Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes In Twenty Volumes Volume VIII GLASGOW PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE Ii>' COMPANY LTD. FOR JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW MACMILLAN AND CO. LTD. LONDON THE MACMILLAN CO.. 'NEW YORK SIMPKIN, HAMILTON AND CO. LONDON MACMILLAN AND BOWES CAMBRIDGE DOUGLAS AND FOULIS EDINBURGH MCMV Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World In Sea V oyages and Lande Travells. by Englishmen and others By SAMUEL PURCHAS, B.D. VOLUME VIII Glasgow James MacLehose and Sons Publishers to the University MCMV 9J\\ ~ ;t) ~ .$< • f<• ., ~cd Cad20 THE TABLE PAGE The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs III the eight Booke of the First part of Pure has his Pilgrims. CHAP. VI. The Churches Peregrination by this H . Land way, and warre into mysticall Babylon; or a Mysterie of Papall iniquitie revealed, how the Papall Monarchie in and over Christendome, was advanced in that Age and the following, and principally by this Expedition into the H. Land. §. 1. The Historie of the Normans, and their proceedings. Of Urban and Boamunds policie, abusing the zeale of Christendome in these warres: and of Satans loosing after one thousand yeeres. A Mysterie. Englishmen in threefold respect Normans. The Normans Dominion in Italy. Rob. puissance and Boa. policy. Pope Urban, Boa. the Norman abuse the zeale of Christen dome. M ysterie of the Starre, Key, Locusts of the bottomlesse pit. Applying of Apoc. 9. to the Romish Clergie. Foure Angels what. Foure Angels applied to many Mahumetan Foures. The thousandth yeere of Satans loosing discussed. Pilgrimages. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, whether of God or of Satan. Sa tans loosing and Deluge of Poperie 1000. yeeres after Christ. v THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE §. 2. Of the foure meanes which Popes have to get monies: Of the two first, their Te~pora!ties and Col!ations of Benefices. The Pope when and how first a temporal! Prince. Rome lately subject to the Pope. Real! Presence. Investi- tures. The Pope and his great by the Church es spoiles. Zeale. Just Use. §. 3. Of Dispensations. Popish abuse of Dispensa tions furthered by Holy Land Warre. The Popes abuse of Non obstante, Com- mendams, Unions, Provisions. Courses of the Popes Consistorie, and Pamitentiarie. Papa turpilucricupidus. Taxa Camer",. Lesban Rules . §. 4. Of Indulgences. 45 Leo's Indulgences occasion of Luthers preaching. Indul- gences disputed, incurable, gainful!: their beginning. Popish Indulgence Daughter of Purgatorie. The use and abuse. Faith and Manners endamaged by these Expeditions. Interdicts. King John subjected by Papal! Indulgences and Interdict. Waldenses. Crosse- preaching. Guildes. Inquisition erected. Friers numbers and cumbers. Long and bloudy warres by Crusados. Indulgences how many wayes the Popes Mint and Mine for Monies. §. 5. Superstition advanced in and by the Holy Land Expeditions, and the Christians Christianitie in those parts worse then in other. Divers Sects of Christians in the East. 67 English founders at Aeon. Three orders of Regular KnIghts. Damnable impietie of Pastors, Regulars, people of the H . Land. Surians. Jacobites. Nestorians. Maron- ites. Armenians. The name Antichrist applyed to the head and his mystical! bodie, Angell-DevilL Christ crucified twixt two Theeves. VI THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters- Continued. PAGE CHAP. VII. Monuments of Antiquitie, taken out of ancient Records, to testifie the quondam commerce betwixt our Kings and their Subjects, and those Eas\erne Princes. . 80 Records. Old Records of H enrie the third, and Edward the second. Letters of Ed ward the second, to the farthest Easterne Kings. Letters to the Persian Sultan, and to the Emperour of Cathay. CHAP. VIII. A Relation of a Journey begun, Anno Dom. 1610. written by Master George Sandys, and here contracted. . 88 §. I. His journey from Venice to Constantinople, and obser- vations by the way. 88 Venetian Signiories inhabited by Grecians. Fruitfull Val- leyes. Receiving of Tribute. Cowards, but Murtherers upon advantages. Cicero's Sepulchre. An English woman turned Jew. Fruitfull Orchards. A strange figge. Turkish Rebels. English service. Cunning water Divers. Weather Charmers. Ancient Ilium called Troy. Lemnos famous by Vulcans fall. Rivers drunke drie. Sea beaten, and fetters throwne therein. Merrie Greekes. A drunken frey. The Authors entertaynment. §. 2. Constantinople described, the Turkes Seraglio, Pera ; the Turkish Empire and Government: Some obser- vations of the Turkish Religion. I 10 S. Sophies Temple. The Turkes Seraglio in Constantinople. Ottoman Monuments. Great mens Serraglios. Janicula. Buildings consisting of shops. Women prohibited to buy or sell. Holy Sepulchre. Crueltie. Terrible fires. T empests. Plague. The Ottomans presumed Title. His Letter to his Majestie. Turkish warlike discipline. Places of preferment. Generals, Viziers, Vice-royes, Governors, and other Officers. Janizaries, revolted Christians. Turkes chiefe Guard. Sea Vll THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE force. Brothers crueltie. Turkish Sabbath. Their Prayers. Antique dancing. Circumcision. Lent. The feast Byram. Turkish Chari tie and Pitie. Their love. F earefull to offend. §.}. The Muftie, Cadileschiers, Divans: Manners and attire of the Turkes. The Sultan described, and his Customes and Court. The Customes of the Greekes. Sir Tho. Glover. . 137 Witnesses and Oathes. Briberie, a Corrupter. Qui rks In Law. Turkish attyre. Their cutting of haire. Offices of Nature. Parents, Age, and Superiors reverenced. Hospitalitie, Feasts. Marriage. Adulterie punished. Multiplicitie of Wives. Women kept close. Baths and manner of bathing. Abominable filthinesse. M arkets of Men and Women. Horrible torment. Mourning. Liberall Arts. Trades. The Sultans cruell policie. His Acts, Attire, Court, &c. Sultans entertainment of Embassadors. His going to the Mosque. The Sultans Hawkes and hawking. H is Huntsmen. Amorous women. Their Language. Foure Patriarkes. Bigamie forbidden. Trigami e detested. Funerall lamentations. Christian Embas- sadors. 3. 4· The Holy Land described, the Countrie, Cities, Inhabitants, holy Places, and memorable rarities of Jerusalem. 17 1 The Holy Land described. Jewish Doctors of their Law. Their attire. Diet. Poore houses. Poorer Inhabi- tants. Saturdayes sorrow. Fruitfull and pleasant Champaines. Charges of Pilgrims. Knights of the Sepulcher. Their Original!. How and when. Knights of the holy Sepulcher. Mount Calvarie. Places of reverence and devotion. Holy Observations. Temple of the Sepulcher. Chappels of severall Sects. Holy places described. Chappell of Angels. Chappell of S. Helena. Invention of the Crosse. Good-friday Ceremonies. Fire from Heaven. Nestorians hated. Easter Solemnitie. §. 5. Visiting of Emaus and Bethlehem, and other places: Also other observations of the Jerosolymitan Holies. 