A DES C 'R I P T ION OFT H E c o A s T s OF North and South-Guinea; AND 0 F Ethiopia Inferior, vulga1l'/y Angola: BEl N G and Accurate Ace 0 U N T of the Weft ern Maritime Countries of A F RIC A. In Six BOO K S. CONTAINING A Geographical, Political, and Natural HIS TOR y of the Kingdoms, Provinces, Common-Wealths, Territories, and Wands belonging to it. Their Product, Inhabitants, Manners, Languages, Trade, Wars, Policy and Religion. With a full Account of all the E U R 0 PEA N Settlements ; their Rife; Progrefs, and Prefent Condi tion; their Comtnerce, and Mcafures for improving the feveral Branches of the Guinea and Angola Trade. Al[o of Trade-Winds, Breezes, Tornadoes, H armatahs, Tides and Currents, &c. And a New Relation of the Province of Guiana, and of the great Rivers ot A mazom and Oronoque in So U T H-A MER I C iI. " 'ith an A P PEN D I X; being a General Account of the Firft Dlcoveries of America, in the fourteenth Century, andfome Obfervations thereon. And a Geographical, Political, and Natural Hiflory of the Antilles-Wands, in the North-Sea of AM E RIC A. lllufhated with a. great Number of ufeful Maps and Cuts, engraven on Copper; veryexaClly drawn upon the Place. By J 0 H N fS ARB 0 T, . AGE N T-G ENE R A L of the Royal Company of Africa, and Wands of America, at Paris. Now fir} Printed frbm his Original Mamtjc1'ipt. M. DCC. XXXII. 113'Z ( 1 ) THE IntroduEtory Di[courfe. T is certain, that to judge weil of of ncar 1400 leagues. Thus it is C,l1 :tl1cr I parts, the whole ought Edl: to be than AJia, which lic.~ eaft of it; and much confider'd. larger than Europe, which is on lhe north; Acco rding to this maxim, and in and much more thin I y peopled than either . order to give a juf1:Ideaof the parts of them. 01 Africa I am to defcrtbe In thiS volume, I As it lies in the 'lorrid ZOIlC, the heat is ex- will prefem the reader with a general view cdTi ve,which isthe reafon it has 10 few inh:tbi- of that quaner of the univerfe, that he may tan ts, :tend fomany mon!\ersand fierce an imals. the better judge of their relation to each o- Authors differ very milch abollt the ther. etymology of its natne : the Greeks ca ll 'd it For this purpofc, 1 Ihall confider the L ybia, OI)'1I1/,ia, Co!ipbca, Ilefperia, Ogy- whole terref1:r ial globe, as divided into three gia, Ammonit,·s, E/biopitl, Cyenc, Crpbe- principa l parts, viz. the old, the new, and Ilia, Eda, and Opbil/fa,' bllt Ihefe were ra - the unknown world. The fira, which is ther names of parts thall of the whole. The our continent, lies in the fuperior hcmi- Lalill! C:J.1l it onl y L)'bi(l and 11{t-i((l. The fphere in refpeCt to liS, ahd comprehends j\1oorJ, A/kebulall; the hdulIlJ; Brz"ca/b; Europe, Ajia, and Africa. The fecand, and the Arabs, Ijiriqllia; [rom which, fhan- which is America, is in the inferior hemi- gers changing the [ into ./1, ca ll it Afloica, fphere. And the third, which comprehend, as do the La/illS, Ita/it!lIs, Spaniards , Frel/rb, the ArEJick and the Anlar&1ick world, is in Dutch, ancl others. 7ofi'/!JIIJ fays, it rece iv'd both the one and the other hemifpherc. the namc from O,brel grandfon of Abraha1l1, Befides thefe main parts of the terrefhial who is named in -j- Gm'iis , llrpbcr; and C/odo- t Ch.1). globe, there are feveral JjlandJ, which are l/IeJw, cited by 117 • • 4F, . "I ~ . \led a ld f\: te we find there was the commonwealth Mauntallla, .£ljnca propel IY a ca . ~"I a I . 'I otent. and part of Lybia. At prefent t lere are In It t le of Ckartbage,~ ;v 11Cd' was ve\~o Pconficl~rab1e kingdoms of Fez and l11.oroccO, on the wef\: ; t.h e h Inrgsd a r ,'V/ t1bm t lab owtehr et haeaforefaid' kin g- and to the ealnl. war d r a f oIe m, c1.tre.lJ,1rerjje:" l/, 1Il tOle ays, u d cr' AI' cr ' nd Barca dams and the commonwealth were fubdu' 1.UIIIS, /L gter,l I"IpO I , a . .' . 'lnu'd rub]' eCt to the The moll: conrlderable nvers 10 Afnca arc, b y t Il e R 01llallS, anc\ COllt I' GmJ"t- Nile, Niger, c\ I Z' fl' I em erors till the fifth century, when the the an t le alrc; 0 II' llC 1 " P k' Cf f tIle v,al1dals pals'd over out twO la(\:, . I f.ha"l l hf ave occafion to fpeJ.k " 111 lICf IISS,p ainlI lb a , . r ~T' .' "I L into Africa and there laId the the delcnptton 0 " Vlgntla, or t le owel - ~oundation of the kin~dom of the VarJdals ; Etbiopia.n . . which continu'd till the year 534, when the I wiJl o~ enter upon the feveral chvllions renown'd general Belifarilis recover'd that of Africa, to the time, of the Romans," and country from Gilimer the fixth and la!1: ktng of Ptolemy, who ltv d at Alexandria 111 of thofe people. Egypt, tI1 the reconc1 century.; for then very In the year 647, the Arabs, caJl'd Aga- Itttle of the mtenor part of It was known, rCllimIJ and Saracens, betng Mabomett1m, as appears by the many fabulous. accounts of cnter'd Africa, from Arabia Felix, in, the it fet for:h by authors ofthofe tllDes, fo ~ull reign of the emperor HOl/ortus, and fiJI d It ofabfurclltles, that they are not worth taktog with their race and feCI:. The 'I'lirks have notIce of. Ptolemy goes no farther than fince made themfelves abfolute maf\:ers of 24 degrees of fouth latitude along the coaf\:, , Eg),pt, and a great partof Barbary is tribu- where he places his PralJillll Pr01ll01Itori!11I1, tary to them. The kings of Spain a!1c\ Por- now caJl'd cape Con-ienfes, in the provInce ' jugal have poffefs'c\ themfelves of feveral of Cbicanga, fouth of Sofala; but fays no- towns along tbe coaf\:, fome of which they thing of it farther fouthward, either on the f\:ill hold. But this relates only to the nor- ea!1: or we!1: fides, being fully perfuaded that them part of Africa, lying along the Medi- the inhabitants beyond that were utterly f.,- terr(mean; the fouthem parts were but lit- vage and inhuman, and therefore call'd tie, or not at all known to the ancients. Let them Antbropopbagi Ethiopes, that is, man- us procced tothedefcrtptlon. eating Ethiopians. About the year '1486, . Two thirds of Africa lying uqder the tor- Bartbololllew Diaz, a Por/ague/e, jailed round rtd zone, the. heats are there very VIolent, the cape of Good-Hope, and by that means and they are Increas'd by the nature of the made us fully acquainted with the utmoi'c country; for molt of the mIddle parts beIng ,extent of Africa. fandy, the refleCl:ion of the fun makes them Several geographers much more modern the more IOrup~ortable. All thofe valt fan- than Ptolemy knew little more of that pHt dy regIons are little whablted, as fearce pro- o.fthe world; and 'Jobll Leo Ajrica11lJs, who duclOg any thIng for the fupport of lIfe, lIVed in the year 1526, notwithf\:anc\ing the nor affordlOg water. Befides, where the rand great care he pretends to have taken, did affords ~ny thIng forhvlOg creatu,res to fub- not fuceeed in his divifion; for he make~ filt or,\ It fwarms WIth multItudes of rave- but four Pal"ts, which are Barbar)l, Numi- nous WIld beaf\:s, as lIOns, leopards, ty~ers, dia or Biledulgerid, L),bia, and Nigrifi(/, panthers, ounces, WIld cats, and prodIgIOUS by the Arabs ca\l'd Be/cd Ala Abid. venomous ferpents, and the waters are full. One of the bei'c modern general d ivifions of cdro"c odIlebs .I T'IT here are alfo camels, dr?o- f A'~F,n c. a, I.S t hat IW lI' ch makes fOllr parts of me a~les,~ u \Oe5, horfes, affes, and ma- It, viz. the countries of the Tf/bifes wherein ny at leI' orts 0 creatures. are comprehended E 'pt, Barbal: NIIlIli- In the more fernIe parts, the cattle are dia or B·t d I 'J n~ Z l Y, I D large and fM; in the barren,- poor and fmall~ forts . Se~~1n ~yn, , t tle couan t~rayt· (/0, f 0t; -let B~O fk .e s-, or 7be /1Jttodutlory Difl:OltrJe. or Ni.~ri/itl, in which a re Guinen , l\'lIvia, ailu trade, (0 lh:lt every man may h.lvc (parc p~rt of the rVejlern Elbiopitl . Thirdly, E/bio- hours to makc his rcmarks, antl writc them pia properly fo cn ll'd, wh ich may be fubdi- down as they OCCllI'; all whic h may be aflcr- vidcd into the Upper and the Lower ; which ward~ tran(crib'tl dutlng lhe paf1:lge (rom la(\: con tains Congo, Monomo/apfl, Cafrrria, ohe continent to the other, for dUll com- and Zanquebar. The fourth part con r,!1:s of monly laf\:s two mortths, and [Olllctim("3 the iOands lying about Africa, in the Red longer I and two or thl'ce hours every d,IY Se(l, the O ccan, and the M edilt"rr(lnean. may be better cmploy'd thnt way, thall in Thus much may [u /fi re concerning A/rica drinking, gnming, or othel' idle tiivcrfiOllq in genera l, it bcing forc ign from the fubjeCt too frequcntly u{ed. in hand to treat any more flilly of it, there It is not alw;lys incapac llY lhat obflmcts being many accounts in fcvera l languagcs thc making of (uch obfervHion', but rathcr extant, which the curious reader may con- a Oothful difpofltion; for thtre arc l11en fult. I proceed to that which makes ri1dre enough of fo riluch [enfc and jlldgl11cllt, a to my purpofe. to be able to givc a rational account of what It wi ll not be im proper, before I enter up- rhey fec and hear, and to diflingllin, bcrwcert on the defcription of that part of Africa com- what is, nno what is not worth their noting rnonly call'd Guinta, to givc rome actount down, e fpeciall y when rhcy h3 vc had 1\ n y of the etymology of that name, and of the liberal cducatlon. Perhaps there arc not fituation, extent and limits of the country, many fU ch, that will cxpdfc themfclvcs to for the better information of ruth as arc un- thc dangers and fatiglles of fuch voyages: acquainted thcrewith; having obferv'c! , that but if they could conccive how grcH a f:lrif- very few writers have taken upon thcm to faCl:ion it is to fee remote and 0 range CO Ull" Il:ate thofe things right, and that not one tries, and to obferve the various clrcCl:s of trave ller I have met with has been careful in natllte in them, their number would cer- there particulars . And it is a great misfor- tainly be much greater, alld they wOlild tunc th;tt among fuch a multitude of men as chcarfu ll y expofe themfelvc9 for the plcafllre have been employ'd in voyages to Guinea, of contemplatirig the glorious effeCts of pro- and refiding there, fince navigation has been vidence, and the reputation of ttanfmitting brought to the prefent perfection, fo few [uch works to pofl~rlty. For my olvn part, have been curiolls to make proper remarks I Iliu(\: own I have often Iamcnted my misfot- and obfervations of what might be found en- tune, of not having bcen brought up tej tertaining and ufeful. learning, which d iGlbles l11e frdnl delivcring Th is defi:"Cl: is fo univerfa l, that I have what I have obfcrv'd in Guillea nnd Alllerica; known many, and among rhem fome who in fo good a method, al1(1 wi th fueh elegancy have had good education, yet after feveral of fty Ie, as might be expeCted; cfpeciall y voyages made to G1Iinea, or reriding there writing in a language which is not natural many years, could [carce g ive any tolerable to me. The on ly fMish,ct ion I have, is, that account of thofe parts, but only in general, my pencil has made fome amends for the and after a very confus'd manner; nor were defeCl:s of my pen and want of lireraturc; they provided with any printed accou nts of which encourag'd me to preiCnt my readcrs chofe countries, to compare their own part i- with fo many cuts as arc conta ined ih this cular obfervations with them. book, all the draughts being taken by me This omiffion, I am of opinion, proceeds upon the fpot. Another inducement Was , from the opinion generally conceiv'd, that that I obferv'd the be(\: accounts we have of Guinea and America are already fo well Guillea, art aU deficient in this parti cu lar of known, t hat it is not worth their trouble to good euts ; for without reOeCl:ing upori any make any farthe r obfervations, than What perfon whatfoever, I mu(\: affi rm that what have been already publifh'd in feverallan- has hitherto been made pvblick of this fort, guages; never confidering, that countries is nothing exaCl:, o r to be depended on: of fuch a vall: extent dai ly alford matter of and for thofe I here ptefent the world, I can· new difcoveries, and that it is impoffible fot rafe ly protell:, they are exaCt and lively repre- thofe who have writ already, tho' evcr fo [entati.ons of the things themfelvcs, as neat capable and indefatigable, to have feen and as my sk ill could reach. found ou t all things. To come nOW'to the fubjeCl: in hand, viz. This being granted, any man may jufl:ly the etymology of the name of Guinea; being conclude there is (\:iH room enough for his a confiderable part of the country of tile remarks, among f0 great a di9crfity of Black; lying along the fea-coaf\:: It is lln- people and nations as are contain'd in Cuch 'a quell:ionabl'y deriv'd from that of Gmehorl, vall: traCl: of land. Befidcs, there is [carce an'other province of Nigri/ia , or the' country any other voyage that will afford a man of the Biack;, lying betwixt t hat ofGuaia/a, more leifure to obferve and write, whether which' is on the north of it, and the river he goes onfy on a trading voyage, or refid~ Senega on the fouth; along the north fide there ; becaufe there is not always a brisk of which river, this prov ince of Geneboa extends Tbe IntroduElory Difcourf d. 4 Nigrilia, Guinea prop~r1yf~ call'd, and extends above eighty leagues up the country the Lower Elbiopia ; but fea-farmg men, who eall:ward , ' .. are not c.ommonly confin'd to methods, give The natives of this country call It Geunl1, arbitrary names to there feveral countries. or Genii, ancient geographers Mantiori, and The Portuguefe,who feem with moll: right the African merchants and Arabs, Ghmeva to claim the firll: difcovery thereof, divide it and Genehoa ; from whICh, the firll: Port~­ only into two parts, the Upperand theLowcr guefe difcoverers corruptly came ~o nam.e :t Guinea; the upper, that which IS on tillS Guillea, or, as they pronounce It, Gume; fide the equator, and the other that beyond which appellation they g;ave to all the coun, it, as far as cape Negro abovemcntion'd. tries they fucceffi vely dlfcovered from the The EngliJh and Dutch differ very much river Senega to that of CamarOlles, which in their defcriptions of Guinea, tho' they lall: is in the (Tul ph of Guinea.' and many agree in the name. The former commonly have fince exte~ded this name of Guinea to make North Guille.1· to begin at the river the country Il:il! fouthward, as far as cape Gambia, and extend it no farther fouthward Lope Gonzalez; and others beyond Renguela, than to cape Palmas, in four degrees of north which is to the fouthwardof Angola, as far latitude: and from the faid cape to that of as cape Negro, in 16 degrees of fouth lati- cape Gonzalez, in one degree of fouth lati-. tude. tude, they reckon all the intermediate fpace Little or nothing ofthefecountries having been known in former ages, modern geogra- South Guinea. The Dutch, by North· Guinea, generally phers have been obliged, in this and ma,ny mean all the country from cape Branco, other particulars, to take up blmdly With near Arguim, to the river of Sierra Leona; whatfoever accounts travellers could give of and from that river to cape Lope they reckon thofe partS; and accordingly, after the ex- Portuguefe, South Guinea, dividing it into feveral feCl:ions ample of the applied the name of Guinea to all the above-mentioned coun- .or parts, as the GreYIl Kuft, the :rand Klif!, tries. Antient geography could not afford the §(yaqua Kuft, the Goude Ku{f, the Sla've them rDuch light in this particular; yet Kujl, the Benin Kuft, and the Biofara Xu/f, Ptolemy, in the fecond century, fays con- being the fame names us'd by the EizgliJh cerning the name of Guinea, that it is a word at the end of whic,h Iall: is cape L ope. Thef~ of the country, and fignifies hot and dry, agam are fubdlvlded . into fmaller parts, to denote the temperature of.the climate, as whl<;h I {hall mentlon 10 the defcription. being in the torrid zone. Tlie fame author 1 he French alfo greatly differ from one places in tbofe countries the people Rerorci, another in this refpeCl:; and moll: of them do Leve iEthiopes, Aphricerones, Derbici, and not reckon the countries lying from the Se- others fucceffively: and in one of his eight nega to Sierra Leona River, nay, even to books of geography, where he treats of Ni- Cabomo/tle beyond it, foutherly, as a por- gritia and Guinea, he places the Sophuca:i tion of what they call Guil1m ; but dill:in- .lEthiopes betwixt Sierra Leona arid Rio gui{h each country in particular by the name Grande; the Anganginte.IEthiopes from Sierra of the 10habltants thereof on the fea-fide or Leona to cape Pa/mas, and the Perorfi far- by that of the places they trade at, 'a; Se- ther inl~nd than the .others. Both Nigritia Il;ga~ Cabove:de, .coerce, Rio FreJco, Porto and Gumea are there mdlfferently laid down d AIt, Ga.mbla Bif!egos, and Sierra L eona ; under the denomination of NigritarumRegio. but reckon the beginning of Guillea propria Hence may be deduced, that the name of f~om Cabomonte, and fa down to Camarolles Guinea has been impofed on thofe countries nver aforefaid, and fome of them as far as .only by Europeans; for the inhabitants of all cape Lope. ' . that traCt of land from the river Smega down Antient and modern geographers are alro to cape Lope, and even as far as cape Negro at van~nce among themfelves on this head; are perfeCt ll:rangers to it, none of the~ for which reafon it is difficult to determine knowing what is meant by the name of Gui- who IS!!1 the, right., It is needlefs to perplex nea, except fame few at the Gold Coaft who the reade~ With their feveral opinions as to h~ve been taught it by the Europem;s refi- the fituatlo~, limits and extent of this part dmg among them. of A(rzca; It fhall fuffi ce to [,1Y, that among This being fuppofed, it is alfo very pro- · ~/~;:rench authors, Robbe and Martineau du bable that thefe vall: countries were after- eJjzs, the moll: modern geographers of that ~ards~ for the fake of method, fubdivided ~a:!On, have of late publiill'd each a large ' Int.o ,dlll:1OCt parts, by ge.ographers, as the p,0 ume of geography, ell:eemed by the gam d farther knowledge of them in proceK rhench the bell: and moll: accurate of all of nme; for the natives know nothinO' of otC erts'' whe rem. t- Il ey pretend to have ca' r- geography, nor fa much as writing as'li 11 prop~r re Ted Sanf oil, Duval, Balldralld and others. be hereafter obferv'd in its 11 a ou~ ~c~~ hefe two feem to me to have the beft The bell: divifion of it, made by method of divifion, of which I {hall fipcak ,d, ern geographers, is, into three parts, VI'Z . 2 anon'' for as to aut 1la rs of very ant.lent d'ate , as The Introductory Difcour/e. tiS Mtlrmol and others, who have writ con- Zall, were fubd ued; where we took the twd cerning Guinea propria, there is no relying cities of PbaztlId, call'd Alelc and Cil- on what they have f,lid as to this point; nor IlIb".' all was ctmquer'd by the victorious ought we to be furpriz'd at the many mi- anns of the J{OlllllnS, for which Corn. Balb/jj lbkes and wrong notions we find in their hc- tl"iumphld. Both cities lay in neal' 28 dc, counts, if we do but confider how little grees of north ]a titudc, nnd 33 of caO: lon- knowledge the world had of that country in gitude, from the firO: meridian ~ccoreling their time. kfarmol, who othenvife is very to Plolemy, betwixt the country of the Ga- commendable for his account of M orocco, ,'alllan/es on the north, and the defart of - 'V'o L. V. . . D lalld~rs. . The Intr!JduBory .Difcourfe. , I r' 10 lallders who built caftles and forts there, on a~ not to be fljrmounted, becaufc it .runs for the'g reater fecurity of t.ne~r traffick. forty leagues out int!? t~e je~ to the we,ftwar<;I, \ If this account be true, It IS ftrange that and the water beats violently on it ; and from no mention is made of it by other Frel1ch its jutting fo far out, which in Sprznijh is hill:oria~s, feveral of whom I have examin'd, call'd Bojar, it was call'd Bojador; b,ut this and particularly de Serres andMezeray. Such .was later. confiderable ungertakings, and fo rich aY;hll Gonzalez ?{lI:CO)ln9 :rrijfall.Vllzwere trade, feemed to deferve a place in hill:ory, fent in ,the year .1418 to make farther difco- efpecially at at ime when long voyages were veries along the Africall coall:; but they look'd upon with a fort of dread, as full of meeting with dreadfQI ll:orms, were acci- hazards, navigation being then in its in- dentally carry'd upon the ifiand, which they fancy. The filence of ~he French hiftorians call'd Puerto Sallto, or Holy Haven, being a in this point, gives us Jull: caufe to furpea: fmall io.and not far to the northward Ii'om the validity of this author's affertions; nor that of Madera, and return'd home with do I find in the hill:ory of Portlfgal, which that account. is fo full of the Portugu,efe dircoyerie~ of Ni- In 14,19, the fame twO being fent back gritia and Guin,ea, the leall: mention of their to the new ifland, with Bartholomew P ere- having heard of any Frmchmen that had jirello, in three fhips, difcover'd the Wand of founded the ca\1:Ie of lvf.i1!a, in 1383; or Madera; fo call'd, becaufe it was all over that fi;ze1l' blfja when he came {o Milia in wooded. Some have pretended that this 1484, and begun the.re hi~ firll: entrench- ifland had been before difcover'd by one me,nt, ever faw or he\lrd of any fU,ch caftle Machalll, an Eflglijhman, but that ftory has built by \he French an hundred Years b,efore. much more of noyd than any refemblance Hence 1 conclude, that it ~o)llq be a of truth. ' \ ' piece of injuitice to attribute the firll: difco- About the year 1434, Giles TilJleZ and veries of this part orAJrica to the French, in Alonfo Gonzalez B~lday failed thirty leagues prejudice of the Portuguife, who certainly b~yond the i'forefa,i4, dre",d,fLtI ~ape Bojador~ tJ:1e firft of all Europeans made thofe difco- and g~ve t~(f pame of Angra de RtfYVoS or ~~ries; which will be further corroborated IJay of G!f.rnar.qf" t.o ' an inlet they. found" by the following 'ace'ounts. ,." wh~r~ 1\'~,S gr(lllt plenty ,of that 19rt of fifh. To p'roce~d the rpore methodi~al)y, in, th~ 'rh~ l}~x,t year .tl)ey p(oceeded twenty~fo)lr account, I mull: firft take n9tice of the prin- leag~es f~ft~j:~ to the mouth, of ,a river, cipal promoter and infhumen~ , e peop e,a c0a, lla'ds Z t '. e mcgllCJ, accOldl11 to i'v[ar- ar eernJI' mentioned by Marmol, and 0- 1inIld0Ii ,f fegli veen tI! t tI. le name 0 r Seli:ga, o:;,r Zallilga t ller aut lors. Tile kmg o f Bo rf ia t 0 refIdes r;' y, and thence It IS likely tile one part of the year a t the villa e f B J. '1'ench a n d P ortl1guefe den v't! that of SCI/e- which I' 011 th(' north pomt ~fIni~ g 0 ar, g'1a11 I Ean d Sweu,a, ' b Y \\ ,1II'c 1l"I t IS now known co the n vcr GambIa; ar other le mouth of , uropcam. towm nigher LIp on the b I eS'f tIhne ffo.,m.e 2 ' ,,11{S 0 me However '-::':' ,: :: " \J \'," '- ,.! 0· ,\ I j9 '"1 I ~ t't1 ~ v ~ ':>.> k, (~ b:J c:; ~ r {~ "1 r ~ l> I ~~" ~~ ~ j ~ ~ ~ S-.k~ :, :I'"~ ~ "- I :; , I ~ ."' I ,,~, '" ,.) ·,,1, ... ""-'.".J (~ /'"' I ~ ( ';- ~; h. r-' 82 t.. ~~ :: ,) "''':; , iP:.: ~ - l.3 ' ~ "'-,) '",- '-' ..) Ct ,,) Q" J 1-<.) r-..-- '.j v '- ~ W v '0 l. -,.J 8 \: 0 -< ~ C) ''-r.' CO l~ k1 'J :<: /' \..J .,..l ~ '-' J CHAP, r. of Nigritiu) or Nor~h-Guinca, 17 110wever, fame PorJlIgllrfo ~lllhors pre- This rapid ity of' thc river, occalion'd by [lAnlJ()" tend this name of Snltga was firCl given to its narrolVncls,and the kn['th oCits COLIrIC alld ~ the river, from that of a mighty 111.111 in the filallownefs, is the 1'(·. liCln 'why it rOlllinll.L1ly 'l1"b", country, with whol11 their nation ftrlltra- carnes down a great qu .lIlliLY of f:,n"'j- fh arp, horny lub11:anee, about two inches rome dwarf-herons, which the Frel/ch call hm." and a half 10hg. Aygrets, being much like the other herons TM/. T eal are pretty common and very deli- in fhape, excepting the bill and legs, which cious, efpeciall y the grey ones of the ri ver are quite black, and all the feat hers of a Senega. tu rious white. DO'lm,&c. Nor is there lefs plenty of turtle-doves, I had one of thefe given me by n Black; which are choice meat, as are the ,"ild pi- who Jhot it in the woods; and from the geons, or ring-doves, which the woods wings and back of it i caus'd to be pick'd fwarm with; as they do with nightin- a [ott of very long, finall, round and hairy gals, much like ours in Europe, but do not feathers, 1 i ot 15 inches long, which (he Ling fo [weetl y. In (ome places there are French call Aygrets, as wel l as the bird, and larks. are highly valu'd among the 'I'urks, and Eagles , Eagles are very numerous ; as are the other ca11:ern nations. Thcfe I have by me "~",kJ,&c.l1:orks; fhorr-wing' drive a conljderable trade of them all,along .. O/theA.IR .orCLIMATE. the coaft of Gllitzea, efpeci;t1ly the Eltglijb, I ';r is in the m~in very unhealthy, efpe- unhealthy Portllf!,ue/e, and I)ulcb; buqhe French very qaUy near the nvers and mar/hy grounds, dima". feldom, as having no fettkments any wl;1ere an\!,in woody places; but moft of all to on the coalt ofSoutb-Guinea,butonly atFi4a .. .w~ite men, particuhrly in July, .1ugufl, and Banaaa. The Banana ~rees are very pl ~ntiful, the -peptember , which is the rainy -feafon ; for fruit whereof is by the Sp.aniardJ call'd A" (rol)1 September to June, tbe heats are almoft dam'J-.1pple; for what reafqn } .kp9W 1i1Qt, int;ole,rable, an<;l produce many fatal diftem- but /hall lay more ?fit her.eafter. " . : . .per~ in the Europeans, who relide here on Indig.. The 'linto is it b,u/h about three fo,.;preffions, anc\ glvmg III langll?-ge.; lu~u, pr.ofi:c, fo gr~at i~ tl;1eir indination to white riou,s bey.on~ eXJil,r~o,~, a,11.d~o Intem,p'~ra,\e, lljl~n; W,11i~h of,en oeca,lions mig\1&)1 qua·rrels that th,ey, drinl) ~~an,d~ a,s 1\ I) w.e~e , VIIa,~e.r ; , Viith t,h~lr hQ~b~nq$. deceijful: in th"ir' d,e~!Ings v.:Jtl;ll tl,t,e I;:f>rOr Pfq/lS, and. no I!;f~ , wj1;l;\ thet,r o,wn n~lg~­ The L .A,N, C U A C, E bours, even [a, fqllillg of on~ anpth~r, {Qt;. 1S ; g~n~r.al)~ that Qf Ztmgay, ufe,ee~ hiptedj bc;fore, Fp,.v c:ry. l~?-'Y" M,qpr~" which they ut.cer in 31 very,. preQipi- t~at ratl).~r, thap, worl~ for their 1,lVIng, th,ey, ta te manl)er ; fhak ing the head" and ftretch.~ w)ll, rqp, and. cO[l1mjt rq\lrders, on dle , higlJ~ i~& Oljt the I)eck, . OF. flwrtning· Qf, it, as they. vi'a Yes, and in the woods and defart~, alld: d,eljv.er their words, molt of whiGh do tet- mor,e lIarticLllarly ,thofe of !Ilray: fa ; that, mjl)utlj , ill .a, be.fi.c;les the w~qt of; convenient , roilds, it, is Jvfqr-mol.lib. 1. cap. 33. fpeakiog of the very, dangerous, tra vell,ing. in , th~t country. la~gl1age . of the Africll111, ta~es , notice: of. sO""J. Thq: nqt afllarq'd o(~hi$ . bafew<\¥ ofli7 three forrs, q\l'd Chilha, TtI1/l(l'iUgt\ , and villg, . whi~h ke.eps them , wretchedly._ poor, ZC/lclir" al1d ufed in; his. time ;, which how- rna(\: p~rt: of, th~ir life, yet are th~y , proud ever, d.enpte aIm oft the · fame;thillg; though: and ambitiou~ Qf, l?raif~, 'Dhere. i~ general" the true Bereberes, or Chilohe~. that is, the Iyamong them.a gre3i~prope,nl!w, toforcery, aniient Africans, difpers'd thro\lghout all: or, divination by)ots, efpeciaIly among their AJric.a, differ from others ,in, thtl pr,onuncia- p~iefts, who exerrife that deceitful art upon tion', a.nd figni(i,ation of many words. , Thofo· Irtakes 01' ferR~\\ts~ p\'etending to. have a who are near neighbours to the Arabs, in- p<1w,er to O1al~~ ·, tho fe, horriq c.reatures , fly habiting a great pare of Afrim ;e ver fince before them, or obey their commands, as the year of our Lord 653, and who haveT/"few_ they pleafe, Walla-Silla, a former king of moft converfation with them, intermix abun- ral /"n- J!Ia/a, W;lS reckonyd the gre'l-t~ft foreerer , d~:nce, of words of the language Abima.lic, t""ges. and poifqner ill , the cO.llntry ·; , il}fOl;I1.llch, . the mo~ 119.b)e.dialeCt ufed among,the Arabs, . tlpt upon fomy extrao.rpin~~y, OGCfl(ions, . with , their. natural African tongue; as the ' they teIl us, he, could, by tlw· power, of 4r,abs, .on, theother hal1d, make ufe of abun- his magick, br,ing all his for~~s toge~her J d~f.l"e of:African words. 'Ilhe, GOlneres :and! in a moment, though ever foJ~r,difper~'d : li.oqrrs, who live· a(nong' th.~ :m~U1.'lfains , of, and fcatter'd. tl,e, little. ,Atltls, and all the,: il1habitants ofr Cunning ThE' Taray Blacks above-mention'd, are thg tOWllS on the· coaft . of.Biirbar.~I, .lying ; thil'lm, fa dexterous and expert at ftealin cr , that between the great Atlll! and the fea, fpeak . they will rob an European before hi$ f~ce, afort of corrupt Arabick; but in Morocco, w.ithout being perceiv'd· by ; him, drawing an~ all . the provinces of th'!.t ! empi~e" as> wpa~ they fix their mind upon, away with . li.l~ew ikamong the NlI1/Iid~ans ,and GeJII/iallS, one foot, and taking it up behind . In fllOrt; lying to the eaft-war,d, they u(e ,the 'pure the ancient Lacedemonians might have learnt African language, caIl'd Chilb'a, and ' 'l"a - of ·them the .art ,of 'pilfering and {tealing, mazegt ; which names fire veFy,amient. The ~onfidenng how,expert thefe people are,ac oth,er ,mpre eaftern Africal1s ~ ,ca"Ii'd &rtberffi' . It. 