University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
!I!!LQI'!IIII't or 1'l!I B9'l'ZQ( m !'!!lIPIIJTIC Imm8.WI 
IAwe IJ! m vow !AHA!! WE ptJBIl!2 TJi! llBS1' J!AIi 
(1~"') 
!",. .l a .". .U .' tor tIIa lle_ or __ 
or PWooap'-' or xtII.a_ 1I rI1. ...a 1. or _ . 
1m 
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Figures 1 to 134 
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1 
Fig.1 . Windroses based on observations :from 
Dec ...b er 1967 to January 1969 (07.00 
and 21. 00 hours). 
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2 
' 000 000\ !Cpo ... NOU KftACHI YlJI ' 000 
, aoo 
'000 
z 
e 0 
,~ ~ • 
~•  
,t 0  , • 
~ 
z0  , 
")00 I ,aoo 
j I 
0 t 0 
• '0 • ~ • '0 • ~ 
depth ( 11'1 ) 
Fig. 2. Mean nu:nbers of' the b ottQl f'auna per m
2 at 1m, 5m and 
10m. depth at f'our s tations, wi th confidence Ulterval 
estimates for eaoh dep th (January 1968). 
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3 
"'I!;O~OH'O 
.. 
• , .. •• 
"l O , .. ,., " 
I<li. ~ 
M " 
..... "  
" 
" " ~U.  ' ~~=" =14 ~" . 0 
Temper ature profiles a t Akosombo in 1965 end 1966 , 
recorded at the bottom. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
,. ,~\ ~~~~~ ., .0 
O"T~ (~ ) 
.. •• t ~bl •• 
,.~,\ ~ ~~~~ ,' " I. 
" 
" YII' 
Fig. 4-. Temperature profiles at Dodi :from 1965 to 1968, recorded 
at the bottQ!l. 
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5 
"t,'  ~t:::fl~ ~ , . .. '0 
D •• T .. ( . ) 
.. .. 
•• 
D. o h ( _) 
Temper ature profi l e s at !{p andu f'rom 1966 to 1968 , 
reoorded at the bot t011l. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
6 
un UACIt I 
.... ,'~~TL7.L.7.L.7""'7r''-;r-~T-L7_"''';,,===='~ 
M.' 
. , .. .. •• .. 
I"bll 
Fig. 6. Tempe r ature profiles at Kate Krech! f r om 1966 t o 1968 , 
recorded at the b ott an. 
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7 
rl J1 I(M" ' ~ "" U R t toe) 
. , .. .. •• 
. , .. " .. .. •• " , . ( . ) 
Fig. 7. TOllIpereture profile. a t Yeji " r an 1966 to 1968, 
reoorded at the bott~ 
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8 
•• 
•• 
0,:. ..... 
","  
" 
" " 
• . "0"  
• • " 
Fig. So Tenpera.ture profiles at Ampem frQ!l 1966 to 1968, 
reoorded at t!e bottom. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
9 
AIIoOSOMIO - PUC HIT"'C E Oltl GtN i AT UI,uI O N 
• 
••  
...•..  
.~  ~~.. ! lI!ri .. 
Ol~'. ( a ) 
Oq gen prot'ile 8 at Akosombo in 1965 and 
1966, r ecorded at the bottan. 
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10 
0001 - ~IIlCINl"G( OIUG EN ~ .. tU~A IIO N 
•• 
! 
j 
,:  
•• • 
• .. " •• .. 
ii  , ... . 
• 
" 
• • .. .. .. 
Oxygen prorties at Dodi f'rom 1965 to 1968, 
recorded ~rom the bottom. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
11 
HIClNf"Ct OXle!" SAT U U TION 
0 , 
~ I .'~ (., " .0 
,00 
,ff  .•.•  ''1t.? , 
,,  .. 
• 
,,  
\ 
'o{ d, ~=±==,~=±==<=="~,===,,,:===~,~,===!. . 
1 
01 . ' • 
.. ."  . , ,.  .. 
D I . ... ( . " " " 
O~gen profiles at Kpandu from 1966 to 1968, 
recorded at the bottan. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
12 
KUE IUACHI - l'(tCENlAGf OnGtH U.lU .... 'I O N 
. -... . " . 
•• .. 
.: ;: .. 
t•
 
  •• .0 
,.  
• 
! 
: I ~b b 
: 00 
: 
••,  \ -<f{- r 
• " .. 0 ' " ~ , .. ( a J 
li'ig. 12. oxygen profUes at !(eta Krachi from 1966 tc 1968, 
recorded at tb! bottan. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
13 
UJI - PI,e lN TAGE QJl YCIN U,TU IU.HO N 
. , 
Of. . .. ( - 1 " " '. 
'. 
! 
i 
, M 
• • 
• • " .. .. 
Oxygen profiles at Yeji from 1966 to 1968 , 
recorded at tile bottom. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
14 
l~b8 
! 
.t•   .. " 
. , " ,. 
• 
,. 
01.'. ( 0) 
Oxygen profiles at Ampem from 1966 to 1968, 
recorded at the bottaJ4 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
15 
-
••
•  . 
•p •
• 
  
'0•  :1 ;------, ~ ,: ===, ==:.  
0-, , 
d4plh ( ... ) 
• tl°DI 6 . V . 1969 " 
" .. ,/•' 1 ", •< ', 
••
 
  , ,
  
n 
0 ,, 
, 
8 ,,  
 
•0<  •• ,,  
,. 
,. 
,, .  
, , 
, 
, 
- - . 
• • • -, 0101 2 3 4 do, and depth (III) ~II 
Of90nlC mati., phi 
Fi8. 15. Peroentage ccmponents and pero·ente.ge organic matter 
or f"looded soil at Dodi (tor explanation see text). 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
• 
•~ •  • 
• 
, 
• • 
, 0 , , 
- dept" 1M} KPANDU- 7. V. 1969 
" 
Om 
·, ,••   
Fi8.16. Percentage canponents a Dd percentage organic 
matter at flooded soil at Kpandu (.for expl ana-
tion see text) e 
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17 
!&•  :~ I I- 0 
dlplll (m) 
KETE KRACHI 
.0 
,. 
,,
, 
,  
 
,, 
,, 
 
,  
~ ,I 
c•  ,,  
 
•i  •  ~ , 
i•  
~ .. ,. 
'0 ,. 
-- -..;  
o 1---L-----"----f~==~~--_:----_:-----.:-~';.,a~'Oftd 
I 5 9 -I 0101 2: ,h' :5 ,lit 
"plh , .. J 
or". "Wi, 
Percentage caDponen ts and percentage organic 
m.atter ~ nooded soil at Kate Krachi (for 
explana tien see text). 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
18 
• 
!, ;;  
•,0   
,~  2 
0 , , , 
0" • 
dept h 1m) 
"" Y E J I 9 . V. It" Om • 
'" 
"•o o,    '" ,, ,  
" 
'" 
'" --. 
.. ,,  
'm , 
,,
,  
,,
 
  
1-, I -' • ., --0 10 ' 2 , • "O.J. .o M cu i" 1. .. ) , hi 
.tIlO"" G.~' • 
Percentage components and percentage organio 
matter ar flooded soil a t Ya j ! ( f or expl.E.na-
tion see text) 0 
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19 
• 
• • 
.i,  
••  • , 
,L---~----~----r---~----' 
O·S 3!1 7 II 
,. 
AJr.lPEM - 12 . V. 1969 , 
,,
, 
,  
 
,,
I 
  
I 
I 
I. I 
I 
I 
,I  
I 
: I 
I ,
I  
! 
,,  
,,  
,,  o. 
I 
,I  
,,  
I 
,I  
Fig.1 9. Percentage components and peroentege organio 
matter of' fiooded soil at Ampcm ( tor expl E.lla-
ti on see text). 
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20 
AT Y[JI 
Fig. 20. Lake l evel at Yeji f rom 1966 to 1968; 
separation of' riverine water f"rom. the 
lake water or shallows at the beginning 
of floods. 
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21 
• .•.  .. AMPE" 100 .. • • 0001 • • 0 0 0 KPANOU 
• 0 0 .. • KETE KRACHI • 0 YEJI c 80 
-D • 
• 
0,  "S. • • ~ 2 • 
-D 0 • .. 
0 
60 • 0 
• • 0 • c 0 $ 0 
'" 0 0 0 a ~ M 0 • 
D 40 
0 
woter 
o! x 
• mixinCjJ 
20 
0 
0 
0 2 3 • 5 6 7 8 9 10 " It 13 I. 15 depth (m) 
Fig. 21. The maximum depth distribution of Povil l! aduste. 
n,ymphs in rele. tiOD to t he percente.ge o:x;ygen 
saturation o:t water during t he period 1966 to 1968. 
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22 
• , , 
Fig.22. Mouth pa rts a£ Fig . 23. Mouth pa rts at 
cricotFcuB sp. Chironomus f'ormosipennis 
1£rVa ~h1ronaoidae) l arva (Cbironomidae) 
Fig.24. Mouth parts of' Fig.25. Mouth parts of 
Chironomus imicol& Dicrotendipes multis -
larva (Chironanidae) t inOsus l ane 
ChironCllli dae) 
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23 
Figo26. Mouth parts of Fig. 27. Youth perts ~ 
Dicrotendipes sp . l Dicrotendipes sp . 2 
larva CC hironanide.e) le.rva (ChironClf.i~e) 
• 
• 
'--
Fig. 28. Mouth parts of Fig. 29. Mouth parts of 
Powedllum tyPe 1 Polypedilum sp. l 
larva (Chironanidae) l&rva (Chironanidae) 
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......  
!ra T"~V"OOIl" [ • ( 11 1"0 11 0 111 111 1 
• OIlTHOCL .t,O l li U § TA" H""' II I 
Fig . 30. Percentage abundance by nUl:lber of ma60r 
taxe of ehironamid larvae in 1966 and 1968 
( except at .Akosombo, where the data are for 
1965 and 1966) . 
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2.5 
.., . • • • ",K  , 
, " " " / TAN Y POOINAE 
• .KOSOWIIO 
:•  • > 
., . , . O,K • "  • , 
, " " " " " " 
• 
,•  
0001 
! 
"It 1"1 ~ • 
• 
••  • • • 
,"  
... ... 
.• :" '.•    I) KPUIOU , • 
.,L-LJ_ _____ ______ t, , ,'r, , ,,,:" -L~L_ ~ 
.. . I ~j 
Fig. 31. Abundance and depth distribution at Tanypodinae 
larvae. 
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26 
- - '" . -
'1/ ) CHIRONOMUS • 
• V 
! , l:> I) [> r, .T, ·T 
:•  • I) ~ ~ ,~ • • DOOI 
" 
" - .. _. • .. _. • . .. -, . " ~, 
, 
• ~ ~. ) ) ~ /' ) -
• .. 
!, •  If 
• ..... ~[III 
• 
_. 
• ... -
:, 11 I> V ~ -1/ • .... 0.0 •• 0 It> i , 
,•  
- - ' -
• -
• V ~ V ./ • 
1 , Y I[~ 1 l> 
·••   • Fig. 32. • 
AbWlde.LC8 
" - - and dep t h - , • dis t ribu_ 
• tion or 
• ---- / V / Chironanu8 opp. ! 
t • 
• • KfTl • ') ~". CI+I " 
, , .I.T ...  '! to .,. 
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27 
-• .. - • • , • • -, , • • • • • 
• V OIC ROTEHO ... 
• f MUlTISP'HOIUS , t ut[ • • _!t a t"! t t , r " ,,. " 
,•  
- L -
• 
!·. . • •,  rV-~ 
• 
• 
" I I I I 
~, . .. 
J!'i8 . 33. Abundanco end depth distribution of' 
D1crotendipes mul.tispino5US larvae . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
28 
- ,-n -~\lIWlIX 
- .. -,' J 
, I 
II 
, ) 
< 
••  • DO 01 
,"  
" 
',N 1 IHU II IX " , , 
e 
PI .......... n 
' II II II OI CROT EN DIPE S !. .,  / / CHLORONOTU S < • , ..... P[ .. •,  , -.. ,.,. • ... .: . ~ ~ , . " II .... VI IX • 
:11 / J 
•• •  -------, I~... «oso .. . o  >  
• 
" " ,.  .. "", 'N, ' " , " " " ~ • " , 
V- II 
• 
t• , l> •  , YE." 
, 
.. 
-" ",VII_ '. .. ", ' . " . .. ,- ~ , • 1'i8.34-
, Abtmdance and 
, depth dis tribu-
• • ) 
1
,  I) / 
V I) 
KETE tion of 
KRACHI D1crotendipes 
•· •  ohloronotus , larvae. 
,"  
.N 
• " • ,. .. 
• ,n  
" " .. 
.., . .. , ~ .. 
, I  \;---- II • 
• , KPANOU •< •  , , , . 4~, , , !jill • .... .... .. 1 
• 
" 
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29 
.. OICROTENDIPE S .." .. " , ,. . 'K·' ... • • ."., ,,'" -.. " ." "" 
;1 YfJ ' 
" ! ! 
I I I 00"' 
.'1.  ! , ) ·•  • 
- ) ... . ." "" .. - ~, ( -
/ ~ Ef ( ~ •• , .. , 1" ) ·. ,  \ A .. P(" t ' 
! • • ) " I \,  t ". .' ; :1 » ' . I 
. 
M, _. • - ' 'K' M' ..-- (" "- I I ~"AN Oli I / "'05.O" BO / 
) 
.. ) 
Fi8. 35. AbW'ldaree e.nd depth distribution of' 
Dicrotendipes Sf,l .larvae . 
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30 
-DICROTE.N.D IPES .S. P. 2 , " ",IIIV.IXXI I !'I I I I IYVVIIX)(I 
, 
I- YEJ I 
t. 
:, 9, , !fOp .'\"0 
~~LL ______L L_ _~  
... ... .,..,. . ' .., 
" '"w , 
: K[T[ <
••
   KR ACH I 
•,  
... -• , w " .. .,. , . ... " , • , 
, / 
0001 
• 
> 
,_. .. .., ... , . , w 
, , 
, II /- II , 
£• • •  
~ 
... .... [l1li ,<  • 
> ~ •,  • • .. so ...o  
l'i g. 36. Abundance and depth distribution or 
Dicrotendipes 5p, 2 l arvae . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
31 
,.- • " " .' -
E NOOCHIA O NOMUS 
~ )I  • • ..- ,.' ". 
~~uO~ 
----'- ~ LJ - -'-' 
,,-. .- . -.. •• ," , ~ • .. • 
I 
j, ..  ~. 
• 
•, • • • • .... " . . -, . 
"i,  • eL.~ OIO "' 1JO ' • J 
.... .... 
w . " ~,"  . " , • , w , • w " 
, 
, / ) ) 1\ / / , /' END OCHIRONOMUS 
Y[JI 
> 
•,  • 
••  .".  > ! 1" ":.T , , , , , ,," -
" 
'.16 ' lin 1M. , 
II'IYII .... ,II.,'I'I1Cl • , w " 
>,  
·! ' , kKR:ACH.• t  ·•  .".  
" 
J!' ig.,37. Abundance and depth dis t ribution of Endocb.ironomu8 l arw.e .. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
- - Jt". O ~ O . U " 32 
, 
• 
~ ~I(f)?-\f)? ;1> ) 0000))) 
• 
• 
- . ~ -- - ,. ,- , ~ . ' " ~~ 
" 
~ ~(;>Cd 
- " .. . " 
1 
I,  • ~ J» 
.'_'p-- L rl-  _._ r:: ~ ,'" "_ __ ~. LL~~ n OI O"'O - -
Pig.38. 
i~Pffi[J>] Abundance e.nd 
depth dist ribu-
- NtLOO ORUII -[ , tion ~ • · "s,~(-
,•  NUodorum 8pp. 
·,  
· I! )- ... , larvae . , 
- " 
. ~. " 
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33 
- CRYPTOCH IROHOMUS CI". OEWULI'"IANUS - • • - • -• - - • • •• • •• -• • • . .. 
•·  • , / • • / • 
• • 
! '[JI , 0001 
· l .. •..  • - _. - .. ~ • I l_ 
• l 
• ) 
• K"IU,C.H I ~ ·, ;  • 
• 
• I 
-• - • • • - - -
• 
• IC~"OU :! . . 11:01 0 11 '0 
i • • i· j------~'~. :.~..". ',.~I~ • '~ ------~~ 
Fi g.39. Abundance and depth dis t ribution of' Cr yptochironomus ef.. 
dewulfianus l a rvae. 
- CR-YP T OCHIRONOMUS N UOI FO RCEPS . -w • • , • , , " • w • .. " " " ~ .. .. .,. . • - « .. , , 
, , 
, • 
• <YEJ I •  , · 0001 < • • ~ 
•••   " " 
~ 
, 
m ·"  ,-" .- , 
... ... ... • , III VI VII IX • , • , , " • w • " • " w ~ .. , .,. . " 'M' " .. • v .... IX II , V 
,>  
< k(T[ • IC"ACHI • KPAHOU •  • 
• 
" 
Fig.40. Abundance am depth distribution of Cryptochironomus 
nudi1'orceps l arvae . 
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34 
POLYPEDI LU M TYPE I 
, • 
, ) 
,•  / ~ rr l( t
••
 
  • I , ~ ~ "~R""'CH I . -----'---' ~ 
• , 
, 
,•  
II / I) 
, V 
• I KP.t.,HOU 
" 
U "'Yl VllII' JU 'Mtf'O l " .. vv. 
;v 1/ 
• 
! ' 
• • 
"·•  "• ,  
-" L-L...LL L...LLLJ-'----'-'-' --'--'--1I-. ..L_ --'---' 
,lI'i e.4-1. Abundance and depth distribution of 
Pol,ypedilum tYpe 1 le.rve.eo 
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35 
- POLYPEDILUM SP I ,,65 " •• 1M' .. INt • • • , • • •• • .. 
, , 
, , V 
Y[~I .... 1'( ... •,  I 
,- • I • • IM5IM' 1M' '"I O"' YI YII"'" ...... ,. .... 
I' 0001 
III TE KR.t.C ... J , , • • • . " .. • -, . • • 
lUI 
.. v . .... " . , "' . "' , .. . .. , 
"' 
"' , V - V I , f I. V I - , V Kf'. NOU V •t ,  ,UO'O ... . O 
.:•   . ) • 
•"  1 
F1g. 42. Abundance &nd depth distribution of Pol.vpedilum sp , l 
le.rvae. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
36 
,- STICTOCHIRONOMUS CAFFIitARIUS . , . . ,,M .' ... - . , -...- • -,. 
-, 
 • 
, • ,,- • 
"1 • . " t-1 V j  , Y(~I 0001 , ,t ' ' 
j 
- l . • • - M' ,M' " . • • I , T " 
/ 
i.  • • .,. 
! - '"" , .(Tl UI 
-• • - • - -
, 
! 0 II 
0 .N_ 
I , •••••••• 
0 ':., -'-'-___ _ --L 
Fig .4J. Abundance and depth distribution of 
Stict ochironOOlUS cef'fre.rius le.rvae. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
37 
.... Itl7 'K. 
r"-"~'-""--""-""-r'''"'-r.I _L N -'C'~ ~"-'-' i!, 
l' ( JI 
TANYTARS U S 
NIGROCINCTUS 
'", ' 1'1 II 
• '" VI ..... " , " .. 'M',' " VYlI • • , 
, 
, 
- I> ) 
< ', I/" II.P_HD V ; 
• , > 
• I I ~ I 
, "' 
, 
, II 
, 
< 
; , 0001 
• • 
" 
-- .,  , , , ..".  " -, .. . , . t if ".:,,:' "PffTfI 
F!s. 44. Abund&nce and depth dis tribution of 
Tan.yta.rsu8 nigroci nctus larvae. 
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38 
... TAN Y T.A..R, SUS C.. ,. .F..  BALTEAT US N "" " • , N " N V .. , " 
.~ ,.. j ~ T ,YEJI .... ,. .*, ~  
.... .., ,. .. 
• N VII VIII , " " IV XI 
, V VI X 
, " 
, I 
, I) I) 
• 
" , D ••   :~ TE c , I} •,  ... ..., 
" N VII VII' " " , , v YO N " 
I, 
- ,,  !: [> K"ANDU 
• 
" 
" .. ,. . , 
" 'v , 'v " v v. " " , 
, 
, I) 
l! I) 
, I) 0 0 01 
• 
•"•   • 
" . } 
" 
Fig. 45. Abundance and depth distribution of Te.n.ytarsus cf'. 
bal teatus larvae. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
39 
TANYTARSUS GROUP LAUTERBORNI SP.II 
t96~ 1966 
XI' ,v 
'967 '96. 
V, VUI IX " , 'v 
, 
'" V v, 
, " " " 
J 
>- / 
,- 0001 
7 
• 0,  ,ZYO,4?O oro , ,,,2 
,".  
1965 1966 1961 1968 
)(11 I,  ,)(  xu V X" " 'V V, VIII X XI' 
, 
V- II II V II 
AMPEM 
7 
Pig .~6. Abundance and depth distribution 
of Tartytarsus group lauterborni sp , II 
larvae. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
dHrF r "ffl'"· CLAOOTANYTARSUS PSEUDOMANCUS [p , . , '"90 , •• or" .. 2 
- 'M' .... ~. ~, , IV . , - . . ., 
-• ~. - .. -
, , 
, 
• ~ r 
• ----- I) >V  ;> / r - 1\ V , 0001 
;•  
• 
• -• 
" . 
..i!'ig.47. Ab\Uldance and dep th distribution of' 
Cl.adotanytarsus Eseudanancus l arvae. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
4-1 
0001 
70 / • 
60 
, 
• '" 0 u ".~ • < • 
0 40 '1,) .~ 
~, . ". .<.,  
0 
ot '0 
20 0 • 
I '"~ , 
'.' '0 ." O~ . 
0 -1'9 65 1t6S 1981 1968 
I n • I) In:l !5 ) (n a :5) In. S) 
Fig. 4B. Changes in relative abundance of four 
species of' chironanid larvae at Dodi in 
1965 to 1968, expressed 8S percentage 
ot the tote! number CIi' apecimens colle cted 
in ea.ch year. n = nunber of collect~on8. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
AICOSO IolB O 
M-. ..... I'" ~ IUIO~ "000' ,., SUIO~ ~"'~I y", • " '" W 
, 
l ..- -
II, 
. ,, . .. , ~ ,,, ,.   ~  • • 
• 
lJ " 
Depth distribution of' total bottcra f'a una. at Akosanbo 
expressed as number of organisms per m2• 
- .- _.. - ..-
' / 1 I)V v .. . .., ..  
I ...... ,. . 
• 
I 
• 
I 
--~ 
Depth distribution of total bottom fauna at Akosombo 
expressed as standing crop in r/1f12 . 
University of G43h ana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
DDD I 
, ..S  .. 19M .. ..... ' .. , "'000,'.  ... ...- 'M....I.  
[•  I •• ] " 
.. 
., 
.. 
,• 
L. .. ! 
.. 
• .. . 
-'-- J 
Depth distribution of totel bottao r~una at Dodi 
expressed a s number of' organisos per n2• 
--M._ ,- 000 1 '.000. ..00II. -. 0-' -.. 
• .- • • 
• -. 
" 
• -. 
j • 
i•  • 
j_ I" .
 ,..I,  
-. 
J _ _ .. --,-_ :_ _- .-"" 
Fi g. 52. Depth d.i5tribution of total bott~ f auna a t Dodi 
expre ssed a s standing crop in gfm • 
PO- = Povills; AN = Anisoptere.; TRI = Trichoptera. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
I(PANDU. 
I"" "$1 ~'"U_ 
• 
1 
'j f, ., 
'I ., 
l ., ., 
! .. ...- .,.. ,'. .1  .
· . 
 