201 Vlll THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE Hierosolymitan Holies observed. Ancient Monuments. Bershebas Bath. Simeons House. Davids Cisternes. Innocents Infants Sepulcher. Place of the Nativitie. Jacobs field. Our Ladies Well. John Baptists Wildernesse. Rose valleyes. Davids Sepulchre. Caiphas his Palace. Flesh devouring Earth. Esay sawne. Absolons Pillar. Turkish womens devotions. Salomons Temple. Golden Gate. Judgement place. Dolorous way. Simon of Cyrene. Peters penance. Judas his hanging. River Jordan. Mount Olivet. Pelagia's Cell. Pilgrims marked. §. 6. His returne. Observations of memorable places by the way. Of Mount Carmel, Aeon, Sidon, Tyrus ; of Facardin, Emer of Sidon his Greatnesse. 229 Terebynth famous for the death of Golias. Silent riding. Shining Flies. Mount Carmel. Elias his house. Glasse Sand. Memnons Sepulcher. Blessed Virgins house. Lauretta, Sidon, Zebulons Sepulcher. Emers of Sidon. Faccardine, his Courage. His Wisedome & Subtiltie. Customes. Justice. Injustice. Rare and charitable Hospitalitie. Salomons Cisternes. Desper- ate Swimmer. CHAP. IX. Part of a Letter of Master William Biddulph from Aleppo. . 248 -<2. Elizabeths death. Prayer, Preaching, and Thankesgiving. Wel-comming. Good entertainment. Feast and feasting. · Formes of set Prayers. Good Husbandry and Huswiferie. Silke-wormes, how bred. Foure Patriarchs. Bartons Iland. English Ambassadors, their succession. Jeremias Sepulchre. Church-men held in great reverence. Mad-Bedlam Saints. No printing. A charitable Whore. Turkish Diet. J elousie. Salutations for all degrees. Distinction of names. Jewes stoned. Nice superstition. No Beggers. Two Universities. Man-children in great .esteeme. Women of light behaviour. Presumptuous braving termes. Mercilesse punishments. IX THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE Part of another Letter of Master William Biddulph, from Jerusalem. Plague how it ceaseth in Syria. Canes for Travellers. Jobs Citie, and need of Jobs patience. Turkish Canes and Lamps. Theevish wayes. Damascus described. Holy places there. Mechan Pilgrims much honored. Walking wondred at. Long haire contemptible. Long beards honorable. Base thraldome. Saphetta a Jewish Universitie. Mourning with Timbrels. Wearisome ascent. Pleasant fields. Dangerous wood. Jacobs well. Pleasan t water. Singing of Psalmes. Letters of commendations . Good entertaynment. Admonition. CHAP. X. The journey of Edward Barton Esquire, her Majesties Ambassadour with the Grand Signior, otherwise called the Great Turke, in Constantinople, Sultan M ahumet Chan . Written by Sir Thomas Glover, then Secretarie to the Ambassadour, and since employed in that Hon- ourable Function sy his Majestie, to Sultan Achmet. Two Letters are also inserted, written from Agria, by the said Ambassador Barton. 304- The English Ambassadors Attendance and Commission. Terrible Turkish Executions. G. Sors Campe. Maner of the G . Signiors March. Martiall Law, huge Armie. Siege and taking of Agria by the Turkes. A Letter written by Master Edward Barton Ambassadour, to Master Sanderson; inscribed Al Molto Mag. Sig. Gio. Sanderson, &c. 31 3 L. Ambassad0r Bartons Letters from Agria. Part of another Letter written likewise by the said Ambas- sadour from Agria, to Master Sandy, the English Consull at Aleppo. 3 I 5 Dangerous battell to the Turke, dismall to the Christians. Christians lose opportunitie. Returne of the Grand Signior. x THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE; CHAP. XI. The Travels and Adventures of Captaine John Smith, in divers parts of the World, begun about the yeere 1596. 321 §. 1. His travels thorow France, ltalie, and on the Sea coasts of Europe, Africa, and Asia: His entertainment and exploits in the Emperours warres against the Turke : his subtile stratagems, valerous combats, applause, advancement, honour. French Cheaters, and Noble French-men. Smith throwne over boord, entertayned by a Britton. Sea-light. Smiths travels in ltalie and Stiria. Extracts of Captaine Smiths Transylvanian Acts, out of Fr. Fer. his storie. 326 Smiths Stratagems, and Advancement in the Emp. his Warres. Smith in three combats winneth three Turkes heads. Triple reward to Smiths triple victor ie, gifts, command, honor. §. 2. Divers valiant English men in this battell . Captaine Smith taken, sold, sent into Turkie, and over the Black Sea to Tartaria. His admirable escape and other travels in d-ivers parts of Christendome. 334- English-men slaine. Smith taken, sold, sent to Tartaria_ Taurike and Nagay Tartars Food, Attire, Gods, Tents. Smiths flight, and state of the places twixt Tartaria and Transilv·ania. Smiths retume by Germanie, France and Spaine. CHAP. XII. The death of Sultan Osman, and the setting up of Mustafa his Uncle, according to the Relation presented to His Majestie. 343 Spahies and Janizaries rebellion. Vizier sla ine 111 May, 1622. Mustafa made King. New mut111ie. Osman slaine. Turks losse in Poland, unseasonable remedy. Xl THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE , Degenerate Janizari es. Rebellion. Treacherie. Un - advised threats. Lazie Slaves. O smans dreame. Mustafa's interpretation. Ottomans extinguished. Turkes new Vizier severe. CHAP XIII. Mount Sinai, Oreb, and the adjoyning parts of Arabia, described ou t of the foure Journals of Breidenbach, Baumgarten, Bellonius, and Christopher Furer of H aimendorf. . 359 Red Sea. Darius Dike. Monasterie of S. Katharine. Mount Sinai. Holy places of the Desart. Provision to keepe Food fresh. Plants and habitations of Sinai Desart. Sinai prospect and holies. Sinai Holies, Sin-whole-Iyes. Pardons. Monkes. Manna. Mama- lukes tyrannie. Egyptian slaverie. Beastly Saint. Mamalukes activit ies. Strange flourishing and shooting. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs III the ninth Booke of the First part of Pure has his Pilgrims. CHAP. 1. A Briefe Compendium of the Historie of Sir Anthonie Sherleys travels into Persia: And employed thence Ambassadour to the Christian Princes j penned by himselfe, and recommended to his brother Sir Robert Sherley, since that sent on like Ambassage by the King of Persi a. 375 §. J . The Causes of his going to Persia, and strange accidents in the way. 375 Variance about the Dutchy of Ferrara. Duke of Candies magnificence. PortugaIs wickednesse. Insolence of Janizaries. Merchants bountie. Happy deliverance. Manner of Justice. Great distresse. Strange provi- dence. Persian Pilgrims. Accidentall and extra- ordinarie kindnesse. xii THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters- Continued. PAG E §, 2. Of Abas King of Persia, his Person, vertues, perils, escapes, advancement, government, and conquests. 389 King of Persia described. His government, warres and justice. Sultan H amzire Mirza murthered. Abas his strange succession. Alteration of government. Preparation of Warre. Slie stratagem. Seventie Cans heads; a terrifying spectacle. U surping Kings. Dis- placing of Governours. Rebels flee. Reformation of disorders. Establishing Princely government. Ferrats haughtinesse. Kings speech to Ferrat. Persian Queene. Corasan invaded. Ferrat-Cans treason. Ferrats treason. U surper slaine. The Kings victorie. §. 