University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh UPTAK[OI'CO~Cl:I'TIVESAMONGn:MALE~IIS.14n:AJlSJ AITI:l'IDING S(.NIOKHIGHSCHOOLIJ'OITAMALEMETROPOl.lS THIS D1SSERT"TIOH IS SUM8InEDTOTm; """""''''''OFGfV.. ..' '''' Li:GON INPARTlALI'ULLm.ML'lfTOFTUl.:REQUlREMEHTfOIlT1lf:"WARDOr MA.STEROI'PUllLlCH£..UTHDEGRn University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh :::~- ....... ~. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh p~.rd:ndc:ompl,""'_Md""pIO>c.,,,,,,,,,~ondd"ldmo ', "'al1h"~ Af"Q~h .. ho''''''por'Iod~Ihc\op'''I pOOOooh_D. ..... ~_"""""'""half(~I ·. .. .....,dr.t)couI4 ..i dclllf"""lhcsnrd}, .... inestud)".,..._. .. ..- ..:lrIO .... ploro"""'onI. ... raI~o ...I I_ ........ IIIJ~pW. ... (.l"")~.,.IftId .... lhE"clhni.bacq.......dfrown:o ... -..u. . UK University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ~''''", .." ,'''. . m) IOM,("okIOAhn,gh()AIW.fo'H''K~~'''''Pn>I<:d'''''IlI'''''shoo' llI" >I so 1haI1~ "') ""*"" ( _"'- 'rofc ...I IPI"hplI.baAdons<>f"'h .. " ""' ..... 8uod"""" 'n ll>« ...... of .. n!"'I "'. . ~rt:II>On ", ""'complc\Jonoflll"d,u• ....,,,,, r"' mos\smd<.....,rUIII.~;wistanlS"""'!heUn,YC ... ",. ""lltc\clopmm's....Ites. I dtW )·OII ".'Ymuclt !O')'OIIrbm. Spa:iaI thanIo.. lOmyboulbc, AD)'lOBfor ............ 1be Table Alldlasllybul",oS!impotlal>l~' , I",,,, lOado._lod:sc"i dtSflb_lboautllOB ..+ - ...... rIt h.o. •• be ....i ted..t~k ..n occd . <>:oodilll!l), for ltI. i,;"'......,.C(I"';bu1>on to !be !fO"IdII of University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TA BLt: orC"Ol'o'TE.'fTS . ______________ un0< nc"'~-------- -------·-·----- --- LISTOt'TABLES. - - ---·-----·-·· · -··--··- ···- 1 ~ 11 .......... qOICfllOllJ 1.SGn.:raJotij«ti"' 17COllO:paialf"""C"O< ool CHA~T[JlTWO.-·-------··----·-·-·----- - ll 1. IGlob..l~..,..,.,,,_pelooi ZZContrxepb...,•scin t~b·S•hranAfno.. U Con~pri...,ute •n.c1 _ Z.11bmelo10~,""- University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh l_(,.-...,,,,, ... of""'upcnco( ..... ,,",fL"","u .. Re.· .... J$S-pl."IpoocaI~ .. J6St.od)' "",Iu,_cnt. ... J 1Studyucluoion ~ "lI:n. 'ISo<~&nf>Iooc<""_"""'e,,,,paa_ "'" ~_'C ....., .Iopmcntof-'Inn (e.-.t. 5hoI»m 101l. Mom • .t.Ruolo ..· . ... 101~I. cIo ..I "'S"''''accc:. .' ''8-....... p\l'''''"'''''cabon>on. '''''~ _.ofHrv_ ..x uall)" ..... .."lIaarpo. .. tiom.''' pI ...., ".'"''''e .. ''''''"h,ltone'·. .....l O<$pon""laJt).dc.dop"l""" ....... (NI'. .... D.1OUI"'.~ ... <. ...... ..... ' ..n . ...... "" Il1o .., ..I bo:r... ooror..,lcttCdl>. f.aron. W, ...... ~c.,,"". 1: HMJo-a UOU IIqIIInorWd.., '''-.It.~.cIoft: (lom ......I obaIly. ___ W ..1 _ ___ III UUC• ...... _lIIOCdflN_,Iy.,w.-. .." '_1'bo:...,.,.,1WIIoc' ........~ oI'7~ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 1111 11,.,. ""'"modec•··• """' "' "'~ foo un...r< abon"'" "h'I" H .UOO ...-ma1 d•:if•abon•"" lnfu nh<1......,tothc•bo>c. ''"'ll ""' "'*mald1sat11htin.,,d 2 ~~.•11.lU Malcn'lal ••«oo-cconoor'llC.<>1ltltr.llandp<>ln1alfadonh.a>< pi<:.0n aiod ~·-lcdJ<011rtp1'bealdlnshlJ """""'e10«drm~1-Thcolud)· indiakdadtclu~of1%(~•~poincs)1• odokl0tand"'llOllP< ..... il"'lht1-n:F......, lhlll.-s;cilhcueof""'lf><>Opll"'Cl~9doi~tM...-ciol , (:Mll7)fiint.......­ ,..,dcnaiot11ralll'C&lof...,_rywereno1~h~· 1<1~10.,Y~\'Clinolhod "' .-pu;..ioreoidonu inlhcurt.n~ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh An.I' ''!I h'sJ>e ,r. .' 'h'' OU:' I'''~ '''' aJ .!f) l l I E'o6c""" (mmh'<""u .. 3'.., ....:I'mpr("'Od""". . IO(_,I) pboon""ca ...... ~'" «rtJh')-.. 'mpd ..." ")·"""'dcpc~ cf .. ""'c"'nrWd ... _ .....c ofo;ortl.-,.u··. . _ I .. ....... ~"' ..P O'O'"" ... n "' ...d )opcIClf"'cal ly 'n'·.ObpIeOo.pW...ofcon'..:cpl"·c· .... _ Sfoma!c o4ol ........ Mkndl. "" .--InD<:pOI ... ...... "S .......... ' n ""Ptoducti'c .. mR. .... h,p Whatll'• ....naddlO ........... 1;«.- .. ",nI"""". .....' NCu. _o-tIl<1IW<.od<>luceo".Oft<"nd ... Srn"" HipSdloollllT. .........l tOPlfu To dl .. t!ld.lhtpelCCflbCO.lol_oftoellXqlb,es. .. reasoullMcloc,ccofCO/llr"ao:CplI~ .. &lld thebam.", __ .. ,doupoal<.of~,eo ... odolc"'""'II· !.Jo1.and mo1 . . ..... ccntinllClKl' od _ _ I""' ''''pro, ...' '''' .. IO''''',ra« ''' ,,< u. . 'M. .' ''''''ct ... . Z\O t1J.< t..Il< ... _~ "''''''''"''' I.''.' ~ Gh ....... ,,"' of """UI«"'''·< . .. ........o cad C M3m>A«'aI . 2(1 t1) ~)f....,.. ...... "" """'''''pI'''''.ha,<. ""dO\l1!OdclC'''''''~'''lI>C:r -''PO~ oIadolna:nlionconll3Up6_._. fodol,,""'n' . ,' b'nGh. ... ""'''''''r'''. ....... ,''' .... coai c/la1l_$ m ,..., ..... ng ~""q>I" • ..,,,·occ>n...c.,..., ... of ). .... ni po>pl< b.....,.. ,o beatonparrnlS ondcarc,;V' "0fdlO$e odolescefttsbet:.luKof1hc:odd'lDIoI_ iIo ho ...h oId .......l aItd cxPOq>n>d .. ""~ .... TIo,$ ......y lldesopcd University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh " .... ",.. ... ktIuI< ...._ _ I I.·H. .> t 11M' ..O ld, "oIll1clp.~* .." ... " .. n.