><a href="logout.php">Log Out</a></li> 
</ul> 
</li> 
</ul> 
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> 
</div><!-- /.container-fluid --> 
</nav> 
</div><!-- /Page Header --> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner"> 
<div class="page-title"> 
<h3 class="breadcrumb-header">Medical Visit | Welcome to your Personal Health 
Record System</h3> 
</div> 
<div id="main-wrapper"> 
<div class="row"> 
<div class="col-md-12"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="panel-heading"> 
<h4 class="panel-title">Medical Visit(s) Records</h4> 
</div> 
<div class="panel-body"> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger m-b-sm" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#myModal">Add a new Record</button> 
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</div> 
<div class="table-responsive"> 
<table id="example3" class="display table" style="width: 100%; cellspacing: 0;"> 
<thead> 
<tr> 
<th>Name of Medical Facility</th> 
<th>Date of Visit</th> 
<th>Name of Doctor</th> 
<th>Doctor's Speciality</th> 
<th>Comments and Details</th> 
</tr> 
</thead> 
<tbody> 
<?php 
while ($visitRecords=mysqli_fetch_assoc($allVisits)) { 
# display all the old visits 
echo "<tr> 
<td>".$visitRecords['hospital']."</td> 
<td>".$visitRecords['visit_date']."</td> 
<td>".$visitRecords['doctor']."</td> 
<td>".$visitRecords['speciality']."</td> 
<td>".$visitRecords['comments']."</td> 
</tr>"; 
} 
?> 
</tbody> 
<tfoot> 
<tr> 
<th>Name of Medical Facility</th> 
<th>Date of Visit</th> 
<th>Name of Doctor</th> 
<th>Doctor's Speciality</th> 
<th>Comments and Details</th> 
</tr> 
</tfoot> 
</table> 
</div></div></div></div> 
</div><!-- Row --> 
</div><!-- Main Wrapper --> 
<!-- Footer --> 
<div class="page-footer"> 
<p>Made with <i class="fa fa-heart"></i> by TechAce</p> 
</div> 
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</div><!-- /Page Inner --> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
<!--Modal adding a new record --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="myModal"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-
hidden="true">&times;</button> 
<h4 class="modal-title">ADD MEDICAL VISIT INFORMATION</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="#" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Type of Medical Facility Visit</label> 
<select name="visitType" style="margin-bottom:15px;" class="form-control" id="drug-
status" required> 
<option value="Medical Issue">Medical Issue</option> 
<option value="Follow up">Follow-up</option> 
<option value="General Check-up">General Check-up</option> 
</select> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="hospital" id="facility-name" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Medical Facilty Name" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Date of Visit to the Medical Facility</label> 
<input type="date" name="visitDate" id="facility-date" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Date of Visit" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="doc" id="doctor-name" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Name of Doctor"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="speciality" id="doctor-speciality" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Speciality of Doctor"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
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<textarea name="comments" id="visit-comments" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Comments and Details on the visit" rows="3"> </textarea> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> 
<input type="submit" name="submit" id="add-row" class="btn btn-success" 
value="Add"> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</body> 
</html> 
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Appendix E: Programming codes for Prescription Interface 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
# make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
$allDrugs = getAllDrugs($_SESSION['email']); 
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
$drugName = filterString($_POST['drugName']); 
$drugDosage = filterString($_POST['drugDosage']); 
$drugStatus = filterString($_POST['drugStatus']); 
$drugExpiry = filterString($_POST['drugExpiry']); 
$addVisits = addDrugs($_SESSION['email'], $drugName, $drugDosage,$drugExpiry, 
$drugStatus); 
} 
} else { 
echo "<script>location.href='login.php'</script>"; 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
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<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
</head> 
<body> 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Sidebar --> 
<div class="page-sidebar"> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"> 
<span>Personal Health Record</span> 
<!--   <i class="icon-radio_button_unchecked" id="fixed-sidebar-toggle-button"></i>--> 
<i class="icon-close" id="sidebar-toggle-button-close"></i> 
</a> 
<div class="page-sidebar-inner"> 
<!-- Main Menu --> 
<div class="page-sidebar-menu"> 
<ul class="accordion-menu"> 
<li> 
<a href="index.php"> 
<i class="menu-icon icon-home4"></i><span>Dashboard</span> 
</a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="medical-visit.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
local_hospital"></i><span>Medical Visit</span></a> 
</li> 
<li class="active-page"> 
<a href="prescription.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
healing"></i><span>Prescription</span></a> 
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</li> 
<li> 
<a href="vitals.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-plus"></i><span>Vitals</span></a> 
</li> 
<li class="menu-divider"></li> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-profile"></i><span>Medical 
Profile</span></a></li> 
</ul> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Sidebar --> 
<!-- Page Content --> 
<div class="page-content"> 
<!-- Page Header --> 