·•·  .. 
, 
  . . ! 
". 
." 
..1 -_______  " " 
Fig.53. Depth distribution of" total bottcm f" e \lJle. a t Kpandu 
expressed as Dumber of' organisms per m2 0 
University of Gh4a-5n a http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
_-.- K" ... NDU noo .. 
• " 
• 
• ,• . • • • • ., 
-• .~ • • ..  -• • , .....  
•t  
• 
.. < ." 
.. ." 
L ----" 
_. 
,-"- ,- _-. .- ..- ...-
- "- • " , " •. . • 
• • ' .. " .. 
• ; .. 
" 
, 
l 
.- - --- ... 
Depth distribution of total bott~ £aune at Kpandu 
expressed as standing crop in g/m • 
PO = Povillaj HI = Hirudinea ; CHI = Cbironanidae . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
l,.6 
.... ", 
.. 
/ 
( 
\ 
:, I  
I 
- . ..-. .,. .  ' . -. • 
• 
Fig.55. Dep th distribution of total. bot t an :fauna a t 
Kete Krach! expressed .as mlllber of organisms 
per m2 • 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
4-7 
0•0 .•. . - . . ... . _ 
I.' ~. \ ' -;~ i 
'i ~./ . <: 
"1 
( I '" 
. J / ( 
i 
I 
- , 
p ' ...- -
f 
,I· . -- \ ( ; 
) 
.L 
Fig. 56. Depth distribution of total bott~ ~auna at 
Kete Krachi expressed as standing crop in 
g/m2• 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
-. Y E ~I ..- I." .. , 
( T r
I -.'  
-. 
, 00;00 ,,.,. 
"0'·' 
,,-
'" 
.LI _____  
Fig. 57. Depth distribution of' total bottom "fauna. a t
Yeji ~I1Issed a s number of organiSl!ls per 2 C1 • 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
49 
- • - .... ,,-
j ~ 
?~ ( <'-'~ 
i 
• 
- I-
- J. 
Fig. 58. Dept h dis t ribution or total bot tcm fauna at 
Yeji expressed as s t anding cr op in g/m2• 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
.I, .-. P( ", ."  .... '• ...  ... 
-" 
.. "---;";;-.S' .'c -""" .. . • ;. : 
., 
• 
• .. .. •. 
:[?) 
, 
• 
.,'  ; 
.. 
L .. 
11ig. 59. Depth di st ribution of total bottom ~auna at 
Ampem expressed a. s number 2of' organi sns per m • 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
51 
. - . ~' ... . . .~..  .. 
-::1. 
= " 
.!-.~.  ' 
' ," ~. = 00' .. . ... !t/ " .r._ U,. ' .. 
i, .[ ( 
• !,  
• .. 
" 
L 
..- 
.. ~- 
., 
.. )?( .:~ : 
. 
--
FiIl . Go• Depth distribution of total bottom fauna at 
Ampem expresse d as standing crop in Ym2• 
AN = Aniaoptera; BT ::. Bulinus truncatus; PO = POvilla 
University of 5G2h ana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
10 11050 111. 0 - ~"HU" "'I' • • I , ~. , 1 .,1 
'" 1'0 TItt (lU 0 
~, 1'0 Till 111 0 
• 
, ~ ~ ".S C; ;J 
, 
• , .'...0:.0 ", ~ • o 2n, 
" I •• I ··   , 'j ~' ,t 
· 19 •• 
'r 
I I 
• 
• '" j '·. 4' • 
._....  
Depth distribution of five major groups of bottom f auna. 
e. t Akosombo in January 1965 and 1966. For thi s f'igure end 
figures 62 to 82 the t'ollowing symbols have been used: 
Chi • = Chironanide.e, Po Eili1 = Perilla, Tri Wll = Trichoptera, 
01i 0 = Oligochaeta, Cha.~ = Chaoboridae, 0 ~ = Othe r organisms. 
.IIIIO.OYe!) - II All e N 
...... . I .."  ""',,, "." "IIy.o...o 
~ I'G y" ou 0 ---1.'" 
• 
1'1J~ 
'u, 0'" t 
• ,'000: "', ~ 
t. •• ... I  0 1)11, I 
[ :0 "" ~ ;:; 
,•  L I I I 
• 
... ..... • c_ .......... " ... . , .' · .~I 
>'ig. 62. Depth distribution of t"ive major groups of bottom f' auna 
at Akosombo in » arch 1965 and 1966. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
53 
. . .. ... , I . ' aK05011 80 - IU.Y 
~ I ~ ~ ~~ 
· , 
• " C5 
0000" 
• '-----0' u n ~ . ' I., I 
,••  • 
• ( tJ 
"" ~ ~ 
• '" 0 · 14. , 
'" 11 0 _ c_ ... ..... u ••" " .... (I-I ... 
-- ,-- -
l!'ig. 63 . Dept h diatrlbution of' five m!.jor gr oup s 
of bott om :fauna. a t .Ako s cmbo in Yay 1965 
and 1966. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
,. . ,. .. .. ,.", ..,  .. ' • " . , , • " •• I 11167 I 
• ~ t P , 
• I I I 
• I 
• I 
.".  ~ 
'" o ~74, " ......:..!:.::. 
" 
, I I 
··  , I · 
I , , 
"sa I • • I I 
• C-
• I I I 0 
",  · 
.. I 
" 
• 
, ''' 1 0 740, I ~- ~ ----L L.-.. 
.. , • • -.....;C'_ ..,. \."'0. ... " ._ , ,.n " - "~' D " <40~ .. , "" "oo. \. ,,·_ 1 
'H. ,. .. · " -
Depth distribution of' five maj or groups 
of botten f euna at Dodi in January 1967 
end 1 968. 
University of Gh5a5 na http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
.." "'~ ... I .. ' 
~. ~ ,,•  . 
• • 1M , f'" 
::: •, ,. T i • •' I 1 I I I 1966 r+ I ! 1 l I '-• r' ~ = 
• ,- 1 ~,-- ~ " N' 
~'-  
• 
·• ,  ,. . , • 
• 1~  ~ 1 
• 
• .~ 'r 1 
• " 101.  .. 
• '1 r 
o "10 _ _ lICr ,- "tr'''- 11 - " I 
--
Fig . 65. Depth distribution of five major groups of bottan f auna 
a t Dodi in April 1967 and 1968. 
---,.' _ · UHI • •• _ - ..., ., '. ".' ~ • " - ~ " • 
~ T 
1 I "M •..  
"00 I I ut, 
0 ._ po 
• 0 
~ 
-" 
! 
;•  j I I • I IS" a L J 
" 
~ IT , 
'r o 4tf, .~ 
~ ~ 1 1 ~ 
· t . .._  ,_ .. -.,,_ II . .. , 
• 
Fi8 . 66. Dept h distribut ion C£ fi ve ma jor groups or bottom f'aune. 
a t Dodi in September 1966 a nd 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
-- ,. ' • ... - .0. ... ... . ... .. ' ~ ,. • .. • 0 c 
• 
0 , 
. ,. ,u•  
.. •• 
( , '.'" 
., 
• , 'K' e 
,..-. 
!- - .- -. 
7 
., g C 
"" :,;J 
g 'N T ." . . 
3 I I 
,. , fI 
•I  
Depth distribution o~ five major groups 
of' bottcm fauna at Dedi in Uovember 1966 , 
1967 8Jld 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
57 
~ . , • • , • I ..'  
• , 
• 
• ... , ... , . 
: 
!- " 
: 1---r---
; o ,,.. ,= 
o 
• 
• 
'" 0 '" • 
• o 
-• ..,L --
•...,  . 
Depth distribution of six major groups of bottom 
:fauna at Kpandu in Je.nuar-f 1967 and 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
_.. ... .,.  ... . Kli"IlMOU- .....1 1.. ... , . . ..l 1li , .' '" , • "" .. '* • 
, I I 'M' r1  
• I I I I 
• I 
• 
• 
• ... . '7n . ' . 
• 
• 
l • E r1 1 "" • • ~ ~ ..., L f-J 0 ,·,u 0 • 
• I 
• .. ,1000,". , ~ •• , 4 'O ~ • 
~ 
• 
-..",  . -.c.: ... MI. ... " TO ..... I , - _ I ~ --
? ig.69. Depth distribution of Ilx ma jor groups of bott an 
f'auna at lipandu in ~rl.l 1966 .... d 1967. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
.. .......... ,  I.•  , .. 1( ~"1II0U - JULY •• 1,111 ,I.' M .. ,.  ~, , ~ 
" • [P , 1966 
•,  I -, ~ m 11 ·1 13 i~ • 
• ". ' -54 0 . 
,, " 
, 
, 
• , ''""  •  . 19 •• 
• 
, ~ 
, '" 0 -Z4 " , ,oooc: ..... , , ..... 
~
• 
• 
" 
• 
% _. __" '(MOA l I' • ... 1 
-,-
Fig.70. Depth dist ributl on of' five major groups of bottom 
l'auna a t Kp."du i n July 1966 and 1968, 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
60 
... ",t.., , ,,,' ,. , ~P"'''' OU- S£PH ''IE'' W • • ;., g I .. ' ~ ~~ 
I ,
,  ,,,' ~, ~ ,. ~ , ~ 
~ I I 
1 -1 I 
I 
D i ~ ,,~ II' I 
f 
 , I I 
I 0 
• D 0 
, ,, I , HO , 
i' 
,. 
1968 I 
,• jJ 
I 
 
, 
•..  I I 
1 
.. .,_"t., ~ • , , o '.3, 
• 
Fig. 71. Depth distribution of six major groups 
of bottom r nuns at Kpandu i n Sept ember 
1966 end 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
61 
...... ' , .. ' • • •• ou- . oYl ~ ... ...... " "' 
~ •,  '",  ., .. ,'  ! . 
Id g rib 1 I' r I T- ~. "~ "W  ,. . .... . 
, 
, , 
.. ! .flo = 
, ~ Y 
~, 
, .... 
" ." 
,- ~. ~ 
...  , ," '00' ~ . ,," 9 i ,
~ , I 
... _, .......u  ' ...... " • •• , - .... M_'_* _ " ... .. " , 
-
¥ig.72. Depth distribution or five manor groups 
at bottan fauna at Kpandu in November 
1966, 1967 and 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
62 
.~ .... , I ",' 
~. ~ ,. ~, , ,. . ~ ,. 
, 
, I 
0 ~ I,J I ~ I 1917 \ h' 
0 , .. '.'1,  t 
,•  I I 
.-~ , .- I 
" ~ ~ 
• I 
• . .. , I 
! , • 
'"' 
I I 
, ( 
0 \ ~ r .J rJ ! 
0 I'.' L, j,J 
• .. , 
" ' .... 
,"  
-• ,.. - _ .. -."..."..,. " .... ' 
~. 73. Dep th distribution of' fi ve mej or gro"Ps 
or bot t an f auna at Kete Krechi in Je.nuery 
1966 and 1968, 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
r-s . ... ""' I ..'  " 't" . , -' cb ., 'j ~ ¢ ~ - 1;::::=11~ ~ 31' 
• 0 I t= o 
,~.  - ..... 
.... QJi  D.., =I==.. D  r. • -----.. 
• .. ._It ,. ._ . . _., I' • ••,  
Depth distribution of five major groUps at bottom 
faune at Kete Krechi in Aori1 1966 and 1967. 
• __ 1 _ ' .,.  It'T [ C •• DO'· AllY " '. .. , , .. ' ~ •• ~ •• ~, • 
T •r  - ~ =§ I ctJ "" ... T ~ . n4 • 
• 
~ ~.- 
. 
.;  r 'M' Q 
... c:P I 
• 0'" , 
....  _ '" ... ..." _ " • • --1 
-- I'. I 
Fig.75. Depth distribution or five major groups oF bottan 
fe\l118 at Keto Krecbi in July 1966 8nd 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
...... ' .. .. .. ........._ _.  ' ._, .,. . ' 
~ • •• - ~ • ~ .-. = •• 
• ,-- .- 
. 
0 _. 0 ~ 
1 • ... . ~ . 
! . 
.. .. ~ .. Q I " - ~ . 
• 
".-. .. _ ,.._.-".  ..,  .. .,-. I 
Depth distribut i on of six mPrjor groups of 
bottcm fauna at Kete Krachi in November 1966 , 
1967 and 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
r[J' _ J AN"A"V 
"'0 '" OU 0 e><_ ~, 
• 01 C'p I(] r DC .. '"bJ )CJ • • - L ' ' I o "2 ~ 0 r • 
f- I 
• r I 
• ! r I 0 
I 
; • L J I I I •• • I I 
• I II 
• I I .. ] 5 00. I L 1000:>"' 1 I I 
,"-
~ 
• 
• 
• 
~ 
• 
Fig. 77. Depth distribution of six major groups 
at bot tom 1'aUll8 at Yeji in J a.nuary 1967 
and 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
66 
.~ . .,. . • 
~ ~ •• ~, • ~, ~ .. ~ • 
• OM 
• 'i lie Ii" !t 
• 
• . '1:V  
: 
H' , . 7_ I 
I- . , 
• • 
. • 
~ 'N' · , -.l e II .i • ,•  • : - -- -'= ...zo , 
• 
, 'H' I h 
• I 
,•  ... L -.l 
• ...1 1: • 
• 
•. .. _·-.. ._  .. • ...1  - _ ".-. ,-'" - , "" I ~ ., "" • -
Fig:. 78, Depth distribut ion of' five maj or groups of b ottan 
f auna at Ye j i in April 1&66, 1967 and 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
...... ". I ",I Y(.,I!-.,IULY 
~ '" ~, 
, 
"" ""n  '" '" 
"u , 
' 1 -.l 'H' I 
• 
, J I ~ 
, c p 
• .. , ,. .'"  
• 
• .. 
•• 
" 
•·   , J J lUI l J c: P 
• 
, ~ P .. ...l II , , l ..J .ID  
z·on, 
~ 
" 
" L , '009-'1 ~ 
• I:J. • 
- ,-,. / . sr" NO 'NIl CROP IN SU' l OTfOllAlCI · '-.' - - ~ 
Fie. 79. Depth distribution of" five maj or grO\.ll ~ or bottom f"aWla 
at Yeji in July 1966 end 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
..-... ... ,. -... -..... , .... • • ~ ._-
~. 
g 
." " 
' I 
" 
'. , 0 Q 
, " 
,1  .. - ..... ' 
J 
I ... • .... I 
I , • 
...... ., .. '.,-._ ... ~.~'- -
Fig.BO. Depth distribution of' six major group s 
or botton :fauna at Yeji in November 1966 , 
1967 and 1968, 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
.MPIE" - FEBRU ..... Y 
CH' "m 
, 
'" n, 
, CHA 
r p 
• -c: .=r eJ  g 
• ~ 
• 1966 2619 
0,  20,0 0 40p0 • "1"" ! oro-,,,,2 r 
• 
·• •  • C pc: ;:::J 
• I I 
• 
• 1988 1320 
• 
.'II . A8UNQIlHCE IN SU8UTTOftAL U-9"'} ~ .. 
..•.. . ... ~ . - 'U~U"'Y - -' 
' .. ... ' 
i" 
•= .•
j---
1  "..  c::C? ' , , ! • w = 
y- ] ..... = 
Depth dis tribution of six c.ajor groups of bot tan 
f auna at Ampem in Februery 1966 end 1968. 
University of G70h ana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
..... . I.<._H' 
" 
o 
CO o 
" 
". i 
" 
. " H OI -O(C( ltU. 
'0',,, t'''' 
~ ,• -...  ~ " - Fig. 82. ill 
,~,  ~ 8 ~ Depth dish'i-' 00' • bution ar six 
• major groups 
.~ ..,  of bottan '"' [~ fauno ._. at ""  = t Ampem in • .•.  December 1965, 1966, 1967, and 
·•  _. ar 
• r n. 
0 0 • 1968" 
" , "'"  
•..  
• 
·"  -. 
" • •• 
• ? " 
" 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
"" 5UBLITTORAL- CHIRONOWIDAE 
AKOSOMBO 
Fig. B3. 
Abundance of' 
, chironomid 
l a rvae in 
sublittoral 
zone (1- SID 
", dep th) at Akosanbo 
during the 
OJ. . period 
Januery 1965 
to Jtlly 1966 • 
• • 
SUBL ITT"oRAL· CHIRONOWIDAE 
AKOSOMBO 
• • Fig. 84•  
, Standing crop •,  , of cmronOOlid ·,  • •, 16.rvae i n ·•  , , - sublittoral • zone at 
<•  Akosanbo 
••  durill8 t he '. period 
January 1965 
to Jtlly 1966 . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
73 
.- .--
5U8LITTORAL - CH IA ONOM IOA[ 
0001 , 
~ 
~ 
,~ , 
.,  • 
, '. • 
•, - -•  
" OAU 
Fi g. 86. Standing crop of chironanid l arvae in sublittoral 
at Dodi i'rom 1966 to 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
72 
,- ,-
SUB LITTO RA L - CH IRON OM IDAf 
,- 0001 ,,  
" ! 
'. 
-
NO OAT", 
l"ig. 85. Abundance of chironani d l arvae i n sublittoral 
at Dodi ~rom 1966 to 1968. 
University of7 G4 hana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
-
••,   SUBLITTORAL - CHIROHOMIDAE ,-
••  •• •  
• _(III: K_ m_ 
.- .-, 
", I 
I, . - .-'" 
. ,.  
",,   •, , , , ' , , 
, .- ---_ .. 
--',-  -- ' / "-, '. , v • • .. " • - , . • • - .. 
Fi g.8? Abundanoe of chironomid l arvae in subli t t oral at 
Kpandu and Keto Krechi from 1966 to 1968, 
.- ,,. .-, .,,   ,,  
.- ,,• ,   • ,•  ••  .-", • ,,  , •"  - •• , , , , , • •,  , , .,,  1 1 
.• v , ,  , ,.  - ,, ,  -" 
- o. _ •• " , " • - " • - • 
Fig . BB. Standing crop of chironamid larvee in sublittoral 
at Kpandu and Kete kechi f r om 1966 t o 1968 . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
75 
-
SUBLITTORAL - CHIROHOMIDAE 
YE,JI 
", I 
- ! 
I I- 
Fig. 89. Abundanc e of chi ronanid l arvae in sublit t oral 
a t Yeji from 1966 to 1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
-
, -
AE 
SUBLITTORAL - CH1RONOlotlO .-
VEJI 
..., 
•-•,  
-, 1--
 
~,  '-
, 
'•i  
" OAT" .. 
-
standing crop of chi.ronarid lB-rvae in sublittoral 
at Yeji from ~966 to ~968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
77 
SU BLI TTORA L - CH1RONOMIDAE 
AW P E III 
- r 
", 
,-. -- , I 
.!  / 
-
••- jt-;";O-llr. .. ,.~.c. ... ~·• •c ·~,_.. · -·. . "~',.• . rl_ -',. -'~"• •e ·-e. ''''- 'r,O_T' ~"''''''~'"'' ,,r-~.,....--T .. ;- -.. ··1 \I 
Fig.91. Abundance of chironomid larvae in subl ittore.l a t Ampem 
rrom 1966 to 1968. 
• • 
• 
• 
SU8L1TTORAL - CHIRONO.-OAE 
AWPEM 
", • 
;, 
; 
•  .,  
,· · • 
Fig. 92. Standing crop of chironanid. l arva.e i n sublitt oral at Ampem. 
~rom 1966 to 1968. 
University of G7h$a na http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
, -
n 
•• 
" 0 001 
" • Chi -
P. 
",  o ... .....  
• 
•• u  ,. 
• 
••
c ,, " ' 
c   •• ,, ,  ' • :'\ •• ,,  
,,  • ,,  t 
,,
, ,
  ,
 
, ,
  
ltig. 93. StandiD8 crop of Chironanidae ( Chi), Povilla (Po) , 
and all other orgenisms (0) at Dodi from 1965 to 
1968. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
79 
ro" 
\ 
, \' , ,, ~,  
: ,,  , ,
,  ,, , , , ,,  , , ,  
, 
,,  ,,  
,,  
,,  , 
,
, ,
  
, , ,, ,,  , , , , , , , , ,  
KPol N OU 
, 
,, ,  
,, ,  '
'""'  o .,+ -
l!'ie .94. standing crop of Chironanidae, Povill a and 
al l other orgenisms at Y.pandu from 1966 to 
1968. Symbols as in Fis.93. 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
80 
•..•  
,··.•'   ',  ,   
• .,  , • 
,,  ,!.  ~'
" , >•  ! ,
 