~<>«"'" ..." ........" lon." .... a,aI.thop<...,. ....... of-..,.....,. ............. ,,-" ,.aII '.l., ..... Fu"""'. ""' .... d, .. ,II'''''' .. '. ... '/ltnmt. . ..-...... '' .... loooou ...... of ....t ral~f_IAIN)OO .... f. ..., '!,u-..... "~d" • .q>otICIdIO .....k .. lI1C..-d_or~ ••• _r.--~IIS. 24)~. .) __. .. S.n. .. IficlrSctoool,.T. .. ~ •• University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh n..._....,...."CM""'"'..:I'lll0"""'""' ... """"""'''. . '.·.IC' ..... a.-.(,;~~ (I)TO ..." ",. .. lh'",n_""'IIi:rukad<>In«rI. . U S-2~,eanl OII,IIdi"S<'Ir.,.. U,shS«. 1IuI""",,,"","n,.,""~I>th •• """Df'nd. . ,,,,, ... In'IM. a,",IInIq""'~-p<'I "'IOIiII'IX~pI'u._~"""' ......... odooaI k.,cl I'wop<_ouIm .., ,,,,,,,,pu.,,,,,..-. Sot.D';,'In,onIpqn>en._C"""'._po .. G-.a""" .............. ........ ... .. ·.. ,.. .. ,~~oI'~._ ... ...-..IO ... rald"dk .. Tbo.hubc<, .,, __ ....... _.-plt.o -_ ....... .., ............. ,..,..v .... ""'*--"""rIIh_plicoIiau .............. I' .. """"• ••, ,·."'.oo~ .. r.._ ...,.,.~_..,. ...... Fot .. __ ....... _pU.·a __ "'-.uI IIIQnali"'Added"'Ih" " lhoIlowoplM.eof_""'p\'vnteSulll ... h"'fc"'I~· ""The h"" _oI"nililypoll--,.""'*" .. _..,. ___. ..... _ .. IIIIPfO" ~_.kto_ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 'h">«'_""_~P"blOCIUOnO",,~,,·csac""''''''SIob<''bqI ... Io).''''''''''· """""oP' ..a ftom .... sl""'pcrspoc'. ..: .lOthc ..... •. .S ion:alk.·clCoa...-P'''', ..... GUno fldT-u. .. ....,rc:. ..o aIPfO"' ..c ntI)- n...,.".. .... wuotd"''''. . --'IICI. .. .. <..,..".~ canltOCCP'''';' In.''''k'''I'''d, ........ :aJI""''''CUoflb<~r-'''orLlhc an""l ...l OCCSoflow""'""cof"""''''"1''>'''' .....· . ...- ed-prad~ ...., ..... ,..,.ofadolc_ ..... 1tIII~<1i ... health ""'c;e, (K}'11c~~laI .lO l.1 It 1IWIy ........... .. bcIIl.'iotof)'llUlllandoldt.fIdolc_ms'~thcUS(f,""r "'Ph;Ib! ... 1011)on.....,...;_ .." 1h Jok. ...1 I .... 12 ... ),,,W, ••: r. ..X U.!acti.-.ty_. ...d c'IIIIoIc_IIIIMlArn_lIrq>OftCdly University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh us"", h"CJl'ml"'dlh. . )O%(tf"""k~. .. "l><'"«nOl(!'''I'''' '~h'H:hadl''' Th '" an ,ne~,ng nile <>foc, ...1 ac""'~ .do1cS«n. . ol""'Ih. .. UIh:lno/lQ'")"""'orA,·aol.",,· ofOl)"'no;:p<>'·. ... l.noYonfr"'" University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh l(".,,,,.<~pli ... u .. i" .,, b·So ~ ...n M';" "t<>nI'f1IIlO r".""' ...... (lO l ~)lounM""opl<'n ... b-~ranAfnG:o.f"p,"""lO ltl ... . ooht' ou;dl) tran..",1I«". . "'tIIc ..... . "ng fo"'.Of .., ual bcll>,·oor Thc)arg""'hOlllO .i• . the .... ofmockm ...I hocb ...... ,ncn:asc:r,.,." l l .l% .wJ 359% fo • ...:mocnand .... JIIlpoml ori!h prno;"", dIU ofH% .........O fI\CIt lind .G.4% ...... m. .. 'D 1995 fN""",,-o)-.mel bt ~ .,.;.uc ..( . . -.:d~ . ..... rlbeporiod_ Evlda!"" IIN""'. .... dw-.t. __• "pkm. .. _of r. ..., lyplann;. .. """'...."l andin~OIII """".ltOCtSSfull), raoa ltodUt University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh "llOl'"",ot.""""onal"'''''''' ''' Upnda(N_ao''~ .... dtuoul ...! hods Of """ oI~. onI, ~ tqIOncd.~' ' ..I >-SDanon ... fnca,Tabon8<1a1 ·. 1101. 1 ....r teddt&ladolc:sc ...' . ,,, ... _~""""'=~ ...l dt .. . dri.i"llfOn:cfc'_io-«ooomicde• • lop ....M tha!b. . ...,~cd aJot.IIlllalDon~· 1!lbc ......I a'I6 .. _andid:tnnart"" .. ""CU"""""trxOI1<~' ' .... s...... ... fiiea.Hooo""" .. .. inc:~'"."I<>III'I>mcllIClI'chc.olllo '!IhlS(SRIlR!IrI Modta.""". rote'. ... pI<. h,"'d'op..,III_. .....p kd"'. .. ~ .. odIooI nn_tol....." .I.P.."."..".".l.d..W.. l""8"'.n:ach,"''''''OO)·'''''''poOpk ... '''',..aI",«I--s....pWd_u"""'nlOnIGran' .. SIooMm. 2011) ~cconpotitiOOlandlhbo.IIcOOaddft3SllOl- (""'.,,,....,-._ _"""" .." ""~,.., ..... (GI3IO,I:.Shoh-. 20111""'""' .. _ OI1) ....n .sllllliben: ..... lhighle. .. IOfkoo. .1 tditanoona SlUdy,..--a. .... Tloofiaduo&o ""'ibe5ftldy."U".dlll..",i.oI~.~lig,,:. ... b. .i e,.. .. dc'ptaIbOIISoff. .." lrlllal"lb<~ mo"8 .....· <~ty ....6 tn\smodicdiaT. ........ IIo: M~· 19IJ%lo(""'40 I ............ b£w lO"''''''''''''''''pt' .... . Ho .... '''' ' .IholNdy ..p attodlow uptak.OroonllalXp'''CS.....,..lIIUdy """ipMII..-illl162.....-MiI\l(40.4%lof_. ......... "' ••m :nlI)· .........' · mcIIIodof University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ~ .... TK __ "'<' Ioud. 'Iw_oII• • _ d ... ~ ... ~aI'" obJo,......., ~"" "IO .. pon«IdwoI_"",.aI",. ........ __, __ ..... r.- r. ...... rl. ........ .... IIcaIth ~ .. ..n.."t~4.%, -Ml J.".,""")~0%,"' ...., ."d) 1 'Tkn:,. ......r o.. .. ...... "" ""'~"" Ih: ... of_',.,.l. ...U -.,_. .· ..,.,. ....... IS ... ,L....,"L~ 000) [ftO-'&nd_ ....w .....AI'ncM """""""'. ........ o(-"~I'...........,. ... tA .......L 20I .) .,......,Gh.o .. ... J,.,._oqoorto• • Ood_ ..... _ean,aooo<,.u><)ll","'.boh""""'amofII .. ocI· .. om ... .. ""....,nocdsIAIIIIO" Bine, . lOIl) Inlimhcrano, .... ''' .. lhpk •• ...., •. - COfID""""" .... was ..A fi:. ThcdalaalooSllggesl .. I,lchhoodoibc. .. ___" "'r-aae rtspondctocs\\'100 had ''''''Ii~.n !