<div class="page-header"> 
<div class="search-form"> 
<form action="#" method="GET"> 
<div class="input-group"> 
<input type="text" name="search" class="form-control search-input" placeholder="Type 
something..."> 
<span class="input-group-btn"> 
<button class="btn btn-default" id="close-search" type="button"><i class="icon-
close"></i></button> 
</span> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> 
<div class="container-fluid"> 
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> 
<div class="navbar-header"> 
<div class="logo-sm"> 
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id="sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"><span>P H R</span></a> 
</div> 
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-
target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> 
<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> 
</button> 
</div> 
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> 
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav"> 
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<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="collapsed-sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-
bars"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="toggle-fullscreen"><i class="fa fa-
expand"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="search-button"><i class="fa fa-
search"></i></a></li> 
</ul> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> 
<li class="dropdown user-dropdown"> 
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-
haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><img src="http://via.placeholder.com/36x36" 
alt="" class="img-circle"></a> 
<ul class="dropdown-menu"> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php">Medical Profile</a></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Calendar</a></li> 
<li><a href="#"><span class="badge pull-right badge-
danger">42</span>Messages</a></li>--> 
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Account Settings</a></li>--> 
<li><a href="logout.php">Log Out</a></li> 
</ul></li></ul> 
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> 
</div><!-- /.container-fluid --> 
</nav> 
</div><!-- /Page Header --> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner"> 
<div class="page-title"> 
<h3 class="breadcrumb-header">Prescription(s) | Welcome to your Personal Health 
Record System</h3> 
</div> 
<div id="main-wrapper"> 
<div class="row"> 
<div class="col-md-12"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="panel-heading"> 
<h4 class="panel-title">Prescription Records</h4> 
</div> 
<div class="panel-body"> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger m-b-sm" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#myModal">Add a new Prescription</button> 
<div class="table-responsive"> 
<table id="example3" class="display table" style="width: 100%; cellspacing: 0;"> 
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<thead> 
<tr> 
<th>Prescribed Drug Name</th> 
<th>Dosage</th> 
<th>Status</th> 
<th>Expiry Date </th> 
</tr> 
</thead> 
<tbody> 
<?php 
while ($drugRecords=mysqli_fetch_assoc($allDrugs)) { 
# display all the old visits 
echo "<tr> 
<td>".$drugRecords['name']."</td> 
<td>".$drugRecords['dosage']."</td> 
<td>".$drugRecords['status']."</td> 
<td>".$drugRecords['expiry_date']."</td> 
</tr>"; 
} 
?> 
</tbody> 
<tfoot> 
<tr> 
<th>Prescribed Drug Name</th> 
<th>Dosage</th> 
<th>Status</th> 
<th>Expiry Date </th> 
</tr> 
</tfoot></table></div></div></div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- Row --> 
</div><!-- Main Wrapper --> 
<!-- Footer --> 
<div class="page-footer"> 
<p>Made with <i class="fa fa-heart"></i> by TechAce</p> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Inner --> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
<!--Modal adding a new record --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="myModal"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
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<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-
hidden="true">&times;</button> 
<h4 class="modal-title">ADD PRESCRIPTION INFORMATION</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="text" name="drugName" id="drug-name" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Name of Prescribed drug" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<textarea name="drugDosage" id="drug-dosage" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Dosage"  row="2" required></textarea> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Staus of Prescribed Drug</label> 
<select style="margin-bottom:15px;" name="drugStatus" class="form-control" id="drug-
status" required> 
<option value="Completed">Completed</option> 
<option value="Taking">Taking</option> 
<option value="Pending">Pending</option> 
</select> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<label>Drug Expiry Date</label> 
<input type="date" name="drugExpiry" id="drug-expiry" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Prescribed drug Expiry Date" required> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> 
<button name="submit" type="submit" id="add-row" class="btn btn-
success">Add</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</body> 
</html> 
 
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Appendix F: Programming codes for Vitals interface 
<?php 
require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
if (isset($_SESSION['email'])) { 
# make sure a user is logged in if not redirect to login page 
$allVitals = getAllVitals($_SESSION['email']); 
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { 
$temp = filterString($_POST['temp']); 
$weight = filterString($_POST['weight']); 
$height = filterString($_POST['height']); 
$bp = filterString($_POST['bp']); 
$bmi = filterString($_POST['bmi']); 
$heartRate = filterString($_POST['heartRate']); 
$vitalDate = filterString($_POST['vitalDate']); 