   • I< E T E KRA CHI 
,, 
: \ 
,  f ~.\ ,!  " Chi -\,  i """ "
,• ,••   • " "I
.   , ,'" .. ....-- Po - -- - .••. o ....... . 
• : ' ' " ~\
• •• "  ".
 ,  ".'  \./ \,. . i \ :' ••• : ,:   "",.'.  · • • ,  •·  .,,.  •  • "" \ "
~ '". . >,   1/ / \\ ,. I .'.... .... ,. ~ . 
~ "", . " "  I 
•• ",. .: 
, ,,   .:  
,t 
\ .. / " 
•• '.,   • 
Fig. 95. Standing crop of ChironOI:li da.e , Povilla and e ll 
othe r organisms at !\ete Krachi :from 1966 t o 
1968. Symbol s a s in Fig . 93 . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
81 
Y [J I 
.'". ' 
o .. + ... 
,,/  \,,   
I i 
,; ! 
r. 
 , 
\ 
,~ ... . I 
", \ i ," , '. ,f  ". ... ~~ , ... ". 
" ",  , :\ / '\ 
, i \ 
• 
, ':'-?:::':;;!¥-r~""':~''''-r' ''- -. 
• "- " .. Y' .. 
Standi:cg crop of Chironanidae ~
othe r organisms at Yeji from 19 villa and all to 1968. 
Symbols as i n Fig. 93. 
University of8 2G hana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
-. . ..  - ~ IE - 1lM'c1"'.,. o~do~. br ,.., ... ~ ... o .. F'ie.97. , - i ercentage abundance by number of major groups of' tu! 
bottaa. £aune. :in 
1966 and 1968 
(except at Akosombo, 
where the date. are 
~or 1965 and 1966) • 
• CHIAONOIoI IO'&[ • l1I1CM0f'TUA 
o C:U;OCKoI.UA 
CHlltONOMIOAE 
,-. - -'---.. ., .. -- --- ----- ,-o 
Fig. 98. 
Percentage 
abunde.nce by number c 
of Chil"onanidae 
at three different 
depth zone s in 
1966 and 1968 
( except at Akosombo 
where the de. ta 
are ~or 1965 and 
1966). 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
8} 
TOTAL aOT T OM FAUNA 
-o - " 
=- ----===--
-- ---
... 
. 1_ 3 • II_ It 
Fig. 99. Percentage abundance by number of the total 
bottan fauna at three d.if'ferent depth ZCfle s in 
1966 and 1968 ( except at Akoscmbo, '\'ihere the 
data are Tor 1965 end 1966). 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
0001- PROFUN OAL 
,- Fig. 100. A 8 , S 5 Absolute number s 
.. c£ bott an organisms • 19M 24 14 collected in ,. ..,  pro1"Undal zone c " S (11 to 25m depth) , 24 at Dodi ~rom 1965 " 17 to 1968. 
c A = number rL 
.0 ",  " samples; • " B = nllUber of 
E 
'• 
sample s con-
c taining 
0 20 
'-" organ! sma. 0 • -0 o • 
10 
Z"  
C 
0 " 
II lit 'v V VI VII VIII 'x X XI XII 
month. 
KPAN DU - P R OFU N DA L 
A B 
• 1966 I I 5 
0 1967 II 4 
Absolute numbers 
A 1968 23 6 of bottom orgenisns 
colleoted in 
profundal zone e.t 
• 20 Ktoo endu f rom 1966 ."E  1968. Symbols c 
o e.s in F18.100. 
-e-o 10 o o 1968 
o /A:=>z,:::~_~~ 
Z ~/_. 0' 
O~.II --r~~~~~~~~~~~lit IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII  
mont hs 
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KETE KRACHI- PROFUNOAL 
l'ig.102 . 
A B 
40 - Absolute • 15 B nUl!lbers • E o~ bottom 
• D 1967 10 5 organisms 
c: 30 ,_ collected .0, . I> 22 17 in produndal 
~ 
0 zone a t 
- Kate Krachi 0 t'rcm 1966 20 to 1968. 
0 
Z Symbols as 
in Pig. l OO 
10 
D 
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 
months 
YE JI - PR9FUNDAL 
A • 
• I- Fig. 10'. I 
• • 
D 1967 7 3 Absolute 
numbers 
• 
E 30 • 1968 20 13 of bottoo 
.•- organizm s 
c colle cted 
a 
"•  in a 
- .0 produnde.l a zone at 
Yeji from 
a 
Z 1966 to 
10 1968• 
Symbol s as 
in Fig. 100 • 
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A B Fig. 10i+. 
AMPEM-
x 196' 0 0 Absolu te PROFUNDAL numbers of bottan 
• 1966 7 2 orge.nisms 
collected in 
0 19 67 8 2 prof"undal at 
Ampem :from 
... 1965 t o 1968. 1968 19 3 Symbol.s .? s in 
F ig. 100. 
_ 20 
E 
. ~ 
c 
co • 
-c" 
10 
o 
c 
0 
Z 
0 
II III IV V VI 'lIt VIII I X • XI XII 
months 
SO UT H M I DD LE N.O R..T..H  (Ii) I. " ( 1'1 ) " .. ( )
""un " (111.0110 11 1.5 " C l~M S '111 . $0."." IU'" 
1 4 .. • . 0 It I • 1 4 • • 10 II I. " .. ID , . .. .. 10 It 14 " I . lO 
" " 10 
~ • 
~• 
• 
• 
0 , 0, 
" 
,L  .. .. • ,,. , " " .. ,,. " " ,,. , " .. .. .. " 
~i8. 105 . Death distribut ion of' chironanids e t various stations A
i.n 1966, in relc:.t. ... on to tl~ oXYGen concentration of' wate r 
at the bott on. 
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NORTH (Yejj) 
B A B 
2 ------c 
f. ..- .-6 -_ . _ .. I , 
! 
! 
10 ! ! 
! 
! 
14 I 
18 
~ 
E 
~ IV,  V,I  VIII X XII II IV , , ' I I 
1966 1967 
.s= SOUTH ( Dodi ) 
+-' 
a. 
0» 2 
-0 
6 • 
10 
14 
18 
22 
Fi g. 106. Depth distribution of bottom f'auna.)( )( 50% 
of t he total s tanding croP;C::~- -r=T9O% of t oo t otal 
standing croP i - · - ·- · - . maximun depth distribution 
of the bot tOll fauna jA--6 is obar of 30% saturation of 
oxygen. Shaded areas indice.te til:! months during 
which the water l evel was ris ' in the Volta Lake. 
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88 
• 000 8 000 • • " I. • 0 , ••  
0. ,f  6 ·OOhrs. 0.' 17·OOh,. • . 
2 
3 
E 
,I  1,  
, " .:" 
, II ' :" 
,,  
CHAOBORIDAE 
6 
CHAOBORIQAE 
7 
8 
o 20 40 60 80 100 
Fi g. 107•  Depth dis tri bution of c . roncmi.d and chaobori d 
l arvae in relati on to the oxygen concentration. 
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89 
lOT r O Illl ' .,UH A 1101 SUBLITTOR AL 
III:T£ KRACH I 
., 
. 
i 
., 
•!  
Fig.10B. Changes in the st2.ndin,g crop of t be bottan 
~aun. in sublittoral (1- 9m de?th) during 
the dry see. son., 
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lOTTO" fAUNA IN IUIL ITTbRAL 
[NO Of' FLOODS - NO\l['''[R KEn: KItACHI 
.•.,  , .,   , 
• 
• 
, 
Fig. 109. Change s in the sta.nd.ing crop of the botton 
fauna in subli ttorel (1- 9m depth) at the end 
of' floods. 
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91 
third 
first stOQI second S tao e stoQe 
N-e ~ ,0  0-" 
'0"  
0"
n 
  
0"  
0 
"c  ~,  ~ 
-c 0 3 ~ " 
.... ... v, XI .. .. v, x, v, x, v, x, , '06' 1968 
Fig.llO. The deve l opcent of' the bottOCl fauna in the Vol te. Lake 
during i ts f i r st £'ive years. Shaded a ree.s indicate the 
seasons with r isinG l eJce water l e vel, f i gures show t he 
ri se in meters far :flood period. 
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92 
PERCENTAGE. A8UN D AN C E. PERCENTAGE STANOING C ROP 
o 20 "0 60 8 0 100 0 20 . 0 60 80 100 
, til f I , I , , I • • • , I , It, I I 
Iffi -9 [1111 [11 [1111 [1111[[1 1111111 [I K PA N 0 u I III [III 111[11111111 [1I11[ II III II [[ [III1[ I 
K E TE KRAC HI I[ [[[ 1I11[ [[ 1I[1I111111[ II [111111111111 [1I1111 [[ [ [ 
Y EJI 1111111 [II [111111 [[ 1111 [III [[ II II ![ [111111[11111[1 
a [[[ [IllIUIIIIIIIIIIIlIIII IIIIII [IIIIJ AM PE M 111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 
~ CHI RON O MIDAE § TRICHOPTERA [llJ POVl lLA • O THER 
.t'i g . l U. Periphytic invertebretes of :t'looded trees in 
May 1969. 
Fig. ll2. 
F.stab lishment of 
Porilla in Volta Lake 
in 1966 and 1967. 
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-- ,-- -- /l- - ,-"" .- "16.113. - . ....- _..  -~. i -- - /'1 Cumulp.. ti ve number .- ,,  - of povilla nymphs '- , - c olleoted trom - . - ! flooded t rees at ,/  ,,  variou", - stations - I / in Iley 1969. 
• • • • 
- -
II I lit KA .. t~ '" 
-
· - /"1 - //il
,  
- , 
• , .. . . .•  ..., • • • " • • 
.~ 
,~ 
". .,,  • 
~ ,• -· •  F18.1]4•  
~ ·• 
I 
•  
• 
• • • Lengt h- weight ,•  ~ ::. • • relationshi p of 
• • f i ve popula t ions ~ •,  I • of Povilla nymphs 
• t .. • 
•" ~ , , , • c ollected from .. • • fl ooded "tree s a t 
~ various s .:.ations - in 1!ey 1969. ~ • 
r " _ ""'f; ... 
t • 1l'. . .. DU 
•..  • 
" 000 1 
, • III T( ll'I&CHI 
• It ¥( J I 
. f • , , • , • • • 
L , NG1 "..  '" .. .· 1"  " " " " " " ~ 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
, DAY$ AFTEA 
IS I' II • I , 5 ., • 
AMPEM " . " 
0 0 0 1 
KETE KRA C HI 
Fig. US. &nergence of Povtll e. t:ar individual stations, 
and for the total Volta !.eke , 1966 - 1968. 
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95 
•, ' . • .. • 
lib 
Fig. ~ Abundance and standing crop (biomass) of invertebrates on inshore 
Cerarophyllum and Pi£tia expressed as percentages by number and by weight 
for the whole observation period. Radius of circles represents 15 per cent of 
the to(al animal population. 
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..... ~ .. • • 
CERATO PHYLLUM 
.. " IIOf 
.. 
,,,.. . .. 
-.. " .. / 
,.I 
.. Mr- f---' r. 
• • , ~, .~ n. ...  ." " . • 
[] "" ..... - -
/17 
Fig. ~Changcs in population of aquatic invertebrates on the inshore Ctr?t()-
plty/fI"", expressed as number and ..... eight of animals per 1000 g dry weight 
of the plants. T he curve in this and subsequent figures shows the rise in water 
level. 
CeRAlOPH~UUM [ PISTIA 
{I. .....}  
"o-OIU ~ .. D "L"~ ,uDIU 
oNu .. IU ".IIG"' D  
o o 
II~. 
F ig. " SUUCIUrc of invertebrate populations of inshore Cerorophyllum and 
Pistia according to their feeding habits. Browsers and filt er-fe<'dcrs: Annelida, 
Mollusca, Crustacea, Ephcmc.roptcra, coleopteran adults (Elminthinae, Hy-
drophilidac), Hemiptera (Corixidac), Culicinac, Chirooomidac, Ceratopogoru. 
dac, Stratiomyidac. Predators: Hydracarina, Odonata, Hemiptera (other than 
Corixidac), coleopteran larvae, coleopteran adults (Dytiscidoe). 
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CERATOPHVLLUM 
+, ..' . • • 
I. HU"~"""" 
119' • • DI~T[ '" 
Fig. I Abundance lind standing crop (biomass) of invcrlebrlltes of inshore and 
off-shore Ceratophy llum, expressed as percentages by number and by weight 
for February, M arch and April. R adius of circles represents I S per cent of the 
three months population. 
..... ~ .. • 
PISTIA 
n 
I Ij' 
n 
.. 
... " " " 
.. I 
• • -11 on •"  ". , 
C ....... N . • ""IGH1 ( . .... ) 
/l0· r " 
Fig.p Changes in population 0 aquatic Invertebrates living on Pislia, exp ressed 
as n umber and weight of animals per 1000 g dry weight of the plants. 
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1\1. • • Fig. 121. 
201000 
PISTIA 
Changes in 
population 01' 
, aqua tic inverte-
'M brates l iving on 
Pis tie, expressed 
as number end 
weight of' animals 
. per 1000 g dry 
". ••  weight of the 
plants ' roots. 
100000 
... •,  V 
~oooo ... , '1/ 
, 
• • • ,u, '" OCT 
o N UM &ER 
... .. ~. .. . 
PISTIA 
". . • .. 
.. 
.. 
". . • .. .. 
... • " .. V 
V 
.. i-----
• • ". ."  ... .,.  . ......... ... "" " , ", '" ( ., ) 
Ill . 
Pig.1" Changes in po~ulation o~ aquatic invertebrates living on Pislia, express. 
cd as number and weight of arumals per 1m". 
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CERATOPHYLLUM PISTIA 
•••••••  
"0 .. ~u,. .o  
,",0..,. ..
"
.
..
 
'  ,.  " M 
.. ""nl~A ".to. 0·' , ... .. 
>0. ,., 
",OlLUIC" ':::i]~LI 
~ 
,".  ...
....  .. 
....  • ",  ,".  
CRUn...:'" 
".. 0" ....
>  . .".  , " [). o 
.. ·· J"l 
/tveuc. .. ' .... ,.oo"  .•,  ''-~====:::n: :::====~• == 
• .. "OR . pA ..... J"~ JUL Aue; OtT ~"'" 
University of G1h0a0 na http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
., CERATOPHYLLUM PISTIA 
:.:..:.:.: f:"l 
..... H 
I .. ~ .... _nh. ...... 
.._.. : .. j.~. 1-.u.r_I _ ~~~~ _ 
DD JYGOO""''' 
.0'" " • • • N'SO ...... 
....0  " 
."..'N.. .. 
000""" .....  .".  
"..'N..  ....  , 
"'. ...'.."..   .".  " 
".,. . ,...., 
..... ,. ...... •. ... 1"1 •• ON. ~ J'~ ,., ... j".j . ....... -[I 
<;0<. 00'''''' ....· . Hl l 
, , -
'...... .........  ~.- ... 1  CO c~' '''NO .. ,D.~ C . CULIC' .. AE 
..... ' >I~ 
.. 0" . , 
•. ,.1 •• 
o"TU" ...... .. ,
,. . .....  .H.  
,,-, n 
................... _UN .... ...c  OCT 
123. 
Fig. ,. Changes in ~b.und3ncc ~nd standing crop of individual taxa of aquatic 
invertebrates on Pima and on mshorc Ceratophylillm. 
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101. 
... ... ..,  "" m ... 
..
•
..
•
  
 
~,  ,"
'... .
.  
~ ' . 
 
i ,,,.'  
,
,..  ..  
, '"". <  , .".  ~
<.  .. , ,\
'"  ... " 
~ 
,;  .. . /.. \:: 
t.. J;-., ,;.. 
, .' , , ,
/ '., / 
'. - · 
" 
~ 
! .•
" 
,~  ... 
 