'Nor are they ~efs perfidious tQ.the,Blacks to, b9Jidering . on the .kingd.0tA o(,T,mis, aod' o~tlie inland ,co~l~t,ries, who com.e .,d9~~ fi'991, ,'I;r.i;Bij. A ,,B/ll'bqt:iii,,t Q', t1!.l;, ~~(ijrts ,of> B.fil1ca, of N-igriria" or North~Guihea. BatY!f1 ~tl'erall¥ (peak a corrl1pt, or lirokcl1 mtlch obfitudi"g the motion of the legsj ,I?ARno:t'. A,·ttbick ; a'S do' chofe who inlnbit tlie c()un~ be~f11!11o of the \videnCfs and ' the thicknef$ ~ tries from the great AI/as to the ocean\ wlll:-- ef the cloth It is made 6£. This fort or ther they llR'VU fetded dWellings or not, and breeches is moft ufed in the wint'er, for ih moll: of the AztIages, though their princi- the fummer they wear only a fingle !hire pal , lllnguagc bo the Zmclim. Thus. we of old Jinen; With a little cap innde of lea- fee- thero are few' in A/rim who fpeak the ther, or ozier, {height at the head, but natural pure Arabick; yer:: in their :lUthen - wide above like a l:trge frier's hood. tick writings thcy all make ufe of the lan- The common fort of both fexes gene- Tilt come guage Abimalic, and for the moO: part rally wear nothing but :t Ihort cotton :lout, m,n fort. thcy write ane\. read it all over Barbary, or fome linch rags, to cover t1icir naked- Nrlmidia ar1d Ltbia. nefs. Others have only a leather girdle, to Thofe [\"0 languages are mixt among which is made faft :t fmall narroW clout the-Blacks. 1 far the provinces which lie near found the body, with an end hanging Out the' S,-l1egtltS, and other i'.1.ahomett111 ./frab!, behind. Others again join feveral cloths havea:bundance of. I1rabick aNc! AJriCl1l1wo rds. or clouts, two or three fathom in lengthj In Goloffe, the country I amnow 'de(criblng; which they wrap about their {holiiders, GmebM, or Gel/eotta, of which I {hall give and under the arms, and leave the two a flrort account in the fUJilplemenr ; ' '['ombllt, cnds hanging befo're and behind down to M eli, Gago and Gallaj(, they uk the 21m· their heels, like a long· cloak, which they gay lang'.l3ge; in Gllbercano, fr three hundred round r;mtof I t is the cufl:OIl1 of the B!acks not to lie com bets or cottages, built :tlmofl: in a heap ·"ftn'1. with a woman, from the time n1e appears or clufl:cr, leaving only liltie narrow pillT.lge~ ~;;;;/ tIr to be quick with child, till Ihe is cleliver'cl or \vays berwix t them, with fome I'L1I1tane- and the child wean'd, believing it wotlld be trees to each manfion ; (0 that it is very the death of the inEmt; and this I fUl'po(e to rroublcfome IV.lIking through thofe na rrow to be the more regula rly praaifed, becaufe crooked alleys in the rainy feafon, the wa- of the number of wives and concubines they ter running down from the tops of the have of their own; bdicles their claily run- houfes on the people, as thdY pafs along .. ningafl:ray among thofe of thei r neighbours; Rio Frcfco or Rllfifco is fuch a town, open notwith(l. and ing the grea t danger they run dn all fides, looking at a difl:ance like a in fo doing: fueh is their natural inclination camp, as appea rs in the ctlt. to venery! In rhe country of the Paules, where there Villa~,i Na,.i.g Df • The only ceremony they obferve in ~i ­ arc abundance of lions and tygers, the vil- meld/,d. ' · inches above the refl: t~ar rhe fldh ill a miftrable manner. .;: . ,_. of the floor, There . the}" fpread Hne maw, !hee t ~o The bows are' made of a ellle 0' .e.t(;l,1i''''', and fom'e ;i Tie' on' at night, with· our an)! dther piHaw O'r bduH'l:er for the it refeI'nb~ing the banibocs of the EaJI.lndies; . heaci'g, btft th€it own arm; or a (ma:rI piece and the f'liring of the bow is alfo anothe~ fore of wob'd or ftone l !ldr any bl'ankets weo- df reed, very cutiouny cut and fitted:1i'b· tha,t Vel' them', Thtl's r~ad that Jacob took dCe. Thefe people are fo dexttous ar, their We his rel1 at night, When he Was tra veiling bows and arrows; that they will. hit a l:n ark,. t(1 Padan Aran, GmeJb c. 28, no larger rhan a cJ'own-piece, at tifuy y :1rds 'V. 11, dHtance. The quiver is made to hold fifty ith. a thinocoppet plate.. Another weapon thers. thde, one part addiCt themfelves IS a very ~arp-polllted fpear, between thesp,gr,. Thtmen. to military employments, and follow the fize Elf a pike arid a pertuif.'!n, which they wars, which is the molt honourable profef- handle very dex trourt y. In war they catry Gon; others to hufbandry,. the next in e- a l ar~e round bucld"r or target, made ofTMg,t• . frcem; others are blackfmiths; others pot- the £kIA of a beaft they call a Dania, like a tel's; oth~rs build'ers, weavers, &c. near little cow, . being exn'aordinary hard. Others the fea many artl Illhcrmen; fome take to are made of ox-hides., Belides all this, ther . (pinnirig, and others to drelling of leather. Garry an AjJagma or Javelin, and two fmalf Many are bred to look afrer cattle and hor- dar.ts, .which they call Syllcheria; each OfDMtJ. fes; fon'e to follow the bUtlne[s of bro- which IS faftened to a 10nO' l1rillo or cord by kers about the coulltry, for the benefit of the middle of the flaff, \~hich ferves to re" trade; others are Ihoemakers, [addlers, or cover and bring them back, when they have Gr~ri-Illakers, thau is, conjurers to itnpofc upon the fllperltltious multitude.To all thefe darted at any perfon or thing, at which they are extraordinary aCtive and dextrous. profeffions the fathers bring up their fons ; and the mothers t~ach their daughters from The AjJagaia or javelin, is a fort of)ong AJrag:J.ia'" thei r tender ' years, to' [pin cotton and to and heavy darr, the head whereof is arm'd weave cloths of it, or elfe mats of 'ftraw or WIth fOllr large points, and feveral hooks rulhes. When there girls are grown up, they fo that the wounds it makes mu[\: be defpe: mull: help their . mothers in their houlhold mte. They can' dart them and hitata great ''a fTam;, viz. to clean the corn or millet to dlftance, and very feldom go abroad with- pound rice, to bake bread, to fetcb w'ater out one in their hand. from the brooks, fprings or rivers, to drefs B~fides ~ll thefe, fome of thein wear a GTtnt their me~ t, ~nd particularly to keep a fire Moor!fo knife, a bout half a yard long, and knif~· --- all the mght III the com bets, where the fa- two. lIlches broad in the blade; all which - mily lies all together in a round with their weaponsare fo ordered about them in war, fee t ftr etch'd on t to the fire, 'which the that their arms and hands are at liberty ~o reckon extraol'd lOarl wholerome, pretenl hand le them ~ffca lla lly and fight refolute!y. mg, that the heat 0 the fire draws Ollt all Their, armies are cOll1pos'd of horfe and H07ft and foo the mOI[ture they gather during the whole foot. 1 he troopers generally have all the ,. day, becaufe fo r the mel1 part they go bare- aforefard weapons; t he foo t, a bow and foot. None but themfelves are able to en- qUiver, a javelin, and an European cutlace. dure the clofe confinement to fu ch a narrow T hey commonl r buy horfes of the Moors of iJlace, With fuch an intolerable heat and Genehoa thel~ .nelghbours, which tho' fmall HOT tmoke. as comes from the fire, which keeps are ,exrraordmary mettJefomc, like thofe or [;'- - them III a contmLJal (weat; bllt ufe is a fe- ~al bar)' . .. Some of rhein lOft ten or twelve cond n,a ture. a~es a-piece, or about an hundred pounds felling. One Catberiilt' ofRzjiJco, of whom 'I7Jcil' WEAPoNs. a11d ARMIES, HORSES !hall ~leak hcreafrer, had a horre when I. . and FURNITURE. Xwas there, wilich n)(~ va}lI'd at founeen naves, . d THE afterwards prefented him to the king of Y have the art of making feveral a,),or. . " ' r forts of weapons, eaeh nation havinO' lOme peculiar to itfelf. b They ride thei r horfes wonderful fwift. I . . 0tGe P01fon'J 2w rhe old Conde, vice roy of /(a),OI', Rrd,ng. The Jatofes tlfe bows and poifon'd arro\vs t:rrQWJ . made o~ a reed" the wOllnds whereof ar~ ~~~~ hev~ty years of age, riding a little Bar- mortal, If not f~er d uumediarely with ued- £1 ) or e on the (trand, near the cap:, as , fl: as polfdily his legs cOli ld carry him , darting C~:AP; 3. of Nigritia, or Nonh-Guinea. oarting his AJ!IIJ.llia a good way blfore him, dans, and thcll handle the t1JJagaia'! or BA RDOT . amI catching it "gain with the hlll1C hand, fpea ls, and rhus fighting wilhout nny order; ~ or if it happenedlto fall to the ground, he aud the combatanls being almo(\: all over " 'vuld rake it up dexnouDy, without loring naked, there enfucs a mighty Daughter on hi!. !lirrops, OF abllting of his fpecd. I have both fides; for they are generally of an UIl- bce~ro ld of fome troopers, who ca n ride daunted courage, and abhCl.r cowardife, which full fpe~d, O:ancling upl'ight on the Jilcldlc; Is infalllo~s aillong them. But that which Prlfo.mof and turn about, or fit down and (brio up chlcfly al1Imates them , IS the dread they have "'nr """I, ;tgain, or leap down frol11 the rIddle, only of being made Oa ves, that being the fate of}lav". keeping one hand upon It, and moullt again nil priloncrs of war; fi'om which the belt in the fanie manner. Others on a JililliJecd men arc not exemptcd, when it fa lls to their 'will. take up from the g round, a fl1lall ftone lot to be taken. Another elicouragement thrown ,at thcm in their career, with many they have, is, the confidence thcy place in bther furpriz ing feats of aCtivity. their Cl'igri or chal'llls, which, as 1 D,all ob- If we may, bel ieve the Blnck!; they en~ ferve herearter, they firmly believe will pre- chant, or bewitch their hOl{es, jun: at the ferve them from all manner of evils, and tillle of engaging, to render thcm the bolder gain them all forts of advantagcs ; cfpec ially and fwifter. Ill , their engagements with the other Black llriJltJnnJ Their. bridles . ai'e c011111ionly fent, from nations·; for as to the aCtions they arc con- {pRn. Europe; but fome of them are df their own cern' din agoinO:Eflrope,I/I!, Ivho tlfe l11ufquets, m1lking; much li ke t he El!glij/.r bits. The and not arrol\lS; they are fully convinced fpu rs are ",rought Out of the [;lme piece of that no Crigri can divert the effect of Olll' fire- iron as tho O:irrop, fot they ride barefooted arn:s, which they ca ll Pouff: themfelves; and never a lOe theil' horfes. , 1che kingsofJuaiaand of Baooihave beenju.h •• .1 S.lJ4i". They arc good artil1:sat making of faddles; long at wa r among themfclves, about the li- Blool prevent ~he birds m~kjng wafte that purpofe. They afterwards !tirch together of Nigritia, or North-Guinea. together fix, feven, or eight of thofe narrow DATU)()'!'. nips to make a cloth or Pallbo, as they have . '.tbe FISHERMEN' ~ learned to call it from thePortugtlefc. ARE indilferent numerous :it R,rjjco or WOrntlt , The women and their daughters elrefs the (pi" fATui Rio Frefco, and other places along the 'co;ton, then fpin and elye it in indigo, for -'; '. coalt, and the Set/ega river. Thofc who ply Th,;, . th<:.\.,O:riped cloths. This colour is'extratl:eel filhlOg 111 the fea, go Ollt fometimcs three . .." . from the juicy leaves of a buIh they call hands in an AlfIladie or canoe, carrying two '.tillto, fomewhat refembling wall-rue. They fmall mafrs, with each of them two little gather thefe leaves early in the morning, be- fails, and fomctimes three, in imitation of fore the dew of the night falls oR', and then great fhips, with main-fails, top-fails, and bruife or pound them in large deep wooden top-galla nt-r;~il s . 1n thefe canoes they will mortars. 'When fuffi ciently beaten, they !aunch three, four, and five leagues co f~a , make rolls or balls of the mars fo bruifed to- if the weather be not very boif1:crous. gether, as big as their 11f1:s, and expofe them Thoy generally fet Ollt in the morning to the fun for fome days to dry. Then they with the land-b\'eeze, and having done thm pound it again, and put it into a pot, which filh ery, return at noon with the fea-breeze: has a hole in the bottom, and is fill'c! up or if the wind fails them, and it proves very H,,,, tin! with a quantity of aOles made of the wood calm, they row for it, with a fort of Ihort, " ... of the fa me tree, and this fet within another pointed, flat Ihovels, one on each fide; and pot. Then for fome time they pour clear that fo fwiftly, that the bef1: pinnace, tho' fpring water over the aClles, which by de- ever to well mann'd, will find it a hard grees penetrates quite through into the under task to overtake them. pot; and this being repeated , as often as is Thefe AI1nadies or canoes are generally Almadi« .thought requifite, they fet the under pot for about thirty foot long, and eighteen or '''"nm, ten days in the fUn, which thickens the liquor twenty inches broad, all of one entire piece, in it, like cream, the top whereof they take being the hollow'd trunk of a large foft tree, oR' gently, and with it dye as with indigo. and will carry ten or twelve men, but are The grofs matter that remains in the pot, very fubjetl: to overfet when the water is they throwaway. rough, or they crcud too much fail; which A n,th", Some fay, they make another blue offor- is no great trouble to them, for the Blacks fort . rel'roots, boiled with the white fap of the are fuch expert and able fwimmers, that they '.tinto tree. foon fet them upright again, tho' out at fea ; It is to be obferv'd, that, tho' all the then lade out the water, and Clipping in nim- cloths barter'd in this part of Nigrilia or the bly, perform their little voyage. country of the Bla{ks, are by mof1: Etlropeam I Ihall have occafion in the fequel of this call'd Cabo Verde cloths, that is an improper defcription of Guinea, and the Lower Etbi- denomination, they being wove in feveral opia, to give a farther account ofthefe canoes places, all abou t the country, from Cabo u[ed by the Blacks whether great or fmall, Verde to Gambia ri ver, and fold at different and the manner of making them all of one and di11:ant markets. piece of timber; and therefore a t prefent will only add fome few remarks, concerning this '.tbe POTTERS fort of verrels, and Ihew that they have been U'mjilJ pRepare their clay much after the fame an invention ofa very antient date, and com- mad,of manner as ours do; but their clay is mon to almoll: all nations of the known , lay. much better, as are their moulds, or elfe they world, who being under a neceffit y of cro[- bake, or burn it longer in their kilns or ling over rivers or lakes, before the building ovens: for their pots will boil filh or llelh either of fhips or boats was found out, firft much quicker than any of ours upon an equal bound together reeds or canes, by which they fire, and are not fo apt to break or crack. made a fhift to waft. themfelves over. O thers. Antiqlli'J They make no other utenfils of their clay made rafts or floats of wood, and others de- o[enn",. bl'lt pots, pipk ins, jars, of feveral fizes, and vifed the boat, made of one entire tree, and tobacco-pipe heads or bowls. call'd a canoe, which was ufed by the Gauls The pots ferve them inf1:ead of kettles to upon the river Rho/ne, when they allilte? boil filh or flelh, and to keep their palm- Hannibal in palling. over 1m army upon hIS wine and oil; and the jars to keep their expedition into Italy, as Livy obfervcs. Po- drinking water: for they make no difhes or lydor Virgil amgns the invention of canoes to platters of earthen-ware; but only large the Germani; inhabiting about the Danube: wooden bowls to walh their bands in, or and this. [ort of hollow trees St. Ijidore calls cleanfe themfelves. The tobacco-pipe heads Carabes. , they make of that clay, are pretty big; in· 'rhe Britons had boats made of willow- BMt"! to which they f1:ick a longer, or a fhorter twigs, and covered on the outfide with bul- ' wigJanl wooden pipe, as everyone fancies, and fo locks hides, as had alfo·the Venettans. The hit!". fm oke their tobacco. G,rmans had the fame, and in St. lJidore's VOL. V. M dap 4 A Defcription of the CoaJl.r Boo¥. ~; 2 'ts faltnefs; but afterwa,rds dig. up and 'ex- B days committed many rho bb1e: rdie' s in f.t h de r n. J pofe them to the fun for r: A RBO T . lome time, to d rn "'Y'-I Moft certain it is, that ten tans 0 mc- I h . h' h ts which are rt'ca had no communication with any ?f thefe and thus ay t em up m t elr u , . ft h t all the day like froves: and thus they daJ~ ., nations, and yet from ForbiJher's ~elg ts 0 eat and fell them to the inland Black!, w}.6 . the {heights of Magellan, fays Sir "':'alter come down to buy them, to fupply the c:,C,i- _.' Ra/ei.I"T h, in his difcourfe of thhe mv. entlIo n of try-markets . . I have feen w h I0 e ca bbm' -s, or Ihipping, p. 6. thofe boats, t at IS, t le ca- cottao-es full of thefe dry pilchards at Ru- noes, are found, and in fome par.ts of fuch a " jifco; "and the fandy downs before. it next the ' "Iength,thathe has feen fomecarrymg 20 oa:s fea fo ftored, that there was an Intolerable on a fide; which I have feen alfo myfel~ III Guiana, aboutCayenne, and are by the Indt~ns french about the place. Piraguas. there call'd Piraguas : and no fewer are dally They rip open the large filh, much as we feen along th.e gold an~ the nave coafts ~f do our cod, and fo cover it with the faIt Guinea, as Will appear In the progrefs of this fand, to prevent its corrupting.; for the ~e~t work. All nations, how remote .roever, is there fo violent and fcorchlng, that It IS being rational creatures, and havmg the impoffible to keep any fi1h whatfoever fweet, fame ftrength of imagination, have inven:ed above five or fix hours. the fame ~hings for neceLrary ufe, accordIng The BLACKSMITHS to the means and materials nature furnilhes them with; and it is likely that all the na- HAVE no particul<}r hou[e or filop to fetFDrt" tions of Africa had the fame notions as thofe " up their forge, but work any where in other parts of the univerfe to prompt under fome large green tree, two or three them to find out the making of the canoes of them together, with each of them a pipe they ufe; of which more hereafter. of tobacco in his mouth, and commonly ei- Several They filh for t~e moft part with ~ooks ther ftand "on the fide of the forge, or fit ...y sof and lines or elfe with a fort of harpmg-Irons, prating by it, fo that very little work is done fifoing. and fom~ with nets of their own contriving; in a day. The forgeis but indifferent for con- which as well as the lines, are made of the trivance; the b,lIows ingenious enough, ei- Bell ...., . hairy bark of a tree, fpun into thread. Some ther between two boards, or fome only of alfo filh in the night, holding in one hand a !kins, which they prefs with their hands, long burning piece of a combuftible fort of like a blown bladder. The anvil is fmall, Anvil. wood, which gives a good light, and in the and fo oddly fet on the ground, that at every other a harping-iron, with which they ftrike five or fix {hokes of the hammer, it finks, " the filh, as they naturally come fwimming and they muft raife it again, which takes up about the light, upon the furface of the wa- the beft part of their time. They ure bu t ter. Others there are, who Ihoot at the filh, onefortofhammer, and have the art of ma- with arrows, and feldom or never mifs. king charcoal, of which they burn very lit- The fea hereabout abounding very much tle at a time in the forge. in feveral fOlts of filh, both large and fmall, " They have no grindftones, proper! y fo ND grinJ. ami particularly an immenfe quantity oflittle call'd, to turn with a whed or otherwife ;fl.ne. ones like pilchards, it is rare that they ever but whet or Iharpen their tools on fuch large f.1i l of taking as much as they care for. If frones as they find about, or with little ones, they happen to fpy any very great fifh, much as is ufed by the mowers in EI/glfind to which does not ufe to bite at the bait, they their fcythes. The iron bars they have from ~:;!.ing. are fo dexterous at the harping-iron, as very the factories, and can make knives, fhaokles fddom to fail of ftriking it, and then tow it for naves, gold and filver bracelets, and o- alhore with a line made faft to the ftern of thers ofbrafs and iron; knife-hafts, hilts for of the canoe. their cutlaces, cafes for their Grigri's or Stinking • It is very unaccountable that thefe people, charms, and Iheaths and fcabbards. Their fiJhati. having fuch plenty of fey-eral forts of large horfes being; never Ihod, there are no farriers. mired. filh, will not drefs it whilft frelh and fweet ; but let it lie buried in the fand, along the The SADLERS Ihore ; efpecially the pilchards, as I fuppofe, WORK indifferent neatly, and make fad- to give it a better r~lilh, or elfe that it may dIes of all fizes, fcabbards, bridles, keep t~e longer. In Ihort, whether this be fandals, lhie1ds, Grigri's, quivers, and other any particular fancy of theirs, or that the fmall things for their ufe. continual violent heat immediately corrupts Thofe who look after the cattle, drive 'em it, this is certain, that they eat none but in the morning to the pafture grounds, where wha.t il:inks, and.account it the greater dainty. they wander till towards night, when they To ~nftance fomewhat more particularly as drive 'em back to their enclofures of reeds to pilchards, they only let them lie fome or thorns, to fecure them from the ravenous days buried in the wet briny fand along the wild beafts; as is the ancient practice of both filore, and perhaps it may be on account of eaftern and weftern Arabs. Of <": rAP4.. of Nigritia, or North-Guloed. Smiga cdmpany; and enjoys it to the cxciu- BAUTt,?'T'. Of TRADE ill gClleral, hon, not only of any other Etlropeall na-~ THIS is theemploymentoffomeofthofe tion, but of all the other fubj etl:s of Frallce, . who dwell near the fea, and trade with as their charter docs cxprefs; and by the t~e fatl:ories, and generally they are the tr~aty the [aid company has made with the St.Jon ft. Ch"Jefl: among the Blackr. The proper fea- kmgs of the country; for which privilege it trAJing. fon is from Ot70ber till May; for the reft of is liable to certain cufl:oms, duties, and fees the year they mufl: lie ftill at home, becaufc to thofe black princes and their officers, as of the continual rains and foul weather, it Ihall be farther Ihown hereafter. being then impracticable to travel either by This Smega company has there two prine i- Thtir forti; land or fca , without very great hardIhip ana pal places of fome ftren~th to [ccure its com- danger. merce and fervants, bClng the reficlenccs of Inia/lJ Bcfides the trade with the Ellropetms along their chief agents, the one in the inand of t14J<. the coafl:, they have fome traffick up the in- S," Lewir, nca r the mouth of the faid river; land, and proper fettled markets, but very the other at Gotr'!!e before mention'd. Thefe inconfiderable, except only that of Camina; are the general fl:orehoufes br magazines for for the moft they ca rry to them is a little the goods they carry to trade with the Blacks, conon, callico, cloth of their own weaving, and thofe they purchafe of them in exchange l corn, beans, gourds, palm-wine, little fpades but that of Senega is the chiefefl:. or Ihovels, and fome pieces of iron half a They have allo feveral fmall fatl:ori es a- FAn"i". foot long, cut off the bars. However, at long thecoafl:, as at Rllfi/co, Camina, Jlla/a; fome times there are things of greater value, Gamboa, &c. which the p"eneh call Colllploin as gold rings and ea.r-rings, which they call or Logo; all of them fupply'd from the a- Dougarel, but the whole not worth thirty forel.'l id two of Senega and Gocrte. Their pounds fl:erling. trade alohg the river SCI/ega is manag'd by ]JartlY, They barter or exchange one commodity Ooops they fend up that river at certain pro- ",hat for another, as not having the ufe of coin or per feafons of the year, as I fhall fhew at '(J04J. money. Thus for iron bars, bugles, little large in another place. glafs baubles, and other things bought at the French fatl:ories, they purchafe elephants 'I'he CUSTOM S, teeth, dry or green bullocks hides, calves, goats, and deer-Ikins, bees-wax, civet, am- WHICH the Smega comjJahy pays to bergris, fait, gold-duft, ·ofl:rich and herons . the black kings, and fees to their feathers, tobacco, gum arabick, cloths, officers, are of two forts, inward and out- millet, cattle, provifions, &c. ward. The inward duties at Senega river MArhts. The market of Camina, as has been faid, amount to 10 per celli . of goods ih fcafon or is pretty confiderable at fome times for dry otit offeafon, as they call them. Thofe for Many"J/' and green hides, the country cloths, and all exportation are reckoned thus, one bar of lit; An. forts of fuch provifions as thofe parts afford; iron for a nave, a hundred hides in the thou-fit; 10 Sll~ but the beft green hides and Oaves are to be fand, befides fome petty fees to the Alea.ides, latic. had at Rufifco and Porto d' Ali, and in greater Gera/or , captains of wood and water, which plenty. At Jamefil and Geroep markets amount to 3 per emf. and are troublefome there are country cloths, tobacco, naves, enough to difcharge, being paid at feveral horfes, camels, and other forts of cattle. times and places, and in fundry forts of The market of Jamejil is kept every other goods, which would be too tedious particu- fourth day, which they call Gal/lbayar, and larly to mention here; but as an inftance, there is the Mia-garanda or collettor of the at Boubolleourl, befides the great duty to the . king of Baool, who receives his cuftoms and king, they pay to Cameiiltgue the viceroy of other duties. the Foules, the cufl:om wh ich is caIl'd 'I'he cml, and The people about Cabo Verde trade moft gift of the Gerafos; another Le bon jour de hid". in cattle they fetch from a great way up the Sillatic, or good morroW to Sit/alic ; ano- inland, buying them there in the markets, and ther Le bOll jOllr de Camelingue; another a- then fattening in their own pafture grounds; gain. La eoulume de P armier, or the king's but moft ohhe bullocks hides come from wife's cuftom; as alfo Le bon jotlr de Par- the inland, where they kill oxen only for mier; and lafl:ly L' adieu de Sillatic. the hides, which they dry, and carry them It is to be obferv'd that when the French to the French fatl:ories, at Senega, Goeree and pay thefe cufl:oms, they receive f,:om the Camina; and to the Englijh at Gambia. viceroy, the kiilg's wife, the Jagarafe , and Camelillgue's wife, from each one bullock. Of the FRENCH TRADE in partictllar. In 1677, the company Was oblig'd, be-;T. king Th. Sene- THE French company has at prefent the fides the great cuftoms to king Damel, to D,,,, , ran away. " , .' of Nigritia, or North-Guinea. 47 Mo,·" ..h , It may not be amifs here to obrerve, that At the villages or Bo u lerl, or Bozor, antlllAR BOT" • . 1"·1. d. tb~ Latins, call'd .the people of Barbary Cay, near the faao ry, lhey have n :lves.~ k[allros,.111 allllkclihood, from their tawny eleplunts; and fea-horlcs teeth; gold-dull ; cv1l:>plcxLOn, from whom the other Ellro- dry hides; anti ,the country c1olhs ; in ex- pe(1I/s h~ ve taken and continued the nfe of change for brandy, iron bars, cudac~ ; this name, they being all a dark-colour'd bugle; and S(/Ialas, or brafs bafons of [c · people. The Arabs I now fpeak of, and veral fizes. all the rert I Ihall fpeak of hereafter, being no lefs tawny than the people of Bllrbary, S L A V E S. but rather exceeding them; therefore the THO S E fold by ' the Blacks arc for the II,,,, ,/",' Frtl1cb in thole parts call them, Arab fi!loon: moO: part prifoners of w.lr, taken eilher mn ke which is confounding the ancient African in fight, or purfuit, or in lhe incurfionsfla1lll- B.:rtberes, who live among the Arabs of they make into their enemies territories ; Lybia and Genebon, with thofe filme Arabs. others l1:olen away by their own counlry- I !hall in another place fpeak of the com- men; and fome there arc, who will fdl merce and correfp ondence between the peo- their own children, kindred, or neig hbours. ple of M orocco and thofe of 'Tomblll and TIllS has bee n often, feen, and to compafs it , Genehon. they de fire the Perfon they inlend to kll, to help them in carrying fomething to the f,lc- MAR K E T S nnd COM MOD I TIE S tory by way of trade, and when there, lhe Exc HAN O'D. A perfon fo deluded, not underfbndin o- the G,/,I.dIlJl. S for gold-dul1:, the French purchafe langLlage, is fold and dcliver'd up as a a.lve, very l ittle of it, fince the fifteenth cen- notwlthlhnding all bis re{]rtance, and ex- tury, when the Portugueft being driven out claiming againlt the treac hery. I wes told of this country, fettled on the gold coal1:, of one, who dcfign'd to fdl his Own fon, as n1al1 alfo be obferv'd in its place. How- . a~ter that. manner; but he underrt"nd ing ever, fometimes a little gold is broughtto r rC11c/J, dlrrembled tor a while, and then market at Heyde, at la Riviere a M orfil, at contriv'd it fo cunningly as to perfuade the la Riviere des Maril1guiilS, at M alllbrill, at FrCllcb, that the old man was his nave, and Lame/or, and towards Gamboa River. not his father, by which means he deliver'cl Heyde The town of Heyde, or Leyde, confifts him up into into captivity; and thus made t'wn. of about two hundred houfes, ftanding on good the Italiall Proverb, A f llrbo f urbo e the north-fide of the SCI/ega, above 200 mezzo; amounting to as much as, SCt a thief leagues up it, from the fea, not r.