$addVitals = addVitals($_SESSION['email'], $temp, $weight, $height, $bp, 
$bmi,$heartRate, $vitalDate); 
} 
} else { 
echo "<script>location.href='login.php'</script>"; 
} 
?> 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
<head> 
<meta charset="utf-8"> 
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 
<meta name="description" content="Responsive Admin Dashboard Template"> 
<meta name="keywords" content="admin,dashboard"> 
<meta name="author" content="stacks"> 
<!-- The above 6 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must 
come *after* these tags --> 
<!-- Title --> 
<title>Personal Health Record</title> 
<!-- Styles --> 
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" 
rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/uniform/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<link href="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> 
<!-- Theme Styles --> 
<link href="../../assets/css/space.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link href="../../assets/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
 
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<!-- Javascripts --> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery/jquery-3.1.0.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/jquery-slimscroll/jquery.slimscroll.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/uniform/js/jquery.uniform.standalone.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/plugins/switchery/switchery.min.js"></script> 
<script src="../../assets/js/space.min.js"></script> 
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media 
queries --> 
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> 
<!--[if lt IE 9]> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> 
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> 
<![endif]--> 
</head> 
<body> 
<!-- Page Container --> 
<div class="page-container"> 
<!-- Page Sidebar --> 
<div class="page-sidebar"> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"> 
<span>Personal Health Record</span> 
<!--   <i class="icon-radio_button_unchecked" id="fixed-sidebar-toggle-button"></i>--> 
<i class="icon-close" id="sidebar-toggle-button-close"></i> 
</a> 
<div class="page-sidebar-inner"> 
<!-- Main Menu --> 
<div class="page-sidebar-menu"> 
<ul class="accordion-menu"> 
<li> 
<a href="index.php"> 
<i class="menu-icon icon-home4"></i><span>Dashboard</span> 
</a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="medical-visit.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
local_hospital"></i><span>Medical Visit</span></a> 
</li> 
<li> 
<a href="prescription.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-
healing"></i><span>Prescription</span></a> 
</li> 
<li class="active-page"> 
<a href="vitals.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-plus"></i><span>Vitals</span></a> 
</li> 
 
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<li class="menu-divider"></li> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php"><i class="menu-icon icon-profile"></i><span>Medical 
Profile</span></a></li> 
</ul> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Sidebar --> 
<!-- Page Content --> 
<div class="page-content"> 
<!-- Page Header --> 
<div class="page-header"> 
<div class="search-form"> 
<form action="#" method="GET"> 
<div class="input-group"> 
<input type="text" name="search" class="form-control search-input" placeholder="Type 
something..."> 
<span class="input-group-btn"> 
<button class="btn btn-default" id="close-search" type="button"><i class="icon-
close"></i></button> 
</span> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div> 
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"> 
<div class="container-fluid"> 
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> 
<div class="navbar-header"> 
<div class="logo-sm"> 
<a href="javascript:void(0)" id="sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> 
<a class="logo-box" href="index.php"><span>P H R</span></a> 
</div> 
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-
target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> 
<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> 
</button> 
</div> 
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> 
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> 
<ul class="nav navbar-nav"> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="collapsed-sidebar-toggle-button"><i class="fa fa-
bars"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="toggle-fullscreen"><i class="fa fa-
expand"></i></a></li> 
<li><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="search-button"><i class="fa fa-
search"></i></a></li> 
</ul> 
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<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> 
<li class="dropdown user-dropdown"> 
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-
haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><img src="http://via.placeholder.com/36x36" 
alt="" class="img-circle"></a> 
<ul class="dropdown-menu"> 
<li><a href="med-profile.php">Medical Profile</a></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Calendar</a></li> 
<li><a href="#"><span class="badge pull-right badge-
danger">42</span>Messages</a></li>--> 
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li> 
<!--<li><a href="#">Account Settings</a></li>--> 
<li><a href="logout.php">Log Out</a></li> 
</ul> 
</li></ul> 
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> 
</div><!-- /.container-fluid --> 
</nav> 
</div><!-- /Page Header --> 
<!-- Page Inner --> 
<div class="page-inner"> 
<div class="page-title"> 
<h3 class="breadcrumb-header">Vitals | Welcome to your Personal Health Record 
System</h3> 
</div> 
<div id="main-wrapper"> 
<div class="row"> 
<div class="col-md-12"> 
<div class="panel panel-white"> 
<div class="panel-heading"> 
<h4 class="panel-title">Vitals Records</h4> 
</div> 