 
~ 
" 
, ./ 
':l.I/: ,",U AP" .. AT JUH JUL ,,"UG SI.. OcT NOY 
Fig~" Variation in transparency. oxygen content, temperature and total iron 
in the Gorge region of the Volia Uikc. 
, , , • • • , , , • , • , • 
......n lD. . 00 
c. u.""cu. •• 0•  
K~"" ...." "tI:. ... 
aRATOPHYLLUM 
000"" . . 0 •0 0 
('''SliO • • ) 
~ I .".rl." 0 • 
0 ...... 0 . 0 
.... .. nID. . 0 •• 
c..._..
u.. .... -c:_ .. .. A,A' u. 0 0 • •• PISTIA 00• . 
1fI .. ,nIU 0 0 000 
D.""" ,0  , , , ,0  , ,0  , ,0  
,,s, 
Fig. 1:0 Peak period of abundance of the most common invertebrate groups on 
CU Qtophy /lllm and on Pif tia, calcuhltcd per 1000 g dry plant matter. For each 
group the total for all, m?":ths in which observations were made is taken as 
100 and the values for individual months expressed as percentages of this total. 
The peak periods of abundance (30% or more) arc indicated by e , 29.9 - 20 
by 0 . 19.9- 10 by 0 ; less lhan 10% not shown. 
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f E B ,","" AP I! " UG OCT N OV 
U ,., c . " ",~ " 
(c" 
''' .'0 •'0•" ''" ....) _  
(' ~ ' . Q" ) 
= 
~ 
.0 
CLO(O" 
'0 
.•' •  
C[ R" rO ."VllU '" '0 
(' M ho .. ) " . 0 
,,
, 
~    
'0 
PIS 1 , ... 
C[ A ... rO PHYLlU ,", 
(Iutl " " , 
CtI ,AO NO lol D lE 
C [AA1 0P"YLLU ... 
( ,,, . ho, . ) 
Pllil' .. 
Va ria tion in abundance of Cloeon , Pseudegr ion 
end Chironooti.dae on inshore Cera tophyllum and 
Pis t ia. 
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, curren t c _/sec 
" ..0  
NEOPERLA SPIO ---------- ,  1"18.127. 
8AETlS SP. I -------===--- ------- Tol erance and 
PSEUOOC LOEON SP. I -------.- ------1 pref erence for 
C HOROTERPES t======------- different current 
TRVCOAVTHUS velocities o-r 
C AEN I OAE SP . I some bottom 
living organisms 
AETHALOPTERA fran the Bl eck 
AMPHIPSVCHE Volta River. 
CHE UtoIATOPSYCHE SP,I 
PSEUOOLEPTOCEAUS SP. I 
POTAt.lOCARES 
POTAt.lOOYTES 
ST £NELMIS 
PACHVELMIS 
C A IC OTOPUS 
10000 
CHEUMATOPSTCHE 
gig.l28. 
TRI CO RYTHUS 
E 1000 
.;-
- SOO CorreIa tion 
"-'- CHOAOTEAPES between the -E current velocity C and abundance 
c 
<r of some b at tan 
a"  10. living organisms 
- of t he Black 0 " Vol ta River rapids. 
~ LE PTOPHLElJIIOAE 
~ 
~ 
E 
~ 
0 10 , 
" " '40 , curr~nt ve loclty cm; ~ec " " '. . 
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--
-- o - '"21 -_ -•• I ~ __u o __"  ____." _._ _____  , 
'---
'-• -• '-__a .-''-_________ _ [1 .11 -- -"•  - • 
-' -- ,:- • -, - ,•.  • 
'-- -" [J • -.L-______. ....._ _ .L-."'_ _ 1._ _ _ 
.. ! , : ..  
-! ~ ! i ~ 
:t:  i_  ,i  . l . ~ " ~ 
Fig. 129. Canparison of' abundance end ste.ndi.n,g crop of 
bottom fauna at dit'ferent rates of' current :flO'if in 
the Bl ack Volta River rapids. 
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• 105 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Fig.130. Mouth parts of Crioo- Fig. l31. l! outh part s of trcUS sp,2 lerva Chironomini sp.l l arve 
Chironanide.e) (Chironanidae) 
• 
• 
• 
Mouth perts of 11 ou th parts of 
Chironomini sp.2 larva Stictochironomus sp,l 
(Chironanidae) larva ( Ch1.ronomidae 
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106 
fOOD Of fiSH (1'165/ 66) 
,ucnu.C:1 
CO"'OiITION 
HIGH!!:A PLA"'T $ 
AOU ATI C INSECTS 
J>! U D l O T T O M DEPOS IT S 
FIS H fl · I 
TERR E S TR IAL INSECT S I I • J 
PHVTOPL A N j(T O H AND P L "'HICTO H I C D ETRITUS .", 
AUFWUCHS , " , 
t OO PI- ANKl O '" ", 
Food of commercial 1'ish species of' the Vol te. Leke 
in 1965 end 1966. Ce.lcu1..ated for tl:ose fish species 
which on senrtU occasions constituted l~~ or more 
of the t ote.l ceo tch by ntmber . 
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Tabl es 1 t o 47 
'rable \ 
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s_llDs rx.quonoy at nrl._ atationa cI \"be Volta Lan from 1965 to 1968. 
aonth J .... :reb. Kar. April Ka;y JUllil July AU&. Sept. Oot. Nov. Deo. 
Station Year 
Akolcabo 1965 + + + + + + + + 
1966 + + + + 
Doai 1%5 + + + + 
1966 + + + + + 
1967 + + + 
1968 + + + + + + 
)(pOZlll. .. 1966 + + + + + + 
1967 + + + 
1968 + + + + + + 
x.te Jtraoh1 1966 + + + + + + 
1967 + + + 
1968 + + + + + + 
reJ1 1966 + + + + + 
1967 + + + 
1968 + + + + + + 
Mip- 1%5 + 
1966 + + + 
1967 • + 
1968 + + + + + + 
'!abl.2 
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s __t eorolOS1ool ute tor tM Yalta I.aIr:oI. ba_ GIl obaerwationa 1'rca De_be. . 
1967 to 1&D11&1'7 1969. 
Stati. .. 'lliIIPXlIUVlII( "c) JIIIIIIII'9'(jI _to) IIU PlllI8atJU WillA ap 
II1z>. IWr. .... II1z>. IWr. ._ JI_ ......,   No. rI ot .tIlth. 
II1z>. IWr. - -
(mm of !!g) (c:n/ •• c) ob • • oble". 
- 07. 00 2Ito2 }:I. 7 :iS.l SIo 71> '3.' 29.5 29. 8 29. 6 8 3.3 , , 
2l.oo 26.0 3202 28.7 52 70 60. , 29. 5 2!108 29. ' 1,1) 11.1 8 6 
IIODI 07. 00 2IiU }:I.7 28. 8 61 65 '3 29. ,. 29. 6 29. 5 12 6.7 3 3 
2looo 26.1 }l. 7 28. 6 60 7} 61,.5 29. " 2!10' 29. 6 12 , . 6 
.. 
} 
11'_ 3 
07. 00 2,5.0 }l.' :is. 6 63 7} 67.} 29. 5 29. ' 29. 6 15 7.6 20 , 
21. 00 21002 3202 29. 2 57 7,. 61,.6 29. } 2,. , 2!106 20 11.,. 20 , 
lED lIR.4af 07. 00 25. 5 }l. 7 29." 60 7} 66.0 29. } 29. 8 29. 6 I} 7. 7 18 , 
IIIIoCIII 
2l.oo 26.,. }2. 8 30.1 108 70 61. 8 29. 2 29. 7 29. 5 25 10. 3 18 , 
07. 00 2}. 8 }l. 7 28.} SO 71> 67.3 29.5 29. 8 29. 6 13 7.6 18 JI 
2l.oo :110.0 32. 5 28. , 1,1) 71> sa. 9 29. 2 29. 7 29.5 26 10. 1 18 8 
JlPAI1A 07. 00 25.0 33. 3 28.1 sa 75 67. ,. 29. 10 29. 8 29. 6 6 3. 8 6 5 
2l.00 25.0 37. 2 30. 0 52 78 6l.,. 29. /0 29.6 29. 5 8 3.8 , S 
'!'able 3 
UnpiHv aendr s. liltrayll  noit fy  Gat hAakon.cabo ,h Jtatnpuar:,/y/ 1u96g5 s-pJual,yc 1e96.6u. g.edu.gh
pH allraH lIl t,. (ag caCO,ll) 
Depth (. ) s· 1 3 S 7 9 11 17 S 1 :5 5 7 9 11 17 
Ilate t1M 
22.1.1965 11.00-11.30 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 
17.3.1965 09.~3O 6.8 6. 8 6. J,. 6.6 6.6 6.5 
20.3.1965 a.,00-11.3O 6.0 6. 6 6.6 6.6 
.7.10.1965 11.oo.l6.3O 7.1 6. 9 6. 6 6.6 6.6 
22.3.1965 1O.oo.lO.lo.5 6. 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 
25.6.1965 1O.J.S-11.3O 6.9 6.8 6.6 6. 6 6.6 
2It. 7.1965 09.30-10.15 6.7 6.7 6.7 6. 7 
2.9.1965 OB.30-09.SO 6.6 6. 6 6. 6 6. 6 J,.5. 0 J,-6.0 loJo..O 51.0 
21.10.1965 09.~0.15 7.0 6.9 6. 6 6. 5 6. J,. J,.l.0 Jo.O.o 35.0 Jo.O . O U.O 
27.11.1965 09.~0.3O 7.0 6.9 6. 7 6.7 6.7 37.0 37.0 Jo.O.O Jo.O .O 1,.2.0 
~.1.1966 09. :;0..10. OS 6.9 6. 9 6.8 6.8 6.8 37.0 37.0 38.0 38.0 1,.2.0 
17.3.1966 oa."~10 6.7 6.7 6. 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 105.0 105.0 J,.5. 0 J,.8. 0 J,.8.0 J,.8. 0 
1905.11" 09.~.3O 7.0 6.9 6. 8 6.8 J,.5.0 1oS.0 loJo..O 1,.2.0 
l2.7.1966 08.30-08,"5 6.9 6.9 6. 9 6. 9 Jo.3.0 loJo..O loJo..O J,.3.0 
· S .. SURPACB 1IMl!Il. 
rula/t. 
UnivepHrs aintdy a Jokafl 1G", Vh a~tn DaocJ 1h, Dttop_:b/a/ru 1g96s5 p- alI.c,..e..b.our g19.6e8.d u.gh
, , pi! , alkaHntt,' (as caC03,ll) 1Iop-<.) • 1 7 11 11+ 17 20 2S s 1 , 5 7 , 11 V. 17 20 2S 
!lou • !1ao 
10.l2,'5 17.CIO-l8.00 7.3 7.' 7.' 7.' 7.3 7.' 7.' SO.O SO.O so.o SO.o SO.O SO.o SO.O 
2l.4." 17.J.So,l7.SO 7.5 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.:. 42.0 38.0 40.0 40. 0 1tO. 0 42.0 38.0 
29.'-" oe.-'U 6,,9 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.0 lt4.0 lt4.0 43.0 lo.5.0 lo.5. 0 
ll.8." llooo..JMO 7.1 7.0 7.0 6. 6 6.8 4'.0 4300 lo.3.0 4,.0 43.0 
a. ,." 15.00-15030 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 4200 lt4.0 lt4.0 46.0 46. 0 
1O.ll." oe.lO-ll.30 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.' 7.1 7.l. 7.0 6. 7 1tO.0 43,0 39.0 4200 lo.2.0 43.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 43.0 
10.1.'7 ~» 7.2 7. 2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7. 2 7.1 7.l. 7. 2 4200 440 4200 42.0 lo.2.0 4200 lo.2.0 42. 0 42.0 
5. ,..67 oe.~.l0 7.2 7.1 7.3 ~ 7.1 7.2 7.3 48.0 4}. 0 46.0 46.0 45.0 lt4.0 
"J.67 1O.4H2." 7.4 7.2 7. 2 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.1 7. 2 7.2 43.0 lo.3.0 ".0 4200 4200 4'.0 1tO.0 38.0 lt4.0 
lO.1." "'&G9.!iO 43.0 46.0 46.0 48.0 46. 0 
12.3.a "'25-10.. 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7. 2 7. 2 7.1 7.0 41.0 43.0 4}.0 46.0 47.0 lo.5.0 lo.5. 0 46.0 
l5050'' oe.15-1O.05 7.~ 7.lo. 7.lo. 7.3 7.} 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.1 44.0 lo.2.0 lo.3.0 43. 0 44.0 lo.'.O lo.7.0 lo.3.0 lo.7.0 lo.3.0 
ll. 7." ot.GO-lO.30 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7. 2 7. 0 7.2 7.1 lo.3. 0 43. 0 42. 0 42.0 1tO. 0 42.0 41.0 41. 0 42.0 
16,,,,. ~OO..u.u 7.2 7olt- 7.3 7.lo. 7.2 7.3 7.2 41.0 38.0 39.0 38.0 ItO. 0 1tO.0 41. 0 
1'.11.68 11.50-13.30 7.5 7.1 7.' 7.' 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.3 lt4.0 1tO.0 4200 41.0 42.0 43.0 46. 0 lo.3.0 1,3.0 
Table 5 
UnpiHv ersityond . 1h l1 no1fty  Ghanaa t rpOlldu.  http://ugs7 obrull1')' 1966 -pace.ug.edu.ghlIav. .b or 1968. 
pH al kel1nl t7 (116 caC0Yl) 
JIIp\ll (a) S 1 } 5 7 9 11 14 17 20 s 1 } 5 7 9 11 17 
Da. !'WI 
12.20" l2.lO 6., SO.O 
22.~" 1l.lO-U.lO 7.S 7.1 6.9 l,.2.0 44.0 /O}.O 
1.7." ~5-11.lO 7.} /O}.O 104.0 104.0 /05. 0 
~ .. " 7.3 7.3 7.0 6. 9 104.0 7. /0 7.2 6. 8 44.0 1ol. 0 44.0 10.,." 08.00-1O~ 7.2 ~.7 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.8 7. 2 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 /05. 0 '" 
11.11." lO."5-11.55 7.3 7. 3 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.7 /03.0 43.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 ,.,..0 
11.1.67 07.,...11.lO 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.0 42.0 /02.0 1ol.0 1.0.0 1ol.0 SO.O SO.O 
7.~'7 10.(10..11.00 70S 7. /0 7. /0 7.6 7./0 7. 5 7.0 43.0 42.0 lt3.0 1ol.0 1ol.0 l,.6.0 /03. 0 
10.11.67 lJ.3O-17.lO 7.S 7.5 6.9 7. S 6.9 7. 3 7.0 7./0 102.0 l,.2.0 44.0 102.0 102. 0 43.0 lt3. 0 Iol. O 
l2.1." 08.00-0t.2D 7. /0 7. /0 7. /0 7./0 7.4 7. 4 7.4 7.4 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 4}. 0 43.0 4}.0 
l4."" lO.u.u.25 7.10- 7. 6 7.6 7.4 7.4 7. 4 7.4 44.0 }6.0 /O}.O 102.0 44-.0 /oS.O 1ol.0 
17."" !s.]O.,17.00 70S 7.S 7.5 7.5 7. /0 711 6. 9 7.} 7. 2 lt3. 00 44.0 /03.0 /07.0 1,.5. 0 /03.0 /oS.O 45.0 /05. 0 
l2.7." 
ID.,." 1O,000U.}O 7.7 7.7 7. /0 7. /0 7. 2 7.2 7.2 7.1 6. 9 /05.0 104.0 44-.0 loI.. O 104.0 J,$ 106.0 /03.0 102.0 1O.l.O-l3.105 7.S 6.8 7.1 6. 9 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.0 104.0 SO.O 4}.0 SO.O 102.0 45.0 /05.0 45.0 /05. 0 
2l.11." l2.lO-15.00 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.1 6. 9 7.0 6. 9 7. 1 6.8 106.0 Io2.Q 102.0 1ol.0 37.0 100.0 100. 0 42.0 }7.0 
or ....l . 6 
UnivpHe ornsd iatlyb lioDf1 1G;y aht aItentea h 'haothtl.p, :J/'o/burugorsy p19a66c -elI.ouvagab.oer d19u68. •g h
pI! • 1 >:all llH ,. (lI8I'CacOy'l) 
»0,. (a) • 1 5 7 9 11 14 17 20 25 s 1 5 7 9 I:l 14 17 20 25 
Da1io !1M 
",2." Uooo 7.1 36.0 
u..\." 10._50511 7.3 7.3 7.2 6. 8 39.0 39. 0 38.0 42.0 
2.7." 7." 7." 7.1 6.8 44.0 '-3. 0 ~.o 
5. .."  7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 1,.'.0 '-3.0 40. 0 
l2."" 17.30-.18.00 6,8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 . 6.8 6. 8 37.0 40. 0 38. 0 40. 0 ~.O 10-2. 0 10-2. 0 
",11,66 16,20-17.15 7.1 6,9 6. 7 6. 9 6.8 7.1 6.9 6. 9 38. 0 Jo.l.O 1,.7.0 1,.7.0 1,.9.0 ,..0 }S. O 37. 0 '" 
l4.1.'J 11,0G-l2,20 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6. 9 Jo.l.O 1,.3. 0 10-2. 0 44.0 ~.O 4J.. O 42.0 ~.O 46. 0 
M.'7 o,.loO-l.O,4O 7.7 7.6 7.5 7." 6. 9 44.0 40.0 1,.0. 0 1,.0. 0 64..0 
l2.11,'J 10.35-11,,,, 7.0 6.9 7. 2 7.2 7.6 7.5 7.5 6. 9 4J.. 0 4J.. 0 38.0 38. 0 40.0 4J.. 0 39. 0 39.0 
l4.1." o,.ao-.lO.3S 7.3 7." 7. ' 7. ' 7.3 7.3 ,.3.9 }S.O 36.0 42. 0 40.0 35. 0 
U,3." 01,30-11,. 7." 7.3 7.0 6. 9 6. 9 6. 5 1,.0. 0 1,.3.0 "3. 0 SO.O 
1,,5." 10.15-17.00 7.1 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.1 6. 9 37.0 39.0 40. 0 40.0 36.0 40.0 }S. O "3.0 
l4.7." o,.Uo12.oo 6" 7.0 6. 9 6. 9 6.9 1.1 6. 8 7.0 7.1 7.0 Jo.l.O 37. 0 36. 0 38.0 37.0 }S.O 36.0 37. 0 }S.O 37.0 
]4.10." 01,15-10.1,5 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.9 6. 9 6.7 6. 6 33. 0 36.0 }4.0 30.0 }4.0 1,.2,0 32,0 31. 0 31. 0 31. 0 33.0 
25.11,,, 09.~.35 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 7. 2 7. 0 6. 9 6. 9 }S. O 36. 0 35. 0 }4.0 }4.0 35.0 35.0 33.0 32.0 32,0 
Table 7 
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pH and . 'kali nity at Y. j1, April 1966 - Nov ber 1968. 
pH alJ<all n1 1<1 (mg Caco';l ) 
Depth (.) S 1 3} 7 9 II l.J,. 17 20 ZS S 1 3 5 7 9 II 14 17 20 2S 
Da'" f!.o 
25. ... " oa.55-1O.00 6.9 6. 9 6.9 7.1 7.1 7.0 6. 9 44.0 43.0 41+.0 45. 0 45. 0 45.0 48.0 
"7." 17.~MO 7.1 6.7 7.0 7.0 37.0 4l.0 }Il. O 33. 0 
6.&''' lD.50-11.15 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 6. 6 40.0 38. 0 41. 0 
16.,." 06.~.loO 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 35.0 35.0 26.0 36.0 }Il. O }Il. O 
l5.11." 1'-05-17028 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.6 6. 5 6.7 6. 6 38.0 }Il. O 34.0 }Il. o 36. 0 32. 0 38. 0 }4.0 
1'-1.67 ll.~» 7.1 7.1 7.1 7. 0 6. 9 6.8 6.7 42. 0 38. 0 42. 0 39. 0 43.0 40. 0 43.0 
11. ... 67 09.]0-18.00 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.0 6. 8 39.0 41. 0 39.0 40. 0 41.0 42. 0 56.0 
11,.11.67 l4.loD-1M5 6" 619 7.0 6. 9 6. 8 6.8 6. 9 7.0 38. 0 42. 0 36.0 38. 0 39.0 }Il.O 38.0 36.0 
17.1.68 09.1WO.15 7.0 7.1 7.1 38.0 40.0 36. 0 32. 0 }Il. O 35.0 38. 0 
aD .... 68 11.oo-.u.~5 6,8 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.1 6.7 45.0 43. 0 41. 0 40. 0 42. 0 42. 0 42. 0 42.0 50. 0 
2l.So68 11.DO-U.50 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.7 38.0 }Il. O 39. 0 41.0 11.0 39.0 4l.0 40.0 40. 0 
1'-1.6' l5.5~5J 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 6. 9 6.9 40.0 38. 0 41. 0 . 38.0 40.0 39.0 39.0 37. 0 40.0 
1'-10.68 oe. :IO-.U.15 6.9 6.7 6.9 6. 6 6.8 7.0 6. 9 6. 9 7.1 6.9 34.0 33. 0 34.0 27. 0 35. 0 37.0 35. 0 40. 0 38.0 35.0 
115.11.68 U.~.» 6.9 7. 0 6.9 6.7 6. 7 6.7 6.6 6.8 6. 9 38. 0 4l.0 41.0 37.0 34.0 35.0 33. 0 37.0 37.0 
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pH oDd old" n1 1;y at .lmp_. Deoaaber 1965 - De_ber. 1968. 
, pH a11oo11n11;y (118 CaCOy 1) ..,\11 (a) a 1 7 9 11 J.4. 17 20 s 1 7 9 11 J.4. 17 20 
Dote !1M 
7.12.65 17.00-l7,20 6.9 SO.O 
1102." u,,00-lJ.50 7. ' 7.3 7.3 6.7 6,7 6,5 6. 1 48. 0 48. 0 49.0 55. 0 55. 0 49. 0 75. 0 
18."''' l6. 200.17.00 6,7 6,8 6. 6 6. 6 6. 5 56,0 so.o 59. 0 55.0 57.0 
"12." G7. iIDoG8. lO 6,9 6,8 6. 9 6.7 7. 0 6.7 6,1 6.6 54,0 54,0 53. 0 53.0 51.~ 54,0 52,0 sa.o 
l8,s,,? 1",lO.,17.00 7. 2 6.9 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.4 45. 0 45.0 45. 0 52. 0 SO.O 47. 0 48.0 
111.12.67 lO,S!Ipo12,50 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7. 0 7.0 46,0 48.0 47.0 44.0 47.0 47. 0 SO. O 46.0 
21.1," l6.,lO.,17~S 7.1 7.4 7. 0 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.2 Sl .O 55. 0 45. 0 49. 0 52. 0 46. 0 59.0 