~r diftant to catch a thief, or Diamond cuts DianlOnd. from that of Came/iuga; and there is a mar- However, it happened foon after, that the ket for ivory and gold, which lall: thofe fellow was mer by lome of the principal Blacks call DOligure. Blacks of the country, as he was returning Gcribolen At the town of Geribolen, is a good mar- home from the factory, with the goods he 1T1Tkll1fel ves, '/"111- them !laves and wood for fewe!' for!el",:. / .....1 / !,,,;- ./ A Defcription of the Coajls . BOOK t - . . look'd after, and often ?eaten with a ftick, BARBO'r.for a malhtenance, and to prevent. ft~v1Og. or wand and then laId up In very d!:.y • ~ When I firft arriv'd at Goeree, 10 eeem- ftore-ho~fes ' , . . ber! 68 I, I could have bou~ht a gr~~ nlum- There hides are nothing to compar'i"tci Bm,;' in ber, at very eary rates, If I cou f< I~V~ thofe of Havalla, Hifpaniola, and Huenos America. found provilions to fu~Ctft them; 0 r~- Ayres, in America, both for rhicknefs and was the dearth then, 10 that part 0 largenefs. The African hides ferve .moftly gritia. h in France and HollalId, for covering of Inland To conclude, fome naves are alro br.ouI g dt trunks, and portmantuas; b e.m g, as Il as b een javes. to thefe Blacks, from very remote 10 alJ faid much thinner and fil1aller than the countries, by way of trade, andI fold bf to Arm,er ican. For an .I nlnl.a nCe, tII e we.lg h r f 0 thinO's of very inconCtderable va ue; u a hide at Bltenos Ayres, is commonly fe- thef~ naves are generally poor and weak, by I I h reafon of the barbarous ufage they have had venty fix pounds, and wort I t lere upon t .e in travelling fo far, being cont.inually bea- place one piece of eIght. The fame hIde IS h worth at London fix pence, at Roan half a ten, and almoft faminl'd ; fo 111 uman are livre, and at Amflcrdam teli !livers the pound the Bla,ks to one another. weight. Thefe hides are the commod I' ty f 0 ELEPHANTsTEETH the country about Bltel/os Aves, Iy ing ill 35 degrees of fouth latitude, fifty leagues 1.1'phAntl ARE gather'dand pick'd up in the w~)Ods; hMd "be or elfe when the Blacks can kIll an up from the mouth of the river of Plate, WN. elephant, which is hard to be done, eith~r by the natives call'd Paraguay. The faid with fire-arms or arrows, as !hall be partI- hides, being fo cheap there, by reafon of cularly obferv'd, when I come to treat of the incredible multitude of cattle the coun- the ~ta-qua coaft; where there are more of try abounds in, . and fo much valu'd in Eu- thefe bulky creatures, than in any other part rope, are the ufual returns from thence; of Guinea. I !hall only add here, that I with a fort of red wool, call'd L ana de Vi- wascoJd by one of the faCl:ory at St. Lewis's CUlIa, growing on the Peru fheep, and which ifiand, that he and his company were once is worth at Buenos Ayres 18 royals plate per AI Bueno; at the hunting of an elephant, and beftow'd pound, and at London 20 s. per pound; being Ayres, above two hundred bullets on him, and yet brought down 350 leagues by land from he got away; but the next day was found Peru, on mules. In the year 1658, there dead fome hundred paces from the place were at Buenos Ayres, at one time, tweoty where they fhot him. two Dutch, and among them two Ellglijh rm ., kill'J The Blacks of Senega go out flxty in a fhips, as we are told in the account of MOII-th, company, each arm'd with fix fm all arrows jieuy Acarete dll Bi{cay, homewards bound lacks. and a great one. H aving found his haunt, with bull-hides, plate, and the aforefaid they fta y till he repairs thither, which they Vicuna wooll, which they had received in know by the loud rursling noire he makes, exchange for their commodities. Each Dtllcb breaking through the boughs that hang in fhip had thirteen or fourteen thou rand bull- his way, and beating down whole trees, if hides, amounting to 33500 I. fterling,bought they Itand in his way. Then they follow by them there at [even or eight royals each, him, fhooting continually, till they have and fold in Europe for at kaft 25 s. a piece. {tuck fo many arrows in his body, as mult This happen'd at a time when the Spa- The Dutch be his death; which they obferve· by the lofs niards bemg embroiled in many trogbles, thert. of blood, . and the weaknefs of his efforts the Dutch laid hold of the opportunITY to againft what ftands before him. fend thofe fhips to Rio de la Plata, laden The teeth pick'd upin the woods and de- with goods and Blacks, which they had taken farts arc for the moft part fcurfy and hollow, in at Congo and Angola. The inhabitants of occafion'd ·by their lying many years in the Buenos Ayres wanting the fupplies they ufed rain and wind, and confequently are lefs to receive by the SpaniJh gaieons, which valuable. were hindered by the Ellglifh from making their conftant voyages; and there being a HID E S. great fcarcity of Blacks, and other neceffa- ~ejlhiJ" THE beft and Jargeft dry bullocks hides Ii ries; prevailed [0 f.. r upon the governor, In GUInea. are t hO Cle rom a bO Ut t he Senega n.ver' that for a prefent they 0 bliged the Hollanders becaufe the cattle is there much laraer and to give him, and paying the duties to the fatter, than about Rujifco and Port~ d' Ali, king of Spain, they were permitted to land, where the country affords not fuch good and trade there: for no nation is allowed it, p~fture-grounds . They foak, or dip thefe but native Spaniards , with licences ti'om the hIdes, as foon as fiay 'd from the beaft, and king of Spain, which coft five ducats plate, prefently expofe them to the air to dry' for every tun, and feven ducats and a half whic?, in my opinion is the reafon, wh; plate, whenfoever they are granted to wantmg the true firft feafoning, they are ihangers. A fhip of fi ve hundred tun, as apt to corrupt and breed worms if not the lord Sandwich, in his difcomfe of Spail1, 1 ' informs of Nigritia, or North-Guinea; 49 informs us, pays 3750 ducats for liberty to I fuCl:ory at ' S,. Ltwis's iUnnd, that being BAR nOT: '- trade in the IVtif/·lndies. The fame lord ncare!1: to the Moors, who have the greatc1t ~ fays, a Black is worth fix or feven hundred plenty of chofe ailimals in their country. pieces of eight, at Buenos Ayres; and adds, I could never under(bnd, whence the Am6lr~ th,at the Spaniards there give very good rates, Moon and Blacks have their ambergris, tho' gd,. an~ake great quantities of Englijh manu- every body knows it is tbe produtl: of the fatl:ures, as cloth, bays, fays, fiockings; fea. , &c. To which Monfieur /lcarate fubjoins The French reckon this trade In gefterai filks, ribbons, thread, needles, fwords, yields [even or eight hundred pcr cml. ad- horfe-filDes, and other iron-work; tools of vnnc!:!, upon invoice of their goods; and all forts, drugs, fpices, ftlk-!1:ockings,ferges, yet theirSenega company, infl:ead of thriving, and generally every thing for c1oathlng; all hoo often brought a noble to nine·pence. [hefe being proper commodities for thofe Nay, it has broke twice in lefs than thirty pares. I hope I may be pardoned this di- years; which mufi be occalioned by the vult greJlion, fo remote from my fubjetl: in hand, ex pence they are at in Eurore, Africa, and having thought it might beadvantageous.co America \ befides ill' management of their bu- forne, who perhaps never heard of fo bene- linds: but this is no niore than the common ficial a trade, which was the occalion of my fate of the Dutch and ElIglijh African com- inferting it in this place; and now I!haJl panies, as well as of that, to make rather return to Nigrilia. lofs than profi t; becnu[c their charges are s",....,I. Bees-wax is gather'd from trees in the greater thari the trade can bcat, in main- woods, as IS done In the New-Foreft In Hamp. taining fo many ports, cailles, forts, and /hire; but is not fo good or clean. faCl:ories in Africa; which devour all the pro- OJ/rich As for ofirich feathers, they are com- fit, as I lhall farther make out in the de- (,.,hers. monly no where to be had, but about the fcription of the gold·coafl:. c It A P. V. · The emploJments of the women; the common food and drink of the 13lacks j thi palm.wine how made; fllneral ceremonies; dread ofheavy ram and fhl/ nder S Jleeping, dancing, and w rejtling, /eafling and Ramadan. The atll hor's vifit to Conde, viaroJ of the cOllntry; the Guiriors or buffoons, and their office j the government and dtJPotick authorit] of the blad kings; attdicncps, e"'~ baffies, revenues, forces, and admiralty rights; thejlljlice ci-vil and criminal, wars, religion, priejts or Marabouts, and their Grign or charms. ~NOMEN'S EMPLOYMnwrs. veral round 'balls, and let them fland :n the so""rIA. BEGdes the care of nurling their children, air a while to dry. .They then put them intd four, they have all the charge of houfewifry an earthen-pot, having a hole at the bbttorn, at home, viz. to make large ozier or firaw taking care to cover it very clde at tile top, hampers, or balkets, twe lve or fifteen foot and fix this pot upon another, irt which there about, to keep their corn in; to beat or is Aefil or filh feafon'd with palm-oil and fuch pound the millet, wi th grea t wooden pemes, fpice as they have; and thus fet both pots, jn deep hollow trunks of trees like mortars; one upon another, over the fire: fo that when which is a tedious hard labour, and yet done the meat or fi Ih boils, the fleem afcends almofi every morning; and to make or drefs through the hole in the bottom of the upper either Sal/glet or Coufcou, which is the com- pot, to the CDfI[cOUJ or pafie that is within mon diet of the family, among the wefiern jt; at once baking and giving it a favour, BlaCKS. which requires a long ,time to be well done. When enough, they put all together' ,COUfcOIlS, Fa 00. and meat or lilh, in il wooden platter or ~u[cous, THE Coufcous, as the Arabs call it, and bowl. This is the common food of the bell: the people of Morocco, Coufcoufoll, but people, tho' in reality but ind:lferent diet, the Blacks , L aguere, is their bef!: and mof!: the COIIfcous being itfelf a coarfe and Indio ufual food; being made of millet beaten al- gefied matter: tor belides its being very f;dt, mofl: to fine Aower, then lifted or fann'd and no way pleafant, it crack~ betWeen the with a fort of fan made of palm· tree leaves, teeth, as if there were fand in it. There are! as well as they can do it. This Aower they alfo COtlfcOIiS cakes made, which they bake put into a narrow bowl, and fprinkle it a on large flat fl:ones over the fire. little with water; then knead and turn it, - Thefe people, as weB as thore of the errt- PI;ltfo'~ and fprinkle more water again and again, pire of Morocco, and, as I take it, all otber blli. till it is all pafie, which they break into fe: J,1ahomelans, the kings themfelves fiot VOL. V. o e)(cepted, A Defl:riptio1l 'o f the COtlJlf their mouths with it. XVc had no other ll: BARBDT, excepted, 'are forbid the ufe of plate at their quor given us, at this entertainment, but ~ tables; and therefore the Sherife, or em- water, which was neither fweet, nor cool; peror of, Morocco, tho' a potent prince, is but lukewarm; by reafon of the exceffive ferved in ' no better ,than brafs or' earthen· heat of the welther. , . . . ware. , _ This ditagreeable filthy, way' of 'eati!lg is S.nglet, . Their Sahglet is made of the bran of mil- univerfal among·all the natlons IOhabltmg the' let, boiled in water" without any other addi- weftetn and fouthern ·parts of Africa, from tion, '. beiFlgtheocommclD food of the poorer cape SEarle! EO the cape of Good-Hope. Diego Empey .... fort, and particularly of Oaves. Sometimes de 'I'orres, who ferved the king of Spain in of Mo- iiis boiled with ftinking flefh or dry fifb, or' Barbary, about the year 1547, in his hi!tory,occo,h. .. elfe with milk or butter, · for the better fort: of the Sb1rifes, kings of Morocco, who fhled!h".." Towards the fea-coalb they eat milk, but- themfelves kings of Africa, tho' no ' better' ter, and curds, which the fVhires have taught ' them to make, but neither fo good 'or fweet tban ufurpers; gives an account, that being once prefent at the' old Sberife's dinner, and: a's in England. : obfervi'ng that he wiped the hand he took: Man.., 'f They generally eat twite a day; ' at noon and towards night, fitting round on their up his ' ineat with,-dn the head ofa bhtc~ Wing, heels upon the bare ground, either within boy, of about ten years of age, which mov'(} the cabbins, or at the doer without; but him to (mile; the Sherife, who took notice fome of the beft· fit upon mats, men ahd'wo- of it, ask'd him, what it was the chriITian men together, tewards the coaft, yet in kings: ufed to wipe their hands with at meals, fome inland countries each fex eats .apart. ' and what·futh things might be worth. 'Forrei They eat but little at a time, 'and that after an(wer'd, they uled 'fine napkins, which a flevenly m~,nner, as will appear by the might be worth a crown a-piece, or more, following ftory, , - and had {l, clean one at every meal. ' . The Entertain- Donna CataliJ1a, a black lady of a good Sherife wiping his hand again on the black m,nt, prefence, and a very jovial temper, widow· bO}l's head, reply'd, don't you think this nap- to a Portugue!e of note, and a Roman' Calho- k,in much better, which is worth feventyar lick, invi ted me toa dinner'. at Rio Frefo~, elghtry crowns? The emperor of Moroccti.: where fhe then lived in great efteem among is fen.ed in the fame manner as I have de- the Blacks; bat always drefs'dafter the por- fcribed above, with COUfcoufol/ in an earthen tuguefe fafhion: Being come to her habita- or copper platter, and ufes nothing. but his tion, \vhere was alfo the Alcaide of the town, hand to ,tear and rake up the morfels of meat and fame of king Damel'sofficers; fhe con- not mu~h more nicely than hungry dogs feed ~ucted ii,S all into a very· warm tabbi'n or hut, on eamon, He often makes choice of rhe In the mldft of which there hung at the roof ftables of his Alcazara or palace, to take a large ftinking piece of raw beef: and ha-, his meals in, and then on a piece of leather "jng made us all fit down there in a ring, up- always very greafy. The beft amI' Ineaner on a fine mat, with. our legs acrofs" after . fortin that nation all eat af,er the fame man- the Moorijh fafhion, a flave brouo0 -ht in a ner, aFld never difcourfe much at their meals. .. -, wooden platter full of dirty water to wafb' .T he black" dkin g, dc'a ll'd the great Brak' v: B· k ~ ~/lg • • our hands, without any towel to wipe them, be mg. entertain , - Every man made ufe of his clout to dry return'd the bones of the fowl, after gnawing them, and I of my bandkerchief. Then them, into the difh. the dinner was fet down on the mat, being ',fhe(e people ufe only the right hand in a large wooden plat:er, brim-full of Cauf- eatmg, and referve the left altogether for cous, and another with ftinking boiled beef labou.r, !ooking upon it as very indecent t D ..7 ~ • . - /"'<:""'.1 <1;;') /Ie....., LJ·:", , . .f.. •. ---=> a L=1. ,r vt./.Ile llatnt Pj a Laoo'-"t erap/! ~;'lml/ 'me: O1d all other 71~o,."e,j'p:~ tof J ame. !'ur}"'Je {/'lth ILl JrqJ:r hopI', HAra;':!' vr~ 7f17l7T.J' , ndllli! dn titor CameLr, hN"J'lj", ,,,,.1 ,,-,-'~JL 11'ii/t. their J'l"'l aralnd. or other fOo.ir- .'[ i7znrp r.7,jud, tl> Ji;tt ac J. c C~,AP., ~. ofNigritia, or North-Guinea. ~I moll;' Frcfh water is not to be had every where. ufed immoderately, yet thofe fumes al'e BA R HOT. At RIo Jlrefco , the ltttle nver affords it good foon difpell'd, with [eems very firange, ~ enough; but in mnny places up the coun- confidering how much it works as Coon as try, they have it out of ponds and moraffes, in the pOt. This fermentation is often fC) . fo th,\[ it is thick and muddy. For this violent as to break the pots, unlefs ca re be reafon, the king of Ka)'or has caufeel two taken to give the liquor vent. More of deep wells to be dug there, anel made good this filUU be faid in my fecond part. the in[ieles of them with timber laid c10fe and crofs-wife, to hinder the mouldering in SUPERSTITION and WITCHCRAFT. of the earth. THE Blacks gener:tlIy fet a-put {orne M,at .f- Br4nay The Blacks are generally very greedy of fmall quantity of fuch viCiuals as lheyf,,·dfDliJ. cP1ItleJ. brandy, by them ea ll'd Sallgara, which eat, for their Fe/icbes, or, as fome will have d",,/. they will drink as if it were water, when it, for the devil, whom Lhey ca ll Gillie, to given them . A Black being aboard a [hip oblige him to be kind to rhem ; for if we at Go..,-,e, and fpying an ink-bottle in my may believe their own aOerLions, he ofL en cabbin, drank a large dofe, before he per- bea ts them. I reme mber a Bla(k, from ceived i" was not brand y. whore neck I once pulled away a Grigri, or fpell, made a hideous noire about it, PALM-WINE and P ;ILM-TRF:ES. telling me, that Gune had beat him moft THO' there be abundance of palm-trees unmercifully the next night; nnd that un- in this country, yet the palm-w inc is lefs I would, in compaffion, give him a not fo common a liquor here as on ' the Gold botde of brandy to treat Gillie, and be te- Conjf, and at Ardra, being only ufec.l here conciled [Q him, for hav ing fuffered me to by the bener foft and fhan gers. take away his Grigri, he was confic.lent he D e[igning in another place a particular fi10ulc.l be infallibly kill 'd by him. The defcription of the feveral forts of palm-trees, fellow was fo pofitive in this conceit, and I finli content myfelf at prefent with ob- roared in fuch a horrible manner for it, that ferving , that here are three kinds of them. I was forced [Q humour him for quieLnefs The one is like the date-tree, another like fake. the L atiner-tree, but none of the fort which This ceremony of fpilling a little liquor, Th, (Rmt bears the coco-nuts: neither 01all I now fay and caf1:ing fome part of rice, or any other in Chi ••• much of the nature of the palm-wine, or eatable on the g round, is of g reat antiquity how it is made, but only that they pay in Chilla, and kept up to this day, COI1- certain duties to the .11lcaide), or governors lucill), their mo(\: honolJl"d philoropher and of towns, for there palm-trees; as alfo , that divine, praCtifed it, the intention of it be- ClIrl,h1ng they climb up to rhe head of the tree by ing a fott of oblation to the dead l who of ·pRlm- means of an iron or brars-hoop, which they in former ages had taught that nation to ITtts. coneeaCt or let our, as they have occa[ion. till the eareh, drefs meat, &Jc. as Navarre/~ A man gets into the hoop, and rets his informs us, in his accollnt of Cbilla. It is feet againft the tree, the hoop bearing likely, that cheBlack) in Nigritia and Guillea him up behind, as fecure as if he ftood on mig ht at firft have the fame reafon for this the ground, and fo moves upwards by de- ceremony, though at prefeut few or none grees to the top of the tree, where he makes underf1:and why they do it; and only al- (WO or three incifions, juft below the rufr, or ledge it is a cuftom tranfm itted to them head, making faft p6ts, or gourds to them, from their anceftors, grounding them{elves to receive the liquor which diftds from it: in marty of thefe praCtices wholly upon tra- each tree yields about three pints of wine, dition, without enquiring into the. motives. of a pearl colour. That which din.ils an They have alro a great opinion of witch-Wi,d,mft, hour before fun-riflng is be(\:; and with craft, ahd pretend by 'it [Q be able to c.lo this fort they entertain the Europeam, and any mifchief they think fit to their enemies, other foreignets, the beft of the Blacks be- even to taking of their lives; as alfo to ing never without it. difcover all fec rees, and find out hidden p.lm- This fort is of a pleafant fweet tafte, things, as to compel a thief to appear aI1d 'SPint. being ufed two or three hours after it has to ref1:ore what he has ftolen, be he ever fermented a while in the pots; but foon fo remote; with many more [uch abfurdi· l0fes irs fweetnefs, and grows fourer every_ ties. day: the older it is, the more it aIreCts FUN ERA L s. the head. The right palm-wine fearches T· HEY weep and lament oVer the dead BtvlAiling the reins, provokes urine, and it may oe as foon as expired, rn fuch manner, ·f,h,d. ., . r eafonably con~luded, that the conftant ufe than it is hideous .and , frig htful to pafs by the narives make of it, is the reafon why the huts where any Blac~ lies dead, by tea-. few or none of (hem are troubled with the fon of the horrid [hrieks and howl ing of gravei, or the ftone in the bladder; and the neighbours and relatiom, who tefprt to tho" i~will prefently fly into the head, whs:n the houfe of the depancd to bewail him. This A Defcription of tke Coa/!J. fancy, that the dead eat in the grave, they B' Tt~O'r. This may perhaps be deriv'd .fr?m the cuC- fet by them a pot of COllfcous, and another V""tf'..J tom of the Jews, as we find It m St. Mark of water, for feveral months. 5.3 6. dlld he (JESUS) cometb to the hotlfe if' It is a common cul1:om among the Bar- Tbt lim. the ruler of tbe Jynagogtle, al/d, feetb tbe bariallS of Morocco, Fez, &c. to fet meat on i. Mo-- tUllluit and them tbat 1IJept and wtltled great- the graves, and to bury Jiiver, jewels, and rocco, &t. ly.' upon the death of his daughter. It IS other things with the corpfe, that the dead ~ w:n known, that the Jews in thoCe days ,ha~ may want none of the conveniencies in the certain common mourners, who were lure other world" which , they had in this. for weeping and wailing over dead perfons. , 'At other places, the funerals are after A • .,h" Ridhu/,,,, Upon thefe occalions, they afk: abundance this manner. Some drummers march be-forl . ...- q"of/;ons of impertinent ridiculous qllel1:lOns, much ,blhtJ. .J 'in the Came nature as the poor ignorant fort fore the company, after them follow the; of Iri}h are reported to practife to this day; nearel1: relations of the deceafed ; then his as for example, Why he 'would leave them wives, if it be a man, or the hulband, if after that mallller? whether be wanted Tlltl- a w.oman ; ' and theq the corpfe, followed Itt, or oxen, or clothes, or weal,b? whetbe~ by' ,all the people, of the village, of both be flood in need of any more than he had. (exes. Being 'come, in this ,order, , to the or, 1vhether he bad 1I0t wives enough, or tbey place of burial, which is very often on fome 1uere 1I0t bandfome eJlougb ? .what harm any riling ground, or hill, they lay the corpfe body bad done bim? and the like. Al~ theCe in the grave, ftark naked, and fill it up queries are repeated by everyone m the with earth . . About the grave they erett · company fucceffively, the Guiriots in the feverallittle round huts, much like our ice- mean time acting their parts, ~ontmually houCes in hot countries; and over thofe 'Jincring the praifes of the party deceaCcd, huts, they fet up the round roof, of the and extolling his virtues, attions, and quali- deceafedperCon's houCe, diCplaying on the ties. The dead perCo n making no anCv:er, top of it a flag, or white fheet, cut in pieces, , thoCe who have put their quel1:ions WIth- that being thus rent, it may not be ftolen draw, to make room for others to fucceed away, as being rendered quite uCelefs. them, in repeating the fame. It is frequent among theCe people, for Ba,6A';', It was cu(1:omary among the drabs of the nearel1: relations, as brothers, Jil1:ers,'f kind"J, L),bia, and the adjacent parts, as we fhall &c. to take away for their own uCe, all the Cuther ihow in the Supplement, upon thefe goods, or wealth the party deceafed has occalions, for the wife, or next of kin, to left; thus robbing his own children, and go out of the tent, or barrack, howling af- expofmg th~m to the greatel1: mifery. ter a l1:ral1ge manner Hoo-Ia-loo, as the Irijh do over the graves of their friends de- RAIN alld, THU NDER. parted. By the II th of St. 70hn, ver. 31. it THE Blacks, in general, have a great RAiny ftA~ appears, that the Jews often repaired to the dread of the rainy feaCon, becauCe they [on j,ck/J. gmves to bewail their dead, as is the're fhown are then, for the molt part, much affiitted in the inl1:ance of Mar)', the flfrerof Lazarus. with diCeafes of feveral Corts, which makes Dwh of If it be a boy that is dead, the maids th~m very cautious of travelling; nay, moil: •' J" and women flng; and the other boys run of them will [carce come out of their houfes • at one another with all the force they are but keep c10Ce ~onfincd in them during all able, holding naked cutlaces in their hands, that [eaCon, WIth a conl1:ant fire, about which they clatter together ; and making which they lie all night, in a ring, with many eXlravagant motions and geftures, too theIr feet towards it; fo to draw out and im pertinen t to be deCcribed. dry up the moil1:ure, they fancy thofe lower 1'11"".1, The funerals are performed with much parts have drawn in, during the day; and """IOn"" fiate and ceremony. In fome places they look upon i, as the occafion of the fcveral bury the corpCe in the hou[e it belonged to, diftel11pers their bodies are (ubjett to. taking off the round roof of it, and re- l'\~t are t,hey lees appreheniive of thun- Dr,!;-J rfe, and rUlmmg fo f wlfd y, Drom,da- camels or dromedaries is fmaller,. in pr~-, ,as to ~tch It again yllth t~e fa~~ hand, be- ri" and portion, than that of the, camels ,In ArabIa fore ' It fell to the groun~, .or If It. happened cam,l, of tbt jtony, call'd Ba[triam. The dromedaries to .fall, ,; ~e would take It up again WIthout Arabia. of Arabia have two bunches on their back, ftopplng m the career; , whIch was the more and are much fwifter than the Arabian ca· furpriiing to us, beeaufe no horfes what~ mels ' but thefe here have another fmaller foever are fleeter than chofe of Barbary. bunch on their ftomach which ferves them " It is proper here to obferve, that the Af Ail'ag~ja ,; to lean on when they reir. ' fagaia or javelin above mehtion'd, as dattedJa'litlm. , Some of the horfes feem'd to me :pretty by Conde, is a 'fort' of lance, or rather a HorftJ· fine; but all very fmall. ' half-pike univerfally,ufed by all the Blacks of Having fpent abouttwo hours at this inter- N igritia, Guinea, and Etbiopia, as will be view, I cook my leave of the old gentleman, farther · made. ai'pear In the courre of tim who bid the interpreter tell me, he would bear general defcnpnon of thofe parts of A· me company to the water-?de, and fee me f rica.:! . . fafe in "the pinnace. I admlr'd all the way Tlusfort of weapon Isof veryanclentufage, , how the people of the neighbouring c6ttageS in the eall:ern countries ofA jia, and in all pro- ItJ .nnt;" and hamlets, being inform'd that Condt babilityamong the'Hebrews ; for we ofren find qm']. R,fp,1l was going down to the water-fide, flock'd it inention'd in ' holy writ under the feveral paid to about us, pulling off their fandaJs 'from as denominations of lance, javelin. ,dart, &c. him. far as they could fee him, and pro!lrating Pbineas kill'd Zimri and Cojbi with a javelin, themfelvesflaton the ground before" throw- Numb. 25. 7, 8.SaulfrriitesDavid with the ing fand or earth, with both hands, over javelin, t Sa1il. 19. ' iv. David took away their own heads; which among them are the Saul'sjavelin and water-pot, out of his tent, ufual tokens of rerpett, paid to perfons in Ib.i6. 16. 70ab thrull: three darts through erninentdignity. ' thct heartof Abfalolll, 2 Sam. 18.14. The Antiquity This practice ofproll:rating on the ground ancients always reprefented Pallas hplding.a ofproftra. before perfons in a high fration, appears by javelin or lance in11er hand; and all men of 'mg. ancient hi ll:ory , to have been follow'd by all 'dilllnaion always carried a javelin in one the eall:ern nations, and commonly ufed by hand. ! Homer affigns javelins to his heroes, the people of Ifrael; whereof we find many as the Romans did to ~heir Qyirinus and 0- in~ances in holy 'writ,. of which I !hall only ther gods; and the emperor of Morocco al- pOint out thofe of kIng David and Abigail; ways rides with an AiJagaia in his hand. See 1 Sam. 25. 23. Mephibojheth, 2 Sam. 9. 6. Ab- a farther aecount of thefe weapons here- '_ _ falOIll, lb. 14. 33. and Bath-jhebab, I Kings after. ' , I. 16. & 1.3 I ..I t is frill pra.ctis'd in.{eve- ',' It mull: be .own'd, that many of thefe Fjdi.g, ' I ral e~~ern countrIes, and paqICularly In the Blarks' of N'grttla are excellent horfemen', domInions of the Mogol. which in all likelihood they learn in 'J'om- Praif" All 'che way we, walk:~ to the fea-,lide" I but.and Gmeboa their neighbouring nations, · lung. had two of Conde s GUIY101~, ,:nc 01.l. each w~lI.ch have ~cquired it by their commerce fide of me, who neve~ ceas d, m' theIr fort With the fubJetl:s of Morocco. All men who' of tone, to fing a kin? of p,anegyrick,ia are :.vers'd in hiftory, , mull: know th;t the pralfe of me, ,as I was mform d by t~e :In- Moo;! were always excellent at riding; as ~ terpreter. Th~ fong was attended WIth a- partIcularly was formerly obfervable in the" bundance. of gnm:ces, geftures, a~d!kip- MOON'Of: Granada, whofe racing and tilting ping, whIch, tho very dlfagreeab!e.to m~ was adrrur,'d'by all their contemporaries: and yet I durftnot ,command them to g1'l'e ove.r~, at this. 'very : time ~he'Moors of Morocco are . 