>i l\ll .1'1,,1 ...j % orrc..a1a ""p<>rfed............c.d prtpa>q' (Gn"dloy .. .c ,.lO •• ) . o.dsO("",,~ DaI.o.f"""Ih<:Z0 1 4G~o.mognopIoic ..d HulIhSIln'C)''''_~I%of)'OllOlll\\_ betwoc:nthe ..O fl'COl9yunllldlOla24,... .. IIad .. IWt1. . '""""fbo-OO-";O'. Afiordot. 39%otllllwomenilllhcrtPMd"""~ .. ai •• bil'lllbtfO"'lht)· oachlo)"CUS.UIUlll""",,,,u. , "pW.lloll,,o ,,,,,n,,hn ..- d f"" of , ldo ~ff«:" f""" 1100 .... 01 cmoI """'-pi"'.' ",II. ,OC",·,. ;n, ...o :n""IICI"" .. ,ll'O·' lond,nJ"'*bl<' II."f.nsl •. Il,n_ .&:Ch,noQu"". 2U l l llnfurthc ....... ...p ond< ...., en"«! IIw IhEy _ .. Milliamllixd (Appiab"Aa~d"", ~ M)'~ lOU) C. ........ '" botb 1OrtI)d (om> of """'traCCoiOCIIIln~IIeaI1h .." ...... -,"";..,. .. ' yoludonU'"'bo 1*ti.ipallDdu. .... _ytAI'Pi ... -A,syd< .... .t.Ka};.20JJI University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh fA I ... of._ ....., . ........ T. .. . A."OO,~"' T...w.: ... "ClCm" ......... oo< .. .0n6 .... O(.-.... '<. .... ....,.,..' .. - ..,....t"'" ... "omc""usa<'Il."'. . ~.o(.""'~'<'pon""f l \~ ....p koI .. <"' ". . _offf,. l ... mll ............ ... Pp.ah.ol M. ....f t, . 10141 runh< •. Ij~ 'ndo<""''' ..... '''"'''' .... oncI ....' .. o( EC. · ...... IIIOdy<:Olail\totlCI_lIdoo "' ..... ,I. . do: ••' -nln::ponaI"'T. ...o Ic:.""-. App!IIo. l< ... cIonuob ·Af. ... aOII) ~1OfId .. -...-.nccpti. ...... -. ............ n::pn>d .....o e .....I 01 I11_. ............. ....w....c.,... .. _. .-11o-e_ ~.. ........... -,........I'O"'.""""'"'..., • liu_ ..... ,......,.IqIOI'W ...... \lflllkol-..._ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh """"'I\\""'C~ 1, ,,.oI"''''l'''ok,,t1w-....t>M'M"r 1.5Pf. .f p,001t.olCrMt' ...< n!0.'oI . C201~1W8!"1U1"'" "',""",<'J'I""" .,roorruxepi"'C$ u"",1Iodo ""'tIh·.Rlothtrm'K<>fICI:_ofrop»,cr:. "",uaccPlanoc..~rqrortr:d("doorJ<'''''' " ....i lllioe ...d ylllat"'portcdPchlcl1etol .• 10I6) Othet1 loe lT .ll oo lh<"''"P''''''""'''''' lWf Q(, ... " .." ')pal1>I'lJ Sumc of theo< ..d t Cff«;l$W:""nbo8mol ltdo '"'l! Th ...... atoothepol'lXpI""'.offOOI$llM>II,ond,. ... >& ...... ha ....' S I_ IO .. l,bodo"·,rIotbclOKof ....t raupl. ... "'"""""c• • f,.,j, ..... ofrh<>IUd) .." uled .. ...,OC Th."'''orledpor. c -.....I .... ""'pcn:..,..,OIlJQrodok:_~lO...:I"oon .. "'~,,~ ........... ..,.,..·· .,,_CSU'IIC'nd"'''''''''''h'·'"''_JaIIIUIhr~1c "Th<~Jood"""",. .. bd,*",,,ft''''.- r. .i lj'pIaM"",.,u:_ •• _ .. _manddor~,ft""'hc>non""')"_-..I """ ...h ". oe_""Ihout ......> 'OIvem • ..,of .... ">P>".""n....-~""'- ........ COIIlnv ...... .-.JySCcodortod(C.""rdIaNIc .. al . 10I115o<>I""SUn: •• ~ oad-...aIIaclocdtod'iidboflh ...o oIoI OO Cd;"A.a:. . w.lht~cboootel "".......,.,..; .... . 'l>IiItCIIlillk."ltdli:cts"""'powdwidlllJD·s,OC'·S_ '"jeo:lablq.II ... .,IIOn:po,.... ......... _, --.. .... .-ac.._ .. 0<1., __. ........ _ ........ """" .... _ .." "'patlw; ...... " "'_ ... ~",.,_.-d ","'t/w; •• of I.C. ...... b"'ahn8 "." ..' .... · , " ''''P>'f;1I,,~to_m.ruod, .. f''''''''' ....I IIl, ...-_ro. t/w;a-...~ ..... __. ............. ....... IIuc_ oI",.... -.I ......> C~_ • • -...upI" nr. ...... ho ....c ..... .....-~ "'-_".,.....ow;n .. ___. . r-u_8· ~_ ......... "-""""" ..... """WIIOICOIICC,>CofIc, .... "i!cnI..........,u."ptlls""""'"'._root""-_,cn_etl \II;",8 ..I t·piI··."d_m. " ·<. . c-.w-dorfOlJC'dlol_onw.. ... d>cpoU."Uthc. ....> e .~>e ..n ...a: ... IIo:_etl_. . --....·CI(L·fAak" .. . 101.1 ....1 rICqID. .......~ .. t/w; ........... noedood rModi.ss """" .. I111111)· .... """"' .. b ... efb:of)l , )J0'II0)md ..l iaiooIs "".m12"21,",,) .. ~for .......... ~_ (S .. ~ .... .. 20.'). Loal\lolltrto_"",_~"f __" " ........ ~~ .. -C--..Wo__o b...w...f ltd&oon""""",,,,"_""""-"'''''''_''' __ f_'''~' .M.''' _ofCal,ro.-~ ... ob. ..D .... ~_"-~ 1I0. ..... llquire ..) "IiaanPfCJCn~. MIJO"I)'(.,%JOflho_ .... _,,_""_ "-~.~......,. .....l IoeM wilhu._1inI 1. .e tl....-_ '--O' ........ " .. -""" ...._ _, Ic4 ..... ..,~ .... University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ._. ... ,..,eo,,_Io,Io .. ,. ... ph ...... ." '<'.' ......... .,..,,_ .. ~~ ... <-'-"". ... .. ~"' • .-.:t ..... _"I1 ''''p<>rI.WII~_I''''' 6.·. . lI<""r.alI) .. _"'_dIM 1he .. 1I.~ ID ""oodc eK«u .. ,Ih ""''' cIIoo«oI_.-ptI· ·a fI·O·· It.4..-. "''" . 20nl ..p orm:I'',.'d< .... 'a nonl ..... of ohc-'nf~ "or."" hUIlo' to_",,' ...... .,...a __ ... <""'~_IO ..M ktIIt .......... aon> f~""' ... _ ....... c.. ......... ___ ...... ~,..... ..... _ ..... ~IO_~..." TlIr __ o(_.-,.'·a_oqndoo<~"" ... akIo ....' ICCI ........ IO .... ~ .. rwaI_oI .... .-~(t.4O/'f011C t;on 8: 1i~"DII, 10lH .." ,nod lI\oI,nf""". ._ DII -"""""""'" ,""""g __n "'"""lOI'h'Jhod.ooI",.bolh .. n""DCofodi>k ......... lf8"'lr~.r .. II'fnI,,,,,, "'~m •. " ' ......... '1.r . f2{l fl) ' ... ''',,,,, r"""" •. l. .." "''' .. .r. . llOr6) ....' '''4rba' ''''~o('''''"pW..oI.o.ulXqlU'<."'J"'''''''' l\: ... _mal,.,.. ... on. ... _ ......... """~.rm-... l\anWIop·-.......-.mJ' ol ____ <>< ................- _I""" R-."'~ ....... !