3. The Kings triumphant entrie into Casbin, enter- tainment of the Authour and his companie. Other remarkable observations of the Kings justice, bountie, treatie of warre, and Mustaphas embassage. Sir Anthonie Sherleis speech to the King of Persia. Extortion punished. Kings love to Sir Antonie Sherley. Majesties, Triumphs, Fire-workes. Hawking and Hunting. Proposition of the Persians warre against the Turke discussed. Kings confidence of Sir Anthonie. Ambassadour from the Turke. Turkes proud Ambassage. King of Persias resolute Answere. §. 4. The Kings condescending to Sir Anthonies motion, employing and furnishing him In Ambassage to Christian Princes. Two Friers. 432 Motion for Amhassage to Christian Princes. Preparation of Warre. Sir Ant. Sherleys constant perswaslOn : Kings resolution. Persian magnificence. Tartars submission. Great Mogors alliance. Sir Robert Sherley detayned. Sir Anthonies departure. CHAP. II. Sir Anthonie Sherley his Voyage over the Caspian Sea and thorow Russia: taken out of W. Parry his discourse of the whole voyage of Sir Anthonie, In which he accompanied him; published 160 I. 442 XUl THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters- Continued. P AGE S. A. Sherleys bad usage in Russ ia, by a Frier and the Persian. Offering of a Bell and an Image. CeFe- monious triumph. CHAP. III. T wo voyages of Master John Newberie, One, into the Holy Land, The other to Balsara, Ormus, Persia, and backe thorow Turlrie. 449 Master John Newberies Voyages and Observations. Travels by Sea and Land. Cities, T ownes, and Castles described. Pitchie Fountaine. Babylon and Bagdet. Balsara Customes. Newberies sailing the Persian Gulfe from Balsara to Ormuz. Salt, cause of exces- sive heat. Long clawed Swine. Hispahan chiefe Citie of Persia. T oll and tollage. Carriage of Merchandizes, the Prices and Customes. Noahs Arke. Saint Christophers Church. Salt growing. Womens attire. River Ponnats fall. Worn ens faces covered . Bride carried about the towne on horseback. Women like Maskers. T empestuous and stormie weather. Making of Caviare. Attyre of Women and Maides. Fai re W omen . CHAP. IIII. Observa tions of Master John Cartwright in his voyage from Aleppo to Hispaan, and backe againe : published by himselfe, and here contracted. . 482 §. I . Of Euphrates, Orpha, Caraemit, the Curdi, Armen- ians, Bithlis, Van, and Arraret. +82 M. Cartwrights Travels. His Relation and Description. Aladeules his Paradise. Euphrates and T ygris. Curdies described: worshippers of the Divell. Women Archers. Armenian Religion. Lambe sacrifice. A great battell. Hand-made passage. Seige of Van. Famous Rivers. Mountaines. §. 2. Of Araxis, Chiulfal, Sumachia, Derbent, Sechieres, Aras, Tauris, Soltania, Cas bin, Argovil, and Gilan. . 496 XIV THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters- Continued. PAGE Araxis. Chiulfal described. Chiulfalines, great drinkers. Barbarous spectacle. Ameleke Canna. Sumachians pun ished. Description of Tauris. Tauris yeelded to Selymus. Description of Sultania. Horrible Tempest. Casbin described. Bassars, streets of traffique. Oyle springeth out of the ground. §. 3. Of Cassan and Hispaan . Of the Persian King and governement. Of Sir Anthonie Sherley. . 50 9 Law against idlenesse. Description of Hispaan. Kings Garden. Persian dignities. Nature of Persians. Persians inconstant. Marshall weapons. Warlike exercises. Triumphs. Fire-works. §. 4. The returne of the Authour by the way of Persia, Susiana, Chald",a, Assyria, and Ara bia. 5 I 6 Old Mountaines. Description of Ninive. The Iland of Eden. Cleere Skie. Caliph reverenced . Tower of Babel. Old Babylon described. A Valley of Pitch. Euphrates. CHAP. V. The Peregrination of Benjamin, the sonne of Jonas, a Jew, written in Hebrew, transla ted into Latin by B. Arias Montanus, discovering both the state of the Jewes, and of the World, about foure hundred and sixtie yeeres since. . s. I. Of the J ewes and their Synagogues, Schooles,. or Universities, and other his observations in Europe. • 524 J ewish Rabbins Students in Traditions. Synagogues and Schooles. Jewish Synagogues Affaires. Their per- mitted government. J ewish tales, their superstition. Mountayne Paros. Balachia inhumane. Constantina magnificent. Jewish. G reeke Emperors Palace, wealth, and revenue. Jewish slaverie. s. 2 . The estate of the J ewes, and relations of the World in the higher parts of Asia, Syria, Pal",stina, Damascus, and the pans adjoyning. . 537 xv THE TABLE The Contents of the Chapters-Continued. PAGE: Scrjpture Jewes. Land of Edom. Mountayne Hermon. Aharonites, Priests of the Samaritane Law. Burnt Offerings. Mount Ebal and Garizim. Jerusalem. Hospitalers. Abraham Pius his pia fraus. Patriarkes Sepulchre at Hebron. Holy Land survayed by Benjamin Tudelensis a Jew. Damascus the Mesquit there. Giants bone. Earthquake. §. 3. Of Mesopotamia, Mosul, Bagdat, the Calipha; the numbers, Synagogues, and Priviledges of the Jewes in it, and the places adjoyning. 55 'i Noahs Arke. King David s Posteritie. Ancient Ninive. A studious and laborious King. A lover of the Ismaelites. Caliphas feast, sermon, retirednesse, hospitals. Bagdat-Jewes. Head of the Captivi tie his power and revenue. Old Babel. Pilgrimage to Ezechiels Tombe. Sacred librarie. §. 4· Strange reports, if true, of the Aliman Jewes. Of Persia, and David Elroi. Of the Nisbor Jewes, and some places of India. 568 Pharisie, an order of Mourners. Jew and Jesuite suspected. Temple. Daniels Tombe. Persian greatnesse. Numbers of Jewes. David Elroi Jew-Witch-Messias his storie. Mordecais Sepulchre. Reports of separated free Jewes and of Cophar Althorech. Moses his tale. §. 5. Of India, Ethiopia, Egypt, his returne into Europe: Sicilia, Germanie, Pruss ia, Russia, France .. 580 Nekrokis. Pearle-oysters. Great heate. Pepper. Strange funerals . Blacke Jewes. Fire and Sun-superstition. Dangerous sands. Sects of J ewes and Saracens. Calipha. Nilus. Old and new Mitzraim. Antiqui- ties at Alexandria. Sinai. Jewes in Sicilia, Germanie, Bohemia, Prussia: desperate hopes. XV l ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE The Historical Column in Aurat Basar, . 