'i fa ~f Nlgritia, or North~Guinea" fo much aclcliel:cd to this excrcirc, that the callfe if they do not reward then1 generouny, BARDOT.' ell1peror's fans, at nine or [cn years of age, thofe Guiriols will abufc and defame them ~ ",,:11 mlc an unruly horre bare-ndg'd, with- as much as they before extoll;d and magni- a m boots or rpurs, and fit f.1fl:; it being fied them: for it is another privilege of thofe the Moorifh f.lnliol1 to mount horfes bare ve- fellolVs, to nander a!ld reproach whom they ryearly, as well for the (Ike of the beafl: as pleafe; WIthout any checks or fear of puniili- of Ell(' man, becau[e they thus break colts at ment) and therefore fdme will; upon occa- a YC:\I' old. non, prefent the Guirioi with twd or three bullocks i and others will fl:rip ~hemfelves of :t GUIRIOTS. all the clothes they have, tho' ever fa va-T is convenient I filould in this piace give hlable, to prefcnt him. fome accollnt of the Gf/triols, having feve- '. The ufual cant of thefe buffoons, either WI", it ral times made mention of them. in fpeaking or linging upon the like occa- confijld.; Buff".' The nameofGllil'iol, ill their tOngue, pro- ~ons, as I was inform'd by the interpreter, Inf.m,/IJ. perly lignifies a bnffoon, and they are a fort IS nd more than this: He is a great mall, or Q of fycophants. The kings and 'great men great lord) he is ricb j be is powerful, be is ge- in this country, keep each of them two, nerouf, he has gi'Um Sangara or brandy; and three, or more of thefe GuiriotJ to divert milch more fueh ' wt~tched flllff, often re- them, and entertairt foreigners upon occa- pcated~ with frich forry voices, bawiing, and lion. Thefe men are fo much dcfpis'd by aJl Imp~rt!,:,ent gef1:ures ,and grimaces; that it the other Blac/u, that they not orily account mllfl: tIre any but a Black: ,nay; fometimcs them infamous, but will fearce allow them it is in a rhanner intolernble, and yet mult a grave when they die; believing the earth not be found fault with, but rather applaud- would never produce any frui t or plants; ed, as if extraordinary plealing; Among !hould it be defiled with their dead carealTes, many fuch exprell'ions as above-mehtion'd, lior will they throw their corps into ponds which COllde's Guiriols tired towards me, they br rivers, for fear of killing the fifu, and' oftene!l: repeated, 'Iha'. I waJ Ibe Icillg's cbjef therefore they only thrufl: them into the hol- flaw; thInking they dId me a mighty ho. low trunks or fiumps of trees. However, nour. notwith!l:anding this mean conceit among the people, the Guiriofs have the fole pri: The Go v ERN MEN T. viJege of carrying the Olal1!Oa , that is, the great long drum-royal, made of a fine goat- 1N [ome countries the crown is hereditary, ikin, before the king when he goes to war; in others elettive. In fame of the heredi · Bro'}',,! which the Guiriot hangs about his neck; and tary cOuntries, as foon as the king is dead,fu"j.d. beats with fmall !l:icks; or with his hands, his brother fucceeds, and not his fon; but hallooing aioud with a wretched voice, and when the brother dies; the fon of the former llnging fundry fdrts of tones to nonfenfical king afccnds the throne, and after him his words. At other times, to divert their ma- brotl1er again, and not his fon; ':tim:-,i,. fters ' or foreigners, they have a timbrelj . In other hered itary kingdoms, heither the S"mfli'". after the Morifco fafilion; made like our !:irother nOr the fan luccecds, but the nephew ,tmph,,.,, flat ball-baikets, tyid athwart with feveral by the li fl:er' slide; and the reafon they fmall firings, which they touch with one gIve for it, is, becaufe it is uncerrain whe- hand, or grafp with theIr fingers; and beat ther tlte children the king has are of hi$ u'pon it with the other. . . . own gettirig; but his fl!l:er's chiJdren carinot Balafililu: Qthers again play oh another fMt of mu- fail of being of the blood-royal, and confe- fi'*, fical inftrumenc caU'd Balaji, which would quenrly they are fun! of fuch a king, arid make a tolerable harmony, if well managed; no other can be [0. ' " . . . . fot it fouiids like a harplicord) being a (~t In the elettive cci~ntries, wherl the king E/,l/i,,& of calibafiles or gourds made fafi togethet Hi is dead, three or four df the greate!l: men in king" a row, with !l:rings at feverallizes over them the nation rtiake choice from among them- Anoth.. in a tliheable order. Others alfo ufe a kind [elves of the perfon they think fitteft to fuc- !or,. of Jute, made of a hollow piece of a par: ceed in that dignity l referving always td ticular fort of wood, cover'd over with a themfelves the right of depoting or banifil- piece of {kin or leather, having tWO or three lng him, as they fila'il afterwards think fit, hair !l:rings, and at the fto ps, fome lIttle in cafe at any' mifmanagdnent; which is of~ plat,s of iron and fmall bells. , " ten the oceafion of mighty troubles and civil Black'fond The, Blacks look upon it as a g;reat ~o­ wars, be("atlfe of the many pretenders or fe- of prRift· nour done to any man, to have hIS praifeS veral iritetefts that art! niade lipon fuch oc- fung by the kihg's Guiriots; for they gene- callons; there being always many kindred or . ~ rally affeel: being flaner'd, as fO!1d of ap- i'elations of the de~srcl king left behind; plaufe and commendation, and will therefo~e who, notwithffahding that con!l:itution, do give any thing they have to be fo complt- endeavour bY open force to !l:ep into the mented by the G1IiriQls; and the rather, be- throne. ' .• ' , But A Defcription of the' CoaJls /bip to any French gen~leman, whom he ~ill BARM", But whether the king becom~ fuch by rig;ht caufe to fit down by him, after the manner, ~ or violence, as roon as ever he IS IOve!ted With of [he country, on. the. fame mat or bed .b, Rt/P,II the royal authority, the people I?a y! very fits on himrelf, which IS very often a qU.llt" pRia th'm. great refpeCt and veneration to hiS perfon cover'd with red {kins or leather, he havmg· and chief officers Such a one was Conde, of a long tobacco-pi?e in his mouth, and ~fks­ whom I have already fhow'd how much he: him kveral que1hons; but moll: pa~tlcu-. was honour1d by the Blacks in my prefence, larly concerning the nature and value of tho. Ahfo/"" . In the Came manner, by whatfoever title p,.,,,. prefent he has brought him: for, as I ob-thefe kings get the crown, the moment 'of ferv'd before, no Frenchman or other fo- --~- their inauO'ur1a- leaf1: 72 feCts of Mahol~elans m Africa. Some bomel IS' the 'only mediator. of them follow the ltteral fenfe of the AI- Others . again afrert, that God, who is ;fh' ,I" il corall, Without any comment; others add fo good, fo great, alid [0 powerful as to "'''Jilipptl, the expofitlon of feveral Marohollis. Val- produce the ' lightning, the rain, the thun- eOllcelos fays, thefe Blacks have been infected der, the 'winds, &c. and who rules the hea- with Maho1llel(lI1ijill by their nei~hbours the vens and the earth, does not require ti.e Azoaghes; as It IS natural for dlf1:empers to prayers and oblations of man, who is fo in - fpread more than health, and vice rather linitely below him in purity and fanCtity ; than virtue. but that the devil, being a wicked mif· Th,ir ..o r- Thefe Mabomelall Blacks generally be- ehievous fpirit, who, as they conceit, beats JI"p. lieve in one God, creator of all things, and and torme\'lts them, they ought therefore worlhip him in their way. They falute frequently to nlake application tb him. / the new moon, at every change, with loud that he may become morc merciful towards cries, like the Hol/mlols; and at that time them. Hence we may infer, that molb of repair to the woods and foref1:s, to make the worfi1ip and the facri!1ces, above nien- their Sala, or prayers, and offer fac rilice, tioned to 'be offered in the woods and fo· which is commonly fome rice, mixed with ref1:s, are ' dlieCte~ to . the evil fpirit, and honey, and the blood of certain animals not to the true God. ' • , they kill for that purpofe, eating part of The -intention of their prayers and fad.(;J,.'lhrj the flelh, and laying up the reft in the hol- erifices is direCted, that they may havepr.] for. low trunks of grea t trees; about wh ich, handfome wives, plenty of corn and other fome who mix Mahometanifm and Pagdnifm, food; that they may be viCtorious over place feveral odd and extravagant figures, their enemies; that the~un<', or the devi l, of their own carving with knives. may not hurt them ; that they may have N,.. Feaf1:ing and rejoicing on the firfl: day of good weather, good fi01ing, and many mrY',J. the new moon, was cuftomary among the other fuch petitions, according to their fe- ancient JCW!, as appears by what is faid of veral wants ahd dellres. Saul's feaf1:ing three days at the time of the Nothing is more cerrain, than that thofeT/" ..v ii new moon, I Sam. 20. The Hebrews, fays Ignorant ftupid people do firmly bel ieve, bt4lrlhttH, an author, reckoned their months by the that the devil beats and torments them, an moon, at leaft in the latter times, yet not inf1:ance whereof I mentioned before, at af1:ronomically, but vilibly from the day Goerce, This makes their conditi?n very on which fome men, deputed for that func- deplorable; as hvlng under fuch mlferable tion declared her to be new; which was thraldotn; ahd therefore they ftudy all ways the 'day immediately following her firft ap- which they fancy, to be delivered from pearance. Then they ufed to feaft and re- him. As for example, . if a woman has joice for three days together, after offering been troubled by , the deVil , fhe IS dreffed their faerifices of thankfgiving, and for their in man's apparel, ' holclmg an AJ!agaza In future profperity. one hand, and led about, fingtng III a dole- 1m.gts Tp return to the Blacks: Others among ful tone; which they pr€tend drives him forbid. the,tn fay, they ought not to reprefe.nt the away, fo that he will touch her no. more. deity by any manner of likenefs, or Image, The Pa/agons, a pe?ple of a glgantlck fta- as 'being incompreheniible and invifible; ture, about the ftrelghts of Magellan, are and therefore all portraicurCll are fo ptecife- reported to dread a great horned devil, by Iy forbid by their If':', that the gold ~nd them calIe? SeIChos ; pretendlllg, that when filver coins in all -Mahomet an countries, any of thm people die, they fee that tall - have no other ftamp but fome Arabiclr. let- devil? attend~d by ten or twelve fmaller; ters, the prince's head never being put to danCing mernly about the dead corpfe. ' it, as not allow'd by the law. For this Others , \ r 60 A bi./cfJj;ftbllof' fhiJ ie8hyt:r , ' ,~~,I.~" , "'i I tlli!il- owli feCI:, cOilldreacl. Some agall'l BARBO'l'. Others make ufe .of forcerers,; f°i:ol~Y ' afliiin, the Africa,ns )lid , othe~ chat'aCl'eis~_ "-""I" have chofe they belteve to be fuch a g befides chore of t,h;e Romaits~, b~t that tht'" . ~ )i Sore"'''' them who at thofe times, when the devil faid RrJnitllis, the Greeks, ana the Goths, beats' them, fing, roar" and make m,anx aboIilh~d tBern I as t'he.i1ra'bs did ' afC¢r- grimaces, and ftrange ~otion.s with thelT wards with the'Pti-jians: fo'rtHe 'Calijicaufefl bodies, to conjure and dIvert hun from the their 'b66kS to &i: 'burn't, beIi~in~ they patient. '. . 'k " wotlfd 'aih~ffl;fe"&~er be trueMahometans,~ pytJ'j1in;" They' believe. prGdell:matlOn" ,ac now,- as,1 9b,. ii.S th'ey I , b I' I all tile m'ore nidderii; AraYiik. Ibni 111raquiq carry about them, as really to e leve t ley , d ''' '3 ' ' will preferve them. from Wild "beafi:s, .qr ~ays, 'the ' Ro'manS'. ef~ced a:~ .. ,eraFed the any other fatal aCCidents, or even from In- infcriptions andanCientcharaCl'erscHeyfound chantment, as we (hall fee e1fewhere. in Africa; when they' cOhqu'ered It; lin(l fet u~th~jt ~wn in ,!f~i:pla:ce,. t~~tth'ey o'illy 'I'heir MARABOUTS 'or PRIESTS, and imb-htbe Immortalized, whICh IS a frequent GRIGRI or CHARMS. , p~a't\i2~ ia'moh~ cd~9~dors;yla ;hat~hei'e~ ch.!.atJ 'f THE Marabouts are, g~~e~all'yof Ar~-, fore It IS, there 'remalrl!; rio traCt df ancIent Mara-bick or ,]l4oorijh extraCtlOn, and by African charaCters: for which ,'[eaJon, we bouts. them call'd Bifthariins, or Lyncheri!ls; o.n are no~ to , b~ fUrprized'that the riative A- whole Ileeves the Blacks fo much pIn thm fric~ns jhOiJld ha;:e)b,ll: their letters, having faith, that they ,can impofe anY"abfurdities, lieen for fo many 'ages under the yoke of or nonfenfical opinions whatfoey,er on thern, djvers natiohs, wh6 were 'of 'diffetent rei i- and ' even, at plea[ure, cheat them of all gi6ns '; ' th~ I'ail:" of '~hich have il6He 'biit they have. It is 'not eafy to conceive '!'I~at Arabick lett~rs, .'aindng which 'there are no frauds thefe fellows put upon them with ~he :vowels, ;~tit : o,~Iy" poln~s, or ~ots, in %:u Grigri's t~ey fell to t)le 'people,: as havl,ng 'of them; as 'ill 'tlie Clia/dee 'and 'HeDrew Ian- the fole lIbertY: tei read and wnte. They guages, ~'ni~h 'trie' l?iibic'k imlch 'l-eferribles, ' may be fuppofed to have been brought up allthre~' b'elng \\tfit'ctuite the contrary 'way to reading and writing Arabick, in the fa- to the L ati'n. yheArabick gr:immar is mous city of'I'ombut, feated on the north- 'very difficult, 'as to reading and writlng, ,fide 'of the river Senega, above 200;leagues 'becaiife that tongue is 'writ with al:lundarfce from its mouth; where the emperor of of accents; and the orthography is much 'I'ombut maintains fchools, with ftore of more difficult 'tHah I that ilt the Latill, be- Arllbick books, brought thither fucceffively caufe t)le words"are very equivocal, fo that from Barbar)', by the Caravans; a great ,the fame ''word, 'wl'it wit)l differen t accen ts, number of Arabiall merchants refo rting [hi- 'fig'nifies feveral things: and one Geda, which ther to trade, of which more in the Sup- is the redoubling of twO ccinfonarm, makes 'plement. a different lignification 'of the fame thing , Marmol. lib. 34. [peaking of the ancient in the fa me word . characters of the Africans, tells us, the moll: , Th~ 'Grigri ~re generally a quarter, cir Grigri. or 'renowned of the Arabian hill:orians are of , half a fheet or'two of ordinary paper, quite charms. , opinion, that thofe people had no other full of many lines o( coarre Arabick' cna- 'letters but thofe of the Romans, ,when the racters" pretty large, drawn with pen a'rld Mahometam conquer'd Barbary, wherethere .ink. This -ink is made df ,the allies of 'a ,~ was, and ll:il! continues, the nobility of A- pa~tictilar ' fo'rt of 'wood, 'known,'by them. frica.However, they believe, that Eeople I have' ll:ill 'fome :o f 'thefe by 'me, ' which I {poke another ' language befides the Latin, keep 'as ' a curibfity,-norte 'of th'dfe r :hi~e ' which was the moll: common. ' Hence it fhowl~ them,t9 in Eu~ope, ' 'whb ' 'dre '-lKill~d , is, thi\ t all ' the ,hiftaties left them :by the in the Oriental'langlhlges, oeing 'able to reat!, Arians, are tranllated and abridged from them ; b'ec'atite forne of 'the 'letters are He- t,h~ La/ill, wit~ the 'names of the lords and brew, '(ome AI;~bitk, 'and othc'rs SyrO.lAr'a- . pnnces, anfwermg t() the reigns of the kings . ''bide jn¢enni*'d , tog~tH~f: l in the falhe 'word of Perfia, Affyna, Chaldea, and !frael, or to or f¥i)ible; -as is' fli!ipdf'eH. There writih!lS, C(?fal~'s calendar. 'But it mull: ; be .o~ned it isJi~e1'y" \af~ : [6~~paffages ' or, {ententes they have v,ery few of the~ ; fo~ ' when out of the .Alcorii1l, which tlley 'believe have the fchlfmanck Califs r.uled in Afric.a, , th,ey 0\ I~any ,oc~ult virt'ues, 'to 'pteferve the'perfons caufed all boo.ks of fcIences and Full:ory to .tpe,Y, \ue -w9rn 'by, from 'ahy 'misfortunes, be burnt, whICh the people, Qr thofe of every Gr~ri being for its pectlliar'ufe ; [oine to ofNigritia, or North-Guihea~ to pre:vent being caft away, when they go diculous opinions; and this pernicious doc- BA~BOT: _,_ ______ a fiililng ; fome to [.lve them from being trine being fpread over this part of A/rical ~, . ~oundtd\ killed, o r made {laves in war, it may be rationally fuppofed, that the Ma- or as they travel; others to fecure then'! hometall zealots have, in imitation of the ~gainfi thunderbolts; others to preferve PbylafJn·ies of the Jews, invented thefe new women in child-beel; others to excel in ones for their black difciples, they being ~1ing, to get niany wives, or much fuppofed to be (enrences or paITages of . _ -wealth, to have a good fi!llery, and to all the Alcorall i the Marabollis hav ing found- other purpofes which relate to their we\~ they took well with the people, and were fare. In !llOrt, they have as much confi- extraordinary profitable to themfelves. derke in them, as ignorant people place in . In Morocco, the natives have a great re- Hon.ur rclicks, and therefore will boldly expofe fpeCt for horfes that have been the pilgri- ~:~Ji:· themfelves to any danger. mage of Mecca, where Mahomet was born; 1· C.bod,rs The Grigri may perhaps have bccn ori- and thofe horfes they call Hadgis , or faints. "lip", ginally introduced by a certain feCt of Mo- Hodgia, or Hagia, is the nan1C of the proe fIIt1J- rabile-Arabs, called C"lalldan, living in re- vince, in which are the towns of Mecca and ligious locieties, or ITIonafteries, among Ma- Medina-al-Nabi, two places reckoned holy homelam, according to Marmol, lib. 2, chap. by all true Mabomelans; whence the name :). who have a foft Of caba1!lhcallearning, of Hadgi,. given to the horfes which have or rather art-magick amoDg them. Thofe performed that journey, may be derived_ religious men obferve very auftere fafiing, Such horres have their necks then adorned and never eat any thing that has had life ,vith firings of beads, anc) relicks, being in it. All the hours of the day ~nd night are writings wrapped Lip in cloth of gold or appropriated to particula r employments; filk, containing the nanies of their prophet, :lnd tney are kno wn by certain numbers, or fame pretended faints of their law ; and figures, or charaCters they wear about them, when thefe horles die, they are buried witb ih fquare frames. They pretend to vifions as much ceremony as the nearefi rela tions of heavenly fpirits, which give the.m the ,jet. at firO: obliged him to ferve an Arabian mer- fuch others. H e fom et imcs makes life of the chant of Canaan, whofe name was Kero Pa- hifiories of the bible, fallifying as is for his dicha, hy which means he convers'd much turn, corrupting that of the pltriarchs, and among Chriftians and Jews. His mother's adding fables, aDoUt the birth of CbriJI, and brother pretending to be a great afl:rologer his fore-runner St. Johll Rap/if/-. Notwith- V. .' Yali,n and magician, gave out he would be a fianding all this, the book is in fu ch vcnc-tai'/IDil . mighty king and law-giver; wh ich render'd ration among thofe infield" that if a Chri- him fumous. ftian or a 'Jew iliould but touch it, he woulGl. His mafl:erdying, the widow, whore name be immediately pur to death, unl efs he chan-M~rritJ hi, mif- was Cadirbe or 'Fadige, a woman of about ged his religion; and if a Mrrf/irllllflll or true trtji. fifty years of age. was prevail'd upon by believer, as they call thel.niClves, handles Mabomet to marry him, by which means he it without wa!hinD" his 'hands, he is J'epllted ~ became her other hufband's heir. He made criminal. So fully has their falfe prophet ufe of her wealth to raife himfelf, and being perfuaded.them, that not all the men in the naturally ambitious, ftrove to get above all world, nor even all 'the ' angels in heaven, , can A Defcription of the Coaftl 'BoOK·,I. h' which every MuJ!ulman or believer is tooe ..• . BARBoT.can·ever compofe fuch another. F.or t .IS joy in heaven. They all?w the books of ~ reafon they hate all that do not beheve It, Mofts, the pfalms of DavId! the holy ~a. ' and pretend, that God fent it to Mahomet fpels, as interpr~ted by Strglus ~he Nef1onan, by the angel Gabriel, written on a parch- andtheAlcorantobetruecanonlcalfcnptures. ment made of the {kill of the ram, which ...1- f' Ii h d dafter braham facrificed in lieu of his fon. They admit 0 p\aymg ~r ~ . e ea, .-:-=0 fi the doCl:rine ofOrzgen, behevmg thatthCV:J'; As for the doCl:rine, it fays, that a ter ments of the damn'd will ceafe at laft, and - the punifhment of the. firft pO.fterity of Adam, that the devils !hall be converted by theAI- who is placed as antlenteft 10 the catalogue of prophets, Noab repair'd whatthe fo~mer ,or~~a' homet makes the foul to be a portion had loft. That Abraham fucceeded thiS fe- w, h b' of God, as the Gnojlie/a did; and tho' he cond, and Jofeph the third, e emg pr?- allows free.will in man, yet afferts a de- duced by a mi'racle, as Moftl wa~ preferv d fi ., .f by another. That St. Jobn Baptijl was fent friny, like the pagans. The Alcoran ays,s."rnh• • ~ 0 p,mon OJ • h ft br!h'd there are feven heavens, and the book of"·nJ. CHRIST. to preach the gofpel, whlc was e a I Azar adds, that Mahomet faw them all, be- by JESIIS CHRIST, conceiv'd w!th?ut cor- 1 II'd lb k ruption, in the womb of a vI~gm, free ing mounted on an anima, ta A ora • , from the temptations of the devtl, creatt d which was bigger than an afs, and fmaller by the breath of God, and animated by his than a mule. The firft of thofe heavens was Holy Spirit; and that J:1aho?,lCt. h,ad con- of pure filver; the ~econ~ of gold; the third firm'd it. Notwithftandmg hiS glvmg thefe of precious ftones, 111 which wasiltl angd of encomiums to the Saviour of the world, fuch a prodigious magnitude, that. one of whom this book calls '["he word, the virtllt, his hands was feventy thoufand days Journey . the folll, and the jlrengtk of God; ye.t he de~ diftant from the other, in one of which he nies his eternal generatIOn, and mixes ex- . held a book, which he was continually read· travaaant fables with the facred truths of ing. The fourth heaveri Was or emeralds i chrift'fanity. the fifth of cryftal; the flxth of the colour of fire; and the feventh, a delicious garden, M A HOM ETA N l' ENE l' S. 'hrough which there ran f prings and rivers Con. THE Y hold that there is but one God of milk, honey, and wine, with abundance ",.ing without trinity of perfons; that J E- of ever-green Wles, loaded with apples, ·the CllRlST. sus CHRIST was a great prophet, calltng kernels whereof are converted into virgins, him Cidy-NaifJa, and their own prophet Ci- fo beautiful and fweet, that if one of them dy-M,zbameth. They allow CHRIST to !hould but fpit into the vaft ocean, the wa- . have been the moll: holy of all men, that he , ters of it would immediately lofe their falc. wrought infinite miracles, yet do not allow nefs. that he died· as we believe, but ,that he was This unaccountable book adds, that thisM.np. ., . taken up into heaven, wpere he continues heaven is guarded by angels, fortie of which Anj.iJ, both in foul and body, an'ci will return to have heads like oxen, bearing horns, with live forty years on the earth, in order to re- forty thoufand knots in them, and thac unite all nations under one only law; after there is forty days journey di!l:ance from which, he !hall be laid in the tomb, which one knot to another. Others of thofe angels Mahomet caus'd [0 be made on the right have feventy thoufand mouths, in each of hand of his own. They believe that thofe which are feventy thoufand tongues, and who follow'd thedoCl:rine ofJ eslis CHRIST each of them praifes God feventy tboufand ·till the coming of Mabomet, will be faved ; times a da y in ieventy thoufand different lan- but that the religion we now profefs, nqt guages. being the fame which he taught, and the Before the throne of God ftand fourteen perfecution of the Jews having hindred his lighted torches, being fifty years journey in bringing it to perfeCl:ion, fuch as will not length; but it does nor fay, whether thefe ,-c' follow the law of their prophet, who was journeys are on foot or on horfeback. All F,licity.f fent by God for no other purpofe than tQ the aparttnents in thefe fabulous heavens willhtA",n. give it the laft perfetl:ion, and whom there- be adorn'd with all that can be imagin'd fore they call his great favourite, and the moft pompous, rich, and magnifice!)t; and interpreter of his will, !hall fuffer eternal the blelfed /hall be fed with the rareft and pains. moft exquifite eatables. Befidts, they thall • childr,. They hold, that all children dying be- marry maidens, which thall retain their vir- unJer fif fore tht: age of fifteen years, whether they ginity; making felicity to confift in fenfual ",.j4vtd. be chriftians, jews, or idolaters, go to hea- brutality. ven; but if they pafs that age, without ac- The ingenious Monr. Pafcal, fpeaking ofR I/i(uloll, • knowledging Mahomet for God's favourite, the Mahotnetall religion, fays, il ha; tbe AI-no,i,o, . .Alld vir- they are loft to eternity; except females dy- , coran for ill foundaliol1, and M ahomet was gint. ing virgins, which they pretend are referv'd the (ompiler of il ; bUI that hi; paradifl is fin- for accomplithing the number of [eventy, gularty ridjeu/ol/I, And indeed what can ~ . imagin'd CHAi'.6. ~f Nigritia) or North-Guinea, ill1agill'timore abfl11'd and f!:llpid , than thc a chrif!:ian appears in Mcqllillfz, the i'e- IlAltDo",. idea of the blcffcd in heaven as rc!olled above Iidence of the court, he is genera lly ex-~. and as follows on below. ' pofed to be hooted at by the rabble and The /lICO/,1l1i fays, that 'women {hall not chi ldren, whicll follow their fport of a- enter into lJ1 radife; but will at a diftancc bu(jng and throwing ttones at him. The ",11. h~hoid the I<' ii<-ity of their hllfh:!nus. As Alcoran enjoins its being forc'd on mankind for hell , it will be a place of torments, which by violence and artm. They arc no leIS Will end at 1.lIl , thrOll!';h lhe goodnc ts of mortal enemies to all feels of Mabolllcialis i\fai'Olnll, who will wafh the d,l ll1n'd in a differing from their own, and particular! y fpring, and then caule them to kaft on lhe thofe who follow Omar. fr.lglllcntS of the provilions of thc blelTed . I will now briefly rn ention what h, p' emlt/Hn , furg.lOry. For purg.uory, thc A,'('o1'an, and thc pcned in reialioll ro lhis eX I r.l gav:1 nt book ) laries tJ,J SIIIIII (., y, lh.lt a Iccr death, two bl.!ck an- after the dcceafe of iVa!Jolllcl, The ea £l ern ,/,,111- grls COllle into thc grave, and relurn the nations, whd arc no leis illconfbnt thall cOJan. departed foul inlo its body; then they ex- fuperf!:itious, labouring to br:coll1e perfeCt amine rhe perron, whethe r he has du ly ob- in this new rdigion, there were at laO: Jcrved the law. If the dece,ICed anfwers in found above two hu nclred different commen- the affirmative, ancl it is not true, the of- taries on the Alcorall. This conl ulion of fending member gives him the lye, and re- doctrines being li kely to occalion much mif- proathes him with his crime : after which, chief, among thofe headflrong ignorant peo- one of thofe black fpirits knocks him on ple, every one endea vouring [b enhance the the head with a hammer; in fuch a furious value of his own chimerical comments; Mo - manner, as finks him feven i:llhom deep in bavia, then Cllif of Btlbylon, contriveo [0 the eanh, and tormcnts him for a long appeafe the troubles ariling with that va- time. If, ort the con trary, the deao man riety of feCts. To this effect, he fummbn- has anfwered I ight, as being innocent, two cd a general affembly 10 meet in the city white angels fucceed in the pl.!ce of the of Da1llajcus, whither all fuch as had any black, and cdrefully preferve dut body till writings bf their legifhtor, or his fuccef- the day of judgment. fors, were ordered to brir.g them; The 6"l,.lfPIJtttr The earth, according to thi s book, was vaf!: diverGty of opinions produced fu ch cf ,1u crea ted in tlVO days, and is upheld by an emIl,. hot contefts among thofe doctors, that no- bx, ftanding under it , on a white f!:one, thing could be concudecl. H ereupon, Mo- Th, 111_ with his head to the eaft; and his tail to ba'l!ia chde himfelf fix ot' the man learned, co,"","O,,; the weft, ha ving fort y horns, and as many whom he J11Ut up in an apartment, with mnde, teeth; and the horns at (uch diftance from directions that each of thel11 {hould pick each other, that it is as ni uch as a marl out what he could find beft in all that va- could do to walk from anyone of them to riety; whereof there were fix books COI11 - the h~x t in a thouf"nd years, tho' he never pofed , which tlit thi5 day are ca ll ed the ref!:ed. To conclude with thefe ridicu lous Alcoran, all the ref!: be ing caft in to the ri- notions, it will fulfice to add to what has ver. It was then ordered, that no perfon been already mentioned, that the Alcorall whatfoever fhould preful11e to fay , believe, fers forth two abominable p ropofitions, as or act contrary to what was wr it in that vo- ;Arti.!" Df the bafis of the law; the firft is predeftina- lume, under the penalty of being decla red religion. tion, or the belief, that whatfoever hap' a heretick, Notwithftanding all the care pens is fo firmy decreed by the eternal be- thofe doCtors had taken to ef!:ablifh onc ing, that nothing can divert it. The fe- fole fundamental doctrine, they cOllld not cono, that this religion is to be planted prevent becomlllf!; authors of four [everal without miracles, cfbbliO,ed withou t di(- capital fects. puting , and received without conttadiction ; inComuch, that all who oppole it, are to FO UR SECTS of MAHOMETANS. be put to death without any fo rm of pro- HE firf!: is that caliedMelqllia, Ii'om the Thcjirft cefs, or trial; and that the MuJ!lIllIIall s, or T doCtor Melick, whom j\IJarmol names/,ll, faithful, killing fuch unbelievers, merit pa- IblliLmelec, being that of Abubder, falher- rad ife by fo doing. Hmce, to this day, in-law to Mabomet , the moil: fuperftitious, in the empire of the cherif of Morocco, the and toll owed by the Moors ano Arabs, or peopl e have fo great an abhorrence for the the SaracelJJ, Agarmians and Ajricam. The 1; . very name of a chriftian, which in thei t fecond is called imenial1a, ot· P OIII.fical, r, ,foeen". language imports the fame as a dog, that agreeable to the interpretation of Ali or it is a mof!: common and provoking re" Hali, fon-in-Iaw to Ma~omel, as hav ing proach among them. T hey never utter it married his daughter Fatima, being the _ tWeed to without adding, God deftroy him, or God moft rational, and followed by the Per- :;t:i,;;;buril bis fat?"r and melber. Tllefe are the jiallS; as alfo by the Be"tbere Arabs; who firf[ exprefhons they teach their children, wander in hoards about the defar.ts of L)'bia; when they begin to fpeak; and when by the IlIdiallJ, fome people in Arabia, the VOL, v. S Gelbim 66 A Defcription of the Coafls BOOK!. BARBOT. Gdbills ofA frica, and fome Barbariam dwel- third day of this fef!:ival. he in his prefelice-~ ~ ling on the neighbouring mountains. Mar- put twenty men to death: The fecond fe- 11101 names this fetl: Hanifza, or Afajia. • that ftival, called the great. IS feventy days af~ is rhe law of religion, and devotion; ad- ter the Ramadan, and celebrated by facri- ding. that it is followed by a great number ficing to Mahomet :tS m~ny 0e.ep a~ they of Saracens, and by ·the people of. pamafus have male children ill their ftmliIes, In ~~- . Th"hi,d. andSyril/. l' he 'fllrks follow the timd, whIch mory of the ('"lcrifice of Abraham, d .. :" fa- is the fi·eelt, being that of Olllar, whIch ther of Ifnae!, the progenHor of the Arab Marmol [,1YS is called Buanejia, or Cheflya, /]garenians, and from him they believe Ma- from the names of the authors, who com, homet's mother was lineally delcended. The piled or digef!:ed it, like the. other twO third fell:ival is always three moons and two above. It is alfo called LeJharza, from one days after the fecond, and kept in honour Lejhllri, who became the head of the Ara- of Mahomet's birth; during the nrft days biatt divines, and gathered the three others whereof, they feed on pap, in memory of 7hejormh.into one volume. The 'farlars follow the that which he ea t.