21.~1I 1"000l7.oo 7./0. 7.6 7. 5 6.7 7.1 6. 9 7.1 6. 7 48.0 52,0 47.0 49.0 45.0 47.0 46. 0 49.0 
""..I "I  !MW6.25 7.2 8. 4 7.2 6. 9 6. 8 6. 8 7. 0 6. 2 SO.O SO.O 46. 0 SO.O 47. 0 SO. O 51.0 74,0 ." l5.00016.50 7.2 6.7 6.7 6. 6 7. 0 7. 1 7.1 6. 2 53.0 38. 0 41 ... 0 40.0 54. 0 55.0 56. 0 32,0 33.0 
e.lO." o,.lWs,oo 7.5 7.1 7.4 7. 3 6.8 7.0 6. , 6. 6 6. 4 54,0 55. 0 Sl.O 51.0 55.0 /0.,.0 55. 0 55.0 56.0 
"12.11 ~2Ns.50 7.6 7.5 7.1 7.1 6. 9 6.7 7.0 6,7 6.5 6. 5 SO.O /0.'. 0 47. 0 /0.9. 0 48.0 48.0 SO.O SO.O 49.0 51.0 
'tabl., 
_ nol (absoUluntei vIllellbresrsi)t yo f oAf lGl_h. ainn baot th ..t t_p:/l/.us gats nprlOa1clae a.tuetglo.nea dinu 1.9g65h-1968 t ogetbor 
. U II i t. _ at depth U.tributl .... 
UlS." 1967 1968 
_ In II IY 1% vnTm II II XII I IT T II XII I II mITT 1'1 VII VIII II X II XII'rotel 
S,k U. 1 2 X I I X 0 I 38 I X /0. X 17 X 18 X 8 I:13X2X, I IS 133 
• 5 XO 0 12 3 3 I 311 7 X 0 X 0 I 12151 1 I 3} 
It I 17 , I 2 0 9 7 X 5 It I 1 I 1 X It X o X o X o X 6 I 62 
II 121711 1 11 6 I S OX 3 I 0 X11X i I 1 I X 0 6 X 65 
r I X, 1/0. 3 128 X22 /0.15 X 3 X I /o. 1 I 2 I X 1 2 1119 
foUl 
35 :IJo 38 }5 9 It " 17 ,. 18 15 12 3 13 5 2 56 1525/0.12 
I 
, The range at dep til diltributl on (. .)  
2 2-3 X I I I 0 I 1.5- I 
6 1 1 X 1-3 I 1-9 
lot X 0 0 1 1-10 1-15}-lS I 1-21 5 X }-17 X 0 X 0 X 5 I 5-11 X }-15 X 9 I 
It I 1-7 1-3 I 1-3 o 1-6 3-15 X °i6"" 3-10. X 7 I 1 I 1-1' I o X o I o X 1-5 I 
II I 1-7 1,.7 1 9 1 1-} 1. 5- X 3 0 X 1 X o X 11 X 
5 1 I 9 I I o 3 X 
r 1 I 1-5 1 1-7 3 -11 1-15 'i8 1 0. 5- 0. 5- X 1-5 3 11. 5 I 3 I I 1-7 1 I 5-7 I I 14 1-3 X 
A. .,., D z:: Dodi, ltP II Kpandu; u: • kete Xn.chi; T ... Tej1. 
L DO ...p l ea. 
'fable 10 
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.,.,'M'. 00crarN_ (abloluto "".bora) cI llrenoh1odrUWI and Dora ill bott"" """Ploa at 'VBrloua .tatl.OIlo 111 1965-1968, 
Uf5.r6 1967 1968 
m n: IV VI vn VIII IX XI XII I IV V XI III I II III IV V VI vn VIII IX 1 JI III Total . 
o 0 I I I I o I 0 1 I 0 1 0 I 1 1 101 010 
• 1 0 6 D o I 0 o 1 o o o 1 001 o I o I OIOIOIO I o I -
IP I 0 0 I 0 o o o 1 001 o 1 o I 01010101 o 1 
II -I 1 5 I 1 o 1 11 1 o 0 I o 1 o 1: 0 I o 1 0 I X o 1 9 
T I I 0 I 0 o o I 211 1 I 3 I I 0 
- 1 I 3 I X 1 o - X 16 !.tal 1 5 • 1 1 2 1 - 1 • 3 5 1 1 - 3 - 1 31 
-.& o 0 I I I I o 1 0 1 10 I 0 1 o I 0 XOIOX0 1 99 
• o I 1 1 I o o 1 I 001 o I o I o 1 OXOXOI01 3 
IP I 2 0 I 0 o o o I 001 o I o 1 o 1 0101010X2 
II I 0 2 I 0 o o o I o 0 I o I 1 x o I OIOXX0114-
t I I 2 1 0 o 1 o I 001 1 I o I 1 0 
- 0 10XIOOI 4-!~ 2 5 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 9 22 
!'able 11 
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__ (abaolut. Duabo ...)  at lIullllua tnmoatua rohlf'd. (AudouiD) 111 bott.. ....p lea at var1_ atotiona 
y 1~1968 together with range at depth dl.atr1butioo. 
1967 1968 
a__ - m D IT VI nI nIl n II III I IV V XI 1lI I II III IV V VI nI VIII IX I II III f otal 
A • 0 I I I x 6 I 1 I I 1 I ~ I 10 X 16 I , I I 1 X , 7 5' o I 0 0 I o o 0 x 1 0 I 1 1010101 o I o 1 0 x 2 
II' I 1 0 I 0 o 1 0 X o 0 I 0 IOIOIOX o I o I 0 I 2 
II I 0 1 I 0 o o 0 X o 0 I 0 XOIOIOI o X 100 I 1 
Y I I 0 I 1 o 2 07 X o 0 I 0 XOXXOOI o X x 0 0 I 3 
!otol o 1 1 0 1 o , 0 1 1 0 1 1 o o 1 0 7 67 
!rho range at depth cI1.tr1bution (m) 
A o 0 I I I I 2-~ X 1. 5 X I 0.5 I 2-3 I 1- 10 X 1-5 X 1-3 I 3 I ,~ I 1-3 
» o 1 0 0 X 0 o 0 1 5 0 1 3 1 o x 0 X 0 X o 1 o x 0 x 
II' I 2 0 X 0 0 .. 0 I 0 0 x 0 X o 1 0 1 0 I o I o lOX 
II X 0 1 X 0 0 o 0 x 0 0 X 0 o lOX 0 1 o x I 0 0 I 
1 I X 0 1 2. 5 0 3 0 X 0 0 1 0 1 o I X 0 0 X o I x 0 0 1 
'f.ble 12 
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a- (.b.olute nuobora) ~ O.traoada i n batt. ..." "Pl •••t  nnoUi .uti. ... in 1965 - 1%8 t 06ltbor wi tb 
..... fit IIptb cI1.trl.bution" 
1968 
In II IT VI VII VIII IX VI XII I IT V U U I I II III IT V VI VII VIII IX 1 II III 7 otal 
.t. lD.lOII II 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 o 1 1 I 5 X 21 I aI I I }S 107 
D ,100 10 o 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 o I 0 I 0 I a I a I } 
IP 1 2.1 00 o 0 1 0 0 1 0 101 o 1 0 1 a I 0 I 0 1 2 
II 1031 00 o 0 1 1 0 1 0 lOX a X 0 X 0 X x 7 0 1 11 .... 
T 1 I 0,  1 2 0 a 0 1 o 6 I 0 I o ]: I a a I o x x a 0 8 '" !otol 2 - 1 1 1 6 2 1 5 2l 8 }5 131 
no range ot: deptb distribution (m) 
.t. 1-11-311 11 0. 5 X X 1 x 1 x It- I x 3 x 1-7 
D UIOO IO o 0 X o 0 1 0 1 o I o I a I o lOX 0 X 
IP 11-301 00 o 0 o 0 1 0 o 1 o I o 1 a x 0 I 0 1 
II 101-71 00 o 0 1 10 • 1 0 I o X a X a x o I I 1-2 Q X 
T 1 1 0 1 2. 5 0 o 0 o 1~5- 1 0 I o X a a a I a I X 0 0 I 
fable U 
__ ( abaolutU. Bnlaibvsrea)r s~i tCyy oolof.t hGor1ha ab1nalaop ih Btat1prd: /1/8u bgotst"p" a_cleea.u agt .1'earidOWul .g.tahtions 18 1965-1968 
....h r with l'O!l6e or clepth di.tr1buti_ 
1~1~ 1967 1968 
-~ m II IY VI lD: vnI IX II XII I IV V U III I II III IV V VI VII vnI IX X U III Total 
Suti. . 
• o 10 I I I I o I o X I 8 I o X 1, X 5 X 3 X , X 1 I 15 58 
J 1 I ,. 1 I o o 0 x 0 0 I 0 x o I 0 I o X o I o I 0 I 6 
IP I 2 } I 0 o o 0 I 0 0 I 0 I o I 0 I o I o I o I 0 I -5 
II: I 2 0 I 0 o o 0 X o o X 0 I o I o I o I • 0 0 I 2 
r X X 0 I 0 1 o 0 o o I 0 I o I I o o X o X 100 I 1 
fetol 1 110 7 1 1 - - - - 13 - 5 - , - , 1 15 72 
The range or c1epth dhtr1bution (II) 
o I o x 0.5 X o I 1 x 1 X 1-' I 1-5 1. 1 X 1-, 
J 1 I 7..,U I o o 0 I o o X 0 I o I o o I o X 010 I 
IP X 31-51 0 o o 0 o o X 0 I o I 0 X o I o I o I 0 I 
II: Il-30 xo o o 0 o o X 0 I 010 I o X o I 100 I 
r I X 0 I 0 7 o 0 x o o I 0 x o I I o o I o X x 0 Q I 
fable ~ 
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o. 2U 51 (ab.ola te "labera) ~ ib'ilAoar1I1a 1" bott. . _leo at various .tati.". 1111965-1968 i _thor wl.th 
_ tI depth 41.tr1buUan. 
_til m II IT U VII VIII II II XII I IV V XI XII I II III IV V U VII VIII II I II III Total 
8taU_ 
, 0 1. X 1. l OX C 1. X 0 I 5 X 7 I 6 X 11 I o 10 I123l57 
2 I 2 0 I o 0 5 X o o I 0 I 0 I o I 0 I 0 I o I 0 I 
IP I ) 0 X 0 o 0 0 1 o I 0 x 0 X o I 0 I 0 I o lO X 
lit I 0 0 I 0 D 0 0 I o D I 0 X 0 X o X 0 I 0 I X 0 1 X 1 
T I I 0 I 0 o 0 0 x o o I 0 l O X x o 0 I 0 I I 0 0 X -
'*1 , ) 2 - - - - J - 1 - 5 - 7 6 11 - 1 123 171 
, The ruge ~ dept h 41 .tr1buti." (. ) 
2-50 I I I I 0 I o 1. lOX 2-5 I 2 I 1-} I 1-7 I o I 0 I 1-7 
• 14 I ~ 0 X x o o X 0 1 01 o I 0 x o I o I 0 I 
IP I 1~ 0 I 0 I 0.5 0 I 0 1 01 o I 0 x o I 0 1. 0 I 
lit I 0 0 I 0 o 0 0 I 0 0 X 0 x 0 X o X 0 I o X I 0 3 X 
t I I 0 I 0 o 0 0 I 0 0 I ~ I ~ I I o 0 I o I I 0 0 I 
'fable 15 
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Ooourro""" (aboolute Zl. ..b or" or t he _he or Portlla adueto llan.o in bott. .. _1. . at various 
otat1_1 in 1965-1968 t<>sethor with r &!l!;o of c!<Ipth diltribut1on. 
1968 
- m II IT 11 VII VIII n: n nI r IV V n In: r n: rrr IV V 11 VII VIII n: I n In Total 
Stat1. 
0011 11 0IO I x 13 I 0 x 7 x 47 I S I 3 I 0 X 
• 211257 1 8 2~ .l 3 26 x 2 X 1 I 0 X 2 I 0 X 0 I 7 X 195 
IP I'll 151+ Jl 3ltl X 28 73 1 10 X 3 I2l I6 I 0 I OI 4 I 298 
II I 0 ~ I 20 11 5 16 1 8 16x1 1 4 I 2XOIOXI 2 5 I 136 
I X U I 23 12 17 0 x o 0 x 0 x 5 x X 1 1 I 0 1 I I. 0 x 105 
2'~797'227 67 39 11S 13 13 13723489 S 3 3 16 9 818 
, The rango or depth distribut101l (.) 
, o 0 1 I X X 0 X 0 I X °t5- x. 0 x 1-3 x 1- 7 x 3 X 1-5 X 0 I :~ 7 ~ 1 1-7 3-ll I I-nia r.~- I °s5- °a5- I 3-8 x 8 I 0 X 1 I o x 0 X 1 X 
IP I ~.~  1-7 x H 70 :55 -140- 3005 I 0.35 - 0.45 - X 1-7 I 1-<1 X 1-5 I 1-~'  I o I 0 1 H I 
II I 0 I 3005 3 x 1 1 1-3 I 1-3 x o x o x I 3 1005 x 
t I I x o o I o x 1-3 X 3 3 x o I I 9 o I 
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000 ...... _ (abaolllto D.-bora) ~ tile adult. ~ Porllla aduata " ava. in li6ht aatobo o at nrioua .tationa 
ill 1~1968 r or reaJ. • • and ...l a. ooparatoly. 
1967 
_til IX lY n nI VIII IX XI II XII I II IV V XI XII I II IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI Total 
ata. 
_.'OIII XOOX o I X I 29 I 8 I 8 7 1 35 1 II X 27 X 
D 0l2, 1 1 X X X I 5 X 25 I I X 47 III. I I X X X I 
"615l2 1 XX X13 x8~ 22 27 48 X 6413 X X 7 42 10 I X l 
1I"11l2 O XI 11+ I 20 X 23 31 4 3 X 11+ 11+ X 13 29 4 I 5499 
Y I~ X 31 X 20 I 57 X 63 2 1 262547 1 o 37 X 33 I 19 X 104 72 
"XXXX IXI X X X 0 x o X 1 X X X X 3 X o I 81 X 
73 " 17 t,.} 0 20 0 SIt. o 96 2 70 ll3 n 59 III 35 sa 206 172 1,535 
1&1 •• 'OXXX IOO X o 1 I I 8 1 0 I 8 0 X 19 X 8 X 11+ X 57 
D llO 0 X X X X I I 31> I 32 ' X X X 20 I X X I I X X X I 97 
"18e" I X I X 12 X ,. X 32 13 19 1 27 ,. XX 18 7 7 X X 157 412 
9 X X 18 X 9 X 6 4 6 2 X 7 21 1 12 6 8 X 61 1 
T lU 112 X 20 X 120 1 50 7 1 10 31> 42 X 1 3 X 1 I II 1 3512 
"IIII XX I I X X 0 1 10 X 0 I X 1 I 2 X 1 I 35 X 
''''&1 52 ' 115 5 U 9 20 0 150 0 97 7 70 45 59 104 47 20 2'< 52 13 35 :u.s 170 1 , 22'< 
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OUL i.DOe (abaolute nlDbere) at tho adult. at Cloo= 111 11&bt catch. . at ..n ouo atat iOI18 111 
1"'-1!l68. 
- "" 1967 1968 II IV n Tn V= IX X II III I II IV VII XII I II IV V VI VII VIII IX X II Total a.u. 
I. ~ I I X :( 0 0 X 0 I X X 0 I 1 X 0 0 X 0 3 X 0 I 8 
• 0 0 1 X X I X X X .5 X 0 X I I 0 X X I I X X X X X 6 
IP , 1 1 I I I I 0 I 0 I 1 0 0 I 1 1 X X a 0 X X X a 11 .......  
II 22 0 X t,O a.. I X 1 It X a a 0 0 X 19 0 X 1 0 0 I 0 0 171 
r I 0 I J7 X 0 1 7 117 } a 16 a 0 10 I 1 0 1 0 I 0 X 0 0 191 
IP I I I 1 1 X 1 X 1 X 0 X 0 I 5 x 5 I X 0 I It x 2 I 16 
!otal 32 1 2 77 a.. 0 0 8 117 12 0 17 0 0 16 1 26 0 1 0 7 2 0 1oO} 
Tablo 18 
OOCN.rl'ellOe (Uabsnoliuvte urmsbiteyrs ) oaft  tGheh la"n&Ia o ht Etctnpaa.:U/8/ uing bsotptca. c••ep .lu• •g a.te Tdmuou.eg shtations in 
1905 - 1968 toge_r wi th range of ~pth di.tribution. 
1~ 1'" 1967 1968 
_.111 m II non VII VIn IX XI XU I IV V XI XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII II X II XU Total 
S~\1. . 
A o 0 I X X I o I o I I o I o I 0 I 0 X 0 x o X o X o -
D 1 X 2 0 I 2 1 5 I o o I 3 X 3 I 2 I 1 I 1 X 12 I S7 
IP I 0 0 X 10 2 o 1 X o o X 2 1 o 1 o X , X 3 X 1 X 0 Z 22 
0: I 0 1 I 3 o o 0 X o o X 5 x 3 X 2 X 6 I 2 x X X 28 
T X I ~ X 1 It o 0 x o o 1 0 I o X I 1 5 X o x X o 1 X 16 
fOUl 8 1 6 - - 10 - 6 It 1 15 6 - 13 It 7 - 103 
The I'I1D4l" of depth distribution ( ..)  
o 0 I I I I o 1 o X X o I o I 0 I 0 X 0 x o X o X o 
D O.S I ~7 0 I 1 3 1.5- X o o I 'ii I 1-8 X fi I 3 I X 1-3 X 1-9 X 
IP I 0 0 I 1 O., 17 S- 0 5 I o o X 3-5 10X o I 1 X 1- X 3 X 0 X 11 
0: I 0 , I o o 0 X o o I 1- X 1-3 I 1 I b: X 9 X X 3 b: I 11 
T X I 1-2 I :1.5 1-9 0 0 I o o I 0 X o X X 1 1- , X o X X o 5 X 
ruz. 1, 
0 ....._  (ob8ol._ Un_ivb erras) i~ty t ho f1  .G....h.. a~n Daip h_ut4tapps:l/./ u1ng bsotpt. a.c.e.p .lu• •g 1.ne 1d~5-uol.Sg68h to&e1bor .UI> 
_ ~ th at.tdboU .... 
Uf5 1'" 1~7 1968 
_ 
""" .. m II IT 1I VII VIII XI XI XII I IT V XI XII I XI = IT V VI VII VIII II 1 XI XII ~otal 
.l 001 1110.1 0 1101 0101010 X 0 X O:&: o -
D 111 0 10001 o 0 I 1 11XI101 o lOX 0 X 5 
II' 1001 2l/j.O,ll 1 I 1 IOIOI }1 o X 2 X 1 x 28 
102175 85 x 0 8x} X 2X 1111 1 I X '2 
1 I 0 I o 8 0 I o o I 0 I 1 X I 0 1 X , X 1 1 0 X 18 
1 - } - 923168 - 1 9 - 5 It - 2 It, - 99 
!he r&IIB0 Of depth Mltzibutl.an (.) 
.l OOX X X X O X OX xox o x 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 0 X o 
D , 1 , 0 X OOOXOO X } X 8 I , X o 1 o X 0 1 0 X 
II' X 0 0 X 1 o·r 0 7 X 7. 5 } X 7 1 0 X o 1 1- ' 1 o 1 17 X S 1 
II :&: 0 1-7 X 1- 7 1-6 i2 }-8 X o 1 5- X }-8 1 1- } 1 , X S 1 7 1 X ~-5 1 
J 110 X o tiiJ O X o 0 X 0 X 8 I 1 0 5 X 5-7 X X 11 0 I 
, 
hs ii enee (ab.Uoluntei vu\eII.rbserait) yo fo thf eG adhualt.n aat  Dhiptetepud:o/p/auia gn.s1apl.aana cUela.eur g.,,.4e Edonucau.ag ihn Uabt 0&. .... 
at nrioua .t.tl.ona in 1966-1968. 
Ul' 1967 1968 
U If ft YII VIII IX I XI XII I II IV T XI XII I II IV T TI Tn TIII n X Total 
IlIPSlWDOPSIS 
.IIXIO OI o x X lOX I 0 0 lOX o X 0 -
OO,X IIII I 1 I X I X X liX xx IX I I I 15 
,00X IXll X X I 6 0 X I 1 I X I 6 0 X X 23 
')I6811116IB I 7 X BI,.I,. o X 0 1 0 1 I 1 X X 2ltl 
XOI, I1411,. o o 2 B 0 I 2 1 03X 7 X o x X 1,.3 
XIXI IIIX I X 1 X 0 X X 0 I lOX 2 X B 11 
U), 71 11130 013 o B ' 22 1,.1,. 2120 1,.014Q 3 o B 33l 
Be_US 
~ allllO OI o X X X 0 X X 0 0 X 0 X o X 0 -
• 0001 1111 X 0 X X X X xxxxxxx X I X -
IP • . X I X 001 X X X X 0 0 X X 8 
II: OOX7 68 1 XO 1}1 } 01,. 110051 1 o x X 93 
r X OIO XOIO o 0 0 0 0 I 0100101 o X X -
XXXI IIII I X 0 X 0 I lOX X 0 I o x -
'007681 00 o } o 3 0 I,. 1000510 o o 0 101 
University of Gha'fnabale  h2lt tp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
(all_ate _bere) or _ 04ulta at AMpIdpIlJOba 111 l1&bt ..._ . at ...-1ous atatlOll& 111 
~. 
...... 196' 1961 1968 lIIY 'rI m TIII IX I XI XII I IX IY V XI XII I II IY V VI VII TIII II 1 fotal 
SIdIa 
A 0 1 I I 1 0 0 X 0 I X X 0 X 0 X 0 0 X 0 X 0 X 0 -
D 0 0 0 1 1 X X 1 X 0 1 1 X X X X 1 X I X X X X I -
II' • 10 0 I X X X 0 X X X 1 0 X X 0 1 1 X 5 0 0 1 1 1M> 
II: 1 I!l I 0 0 0 1 0 X ~ X 0 1 0 0 X 0 2 0 0 1 0 X X 9 
y I 0 I 0 1 0 X 2 0 1 0 0 0 J 0 X 0 0 I 0 X 0 X 1 ~ 
• I I I I I I I I I I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I l[ 0 X 0 X 0 -
fwto1 It 10 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 1 56 
o .!wpMpQdle _plenal. (IIftut>r) 
'rabl a 22 
OooarreDOe (absoUlutne inv1Debrersa)i ty oof thfe  lGarhn.ea onta C bhaotbtoprid:a/e/ uing bsotptCall c!Uep.lue.g a.te Ydarulo.uga hstations 1n 
196s-196B t _tbar .t. th Z'OlI88 at ~th ll1.tributl.cm, 
l~ 1966 1967 1968 
m II IT VI VII VIII IX XI XXI IT T III I II III IT T VI VII VIII IX X XI III 'rotal 
'" 122 I I X X 1 I I 20 I 9 x 1 I 0 I 28 I 2 I 1 I 
o I 0 o X o 0 o I o 0 I 0 x o X o I o X o X o I 0 X 
X 0 0 X 0 o 2 o I o 0 x 0 I o X o I o X o x o X 0 X 2 
I 0 • X 0 o 0 o X o 0 x 5 I 1 X o I 5 X o X I 1 5 X 17 
X I 0 I o o 0 o I o 0 I 1 X 1 I X 0 7 X o I I 2 6 I 17 
- - 20 6 9 2 1 12 28 2 ,.11 
'rhe ronge ~ dopth di.tr1butiOl1 (. ) 
1-11-9 I I X X 2 X i;S- X X to I X 2 I 0 X 3-7 X 5-7 X 3 X 
I o I 0 0 I o 0 o I o 0 X 0 I o I o I o I o x o X 0 X 
IP I 0 0 I 0 o 1 2 o X o 0 X 0 I o X o X o X o o X 0 X 
I,I  I 0 0 I o o 0 o X o 0 X 1-1 2 X 11 X o X 7 X o X X do X 
I I 0 I o o 0 o I o 0 X 11.5 I 5 I X 0 IT X o X X 3-5 h X 
-.--~---~. ' 
U Toble 23 00_ ...... (ob. olut. nn_ivberar)s <itIy th o fo dGul tha aor nCaha ohbotrtupa (:l/I/eouohgaosbporuaa)c aena.uJ.guo. eEdwuard..g ahnd C. (Sa,ycayj..) 
1'" ...t op_" Theobald in li8ht oatohoa .t yarl.oua .t.ti. ... in 1966-1968. 1967 1968 
U Ifnm mIIX X XI XII IIIIVTXI III I II IV T TI TIl TIll IX X Total 
CJW)BORUS (IIXOCIWlBORUS) AIOIALUS 
lID X l I I 7!. , X 0 .I J. X l}9I o I 0 o I o X o X 0 256 
D o .0 0 X X I I X I o X I X I X I I I I I X I X X -
IP 10 0 0 I I I I 2 :It I I 15 0 I I 2 X J. X o o X X • 2, 
IE 110 180 I , 2 » X 1 I OX62 112 5 X 0 o :ll+ o I o X I ' 55 
Y I Jn5I Jl I 1 I o 0 l,l,ao 19 X o X 0 o X o I o X I l,l88 
• I I I I I I I I I X Jl X 1 I l}2 X 1 X X o x o X I 165 
toW 