_~ • ..r i.,. .. US ... It'fIOIIby .... ~'.mb .... d"""'_~.atnpl.1I.U f.G...top,• ......",;". ... Ioa....pW;< of_pIIODhallIod """""' ......._ _ _ doqr_ ..... r.. ...... IliI. ..... biorh. n..~ ..........a """" .. ~ oI"'*""-....i < ........ fi:>o.""""''''_.-~Mdrbt ......... ..,.,.,. .. ~ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Th"<"","'d,_. .. Ih.""'thodlh.n:. .. rcl><, <",pl,,,~,alho "ud~ lIblud" "h<~Iho"""~ ... 00fId"""'" ...:I .... "'" p>o'l .., ,,,,,,, oftho .. ud~ .... ~ ",."""'. _ potU ofllo • .,OIW "",Iud< _pic .." " .......... ....... ,M .... IOk''n~JU'':cto1bc.ntI ... JK>p\IlmonTbr ... ''''''"C¥a ..... '''1ho PfOCCdu .. _ .. adopIo6IOrdaQoolloctio.plon ... "",noonJ. p<,",,'''''''kchll,!l'' ''''''''' ..t ".hI"df pMI"'ponts flq~"l.>I>n", ..g n ... ~'n:an>"'.""'- obJ.ct ..· • • oItbo:otudf' nU. . lhnd< ..... """"".baoocIOI'Ir;nd"'8"froonochnll. ..' ctVan>bles '.tIIr~ ..., .~,, <>'.,,(~OIId ,""'''' .. '''ICIIJ ........... .."j bj· ....." "'n''''anaoconolC ....... • ..,and """,,,,'I'~I"" Thcsboily ............c todimIbeTomaI • ...."",."IIofIh'c ... IcvcI.n.c~..,.,.~ ..... 2012(f_,.; ..... , 20L1)Tbesc .... ",..T_C_ ... _.T_s.-~ .. TanukNonlo ..b -m_ .. "'.LL. ..... S-ripdiotric:t(f. .... ..... .. 20 I1) ThcpopulatioaofTMIII.5IOQdIll7 L.JS I"""' .,. ....t hrauofBbcho._Ibc ..... __ _ iooGllaoo.(2000·1Il10). Th;. 6a- .. bc ..... Ihc:~ ......1 Io1lllC&c-orl.1_ "'1iOuI ....... _of2.9(05S.20Il). n.. .... ofT_ _ .~~·~av. .... 20 IJJr.....200S ....... lqIOfti ...... 922ki\omclUl ..i Ih ......., .. . daoIil)'of 3IU JC:_ pn..,-~ •.n ,;.K l l blllUlbc~~ ......I yOr 2.S.9 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh T.....-" T. .......... GooIo.,..,.. .. _~·~."O'C-TkT ...... ~ .... ..-....-Ioc_~ ..... o.n.PI" .~ 1. .. _'. ..... ".~-~ ...... ~._.r.-dl.~ .. _OO_~M.all>.>d,-. "",,=,," 1 .1. .... .,. .....1 >.>.""""""'", ............. lOr'IIoDf ..... """"~!~aVtllooolo. l1l l 110\lltf .. -."''''''''IC~ 1!otto. D.IboI.poT.a.. ... I00_ .... VIftI.SCOO""IlI"' ......... __ Oflk..........., tdoaoI • ....-caM.,,_--' .. n.... .. _1h~s...e. n.c ....... ___ prxIICeJpoh~ ..... b .. _ .... ~~~_ • • 'sWY""""""doc """,,,", ...'. .. ~· .. IYCf_dII. ...... ~.bt ..... ~ 'O_"'V.bo ....2 0!3JllIe,.'~I)'ll.moflMoll)'''''''n_,I 'I'KfI~ ...... heod .",.,.,Iy ...................., ioos ... dilldoflh< OIo ............... of . 2 n ....... -..a~,.,JIOa_ .... ~ .......... IhcT-.Ic~"n.cT. ...... Tc.odI..,~ " ... """-IlNllc MCtrOpoltL>nHcalthO«n. . ,noaood<~mak ..." """". Tho..: r.:~w< ~",I~" .. en: _ ..... lh<"IIn of 1<·l~'eaR All ~""P>I'I>".n: ••n >llcdlft ..C I. T...w.md n...-..: .. en: the Gh. .. Smoot n.._pnon ...... 'O%oflhc popul ... "" "en: u .... ofCOOlllXlOptnn OdK: • ..",....a:lIof "'ina pot>' .... n_I)lCl«Icdb), d. .I C .." dp"'S"""nK.'nalllh""'ochooI."flIuaI>l) . ""'. . --' .." ""h,psdlools'nT. ..............' .'. ... lK1oMC...abucd""Ihcr.. ... lbq- ........ ln odotcMa .. ~_and.w...s..,,·.!\lSIoboanod.I, .. ofall_. ......... lIf'Iio:ftd.1W 1I.,,"! ...~ .nChr:_;bI.I, .. or.I;wnI~llO r""" J)/JorIo ......., .......... 1""!!""'mn, ... doy,;tlioos.omall ...... of~widleolht.yahIo". ..... ""dlCpopn. n....._ofJllpOn ..... fOhl ... io.wayd\alMI*ti. ...' ....... iduoof ..... lbq. .. .".,.....u.a_pIoad •• __. "lll*'>k""" ........... l .... p'O«.'p_ .. ~ ......... IIf~ 150(31(o'1Of ~ .. .,.V. ... ~Hop IlOIlZ6") ... OoIoolpoTtcA.ocII ....... IIQI2'J.%I F. .. _ .. " .... .... ~"""'-,.aI __ c>.doodN&.. .. ~ F._ .............. do"""......, docJdected tdoooh_. ... ud....,r- .... ~ F. .... ...................b ooIlIuI ..... _ ... bo: ...... .................... ofUI02.)~ .., ... Qo.oonIjQIi ....... ..... obt&inedllllllO. .....I f. .., "'. .." "'q ... _ .. WIlll ....., ...." """"" .... oIliC>ooflht .._ _. .· lhI'OW>IIIOCtI"" ........, paruc,paooUadIIjOl:l, ....... Cft:po .... pIaOSoI._,~-60-: _for ....... I ...t IIOoI"""twne .. faoaI' • ...",...."I ........~ ....· O<01 .. ...-"'IOdlooa .. _~_,.·*· ....... ·_. .... lk-~ ........... _ ..... -...._"'.-.. dMI ............ __ .....,.· """"...-aokcdbClAnb_aod .... '"""'aa'.~ •. ...-_tptal\t ... ,1Ibk._ .......... . ~"'dOrpuuc'_ .. Aflnpatl.,:o,. .." 'lIll1ohc<1_ .... ..-.... n...._wefOO ...... IO~ ... ~.oI>u ........................ . .. __ .. C .. __ .., .. ,........A--. ................... .. ..~ .....,. .....f oooI ...... ..-........,..-a-...,.~._ ... .... _.IIOCII.n- .......... h011<1_.,pultl'ooft,.on:for~ .., ThcSocgjSc......, S..nbealhc:Ufr>._(Sl'SS)•001 ll"u .....t •-a"1drio d.m>AO..Sq...,. ... _,...,,.,.ll<,...-A~ ........... IO .......... ......_""""..,.,aNble>Thtt=dt> l'r'OIOlhl)·"'"• Jll'<.......i111a .....i .li>nrl ..' "1'-on TMlwd..,.,....t ,....,_ollhd)•·•dClllCti,.c..,..·laboo1.,.ol ...., aa..lu• ... f'ID""1E'llaoid AJl'llPl>YllO .......... ...,,.U1Ulinoiaal10llloCtmioHcaltlis.n-Ea.:.~· .....· c ........... ((;HS-ERClroo_.,..i TlocJftOdr "•~·-l1aponu,..,,.~..,Alllbdi>r111.._...,...,lhc .. anabla"'*~""--~,..l'ICU..-.... .. .... ....,,.pionie;p.u'""""-" .......... ,of_~~· oldoaicol""'*>d University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh A""") .." ''''.''''n.m"...