· They celebrate the ftaft fOljrth, which is the moa limple, and fUlt- of 5t. John Baptift with bon.fires in their gar- FtaflifSt_ :lble to the fentiments of Odeman, or Olho- dens, burnmg much frankmcenfe about the John tlap- man. Milbomel is equally refpetl:eq by all fruit-trees, to draw a bleffing on them. "it thefe forts of deluded wretches, who all They allow of ci-rcumcilion, but do not believe he is the greatef!: of pr0l"h~ts .. The fix the age, nor the time for it. Befides religion of all thefe feveral natIOns IS de- the feaft of St. Jobn, they call upon about fcribed in their hW:ory and geography, to a dozen more of'their faints; and particu- which I refer the curious ; as alfo to whac larl.Y' Cidi-Eellabec, who they fay is St. Au- Marmol has writ concerning thofe particular gujlin, the word Cidi impurting holy or fcas, which had all a being, when he liv'd, lord. They all mllite the Sala, or pray in Afra and Africa.. four times a day, and onte in rhe night, at Many holy and lear~ed chrill:ian dotl:ors certain fec hours, which are notify'd to them have folidly refmed the Impof!:ures 0f thlS ex- by the cries and noife made by proper of- travacrant colletl:ion.; as St.JOhll Dampfcene, ficers, like our fextons, on the topS of their Peter"O of Clt/ni, the cardinal of Cllfa" JOhil GonmeJ or Mofgues. They obferve abun- of Segovia , &c. d:lnce of ablmions, or wafhings, and other ceremonies in their religious worfilip ; which 'fheir RAM A p . A N or LEN T, and I forbear to dila,te upon, refer ring to the F EST I V A L s. proper authors. RUi(ltiOlIS THE Mabometans keep a lent of thirty To return to'M ahomet: He having thus M.~ i"fl. days, by. them called Ramadan, £11l:- made up his religion, partly of ]udaifill ,met>·rif<, ing from break of day, till the firf!: ap - and partly of the ravings of condemned pearance of tlle Il:ar.s in ~he evening, and hereticks, adapting it to the fenfuality of then fpend moll: of the night in gluttony corrupt nature, firll: ca ufed a parcd of RQd debauchery. Some days before the wicked men, and vagabond robbers, who· Ramadan begins, they prepare for ir with . knew nothing of God, or rightwulnef." to abundance of mirth, repeated vol'leys of embrace it by the powerful arg"menr of fmall arms, and frequent cries of Allah, his wealth, and fom e fly infinuations. With chat is, God. ,They are all' on' the watch thefe men he had recourfe to arms, ·and by to difcover the new moon, and fire at her degrees fubdued feveral nations, more par- as flle rifes. Then they a{fembfe, to make titularly thofe of Arabia. He had under their Sala, or prayer, with their· Marabout, him ten chief lieutenants, which were Abu- or 'falbe; kneeling, riling, and proftrating beker Cedie, his father-in -law, 01llal" Bm el themfelves, with their faces on the ground,. Hatab, Odman Em-afell, Ali ./Ibl1i Abitaltb, fuc~effively, always rooking towards the Moavia, Ali Zubeir, Abiazed, Abiazid, Ali FlIi'!iair. eall:. They have three great feftivals, like Ooeid, and Abulal Hae! Allzari, alias Zeid our Eafter and Whitfunlide, which. they ob- Abell Cehel. An thefe were his prime doc- ferve for the fpace of feven days, bue clo tors, or divines, as well as commanders. not abll:ain from buying. and fell'ing, any The three firft of them fuccefIively became more than on Frida;ys, which are their Sab- califs after Mahomel, or fovereigns of all , batb. 1i'he firll: of thefe fell:ivals is kept on the dominions he had· ruled over, contra~y the firll: day . of the moon after their Ra- ~o what he had appointed, viz. that /]1; his marlall; on which day the Cherij,. or em- fon-in-I aw fhould fuceeed him. But the peror of Morocco, ufually has all prifoners other three combining together, after the - brought before him, and either acquits, or death of Mabomet, by their interell:, and puts th em to death, according to the na- the votes of the other prime commanders, ture of their offences, or the humour he chofe Abllbeker the firll: calif; after whom is then in, for he is a cruel and bloody prin,e. the others fucc~ecled' in the fupreme au- Mr. SI •. Oloil reports of him, chat on' che lihority .. Maho1Jle~ • CHAP. 6. of NigritiaJ or North-Guinea. 67 ,Vi'J~m. iVIabomet being, as has been faid, "'ot bOlllet's coffin, ulldcr a C.\llOPY o[ cloth ofllARMT. into power, put to the [word all that ~'e­ fih'er, embroidered wILh gold, year ly fent ~ fufed to fubmit to his government, and to t!llthe; by the bafEt of Eg)p', at the g rand embrace his religion. Thus, by hypocriti- leignlOr's charge. I t is not true, that his cal means, this impo{l;or was, in a Jhort collin is made of iron, anu hangs in the time, followed by a vaf1: multitude; and air, being attraCi:ed by load-f1:ones, as [om~ the u~tter to blind and deceive them, being have given out; for thoug h it be death for him!df much trot1bled with the falling Ctck- any chri!1:ian to come within Ctfteen leagues ncfs, he had" tame pigeon which would of the place, the truth has been made then come and peck in his car; and that he known by 'Iitrkifh pilgrims, who afterwarcl~ perliladed his followers was the angel Ga- became chl'i!1: ians, who have dccLlrecl, that briel, rent by God, to tell him what he the coffin is furportcLI by ve ry (mall co- was to do. It is alia reported, that hav- lumns of black marble, cncompancd with ing once cnu[ed one of his companions to filver bani[rers, hung with a r, reat number hide himfclf in a dry well, he ordcl'ed him of lamps ; the fmok e whel'eof does fa d~rken to cry aloud as he palkd by, thatJWabo- the place, that it is not C~ fy to difcern how mel was the true prophet. This man did the coffin is upheld, The 'IU1'''S are obliged, fa, and thofe dull people admired at that by their religion, to undertake a pi lgri- wonder; but the impoltor, fearing his kna- mage once in their life, to wornlip that tomb; very would be dilcovered , imll1ediately but at prefent only the meaner fort perform ordered his company to fill up that well, It, the richer being eafily difpenfed with by l ef1: it 010uld afterwards be profaned, as he the M ufti, who is the hig h-prief1: of the pretended. The well was accordingly fil- Mabometans. led up with f1:ones, and the wretch within it At M ecca, they pay their devot ions at a M,cca. peri!hed in a miferable manner. place called Kiaabe, being a [q uare hOtI[e, 1l;, flight Mof1: of the Arabs, being a people fond by them ca ll ed the houfe of God, and fup- frum of novelty, followed JI-faiJomet ; but his pored to have been buil t by Abrabam. The !'lccca. countrymen, who knew fomelhing better, mof1: renowned of all lW,,!Jometall M oJques, expelled him with fcorn, when they per- and the mof1: re(orted to in the univerfe, teived his defign was to fet up for a prophet ftands in the middle of this city, and may and bwgiver. Thus was he forced to fly be {cen at a grea t dif1:ance from the town, from M ecca, on the 16th of July 622, and by reafon of its high roof in the nature of retired to Mcdina at Nabi, that is, the city a cupola, with two lofty towers, of a cu- of the prophet, diftanr four days journey rious lhuCi:llre. There are above an hun- from M ecca. From that day the Mabo- dreu doors into it, with everyone a win~ melallS reckon their Hegira, rhat is, their dow over it. The noor is deep in lhe computation of time, as chrif1:ians do from ground, and the y de(cend into it b y ten the birth of our Saviour. He had feveral or twelve (teps. They reckon the g round wives, yet left only one daughter, called it f1:ands on [aered, fo r two reafons ; the Fatima; tho' others fay he had three. He firfi', . becaufe, fay they , Abra!Jam built his 11;: .Iwh. is [aid to have died on the 17th of J une, firf1: houfe on that fpot; the (econd, be- in the year of our Lord 63 I, having reigned caufe Nlabomel was born t here. The whole eight years and fome momhs, and lived fixty M ofque glitters with the richef1: tapif1:ry, and feven lunar or Arabick years. Since that other works in gold; bllt more p"rr ictl- time his followers have made themfelves larly one part, which has no roof, and, ac- mafters, of PaiejlilZe, Syria, Perfia, Egypl, cording to their traditi on, is the extent of Greece, &c. and a very great part of the Abrabam's houre; the coor leading into it world has fubmitted to his law. being ofCtlver,juf1: broad enough for a man PUg';. The city of Medina, rho' of little extent, to pals throllgh. On one fide of it is a mog". is neverthelefs very famous among the lWa- 'l'ur'be, fa they call a chappel, encloGng a hometans, as well as Mecca,and both of them very deep well, of brack ilh warer, which yearly refoned to in great caravans from they reckon fa holy, that it cleanfes from all very remote parts of the world, and even fin fuch as are walhedwi th it. On the day from rhe wef1:ern {hares of Africa, as Fez, which anfwers to our 23d of JI-fai'ch, a fa· Morocco, 'IremezC1l, S/lS, &c. tho' at a pro .. lemn feftival h there kept, " frer t heir man· digious difl-ance; the people reforting to her, by drawing wa ter fro m lhis wen, and pay their vows and religions worlhlp to that fprinkling theM ujJiri7llalJs, or bel ievers, with falfe prophet's body, which is depoCtted In it. This is done when the caravans of pi)o M edina, in the principal Mofqlle, by them grims arrive at iWecca. The arches of the called MOl al Kibu, that is, the moft holy. Mofque, and the !hops ftanding about ir, Maho- It is fupported by 400 pillars, with upwards are full of a prodigious qllantity of rich mct', of 3000 filver lamps. There is a little merchandize, precious fto nes, and aroma- t'mb. tower, all covered with plates of Ctlver, and tick powders, which fprcad a mof1: .amira· hung with cloth of gold, in which is Ma: ble odour '._ or 68 A Defcription of the CoaJl.r ~OOK I. BARRO·l·. of Iht A R A B S. the fecond of Se/,tember 7 [4, a year f.,tal tC1 - ~ THE Y a.1I pretend to be defc~nded Spaill, the' battle began, which Iafted eight l S . Ii• ., th'J from lfillael and E(au, as mentioned days fucctffi~tly, with various fuccefs on n palO, com, into in the inLrodutl:ory dlfcourfe. There are both lilks; till at lan, on the SUt.c/ay fol- Africa. very many of them in If/rica, who fid!: lOWing, in the cvening, the GQlbs gave entcr'd ir 10 the yea r of our Lord 653, 110- way. King RlJderick, moll: lIuthors filY, .w··: del' Or/mall, or Othlllall, their calif, who killtcl, yet ochers affirm he fled, dlfgulfed fent thither an army of above 80000 com- in a IIIl'Jlherd's habit, and with one ROllla- batants, commanded by Oecuba Belt Najic. I/US a holy monk, after recovering from a Th& Ar6lbs built there the city of Caira- livoon, occalioned by trouble and weari" Veil or Carvan, 30 leagues call: from run is. ncfs, made his way into Porllrgal; where In the year of CIl R IS'r 999, which is of they both took their dwdling on the fea- the Hcgira, or MtlholllclalJ alra 400~ three coafr, near the [own of Pederlleira, about ff Japh~th, the fon of Noah; and from but about the year 1 1 70, one Abdclcbir, them fom e mountains in the empire of who h~d . ~cnder'cl himfel£ famous by an hy·. Morocco, had the name of GOTllere; and pocri t ic,al Ql1tw~rd . fhow of pi~ ty , revolted perhaps Gomera, one of the Canary iilands, O\g~ in (l; .C;p,i11 Adtllll , Calif of Carva11 ; and oppofite to it, n(ight have the fame original. tkw,Ug)l he was himfelf killed, before he The Sabean Arabs, at fi rll:, fetded in theS.bean,: coulll make any great progref$, yet he left eaftern partS of Barbary ; whence they af- , wo fons, onc of which became king of terwards fp read, and fubdued the bell: of Btlgia, and the o.lher of 'Jlmis. Thefe two Africa. T he name of Bcreberes was given bro~hers , the bette r to maintain themfelves t1~em, from their firft fettlement in Bar- . in their l{ingdoms, became tributaries to· bary; whcr~as thofe that were before in MI- the A/IIlOl"avides ; bu t they being expelled midia,. <[ingilalla, and Lybia, arc called Chi- by tHe Almohades, Jofeph . Almanzor pof. lohes , 'or Xi/ohes . When thefe people fell feffed hi mfe lf of th~ kingdom of <[tmis, at var iance among themfelves, the con- tllrning oue the fuccefTors of Abdelcbir. T he querors becoming mafters of the field and power of the Almobades being afterwards ca ttle, obl iged the vanqllifhed to fly for entirely brolcen, by the fa mous battle of filfety to the moun tains, or into populous Navas de. <[oloJa, in Spairt, anno 12 12, the ci t i e~ ; where, intermixing with the other Arabs again recover'd the kingdom of <[lin is. Africans, they came at lall:, like them, to I have already mentioned their conquefts i,l live in haufes , and to be under the fame Spain, · and how thqy were again expelled. fu bjeaion. T herefore thofe who ' live in The AraUs. at; prefent are . fubjeCl:, for the tents, like their countrymen in Arabia , are moll: part, t.o the <[lIrks and Perjians, o.r reckoned the nobler, being alfo more power- elfe to pa r~JCu lar princes of their own · fu l, and richer in ca ttle; yet both keep to fOllle of which laft are alfo tributary t~ thei r own race, anel pDffefs rhe ftrongell: the two. fonner. places in Barbtlry, Nllmidia, and Lybia: Arab, in Befi des the~ Arabs here mentioned· now W e read that Abl'aham rraveU' eI about, with the -aft · inhabit.ing the: northern ane! weftern' parts his fami ly ane! ca ttle, and liv'd in tents, as of AJr.tca, a.ne! the de Gut s. of L ),bia, as fa r thefe Arabs do, Gm. xiii. and fo did his as the fr.onl1ers of the Blacks, there are fe- nephew Lot. Each wandering company of vera) tribes, or hoards, of the f.'\me nation Arabs chufes a capta in,. whole tent, hutt, whoJ):\ve. been for feveral, ages fetded r~ or barack, as they call, it,. f1:ands in the all. parts of Egypt, 3nd:along the coaft of. . middle of the Adouar, or village, where Afnca. Ilext the Red-Sea, called. Aben and he takes care of all things which concern Ai(m ; and on tDward~ .the eaftt and fouth-. their welElre. T he men lie on the bare ' e~(l:, in the .cDun tries of Za1Jgllebar; Mozam, ground, among their cattle. Their baracks lJlqlle. Sofala., &c. of whom Marmo!' gives are. like pavillions, fupported. by two grea t a pJ:rrtClllar account. T he f.1me author poles , the door made of branches of trees. lib. I , cap. 24. fpeaking of. the ancient Arab; T hus. we fce the word;Barack, made .ufe ofB.r.ck; of Africa, [,lYS, they are defcended from , by all EtlropeanJ to flgnify a · hutt, is de- Ar.bick. ijillllai ,a nd Elatl, the. pFogenitors· Df, all the ' rived, from the.Anlbs. Monfleur C!tAP.6. of Nigritiaj or Notth-Guinea. 71 ~vrorifieu r de SI. 0 101/, in his embaITy to them, and I ~okcd 4pon as almoO: dll'\nc, BARDOT: ~I~\~C:'~. the clhperor of Morocco~ in t!le year 1693 , Jays Vafcollcdos, in the L ife of king ]oblllI. ~J (,bferves, that In the pL1Ins of the klllgdol11 d' bf POI'jugal, . Mor~cco, t her~ were then "tt\.lally rec- lVlonlieur ()e St. 01011, fpeaking 6f the IrnJ"f koned to be tlurty thouGuid cottaacs of Arabs, containing one hundred th~ut;1nd trad" of this ertlpire, r:-Iys, its only neigh- Morocco_ bOlli's . by bnd arc the Blacks on the onc illC", paying the Gara1lJ1II1l, which is ri yeady fide, and the Aigeri11CS on .the other; the tribute to the emp~ror, or the tenth of all NloorS of.M oi-occo, Fez and 'l"arud{l/It .driving they poITers ; and are liable to it from fifteen a conflderablc trade in CuiuM, that is Ge- years bf age. They li ve in the ea item part i/Cboa, which is very adva.ntageolis on bod, 'of the kingdortl, ~nd are difl:ingl1inled intd lides. T he Moo;'s for fome (;1It, little look- three different races, or tribes; which arej ihg-glaffes, and toys, cal' ry home 'l con fi- the III/foil/! and C'/ragi Arabs to the horth- (terablc quantity of gold-duf!:, clepliants- wanl, anel the j\llencbb,' Arabs to the fouth- teeth, antlnumbers of Blacks. This em- ward; befijes a tribe, or ho.ml of the Ait- peror of lvlorocco has gained fo far on the S",i Bercberes to the fouth-welt bf theln. affeCtions of thefe Blacks, by the good ufage l. Fez; In the kingdom of F"cz , the ArabI amount he affords them, and by prefcrring them to to t'hree hundretl thou[1hd men, thal pay be about his perron, in the quality of In Su~. the GaraR;ifja. III that bf Suz, \vhich bor- guards, that they look lll'on themfelves .as dei's on the iOL1tli anel wef!: parts of Morocco, his true fubj eCts. The emperdr of jV1orocco there were then fifteen thouf;,nd /ldouars, has always feven Or eight thbu[.1nd of, thefe making lip fifty thoulimd brave men, whom Blacks , as well horfe as foot; reckonc(~ the prefent emperor has not yet beell able the bef!: of his foldiers, and in all engage- entirely to fubduc, The fame autho r adds, lilents they are tht pext .. aboll t his perfon. that all the Arabs and Bereberes fubjeCt to Be fid es, he gives th~. , bef!: governments and the emperor of j\llorocco, when they lie in chief co,pmaqds in Iiis army to fueh of them the way where his army marchesj are ob- as fignalize themCelvcs. They are not only liged to fupply it gratis with all forts of his confidants; but entruf!:ed with the exe- provilions; as wheat, barley, nle,,j, butter, cution of his orders. ; . which they perform oil, honey and cattel, Hnder pain of having in fuch a haughty and arbitrary maMer, all they poITefs plundered, and being them- that the. very Alcaides tremble at th, fight felves cut in pieces. of the meanef!: of them. , The , emperor l:mpcror of ,The prelcnr emperor of Moroao is Milley conO:antly raifes recruits of thefe Blacks, l'10rocco. Ijtila.l, who calls hl"mfelf great Chel'if" that either by way of purchafe, or othcr ltieans, is, firf!: an'd mof!: potent of Mahomet's fuc- and marrying and employing them, by ceITors; and boafts himfelf to be dcfcended which mean~ he has a fort 9f nurfery, or from him by Ali and Fatima, fon-in-Iaw breed of them, to ferve 111 time of need. and daughter to that falfe prophet, and This author's account {hews what correfpon- tahs more pride in that kindred, \ban in denee there is.at .prefeht between the Moors the antiquity of the crown in his famil y .: and Arabs of Morocco, and the people of "ih ich fufficien tly proves, that his predecef- Nigritia . . .' fors; who Itiled the01felves Miramamolim, I Thall conclude this chapter with a gene- t'If",o,l. that is, emperors of the faithful, made ufe ral obfervation of a P"raCtice univerfal a- of the colour of religion to dtabli!h their mong moft ."Mahometam, but niore efpe- government. The people there_have fueh a cially the African Moors, relating. to, their veneration for this charaCter of Miralmou~ being jl1f!: and true to their words. The li- lIlin, or, as we call it, M iramamolin, and berty of lying and retraCting whatfoevet prince of the tribe of the HachelllJ , as tillS they fay, is fo thoroughly ef!:abl.i!hed a- emperor fl:iles himfelf in all his letters to mong them, that t~ey rather look upon it ebriftian princes, that they reckon lt a par- as a virtue than a fault. One of theIr Ma- ticular honour, and no Iefs advantageous to" ra.bOllts being once tol;l or" it, by a dHif!:iah wards their going direClly to their paradife of note, as a thing very furpriling to him; to be' killed by his hand, without any rea- did not heiitate td anfwer, ' that they madc fon, or juf!:ice. This not only here, but this one of the dif!:inCtive marks between throughout all the'l"urkifh dominions, the their religion'arid ~hri(1:ianity ; and were fully fanatick MlfiJidllians, or Mabomctam, look perfuaded they ihould foon be like us, OaveS upon as ' being. crowned with martyrd~lri. to falfe doCtrine and idolatry, I1lould they. The word Cherife, and Xcrife, another tld~ I ike ;l1S, think ' themfelvcs obliged to keep ginn' to this emperor, imports the fame In thei r words: Arabic/( as Xorfa, whleh lignifi es one of Thus have t endeavoured; in this chap- the race of Mahomet; whence it is ~hey ter, though ' it ' may~ look like a dig'remon, give the nam'e of XerifeI , or Xorfa>, to all which yet cannot bu~, be entertaining to t~e that are defcended from their p'ropnet; reader, to gi~e a ,!horr, , but. I hope fatlf- ,vhofe family is the mofl: honoured among faCtory accollnt, from the moll: reputable . - lIli thor ', j2 A Dcfcription of the CoaJli BOOK 1;, '. BARno.,., authors, of the rife and progrefs of the Ma- and religion of the many (ever~1 nationsjn~ 'V"V'J homitan religion, in feveral parts of the habiting thofe parts; for by d:ls mea~s the world; and more particularly in Africa; as mi!!:akes rnany of them conceive and incul- alfo a brief narrative of the firft coming of cate into others concerning the aff"_ de Barros, who writ before him affirms JerelJlire, to the follthward of Doboo above- that borh thefe rivers proceed from th~ mentioned, is three fathom, unlefs near NIgel', , the fOlJrce whereof is in the lake fome rocks, a few leagues below Jeremir~ Llb)'a, and at Cheno!ides Naba and R inger; IIland, where there is bllt nine foot water. but that the Inhabitants fancy it fprings The f:trther part of this river, above from the Nile, tho' without any ground. Arftb#, is not much frequented; and little The Portugt/eft having long known that can be faid of if, that I could hear. Ac- country, . adds that author, have found, cording to a very modern author, we know that ~he rIver Gambia, running through the nothing of it any farther up, than to the pr.ovInce. of A:fandinga, and by the way, re- eighth degree of rhe weft longitude, from Cel~Ing mto It the waters of feveral rivers, the meridian of LondO/I, and not much which rU!1 through that country, conveys abov~ the town.of Malldillga, whe:e there MandiDgi ~hem all mto the ocean, as well as its own, are nch gold mines. That town IS feated ""'n. In the lantude of feventeen degrees and a in the province of Cantorji, of the king-' haJ~ . The SCI/ega, known by more names, dom of Mandillga, and about fix teen leagues t ho. It~ run be {horter, and almoft in a up the inland from the river. itral~ line from eaft to weft, f.111s into the On the north· fide of the mouth of the Poill/' An; - fe:t In about fifteen degrees and a half of Gambia runs out a long low point, al_6A', no~·tll latitude, after taking in the river Gelilt o moft imperceptible, as you come from of sc' J rh G h I' <1118 oa, w lie hm!u! : be the n'v er rea in haz.y weather. The land on the . a II, nmrung northward up a-crolS fouth-fide is l11uch higher, and covered / witl~ CHAP. 7· of' Nigritia, or North-Guinea. 73 ,n,i, trec~, aretching out north-eaft and fide, that the parrage can eamy be forded.I3ATtllOT. fouth-wd\-. There is It fort of bar a- Were it not for chat, It would be a very V"'V"'J thwart the mouth, hav ing four fat hom fit place to fettle a f.~Cl:ory, as the French water at the loweft tides, and lying north- did oilce, and the COllr/mulen before them; welt and fourh·eaft. but they had al\their throats cut by the trea- ",.n> t. To fteer a right courfe into this river, cherous natives thereabollts,'-"fo that it has JIm up it. when the entrance appears open, you muft been ever finee abandoned by all ElIl'opeal/!. bear for the point called POll/a da Barra, I think the EngliJb ca ll this Cbnrlds iOand. in five or fix fathom water, till you have Here are abunda nce of Hippopotami, or Riutr- brought the faid poine to bear fouth-eaft, river·horfes, lying in the fmall rivers, which horj'" ancl then come to an anchor, if the wincl fall in abour the mouth or the Gambia; happens to be fcant; but if the wincl is efpecially in that of Gilllllb~, joinmg with large, hold on that eourfe, always founding, that of Sallgedegoll, by means of rhe Breve/. till you come into four and a half, or five This animal is bigger lhan a common ox, fathom water, keeping the aforef,1id point and Olaped like a horfe ; has" very large always at Jeuth-e"ft, and the other point by head, . the legs, (eet and Lail very OlOrt, Ie the Frellc/J called Ba),olll/e, on the oppofite that it ralher feems to creep than wa lk, the fide at fouth by eaft. Then tack and Itecr fkin is hard ancl without luir. They gene- for the faid point of Bayollne; and being rally keep in fwampy and woody places, as paft twO leagues beyond it, kFep in the mid- the cattle do, and when in the river f\Vim dle channel of the river, which courfe will holding up their (nour above the water, keep YOll clear of the muddy bank, lying wh ich affords the Blacks the conven iencyof round the 1jIe of Dogs, where fome fhips fllOOting them in the neck, as they ufu"lly are ftuck, when they leaft think of it, and do, for the fake of their O,ins and teeth. it coft! much troubl e co get them off. And The fkins are thicker than thofe of any thus will you come to anchor fafe before other animal, and faid to be good againft FOI'/-James, on the little James's iOand, the loofenefs and bloody-flux. The teeth lying about ten leagues up the river. or great tufks, which are but two, ferve for s.I"" and All Ships entering this river ufe to fire the fame ufes as the elephants, being bet- Juty. three guns, by way of falute, co a very tall ter in one refpeCl:, which is, that the ivory and thick tree, which ferves inftead of a of them keeps always white; befides, they !l:andard for the king of Bar, and the fame are faid to have a phyGcal virtue to ftop they do at going out, which is more par- bleeding, and cure the hemor rhoids, as has ticularly obferved by the EngliJh; and at been found by experience. The(e rive r-horfes both thofe times they pay one bar of iron live on the land, as well as in the water, go- to the king, or his officer, for rhe duty of ing out of it to feed, ruining the fields of anchorage. rice ancl millet, becaufe they fpoil more This river in irs way from Clll/tory to the than they eat. They are apt to overturn ocean, has many great turnings and wind- the canoes of the Blacks, but do not hurt ing~ , but more particularly from Calttor, the men. .a nd is much deeper than the Senega, and the Here are alfo crocodiles or alligators ofcroc.di/es . Th. ,h.n- channel more fpacious. The ride or current thirty foot in length, and a proportionable ntl. 'ide. is very rapid, tho' nor fa much as thar of thickne(s; which devour men and beafts at &c. the Senega, and being increafed by many one mouth· full, and whole bullocks have torrents and {mall rivers faning into it, been found in the bellies of fame of them. carries fuch a freili into the (ea, as is vifible Their tail is as long as all the rert of their eight or ten leagues from rhe fhore. The body, and their fkin (0 hard, that a muO infert, avery extraordinary, .and no,' lets ;oJ of C~)mmonly conliil:sof millet,'flefl1, milk, ' r emarkable waY' of trading 'between thofe ",Imnl· , l:lce, poultry, and frUIt. The Portl/gucje lvIoon, and the Blacks aeJaye; occilfion~d _ ~laltoesboil fowbnd rice together. The by the Blarks 'of 'this country having a O1on- , "ftrous ','. ~f Nigritia, or North-Guinea. 79 11:rous llrge SCI'I"UIIJ full of fares, bc fiJ~s The fair' at Joliet is moftly for gold-dull:. ~ARBOT : other natural deformities in thoir Dupe and TIllS town is beyond 'Tillda, and, if we \/"V"-'. bodies; which makes them fa baOllu!, that may cred it the Blacks, there is a very great Thnt At they will not bo fecn' by thole Idoors. The quantity of gold-dULl at the hlir, as well Jolit·t. .An/bJ lay down th6ir goods by way of lots, liS at other places feated on the river Niger, in a place appointed, at fame little dift~nce where that admired metal is not fa much from e.lch oth~r, and th~n withdraw a g reat valued by the natives as ·il'On. way, :leaving no foul to look to tlwir mer. At S,'liko f.1ir, great quantities of [.11t41 Scliko. chandize. The Blacks perce iving they are ara bought by the POl'll/gueje in exchange gone, come up to that fpot, exa mine every for Oaves: The beft r;dt is brought from lot, valuing every thing they like, or want, Barl/ivael. according to their own fancy, and having The MarnbotllS, as well as all the othet· left the quantity of gold-duft they think ·it Blacks, . trade with thofe of BOlfalo, and worth by eve ry lot, go oll'in th€ir turn. others hvmg beyond them; where gold is The Moon being inlarmed 'of it, (!ome to be had. again to the trading.place, and eonfider on the quantity of gold laid down eve ry man , 'lhe;r GOVER NMENT. by his own lot. If they think the gold THE. kings 9f this country fca rce ·aif- Ti" khlg •. luffi cient, they tnke it a IVa y, lea.ving the fe r Ih behaVIour, or c1oaching, from lot, or lots of goods for the Black, wi'thout the common Blacks , unlefs upon fol~mn oc· the leaf!: embezzlemen t or fraud ; ana the cafions, as giv ing audie.nce to envoys, o r next day the Blach carry away the good.s t~ Europedns ; for then they adorn themfel ves their town. If the Blacks have ·not laid more ·than at other tinies, pu ttilig on fOlll e down gold enough to {atisfy the Mool's, red, or blu;: coat, .or doublet, .hung abou t -thefe carry elf their own goods, leaving with ta·ils of elepl.lant$, or wild beafts, and the gold, whkh {he Blacks letc h awa·y the .fm aU be ll~, bug les, and coml; and on next day; 'yet it fe-l dom happens, bm tha-t their heads, bonnets mR~e of ef,er, Wit h they ftrike a bargain. "[,his w,ly of trnel.ing lilli e horns of gOl)cts, nrnelopes, or bucks; !afts niae t.t PariJ, in ', 2'1110 . but trane· :bars ,of iron, {9me·rUlrJets ~)'f.