<div class="panel-body"> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger m-b-sm" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#myModal">Add a new Vitals Record</button> 
<div class="table-responsive"> 
<table id="example3" class="display table" style="width: 100%; cellspacing: 0;"> 
<thead> 
<tr> 
<th>Date</th> 
<th>Temperature</th> 
<th>Weight</th> 
<th>Blood Pressure</th> 
<th>Heart Rate</th> 
<th>Body Mass Index</th> 
<th>Height</th> 
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</tr> 
</thead> 
<tbody> 
<?php 
while ($vitalRecords=mysqli_fetch_assoc($allVitals)) { 
# display all the old visits 
echo "<tr> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['date']."</td> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['temp']."</td> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['weight']."</td> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['blood_pressure']."</td> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['hrtRate']."</td> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['bmi']."</td> 
<td>".$vitalRecords['height']."</td> 
</tr>"; 
} 
?> 
</tbody> 
<tfoot> 
<tr> 
<th>Date</th> 
<th>Temperature</th> 
<th>Weight</th> 
<th>Blood Pressure</th> 
<th>Heart Rate</th> 
<th>Body Mass Index</th> 
<th>Height</th> 
</tr> 
</tfoot> 
</table> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div> 
</div><!-- Row --> 
</div><!-- Main Wrapper --> 
<!-- Footer --> 
<div class="page-footer"> 
<p>Made with <i class="fa fa-heart"></i> by TechAce</p> 
</div> 
</div><!-- /Page Inner --> 
</div><!-- /Page Content --> 
</div><!-- /Page Container --> 
<!--Modal adding a new record --> 
<div class="modal fade" id="myModal"> 
<div class="modal-dialog"> 
<div class="modal-content"> 
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<div class="modal-header"> 
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-
hidden="true">&times;</button> 
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Enter your Vitals</h4> 
</div> 
<form class="form-horizontal row-border"  id="validate-1" action="" method="post" 
enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
<div class="modal-body"> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="number" name="temp" id="temp" step="0.1" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Temperature in Celcius"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="number" name="weight"  step="0.1" id="weight" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Weight in kg"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="number"name="height" step="0.1"  id="height" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Height in ft"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="number" name="bp" id="bp" step="0.1"  class="form-control" 
placeholder="Blood Pressure"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="number" name="bmi" id="bmi"  step="0.1" class="form-control" 
placeholder="Body Mass Index in kg"> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="number" name="heartRate" step="0.1"  id="heart-rate" class="form-
control" placeholder="Heart Rate" required> 
</div> 
<div class="form-group"> 
<input type="date" name="vitalDate"  step="0.1" id="date-vital-input" class="form-
control date-picker" placeholder="Date" required> 
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="modal-footer"> 
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> 
<button name="submit" type="submit" id="add-row" class="btn btn-
success">Add</button> 
</div> 
</form> 
</div></div></div> 
</body> 
</html> 
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Appendix G: Programming codes for Logout interface 
    require("funcs/db_connect.php"); 
 session_destroy(); 
 echo "<script>location.href='index.php';</script>"; 
?> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Appendix H: Interview questions 
Selected individuals were asked the following questions in an informal interview settings 
1. Do you know what personal health record is?  
a. Kindly explain PHR (if interviewee answers yes for question 1) 
2. Do you have any form of PHR? 
3. How do you store your health information? 
4. If electronically stored; how or which e-health system or which application or 
system do you use to store it 
5. If manual, how and where do you keep this hard copy reports? 
6. Do you know what personal heath record system is? 
7. Have you ever used any form? 
8. What does it do? 
9. What personal health information would you like to store and manage 
10. What features would you like to see in a PHRs 
11. What would functions would you like to see a PHR perform 
12. Would you like to install an application on your device or access your PHR 
through the web? 
13. Do you have easy access to your health information that is kept by your health 
professional/ facility? 
14. Do you know it is your right to have access to your health information and it is 
your responsibility to ask 
15. Would you recommend a PHR to a family and friend 
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Getting Started 
 
1. Using Xammp as localhost server, connect Personal health record system 
database 
2. Copy PHR db and Dashboard folder 
3. Go to local disk Drive c: 
4. Locate and Open the Xampp folder, create a folder called health in htdocsand 
paste your PHR db and Dashboard folder 
5. Open Xampp control panel, Initialize xampp  by clicking start by apache and 
mysql 
 
6. Click on admin by mysql start button, this will open the admin platform in a web 
browser.  
7. Under the Databases tab, create database; enter database name Health and click 
on create 
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8. Go to import tab on the php admin browser page, navigate to your database PHR 
db in the health folder,  located in htdocs under xampp folder and click go 
9. Open a web browser, type in localhost/health, click on templates, click on admin1 
10. Localhost page will load. 
11. New user are required to create an account  
 
 
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