" "." 0 100 2 llO , , 0 l,ll,ll78 150 12 In 2 1 o :ll+ o o o o o 10967 
A o I I I I 2Jo. 17 II o I X X 1 X o I 0 o x 0 I o x 0 
D o 0 0 I I X ' X X X o X X X I X I X X I X X x X X -
IP o 0 1 I X X X 0 X X X o o I I o X X X 0 o X X I 1 
IE o 0 I o o 1 X 0 X o x o o 0 o X 0 o o 0 I o I I 1 
r I » 1 o X 0 I 0 o o 1 o o I o I 0 o X 0 X o X l[ ,}8 
• 4 II I I I X I X X I 0 I o x o I 0 X I 0 I o I X 
toW » 1 - - 2S 17 1 1 82 
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Ooaarnll" (ab.alute _bon) at _ adult. at CeratopogOlli_ in ll&ht oatoho. at nr.f.ou • • ta~OllII 
in 190'-1968. 
- 1'" 1967 1968 nIT TI m TIn IX X XI ~I I n IV v XI 10 I II IV V VI m TIn IX X ~otal 1tn1au 
, 0 X I I I 1 I I 0 I I I 0 X 0 X 0 1 X 0 X 0 X 0 , 
.D.  0 1 0 I X X X X X 0 X I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 0 0 I I I I 1 I I I 0 0 I I 0 I I X 0 0 I I I 1 
• 
11 2 0,  I 6 
, 1 X 0 I 0 I 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 I 0 X I 12 
T I I 5 I 0 I , 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 I 0 0 I 0 X 0 X I 11 
I I I I I ,I  I I ,I . I I 0 I 1 I 0 I 1 I X 0 X 0 I I 2 total 2 ,. 0 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 
'fabl e 25 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
Ooaarrenoe t:4 uvertebratel other than Cb1l"01loa1dae in bottca tampl ,. at various .tati_ in 1965-1968, 
Orpd. Statiou - - DOD! IPAmlU DTI tBJI AX A J) IP III: Y IIBO l!l!ACBI 
Ye ... 65 66 65 66 67 68 65 66 67 68 66 67 68 6667 68 66 67 68 1965-1968 
",. :,  em 
Nb u . .. - - - - - - - - - - - ... - - - - - - -- + -
...w  
oua-ta 
· iAtti. 
AUed , IpP. • + + + + + + • • • • + • + + + + + + • + + + + + 
.-..-lIzUu opp, + - + - - - - - + - - + + + + + -- + + 
110ft IIc1 tata dller + + - - - + - + - - + - - + - + + + - + + + + + + 
'at.,. ...... 'PII. - - - - - + - - - - - - - + - + + + + + -- + + 
II1roIha + + - - - + + - + + + - + + - - - + + + + + -
.... a& 
llaav.,oIa 
hl1-. ta ll tao rabUoi (Audouill) - - - + + + - - + - + - - + - - + - - + + + + + .. tonau (_ _r g) + - - - + + - - - - + - - - - - - - - + + -+ -
Amno _tao (1laiJrrill_) + + - - - + - - - - - - - - + - + + -
lUftaoia "P. + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - -- - + 
I.P Ub P", 
PiaU. 'P. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - -- - + 
_---~~ _ -.r-" 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
Station. AIDSO- - rom lPAHIlU DIll un: AX A D lP 0: r Oopal. IIBO IJ!ACIII 
roar 6;66 6566 67 68 6566 67 68 666768 66 67 68 666768 1965-1968 
-~-  
~"'" .0rti4". (Linin) + - + - - + 
Ceri. ...l Ida Ip. - - -- -- --
+ - - -
+- -- - -- -
- -- -- -- -- -- +- -- -- --
+ -- -- +- -+ -
Clplp'" + + - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - -
O'\z¥oIa + + + + + + + - - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + c= ....t aM 
C~_rU bialo 1,1 Balr« + - - • + • • • • + - - • - - + • + • + + 
Jl!W:ACWD • - • • • • - - • • - - - • - - - - + + + + • 
......! IIW. 
P..ula .......... - - - - • + • • • + • • + + + + + - • • + + + + 
Coed. Ipp. - - - - + • + + • • • + + - + - + • + + 
Cl• ••P P. • - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - -
0WN.,ti. .,- + - - - + • + + - + - - - - - - - - - + + + 
AIIloop- + - - -+ + + + • • - + + + - • - • • + + + + + 
BmPau. 
tia at•  .pp. + - + + - - + - - - - - - + - - - - - + • + - + -
Ioftla 'P. - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - -
-rabl. 25 (oantinua4) 
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'-'- Stations UOSQ) - DOM !PJJIIJU mrB n.1I AX A II !P KIt T IIBO 1tRAC1ii 
T. ... 6566 65 66 67 68 6566~68 66~68 66 67 68 66~68 1965-1968 
WCiUl"DIl 
m,-.,I1. ~_ Ul.aer - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + + + + -..sa _Ileal luq_ - + + 
...... IPP. - - -- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - -+ + + + + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + 
COIoQ!III. 
IJtltdl. . + - - - - + - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + - - - -
IIIlIIcW- (othor ... ChlmIca1dao) 
eo ... ..,.-'..M  + + + + - -- --- + - - - - + + - - + + - + - + + + - + - - - -- - - - - - + - - - -
Yl'IDIW 
"",mu. . - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -
!OW. 1S 6 6 S 10 10 17 11 6 7 16 8 7 14 8 12 13 6 10 16 21 18 16 18 16 
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28 
Table 26 
Depth diotrJ.bution ~ tour aaJ or sroupo 01' ahi ronad.t 
l ar. ... in 1965. 1966 ant 1968 at various otationa . 
expre ... d aa peroentaae abundanoe by nm..ber ~or eaoh 
~ t he three claptb sone. (1- 300. 5-9m. and U-2Soa). 
AmSQI1IO 
Year a.pth _one 1 - 3 5 - 9 11- 25 
(.) 
organ!. 
1.61 0.00 0. 00 
1965 ,s.02 100. 00 100.00 
0.37 0. 00 0. 00 
Orthoelad11nae 0.00 0.00 0.00 
'fallYP oc11 n ee 0.00 0. 00 0.00 
1966 100.00 100.00 0 . 00 
0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
Orthoclacl11 nee 0.00 0.00 0.00 
DOM 
0.67 0. 00 
75.00 
25.00 
Orthoola.u 1 Me 0.00 0. 00 0. 00 
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2S 
Tabl e 26 (oontinued) 
rear deptil . cme 1 - 3 5 - 9 ll- 25 
(.) 
IIOIlI 
Ttul3P0c!1n • • 1. 2S 0. 44 1. 80 
1968 Cbironadn1 65. 30 89.1t-7 90.99 
Tan.vtardDi 32012 10. 09 6. 31 
Orthool'd11nM 1.2S 0. 00 0. 90 
IPANDU 
T&n,Jp ocIinae 0.5It- 1.75 0. 00 
1966 Ch1ronarlDi 6It-.78 90.35 100.00 
T~ra1n1 34068 7. 90 0. 00 
Orthoolad11 D •• 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
Ta.n;yp oc11 D •• 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
CbironCllWd. 100. 00 
8. 55 0. 00 
Orthoola4llnae 0. 86 0. 00 0.00 
0. 00 
1966 100.00 
0. 00 
Orthoolaaunu 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
30 
Table 26 (oontinued) 
r. ... depth cone 1 - 3 5 -, 11 - 25 
(Ia) 
KETlI KRACIII 
T&lIJIP 041 na. 0.71 0.00 0.00 
1968 Ch1roncni.n1 89. 55 97. 83 100.00 
'raa,ytara1m. '.50 2. .1 7 0. 00 
Orthooladi1nao O.v.. 0. 00 0.00 
0.46 1.16 0.00 
1966 Ch1roncni.n1 100.00 
0.00 0. 00 0. 00 
Orthooladiil1ao 0.00 0. 00 
TaIlJP odinao 0.5l. 0. 00 0. 00 
1968 Ch1ronadll1 98.37 100. 00 100. 00 
Tan,ytaro1m. 1.09 0. 00 0.00 
Orthooladiinaa 0.00 0.00 0. 00 
AllPJIII 
T8.1lJ'Pod::l.n. 0. 49 0. 00 0. 00 
1966 Ch1ronom1.ni 99.51 100.00 0.00 
TaJ>,Ttaro1m. 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
Orthocladi i n .. 0.00 0. 00 0.00 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
Tabl e 26 (oontinued) 
Yoar depth acn. 1 - 3 5 - 9 ll-25 
(al -
Tanypodinaa 1.16 0. 00 0. 00 
1968 ChironadDi 88. 22 100. 00 100.00 
T8ll7taro1ld 10. 62 0. 00 0. 00 
Orthoola4i i nee 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
f 
!able ~ 
OUEn_ ( .U.. n_iv_e. .r) s tiIt yti lo. of 4Gulth. taI nWa . .h..t.tp..: /Id/u1Dgt1s-.p na.ncIIel'. 1uag lll.;ebtd aua_.gh. et ftl'iaaa 
...u _ fa 1",""1968. 
... "" 1967 1"" II If It VII VIII II I n III I II If V n IU I II If ., n TIl VIII II I Total 
atoU_ 
A 0 I I I X 0 5 I 0 I X I ]. I 1 I 0 Q I 0 I 7 x 1 15 
D 0 0 0 I X X X I I 0 I I I I X I I I I I I X I ;: 0 
IP J ,0  0 I I 1 I 0 7' I I 0 0 x x 0 x X I 0 0 X I I 5 II 1 I l' 7 21 1 0 1 0 I 0 0 ~ 0 I 0 0 0 0 X 0 I I sa .. 
t I ~ I 2 I 0 I 0 2 0 0 0 0 I 1 I 0 0 I 0 I 0 I X , '" 
• 1,  1 X I I I ,I  1 I I 0 0 I ~ X ) I I 0 I 0 I I ToW 1) 0 18 7 2l 0 2 0 0 0 1 ~ 6 0 ) 0 0 0 0 7 0 1 ,.
7.  
.-____________- ~I 'fable 28 
-....Il00 (ablUoI_ niv_eb resrai)t y~  o_ f GaduhJ.atl n~a C JhdrotDtpCII:U/I/ utcmgasoop1pa8llcll1ea .nuagtte.er dODud .Cg. h_oala netter in 
l1&ht oatoboa at ftrlou• • tatlona in 1966-1968. 
1'" 1967 1968 
• 1M n 1Y 'fI 'fIX VIII n .I .II xn I .II IV V.II xn I .II IV V VI vn VIn I.l .I Total 
CHIIlOlK1IUS JOIIIIOSIPBllllIS 
1 X .I I X 00 X2XX .110.1 0 .13 2 X 2 .I x 0 
D o 1 60 .I X xx 1.111 XII I X.I XXI I I x X 
IP 65 It 29 X X X X 8XXX 13 1,..1 .122 .1.1.10 X X X 148 
II , ;I B. X 328 2It6 17 X 8 X 1, .I 80 28 2 10 I 5 0 5 7 x 7 I X lll,.8 
r lo-X 021114377 X 1 X20 9125 .I 5 X I 257 
• I I I X X II XXI 18 X2X 2 I 2 X I 53 x 8 X X 85 
",. 167 ., ,,2 ~ 2l 0 16 I,. 25 , 2 130 51 2 13 22 30 11 5 87 23 0 0 1723 
CHIIlOIQUS I1ICOLA 
. 
o X I X X 0 1 IOXX XOI 1 X 0 0.10 X o X 0 2 
D o 0 It X .I XXXIOXXXIXIXXXX X I I X l0-
IP It It 8 I I XX OX XX 10 0X X16 X .116 69 I X I 117 
237 1 1837 611 .1 1,. .1 122 2 I o 1 38 5 I 17 I I 1610 
t 1 12 1 8 I o X 026101,.01 2l1 20 I O x o I I 
• 1 X X I X .1111.12 XOI X X11 .1.10 x o I I 13 
t otal 2'/ 23 12 26 37 6 1 12 1012 15 2 251613 13811 17 o 0 ".6 
Taba ~ 
0 ... _ _(a0b1o1ol0.  .U. n_bivorea)r s<1itt yth eo af4 uGltah aaY nClUaro nhcatutop t:r/lU/ulng. ...s1 .pn&a1.c De.e.1u'tegr .aendd Cu. a.lgluhaudi fieffe,. in light ._ It oati""" in 1966-1~. 
- 1'" 1967 1~ II Ii VI VII VIII II X II III I II IV 11' II III I II IV V VI VII VIII II 1 Total Batt. CBIROIQIUS T11Am1lI'AALBNSI S 
£ 1 1 X X o o 1 o 1 1 lOX O. X o • X 0 X o X o 
• o o 1 X X 1 1 x o X X X X X X I X I X X X X X 
IP o o X 1 X I o X X X 0 o X X 0 x X X 0 o X I I 
II o X o o o 1 o X o X 0 o 0 0 X o o o 0 1 o X X 10 
r o X o X o 1 o o o 1 0 o I 0 1 o o 1 0 X o X I 1 
• 1 X X 1 X 1 X X X 0 X o lOX o I X 0 X o X I o 
foUl o o o o o o o o 0 1 0 o 0 Q 0 o o o 0 o o o o 6} 
CllIBOIICIIlJS ALLIJ.I.UDI 
£ ~ XII X 1 o X 1 X X X o X 0 X 1 o X 0 1 o I o 471 
D o 0 0 1 1 1 X 1 X o X X X X X X X 1 I X X X 1 X 0 
IP J4,oo xx X X 0 X X X 0 o X X o X X X 0 9 I X X 2J 
II JlOOIO O o X 0 X o X 0 000 X 0 o o 0 X o X X }10 
Y I 2 X 1 X o I 0 o o 10 0 o I 0 X 0 o X 0 X o X I 7 
• I I I I X X X X X X 1 X o X 0 I 0 X 1 0 X o X X 1 
foUl 7ft 2 0 1 0 1 o 0 1 05 0 o 0 0 o 1 o o 0 9 o o o 812 
---------O-oa-a.n-el-loe- (-ab~.ol :D. te nU\lll'bneriav) eatr sthiet yad oulftl  Gat hDa1ornotaen dhipt •t•p a:u/lt/1uepginsopeual Fcrea.:aun gan.de Dd. uoh.lgorhoJlotu. netter ill 
light .._ . at varioua .UU"". in 1966-19G8, 
a-._. 1'" 1967 1~ II IT VI VII VIII II I II III I II IV V XI III I n IV V VI VII VIII II I 101;01 
I. o I I I I 0 o I 1 I I I o X o I o o I o I o I 2 3 
• 001 I I I I I I o I I I I I X I I I I I I I I 1 
IP 1,10. 21 26 I I I I 15 I I I o o X X 1 I I I 5 68 I I I 280 
n U U I llt9} 601. 353 I 14 I 6 I 1 o 81 2/t. I o o 0 o I 13 I 12616 
J I 0 I 5 I 0 I o 1 7 o o o I 5 X 2 o I o I 2 I I 22 
• I I I I I I I I I I o I o X 2 I 1 I I o I o I I 3 
foUl 
" J7 f7 V.98 601. 1353 o 29 2 l} o 1 o 81 31 1 3 o 0 5 68 15 o 2 2925 
IlICBO'I'BIIIlIPBS ClILOBOIIO'l'US 
I. o I I I X 00 1 0 I I I 0 X o X 001 0 I 5 I 0 5 
D 000 I X X X X I o I X I I X X I I I I I X I I -
IP 020 I X I X 0 I I I o 0 I I 0 I X I 0 1 I I I 3 
n , , I 7 o 1 I 0 I o I 3 0 2 3 X o 0 0 0 X 2 I I J3 
J 1 7 1 o X o I 0 3 1 3 1 2 X o I 2 0 I 0 I 1 I I 20 
• I I I I X I I I I I 5 X 0 I o I o I I 0 X 0 I I 5 
foUl , 15 - 7 - 1 - 3 1 8 ~ 2 2 3 2 - - 1 8 - 66 
r.~ )1 
01 51 • (-.&_ ..U..n.i.v)  e~r tshiet yeI uol.tfa  G~ hDla.ornotan Uhpotot p..:../ "/"u'''g''''s Ppx .a..c..e _. ugD. .be1dIdu.10.Gglah n.n.r 111 11&1>' 
I 1 p- at __ ota~. ... 111 19~ 
Uf6 1"7 U'8 
... U IY 1I m 1III I:l 1 U XIII n IV" nm I un v YI YU lIII D 1"'Mel 
I. .. 1 1 1 1 lI. 5 x 2 I I I 3)6 1 ~ I o 10 I 6 I 60 X I 69S 
11 o 1 o I .l 1 I 1 I 0 X I 1 X 1 I X X I I I I 1 % 1 
IP II 7 o I ,I  I X 1 1 X X 1 0 I X 0 X I I 2 o I X x 33 • '" rr 1 sa 16 I o l 0 J 29 0 7 1 I 1 0 1 o 1 I 1 183 r 1 • 1 J X o X o ~ 2 o 6 0 X o X 001 o I o x x 83 
I 1 .1,  1 I I I X I I I .. I 12 1 31 I 16 I I o I o I X ,2 Nat It o 55 6 30 S 1 6 2 ~ " JII8 7 ~ 0 17 10 1 8 o 60 o 0 10107 
I. • 1 1 I 1 o o I o I 1 I o 102 o I o 0 X o I 011 102 
11 • • o I X 1 I I 1 0 l I I X 1 I I X I I % XII 0 
IP 1 o 1 I I I 1 o I I I 0 o I X o X I I o o I 1 1 2 
,•  I I 1 7 o 1 1 o 1 0 I 1 o 0 13 I 111 o 1 o I I 29 
.... 1 o 1 o X o I o o 0 o 0 o 1 23 I o 0 I o 1 o x x 23 I 1 1 X I I I I I x 1 o I o X I o X I o 1 0" " o I 1 " J I 1 7 o 1 o o o 0 o 1 72 o 1 1 1 o o o 0 0 132 
fable }2 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
012 &I. (.01_ _b en) at tho 0401 to of' Hilodo. .... brenlNoca Xietfer foWl I . f'raotuobua Xie1'hr 1Jl Ugbt 
._ at _ .... at-tiona 1Jl 1966-1968. 
U6' 1~67 1968 
II lY 'fI m VIII II X XI XII I II IV V XI XII I II IV V VI VII VIII II X Total 
liILOllOJ!lII IlRlI'/IBUCCA 
1 1 I 1 I o o I 10 x x ! 72 I 7 x 7 107 x 5 X 2B x 0 232 
o o l4 I I I I I x 0 x I I I x I I X I I X x x x l4 
o a o I,  I X X 0 x X I 1 0 Jl x 6 I 1 1 79 129 I x x 215 a o I 7 o X 0 lOX 1 0 0 6 x 72 107 162 88 X 12 x x 46l,. 
I 47 I 7 X o x 0 o 61 0 14 0 I o x 122 13 1 46 x 2 x x 312 
x I I X I X I I I X 0 X 1 X o I 0 1 X 53 I 2 X I 56 
1 47 14 16 7 10 61 16 73 13 6 201 227 162 272 129 lt4 129} 
lIILOlXlRIII PlIACTILOBllS 
~ ~ I X I I 56} 1058 X 1239 x I X 242 I 15 l 115 8 X 31 x 68 x 6l,. 4967 
D a :e } X X I X I I 11 X X X I I X x X I X x x x X 47 
IP 
- 55 11 X X X X 62 X I X 4 10 X x 7 x X x o 3 x I X 440 
lit 81/o.17U I &. 224- 71+ x 57 x 40 x 90 17 4 73 X 17 6 27 17 x 19 I X 3366 
t I 1102 I 18 I 2 I 8, 15 180 3} 119 ItO x 83 x 18 90 x 6 x 1 1 X 836 
• I I I I I X I I I x 8 I 7 I 32 x 88 X X ! x 47 X I 18} 
T oto1 2ml~ 14 102 224- 63~ 1058 208 1254- 2}1 41 213 316 4 203 7 238 104 27 55 3 135 - 6l,. 9839 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
OUU,.nH (ablSo1.ute mE:lbera) cI tho a4ulta ar JlUodor\1ll r'!lCoe1.a heemtUl and • bnn1p&lp18 n efter ill li&h:t oat obl. 
at nri_ .tatlo"" ill 1966-1968. 
196' 1967 1968 
a Ol11Z II IY VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II IV V XI XII I II IV V VI VII VIII IX X Tot al 
IIILOIlOllIll RUIOOSIII 
A o X I x X o 31 X o I I X 0 X o X 0 0 1 0 X o X o 31 
D o o o X X I I I lO X X X I X X I I X .( X X X X o 
II' ,o  o o X X X X 0 X X X o 0 X X 0 X I 1 0 o X X X o u: o I l43 109 Z,)  X , X 0 X 1 0 2 2 X Z) 3 , 1 X o ). X 316 r X a, I 17 I I 0 J 2 6 10 0 X 1 X 15 9 1 90 X o X X 245 
• X X I X X X I X I X () X 0 I o X 1 X 1 1 1 o X It 2 
~otal 9 a, o 160 109 23 31 3 3 26 II 0 2 3 0 31 12 3 92 o o o o 5~ 
IIILODOIIIII aRll'lIPALPI 3 
A o I X x X o o z o z X X o I o I 0 I x 0 X o 1 o 
D o o o x X I X X X 0 X I. X 1 X X 1 I ~ X X X • X 
II' • o o X X X X o X I X o o I X 0 X 1 1'- 61 o X I ~ 61 u: 1 o I o o o X o X 0 X o o 0 o X 0 o o 0 X o I X 1 
T X o X , X o I 2 1 2 o o o X o X II o X 0 X o X X 19 
• I X X X,  X X X X X X o X o X o X 0 X X 0 X o X X o !otal 1 2 1 2 - ll - 61 81 
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O...c _cur.re nace.  (a.booluta D\Illbera) o:r the adult. at Cr,yptOOhirontDU5 l1.ndner:l. Freeman and C. dioel'u Kieffer in l ight 'fari OU .~t1ona ill 1966-1968. 
1966 1967 1968 
....t u n IV VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II IV V XI XII I II IV V VI VII VIII IX I To~ 
at-tiona CllP'l'OCl!III)lfQIIJS LIJaE<Ia 
A o I t I x 0 o I 1 X X I 0 X 0 I o 0 X 0 X 0 1 o 1 
» 000 X X X I X X o X X X I X X X IIXIX I 1 -
II' 000 I X X I 0 X X X o 0 X X o 1110 15 X I X 15 
XI 18 1 4It- 102 .. X 0 X o X 1 1 0 0 X 3 0 0 1 1 9 X X 1710 
r X 1 I 0 I 0 I 0 o o o 6 0 I 0 X 1 OI l 130 X I 39 