120 Hondius his Map of the Turkish Empire, 128 A Turkish Woman, 152 Hondius his Map of Hungary, 312 Hondius his Map of France, 320 Hondius his Map of Transylvania, 328 Hondius his Map of Europe, 344 Hondius his Map of the Peregrinations of the Israelites in the Desert, 368 Hondius his Map of Candia, 376 Hondius his Map of Paradise, 520 XVll THE EIGHTH VOLUME OF Purchas His Pilgrimes Contayning Peregrinations and Travels by Land into Palestina, N atolia and Syria; Peregrina- tions and Discoveries by Land of Assyria, Armenia, Persia, India, Arabia, and other Inland Countries of Asia by Englishmen and others, Moderne and Ancient Chap. VI. The Churches Peregrination by this Holy Land way, and warre into mysticall Babylon: or a M ysterie of Papall Iniquity revealed, how the Papall Monarchie in and over Christendome, was advanced in that Age and the following, and principally by this Expedition into the Holy Land. §. I. The Historie of the Normans, and their proceed- ings. Of Urban and Boamunds policie, abusing the zeale of Christen dome in these Warres: and of Satans loosing after one thousand yeares. :=:;;;~~~;, Itherto you have heard the Monke and the Priest Eye-witnesses of this Expedi- tion: the one called Robertus Anglus, the other a follower of Robert the Norman: and after them the Tyrian Archbishop, and an English Monke. Neither let any marvell that in these Peregrinations, dedi- cated to the English name principally, I omit not the Norman, whose Father and Brethren reigned here, who for the hope of the English Crowne forsooke that of Jerusalem being offered, who dyed in England: and what shall I more say? What are Englishmen but in triple respect, Normans or Northmen? From the North parts Vid. Camb. adjoyning came the first Angles, or Saxons: from thence Brit. VIII A A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c. 1625. also the Danes, which made the next Conquest: and w. Ge1Jletic. fron: these North parts, the scourge of the World, Omne de duc. Norm. malum ab Aquilone (ex Scanza insula qure erat quasi officina gentium, aut velut vagina Nationem, the parts for most part still subject to the Crowne of Denmarke) the same Danish people setling themselves in France, and called Normans, that is, men of the North, after a French civillizing and Christianitie, made their third Conquest under Earle William. This three-fold Cord cannot be easily broken, nor can any Englishman at this day separate his Norman bloud from the English, an indissoluble mixture even from the last conquest remayning in the [rf. vi i i . tongue and people, the Conquerors utmost indevours 124 ~ ·] being herein conquered. A great part of Earle Roberts Armie was English, and as Eadmerus and all the Historians of that time testifie, the monie which defrayed his Armie was English, Normandie remayning therefore HiI/01) of engaged to King William his Brother. Yea, Boamund Nom/am. also and Tancred were Normans: fortie of which Nation returning from a Jerosolymitan pilgrimage, behaved them- selves so valiantly at the siege of Salerne, against the Saracens, that Guaimar the Prince sent Legats with them into Normandie, to draw some adventurers into his part, C 11 .. Sigon. de where Giselbert a Nobleman, having slaine William, and R g.llalie/. S. fearing the anger of Robert then Earle or Duke of Normandie, embraced the occasion, and with his Brethren Rainulph, Aisclitin, Osmund and Rodulph, and their followers went into Italie to Prince Pandulph at Capua, Anno Dom. 1017. Norm !ilJ in Apulia and Calabria were then subject to the Greeke Apulia. Empire, which rather tyrannizing then ruling, by the Catapan or Deputie, Melus a principall man perswaded the Normans to invade his Countrey, so to shake of the Greekish yoke, and fought foure times with Bubagan the Catapan, in the three first battels winning much, which in the fourth at that fatall place of Canna hee lost againe : the remayning Normans betaking themselves to Pandulfe and Guaimar. After this Maniacus the Catapan sent to 2 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c. 1625. Guaimar to send him his Normans, to fight against the Saracens in Sicilia. Lately before (this was, Anno 1039) the sonnes of Tancred (invited by their Countrimen) had SOJlnes of comne thither with three hundred men at Armes, by Tancred. whose helpe he recovered Syracuse, and the most part of Sicilia, which after their departure the Saracens next yeare repossessed. Anno 1041. Ardoinus a Lumbard offended with Maniacus, for taking from him a Horse which he had taken from a Saracen, incited Earle Ranulph a Norman, to assist him in the warre against the Catapan, where in many fights overthrowing the Greekes, matters succeeded so prosperously, that William one of the sonnes of Tancred was made Earle of Asculum, Drogo his Brother obtayned Venusia, and the rest of Apulia was Apulia shared shared amongst the rest of the Normans. In this Expedi- amongst tion, William, Drogo, Humfrie, Richard, Roger, and Normans. Robert the Sonnes of Tancred were renowmed, of whom many Dukes and Kings in Italy after descended. Henry the Emperour confirmed to Drogo Earle of Apulia, and to Ranulph of Aversa, all which they had gotten. To Drogo succeeded his Brother, Humfrie, 1051 . who invading the possessions of the Church, which Pope Leo A warlike seeking to recover by battell, was beaten out of the field Pope. with exceeding slaughter on both sides, and besieged in a Castle whither he fled, was taken and forced to receive the Norman into communion. Baielard the Sonne of Humfrie, by Robert called Robert Wis- Wiscard (brother to the said Humfrie) was expelled from chard Duke of Apulia. his Countrie of Apulia. He added also Rhegium in Calabria, and Troia in Apulia to his conquests, stiling himselfe Duke of Apulia and Calabria. His brother Richard winning Capua, vexed the confines of Campania, and both molesting the Papall Possessions were cursed by Pope Nicholas, who yet upon their Oath of vassalage to the Church, received them and confirmed the one Prince of Capua, the other Duke of Apulia and Calabria, paying twelve pence a yeare on every yoke of Oxen. Anno 1062. Robert with his brother Roger, warred against the 3 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c. r625. Saracens in Sicilia. Richard invaded a great part of Campania neere to Rome it selfe, and sought to become Patricius; whereupon Henry the Emperour entred Italy, and 'Richard forsooke Campania. Occasion of Anno lO78. Nicephorus put downe Michael from the the Norma/If entring Empire of the East, who came and sought to Robert Greece. for ayde, who being compounded with Jordan which had succeeded his Father Richard, went into Greece, and prosperously succeded. Hence he was called backe by Hildebrand, or Gregorie the Seventh, which before had excommunicated him, to b1elpe him against Henrie the Emperour, then having taken Rome by force ; who hearing of Roberts comming with a strong Armie (leaving ~oamund to pursue his Grecian affaires) went with Clement or Guibert, his new made Pope into Etruria. Thus was hee dreadfull to the Easterne and Westerne Emperours at once. He dyed, Anno lO8 5. Roger his sonne succeeded. This Historie both as of Normans, and as a preamble to the E xpedition of the Frankes, is not unworthy recitall. B-oger the younger brother succeeding in the Duke- *Car. Sigoll. dome of Apulia and Calabria, as also in the quarrell of de reg. I tal. 9. Urban successor of Gregory against Guibert · (who also l. *Boallllmd confirmed his Dutchie to him as Vassall of the Church, WIlS sOllne to the possessions whereof such good fishing made he in Rob. by a troubled waters, he had even to Tibur and Velitre * gotten firmer wift: into his possession) his brother Boamund * began to thinke Roge,' by the daughter of of another succession, that as Roger had gotten the of Guaimar inheritance of Calabria and Apulia, from the Easterne Prince of Empire, he might also obtayne the like in Greece. This Sa/e11l. was not unknowne to the wiser in those times, as William W. Gemetic. how this Malmesbury * our Countriman testifieth, whose