~randy , a fw?rol; 'laced ;into {j)lJ:lifh, in 1'he~w9 ·qua rto volumes 'Or a 6r~lock, a hatl or the 'like; b~t .goo~ of montlily HR'oIeJS; being ·a good -aCCOU{lt brandy is generally moft acceptt1blc, anll cl' the :l~inglloms of Fez and Morocco. fometimes before the a~die(lce is over, the In:the marketsorJlli rs a t "li~l~a , 'Tandcba, k(ng wi ll be .almort ClruIlk with it. I for · and ;faliker-va'l, arc e.J<:pdfed·w ·fn le -g re~ t b.ear ~o mention many more pal'ticuiars ore· tjuanti6es pf dry :hidts, d eph.ant-s tetth, 'l at ing to thefe kings, 'becaufe what I :ha ve 'Cotton, 1'iC?e ; ·thefe ·Ewo, .molt at the ·two -{aid' jJefore'O'f ·thofe of Sellega, &c. .('.xatlbly ]aft p\acq, and the firft .two., .more .at ·the luit,s with .thefe. 'I ilhall 'only add, ,thM ·form.er -ph\ces . '''Phe .qrriagc of good,s to 1!he Blacks l.o.ok ,upon ' ~!i ~ir .kings as ver.y <\x · =y of thofe -p!-aces 'bei~g ril l 'b y 'land, 'qnd tr~ordinil ry {orcCrer..s and .fortune-tell~r.s,; ·tlre ro.ads-ext(emely Dad qnd dilli culr, makes and .believe .that 'Magro, -f9Qne llly king.of it ',Very ·cl1argealJJe.; ;and :if .don.e -by riv ~r~, 1$re.al .Caj[oll, be!iJt the town all the day, whiH1: the gucft, about an hundred and forty years pe- pr incip~l perfons of the country, and the late fore CHRIST, who was kiJl'd by the /;on- VOL . V. . Z triv<1nce 86 A Defcription of th~ CoajlJ BOOK I. BABRO". trivance and treachery of Serui/iuI Cepio, a The kingdom of Biguba or Bufequi is in- Bigub. ~ RomfllJ general in Sp?:ilJ, tells this palfage, of habited by the people call'd Bia/ares, as has kingdom. the fame nature as what we are fpeaking of. been faid before, and' depends on that of That the Lujitaniam miffing their general, GI/illa/~. The port of Biguba is fomewhat found him dead in his tent; whereupon the higher up the river ~han that of Balola or whole camp was fili'd with their lamenta- Bu),la, which is inhabIted by the'l'angoI-maos, tions. To perform his fune~al rites wi.th and Biguba mofily by Portugutft. The'l'an- all imaginable pomp, they rals'd a vaft plle gOI-maoI are faid to be C?f Portul{uife extra;", _ of timber in the midft of the field, leaving tion, fome of that nation havlOg marry d a fpace for the body. The top of the pile black women; however it is, they differ not was adorn'd with colours and other trophies in cuft011lS and manners from the generality of arms. Then their idolatrous prieft going of the other Blacks, going almoft naked, up to the top, call'd upon the ghoft of l/i- and cutting or [carifying their bodies like rialuI, and killing fome captives, fprinkled them. the arms with their blood; which done, he When a king of Biguba dies, and leaves C,ml "'I- came down, and fetting fire to the pile, the only one fon, that fon i~ immediately en- tom. body was confumed in a moment. thron'd; but if he leaves feveral, the eldeft Unfit/I"1 The Porluguife jefuits, and other miffio- cannot be king till he has 'kill'd all the o- Blacks. ners, about the beginning of the laft centu- thers hand to hand; the Biafares look ing ry, baptized many of this nation of Guinala, upon the braveft as moft worthy of that dig- who foon rel'~ps'd into their former paganifm nity. This way of deciding the right to and fuperftitious worlhip of the idol China: the crown being tedious, it occafions great lome of them, upon frelh exhortations, were troubles and tumults during the interreg- again ,r econciled, but as (oon fell back into num. their abfurdities; which, at laft, tired thofe There are few chriftians in this coun- miffioners, who were thus convinc'd, that try, notwithftanding the great toils former- to undertake the converlion of thofe infidels ly undergone by the miffioners for gain- was l~bour in vain, and therefore refufed to ing of converts; but the grolfeft paganifm baptize the king, and fome of his courtiers is follow'd by all .the natives without ex- who defired it, withdrawing themfdv~s from ceprion. that tountry. CH A P. X. The iflands 1:liffos; their inhabitant! and ;r"duB; Biffos town and trade.' How thfJ plight their faith to jtrangers; their habit, houfes, food, b1lrials, ~c. Of Rio Grande, and the ij/and Fermofa. T HE iOilnds of BijJbs Or Biogbos, or Bif Diretl:ly oppofit~ to it, is the village of CaZt-, /ttll or Bizagwz, or, accordjn~ to the lUI, on the continent, and fevent! little Frenlh, BifJu, lie tQ the weftward of the ifiands"n ot inhabited. About two leagues Des Bil- conft of Biguba, being inhabited by the Ja- from it, is the ifiand by the French caIl'd ~u~ gos. The largeft of them is by the Portu- des Bif!!aux. A Ihip of three hundred tuns I /I. guefe call'd Ilha FermoJa or beautiful ifiand; canpafseafily between the two iOands, know- and by the Spaniards , ljla de Fernan Po, ing the channel. This ifiand is about forty that is, Ferdinand Po's iOand, becaufe he leagues In compafs, inhabited by Papel difcov.er'd it. Some will have it, that there Blacks, divided into nine feveral tribes or are near eighty iOands call'd BijJoI, between nations, each govern'd by a king of its own> c~pe Roxo ahd Rio grande, enclofed on the but one of them is fovereign over all the reft, weft fide by n large bank, which the Portu- who depend on him as govern ours of pro- guefe call BaixoI dos Bijagbs, and the French, vinces. The prime men in it, are call'd Bane de St. Pierre. Gearges, lignifying as much as dukes or peers. Fermofa. Ilha FermoJa is parted from the main by Thefe are the candidates when a new king is _nJ Bum the river /lnal'lly, as are alfo tWo other iOands ijI./lds. to be ('hofen, which is done after this manner. near it. 0pPDiite to the thannel, call'd the They draw lip ill a ring, in the midft of'EI,lIioll'! Bot, i~ the iOand of BujJi, inhabited by the which is the tomb of the deceas'd king,. king. Pllptls, whofe king is not very abfolute. made of reeds, and held up by feveral men, The fea is fo lhallow there, that a man WhD, dancing about, tofs it up, and he on may pars over to it without being wet above whom it falls is their king. --.I-,e mid· leg . This ifiand is about ten leagues Thefe ifiands.are very fruitful, though all Fmility. in \~ompafs , and has two PDrts, the one on over woody, bemg every where water'd with the: ' eaft fide, ,call'd Old P~~t ; the ot'her on feveral ftreams and rivulets, and producing the ,'il uth fide, named White StontJ Harbour, palm-wine, palm-oil and many other forts of refrelhments. CHAP. 10. ofNigritia, or North-Guil1ea. refrefl1tncnts. The country is all flat and The bell: road for lhips to ride before the BARnO'I". luw, only here and there fame hillocks and town of Bijfos, is jult oppoCtte to the parin1 ~ arable ridges at fome difianee from one ano- church, not above an EI'l{'ifh mile frol11 the 7:>< TOR • ther. -r:he foil is fa good, that any thing !hare, ouzy ground; but nearer the !hare grows WIth little labour, fa that there is is better anchorage, where fhips of lixty plenty of ri;e, honey, wax, Guinea-pepper, guns may ride (.,fe: the place by the Frwcb much valu d by the Barbary Moors. It is is caH'd Port BiJ1cou>I. al~<> well Ilol'd with all fom of beafis, as In the year 1686, the POl'tllgUtfo were Portu- ftags, f.1110w-deer, elephants, &c. aetua]] y ereeting a little fort there, to fe- guefc. The fea about them abounds in fiih of fe- cure their C01011 y, and hinder fhangers from veral kinds, and produces ambergris, which trading there, that they might engrofs it . the natives fometimes find on the fhore. all to themfelves, hav i"g obrain'd a grant Nllti'Vts. The natives are tall, but very lean, and of the king of the in,lnd, by mea ns of a fpeak no other language but their own I very conliderablc prelent [eht him by the but are a wild treacherous people, with king of Porlugal; but they had then only whom there was but little trading till of two pieces of cannon mounted, nnel a very late. In the year 1683, they mafTacred all inconliderable garrifon, It may be an eafy the crew of a Dutch !hip, who were gone matter to dif.1ppoint this defign of the Porfu- afhore, either upon necdIity, or to divert guefo, the fame way they work'd upon the thcmfelves, not fufpeeting the inhabitants to king of the Bijfos, if the French or Englijh be of fuch a bloody difpofition. Only a cab. fhould ofler as good, or a better prefent than bin.boy was preferv'd alive among them, and the Portllguefo did, which would doubtlefs afterwards ranfom'd by an Englifl; faetor of induce that black king to grant them the Gamboa, who ufed, from time to time, to fame privilege; if it were · thought conve- trade to thefe inands for fl aves , millet, poul- nient for promoting or fecuring the trade try, cattle, And parrots blue and g reen. there, or, at leaft, they might have leave to When ihips arrive at their ports, no perfons fettle in fome other place ncar it: for the are fuffcr'd to land, till the king has facri- Blacks in general are not pleas'd with this ficed a bullock; which done, any may go grant made to the Portllglufe, which excl udes afhore. all other Europeans from trading with their Bi(!'o, T he town of BijJos, in the illand d(J Blf- nation; and it is likely, things will not con- $~wn. flaux is very large, and almoft three leagues tinue fa long, thofe Blacks being great fiick- in length, becaufe of the many orchards and leI'S for liberty. plantations there are within it, belonging to There are feveral good harbours in this the Por/uguqe, who have there a colony of ifland, belides that I have mentioned. The The king. about an hundred and fifty families, with. a king's place is within half a league of it, convent of Recoll/s, and a parifh church; one parifh and one monaftery, as was faid trading thence to all the other inands of Blf- before. Several of the Portugu,Je inhabi- joJ, to Rio Nunncz, and Sierra Leolla, bring- tants are married to native bhc'1i: '.vomen ; ing thence naves, elephants teeth, fame gold- and many of the inhabitants are baptized, duft, &c. which they fell again to the Eu- and profefs the Roman Catbolick religion. ropeallJ who refa rt thither. They value a The king has his guarc\s, other foldiers, man-nave from twenty to thirty bars of iron, and many wives of different ages. He has according to the time and fcarcity. at leafi fifty canoes for war, each of them French The Frencb Senega company began in .capable of carrying thirty men; and two .f/Jat. 1685 to drive a trade here. and carry the or three times a year he fen.ds this fleet to following fortS of goods to barter for naves, make war on the Biofares, dwelling on the> elephants teeth, wax, &c. continent. The foldiers of thefe inands Iron bars, have no other weapons but a cutlace hang- Bugles of fundry [arts, ing to their arm. The BifJos have an open Coral, trade with the towns of Bolla and Cacheo. Yarn of divers colours, The town. of Bolla lies between the other Bolio Friz.e, tWO, and affords millet, cattle, and poultry. "'(I) •• Salala's or brafs' bafons, Every ihip, or brigantine, that Comes to 011';<1. Brafs kettles, BiJfos, or the neighbouring roads, is to pay Hats, the duty of anchorage, belides the cufioms, Yellow amber, which make a pare of that king's revenue. Pieces of eight, Mofi of the bees-wax purchafed at Bijfos, Knives, and many other kinds of haber- comes from Cacheo and Gera, a Portugueft daihery ware. colony and town feated above fj.fty leagues I£nglith. The Englijh have alfo a hand in the trade up the country, as before mentioned. .- of the BijJos, and will foon out-do the The cufiom of facrificing an ox at Blf/OJ , SACriji". French, becaufe of their nea.rnef~ at Gam- and other places along this coall:, to their boa. grea.t idol China, in the prefence of {,bm<;! one 88 A DefcriptitJlt ojthe Coafls BOOK [ BA'tBOT_ one of 'the !hip's crew, above 'hinted at, is in wood, after their manner, 01' elfe made ~ in heu of a folemn nffirmation, or oath; of a fort ofpafte, of the flows of millet, that they wiil not abufe or defraud the kneaded wirh blood, and mixed wirll hair firanO'er'; which ceremony is thus per- and feathers; and they have very m Ci ny of form~d: After the bullock is killed, the thefe idols. There are fifteen or fixrem pri~fi . drops fame of the blDod , on the of them in a hun near the door of the king'g firJnger's fhoes, and ,hangs up the horns or haufe, at Biffo j; and no man dartS touch feet ' on the Fetiche tree; and whofoever them, b~fides the prieCts, at rloe time oflo~" takes them down, fdrfeits an ox. ' fokmn facrifice, when they remove ,one or Habit_ The king of the Biffos drelfes himfelf more of them to the pLce appointed for much after the Porlt,gueJi: manner; but the that ceremony; and as foon as that is per- generality of the Blacks go quite naked, form'd, return the fame 10 \-happel or lodge, ha ving only a [mall ILl p of kid.~in, ~r~lf"d among the reft. By this iris eafy to ' per. and painted red, to cover their pnvmes, ceive what wretched grofs idolaters thefe tied aboL1 t their thighs, the ends fupported Biffo Blmks are. ' by a narrow ftrnp of leather; girt about , Thei r weapons are the fJme as thofe of Am" IIntl their wain. The women wear clothes much the Blacks at the river of SI. Dv'nillick, wars. like thofe of Cabo Verde. but not fa neat and handy. Tl:e natural HOIl'-, alJrI The hOllfes or hutts are in form like thofc courage and inttepidity of thele ilhnders, Jooi of Rio FreJL'o, and of the fame materi,1Is; renders them formidabk to their enemies Their llfull food is mi:Iet, boil'd With on the continent, with whom they are con- fowls, or beef, bananas, and figs, and their ti nually at YJri"nce, a nd fomttimes with drink palm-wine; _. the Portllguefe; for they are laid and inde- Grave>. Th:'y bury the dead fiandlOg upnght, fatigable in war, and formerly conquered making a deep pir, or grave, which they fix final! p rovinces on the m :,in, hringing fill up with feveral forts of provdlons, be- their advet faries fa low, as to oblige them fide the body. The funeral, of their dead to call in the Sralliarcis to their dliflance. kings are very much after the fame man ner, ' They ofte. n' go a priv;)tetrirg in their ·and with the Eline inhumanity, as I have arm'd c?~o~s, up the neighbOUring rivels. before dtfcrib'd in thofe of Guinala ; on ly: and once forc'd the king of Bigl:ba to ta ke with this difference at B jJos, as it was prac~ ,{helter in the thickdt of the forefls in his tired at rhe obfequies of a king not long counrry, to avoid their fury; whllll: they before the year 1686. They maffacred carry'd off great numbers of his fub- twenty-five or 'thi rty of rhe handf1J. points aforefa id. Almoll: in the midll: of freOl and good. The natives of it, thoi ijland. the channel, betweell the continent and not fo bold as the other iO,lndcrs, yet for Carache, is a ridge of rocks; but the lar- profit make incllrflon.~ into the neigl,bour- board fide l11 ull: be kept towards the con- ing countries, to take naves, whom the), , ;·.,nt, Il:ill founding in fix, feven, eight, fell to the Europealls. and nine filthom water. The great Felicbc's tree is ·in the midll: ofstrn"gl From the (aid three points, the courfe the IOand, being an ever·grcen, from whofc '''' is S E. for [even leagues, to point BIIJ/j, 'leaves they f.1Y water is continually drop- which runS far out into the fea. From point Pll1g, as has been long reported of fucll BI([Jj to that of Gllyalllbemi ESE. in from anothel' tree in the ifland Ferro , one of twdve to fifteen filthom, with good an- the Canaries I but this htll: has been dif- choring every wbere. This point of GIt)'tlm- proved by all perfons who have been on beall is not fo foul as that of BII!!)'. dlofe iO,lnds. The Blacks ado rn this tree The tides in there parts run nine hours, with abundance of poliOl'd horns; and it at two leagues dilhnce of the Lind, and is a high crime for any man to do the arc to be nicely obrerved; but efpecially lea ll: hurt to it. The petty k ing of the that which comes out of a fmall river ncar Ifland keeps fome elephants for his pleafure, BII.lJy point, there being three little low in a park made to that end. iOands at the mouth of it, where fome Oli ps Having direCted the cOLirfe to the BiJfo.r, have run a-ground, notwithll:anding there I will now add the courfe to depart thence is eighteen fathom water in fome places, at with thd fame fafcty, when bound for the a [mall dill:nnce from them. fYejl-JnclieJ, or for Ellrope. From Gllyambeall point is feen that of This mull: be cone by tiding it, for at everycOftrfi SI. Marlill, lying eight leagues to the eall:- turn of the tide, the fhip is to come to an/rom fhl ward; as alfo the iOand Carnch., with that anchor; one tide carrying her from the Bdros. caJl'd the little Papaga)" reckoned one of . road of BiJfos to St, Martin's point; an- the BiJfos. There is no coming within a other from thence to point GII)ambeall; a league of the Papaga) iOand, by reafon of third from this to that of Buj!y ; and a fOurtil a bank of fand nea r it, and Il:retching Ollt from Bllffy to the three iOands, or three call: and well:. SI . Marlill's point is alfo points. The tide fets N Wand S E. and very foul, for a league out at fea. At a fpecial care mull: be taken ro give each cape, league dilrance from point SI. Marlill, may point, or bank, a fuffi cient berth. be [een an iOand once as big as that call'd When you have broLight the three points IJIAnddas Paprlgay, known by the name of Ilha das to bear N E. or N E by E. then fl:eer Galin has . Galillhas, or the iOand of hens, lying ncar away WNW. boldly, by wh ich means the main land of BiJfos. The cOllTfe from you wi ll cl ear the banks of Carache, tho' St. Marlin's point to that iOand is N E. they run eighteen or twenty leagues ou t The name was given it by the Porl/(guc[e to fea , keeping in feven, eight, and ni ne from the vall: multitude of Pilliado hens fathom lVater, till YOLi come into fifteen. there is on it. If you defign for the Wejl-Indies, Olape There is a pa{['lge between this iOand your courfe due well:, as Coon as you lofe and the continent, but not fa fe, bec. ufe fight of CaraciJ, ; but if you are bOUrid vefTels may be drove aOhore by the (hong for Ellrope, fl:eer WNW. tides; and therefore it is better to pafs be- The tides out at fea, fomewhat di(tant tween the iOand das Galiuhas, and that of from thefe iOands, fet S W . At the be- the forcerers, bearing S E. from the road of ginning of May, when the fun is there in the town of BiJfos, and fo come to an an- the Zenilh, the wind being generally at chor at Biffis in [even fathom water. north, YOLi may Il:eer WNW. Sorcerers This iOanei of Sorcertrs is all over wood- Rio Grande, generally believ'd by all Rio ijlanJ. cd, and a FPointed by the natives for a travellers to be one of the fix known bran- Grande. great facrifice, which the king of the BiJfos chcs which convey the Nigt'1" inl o the /!llaIt- performs there in perfon every two years. tick ocean, and the mort louthcrly of them, Any Ohip may f.'lfely riJe at anchor ncar it. is fa little frequented by 1'.'1I1"0/,ealls, exccpt The iOanders of Caracbc and Cajegu are fome few Porlflgllr[c, [hat there can be! a treacherous, and confequently a jealous no particular and exaCt dtfcription of it people; perpetua ll y at war with their neigh- given. All we know in general is, that bou rs. Their king is one of the taJleft the mouth is very wide, and reaches far up men that can be feen. intp the country. The main reafon w;:,! The iOands between Cal'aciJe and Ca[cgu fo little known to fea-fanng people, IS Its are inhabited; but thofe of Papaga)' and being inhabited on both fides by wild; fa- Sarques are not, but all over wooded. .vage Bla,ks, little 'acquainted with tvade, VOL. V. A a wh" o BOOK BARBOT. who have' often inltllted fuch as have been everyone of them chufing his colour. , Thefe ~ forced to put in there, either for want of they fluke, and mix very well; and then provifions, or fome other accident. Befides, one appointed for the purpofe draws the the tide runs oU[ extremely rapid, and the · faid lots, by which it is decided ro whom entrance is' much encumber'd With fands the nave !hlll belong. This done, they and !hoals; and there is reafon to believe perform a ceremony on the !lave, thus: that fome !hips have peri!h'd there, and they take a hen, or pullet, and CUt off oth~rs been affaulted by the natives, who the head and both wings, which tltey ,:" wear long collars of old ropes about their . about his neck, and hang the maim'd body necks, which it is likely they have had of the hen over him, in fuch manner, that from fLith veffels as have been caft away, the blood may drop down on his head and or they have plunder'd. feet, . by which .ceremony they pretend to FernlOf, Some few leagues from the !hore, to conftitute him a !lave to the perfon on if/and. the fOllthward of this river's mouth, is a whom the lot fell. very fine the in.md, about ten leagues in . Thefe inanders go almoft naked, wear·· Tbdjl• •- comp:\fs; and therefore call'd Permo/a, that · ing only a fquare piece of black Spanijh lea_ dm. is, beau'tiful ; abounding in rice, but difli.- ther, hanging by a thong or rope about cult of accefs, by reafon of the fea's break- their waift, ro cover their privy parts; as ing on , its {hand, to the weftward: the alfo a little cap, or head-band, of the fame en,ft-flde faces feveral flnall iOands, which leather, which 'tis fuppofed they know how are near it, and the continent oppofite to to drefs, aft~r the Spanijh way, or elfe it them. I t is a proper place to be fupply'd is fold them by the Portugueje trading to with ri,e, bullocks, poultry, water and Rio Grande. They have no other weapons, fewel; but the inhabitants are very rtl,9.e but bows and arrows, and long javelins, to ftrangers, fo that there is no ventt}ting and a~~ covetous of brandy , iron bars, knives, afhore, 'as I have been informed by ' fome mufquets, powder, and ball; all which they French men of my acqllaintance, w~o have get from. the Europeans, conftanrly trading been there of late, 111 much want of pro- at ,the Biffos, where they have refidences_ vifions, when the iOanders. attack~ their Hence it is they are fo apt to affault ftrangers, boat, ard took two of theIr men, caft.i.~g who chane;: to come to their inand; becau(e 'lots ro decide whofe naves they fhould be: when they have got and m:lde any of them but the ' mafter 'of the veffel at length pre- !laves, they at one time OF other carry them 'vail'd with the king, who "feem'd, to be to the Biffol, and there get fuch European fomewhat more clviliz'd than the reft of the goods as they like for their ranfom. Thefe Biach, to have tHem reftor'd, after fending faY', that the Blacks inhabiting on the other fome goods for their ranfom. fide of Rio Grande, are more 'wild and cruef Way'f,afl" Their way of cafting lots, ' up~m this oc- to ftrangers than themfelves; for they will inK l,tJ. caflon, is fomewhat remarkable; they put fcarce releafe a white man upon any eondi- in to a gourd, or cup, as many fmall bits of tion what[oever, but will fooner or later 'cicth, of feveral colours, as there are Blackl, murder, and perhaps devour them. C HAP. XI. Of "the ri:vers Niger and Nile, the ancient ana modern accounts of them and their flurces~ The gold trade, and elephants teeth. I T will not; I believe, be ' unacceptable of the emperor of AbijJinia, on the 2 I ft of to the reader, in this place, to give April, in the year 1618; but I will firft fome account of the fource of the rivers fpeak of the Niger. Nile and Niger, erroneouOy taken for the fam e, and fo little known in former ages: The N I OER for notwith lbnding all the induftry ufed I S the moft confiderable river through- Diffm., to (Heover the fprin'gs of Nile, whatCoever out the coutmy of Nigritia, or the land 'pini,m the ancients wri t concerning it, was either of the ,Blacks. The Arabs at this time call itab,u"" abColntely falCe, or uncertain. Hued Niger; and fome take it for the A/naga Sefoftns and Ptolemy Pbiladelphus, kings of Pliny, pretending that the river Gamboa o~ Egyp!" Call1bjies, Alexallder the grea~, is the true channel which conveys it into 'jidius ere/ar, Nero, and many other mo- the ' ocean, and .urging, that the rivers Se- _.ri'rehs fpared. neither coll:, nor labour, to nega 'and Grande are only branches of the clfcover tl1e courfe of the Nile, without: any Gamboa. Others will have Rio Grallde to ·fqc,cefs. Thefe .latter 'ages have dif'tug'ttje {hve above 111enrinned has af- try which produce it, or elfe wan1'd <;Iown firmed; belides the confiderable numbers of by the prodigious heavy rains wh ich fall, them the Blacks ca rry down [0 the fea- for three months, with lillIe or no inter- coans of Nigrilia and South G";JICa, to, traf- million, on the vaf\: hills and mountains of fick with the EuropeanJ; but moaly at the Nigritia, on both fi-des of the Niger, where firll: of thofe places, for ivO!:y grows daily the excellive hea t of the fun produces g reat [carcer in Scuth Guillea. plenty of gold, The fmallef.1: of it" ca Wd The elephants teed, are mof.1: of them Elep(,nnlJ gold-duf\:, is carry'd down by t~e floods pick'd up in the woods and fnrcas, where""'" into the Niger, and there taken out of the thofe creatures ufually keep; but many of channel among the fand. them are alfo kill'd by the M oon and A Portugl/eft, who had been a flaye BlackJ, for the fake of their teeth. How- eighteen years among the MoorJ inhabiting ever, the elepha)lts either ca ll: their Leeth, a country near that river, has alfur'd me, as aags do their horns, or elfe they ~re that gold is fa common there, as to be p.4t fou nd afte r they are dead, and their bodies to the meanelt ufes, and not fa much va- confumed. lued as iron, weight for weight. This makes I have met with a perfon of learning, good what Sir 'I'h01llaJ More fays in his who thinks it a vulgar error to call them Utopia, that iron is preferable to gold, as teeth; fince it is beyond C\i fpme, th il t .they more proper for all ufes, 11t jine quo, 11M grow Ollt from the nzull of the bea fl, and magis quam jine iglle, atque aqua , vivcre mor- not from the j aws, and that only the taleJ queant. males have them, which do not ferve to Gold About two hundred years ago, the fa- cat with; and therefore he thinks it wou ld trade. mous place for the gold trade was cape be proper to cal) the;n elephants horns, Verde, and the adjacent parts; it being or· weapons. . brought down thither by the Moon from C HAP. X II. The refl of the eoajt, as far as Sierra Leona; Rio das Pedras, and others: The iJlands dos Idolos, ,(ye. coafl only I Left the defcription of the coaf\: of Ni- of it; being frequented by none but the freq"tnttd Kritia at Rio Grande and Biguba. The Portuguefe of Cacheo, and other adj~cenc by POfi tract of land between this river and that colonies of that nation In N,grtlta, drrvmg tuguo e. of Sierra Leona, in ancient geography the a coaJhng trade thither in floops and bark-; - Sophuca:; .tEthiopeJ, affords little to be [.,id cOrn:Jmencing at O/nalm, fouth of Rio Grande. VOL. V. Bb Thence 94 A Defcriptiol~ of the Coafls BOOKl. . IlARBOT. Thence they proceed to Corva de GaJPar This is fome notion of thofe ignorant cre- ~ Lopez; Rio de Nunf.j '1riftao; '1erra de dulous people, fcarce worth mentioning any Benor, which is .