I I I I I X I I I I 1. o X 0 1. 0 I o 1 lOX 1 X X 1 
f.tIl 1,-JoIo 102 .. - 1 7 1 - .. 2 151;0 230 
CRlP'l'OClIIROlQ/US llICllBAS 
A o I I X I o o X o X I X 0 X 0 1 o 0 X 0 X 0 X a 
D 000 X X X X X X o X X I X X X X X X X X 1 1. I 
II' 000 X X X X 0 X I X o 0 X 1 o XX IOOX I 1 
II o .. I 3 o o I 0 X o X tl 0 0 0 X OO OO IO X I 7 
t lOX o I o X 0 o o 0 o 0 1 0 1 OOXOIO 1 X 
I I X X X X X X X I X 0 X 0 2 0 I O XX IIO X X 2 
fRol - .. - 3 - 2- - - , 
University of Gha'nfobal a  h»t tp://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
__ ( ob. Gl._ nllllbers) <>f' tho adult. d C"1Pt oohi1'COlClllWl nua11'oroopa norter in light oatohe8 
.~ ftl'i oua atatl.COlO in 1966..J.968. 
- 1'" 1967 1968 II IT 1I VII n Il IX x XI XII I II IV V ZI III I II IV V n nI nIl IX X TotGl. ltatt. .... 
0 I I 0 0 x 0 x x x 0 I 0 I 0 0 I 1 X 0 X 0 1 
II 0 0 0 x x X I X X 0 X X X x x x x x x x X I X I -
II' 0 0 0 x x x x 0 x x x 0 0 X 1t 0 X X X 0 0 I I X -
II 0 2 X 10 0 0 x 0 x 0 x 6 0 0 0 x 0 0 3 0 x 0 X I 21 
t X 0 X 0 X 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 x 0 0 I 0 X 0 X X 
• X X X X X X I X I I 0 X 0 X 0 X 0 I X 0 X 0 X X 
!,,'ol - 2 ],0 , - - 3 1 - 22 
-------------- , ~ 
Oocurreoco (ab, CIl.uUte nDuivmbeerrs )s oitf yt hoe f.t .dGultah aof' nCrayp thoothtipro:r/la/DuUSg tsorpoiapactuea .Fureegm.aen dandu -.=.g ahcutua Goetghebuer 
in l..1sht oatohe. at ,,&ri.cnu . tationa in 1%6-1968. 
1967 1968 
II IV VI VII VIII II X II XII I II ri V XX XII I II IV V VI VII VIII II X Total. 
Cl1.IP1'OClIIROII!IIUS l!' ORCIPATUS 
• 1 X X X X o o .: 3 X X I 271 I o I o o I 0 I o I o 275 
D o 1 59 X X X X X l: 1 X I X X I I X X X I X X X X 61 
IP o 0 - 0 X I X X 0 X X X 0 o X X o X X X 1 o X X I 1 
II: ,.. ~ X 361 27 6 X 0 l: 1 X 17 2 5 1 I o 1 1 0 X o I X 502 
Y X 13 X 1,.6 I o X 0 o 3 I) 0 o X o X o o X 0 I 17 X l. 79 
• X X X I X X X X I X 0 X 1 X o I o I X 0 X o X X 1 
TQt u. 15 EiO 59 lt07 27 6 - - 3 5 17 2710 5 1 - - III 17 919 
CIIlPTOCilIEONOliUS ACTlTUlI 
• o X I X I 14 o A o X I I o X o X o o X 0 X 8 X 
o .o.  22 D o 0 I X X X X X o X X X X I I I X I X X I I I -
IP o 0 o X X X X 0 X X I o o X X o X X I 0 o I I i 
II: o 0 I o o o X 0 X o X o o 5 o X o o 0 0 X o X x , 
Y X 1 I o I o X 0 o U 0 o o X 2 I o o I 0 I o X X 3 
• X X I X I X X X X X 0 X o X 10 X o X X 0 X o X I 10 
To\ol - 1 - 14 - 5 12 - 8 - - ltO 
Tabl. 37 
Ooourreu. . ( abloluh UDUnOIibveroe) rosf itthye  couflt aG ohrr Paonl1aP.d 1hlutat plo:n/&/iuorguas Kpi.affcere tm.u4 Pg. .ser:dl..u'o.sgutthat. .. Kieff'er in light 
oatoMe at vari.oua otat1ona in 1%6-1968. 
_.- 1961> 1961 1968 II IV T.I VU VIII II :I: XI xn I n IV V XI In I II I V V VI VII VIII II I Total 
Station. 
, POLYPDILlJI LO~ICRU3 J. c i X :I: :I: 1 2 I I I X 0 I o X o 0 I 0 x o X 1 7 
II o 0 o X X X X X I o X I X I X X X I X X X X X X 
IP 90 1 .5 I I I I II X I I 001 X 8 I I X 6 1.51 X I X 256 
!IX 2 8 I }90 2711- }5 X 4 X 1 :I: 56 9 870 BIt X 613 .5114 X 5 X I 1808 
r :I: 1 X 5 X 0 X 0 2, 57 0 o 0 X , X 6 2 X 0 I 33 X X HO 
• X X ,X  X X X X X X I 0 X 1 X 27 X o X X 0 X o X X 213 !otal. 92 10 '9' 274 }6 2 15 26 5& 56 10 870 llJ,. 8 12 15 37 20 137 38 1 2229 
POLIPliDILlJI GHISEOGtJ'l."TATtII 
J. o X X X X o o 1. o X X X 1 I o x o o X 0 x o X 0 1 
D 000 X 1. X X ). X 0 X X X :I: I X X X I X X X I I 
A 
II' 100 X X :I: :I: 0 X X Jt o 0 X X,.  1 X X X 4 .51 I X I Ii: 2 0 It , 51 o J: 0 X 1 X 13 0 31 X t 8 16 } X o :I: X 
t X 0 X o I o X 0 o 81 0 o 0 X 1 X , o X 1 I 5 I X 
• ,X  I X X X X I t I 0 lOX o X o I X 0 X o I I Total. - - , 51 - - ... 82 - l} 1'1. 5 1 9 8 16 8 }7 5 -
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OooiQl'd",," ( absolute """bora)oI' tla adults of Polypodil. . 4e1._ GoetgMbuor .., ,!. P . tuoUp ..... noffer 111 lisht 
..-. at w.rl.OWl .tatiolUl 111 1966-1968. 
a""tIIa II 11' VI VII VlII II X II III I II IV V Xl XIII I II IV V VI VII VIII II X !.tal 
Statio"" POl.!PIDILtJI lBLJmlII 
10 o X X x X o o X o X I X o X o I o 0 X 0 I o X o -
]) o o o X X X X X X o I I X X X X I X X I X X X X -
IP o o o X X X X 0 X X X o o X I o X I X 0 o X X -
IE 1 • • X 17 U o X 0 o X 1 o 11 o X o 1 6 2 I 2 I X 106 
r X , X 1 X o X 0 o 5 1 o o X o X 1 0 X 0 I o I X, 11 
• X X X X X X X I I X 0 I 1 X o I 2 I I 0 X o X X 3 
'l'otal 1 7 - 38 It! - - 5 1 1 1 11 - 3 1 6 2 - 119 
10 o I X I X o 0 X o I X X o X o I o 0 I 0 I o X 0 -
]) 0 00 I X x X A X o X I X X I I X X X X X X X X 
IP 000 I X I X 0 X I X o o X X 0 X X X 2 o X X X 2 
IE 'OX 1 o o X 0 I o X o o 16 o X o 0 o 0 X o X X 26 
r X ' X 3 I 1 :t 0 o 1 1 o o X o X o 0 X 0 X o X X 25 
• X X X I X X X X X X 0 X o X o X o X I 0 X o X X 
!etol , 19 - It ' 1 1 1 - 16 2 5' 
fable " 
00 __ (ob.Uelantei v...e.b rosroi)t yof  othfe  Gaduhlha nof aSt ihototothpil:'O//lluooUgO sopat'a1'fctr:Ie.u.a ung.t.reord iun .Ugsht o.tobee ot 
...-l._ .tau .... in 1966-.1968. 
.- 196' 1967 1968 n IT n YII VIII IX X II III I II IV ., II III I II IV ., 'fI 'fII 'fIII IX X Total 
StaU ... 
.I. 0 I 1 1 1 0 0 X 0 I X 0 I 0 X 0 0 I 0 I 0 X 0 -
II 0 0 0 X X I I X I 0 I 1 I X I I I X X X X I X I 
IJ' 1 0 0 X X X X 0 X X I 0 0 X X 1 X X X 0 1 X I I , 
:0; 6 12 I .n6 233 22 X 9 X 1 X 26 0 5 I,. X 1 0 I,. 0 X 1 X X 660 
y X 1 X 0 X 0 X 0 0 3 2 0 0 I 0 X 0 0 I 0 X 1 1 1 1 
• X I I I I X X I X X ,. I 0 X 0 I 0 X X 0 X 0 X X 4 
~atel 13 13 ,,6 233 22 - 9 ,. 6 26 5 ,. 1 1 ,. - 1 2 680 
~able 40 
~ U",..1n10i .v..e)  ~rs tihtey a doufl tsG orh Ca1nadoato nh,yttatrpou:a/ ~/1uldgasoapnoaWlc Geo.eut6hgob.lleOrd. uan.dg nhot identified t ..a l• • and 
all• • of' Tanyta.rou.l in li&ht oatoheB at various atationa in 19 1963. 
19" 1967 1968 
_.the II IV 1I m VIII IX I n xn I II IV V n XII I II IV V 1II VII YIn II I Total 
s tott. . ~US PSX1JIQWlCOS 
A ,a 1 1 X X 1 0 X } 1 X X 25 1 0 X 0 0 1 1 1 6 X 0 7l+ 
!) ,0  0 17 1 1 1 I I 1 0 X 1 X 1 1 X X 1 1 1 1 X X X 17 IP 2 0 0 1 1 I X (I X X lC 0 0 1 X 4J. X X X I,. 0 X X 1 1,.7 II: 6, 1 532 108 0 X 0 X 0 X 1,.06 30 67 9 1 0 10 3 0 1 1 X X ll68 
r 1 30 X 0 1 0 X 0 0 3/0. 0 0 0 X 0 X 1 0 X 0 1 8 X 1 • 73 X 1 X 1 X X X X I X It- I 1 I 6S 1 0 1 X 0 X 0 X I 70 Total 1,3 99 17 530 108 1 3 3/0. I,. 1,.06 56 67 71,. U 1 - 3 5 15 141>9 
'l'AIIY'WiSllS SPP (temaloe6 
A 12 X 1 X X 35 35 X 3 X I I 1 X 0 I 1 22 X 10 X I,. X 0 ll7 
» 0 0 123 X X I X I 1 0 X 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X 
lIP '£I 7 ". X X X X 2 X X X 5 0 X X 51. X X X 2 12 X I X 123 
II: Q 73 X 155 103 " 1 2 1 0 1 318 16 0 9 X 0 1 /0.10 3 1 3 X 1 879l,. T X 37 I 2S 1 1 X 0 86 18 6 5 0 1 5 X 5 1 1 0 1 105 X X 291!-
11 X X X 1 X 1 X X X X 22 X 23 X 0 .3- 50 ;, X I,. X 0 X X 099 
~otal 100 117 l'£I 180 1,.3 102 35 I,. 89 18 28 }2B 1,.0 110 51>- 36 20 ~ 13 12 U2 -.H..  -. 151,.0 
~us SPP (sal• •)  
A 0 X 1 1 X 0 0 X 0 1 X X 0 1 0 J. 0 0 X 0 X 0 0 
)) 0 0 0 X X 1 X X 1 0 1 1 1 1 X X 1 1 X X 1 X 1 1 
IP 0 0 0 1 1 1 X 0 X "A  X 0 0 X X 0 X X X 0 0 1 1 I 
II: 15 1 X 102 36 1 X 0 X 0 X 0 0 0 1 I 0 0 0 0 X 0 X 1 96 r 1 0 '( 
• 0 X 0 1 0 
0 1 0 2 0 I 1 X 0 0 X 0 1 0 X 1 I,. 
1 1 X 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 0 X 3 1 0 X 0 X X 0 X 0 X X 3 
'fotal 15 1 10.2 " 1 1 2 :; 2 103 
OWWltWU&One tiIv eoh1r. s.., i,,t0y01 4 olaf.  .G... h1na bnatat.  .h _tt1p•: •// aut g...s. ripO\al8 c.~et.1uong. .ien d19u65.-g19h68 . 
a~\t. .. AmS- OOIlI IP.llIDU lED n.n AlPlIII AI: D IP lit Y .t. 
000 lmACIII 
...1 10 .. tI _lao , ,. 1 5 5 • 6 } 6 6 } 6 S } 6 1 } 2 6 I } 15 lS 15 110 12 y .... 6566 6S " 67 68 " 67 68 " 67 68 66 67 68 65 " 67 68 196s - 1968 
cqaod.~ 
faaJpoM'M + - - + - + + + - + + + + - + - + - + + + + + + + 
Criocrtopu - - - - - + - - - - - + + - - - - - - - + - + + -
ru. ..._  + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 
Di-..up. . ohl. ...... + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + 
Dio. ...a d1I> .. oml.~hpt.a.. .. - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + - + 
:D1a:rot:.lIII1,. • • p.l - + + + - - + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + 
Di_~. . ap. 2 + - + + + - + + + + + + - + + - + + + + + + + 
-~ + - + + + + + - + + + + + - + - - - - + + + + + -
J1Uodcma + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 
Cl'JPtoohil'GD<aUa 11JM1-ri + - - - - + + - - - - - + - - - - - - + + + - + -
c. at. 4....:11'iomoa - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + 
c. ~aroep. + + + + + - + + + + + - + - + + + + -
P~e41l_ we 1 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - + + + + -
P~e41l_ "P. 1 + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 
St1o~ oet'tIvI.u + + - + + + + - + + + + + - + - - - - + + + + + -
~. . II1&roo1aotu - - - + + + + + + - - - + • - - - + - + + + + + 
T. fit. 'bal."_ -- - - + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - + + + + -
T. group l&ute_ "P .n - - + + + - - - - - - - - - + - + - - + 
-Cl~"'P __D "'" + + + + + + + + + + - - + ,-. - - - - + + + + -9 7 12 110 110 15 17 13 15 16 15 16 U7 1} 6 6 11 12 19 17 171711 
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~7 
Tab1. /0.2 
Depth distribution of six ••J or groups of bott<lll organl. •• in 
1965, 1966 alii. 1968 at Yari.oua stationa, e~rea ••d  sa percen-
tap abun4anc. by number f or eaoh of the t hree depth Ion• • 
(1-30>., 5-9m, aJ1d 11-2S00) • 
.\XOS<IIBO 
roar a1th aone 1 - 3 5 - 9 11-25 total 
.) 
organia 
Chironaddae 93.U loB.15 so. 00 91.85 
Porl.lla &dueta 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
'rrlC1hoptora 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0. 00 
1965 Oligoohooto 5.55 Sl.85 SO.OO 7.~ 
Chooboridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
Otho" group. 1.~ 0. 00 0.00 1.01 
'roto! 96.~ 3.01 0.45 100.00 
Ch1ronoa1dae 9l.910- 97.18 0. 00 9J. &. 
portlla adulta 1.61 0.00 0.00 1.03 
TriC1hoptora 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
1966 OUg_to 6.,.5 2.82 0. 00 5.13 
Chaoboridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 
Other grouP. 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 
Toto! 63.59 36.U 0. 00 100.00 
IIOIII 
Ch1ronaddoo 73.56 70.24- n.u 73.02 
Porilla adUlt. 22.82 17.86 9.68 21.29 
'rrlC1hoptera 0.82 }.58 3.23 1.loB 
1966 Oligocbaota 0. 66 2.39 6. ,.5 1.2'> 
Chooboridae 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 
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Tabl. 1,.2 (oolltinuea.) 
DODI 
T. ... a.~th 00" Total 
la ) 1 - 3 5-9 11-25 
Other group. 2.1/0. 5.93 2.97 
Total 75.37 20.79 100. 00 
ChironCDidu 91.75 97. 03 94.87 93.81 
Porllla aduata 2.12 0. 1+2 0.00 1. 25 
Tri chop t sra /0..95 1. 28 O.as 3. 22 
1968 OUgoohaeta 0.1,.7 0. 85 3.1,.3 1. 010-
Chaobortdae 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
other sroupa 0.71 0. 1+2 0. 85 0. 61. 
Total Slk 61. 30. 26 15. 08 100. 00 
IPAIIIlU 
Chil'Ol1aaidu 71o. 2S 1,5.60 40.00 6Zo.55 
Povllla adusta 9.18 40. 80 0. 00 1,. sa 
Trl.ohoptera 3.99 1. 60 0. 00 3.18 
1966 OU gochaeta 6. 79 5. 60 20. 00 6.48 
Cbaoborldu 0. 00 0. 00 1,.0. 00 0. 26 
other groups 5. 79 5. 1,.0 0.00 5. 95 
Tatel 65.27 33. 07 0. 66 100. 00 
Chironaaid. . 66. 86 73. 59 75. 00 68.85 
Portlla aduata lJ,..86 15. 09 0. 00 13. 93 
Trtohoptara 8.57 5. 66 12.50 8. 20 
1968 OUgocila . ta /0..00 3. 77 12.50 /0..51 
Chaobortdao 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
Other groups 5.71 1. 89 0. 00 /0..51 
Total 71.72 21.72 6. 56 100. 00 
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49 
T.bl0 42 (oontinUOd) 
DTB IOIACHI 
Yo .... 40pth lone 1 - } 5 - 9 ll - ~ Totol 
(.) 
IhironCll140o SO.OO 73.98 88. 210- 61. OS 
Porllla 04uato 2O.SO 13.101 0. 00 16. 86 
Tn obopte.- S. lS "-07 5.88 -/I.. 72 
1966 Oli800hoot. 15.76 5. 69 5. 88 11.SO 
Choollor14oo 0. 00 0.101 0. 00 0.17 
Other ,roup. 8.79 2. 104 0 . 00 ,.~ 
Totol .55. 65 4J.. 108 2.87 100.00 
Cbironmd. . 89.}9 87.}5 78. 6} 97. 27 
Porllla ""'1lOt. 2.55 0. 6, "'. 00 1.7} 
Triohoptora 3.82 5. 06 5. 1, ... 29 
1968 Olisoohuto 1.91 0. 6, 13. 68 3. 49 
Chooboridu 0. 21 5.06 2.56 1. 61 
Other _Up' 2.1 2 1.27 0.00 1. 61 
Totol 63.:u,. 21.. 18 lS. f8 100.00 
YlIJI 
Chironcm.d .. 81.96 59.72 4}. 9C 71.40 
Porl.lla aduata 7.89 22. 92 29. 27 l/i..6} 
Triohoptera 1.88 5. 56 12. 20 3. 99 
1966 Olllloohaota Jo.,89 10. 42 ],., 610- 7.S!. 
Chooboridae 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
Other group. ' .}8 1.}9 0. 00 2. 41. 
Totol !'8. 98 '1.93 9. 09 100. 00 
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50 
Table 42 (contin118a) 
Yoar depth ._ 1 -} 5 - 9 ll-25 Total 
(m) 
organi_ 
YEJI 
Chironcru.daa 92.61 89.9/i. 86.26 91.17 
Povilla dUlta 1.16 0.59 0. 00 0.89 
Trichoptem 2.18 J. 55 1. S} 2.35 
1968 Ollgoohaeta 2.18 1. 78 4.58 2.4-6 
Chaobori4 .. 0•  .50 2. 96 6.87 1.90 
Otha r groUps 1.35 1.18 0.76 1. 2} 
Total 66.48 18. 88 14.610 100.00 
.lllP1ilI 
Chironc:oidaa n.1oB 25.n 9. 09 68. 30 
Podlla dust. 0.00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
Triohoptero 0. 00 0. 00 0. 60 0. 00 
1966 0l.1&oah ...t a 7.06 2. 06 0 . 00 6. 18 
ChD.obcriclae 5. 92 69. 08 90.91 17.12 
Other P'Ou,p1 9.54 3.09 0. 00 8. 40 
Total 82.91 15.35 1. 74 100. 00 
Chironc:oi4u 52.86 87. 92 25. 00 61.49 
Porilla 04ua 1:& 6.4} 2. ll 0. 00 5.31 
Tricboptoro 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 
1968 Ol1&ochao1:& 7. 65 1. 51 62.50 6.44 
Chaoboridaa 1.7} 5.14 :1.2.50 2.6S 
Otbor SZ'O'4Ia }l.}} }. }2 0.00 24.ll 
Total 74.30 25. 09 0. 61 100.00 
'l'aU. JOJ 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.ell1dotribuutl.C.Ilg ~ hCb1l'01laoidae (nd:Jl.ta) 111 light catob. ..t  -..1.,... atat1cma 111 1966-1968 (absolut e Ilumbars). 
- 'IOId'J.LAD- SOll'lB VOLTA LAIJI - _ 1lOm" IPAlIlIO D'llI DACBI IBJZ IIPAKl"'" ~ 110. td Aba. No.or '? Ro. or Abl. No.at 110. td Ab.,IIa.of" total ~ 6 No. of Aba. 1l0.of " total No. af Ab., No, of " tot al 110. o~ I.b. , No <4 " tot&.l Napl • • epeo1mena "o p.tocWtaooll l& ~ t 9. 0' .~le. epeo1aeZUI " total opoo1Dna sapl •• • pada. ... op.o1JoOI" .""'P1ea apea1meD4 apeot.an • ~ <f l eaplaa 6peo1aena apeoiaena 96' aampl e. apeowne 8peo.iaell.l 
!!.IJIIPODIlIU 16 0,21> 0,58 0 0 S O.Jl 73 23 0.78 5 1.08 
Ablabe.,u app.D41oulat o U.tter + + 3 S 0,0/0. + 1 2 0,/0.3 
A. cIIlaol.1l1 GooqheWlr + 5 11 0,09 
A. ploUp. . nett.r + 1 1 0.01 'i!l 
A. ll1lot1oe nett.r + 1/0. 0.20 + + 2 5 o.Jl + 10 S5 0,43 + 4 9 0.31 + 1 0,65 
A. _ lal.uca l:eetp.Wlr + 1 1 0,03 
+ 1 1 0.02 + 2 0,110. 
CliIlot&l\7pus olarlp ...1 l1o U.tter + 2 2 0,07 
C. aaoula.tua Pre-.n + 1 1 0,02 
Proclad1ua aaoulM_ J're-.an + 1 1 0,03 
ProolacUua sp . ncR idllltit1.a + 1 6 0,20 
+ 
fal\n>ocl1.DM 1l0~ l d. ..t l.n.. .. 1 1 0.01 
Tabl.o 1,.3 (oont1n\l8d) 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