words are Dutchieadded these. to Sicilia Anno ab incarnatione 1095. Papa Urbanus secundus, became a qui prresidebat Apostolico culmini, evasis Alpibus venit KingdolllC, is here omitted. in Gallias. Adventus causa ferebatur perspicua, quod *G. Ma/m. violentia Guiberti Roma extrusus, citra montanas ad sui I. 4. illitio. reverentiam sollicitaret Ecc1esias. Illud repositius pro- 4 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c. 1625. positum non ita vulgabatur, quod Boamundi con- silio pene totam Europam in Asiaticam Expeditionem moveret, ut in tanto tumultu omnium provinciarum facile obreratis auxiliaribus, & Urbanus Romam, & Boamundus Illyricum & Macedoniam pervaderent. Nam eas terras & qui equid prreterea a Dyrrhachio usque in Thessalonicam [II. viii. protenditur, Guiscardus pater super Alexium acquisierat : 1247·J idcirco illas Boamundus suo juri competere clamitabat, inops hrereditatis Apulre, quam genitor Rogero fiEo minori delegaverat. Thus Urbanes intent was to get Rome from the Antipope Guibert or Clement, whom the Imperials and some Italians followed; neither had hee any great partaker in Italie but Roger, who sought his owne advantage. Anselme Archbishop of Canterburie was by King Rufus dispossessed of his revenues, and lived in Exile for acknowledging him, as Eadmerus his companion in his Italian peregrinations to and with Pope Urban testifieth: no Bishop in England then daring to acknowledge either of the Popes without the Kings leave, who also admitted no Papall power, but by his leave in this Kingdome (for his and his fathers power in cases and over persons Ecclesiasticall, See Eadmerus and the Annotations of that learned and industrious Gentleman, Master Selden Eadmerus thereon, and therewith now published.) And Boamund published by enjoying some Castles by his brothers indulgence, wanne M. Seidell . many other, the men of warre following him. Nam ad fratrem specie tenus Ducatus pervenerat (Ma.lmesbury addeth toward the end of that Booke) alterum bello meliorem secuti. Jam vero parui momenti fuit quod paterni propositi sequax, Guibertum repellens Urbano validissime astitit, & cunctantem impulit ut Gallias ad Concilium Clari Montis accederet, quo eum Raimundi Provincialis Comitis & Episcopi Caturicensis Epistolre in- vitabant. Concilioque celebrato libens occasionem accepit & in Grreciam copias trajecit, subindeque promovens exer- cit~m modes~e ~aimundum & Godfridum operiebatur. ~lbus vementlbus sociatus magnum incitamentum 5 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES C'.1625· creteris erat, disciplinre militaris scientia & virtute nulli secundus. See how thiJ This Mysterie hath beene little observed of most agreeth with his clI1l1ling Authors, and was lesse observed in those times by the dissimulation zealous Princes of Christendome, whose valour, wealth, before devotion, glory and lives were engaged so deeply in this mm/ioned. quarrell, most of all other devices availed the Papacie, in abasing the power of Princes Christian. And well might Urban use the helpe of Boamund and the Normans in that designe, which not only sorted to that expected effect to settle him in Rome, then held by Clement his Corrivall, but to a further advancement of the Papacie in after times, then either hee or Boamund could then divine or dreame of. For of the Normans disposi- Hm. H lltlt. tion, Henry Huntingdon hath long since given testimonie lib. 7. that God had chosen them to exterminate the English, because he saw them eminent above all people in the prerogative of singular cruelty. For their nature is when they have dejected their enemies to the utmost, that they then depresse themselves, and bring themselves and their Lands into povertie and waste: and alwayes the Lords of the Normans, when they have trodden downe their enemies, seeing they cannot but be doing cruelty, they hostily trample under foot their own. Which plainly appeares in Normandie, England, Apulia, Calabria, Sicilia, and Antiochia, very good Countries which God hath subjected to them. Thus our Historian, and thus our Mysterians Urbanus (then for this disposition called Turbanus) and Boamundus uncharitably seeking their owne, abused the chari tie and devotion of those degenerated times. So it was necessary that Mysteries should be carryed in mystie cloudes: which make mee not a little minde that Revelation not fully revealed, yet in some imperfect glimpses offering it selfe to view, this Historie unmasking that Mysterie; or if it bee not the just interpretation of the Prophecie (a taskg too great for me to determine) yet not unfit to be waied in the ballance of the Sanctuary 6 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c. 1625. together, and to be propounded to wiser considerations, at lest by way of Allegoricall application, if not of Propheticall explication. Saint Johns mysteriall Revelation is delivered in these words. Apos 9. 1. And the fift Angell sounded, and I saw a starre fall from Heaven unto the Earth, and to him was given the Key of the bottomlesse pit. 2. And hee opened the bottomlesse pit, and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a Furnace, and the Sunne and the ayre were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit. 3. And there came out of the smoke Locusts upon the Earth, and unto them was given power as the Scorpions of the Earth have power, &c. 7. And the shapes of the Locusts were like unto Horses prepared unto battell, and on their heads were as it were Crownes like Gold, and their faces were as the faces of men. 8. And they had haire as the haire of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of a Lion. 9. And they had brest-plates as it were brest-plates of Iron, and the sound of their wings was as the sound of Chariots of many Horses running to battell. 10. And they had tayles like unto Scorpions, and there were stings in their tayles, and their power was to hurt men five monethes. 11. And they had a King over them which is the Angell of the bottomlesse pit, whose name is in the Hebrew Tongue, Abaddon, but in the Greeke Tongue, hath his name Apollyon. After the sixt Angel sounding, followeth the loosing of the foure Angels bound in the great River Euphrates, for to slay the third part of men. And the number of the armie of the Horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand. And thus I saw the Horses in the Vision, and them that sate on them, having brest-plates of Fire and of Jacint, and of Brim- stone; and the heads of the Horses were as the heads of Lions, and out of their mouthes issued Fire and Smoke, and Brimstone. By these three was the third part of men killed, by the Fire, and by the Smoke, and by the Brim- stone which issued out of their mouthes. For their power is in their mouth, and in their tayles: for their tayles were 7 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c. 1625. ·like unto Serpents, and had heads, and with them they doe hurt. Divers Interpreters will direct in the former of these [II. viii. Visions, to behold the Popish Clergie, in the other the 1248.] Saraceni call Souldiory: both which agree to our present businesse, where Papall superstition, and Saraceni call cruel tie begot in strange copulation such numerous innumemble deaths. As for the Starre it noteth an Ecclesiasticke Angell, or Bishop, as the Revelation it selfe * Ap. 1 utI. revealeth.