~.""",. .. ",cal''''''"''''''''"'lhaIpoRIC'",,",.dO-''.do.lOthc qu< ...... .,. ... SOIl ~Ofthtdau~..:d r,"."I'>."Copanll .. »""""'OII . lIardd".<..:I _ """" .. Nrtkran ....... dI" . Ihoflhc ...." _"'."'<~\· po""""',Io<,poM>.tIooc.l.l .. pfUCC1\lor c""'Iao ","I! ...... "".". ofdllC ~·ODIIXI\CItIC ... u,I;ldy .. pt.tloflhc""l";. ... _for~m..ltlclh" .....l )" oI GII ..... TlII1P01C1y ..' . . sok:lyfwldcdb), thcpnnc"* ......., ..,.n.a... .... ... """"lCloi University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Thc.nod)l<3s""upal.ot_P·""·""'''''8f"m~k>dok''''''''(I S-24) ea''laIIaIdJ", Scru"' H'IB~ScIlool 'n llooT. .... ........".oo. lnall~loWofl""'fcmak~IOOl,,",," 1he """"'ppon•""''""fi.n•.,.-I._..,..,.• •-::-- ~:u-pl•ft .......... "'"'""God ~:;"•""'"""'""'"""""""°"!IK<'pb•·••oc: My...._..,.....__,..ft ... ~- .. ~-!·-pattnnMll~uol6J(I~......,. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh l.T.W.Z1>: r•«.n•-••f••"••P'".,.. ............- ..,i.u1t••;••••"-' ..w o1n Suonil•agi•""'"n 79(l00%1 9S(!4Cl'l'ol llM>(42v'lo l J911SO"l.I COllin«lll"" .,.. lOIU7 0%l l lll(UD%) IG4(260"11.f 411120%) ll''"",.'"'«"'1,.,.1 C-...p11>n.,... 74(190'%t llS( l90%1 J~71J70'tol 6J060M __,,.n ....- ~...;or..y1S6%1orlltlMl)"por1.._.u-Mllll111ot_......_ ........ _..,,."""""'-°'--Wllihl ....... 1(l2%j-.llC1<111--.poi""pilb i1%1...,«lhc nuteffoc:Uvc.,ed.od University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ( IJl"U..a)· l>Clfbcclf<"lltltloc~ .. of"""4r>C<)ll••··· ~blelOo/foftl«Ml~IJI"'"' 2>""'dlota: 217(690) ff§~~~ SJtl~OI 41(1201 •C!OI Ll! lOI :WCl60l )) (1 0) -- 12tl0) l•JOi>Iof~....,.(ll~~- dlal University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ·~--·••lf«U"'"''·-""·~···· ~~:·--·-··- .,,,,,.__ , t:nw:~·~, .. MotOCP"•I w~_...,. Wl11d1ol"1ho,.C0111roe) 44(1101 l6C10) S--olOOOllllXqtl- ....._. ......o alshop/dnot"""' ~_,;..uc1.­ ~~; .... University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 6, Toblo~: l•m."10• ... ol'<•lroHpli1'n Howf•(,..rqlflld..c11. . 1ou1111 ...... .,.. '" ~· ,..,,_.,r_., ~ .. " §:=-~~------ ~~ " " ~,::=ffc7.. - .. 111 ... .,..... ~~=~:~~Q:C}·ck =ty0111~usi.n.1.-.p.t ,1_ ..1 f~ _ " "' " '" no s-:-->""'-~-~·cs "' ~::-•ofh<-""°"'ntpfn'Cftl ... "' "·' m "' University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh """"u..ROIIdl.,.-"""'f1peJ.lIII,\crriIJ or .... ""JI"""kr".....-iftt 56%Mid,raw friaIdo ""' ..\ Ih~ .....i qc:<>a\roaptirtlM)t...MdIabd ......... bldpftT)'OOI""".'''''''-'''- llolh""""" ll l (J~ 01 ~1Siop pmuK ......._........... ,..... 1:0~) .,.. l'<_ •• ,.. . ..... ..,., ........ ,;.., .. ,,. ,_• . ..,..,. ... ... ('-Odd11 •• -........,_ __ .. ·'N Thcoli_oIkqflfld'. ...............O fd',."'.rud'oI:ot<",. . , .. P. ........ _I""~ .. O>f"'"'U_pIo...,I..-,~,..,._. h. .......u llCd .. thcnqali..., ........ pUOII University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 1I<...-~ ... ,.. ................. tllcl"~' ofp«llllc.IU"""'''-'d 1 ........' - .... ~ .. IocohnJeI,.-ob .., . ... ,. . r_"'""""' • .en .. , ... ...., . .. "udy..,....oCle«plI_ ....... Mod) •• ' %ofpMi<.,- bc""" ........ cobn::t;v... ... ~ _ .. _"'-e~ .. G-.Ihe. ... Ihe __ Ihe __. . ~ . ____ .... ai .. bo ..... I'itRp. .b etI>,bIIII .. ~-.It_ .l.p..tD IfI' ...M ' . f,....,n .. f_ ......." "'.;,. ._ · ... r. ..... dlO.'J>I<-fWl' ......• • ..... Oh.A,sld._1i. K.a" . lUI). ~k:>Iwnm«I .,01 .. lOin """" tharoH%o( ..u d< .... ID III. T_. ""'um. .. ·l non'"KC'oIiqcpclO~b"""'" "'. ......... r-t.pr......aSbldy'."c.y:o .... .....,..~, .................... "'. .. 101ooobOa,,-,lhcleforMil)' (a...r:toIo:,," . LlOI6) ~_,,,,,,IS",~ .... . bcA~p<-.I.~ ... ~ofprq;noncy .._ _p l'_·"""S~, .. Ibo" I.".. SIIOdy,....,C>pOIIIoop;r.-"" .. io)"lho)'u-a-u...o(-......_"""""" ........... • ' ...... ~CMoqcd ....... daa ................ _~ ____ n.... ,.."..,......." ..... po<_~r.- ..I lJtI&Pn;pn n."'~"' __ ""''' -..dy~.....,"lI.,.; ••" 'I)' ....l IlJi"T_ ,. . .. t..dI ........., ..,..,.,I ..... _ P,..renU-of_"""".S. .- c:Y. . M"'). .. J""-~.r.tanooci (10 1 61 s;.;lorI)o. lhe rondinp_._....m ... JNdy~ L ·E.p·~. o...q".,..no lll ..... 1qIMOoI8<2tIy0l1"'-.. . ... ....,.........-of .... IIo".......-bwl- ... . .......... S. .., dr«1. IIa'r_~-'Il' ",. . -..I~ II .. WlorocddooM ~,I!o.......,.,., .. II .......r af><". J»l1 .._ .... ""Id .. <'!JI>(hcopbOfUO' ....... f .........l r. lkl'carof ...f f«Is ...... ,ot do"' ............ d<'pII>U.' .......1 aI 0IC1ISl ...., "" ..... r;,..."j"' beIoiP C4i%) Thoo".f. .. looocdb)' ''""",,'OfIUI%I-'bIocd,. .. C24%). n.: .....c findmp ... _,... .. ,lhdo-. S6%_,.noa,-s .. ..-. n.IrIhto_biIoIyol .... ~. ,. d". r..,..; ", _Id aI., be ...., _ .... easily ~rdtobIe _ .. ___ ...... .....,-...,"' ......... "" ....... --,.- University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh .:,._r. .. ""' .. ...aI> ...... ~hl<_ ..... , ....... """Ioao .... ...,« .. IO.-.-·pI"<> "'''''"''''' clio",. 