~ large bay; Cabo Verga, otherwife, than as it {hows what fome men Os tres Morr~', 1<.io dtls Pedras, Rio de Car- will b~lieve. pote, at the :ntranc(! into which two rivers, The four i/lands, by the Pottuguefe cal~ [JlonJ, doi .there. are fome i/lands, and the two rivers led llhas dos Jd%s, that is, of idols, from Idolo,. ' meet at fea, being before feparated only the many they found on them, by the by f. cape, Rio de Caducbe, Pougama, and natives Veu uf vitay, and by others 'Ia· Rio Caluma. Thefe three laft lofe them- mara, are at a fmall diltance from the felves in a large bay, WSW. from which continent, near cape Camnekon, or Sagres. off at fea, lie the four i/lands called /dolos, They are fcarce to be difcern'd from the Ponta de Coaco, Mota de '1azao, Arala, oppolite continent at N E by E; but at Rio Primeiro,; ~hefe four alfo falling into NNE. they feem to be at a good dif1:ance, one bay, and'ferving for a good land-mark, and all over wooded. They afford plenty coming from the N W. a long 'narrow offeveral forts of provilions, and very good i/land, lying with thl: coaft, from Mata de toba,cco, which the Portuguefe fetch in ex- 'Iazao, to the north point of this bay of change for brandy and fait; bQ(h which Barra de Bacre. Next follows Barra de commodities are highly valu'd by the COill, oppolite to which alfo is a long nar- iIlanders, who furnifh for them, belides pro- row ifland off at fea; Rio de Cafes, or Cafee!, vilions, large elephants teeth, and aold- with another river to the fouth,ealt, with- dult. The natives are crafty dec~itful out a name, both of them running om dealers, and will not fuffer any Dutch to into a deep bay; on the fouth point of land on their i/lanw, ever lince that nation which, lies the i/land dos Papagayos, or of formerly kidnapp'd, or ftole away fome of parrots ; and farther again to the fouth- theIr people. ward, cape Pau/ou, which is the northern . T~e largeft of thefe i/lands lies exaCtly' head of the bay of Sierra Leona, and the 10 nIne degrees, forty minutes of north- fartheft extent fouthward of the coaft of latitude, and is higher than any of the Nigritia. others; we ~ail'd by them at about five Eng~ . The fea-coaft from cape Verga, by the an- lifo mdes dlitance, for cape'Iagrin, found- CIents calledCatbarumPromontorium, toSierra ing all the way, and itruck fourteen, fifteen, Leona, -lies S E by E. fomewhat inclining and twenty fathom, uneven ground and ~o .the. eaft, as far as cape 'Iagril/, which ouzy, mix'd with fmall fhells. ' IS In elg?t degrees, thirty.lix minutes of From the i/lands dos Id%s, to the afore- north latItude, cm by feveral rivers which fald cape 'Iagrin, the courfe is moltly fouth, fall into the ocean; the banks whereof are a linall matter inclining to eaft. very agreeably fhaded with orange ' and There is a tradition, that this traCt of lemon-trees, belides being befet with vil- land, from cape f/erga, to the north-fide of lages and hamlets, all which renders the SIerra Leona river, which is the utmolt ex- profpeCt very delightful. Moft of the ri- tent of Nigritia to the fomhward, was for- vers are alfo deep and navigable, but their merly fubjeCt to a king called Fatima, re- ~reams very rapid. The inland country liding up the inland, and ruling over fe- IS very mountaInOus. veral petty kings his valfals and tribu· Rio d.s Rio das Pedras, to the fouthward of cape taries; among whom were 'Iemjifa, 'Ieem- Pedr.s. Verga, glIdes down from a great wa y up the ferta and one Don Miguel, converted [0 country, dividedinro feveral branches form- chriltianity, and baptized by a Porltiguefe ing divers i/lands in this land, which '(he na- Jefult mlffioner, called Barreira, about the tives call Kagakais, where the Portuguefe have year 1607. a colony, fecured by a li(tle fort, called The tide at fea, from cape Verde, to St. Philip. that of 'Iagrin, along the coalt of Nigri- Rio das Ca/as or Cafpar, and Rio 'Iomba- tia, [ets N W. and S E. as in (he Britifb jine, this the leaft of the two, flow from the channel. mountains of Machama/a, which CJlay be What I am to fpeak of, in [he next place, e~lily feen in clear weather, at fome leagues I'elates to the kingdom of Sierra Leontl, ~hltance from the coall:, in failing by, itand- where Guinea, properly fo called, com- Ing to tne fouthward from cape Ledo or '1a- mences fome leagues to the northward or" grin. that river; and the name of the ocean is Ie is reported, that on or about thefe chang'd from that of Atlantick into that of mountains, Hands a high rock of fine criftal Ethiopick, abouc cape 'Iagrin, according to . of a pyramld,al form, but con lilting of fe- (he exaCteft modern geographer!; which '-' yeral pyramIds one above another none lall: name it retains as far as cape Negro, in of them touching the ground; which if fix teen degrees of fouth latitude. lIghtly touched, do give a mighty found. What CfIAP.12. of Nigritia, or North-Guinea. What I [hall ray of the produCl: of the of Nigrilia, lying betwixt cape Verga and the D ARDO-r. land, manners of the natives and relig ion river Mitomba, or of Sierra L eO/ill, which ~ profefs'd in the country of Sierra L eona, !hall conclude this book of the coafl:s of may be applied in all thore particulars to North-Guinea. the territories and inhabitants of that purt The END of the FIR S T Boo K. A I I I I .~ .. . .. '.J- rlj~~() >'_~ ,, . A OFT H E Coafis of South-Guinea, OR G U 1 N E A, properly fo called· Commencing at Sierra Leona river, and ending at Rio de Fernan Vaz, to the fouthward of cape Lope Gonzalez. With an account of the feveral Wands in the gulph of Cui1tea, by the Englijh commonly called the Bigbt. BOOI( II. C. HAP. I; J. "Defeription of Sierra Leona; the feveral kingdoms. Mitomba /'t:ver; European fa8ories. The natives, prodttff, beajis, birds, fijb, &c. THES IERRA LEONA. cannot fafely pretend to allign the limits of BARHOT. kingdom of Sierra L eolla, t~is country of Sierra Leol.'tI, ?s being alto- ,~ whether It be taken for the whole gether unknown to any Europeans. It. will f,"f'1l'1J" dfo country 1. 0 generaI, or on I y Iio r the be fullicient to obferve, ~ha t fam e modern . fomit part of the bay or I iver of Mltomba, geographers extend it to· cape VerJ'.a before Iud this name given it by the POyttiguefe mentioned, northward, makinQ" it to bor- and Spaniards, from the roaring noife of der on the kingdom of Melli that way, Wolves beating in itormy weather lIpon the and to depend on it ; eaftward to that of itony DlOres and rocks, running all the BitoUI1, which joins on the NE. with that ·length of it, which at a diftance is not of Mandinga; fouthwoud to that of the unlike the roaring of lions; or elfe from Ii0ojas, Ca-rrodoboll , Dogo, and Conde; and the va!\: numbers of thofe fierce creatures weftward to the .I1tlamick and Ethiopick living on the high mountains of Bourre and ocean. 'I'imna, on the fouth-fide of the river· However it is as to the limits, that I"h ••P Sierra iq Spanijh fignifying a mountain, and conntry is inhabited by twO diftinCl: nations, t.nts. - L eolla a lionefs ; whence fome call them the called the Old-Capez and the CZl1Jlbas-}Ylanez : mountains of the lions. the fi rft of them reckoned the beft and lIS 'x'ent. N othing being more uncertain than the moft polite people of all Nigritia; the lat- extent and dimenfions of wild [wage coun- ter daring, reftlefs, rude, and unpoliD1ed, tries, where the natives are ftupid, igno- being man eaters, as the word Manez, de- rant, and utter ftrangers to geography; I notes, in their language. The POriliguefc 3 at CHAP, I. Of the CoaJls ~f South-Guinea. 97 at COllgo and Allgo/a, reckon thefe to be of felves, they parted, and rn:\de war with one SA ItoW'·. the ftulle race wito the barbarous ]ogos and another. One John '['bolnas, "Black of~ GlI/aI, inhabi ti ng the country ENE. from abou t feventy years of age, of whom I fl):tll COllgo, who have long been the terror have occafion to (peak hereafler, al the tinw of many negro-nations in Africa, having of my coming tbirher, waS the YOllnge11: ; committed mo11: unheard-of inhumanities and had for his patrimony the village 'fom- from the beginning of toe lafl: century to by, lying four leagues up the bay, by the tois time; and all of them generally fup- H·ench . call'd Baye de I ';'ollce, and about a pofed to proceed from the na tion of the league above the village BagoI, near which Ga/al Nlolloll, living far up the inland of the there are feverallarge tall trees. The Eng- ri ver Sej/ro. lifo, for the mo11: part, anchor before '['0111- BMb.'OIli Thde two nations above mentioned, have by, which is on the fOllth-fide of the river, Cumbas, been continually at war, like implacable and neareR to their fettlcl11cnt. 1:::'f~:: enemies, fince lirfi the Gumba! Mauez came There are other geographers, who wi ll Vnri'"J ,. P'" down, about toe year of our redemption have the country and kingdom of SiCl:at~:;:I): ­ 1505, from a very dil\:ant country up the L ealia to commence at cape Verga aforef.~ld, ,xt.nt of land, and alfau lted the Capez, then the na- and to extend no farther fOllthward than cape Sima tural ancient inhabitants, defigning to plun- '['agrill, and reckon it as part of the kingdom Leona. der and defl:roy toe country, and carry off of Melli . Others again confine it between the natives, to fell toem to the Por/I/guefe, the river Mitomba, on the north, and that then newl y fetrled in thofe parts of Africa; of Serbera on the fouth, placing a town they and they aCtually did feize and fell great call COllcho about the center of the inland numbers of thofe poor people. Then ob- country; but thefe controverfies are not very ferving the goodhefs and fertility of the material. country, they refolv'd to fettle there; and The north parts of this ri ver Mitolllba, Boulm the better to fucceed in their defign, conti- from the point of the bay or mouth kingdom. nu'd to carryon a cruel and bloody war weltward, and up the bank, are fubjeCl: with the civilized Capez, every where per- to two petty kings, to him of BOllrre on feeuting and devouring many of thofe they the fouth, and to him of Boulm to the took prifoners. The Capez feeing toem- north ; this iafl: in my time was call'd AIl- fel ves reduced to fuch di11:refs, took heart, tonio B01llbo. The former commonly re- and made fuch vigorous oppofition, that fides at the village Bourre, which confi11:s their barbarous enemies have not yet been of about three hundred huts or cabbins, able to bring about their wicked defigns, and five hundred inhabitants, befides women Thus both nations fiill keep footing in the and children. The Por/tlguefe miOionaries country, and the war continues to this day, formerly made fome converts at BOltilll, a- with the de11:rut1ion of great numbers on mong whom was the king; and they fiiH both fides; e(peciall y of the Capez, many of continue to fend miOionaries thither, from whom, tired out witb fo many hardfhips and time to time. The word Boulm, in the I~n- fufferings, chofe rathe r voluntarily ' to fell guage of the country, fignifies low-land; themfelves for Oaves to the Portuguefe, and others pronounce it Bolem and Bouloll1l_ . than to hazard falling fooner' or later into The coa11:, on the fide of Boulm, is low and the hands of thofe man-eaters This enmity flat, in comparifon of the oppofi te fhore of continu'c! hot among them in the year ,678, Bourre or '['illllla; near which, are thofe when firlt I went into that river, and (aw famous mountains of Sierra Leona, being a the preparation5 made by the Cumbal Ma- long ridge, and reckon'd the oighe11: of either J1eZ to give their enemies a warm reception, North or South· Guinea, except thore of Ambo·· as I fhall obferve hereafter; tho' I was in- feI, in the gulph or bight. There are fo many Gmt form'd rhe war was not carry'd on with fuch caves and dens about toefe mountains, that .,h,. inhumanity as formerly, the CU1llhas begin- when a fingle gun is fired aboard a fhip in ning to grow fo~ewhat more civilized and the bay, the echo is fo often and fo diltinCl:- peaceable than their forefathers, by trading ly repeated, as makes it found, to perfons at with the Europeam, but 11:ill wild and bru- a dif\:ance, like the report of feveral guns, tifh enough. the clap being fo loud and fmart, which 7;left perfons of the country, Narrow bands of filk Il:uffs, or worfled, whom they cn ll Solate/qui ... about half-yard broad, for women, ufed ~he contending panics are call'd in, wi,h L.",y"' . about t heir waifts. thetr counfe! or advocates; men who un- L':6:lag" MoIl: of the Blncks about the bay fpeak derftand and ftudy the conil:itlltions of the f!J:,~:~ ~ither Porlllgllefe~ or Lingua Frallca, which country, nnel plead their caure, either civi l IS a g reat conventence to the EuropemlJ who or crimin31: which being heard, the king come hither, and fom e alro unclcrftand a takes the opinion of his Solate/qllis, and ac- little EngliJI) or Dutch. The comnlon lan- cordingly pronounces the fentence detini- guage of the country, is the dialect of Boulm, tively, which he orders to be executed in a hard, unpleafing tongue to fhangers, his own prefencc. In cafe of crimes, tho' very difficult to be defcribed. I had, how- ever fo finall, the conviCled criminal is ever, collected fome of the ordinary com- banifh'd the country. mon words and phrafes, but have fince One thing very Hngular in this court, miflaid it. is, that the 'i'YOCIIS, or advocates, cannot NOI.ofth, It is to be obferv'd, that I do not exact ly plead any caufe bef0re the king, without .",hor·s follow the order .of defcription; I take hereJ being mark'd, having fnappers in thoir "",hod, and there, as it comes to mind, fuch remarks hands, fmall brafs bells at their legs, and or obfervations of things, as feem to me a forr of frock 011 their bodies, adorned the moft Hngular and ufeful, and which are with variety of birds fc;athers, which makC l' The country is very fertile in rice, _and a- trance of Rio das Galinbas very exaCtly. bounds in all the fame kinds of plants and The tide runs very fwift to N E. along animals I mention'd to be in the inand Ger- this coall:, where it blows, for the moll: bera and adjacent places, and is alfo very part; a very frefh gale from the S W. but populous. The Blacks commonly iwear a much more at the time of the high [eafon; frock of ll:riped cailico, as do alro thofe in fo that it is very difficult to ply at wind- Gerberainand,havingallthefamecultomsand ward,. ~fpecial1y about cape Monte, becaLlfe manners. The town is behind a large wood, of the · fhoals, or oar, that ll:retches thence and cannot be feen from the road; but the out into the fea, which breaks upon it in inhabitants come out in canoes aboard [hips [llch manner, thar it is very troublefome riding ther~ and bring plantains, palm~ and hazardous for boats to land [here. In [he 108 A De/cription if the. BOOK ,II. BARBoT.the fummer-feafon, it is not fo bad, ,nor King Flambourre had alfo another village 'V"y"I difficult; for then there are two ~or~s of over-againft that of Jerboefaja. From this winds, one of the land,. from mIdnIght, there is a road through the woods to 1el'a till abom ten in the mornmg; the other of Balli/a, at three leagues diftance, towards the fea, from ten in the morning, to ~id- the fea-fide, 'belonging to the eldeft of the nio-ht. . " king's fons. . . ":The _w inter-feafon at, this coaft, , fr~m The coaft between Rio Mavah, and RitJ Sierra Leona to cape das Palm~s, be~ms Maguiba, is befet with fimdry villages and in May, and ends in October; durmg whICh hamlets, where the Negroes make , abun- time; there are frequent heavy. tornados dance of [aIr, from /ea-water, from the NW. with perpetual ternblethun- del' and hio-h winds, efpecially in June and CAP E M ,o N T E, Jul;, when °the fun is in the Zenith, with AS the draught fhews very exacl:!y, is PLATE r.: dark gloomy days, infpiring horrour and . a ~ead of ma~y hills, or rather moun- dread. tains, fet one upon the other, all cover'd Rio Maguiba, next to Rio das Gatinhas, with trees, running out to rea between the has a bar athwart the mouth, which makes river Mavah at weft, and Rio Plyzoge at it impracticable for large fhips. The Por- eaft, under feven degrees, fix minutes north Ittguefe call. it Rio Nunnes? or R,io N~vo, and latitude. A very proper place for ihips traded in It formerly WIth bngantmes, as that come from Europe directly, for South- did the French; but now the EngliJh have Guinea, to make land" it being [0 remark, the moft trade there, in elephants teeth, able, and [een from eight or ten leagues at [ailing it up to the village Dova Rouja, [ea. The name of Cabo Monte was given where the river is very wide; but farther by the Portuguefe, from the mountains it is up:tis choak'd wi~h rocks and falls; it then formed of. The Negroes call it Wa./h Congo. winds to the eaft. ' " It is, [een at feveral leagues diftance from The coaft from Galinhas to cape Monte rea, ihewing itfelf like an ifiand, in the extends ES E. is furnifh'd with [undry vil- form of a faddle; the coaft at weft and lages, and is low and flat. ' The river Ma- eaft of it being very flat and low; in re~ 'Vah, or Maffa/;; having its [ouree in the fpeC\: of that of the cape. The beft road mountains, about thirty leagues inland, near fot large fhips is to the weft of the' cape. the country of the people 'Calv); an,! run, , in tWelve fathom water, fandy ground, anc\ ning in a large and deep channel through at about two EngliJh miles from the fhore. Dauwala country, about a league on the over-againft the three fmall villages, at north. fide of cape Monte, is fo choak'd rome di!1:ance inland, eaeh of about ten with fands, that it never enters the rea ·a- or twelve huttS, well peopled. The inha- bove once a year, at theti)1le of' its over- bitants flock to thefhore as foon as they flowing, by reafon of'the great rains of the hear of any ftrangers landing, to make high fea[on,near to cape, Monte, at W. them welcome, at their houfes or hutts, with. , Before the conqueft of the Folgim, this palm-wine, and other things. The'Negroes river was inhabited along the fides , by the here are very courteous, fome underftanding Puymonou people, their king Flambourre a linl\! Portuglufe; of which nation, fome commonly refiding at the village Jeg Wonga; trade there now and then for ' elephants on the weft- fide, and about a, league' and teeth, in. the good feafon, tho' the Holland a half from the rea, after he ' had quitted and Zeeland interlopers have the greateft the town of 'fomwy, at cape Monte,. to the fhare of it. 5f0ojas: but at pre[ent this king of the The accefs to the ftrand here is pretty Folgias lives on the inland ifiand, in the eafy for pinnaces or canoes; and being come lake of Plyzoge, the better, to fecure .him- afhore, you enter upon a plain, every [elf from the infults of the Dogos; which where b~fet with green bufl1cs, the leaves are at war with him.. of them refembling our bay-tree; and with The town Fochoo is on the other fide th'e fome palm-trees fcatter'd here and there, river, oppofite to 1rg Wonga, where Flam- which looks very plea(,~nt. The profpeCl: b01lrre alfo liv'd f0r a time, when threatned on the fouth . is limited by the mountainous to be attack'd by the Fo/gias. Two leagues cape, and on the north, by . a river, ill farther up, on the ' fame ' fide; is the vil- which is ' a well-fhaded ifiand, and a large lage Figgia, formerly the refidence ,of one wood. On the eaft you have large meadows, Figgi, a brother to Flambo'urre. Two leagues and pafture-grounds, as 'far as can be feen, above Figgia, on the fouth-fide, is that of in which they keep their' horfes, goats, and. Kammagoeja, and that of Jerboefaja; 'an-' iheep; but have no cows, nor kine, nor other league beyond this laft, the refidence hogs, nor much poultry; and what few of a notable man of the ~ojas, who . then chickens' they have, are very good and lorded the country about, before it was [weet, altho' not much bigger than tame fubject to theFolgias; '-- pigeons here. Th~[e low grounds are cut • i ~~ CHAP. 3. Coafts of SOUTH-,GUiNEA; through by fundry fmall rivulets, by means from Cabo MOIlle, about eight leagues ESE, BARno.,., whereof the natives of the cape have a flowing from the land of Hondos, its native ~ free communication with thofe of the in- country, and winding downwards to the land country; fo that it 'may well be f.1id, fea, in "a very fine channel; but fo full of the landIkip hereabouts is extremely plea- falls and fhoals, "a nd fo choak'd by the fant and delightful. bar at the mouth r that it's quite impra€ti- InJ"f/r;"" The Blacks here nre very induftrious; cable for the f malldl: veifels. Blacks" fome employ themfelves in fiOling with nets It produces abundance of cam-wood all , in the lake, and rivers, which abound in along the lid~s. On a branch of this river good fin, of fundry fpecies, as well as the are the two large villages of Flamy Ha11laja, fea-coaft; others aE.ply themfelves to tra- and Flflllly Lega)a, two le~gues di!l:ant from ding, planting rice, &c. and all of them in each other; which, with the ruins of fome general in boiling f.11t for their king, whofe other villages, to be fcen in the country of ilaves they account themfelves. '["Otllvy, and in that about cape Monte, in- norJ. ,.- Formerly this was a place of good trade duces me to bel ieve it Was formerly very ca/d, for elephants teeth, the upland country be- well inhabited, the country every where ing richly fl:ored with elephants; but in pro- being fo pleafant and fo very fcrcile. cds of time has been fo much exhau!l:ed, , The coafl: from Cabo MOille, to Rio S. Rio dc S" that very often there are few" or none at Pllolo, fl:retches S E by E. flat, 101'1,"a nd all P,old, all, fo great has been the concourfe of Eu- over wood)" From Rio Paolo to ca.pe ropealls to traffick here, In thofe days, Nlt.jurflci.o, it bends in fuch a manner, that when the elephants teeth were fo plenty, from a certain dilhnte at fea, the cape it was a rule among the Negroes, as loon as fhews like a high inand in the ocean, tiley fpy'd a fail coming from the weft, to Little fhips anchor here at about half a make a fmoke on land, to lignify they had league from the fmall river Duro; in lixlcen large parcels of teeth ready at hand. But f.~thom; and tall fhips at three quarters of a now-a-days, tho' they often ufe the fame " league out, fandy ground. fignal, it frequently proves to be only" the , Cape Mefilrado is about ten or eleven Cap_ Me- inclination they have to fee white men there, leagues diflant fronl' cape Monte, but not furado. in hopes to get fome fmall token or other fo very high lanel, tho' it's a lofty promon- PLAT' f' of them, if rhey can prevail. tory, running much farther out to fea fouth- I fhall not here defcribe their apparel, ward "than Monle. It ,had this name from manners, cuitoms, &c. referring it to the the POrlllgueje, and, as fome pretend, on ' defcription hereafter to be made of the in- occaflOn of a /hip of that nation cafl: away land countries fror:n Cerbera to Rio Seftro ; near the little river Duro, which has a ridge " my buIinefs being at prefent to defcribe the of fhoals out at fea: the men of that Ihip fea-coafl:s, as far as Sejfro, to avoid confu- fwimming aIhore, were a{fau lted by lhe lion: befides, that it is much the fame fort N egroes, which made the Por/tlgueje cry for of people, and undoubtedl y the cufl:oms, quarter, uGng the word Mifericordia , from and manners alike every where, I fhall which, by corruption, Mefitrado, only obferve, that the king of MOllte is The Blacks here are not fo ll'ac8:able 3S faid to have feveral hundred wives and Con- thofe of cape MoMe ; and 'tis the f"reft way cubines, by whom he has many fons and to be always upon one's guard with them; PrDdufi daughters, That the product of the land and not to go aO,ore, but in armed boars. It"" conlifl:s in abundance of rice, and a fmall Th~ir uncivil behaviou r towards fl:rangers quantity of)am,wes, pOlalos, maiz, (or II/dian has, fro"m time to time, put fonk Euro- carll) bananas, ananas, and another fruit peans upon ravaging the coun try, defl:l'oying call'd paquovers. their canoes, and carrying off' fOl11e of their Plyzoge The river Plyzoge, to the eafl:ward of this people into captivity, which has occ;llioned Q?JM,vahcape, has its fource in the territories of ill blood in them; and infl:ead of changing rivers. I? What I have faid of their ill·miture to- of the carangues filli, which they ufua'lly' nD! fo bad wards Eliropeans, muft not; ' however, be catch with drag-nets. j.~;:r'· underftood to extend to itll foreigners, bue The talIeft fuips may with fafety fail . o'nly to trydf~ of the fame nation from whom round ca pe Me/tirado, at One league diftance they have been injured; ' for to others wh,b frOft! lhore. The ride athwart df the capel have had no broils with them, they are CI- runs fouth fouth~wtft and fouth; and eacit , viI and kind wough. and eaft fouth-eaft when yOU are paft the To this"purpofe I cannot but abferve; cape, half a league an hour wirhout fails. that if the ,Negroes be general! y crafty ;!ind The coaft ,from cape Mefutado, to RiocoaJl be- treacherous, it may well be faid, the Eu- Junk, ftretches eaft about twdve leaglles;tw"""p. ropeollS hav~ not dealt with them as becomes the land fometimes low, and fometimes hiah tvkdfurado D 'an RIO Chrijlians: for it is too well known, that all woody.. The b.eft mark, to k?ow the Junk. many of nhe European nations, trading a-' entrance of Junk, IS three hIgh hIlls, ap- mongft thefe people, have very unjuftl y and pearing at fome diftance up the land; the PUTE f inliumanly, without any provocation, Holel! laft of which , is a little to the eafiward, away, from time to time, abundance of when you have the river at north. Another the people, not only on this €oaft, but al- mark, is three high trees at the poInt, which moll: every where in Guima, when they appear above all the woods, fpreading the came aboard their lhips in a harmlefs and ' whole coaft over, the lands within fliewing confiding manner, carried gre~t ' numbers flat, and doubled, ex.ept the three hills a- away to the plantations, and there fold them ' bove mentioned. with the other !laves they had purchafed ' About a league to thtl eafl'ward of RiIJ for their goods. ' ' 'Junk, are two , large white cliffS, lhowing ·Neither ought we fo ulUch to admire, at a prmy diftance wefterly, like fails, fetv': that thofe who live afh0l'e {hould be re- ing alfo as a mark ·to find out fM 'river'g vengeful, or jealous of fuch Europeans as: mouth,. ' which is pretty wid@, but lhallow never did, nor intend to praCtife filCh un-' water; the ground two leagues from fuore juft bnfenefs, the innocent being forrietirnes is muddy, with tWllney-two fathom warer. {ubjeCt to fruffer for the guilty: for bating The tide fets, between Mefurado and 'Jullk; fuch acC'idents, thefe Blacksal'e civil enough fometimes north, fometimes at weft, and to ftrangers, efpecially the women, who are at other times fouth-eaft here handfome, very complaifant, and ready The coaft 'about the mouth of the Junk to proftitnte themfelves for a very !lender is garni!ll'd with palm, orange, a:nd lemmon- gain, The men are lazy, contenting them- trees; and -the banks on either fide are alfo lelves with a little rradc, and leave all the adorned with fine pleal;mtwoods, which ref[ to their ' wives to do. reNders the profpeCt delightful. Tne' country affords much the fame forts It abounds in palm-wilie'~ chickens, and of plarlts,' fruits, cattle, and animals, as that cam·wood. The Englijh have near all the of cape Monte; and particularly' abounds in trade of this river to themfelves. The vil- excellent palm.wine, with which they 0ften lage of the Negroes is about half a league up make themfelves very merry and drunk. it. The Europeans, paying ' a {illall cuftorn The river Paolo, ~hich I have already of brandy and mercery wares, to the com- faid enters the fea nonh·weft, about two maJ;lder, are allow'd to fet up 10dges in the leagues from cape Nie/urado, after having wood, with fails, or planks, or boughs, to run fome miles ,to the northward, "tUrns ferve as 'a warehoufe to trade ,in . Some of thence eaftward to Rio 'Junk. The Blacks the natives fpeak broken Dutcb, and Por- [;, y they pafs daily in their canoes to 'Rio lugl/eft. They talk '1011cl and haitil y, and Seftro, . along the faid rivers, carrying feve- are generally r0ugh a'nd wildiih in their ral dungs of the prodtlcfr , of their lands, manners. T hey are cl0thed like the 'orller efpecially elephants teeth, when they ,have Neg/ws of this country, bm wear a flat no ~rade ,for them at home; Seftro be-ihg a bonnet, 'or 'cap, 'lil~e thwt u[ed 'by the High- pl~ce to which a much ' greater number of landers of Seo/Nmd; and never itep out of ihlps teforts to wood and water, as well as their h01'1f,s w'ithout their afi'agaia's, or jave- to trade, than any other 'on this coaft . lins, fcymeters, ,boWs and arrows.' Every [tio Paolo. This river is navigable for boats and one of thein that trades wit'h Europeans will canoes only in tbe rainy times, having five always, have his D'aJlj', or prefent, before he or fix foot water at the mouth: for at other buys the leaft thing; which is no fmall times, in the good feafoll, it relRains al- change and inconveniency. The Portttgtreft moft dry, the nue channel of the river be- fay, there is gold in this river. ing fcaree eighteen or twenty foot wide. I Some CHAP, 4. Coajls Of S a,v IJ"H-Q U I N E A. Arvoredo S()me few leagues Within Rio Jllnk, is an- r;'Uer. cer'n"ible from fea, by the point that rlJn~ BARQo'r, other river, call'd by the Pdrtllgll&j8 ''Rio ' fome fuch quills as big as a large goofe-quill ; and before I could come to its relief, the 'tis exactly the fame as the Zaeta of Barbary, civet-cat had catch'd it by the head, and the flelh is reckoned good food by the fnapt it off with irs teeth. I.alfo obferv'd Blacks. . \ in this animal, that it ne.ver eafed nature, H ere is a kind of roe-bucks fo .tame, but in the remotefr corner of its cage. that they feed in the very towns or villages. The befr food for tbe civet-cat, is raw C ..m ,/eon. The camekons, call'd Donlfoe, are much flefh and entrails of poultry, birds, and efreem'd ; the na~ives will not allow them to animals, efpecially for fuch as are kepc for · be kill'd, being of opinion that they pre- the pleafingodour they produce, generally filge good or bad luck, according to the call'd civet; which is lodg'd in a bag between time they happen to meet them on the road. its pizzle and the genitals, having a wide This animal is no bigger than a large fi'og, mouth or opening 1i ke a matrix, border'd genera lly of , a pale lJ10ufe-colollr, the [kin with tbick lips; which being open'd with. <[lmofl: tranfpal'cnt, and therefore it earily the fingers, you find two holes, or nofrrils, receives the imprefTlOn of colours fet ~bout in the concavity of which is room enough it : which has given occarion to report ·it to lodge an alm,ond. . There the civet is COn- tain'd, Coafl.r of SOU'rH-.GUINEA. II~ tain 'd, and is drawn out by means of very fO[1able that their king fhould eat of another BARDOT . . fmall iead or tin fpoons, for all other metals king like himfelf. ...,."......,. won ld hurt the bealt, this being a very The Blacks kill fo many leopards every tender part. The males produce more civet ye.ar, that their kings have large ftores of than the females, and both muft be very {killS and teeth of thefe bea(ts; which they much vex'd and irritated with a ftick often are forc'd to fell ~o (hangers, becanfc for the pointed at them, before yon go to draw out f.