* This Starre is not fixed, but falleth from ' Col. 3. l. heaven, the care of Heavenlya affection, heavenly b con- b Ephe. 3. 20. versation, and bringing soules by Pastorall vigilancie to c Heb. 12.I Z. the heavenly C Jerusalem, and Church of the first borne, whose names are written in heaven; and falleth to the earth, that is, to minde earthly pompe, and secular glorie, dPh. 3. 19. vVhose God d is their belly, whose glorie is in their shame, who minde earthly things. That the Pope hath evidently done this, their owne Histories make mention; first by Phocas, obtaining a Monarchie over the Church, and since Hildebrand exalting it over Kingdomes, States and Empires, and now at this day exercising nothing of a Bishop, but the Title, leaving the Cure to his Vicario di CSolIJovine Roma, e whiles his CardinalI Consistorie are nO.t Vi giles t. 1 l. Ecclesire, but Conjudices Orbis terrarum, & Principes " Sac. Cel'. mundi, regum * similes, veri mundi Cardines, and himselfe R.E. I. I. 8. hath turned Pasce oves into Rege, and playes the King, and playes with Kings, making and marring Kings and Emperours, and wearing himselfe a triple Crowne: either detaining (as King Johns) or deposing and disposing (as Henries to Rodulph) or with the foote striking off, (as Celestine to Henrie the sixt Emperour) or treading also on the Emperours necke, (as Alexander to Fredericke.) All this power is challenged to the Keyes of the Kingdome Math. 16. of heaven, promised to Peter, Math. 16. in the name of the rest of the Apostles, of whom the question had beene asked, which he in their name answered; and that to shut out impenitents, and to admit those which beleeve and repent, by Evangelicall ministry into the house of 8 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c. 1625. Gods Church and Family. But neither by word nor Sacraments, publikely, nor privatly, by teaching, improv- ing, exhorting, rebuking, doth he either open or shut, or exercise any proper Episcopall Function: so that the key of power which he hath, must needs bee this Key of the Key of the bottomlesse pit, whereby Hell is opened, (as here in bottom/oft pit, and kingdome vision) and Heaven is hidden; both that supercelestiall of Hel/. Heaven of glorie, wherein is the Sunne of righteousnesse ; and this inferiour Ecclesiasticke heaven of Grace, and of the Church, which as the Aire borroweth her light from that Sunne, or else must needs abide in night and darknesse. And indeed what are Papall Dispensations and Indul- gences, (as we shall anone see) but opening of Hell? What his Crusados to kill and destroy, Interdicting of ~, kingdomes, excommunicating and deposing of Kings, raising warres, seditions, treasons, prohibiting vulgar reading of Scriptures, and the like, but shutting of heaven? These, these are the Papall keyes so much gloried of, keyes of the bottomlesse pit; yea, the key singular to open, and not plurally keyes, as having no power to shut that Hell which once he hath opened. Hence arose (by this opening of the bottomlesse pit) that Smoake of Ignorance, which bemisted the world (so that in King Alfreds daies not one Priest in England could Alfi"edi Epist. understand his Latine Service, or translate an Epistle out pub/i!hed of Latine into English; and if any in the next Ages had before Tho. his Grammer, he was a wonder to the rest of the Clergie) r:;almllham~ caused by Barbarians, which filled Italy, France, and other w~t;. ~~r;~ Countries of Christendome before, with a Smoake of adeo/iteratura Confusion and combustion, whereby the Latine Language carebant, ut was lost in vulgar use, which continued in their Holies: cteteris met men . III t ha t smoa k e not ab l e to see what G od said to them !tupori qui Grammaticam in his Word, or they to him in their Prayers. Hence a dedicimt. Smoake of blind zeale ascending as from a furnace: but as the fire of Hell is fire without light, burning and not shining, such is eager impetuous zeale without discretion, which crucified Christ, and persecuted Christianitie, & in 9 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c. 1625. Papists hath much changed them for Antichrist, and Antichristianitie. A smoake from the bottomlesse pit, is all unbrideled Concupiscence, alway fuming from and to Hell; Bottomlesse in the originall, without just cause of beginning; Bootlesse in fine, without causing Justice in the ending. Pride, Covetousnesse, Envy, and other { Hellish passions, are a smoake which ascend, but by ascending vanish; which as in the Builders of Babel, seeke a Name, and make as they would build to Heaven, but get Gell . I I. no other name but Babel, and after confused cloudie Chymreras (like pillars of smoake in the Aire) vanish to nothing. Out of this smoakie ignorance, and ignorant zeale, and zealous perturbations (the travels and throwes of the bottomlesse pit) came Locusts upon the Earth, the carnall and earthy minded Bishops, Priests, Cardinals, Abbots, Monkes, and innumerable religious Orders of inordinate Religion: these being wholly superstititious, degenerating into superstition, and turning their heavenly calling into earthly ease and pompe, and the spirituall service of God, into beggerly, worldly, carnall rites and bodily exercises. Thus have you the Locusts worse then Egyptian, such to the soule as those in Alvares, and other the former Stories of this Booke mentioned to the bodie, save that they are limited, and may not (as those) hurt the Grasse and Trees, and greene things, that is, such as have a lively Faith in * Priests had Christ. Neither may they kill bodily,* but spiritually not power to torment the Conscience with their Canons, Confessions, kill, till they had fltbjected Penances, Purgatories, Miracles, Visions, and (which most the secular concernes our present purpose) Pilgrimages, and the like. power to them. Their shape is like to Horses, for their courage and See Eadmerus wilfulnesse, Kings and Kingdomes being forced to stoop, and Nubri- both to their old Mumpsimus, and to their new ge1lJiJ Writers of those times. Sumpsimus; even the most refractorie or couragious, as William Rufus, and the two first Henries, conquered in Clergie immunities by Anselme and Becket, men of great [II. viii . worth in other kinds, but for this accounted Worthies, 124-9·] eminent in the sanctitie of those times, for this honored 10 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c. 1625. and Canonized Saints. These the Crownes on their heads, or as Dunstan, Eadmund, and if there were any more Canterburie Canonizations: and such Crownes had the heads of Religious Orders, and first Founders and Inventors of Holies, as Dominicke, Francis, and others, (and now at last Ignatius Loyola) and all the Clergie were crowned with dignitie, in their head over-topping Kings, in the meanest Priest exempted from Kings, yea creating his Creator the King of Kings, (that