- VOL!#. :LAD - SOIJ'l.'ll VOL!#. LAD - I«lR'lII J)()m- IPA1ID11 IMR IllACIII YBJI !PABA"'" Ifo. ar Ab .. 1I00of " tout tS Ifo, of .Ahl. lfo.f1f " tout ci' 110, c4 .lb., 110 c4 "total 9 6 110. or .lb • • No of " total rS If. . of Aba, No c4 " total If. . of _ 1• • Aba, No at " total apeo.iaena ope_. _1. . OPllOlaeDO opoolJaell.l ~ aapl •• Ipeo1aena 1p9~B lamplea epcciaenl 'pech ens c:; samples speo1aens apeot.ena '? J sample a ape cn.enl apeo1a.nI 
C!IIBOI«:WJJIQ 67~ 96.02 '2!J7 62072 lSB3 96.52 1:1436 96.55 85.lI,. 365 78.108 
CIIIBOIIIJIDII 6640 ~81 190 57,57 1570 95072 10709 82.21 2J1,.l 79.28 353 75,89 
Ch1raI1cau aoott1 netter + + 1 38 0,55 '.". 
C. t rennaelena1a noff.r + 2 3/0. 0.50 + 1 24 l,J06 + 2 I,. 0, 03 + 1 1 0.03 
C. all_ , neffsr + 5 1,.75 6.92 • 2 ~ l,lID + 10- 310 2,38 + 3 7 0.210- + 1 1 0.21 
C. oalipte. ... noffsr + 2 3 0.010- + + 2 2 0.01 + 1 2 0.07 + + 1 8 1.72 
C. taraooipOODia noffsr + + 8 ~ 0.3/0. + + 3 62 18.79 + 
, 
+ 126 7.~ + + :r,. 11/0.6 B.B9 + + 17 2S8 8.71,. + + 5 82 17.63 
C. Dioola X1e:ttar + 1 1 0.02 + 1 10- 1.21 + + 7 101 6.1
6 + + 22 1100 1,09 + 11 46 1,56 + 2 13 2080 
C. o. f' • 1a:toola n. ne.r + 1 5 0.010-
C. 'P. not ident1t1. .. + lo- U 0.32 + B 76 20 57 
J)1oroteD4ip.. .v.aam.oua 2001 + l'N~ + + 11 6.66 + 1 1 0.30 + 7 33 + 18 + 173 l,J/o. + + 6 B3 2081 + 3 32 6.88 
II. oordatus I1off.r + 1 :; 0.17 
D. krl.bUkola noffor 2 2 0.12 + + + 11 27 0.21 + + 1 ~ 8 0.78 
II. ohlol"QnotuJ: X1e.ttar + + 1 5 0.07 0.1 + 12 + + 2 3 + 32 0.25 + + e '2!J 0.68 + 1 5 1.08 
10.92 + 
D. aal tiapiDoaul Frelaall + + 2 3 0.010- + 1 1 0.30 + + 8 179 + 
17 2535 1~1.55 + + 6 22 0.75 + 1 1 0.21 
• .. S' 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Tabl0 ,.3 (ocmtinuad) 
lOLTA LAD -30II.1II VOLTA UD - IIORTI! 
IIOmo 
:a: 
1P.umtI D'I'B IQlACIII 1EJI !PAllA 
d' If .. ~ -A.b .. No.ot ~ total Ifa. ~ Ab .. . o.~ " total '? If. . at Ab • • ll0. at ~ total o Ifo. of: '( Ab •• l'1. . ~ " t otal 0 11 .. of: Ahs. Ro.at % total If.. of: .Aba. No. fit "total aMpl •• speoimens ~.o.1ae ZUI _ 10. apeo1aena apec1aena 0' aapl• • opeo1uD.l "1'001*" <f .-.pl e. ape o1Jlena ape cd.mem 9- ..p l ea apeo1mena spe o1aena l( 6 _ ..p l •• apeo1JMDIS .peoiaena 
1111_ bredbuoco It1.otfor • • 9 317 4,,62 • 1 10..210 • • 3 31, 12.74 • • 10 "'-2 '.23 • • 11 312 10.57 • • 56 l.2.010 
If. lIrnipolpl 1 n ot:t:er + + 1 61 3.72 + 1 1 0. 01 + + 6 19 0.610 
11. f: racrtilobws n ot:t:or + + 9 ,.9ItO 72.03 • + 5 ,.7 :u..210 + + 9 ,." 26.40 + + :!4 29103 22.60 + + 18 836 28. 30 • + 5 1101 30.32 
II. 1'\18". U ener + 1 31 0.101. • + 110 296 2.31 + • 13 2It.5 8.30 • + 2 2 0.,.3 t:: 
XeoohiranCIIUB tri. .t  ••U I X1etrer + + 1 58 3.5'-
C!7ptooldraocaaa l'".".r17ro_ • 1 1 0.02 + + 1 15 0.92 • + 110 17,. 1,25 • • 5 39 1. 32 + 1 I; 0,21 
C. 410ema n ef'h,r + 3 7 0. 05 
C, f:oro1paw. 7ro_ • • 3 27S 10..01 + 11.,.9 + 1 I ' 0.06 • • 16 ,.98 3.8, • • 5 79 2.68 + 1 1 0,21 
C. ...t wo Goo~_r • • 3 22 0.32 • • 2 3 0. 10 
C. maaitoroepa n .t!'ar • 1 1 0.02 • + 6 21 0.16 
c. "P. not l doDtifiot + 2 2 0,01 
• 
St.nooM PCIIlClll\&l tp . Dot i dent1t1ec1 + 1 1 0,01 
PolJpedU,. dOlot. . Goot&!>ob. .r  
' - I 
Tabl e 43 (oontinued) 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
IlOU'1'Ii VOLTA LAD VOLTA I.UJI - - NOIlm 
110m- 1P.t.Nro U'l'lI lJIACHI AIIPlIII = IIPAIIA:a 
6 Wo. of Aba. Bo. a£ ~ total 
, Iro" at Iro" at Ab • • lro at ~ t otal 110. at Ab .. Iro"at 
0 ~ total. Cj>,s 
Aba. NQ. ~ " total <5 No. 01' Ab • • Nq. at % tot al. No . or Ab • • lro at ~ total 
<f ap opeo1M". 'f "_l ea apeclmena epeoiae. 
Cj> If 
"""Pl .. eo:f.me a&IDpl el lupl ils specimens .peot.ene 
<j> Ga'lIplea O~ DI lpeo.1aeDIJ epeo1aelll apaoiJllena apec1Dena ~ aampl es .peoiaem specimens 
+ 13 0.7~ 
Pol1poW. . dolot.. G001:chelnaor + 9S + + 5 II 0.37 + 2 3 0. 65 
15.12 + 21 8 
P. loaclorua n.ft"er 0.10 ++ 
7 3t8 + 920 7.ll + + 130 
10 10.40 + 1 + + 7 1 0.21 
~ 2.56 + + 12 107 0.83 + 
P. srt. oocuttot.. n on.. . 1 1 0.02 + + 3 + 5 91 3.08 + 
+ + 1 2 0.12 + + 2 o.lJo. 
P. 1\1 ae1penna n ef"t'er 10-
+ 1 2 0.12 + 2 0. 05 p. 7 anaulatlaPre_ + + 1 2 0. 03 
+ 
+ 3 10 0. 08 P. bl'Ulllleioomi. n otror + + + 3 21 0.71 
P. } a.tulfi 0 . 02 Gootshebaer + 1 0. 06 + 3 + 2 2 O,~3 
1 
POl1tapoWua -.1_1 Pro_ + 1 0. 01 
+ 8 ... oat'f'rar1ua notror 0.~·9 + + 18 761 S~.1;ooh1ronoo. 5.79 + + 8 0.27 ~ 1 0.8& 
+ 2 0. 02 
La"toli>omi. llo f'laoOj\Uttoto notro .. 
13 0.80 1727 13.~ 5.8& 
'rAIIft.lIlllIl 173 12 83 1.21 2.59 17 5.1$ 
+ , 13 0.10 
'J:~ ... ~otua Pro. ... 
or. .....u.? Pro_ 
+ , + + 2 62 0." o.ltJ + 16 
'f. Ip . not i4entit1ecl + 2 9 0.13 
7 + SloB 4.22 + + 100 3.39 + + 2 7 1.51 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Tab1. 1>3 (ooutinuod) -
VOLT.I. LAX!! 
VOLTA. LAD lIORm - - SOl1l'll 
-
1IOm- IPAMIU ltE'l'B XIIACI!I lBJI IIPAIllXlt 
at or No. t:L .r ~cf No. of Abo. No at " t otal ?-6 11'0. o£ Abs. tic of " totAl <1 Ka. of 11'. . .lb3. " ;;. 6' Abo. 1I. . Ab .. 1I'o at oa apooiaena ~ sampl es " total. <f No. or Aba. llo or % total. '? 6' eampl ee apeoimena "a pteoo1tea]e.n l 9 _ 1 • • " totol lIptlc1Mna apeoiaena llImpl •• apoG1. .." ", apooiJlO lam.pl aa ap!!cim.ena Bpeo:1muna apecu.ena ~ samples .p.~n. apec1aeDa 
Cldo~u. p.eu4_ _ Goetsbobur + + 6 1.08 + 1 17 5.1S + + • , oS1 + + 15 1096 8.50 + + 73 2.1>7 + + 2 S 1.08 
C. reduotua , JOrelll!l&ll + 2 8 0. 06 
Dot 1dentitie4 11 1. 71> 1 1:!3 37.2B 9 S2 3. 17 21 373 }'87 1>16 11>.08 95 2O.~ 
''""  
fatal 6858 100. 00 330 100.00 161to 100, 00 12882 100. 00 2953 100. 00 1>65 lOO.oo 
• 5_l1D& poriod :rebruar,y 19" - JIUl. ..r ,y 1967 
:at Slllp~ period peb.-r;r 1967 - Allglat 1968 
Par n1aber at .lllllpl.inc aqa and .(I2th. Me Table n n . 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
1BSr AJ'IIICA 
Volta Wk, lfw>&ua 
(!hau.I, 1966) (Pre....", 1955, 1
ca
,;,v-a,  19561>, 1957&"  1958 
1961) 
lI1~,a a-..m.OUB ,....." + 
Do _ta Jrien',r + + 
I). tr!b11oola Jrieffor + + + CIIDD X'Otm 
D. abloraDotu. n.e1"1"er + + t>1w>a, 111&01'10, llahaoe.r, Upper Volta, Senegal 
I). aultlspiDosa . J're_aa + + Upper Volt .. 
lfUodorla br. .1 buoca Uottor + + Senegal 
If. br. .i palp1. l:1effor + + ~ 
B, t'raotUolntB lt1eft"er + + + 
I . Ngoa_ K1.e trer + + + 11&11 
+ 
I ...o ah1ronca"" tri. .t oa Ul l101'tor + 
+ 
C'7Pt oob1r<ncau.s llnanori,....." + + 
+ 
C. l10eraa Ileffer + Nigeria, Uppor Volta 
+ 
C. l'onipatuo Pre ...... + + 
+ 
c. MUtua G<>o~_r + 
+ 
C. lIlI4i:toroepl X1e~r + + + 
PolJpe41l_ cIale tua Goe t clio1laor + ~hene, I/i&eria 
+ 
p . 1cmg1.orua noffor + ~hene + 
p. giaoopttat.- ne"O~ + Ghana. Cameroun 
+ 
P. 1'Uoo1po"", nef'1'er + Gbana. Senepl + 
P. mnulat\8 Frea:D&D + Nigoria , Senegal 
P. "bruDMiCOnli8 ne~er + 
P. 4ewult'i <roetghebU8r + + !I1geria 
-
University of GhanTaabl .h Jotlt.t p( . 0:I/lt/1uJlUg04s) pace.ug.edu.gh
BaT APBICA LAII:B CHAJ) 
(DeJ01tt 1968&) 
Vol.ta _ (Freeman, 1955, 1956&, 1956b, 1957&, 1958, 
1961) 
Pctope41l. . witM1 he_an + Nigeria, Upper Tol. ta, Senegal 
S liilot:ooh1roncau oatt'rariua n etfer + + c. ...r oun + 
Lagterb.mien. hoo_tteta n offar + l1I!er.ia, IIppor Vol.ta + 
T~ 
TeQ7tarallO lIip'ocinotua In. ..... + N1gar.ia, 1\>per Vol.ta • 
f . .ariee? J'reeaau + GIIana, lageria + 
CladotaJ\Ttanu. p .._ _u a Goetghebuor + + Ghana, N1ger.ia + 
C. reduotus ;rre.an + IIpper Vol. ta + 
, Tab1. 105 
-" 
PoripUl\Tnt1oiv l.eIl.,r.rsteibtyra teo. f Ghat flooadond a_ h.t tapt ://ugsvorl .... .ptaauc. ..e. .u1g9.i ll 67e-1d>9u. .ghstandi DS orop ill ac. 
" t otal 
StaU .... 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 Total stantl jDg 
CIrpDI.- orop 
OJ.1coobaeta 0.1 1.2 2.10. 9}.0 0. 1 96.8 0. 206 
-IlaiWM 0.1 1. 2 2.1,. 9}.0 0.1 96.8 0.151 2.0 33. 2 35.2 0. 055 crutaoo. 3. 5 0.1,. 3. 9 0. 001,. 
Coa_trhaooo.4_a  1. 0 0. 1,. ' .5 0.001 
C1'll0llbd.a hialop1 2.5 2.5 0.003 
'"
II;yIlraoarl.D& 0. 5 0.5 0. 00l. '"  
1II>-l'II>ta.- 617.9 17100. 0 3800. 0 . }O2.1 25lo5.3 19500.0 91,.00. 0 1600. 0 3201,..9 58070. 2 90.1,.23 
Proal. .. 1.0 100 0. 002 
Po>1lla 04".ta 617. 9 17100. 0 3/lQO.0 302.1 251t4.} 19500.0 91,.00.0 1600. 0 3201,.. 9 58069.2 90.1,.21 
O4_to 29. 0 2}.0 52. 0 0.081 
lIT,optora 29. 0 2}. 0 52.0 0.081 
Triohoptora 10.9 129.7 18. 5 132.5 1,.}}8. 5 89.7 21., ~9 1,.766,2 7.428 
O_rtho"tr. iohia 1.0 0. 5 0.5 0. 009 10.9 129.7 5.0 15. 0 }86. 2 89.7 21.5 21,..10. 682. 1,. 1.062 
.IoIphipJl1Oho 13.5 116.5 }952.} 4Q82.} 6.}57 
University of Ghani'aabl ah 11t6t p( o:o/n/t!u.nugoas) pace.ug.edu.gh
1 2 /0. 5 , 7 8 9 Total ll total Stati ... 
Organi_ atanding 
crop 
Col.opto. . 1.5 52.0 5.2 245.5 5.5 1/0../0. 324.1 0.502 
P.-ed.Ytoa 1/0../0. 1/0../0. 0.022 
JI1drapti114M 5.2 5.2 0.006 
Celaopto. . not 1401lti.t'iea 1.5 52.0 245.5 5.5 30i0.5 0./0.7/0. 
Dipta. . 39.6 313.0 /0.2.6 60./0. 3/0.3.5 '<1.0 6.1 26.1 858.3 1.336 
CbiraD. ... 1a. . 39. 6 309.5 /0.2.6 60.10- 210-9.5 20.5 5.9 26.1 75J,..1 1. 17/0. 
Chiroacwia. . ).&naIl 33.1 273. 5 38.3 51.5 151.0 20.5 5.9 24.9 5~ '1.""2 , 
Ch1ra>aI14u pup. . 6.5 }6.0 J,..j 8. 9 98.5 1.2 155. /0. 0.242 
Coratap08onia .. 3.5 9J,..0 6.5 0.2 101,..,2 a.l Gi' 
Ko1.1_ U.8 U.8 0.019 
Gaatropacla U.8 U.8 0.019 ..  
ADiaua oontua 1.0 1.1l 0.002 
BuUnua trunootua 10.8 10.8 0.017 
'rO'r.U. 668.5 1757J,..10- 3870.5 344. 7 2786,,6 24520.5 952~.2 1660.9 3270.7 6}219. 0 100.000 
No s t ation Data 110 StatiOll Data 110 Statio"" Data 
1 Amp ... 21. 6.1968 10- ~_u 8. J,.. 1967 7 hta Xraohi 9.5.1969 
2 lap- 13.5.1969 5 ~andu 19.12.1967 8 Yoji 10.5.1969 
3 Dodi 7.5.1969 6 ~andu 8. 5.1969 9 IIpeha 16.6.1968 
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l'el'1plQ't;io j.nnrtobr.t• • or no_ tree. at __ .tati .... in 1967-1969 ••1 nmdanoe b;r IlIDbar at organ1_. 
(oIooolwto Il1IIIIbora). StatiODO" in Table ItS. 
Paroen- Paroenoo 
Station 1 2 3 /0. 5 6 7 8 9 Total tago 
Orpnt_ ocourr-
ano.( =~ o eo .te.d  
Oll~ 2 /0. 6 3 1 16 55.5 0.35 
.u1lUae 2 /0. 6 3 1 16 55.5 0.25 
H1raah u 3 3 6 22.2 0.10 
Crua_ 7 1 8 22.2 0.13 
Ootroooaa /0. 1 5 22.2 0;'08 
CGI1ohoo_ 3 3 11.1 
C7ol ••t hori. hi.lopl 3 3 11.1 0.05 
lJ,JdroouiDa 1 1 11,1 0.02 
Ip_roptora 75 1592 189 173 48.5 1313 /0.78 53 J.l4. 4472 100.0 71.17 
ProalOOClll 1 1 11.1 0.02 
Porilla l14uato 75 1592 189 173 4&. 1313 /0.78 53 ll/o. 4471 100.0 7/0..95 
OdOll&to 1 1 2 22,2 0.03 
Znaptera 1 1 2 22.~ 0.03 
TrlGllaptna 5 58 16 661 11 808 88.9 13.55 
Orthotrloh1a 1 1 2 22,2 0.03 
Eon. .... 5 2 7 1610- 9 10 299 88.9 5.02 
Aoophip.1OM 2 8 1>17 507 33.3 8.50 
• University of GhanaTa bhlet lto.p6 :(o//""ut1gn"s"ipI.) ace.ug.edu.gh
Percen- Peroen-
Stat1 .. 1 2 } 4 5 , 7 8 9 Total. toe- toe-
Org_ _ 00 ......... total 
onoo organi• • 
ool l ••t oa 
Ccal.Mptora 1 7 16 } 1 }2 6f..7 O.SIt 
P.~ 1 1 11.1 0.02 
1\1dI'aPt1l1c1a8 4 4 1l.1 0.07 
Colo"Ptora not iuntU'1oil. 1.+100 1 7 16 } , 27 4/;.4 0.45 Diptora 19 201 U 75 19} 5} 26 614 88.9 10.29 
Cia1.rcmoda •• 19 181 U 75 181 16 4 26 SIt} 88.9 9.10 
faDWocU n,- 1 2 } 6 }}.} 0.10 
j))lal>o~ 1 2 } 6 }}.} 0.10 ''""  
Oftbool-41 SMe 20 20 1l.1 0. 31+ 
Crloot"Pu 20 20 11,1 0.31+ 
ChRirscioli_D1 19 180 }9 75 161 16 2} 517 88. 9 8. 66 Cb1l"Clc.u  2 2 1l.1 O.O} 16 158 }7 31+ II } 22 285 88.9 4.78 
Diorotonll.ipo. oblorcootoo 15 15 ll.l 0.22 
Diarotondip• • "P.l. } } ll.l 0.05 
l)1crown41p• • ap.2. 2 52 }}.} 0.87 
KDaooh1rou_WI 2 2 1l.1 O.O} 
PoJ.ypoil.il1a t ;ypo 1 15 9i> l. 114 41+.4 l.!n 
CbircncoiD1 pup" 17 2 9 14 1 46 66.7 O.n 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
Peroen-
Stat1C11l 1 2 5 6 7 8 , top 
t otal 
on .. organi •• 
ooll eoted 
.01C1e_ra toposcm1_ 20 l2 37 2 71 4'..4 1.19 7 7 11. 1 0. 12 
Gaotropoaa 7 7 11.1 0.l2 
.a.m.sus ooretua 1 1 11.1 0. 02 
Jul1 •• truncatua 6 6 11.1 0.10 
'I'OUL 101 1857 200 214 60S 2186 578 72 153 5966 100.00 el 
fabla ,.7 
U(n~iv.e~ rasndi tayU nodifn gG orhopa (n..a;. . 2h) totrp th:/e/ ubagttosap f aucnae o.f uthge .lelladolut V.goltha Rinr rap1ch at 
ourren ftloa1 101.s. 
.tJIlJIOlAI'I" SfAmlII& CROP 
Currut ...1 001·\y in ...;_ CurreDt ..1 001 V 
o.s- 5 3) - 40· 75 5 20 - 4fJ. 75 
aua-ta 66 10.9 
no. ... te. .. 11 201 22 181. 8 ll38.8 278.1 
""Perla opio 11 201 22 181. 8 ll38.8 2;8.1 
Bpbm.rop_n. IOU 1,.703 1995 2740 1931.6 3928.1,. 3625. 6 4453.4-
IlutU. ..  
B_tl. IIp.l. 33 296 121 88 19.7 212.4- 87.6 111.7 
PaeMool.o.on .P.l. 40 99 121 16.8 82.1 173.0 
Aoe:ntralla 77 40.5 
Buti.4u 'P . 1 22 18 88 19.7 27.7 60. 2 
Heptapm1,,_ 
Atrwl1l1"'ll8 ap.l 11 55 87. 6 lS1,..4-
At'roDvu.8 11' . 2 139 31>3.1 
Leptophl. Wdae 
Cbarotezp • • (lIIIthraolua) 723 66 307 77 1300.1 1,.1.6 240.' 39.5 
fbraolua 22 11 76.7 16. 4-
LeptaphlebUdae IIp.l 33 26 21,..1 lI,..6 
frioOJ7th14ae 
Trioor,ythua 22 621 1095 16S1,. 190.5 1315.8 2923.7 3590.5 
L 'roble 47 (oontinued) 
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh
A111l11!loU!C1 S'UNDIIlG CliCIP 
Current "1001 V ill "';• • 0 Current ...l 00iV 
5 20 ~ ItO" 75 140 20 ~ 40· 75 
c.a'" 
C. .D i .... ",.1 161,. 31.93 YJ7 635 87. 6 1951>.6 120.5 438.0 
Proeq>1ataoa ti. ... 
Pro.oplo_ 11 10- 8.8 1. 8 
Od_te 44 44 33 22 1179.3 3465.7 8501.5 5438.8 
Zygoptora 33 11 856.3 317.5 
.Am_ap"'" ~ !p.l, 2, 3 11 44 22 22 323.0 3465.7 8184,0 5438.8 
Triohop_ft 31.3 1332 2170 7206 655. 9 5215.1 6507. 6 :lOB35. 2 
~1W 
:CH=sm? 11 18. 3 18. 6 
Bu_1d. 
__ op.l 321 652.6 
, op.2 77 186,2 
ap. , 33 49.3 
~.".M' •• 
. 
.tetMloptora c1iopu :Up. 131 187 , " 787.'- 3087.9 
K&Cl" I. ... 'p.l 219 l4ll6. 7 
~ 
University of GhTaabl 0n 4a7  (h."t"ttpI.J:le/d/)u gspace.ug.edu.gh
AIItlIUlANl3 StAllDIJ«: CROP 
Current ...1 001 ty i n arI ••• Current "l.cit y 
Orsani_ 
5 :1l) - 1tIJ" 75 140 55 20-4tfj" 75 
c_ L-A • s- ....t at . 22 34. 2 
_tap~ Ip.l 851. 1686 6625 2630. 2 2769.0 140".1 
Che_tapoyeha "1>.2 11 }5.4 
Pro"-e. ....... 197 }} 197 1690.0 30'-.4 ~534.9 
Ioep_ria.. 
P. .1 l4oll9tooerua ap.l 22 151. 121 3.3 53.} 117.5 76." 
PH1l4olept_rua lip. 2 11 8.4 
Coloaptar& 198 274 2",..3 94.2 159. 2 1702.8 
!lr7api4M 
Pet..OMfta 22 62.4 
PotamO<l3"taa II 70.1 
s tenela:ll 55 88 33 252 27.4 29.2 21. 9 124.9 
St&nelo1a ja, II 16.10 
Pacl\)'ellaia 99 106 2.9 186 }5.1 41.3 82.1 59.1 
PMb,yellW ja, 11 II 3.3 4.4 
lIiorocUnotaa 2. 2 
1r3>'in14. . II II 251.9 147B.} 
D,yUaa14ae II 19.7 
D,yU.a14aa ill. II 49.3 21.5 
University of GhanTaabl ..h ,t.7t p(o:O//llut1nguesd)p ace.ug.edu.gh
AB1JIIll.t.IICB STAmm CROP 
Curront Y81oo1~ in caI •• o. Current ..l oci ~ 
.5 20 - 40' 7.5 20-40•  75 
Ioep14~tora 11 ;u 59.1 
PpoltMAM 11 11 .59.1 
Dtptora r Y72 ,.,.9 39.5 190.5 
Til>ulU. . 1. + p. 11 22 66 96.5 
LeptidM 18 213.2 
Siau111lao ,. 1 • .5 
CIdrOI1aoidM 1.57 35." 59.1 
Ch1rcmcwt,d .. p. 11 9•  .5 32.9 
Dtptora 1. + not 1donttt104 :u 13.9 
t..ell1branoh1& 11 11878. 6 
lItheria eUptioa l.l 11878. 6 
2075 6727 ..9 32 19173.5 
Botes -are r ~1"1 27'9aa
2; ~or other ourrent ftlooi ti• • the area sampled wa_ ru ra2 in each. 
The II1&ht (atandi.ns: crop) of Leptooeridp 1s gin n without ou e8 ; Laoolllbre.nohi.'1 are !lot 
ina1",.4 into 1'otol.. 
All Irgani •• are lart'ae , unless otherw::l.se indicated; p. := pupa, 111 • • 1aago, 1. • larra.