1ft do:pmool ........., 11<. a" a>~hh of .-lXcpI, ·n " • poublcm Who", oJ.: .......· . .l abIc . .,...,"". ... I'm'INA""". ..b 'h. .. ....... ." .... h' )ofcomraocpl>'n".n: _ ... ,""d '"II". otud'C ............ ,..-,tI!ooIw:' .. udH:.IApp»!I-A.ld.""'.t~,. N1J . • h"d," 0I0I . 21114 •. tbos"lIII) r.;....d __ .....~ or""''''opondMtll".". .....'. _IO_ .......... oppooeo:I ... II,.,I .. loohld_. .... '~1lo:0MI) ................ r.I"'I',.,.,. _ .. IIOod ... N"'IF*".....,.-"""'nlO .. ' ... ..,...oopuIo;.of~t ....... bI TOU.IcH. .... SIIodr ·~pIon:d .... atJoodabol"yol~II • • r.ao. .... c:oooId........." -"' .. __ • ..choojol __ "'- ......... r tSI'lO.lof ... ~-.... ......... do<:$lO(lI ..! Onndlco,'*"" .....· !laUlllUaOqlO"lOItO_ """. ..n . .... ,..... .. __ ~,i"'f,"din. . b)' Appi ........ yc:k""'.tK.oo)". IN I JltI!III~"""'_ ...." "'. ..... Tholloocl;npoflllio.-udy ................ IO ....... ~I' ••I yIlCll ... --.~..,....,.vI 1hc~utyllq· .....k I"""" .... ..,...",,_~. ... _. .. ..,.....""-.. ..... -. ... Olletodoe_"""'ofdooiot .................. ~._ AoooooI ......- o( ....... _"-pl'''' .. p·...nioeol ....._ ... p~". .. '''''nd ..... .... 169%J_ Thi .find. ............. rlJOlliap """'.IboOI). .... ..-- .. CIoII\IXqIII'" - H% uf.wa.M ,......1iM. ....... Cl'" XI"I .... _ oI.n. ..l ly - .... 4i .._ 114'ij_-...a-I I~ ...".,.r...c*>d .. _b....., ............ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh T1Iot,..... ....... __ .... fi. .... oI ...... "'U-..-"'~ .......... SdooaooI ....... .....,. .. IAppoolI.AI)"" .... II""" . 2O Ill.cooo<. ......c ____ IO '"'*--.l'I' _ ..· OMrn,.GII. .... (Ik_ ... . !UIIIW.' oI ... afSOO ..... - ..- *"~-- .......... n.. ........ oI ...... ~ ... .......,_ Jor_ ~~.t .-..-~ __. .. IOIb-SoIo_AfnarwHO. 20I.IA• .........,.. ....... W- ,.... .. _bkl;l)lO...dhtfeduaol""'.""'bMKlc ..... W'Ih"'""IUfIF'UII....,. .. ,...."paMJ""".x"~,. ... nlOfll .... " ..o .odP .........y "'., ... ror,,"' ... ~of ....... ~.· .. l1ui ...._ _ "'") ... .....,.c..~"' ....... or_~-- -'-_.-w ...... -... • ..v-._. .. 01 ..... ....., .... _.,. ..~ .t ...--. __ """onfIIII'!"bIo;--'_.""....,. .... c-.loulod .. ~""" ~~ ........ -~ .... .....,w ... dioooa"'""_ ........... ... - ............. <> ....... ncd "'.11 oonu-pt" .. _ cIotorrKal ........ pI\.>mI"'" and d"'8"""" nIl' IS ,.1,,,, ".11< aaud' ...., 5UI8"1l, ... f"""~-ch<>n.al""'" _mortaI~· _"omnII.l>,.".~1boI seosnpbic:aIloaouoo.n. . r.r..s.a ....... "'tlllIocfitlduopby c~."""".&:H.now.(20Ulllhlli~diQII.bel ....I ·_~ .., ...,Iho-. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh .. ~, ............ "'" ....._ ton"x~po_ .. ,Ill ,IN". ,... .... "010,"'''''''''.abo IqIOAa/Qo.otd \hoooLd JWUIC" u.o .. "'" - ~'''II .. _ ....... ~ .. ~ •. -. ..b ouo&., .. , .. IhtP'<. ... cdforoumed-n.: _ ........... taI ..., _. ........I ooo>.,....p:opIr"' ..... ,,"'PftM __a ......... of~~' hmIIs .. l>ooO,...,"--..~~ . ~cnoI-...eiud;"II". d~.[ .., iJldI ..._ JOI • . ~ ....... aI_ lOl~ ....~ 1I.oo:I - ... .....,pb...""hullh ..' O!i.< .....I >MIo:Tbt' ..... ,.,.....,·boouceeA'·<"""'" 01 .... ., """'_ En" J>IC,"~ come' .. "~ . M'~ I." ''''"",,",,'''' ... """~ """ ""'" 'P""'." ,.. ..' ''r. .' '''. . 'RCOItIe.OO ..' '''" "u_of ........h " .................... .... or --..... .. -*"I<. ... .... .,.. .. __ MONI'~ .. ___ .. _ • ...01...,. .... rI .. _ ..........1 dmo n..doopo<.~ .. ______ ... ~r- .. ...., ""'w... .........._ .. _ ... '-.. ~ ...... 1'Mo...,· __ ~· .. alaOlll ........... -.-_ .......& t ..... ....-- ...... T. .. -.... . _~_....- ............ . -..4M-.._ TK_._pb~"to...- .. .--.... _ ... -....-........... Th,· ......I p)'IIUftC~ ... "".,..IheI.-..-._~ ~ .. 'ftlhc-_K ••' eI.....,toftlw;.......,' h-.c>clfrom .. Iiond, .. 1Iw University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ~*_O«u",,,,,,,pl,,a .. . ~1% To~'n'<~llh" fi...tI~1I rho: iWd' bad "'""'obj«1>' .... bosod"" .. h«h."'''''I,,,ron''JI"1J''8 ... b''''''''.,,<,,,a>lo.od or ~tll~.-''' <101 .... .,..·_. .... """. .... """a' .. lallIl," of"""II'XqIlI '·a.~PUOnhod ..n . ." ",,,,,ulJl.>l..oK""""""""P"""_'~Mooo """',""",,)' reportod "de .1f.cc .." ''''h ........· .I) ,ftny.n~y~of"""onccpt"·n ". '"""'!at _ Thu.r""",. . c"""",* ,,d .....h r.nrhnpf""", lIOIh pco ..." .... afattodn_~ llI<. . ..,..n1dc_of .... ,:II>Ul"· "pificam ............ beOlll!:.Md .... of~_ &ocberwc. .. 20-2.)'. .........r d .. oonuac:cpb_ .... _ .. ,mpoNnt .... ""'. .. ~ _clflralllS"e .. ,odo<"fi""'l' __ do<~",. .... """"'-'" dIol>;al«r","la'Clof ...~ .tbc_--""""""~''''''''.''''porQnI'n''$ lbO:Iy. S. . 'la.roboorva_. ..... modc ..i "' ....... "'oc.....J"' __. IIIPlrolubll. ....l )opiu ""* .... ho .. IKILWlIcIQSP. ._ 1J""oryn. .* '..,~ ...... Ibe_'m~ "''''''-inypeUc"r"""ltKq>I>OII. ",oIc:""",*"",_"", _podO""" ru ... or University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh =::=:~:=::::=;:::=::·,,::s;,~, - , hIq>o l/do1""'IO J)'91"'bh101~OOln AoaI_A .~V . A"",""M N /I. "' ........ _, W A ( 2U I~) " ... ......,.... __ -.-dr-oI_fI"C)·~>cpoN. -otII ...... aI~.<"II!. ~ ) ....I ... T_• . G"-"M1· "·-.. . IhU"""""l ........_ .... GIo>NIIMC ..._ ~.H""dI. I«L).I _ IO iItIpo'J_ ....... IOI1t(JsI~-ClI.-06}O'O 'W'O'L . HoncI ... M. J . Ma) ... £T~ MIow.A_ .......... S A~ ~LM •• ~A 1l01.)AdoIcscenb · ~IO .. ~,.....,' .. O""A~_'" S...,..h"'''''-I'.-...c ....A _ _ G~. 1III').t.S~ .... '/dot1 )". ... P. .... a Nao. 0.._ 11.,.,..-"", HuhIt,.",,~,. . M4"'~ .l-llhaps/Ido'OfJIIOl)07l2660S01 ' 9.-. P. ,.ppoa.h.R . "',.domah·.o.r"".,.UOIM)ModhcA"""'BM4 · W_. .. I_'It. /81I~I _.httpOj/l.Dn«I.JI!V(9U7).165- 111 ~ttpO lldo. ·CHJIIOIO I 6o'S0140- 6736(ll)o6Ol21·7 ~ ..: I. .." k_R..c-.. . G _RIX ...... K. • .t:Mco'-- H (101t)-'flhaw...a) ...o ....... ..d .... ) ,,, •. ,.-t.o,,·,IIIaL.c:an:of ........ .. quahtab"'"""'Ynplor>lts_ ....... _ IIIdp ...I Ij/ckNorsiIOIIIl6I>12'IOS.o17-611~-6 o.an.t..MOIIh. V.S.,.,.. ..y ,. J . ,."' ... A .. f ..- . H .• Sa~· . l_ Go ..... F. . I:T_M (201)I.T. ..... tyyntSa/I.tinlcmatiorWcoali!_oapo~*htIHtW. QIt-._. ~M-.I_ ='S:~Ed~:'::'::'C::,~~,:.aicaY_.KaIloKooa'Iak.-1 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh r .." rxcp,,, c U,, lnCIwIo \J"",,·'mh'''''J' I·IomH~IC· · )O I,!(l 1112 Mil' 1Jd.), o'lllW 11111) 111~·~~~~ lUll ()Oll~, QaLo-Go.kM . I:.N'." ...... JI10lltbplonnS Ill.UtoJAdul<'""'SC,uaI...:I Rep'''.h• • ''''ncIs..n'I. ........ ... Jut.""",,(~I,.""", ... ,.<,.,"'<'''.:.mllwS«'''' .I4·. .. ''''''• . J. IOI - U l M.,....~"!'n"..t. Illlp Il"'..u_~ ...........f e<1 · ,-1i;. db·.""II:AN ·~'inH' U::"' ...... """·I'''' DetuI, .. A . I:.G""''''. ... D. (lfll2) /ItN"". "'C_ _p t_....JI""rr. . ", C,.,,· ..._ , k<'<,,~""""'_._W_ .. ~ QootI'_~· ,.»tUdnfr"""". __W >4I "".A7t1NjtH'~ .. QrlIt'I~ &nt,,, "'C""'~pI""'_I. ." ..." nl",.'.-M~_' M ....... ~ .." '" 1_-1_ _ W"""''' ~ (hoo1 ....., ....' iIw/y IIU). lkI- ql O' ...I I.S .• Th..mon.S. . ....... nbc'8 ••. M .. N~""io.O_.l:.r. ...M oncc-'Jo . N pOI.) Sc:oI,.. ... ~"-.'"I· ofa)BIIKc""'e'mp! ..I S 'n ... b·SahataooArnc.o.Opam ...... <'fI"neooces '" t.bnY. ..... I.A. . .ltY;rM.G. A. 8 . (20 1 71. Ci~·p",Iii ..: Taraalc.GhMo.nn".IIII,W_). ilttps:IIdoi00l110.l016l)ciciao201607.01Q OUnaS'*"b<:al!Kn'. . C201l)20LO""""'lalIon 4H.:.om.C. ..... IlcpD .. O'ldre.. Adolttccnu""youna ............ Gh.,., Gito.wJSIn.oIlIU...J_n:pr<>dIlCtl ........... .. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh eum<"l"m '" M-"'>l!.ocor ~"I", .JN<" .... II"J,~.\"'''''' _¥~·ll. h!-bC> hllpi Ml",<>tgI ln lUMd.>oo. S C Mooa>t< ..~ ) . N . K ..... N , Me)..,.. •.M . /Iokp..:.:. 8 T (200b) 1'10,"""':,·11 ....' " "'f_~...,' f · ___p II'''',,,f ·QM(J. .' ',,J..-"fo'''''"·""K_Iede<-~_l} .. _ AOoIeoff_ _, yl'_. . _ ~~ .. lkalt/o('Q". #O(I).)o"JSh..,.JIdooDfllIOlll6ljlplk-lOU·IOO464 Kobok ...· KIwhoIi. .. T .. Mooonacla.. R. . BaoIroow. H., ElKaLLolZ....,. • • H UOI1) ""rspa:~vc.. P,,~H_~.}J.57S-S16 lottps.lfdoo ,orw' lO 10l0III9611010.2011 1l71Sl2 KalI8cr.H. K . Th"".II.I.. .. II'ynluldKn. LI..,rwkbt'l. M . ao..oets...KG\20IS), lNe..r _CW'a«'pIioooonclldlllOlda_-aRI.c:onuaoq>b"'_"~_"'''''''''''' "",,~. PLoSONE./O(S). I - I3. hllpl·lldooo"' 10_ 1371"""""'p~ .... tac.IdI .. a.......II.~Jowrta/'" hprodw_ H.aI'~.Jo!I()). 141_ 1 S3 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ~,,"'''. J M . 1'. ...... ' Till " ~ ....... II II • .1II1J, A4oIcoc. .... ",,..,.... . . ""aid> ~_"""". n.ff«,,,,,"""""""D . c hc3llh choocnA q.uaI,,",,""""". Iloo W• ., G"'IIa 0."'0<1 ,ft Non/o;m rrJ'on. Gbaooa H),f{ ' I" ":""~h""tll/uN,~-'H"- 1II".... /II(I I, ' - iZ ""pt lldo' ...... ,O II IW. '!"I~..(I IJ.lI IH •• L'Eo . ... .: L. H. . _ . L . .tCh. . .q-,. OUOII), ,,,,,. ..~ EC'J- C"'Icaccf"""""" .... !JC""Y """"""'p,,"'_ .. "'''''''''.f'l'c .. ''·.conl>¥q1l! •• III·,...,t .(f __I y I'-.._It._ __ Hn.I" {"_. J1tl ~ ,*"",J' ......1 1ob ...... , O II .lftljfplk ·20I' «I71 Ulth. .... S . SOOOn;. W . F. ... A . Roch.«. M L • .:. ... ·OI ... N . ""'pt.f . O • .-.. toIf (20I') . -A~· .... _ooIiihJo_"<_ b..an:IIC".". (WH"R("J~ ."C.",.",.",,-..r_"-a'f. . _AJW.. ...... '" G'-"~.so..," ~Ju. ....I "'h~ll ... Hn>lIIr I~Rnw A~. ~S .. Atod"' • . A-M . .tIdd"..,. OA. (lOI9'ht .... .....,~, ...... p<~ IIId_Dfc. ... '¥n.c.1DIooI cUIIc.p:·-"""JOfIII~ "'C;~....J(l6.u,. ....... /j l . §.W)-Sl2 hIIps.lldoi.oIJ/IOIOI~ ,iilo· 20IS .o2 .006 No.aoi ....) .... A. • Lo".II.S_ N. ._ to..S . .t5cWcr. 'JUOl9)'-"'I~ --.._._ ..... Upo.~19H-2016 A~pca>4. ___ """"'.t.. ... ..ty. I'I<>IOw. I.(7'.e0219963hllplJ. ..... oos/ IOL1J I"........ .po.eOl'9Q61 N. ....... I'op1oI ...... C-~, (2000). ""'*-.. ltcpoudllR..,HcaIdoPdoq, NououI ~C_IH_hliq.(~r) University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ""to __ ponwIo. AE . A""",~ • .u. .... A Sq!oooo"", 1\ "A.,EI101'/.'-"· /haJ/Jt-.J Ac"' ... It.-........ III ·. .... ,..I ."HA Hf · II~" ..- 'ufl·'''''".....".'''''~ ..· - f_.,_·",>/R,pn""''''''AJrtIO.1V'.--J«,,,,J\..,'JNr,,.• .-J f·.-h",..,f,,,,,.,,,,,:.,,/I __ -,,,,,,,,,,,,"_fi_.,_""IIILp"-.llKII/II() ' ~..u..5 H lroU) 1'K> ........ _com:~or ..... ItxepCI.·~ ............ f-*-....- 1. 0hII>&&1f· If'-..o ·. H_./$( "Ioapo IllbOfJl IO IIIl6lo11'«lS-ll li"OU I.! Os-*k. O J . 'a.bll..N . aGoDoo..W 1201., [~_.....u ",--,,,,,, " ... J tI .I,...Of$1ID l otOI'ft>~lDIJ IJTOUC_ "'-LB. . a"" .. .....,... . : POIJ, """'''--_Fdlo. ... oI.tan .... Col ..... ~Sion-eyorN.ctoMlc-t.~~c--..C_,_"'SC..., _RtptDdoocti. ...............1 I ~ IheIdt_H._IQ. .... 11l(1).1J9...Z91 ...... 11Ooo ·0IJIIDllDJ/90016il! s.t-.LA . F"""",,.A. Stpi. N . a.a... . Z. S~ 0... 1 .: . kaJinao,. "L.t 8lt~IIa..Z ... (2016,. ImplOl1 .. AdoIotcoM s.....aIIIDd Ropood_. ...b Idro AS)_ __ ~«"'!'H,""h ~ __ nw"'f",.,,,·• . ' ·,JN_'. IO!I-l ' j IMIII"I6oo"'llIO_11471_ .. tI. . .,. T. ..... 'TN.Ma,-a.F.T . ....... I1.01 ...... T . t: ...... App:>ooh.D . II. ........ 1l1. ..... ' • .t Adooop.' B 110111 AMdehol .............. "'ulNnA"--ef_"'''''' --C""",.-.- ... I'opoItH __ lkw~ (K'J>OJ&y-J}(JI ' (1-,.1. r-lO ·tIpI:llfIofdw; '"'I"""""'., 1D
  • Io.cofC''''"-...~ .. '''''''''''F'' ... ~ ... II ~.l~)
  • lUu.-.Ihcri&blIO...-idMIfawfr011*" o.-~*il1bc .......... IO~ond_ldaIby .. ...." '. ...' ondfi. .d . ... _ ..... pon'GlpanU.)'OII oI. ...... .,""'''''''''"'.,>lIO_ •. .,. _ro-dccmi. ....._ · Tbc"" I Ih< .......p oWI ... oI~_~~_ ::::,:nfamihan'Y .., ;Ih""' ....." "'h ....... orod'n_caad. .. IO ..... Ofpart>a.pa>oOI ...y u..'""""'~.of""'lQIdywillbclpIhcO""_ldorGl>&o_IhcCih.&aE4-... S. ....... infonnullti ... llldi",plcmeft ..... poI;eies.,.."""""""pII. ........., llbclp ..p n>.,. .. boallbofailftmal.odoIetCftlltindo:co"'lf} "Tloo:_lOlbuprtljooQ .. _"""'affbylbc ........ poJ 'n"".IIJ01Ot VOII...,noI.h. ... ""Y"""""Y"' ..I U'fII .. p<lGlp&II:lnIbcRlod)'_ l"lK .,.."""""""in-.:n.. "'.q .. "'0.. ...· illbc _ ... V .... _-.al"""' .. ,.f"ooOIuIioa University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh .... '" .......... ,II.., ••, .,'h,..,,""'_< .... r'*"" ... ..... '_ ........................ ,. ...· .., .. """"-. lk. . qoo.,:"""'_"" .. ,II II< ~r>nd .... ,..,.. ..O f It .. ,lIbolkllfO\<>dIi'·. ...... alkrdletuboo!'.-.., ... d,u<""'_ Y,"" conro""'d r.. .... , , ......... bo-.r...:l,. .. "'. ... ....... 1""rKhooI'W'O""fOf""";udd. ..... 'IUI_..,~ofd_"'1I< " ....,"' ....... "'-tMcI __ "'"" .. ~lbt ...... "'1ouall<.~ ........ __. ... ........~ 11oo ... 10....w.' .... d.>nl\ ..· . ... 1bc"' ..... - "1bcEduc:J~ r_,1ICt "'llotGUol.Ht. .t hS."""' ..) _h"'r_ _ ~· .... "'Iu. ... ,~lal_IO ...... a.........,l .......... fEqIo ... Uns_llfull)wod<_ .... conl<. .....d ..) pa\cJl&llOll""'fOmo l'oiu"""'I~, ~c t(l b< OhId)' AH R_." _su.a.... Abd ... .· ato!o. Sic_. . University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh UPTAKE OF CONTRACEPIWl;S A .~IONC'.l ff.MALE AOOLESCEl'-TS 41 , ·24) ..." I ATTENDIN(;SENIORHIGJISCtlOOl.S l.-. ·rAMALEMETROl'()LIS r .. -1c1i.ioto"4>0nd """""""'°' 1-hmoioan..,oraf.,.. q.,.._. y.,..,.,-..aidloo -tn•Clllt.'>'C•u!!bdcnhaland 1'*d "'"°"'""""""'ale Should )'OU cocountcr ddf1 ..l 1' >n Mndo:rsla•h"S ~ ...,.- p ... i.t me lnow. Th>n~ '"" n n Wh111J). ..... ...t1g>ou1ik_, 2Chrirtian11)' 3Trw;l11k>Nllkligiool Wt.odar-1111y•ldl? lllodi,.,.,.. . iB1<1 ...o /Si11er ""'"'"- University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh lf•< O "hlO~l)P" <>fI O)mo! "90lhorsSpcco~ 'A'bdi .. o11. ...., .. . ,. ...1 1~ .... ..,..,.. ~Go>·ommonoomp~·co "90lhorsSpccd~· WlldieilulocV""Pdo}·oubclons' lih¥,ornba lO....Ja l Mampnao 7GW'Dansbmc '90docrSpocof)· University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ~~oom11•Mk1coo1txcpcn<-••"•-.. (lod• 8 8 Wllaldo•""1h1.,&...,..,.,,,. ...~ n1 2IS..l.l,O..,R ..«. l}lln>:d ) llt'lgoceOI ln•-•"P'•-- l~)agn>:d 2AB-.I l 0.'"'8rccd 4S11V111l)01saiirccd ll.'ha1do'""mM:c:oflh1J .... ..,..,.., ...;.,,.,,.. ""' w ,,.. • t>illh t111krui.1~ r• ISUo<>gli>gr=I 2 AJfCcd ! Do-·~ 4StJon&li·O...-d c "'"""_ ........ ·~· .,.a ~' "°'A"l""".1 1,._ 8 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh Ic ::_ r~"=~~=-- ··-:f]] f S(CTIQl'i' C ll<:..."'>lori<-'"""PIJ'"'am<>fl!lf -'> l,..•I). .-..- ~- 6- ..... __,..,. ..? IBJcea.g J .................., 'l90U..,,Spec1f)· .W,llo.e.k,o f'lboMoontnccpttWs' !lle'lhooio- ....i ,· acassi'Olc lFc. .. _.., University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh B - ~;·-·· ~ SECTIONC.Baninsiocomnoopri•cux 1.,:, I.. ~,.. :•..:. ,~_=,, -_-_-, -...· ,_ I ~ I I. :-;;""-""'' El II ~ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh '_~ i.~~~-_: . .. ·-- . _....- ---------·---·--.. - ··--- .... ::~?.====~ :: I -.. _-_-- -_-=:·-z~-~---..-.. __~_.=_ _ University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh C ll .\ "'\ .\EDI C. \TIO."\ sE1n·1cE ~ :=:·- · ~~?~. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh I VITTIN6 SENIOR HI6H/J'ECH. SCHOOL ~ ,.,. ,. . .. ~~: .•. ... _,_, ______ ,_.,..._.-_..· _,... .-..~ . .,... ._ . _... -_- ........ _. - ..,_- .. ..- _...__., ____ .__. ·.-...·...- _-_-- _- ,,., .... ~ .... ----~ ... -·