I mention not their shaven crownes nor the Martyrs crownes which befell Priests or Laitie, dying in this Je;osolymitan Peregrination, or in fight against Christians, against whom the Pope had published his Crusado.) But these Crownes were like Gold, not of it, the Pope herein the best Alchymist, extracting true Gold out of Leaden Bulls, but distracting and contracting shewes of Gold, seeming Canonizations, and sanctitie in shew and sound of holy Church, rather then true holinesse : yea, the holy name of Church appropriated to these shaven crownes, by Popish Monopoly. Yet were the shewes made faire, and in all their actions they had the faces uf men, in resemblance of just reason and resolution; insomuch, that as when I looke on the Scripture onely, I wonder how there could bee any Papist, so when in Histories and the courses of times, I looke upon the Church, especially after Hildebrand, I as much wonder that all were not Papists, the smoake had so taken away the light of the Sunne, and the Pope set up so many Night-lights of humane reasons, and Treasons or Tradi- tions in Canon Law and Schoole Divinitie. Yea they had also the haire of Women, in insinuating impressions, and melting ravishments of flattering perswasions, pro- mised pleasures of Paradise, dazeling pomps in the present, and for the future, Merits, Supererogations, deliveries from Purgatorie, Relikes of Saints, Revelations, Miracles, & a world of the like; which this Historie of the Holy Land sheweth sufficiently, and a Map of which you may see in Urbans elegant Oration, and Boamunds cunning II A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c. I625. dissimulation. Their teeth were as teeth of Lions, in preying upon Temporal Lands, Liberties, Jurisdictions, and Spirituall devouring of soules. Their Iron Breast- plates, were their defensive immunities and exemptions, whereby they were hardned and heartned against all contrary powers. The sound of their Wings, was their preaching of Indulgences, thundering Interdictments, and Excommuni- cations, Penances in Confessions, and the like. T heir Tailes, were the consequences of their Doctrine and Actions, which promising satisfactions to God and Man, yea Merit and Supererogation, the honoring of Saints and Angels, in the fore-part: in the end stung like a Scorpion, filled the soule of their most devoted with disconsolation, the body with grievous bodily exercises in Fastings, Pilgrimages, (as here) selfe-whippings ; E ver learning, never comming to the knowledge of the truth; giving real~ possessions, and bequeathing true beggerie to their heires, for deliverance from a Poeticall Purgatorie; crucifying themselves indeed before a painted Crucifixe, buying repentance at a deare rate, and making more irksome way to Hell (if Gods infinite mercy prevented not) then that by which many have attained Heaven. Their King is the Angell of the bottomlesse pit, (you see whose Vicar he is indeed) and is named in Hebrew and Greeke, as hardning the Jewes, and corrupting Christians; or as restoring both Jewish rites and Gentile superstitions, in both a Destroyer. The five moneths some interpret of this life, some alluding to the Grass-hoppers Summer season; some to Noahs £loud, so long prevailing over the Earth; some to one hundred and fiftie yeares, taking a day prophetically for a yeare, and reckoning from Hilde- brand, to Gregorie the Decretalist; some for an indefinite Acts I. 7. time, some for a short time : as if they should say, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons which the Father hath put in his owne power. I have rather sought to lay open their qualities then their durance : as for the time, Time will deliver it. I2 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c. 1625· N ow for the other Vision of foure Amgels, bound in the great River Euphrates; some understand Euphrates mystically, for the meanes of upholding and advancing the Merchandize of mysticall Babylon, that is of Rome and her Poperie: Indeed foure hath beene a famous number, for the foure Gospels, for those foure first generall Councels, for the Ecclesiasticke Aristocracie by the foure Patriarchs, (the fift was in manner titular) for the foure Doctors of the Latine Church : also foure hath beene notable in this Papall mysterie and Supremacy ; first in the ages thereof, the Child-hood from Boniface to Hilde- brand, in a spirituall Monarchy, long growing up ; the Youth from Hildebrand to Boniface the eight, in addition of power, over all powers Royall and Imperiall, with youthfull vigour trampling umder foote the strongest Adversaries; the Mans age from thence till Luther, losing somewhat of that King-awing strength, by schismes amongst themselves, and by Councels, * Kings and King- * As thofe if domes better opportunitie and vigihnce; but holding up Constance, Basil, C5c. so to the upmost their spirituall, till Luther gave beginning in the Statute to their old declining age, and this their almost precarian if Pra'?J1unire and obnoxious power, which by leave of Kings and States in R ich. 2 . they hold, howsoever in seeming above them. Foure C5c . • Courses have advanced and upheld them, Excommuni- cations, (to which interdictmel1lts of Kingdomes, and deprivations of Kings are annexed) Decretall Lawes and Constitutions to governe the Church; Wanes by Crusados and Treasons, and Inquisitions against contrary opinions. Foure sorts of men have beene their Creatures and Creators; degenerated Monkery of later ages, which undermined the ancient sanctitie and disciplin€, Canonists which wholly corrupted it; Schoole-men which admitted [II. viii . the Philosophers to bee Masters in Divinitie, and Friers 12 50. ] which occupied both Churches and Palaces in new and meerely Papall hypocrisies and priviledges. And since, the revenues of Poperie, as we shall by and by see, are foure, Temporalties, Collations of Benefices, Indulgences, and Dispensations. 13 A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c. 1625. But I rather like their Interpretation, which apply these foure to the Angels of destruction, which literally have beene loosed from Euphrates upon the Christian world, and indeed destroyed the third part of Christian men with bodily death. For presently after Boniface the Pope had obtained his Supremacy of Phocas, Mahomet arose with his new Sect in the East; the one with Locusts, (whereof you have heard) to corrupt the soules; the other with Horses in his Successors, to destroy the bodies of men. And these Angels of destruction have beene many waies foure. First, in the foure Doctors, Authours of the foure See my Pi!g. l. Sects of that irreligious Religion. For Mahumet having 3. c. 2. §. 2. taken Mecca, created foure Generals, Ebubezer, Omar, Osmen, and Ali; whom he called, the foure sharpe Swords of God, and commanded them to goe into the foure parts of the world, to kill sueh as resisted. After Mahumets ( *3ee my Pilg. death, these foure successively succeeded. These may be I. 3· c. 7. called foure Angels, as the foure Doctors of the Mahumetan Law, (so they are usually stiled by the Mahumetans) and reckoned Saints in their Kalender; whom they say Mahomet had prophecied should succeed him, who also fained his Law received from the Angell Gabriel. These were Authors of foure Sects also, Ali or Hali, of the Sect Imemia; Osmen of the Sect Baanesia, Homar of the Anesia, Ebubezer of the Melchia. These foure in their succeeding Generations, have bin sent out from neere the parts of Euphrates: where before they may be said to be bound, because that howsoever Chosroes or some others at some start, or advantage passed over, and did hurt to the Romane Empire, (then the most flourishing part of the Church) yet did they not continue any long space, or much prevaile on this side Euphrates, that being the boundary, as it were appointed of God, betwixt the Roman and the Parthian, and after, betwixt the Roman and Persian Empires. But after the Mahumetans had once appeared from Arabia, which Euphrates washeth, they in one Age over-ranne Egypt, Syria, Palestina, Persia, yea overwhelmed Africa, quite 14 ADVANCE OF THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. c.162 5· thorow to the Streights, and all Spaine, with many other Countries, * never after recovered to the Empire. And "See ubi Jllp. as they began with foure Angels in foure Sects, and I. 3. c. 2. conquering to the foure Winds: so there have beene of them foure principall Deluges, each from Euphrates, over- whelming the world. That we reckon the first, in that Saracenicall Age: the second, that of the Turkes, which under Belpheth tooke Diogenes the Greeke Emperor prisoner, and conquered in manner all the Countrey to Constantinople, the occasion of this Jerosolymitan expedi- tion, and consequently, of killing the third part of men, dwelling in remote Countries which they had not seene, but came to the Holy Land as the publike slaughter place and Shambles of the Christian world: in which it is remarkable, that the two Calyphas of Bagdet and Cairo, one on the one side, the other on the other of Euphrates, otherwise dissenting, consented yet like Herod and Pilate, to kill Christ again in his members, and to perpetrate those butcheries, yee have read of ii". the former Relations. And let the understanding Reader examine the Roman Stories, and see if in above sixe hundred yeares from Romulus forward, there was so much Ethnicke bloud spilt on both sides, to purchase the Roman Monarchie, as here in much lesse then . the third part of that time, was occasioned to be spilt by the Romish Hierarchie: on both sides shall I say? Or may I make the question, even of j that which was meerely Christian of the Easterne and Westerne beleevers? And the third overflowing, was of ~ the Tartars, at first not Mahumetan, yea destroying Bagdet See of the and the Calypha, and enemies to mankind in generall, but Trwt.my Pi/g. after proving, and still continuing in greatest part I. 4. c. I I. and 12. and Mohumetan. These did almost roote out the Chris- after fil. in tianitie of the greater Asia, and erected the greatest thi! "Yorke ill Empire (not with best bloudshed) that ever was: yea, they Haiton, M . not onely over-ranne the Christians, as farre as Poland Polo, (5c. and Russia, Hungaria and Germany by themselves, but forced the Chorosmines out of Persia, (which as you have heard gave the fatallest blow to the Christians in the Holy IS A.D. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMES c;. 1625. Land) and rooted out the Turkish Kingdome there, and forced them also to invade the Christians, founding in the See T. H. pa. Christian ruines the Aladine Turkish Kingdome in 76. Natolia, and enforcing over Euphrates the Progenitors of Ottoman, from whom beginneth our fourth Epocha, and that fourth Deluge of the Turkish Nation, which hath devoured such worlds of Christian flesh . The Warres also of these peoples, have beene principally by Horses, neither doe I thinke the number expressed of two hundred Millions is any whit hyperbolicall, if we consider the innumerable Armies of innumerable Horse- men, which they have in divers times burthened the World withal!. That of the Tartars alone, if Authors report truly, easily makes credible that incred- ible number. The later expedition of the Tartars under Tamerlane, how monstrous doth it seeme? Also, Their Horses having power in their mouthes and tailes, agrees to the manner of Warre used by those Nations, which used a conjoyned flight and fight, as before yee have read, that even then when they seemed to flye, they had Serpent headed tailes, and did flee but in cunning sleight, to returne to greater mischiefe, shooting also as they fled, and wounding their pursuers. And as the number of foure, so sitteth their foure I [II. viii. Doctors, foure Sects, foure Deluges; so also have they ) 1251.J had foure princi'pall places of residence, neere to Euphrates, ( I Mecca still hallowed in their profane Rites, the seate of Mahomet and his first Successors. After that Damascus (for Jerusalem continued not their Imperiall residence) and after that Bagdet, to which by a contrary faction was opposed Cairo, succeeding herein to Cairaoan, as that to Tunis. Likewise, foure great Nations doe still observe these Eufratean Angels, the Turkish (to whom the huge African liracts have some reference), the Persian, the Tartars (the chiefe of which is now seated in India, the Mogol successor of Tamerlan) and the Indian (in many smaller and specially maritime Kingdomes) depending for their 16 ADVANCE O~-' THE PAPAL MONARCHY A.D. C. 1625. Faith and Scepter of the Arabians, which beginning with Trade proceeded to Conquest. But more then enough of these things. Wherein we see all plainly agreeing to this warring Religion, as in the former to the Romish Locusts; in both perhaps rather intimating the danger to Christians by both Angels (the one corporall, the other chiefly spirituall) then their time: both which wee see have continued so long a time, and spread so fane, that they th€reby, the Moore aswell as Papist, plead Catholike from See beflre Finches Universalitie. Journall. Yet if we will weigh the time, when both were likely to doe Christendome most harme, and like Samsons Foxes Apoe. 20. I. looking contrarie, held a fierie conjunction in their tailes, to set the W orId on fire; this Angell of the bottomlesse pit, puts us in minde of another Angell which came downe from heaven, having the key of the bottomlesse pit, and a great chaine in his hand, Amd hee laid hold on the Dragon that old Serpent, and bound him one thousand yeeres. And cast him into the bottomlesse pit, and shut him up and set a seale upon him, that he should deceive the Nations no more till the thousand yeeres should be fulfilled, and after that he must be loosed a little season. This is not a falling starre, but an Angell which descends; Mal. 3. even Christ himselfe (which is called the Angell of the Apoe. I. Covenant) and hath the keyes of Hell and Death, which entreth into the strong mans house and binds him (as Primasius, Andreas Cresariensis, and other interpreters doe agree) that hee should not seduce the Nations or Church of the Gentiles, as before in a generall defection