~llle reafon wh ich docs not permit them to the fweet ; forchis irritation in the animal cau- eat.of the fien" they are not to make u(e fes an increafe of that precious matter, in the of the (kin, either to lie on, or to adorn concavities of the bag wherein itis con tained. themfelves with it: nay, the Bollis or priefls Qloj ,- The f2.!.Iojas-Morroli or Won·OIl, and by have fo in fatuated the III witll th i, nOlion, Morrou or ~he Portlll,l/e[e call'd Salvage, or the favage, ~nd threatned them with fuch mighty mi- w~rrr' IS a large baboon, very ugly, fome five lerics fr0111 their idols, if they ofr'end therc- or • oon. foot long, with a big head, thick body and Ill, that they will not ea t of any of the arms; and is ealil y taught, not on ly to walk beafts wh ich the leopard common ly preys uprigh t on its two hinder legs, but alfo to on. But the teeth the king llfually beaows carry a pail of water on its head, and other on his wives and concubines, which they fuch like labour. This brute is [0 Itrong wear at their necklaces of beads or bugles, and mifch ievous, that it will attack the and account them a gre~t ornament. Itrongeft man, and overpower him, either The dogs here never bark, bm howl, D'gs. clawing out his eyes, or doing him fome and are reckon'd delicate food, being va- other mifchief, if not hindered . Moft lued above .any cact.le to ear, and the young of the natives firmly believe that thefe crea- ones commonly fold at good rates. Thde tures wil l not fpeak, for fear they nl011ld be dogs are generally very ug ly creatures, ha- fet to work. Th~y alfo fight among. them- ving no hair on the n as de fire to prefer their fons, C;,.tum· All thefe nations circumcife their chil- being ready to fend them to it: proclama- .Iifi·', dren at the age of lix months, and believe tion is made for all of the female fex, great' it is appointed by God, faying it has been or fmall, not to approach the facred wood, praaifed time out of mind among them. much lefs to enter it; during the conti- Yet fome mothers, through fondnefs, will nuance of the fchool, which fomctimes is not let their children be circumcifed till four, and other times five years, for fear they are three years old, that they may of polluting it; le!1: they incur the wrath bear the painful operation with greater eafe of the Belly, who, they are made to be- and fafery to them. They heal the wound lieve, from their infancy, would kill fuch with the juice of certain herbs, bell: known as O,ould prefume .to tranfgrefs. to them. ' The Soggonoes or elders marked of the Here are two other ll:range ceremonies Belly fea, whom the king has appointed to much regarded and obferv~d by all the Ne- rule the fchool, having taken their places, groes of Hondo, Mahou, Folglas, Galas, Gebbe, proclaim the laws of it to the fellows, for- Seflro, Boulm-Cilm, and even in Sierra L eona; bidding them to ll:ir out of the limits there- which, though very different from what is of, or converfe with any perfo n but fuch as properly caIl'd the circumcilion, are never- has been marked of the Belly: and then thelefs both of them very painful and ridicu- they prepare everyone of their fcholars to . lous; of both which, I lhall foon fpeak at receive that mark, which is dene by cutting large. certain ll:rings which run from the neck to N,,,, m... Though the Blades have not been yet ob- the fhoulder·bone ; a painful operation, but h •••u ,'J. ferved to adore the fun or the moon, yet 'tis cured in a few days, by proper vulnerary remarkable, that at every new moon, both lim pIes ; the fears whereof, when cured, in the villages and open country, they ab- look at firll: light like nails imprinted in the fiain from all manner of work, and do not flefh : and then a new name is given to every allow any firangers to ll:ay amongll: them one, to denote a new birth. at that time; alledging, for their reafon, Being thus prepared and fitted, and ll:ark that if they fhould do otherwife, their maiz naked all the while they live there, the Sog" and rice would grow red, the day of the gonoes daily teach them the feveral things new moon being a day of blood, as they ex- above mention'd, till the four or five years prefs it; and therefore they commonly go of their continuance at fchoo1 are near fpent; all a hunting that day. during which, they are fubft!1:ed by the Sog- The lower Ethiopians in .dngoy, and near gonoes, and by their parents, who fend them, Congo, pay the like veneration to the new from time to time, rice, bananas, and other moon. eatables. Belly ft- The feIlowfhip or feB: of the Belly, as The day being appointed for breaking up, ,i,,}. near as it can be well defcribed, is proper- they are removed to other lodgings, erec- ly' a fchool, or college, ell:ablifh'd every ted on purpofe at fome miles di!1:ance from twenty or twenty-five years, by order of the former; where they are vifited by their the king, who is the chief or head of it, relations, men or women indifferently, and for training up young men and boys by them taught to wafh their bodies, to to dance, to Ikirmilh, to plant, to fifh, anoint them with palm-oil, and to behave and to ling often, in a noilY manner, what themfeives handfomely among people: for they call the Belly-Dong, the praifes of the by reafon of their long confi~ement in fuch Belly; which are no other but a confus'd a retired place, they know httle or nothlOg repetition of leud filthy exprelIions, accom- of the behavioar of other people, but ra- panied with many immodell: geltures and ther look like fo many favages. motions of the body: all which things, After fome few days fpent in this man- when dul y perform'd, entitle the fellows of · ner, the parents dref! and adorn them with that fchool, to the name of the marked of clouts at their waill:; ll:rings of bugle at the VOL. V. . K k neck, 126 ,4 I?e[cripfign (if (he BOOK-II. B~R:OT. neck, intermixt with leopards teeth at ~~f- to rule an,d gov~rn the fchool, begins to exe- V"'N tances; the leg~ loaded with brafs bells and cute her 6ffiFe, by a tre~t the ojq. iTI;j.- , <, " brafs rings; a deep ofier cap 00: the head, tron gives ' to her ~ew qifciples, call'd which almoft plinds them; and the body a91or1!?;ft chelT! Sqndy-L4tcc, the alli:\nce or accoutred with apUlldance of feathers of fe- confederacy of the hro, (of which, mQre veral ('dours. Anc\ in this ~quipage, . they hereafter) exhorting th~m to be eafy and are conduCted to the publick place ' in the ple~s'd .in t~eir confi~em:!1t of fqur !llontils, . king's t~wn, ~nq there in the prefence of which IS the u[ual tIme It lafts, Then Q,e~ , f 'multitude of,people, efpecial1y ofwomeh !haves their heads, orders every one to ftdp <>" . gatner'd fro,m all parts of the country; tlie herfelf of her dot~es, and having carried ~ " " fd16ws' p'~Il off their caps, and let their hair . them ,\11 to a proper brook in the holy 166fe, OM after another, !hewing what im- wood, wa!hes them all over, and circum_ provemerit they have made in dancing the dfes everyone inthe private patts; a very Cirmmri. B,clly: and. if any one 'happens to be out, painful operation, yet cured by her intwelvef of1110' he is, mo~k'd by the women, who cry ou~, da ys, by means of proper herbs. After which, m ... H~ h,tlS fpcntbis time in eating of rice. . !h'e teaches them all daily the dances of . When 'the dancing is over, the Soggonocs the country, and to.recite the ve,rfes of San- call' every fe\low in his turn, by the name dy; which is a perpetlJa,1 chanting of aQune that was given him at his admiffion into the dance of !eud, 100fe expl'effions, . accompa- fch'ool, and.:Pr~fent him to his 'father, mo- nied with many inc\ec,efjt ridiculous geftures tlie.r, or reIatipns, . and motions of tht; ~ody, all naked, as they Belly. " To ' f~y 'fomethingoftheBcllyitfelf, It IS are conftantly during the four month~ of ,.hai'i'tis. a thing mad~ by tbe Belly-Mo or chiefprieft' their fchcioling. Ana it they be vi~ted, by th~ ord~r of the king, of a matrter knead- during; tha~ tiI1?,e1. by . aI)Y other wom,en Oli edor wrought like dough, fometimes of one maidens from abroad, the vifiters ar~ not to figure, and fometimes of . anoth~r, a~ . is be.admitted to"th.eJCr.flI~rst unlefs they .aJfo judg'd convenient, according to occl:lr.rences ; b~ ftark-naked, I~iving their clothes in a, which he ' afterwards bakes, and, as I fup- proper place,of the wood. ppte, ' it,is eaten, A. politick invention of Th~timebein{l; , cprm~to.brea~upfc400)li. t~e king anc,l priei1;s, .to keep the people in ' the pa,ren.rsfepd the· r<;~oli\ r.s,red rulh-cIQu~ greater' fl!pj~CtiQn, by the many dreadful ~usle-ftrIilgs,. br~(s~,be))s, anq" la,rgp" bra~f pUl}l!hm~nts th~y. indu{j;riou!1y give OUt ' if rrn~,£6r, the;Jegs, to drefs aJld adorn thern~ can i~flir:on meni wi~h. t~e king's confePt, : felves: And t4u~, 't!)li .old matro~ Sogg~WzI(,.~. . without v,:hich; it cali have no force. ' It ' beJng ' at the head of ' them, they are con" dnnorbe" irn~gined .what'impreffiori . this duCted to tht; vi)lage, whirher,a croud ;of mak~s, 0\1 tl](;pt:'ople. of all, thefe, co'unrries, ' people relort frol\l 'all. parts to fee , the/ll. every ~~iccq\1ntipg it facred and venerable. There 'the Sogg'W,illy being fet down, thefe,. Eyen the very. Rings and priefts themfelves,' " Sandy-Si/1lodiutio, dapghters of the Sandy • .rh'o.~ th~y krww well what this Belly is for' f6 thefe 'fchola,rs; are C<\l\'d, dance, one m~deof, and 'for what end ; yet, by the after another, to the beat of a little drum ,; pri;vailing force of fuperftition and ancient and the danci,ng,being over, they are dif, . praCtice, from one generation , to another, mifs'd, each to lierowl) qua.n~rs. are fo far ddpde.d, as well as the generality of.the people, that the king values himfelf PUN ISH MEN T S of M.A I, E 1'. ACT Q It S, much upon being the head of,that broth~r- A Womanacc;:uf~9 ,of ~(lu~I~{y" is to takl;.,AJ,,/t,,>, hood or feCt. . the oath on the Belly P aaro .. w liich is h~111.P'" Nelfoge. 'The other ' f,Ilow!hip of the NeJfoge, in fubl1;ance, that fhr )'Vi(P~~'.' anst conf~nts nii""· fill,wJMp concerns nh.¢ . few ale . fex, and . diftinguifhes the fpirit inay m,aki.her,a \,\ay;, if fh~ isglljl~y. , of'lOomen. fuch as profers .i~, from o.ther women who do of' that crime; if afterwards conviCted:. 0(·. not ; as that of the Belly does its followers perjury,!h~ i~ in t\1~ev~f)i9g sarried to the ' am,ong o~h~!'. me(L that are not of the fame pul:llick markeF~p):j.~,.r . of, i~h.<; YiIlqge .by her :; 1tamp.' · . own hui1?'1nd, wh~re th\! , !;ou(j~il j~ ,fiqing. , This fellmy!hip of women was at firft in· They firft invok~ .tM~ 1af/aneen; tkn .they; ventedir!. the country oCGoulla, and thence ' cover her, ey~s, . that , !he; .m~y', not fee the." f?lIowcd ang pra¢bfed by all [he other ila~ fpirits .that ard'to ca, rry . her , aw.ay; , after" I nons. I~ is ~erform'd in. ~his manner.' .. whiGh; falloY's '~Yhy feYt:r~ ,repriman.4 one,,' 4~ a certam time. aPP?!nte? by .the.~i~g~, . he~dif~rderly.1ife, . , Wit.!} dreadffll . thre~t~~ :. iL , a number of huts ,or cabms Is .bullc ·m the : !he do.es not amend It:, anq. fo (he Isdlf-, . mldftof.a \\;Q«c1 , to r.ec.~~veaI1 fach majdens ' ch~r,g;'d by the 1~~qI/CPI,. , aft~.r a confufeme of th,e Soi,golloes, !lccompanied on fuch and at the (.,me moment her paranlDur ./ o~cafions by pedons making a noife, with a died, ciil'tain tool like a fcraper, come in' the If !he Was inn'ocellt, her hlce ,appear'd "lf10rning, t6 ' the criminal's houfe, take her very ferene, her eyes bright; and if troubled away inro t~e publick place of the town, WIth any ,natural illnds, nle was ptefently where after having obliged her to walk cured of It, It alfo made her capable of three turns abduc it, !till making a great conception, and if before (he brouU'ht forth' noife, that' all \,,;ho are' of the brotherhood her children with very great pain ~nd hard of Bell)" may fee what is doing, and rake labour; after this trial, !he' was always dc:- warning'; flich as are not of it, not daring liver'd very eauly: in fine, if before !he fo much as to look out, for fear the Ja- had had only girls, after this {hc was' fur'~ naneen would, carry 'em flway ': they' ro have boys, convey the adulterous won:all to the holy If her belly dicj not ' fwell, and !he did' wood of Belly-; and from that time forward not die on the' fpot, her husband was ob' !he is never heard of any more. , The Blacks liged to , take ,her again; and the [pirit of fAncy'the fpirits of the woods carry fuch Jealoufy whIch before was come upon him, womeh' away; but it is likely'they are there was to ~etire, ibid, ver, 14, plit ' to death, to appeafe the indignation of , Thefe' Gentiles may have deriv'd from the' Be/l); acco'rding 'to their ' notion, JewiJh ' l~w, tllis-lort of trial of innocence' Thift, If' a man' is charged with theft, murder, or guilt in Women fufpeaed of aci uhery'; " murJ"" or or peryllt'y" and the evidence is not clea r but haye alter'd the compoution thereof, as' ~~,;:~;.: enough, ,or that !1e is only fufpe,aed of,this before recited, 1 'iJI"d, ot' that CrIme, he IS to take the tnal of Belly; , They ufually eic~cute criminals thus con- a compOfition made by the Belly-Mo, or viaed in forne remote by-place, or in a ptielt, with the bark of ' a tree and herbs" wood ,at a great dillarice from their village'; ; which is 'laid on the perfo n's hand, If he is there the criminal kneels down, holding his" guilty of the indiament; the Blacks ray it head" bowing 'towards the ground, In .. chis , will prefently bum the fkin; but will do no poflure,~heexecutioner thrults hisbodythro' , manner of damage, if innocent, , , with a fmall javelin, which ' being fallen on ' Tri.Is hy Sometimes the Belly-Mo caufes a perfon the ground, he ClItS , the ' head olt' with: an Jrinkir." , to drink a large draught of liquor, com- ax or ,knife, and quarters it, delivering the po fed of two forts of a thick bark of the NeUe quarters to the wive$of the perfonnxecured; and S?<,uony trees, which they reckon a per. who commonly allilt him at the execution; fea ' poifon, If he be innocent, he will vo- and they are tocafl:.th'em on fome dunghills " mit it up immediately; but if guilty, 'twill about the country; to be devour'd by ,wild foam about his mouth, and thereby prove beafts, or ravenotis-birds, The criminal's him guilty, and puni01able with death, friends ' boil his head, and drink the b,'bth, I cannot here forbear making this obfer- nailing up the jaws in their houfe of wor: vation, which in' my opinion may be ac- !hip, ceptable; and is, that this drink adminiltred It is the cuftom' in thefe countries, when here to women, fufpeaed of adultery, may any of the princes, efpecially:in Folgia, have be derived and ufed, in imitation of the concluded an alliance with fome neighbour- water, called by the Jews, of Jealoufy, ing potentate, as ,1lfo"amoog!1: private per- Numb, 5" 17, and there named Holy-water, fons, to caufe fome pullets to be drefs'd and compofed of half a log of the water of the eat them together' ; after each treating party , pool that ftood in the porch of the temple, has been mark'd with fome drops of the in[O which the priefts did put of the dull blood of thofe ' facred animals, Thcy alfo ' of the floor of the tabernacle; which com' carefully preferve ·the 'bones of them; be- pofitioo was named the biller water, perh,aps caufe',1 if one 'of the partie~ is willing [0 ' from the effea it had on the belly ' of toe break the treaty, thofe bones are prodo" , accufed woman, by a parricular difpenrati~n ced Jar him to fhew caufe for the breach ' of heaven; for otherwife there was no blt- ' thereof.' t(tnefs naturally in it, The ' mark of fubmiffion here is to ap- .dllia.- Ir:is~ndeed repori~d, thatthe priefts did ", pear before a greater perfon, with a hat on en h,w add to It wormwood, or gall, or fome fuch the head; and fo the V~is, after being rub~mnd" bitter dnigj , but the law doth not mention" dued by the Folgiaf;' appeared before their' it, onlY that' they proilOun'ced on that li- ' king'Plonikerfl, ' qUOT- ferrible inakdi~ion;~and imprecations ' as tHida""; mentions. ' or 128 A Defcription ,of the BO,0\ II. BARBOT, the which, you may fteer for a while fome- ~ OJRIO SilSTRO, &c. what towards the ftarboard. \ OR the better finding of Rio Seflro, The village above-mention'd is within F I think it may not be amifs to add this the river, clofe to the beaches, containing inftruetion. fifty or fixty houCes neatly built on tim- rAnJ- I. It maybe eafil y known coming from ber, raifed two or three foot from the groun"'; • ",~rk,. weft, by two large rocks appearing above- each houfe being commonly oftwo or thrtt "~uft, Oil wateli' about a league to the north-weft of fmalliow ftories, and therefore fomewh, :'tJ""'· ' that river,/ diftant about half a le'ague from lofty, and confequently eafily feen out a't the {hoal. fea over the point; and the trees that fur- ' 2. Another mark is, two hills or little round it on the land fide, are moftly Ba· mountains feen at a good diftance up the nana and Maniguettc trees, intermix'd at country, one of them much bigger than the diftances with palms, which afford a pretty other, and appears like a half globe right profpect, and {helter the town from the againft the river's mouth; as alfo by a ridge high fouthweft breezes at fea. The profIlect ot feveral fmall rocks and clifts, appearing from the village on the river is alfo very above water to the fouthward of the point pleafant, the river being large, and the of the cape, call'd Cabo das Baixas, and banks cover'd with lofty fine trees, and running out above a league into the fea ; fome low ones without difcontinuation. one of them is call'd by the Portugueft, Ilba The accefs to the beach and the landing, da Palma, the others IlbasBrancas. are very convenient for boats and pinnaces. Rio Seflro is a place of trade for elephants There :is a large houfe in the village, for the htrt. teeth, rice, and Guinea-pepper, and very reception of ftrangers, whither the captain convenient for wooding and watering, land of the Blacks, one Jacob, and his attendants, confequently much frequented by all Euro- commonly conduet, and there make them pean nations that every year pafs by, bound welcome with palm-wine, and fuch other to the gold coaft, Ardra, and the Bigbt or things as the country affords. It is like all gulf of Guinea. The Negroes of Scjlro com- the common houCes raifed upon timber, and monly come out of the river in canoe's to there is a fmall ladder to get up into it. meet the {hips they , fpy to the weftward, There {hangers difcourfe the Blacks about to ihow them the roads, or bring them into ' the occafion that brings them; but nothing the river. , is concluded before the king of the country The beft place for great {hips to anchor, is inform'd : and to this effeet, they are is in fix or [even fathoms ouzy ground, carried 'by water to his village, which is [omewha,t above half a league from the feated about a league up a rivulet, near bar of the river, where there is good hold, the mouth of the Sejlro. if the {hip be well moor'd; and 'tis much eaGer for the crew to carry water and wood. THE AUTHOR VISITS THE KING. I Btf/an. Whereas anchoring, as mofr do, in eight or THE lirft time I vifited this king, Bar-"I1:' king', of the vill.lgc Ihewed a great deal pines tails, and Grigris; and about his neck of civility, everyone orfering his h e~b'll1fted it, chat th~ and. the holes in it ,to hold me'lot an~ drin~ , ElIgfijh twv~been opligeq to abandon the re_ for Its ufe; that being the place where they fiq~~~ thyY.ha,q ab9U,~ ~(pree. leag\l.es tlP, tl}~ · - ' adminifter an oath, qr fwear to ' the, perfo.- riv.yr" thlf Q~tte~ tQ carryon ,their trade i)l the, mance of contracts or agreem~'1ts ,; ll1a,de cO.l,mtry <1long it; whjc,h is very populous, among themfelves~ ' '"',, and h)lS a,bundanc:e of ,villages and. h~mlet~. Th. k!ng, ,.J(ing Peter lives coriftan~ly a~ this v:il4ge, ' 0[1 ,its; ba111;.s. , :~d:;'~;: j ,ith thirty of his w,iyes, and their jlTu~, and However, I might h~v,e had ~ better "ren '--' none other. He IS a· gOQd, courteous, a- tq4e qf teeth, whilft I was there, bur that moft Coafl.r Of SQLTTll.-GUINEA. moll: of the people were then bufy [owing fea, f~tting out early in the mOl'J1ing, and [JAnnOT. their nee. returnll1g home, with their fi(h, about noon, ~ £xtellt of The lands 9[ Sejlro extend from the tivcr tht lands by the help of the fea-breeze. .[Sen,o. of SI. Jobll or BerJa)', to Grot, beino- about The chief of them drive a trade with the thirty-fivo leag\\es in a line, "long th~ coalt, EIII:opeans, exchanging rice, maniguettc, and. much f,trther ~p the country, N E by and elephants teeth, for Europcall commo- ;2. If we may beh~ve fo.rn~ o.f that k il1g's - dities. . - t\fficers. Beads, of feveral forts, EUrOpC3l\ The good old king is much refpeC1:ed Bugles, white and blue, CClmrh~lli_ by all his fubjeC1:s; and he is veryaffc6tio- ,i", Brafs kettles and bafons, nate towards them, living like a careful f.1- Iron bars, ther of a large f~f]1ily. Brafs and iron rings, The BlackJ here geperally [peak through Annabas, the nof" and very hafl:ily. Their c1ialeC1: L innen, is the ~abee, of which I had learnt fame Dulch knives, words, but lofl: them and fome draughts I Brandy, in whole and h~lf anchors. wok there: A f~w of the natives, here and Cotton, there , on the coafl:, have gOt fame Englijh Cowris, or Qlolls, and Dutch expreffiqns. PagItQJ, or {hart cloths, Small hedging-bills, HABIT 0/ MEN allr/ WOMEN, &c. Ordinary knives, Tht mm. THE men are generally tall, lu[ly, and Dutch mugs, well-fhapcd, but not of a fhilling black; Fifhil]g hqol. 6. Coafls of SOUTH-GUINEA, being very thi ck and firm, with a fmall round JUI11P of dough, very round, all over whitc,BARnoT. hole, 01' opcning for themfelves to go in with black fpecks, and the refl: of his body ~ and om at. perfectly black: they fhew'c\ me R fmail Monk'ls. Th~ apcs amI monkeys, who always keep opening in the fcrotum, tlno' which he made in and about the woods, fitting on the trees, water. He f:tte fmoking tob,(cco very hearti- ~rc either grey ami white, fpeckled at the ly; but a very odd object to behold. This II-nuzzle, or nofc; or rpotted grey, black, pamful and tedious difl:emper is C0l11mOl1 and red . with a black face, the extremity among aged men in f<.JlOja, and thought to of it ",hite, with a pointed fharp bea rd at proceed from the eXGe!Eve ufe of palm .. the end of the chin . There is alfo anoth«r wine and women, which occaGon the teft i- fort vcry ugly and frightfu l to behold. The cles to [well prodigiouny in the ferotum, Blacks eat, and reckon them good mea t, rcndring them incapable of walking or either boil'd with rice, as I have otJferv'd aCting. before , or dry'd and fmoak 'd like bacon, There being many lepers in this country , Let''" or neats tongues; but the very fight of I could not but fufpect t1ut thofe two men them fo dry'd, is enough to turn'd an E1/- might be of that Number, and therefore I rop Po/mas two leagues, This village i~ uce a unt ance 0 mamguette,and fo cheap, eafily known,_ by a rOllnd mounta in which G,lrW"" that I purC"ha fcd at Droe, three hundred anel . 'Ctttt das aplXa'rs at a great cli{bnce up the country; Palm"" fifry pound for one bar of iron, and by a river not navigable fodloops,call'd The Blacks abollt rVappo, and parts ad- by the Poriligueje, R io de Sf, Clemmie; which jacent, a re more tractable and berter condi- runs along the cooft inland; on the fouth tioned than thore fimher wen: however, they fid e whereof, is a fmall village, or hamlet, are Importunate enough, as well as all the where there is good Ifdh water to be had other B/acks of the pepper-coall:, in begging on occalion, as well as at ScJlro Paris. There their Da!!y, or prefent, before they deal for is a lfo ivory and Guinea-pepper to be pur- any goo(ls ; anel it's very difficult toget rid of chafed. their impo rtuni ties, Their lang uage can The coaft runs fouth-eaft and by fOllth fcarcc be underll:oocl, The country produces with ilioa ls, and break ings, three leagues much the fame forts of provilions andrefreili- Ollt at fea. molts as at Sepro and other places, Cape Palm-trees, or Cabo das Palmas, The fea al,1 a long affords great variety by the ancients, Deorllm Cltrrm, has this of Ii lh, little differing from rhat on the name from feveral palm-trees to be fcen on gold coan, of which I iliall fpeak in its the land in moll: places, but efpecia lly near proper place. the 111ore, and on the two hills that form the The coall: from Wappo to Gralld SeJlro, or cape. This cape is exacrly in four c1egr. Sejlro Paris, ~retches lo uth-ea ll: by fouth, fift y min. of north latitude. beIOg a large VIllage on the Rio das Eji:ravos, Beh ind the cape is a bulg ing in the coafl-, The tide, at low ebb, carries along the {hore; which is a good fhelter for 01ips againll: th e and at fca, on the return of flood . rolltherly winds. On theea ll:, abour a lcaO'uc Grand Grand SeJiro is about two leagues and a from it, is a g reat rock jull: by the 01o~e I 5dho, half to the fouth-eaft of Droe ; and eafil y and from the point of the cape runs a ridge found out, by a rock appearing on the of 01Oals, or a chain of fmall rocks, even north·weit of it, and by a cut ;n the with the fea, ftretching out a league into rea, coaft, over which are three palm-trees up at fouth-fouth-eall:, where 111ips in former the land. times have been caft away; with another The Dutch call it Balleljes·hoeck, from a bank, two leagues farther ou t to fea, about name of a Black who formerly lived there. which the tide nms very fw ift at eaIl:, in I obferved, that fome of the GralJd ScJl'-o nine or tcn f.1thom water, BI(n/C!, when they camc nca r the Olip in To avoid thefe banks, we fililcd from be- their canoes, did utter fom e Frmch words in fore GO)'tllze above-menLioncd, direCting the the Norman dialecr, crying alo ud, and clap- courfefourh and fouth by call: for four leagues, ping hands, Maleguette, lou I plein, male- the better to weather them, till we came guctle lout pleilf, tout pleiJ/, lout plein, tallt into thirty li ve fathom water; and then we a terre de ",aleguetle; to lignify tHey had Il:eer'd ea ll: and eall:-north-eall:, and thus abundance of Guinea-pepper in the coun- came to anc hor before Growa , a village Grow. try , two leagues eaft from cape Palm-trees, '!Jillng', The Frellch of Dieppe gave this town the where the pepper coaft ends, according to name of SeJiro Paris in former ages, becau(e the genera l acceptation . of its grea tnefs ; being one of the largeft The Ma1/eguet/e, or pepper coaft, in ge- Shh,:!ccajl, towns, and the moft populous of this coaft, ner. l, ex tends from Rio S'Jlro to Growa, and even of all Guinea. The adventurers of about Iifty live leagues, being general.ly low Dieppe there had a fettl ement for carrying on fl at land; and the foil of the country, clam- their trade with the natives, forGuillea-pepper my, TIlt, all over woody, and wlHer'd by and ivo ry, which a re both very plenty, long {cve ral"rivers and brooks: which caufe fucit before the Eaft- India pepper was known in a ma lignity in the a ir, chat few Europe,711> Eu!'o!,e ; and 'tis probable enough that the can make any ft ay without danger of r"l- Blacks of thofe tim es tranfmined fome French ling into malignant fevers, of which many words and phrafes , to their pofterity, from have <;lied. This bad air, is yet more per- hand to hand, until this day. nicious about cape Palm-trees, being even The Portuguefe hav ing conguer'd Princes felt four leagues off at fca, as many per(ons iOand, in the Bighl of Guinea, did over-run have found by ex perience ; fo r fOll1 etil11cs all the Guinea coall:s, fetding facrories at it carries a perfecr ftink with it, when ,the feveral places, and drove away the French ,weather is fomewhat foggy. from this and other ports they had polI'efs'd The lang uage of the Blacks of this coall: The nn. fo r m any years before. cannot be underftood at all, 2nd 'tis !:ly,i"(I, Goy'v, From Grand Seftro, to the village Goyava, figns and geftures, ;that the trade is carrid 'Viliog', or Goyane, is three ,leagues and a half; on with them. rhey are generally wcll- " and four leag ues more from Go)'ava, to that 111aped, and of a pretty good ph yliognomy, VOL.v. N 11 T hey A Defcription of the BOOK II. BARBOT. They wear only a lingle clout about their They are alfo great mumpers, :lnd fo in- B'ssing ~ middle, and many of them have broken tolerable in that way, of begging for a Daffy, a~ '!0{4' 'bellies. I obferv'd one amongft the reft, that is, a Prejent, that it is not the bulinefs r of '7· whofe rupture was fuch, that his fcrotum a large !hip to make any ftay on the coaft: hung down to his knees. . fmall ones are only proper to drive a coafting ,/ - . They are a ftrong, fturdy, laborIous fort trade with them. of men. When they happen to meet from Their 'I'aba or 'I'a ba-Seyle, and by others feveral different places aboard !hip; they Fabo-Seyle, that is, their kings, are very ar- 'take one another by the arms, near to the bitrary, having an abfolute authority over !houlders, f.1ying 'I'oma, and letting the the people, and the people paying great fub- hands t:tli to the elbows, 'I'oua; then take miffion to them. Thefe kings go about one another's fingers, as thofe at Seflro, and with much gravity and feeming fi atc. fnap them, uttering thefe words, Enfane- They are grofs PagaJlS, praying to their mate, Ellfanemate ; that is, my friend bow do Grigri or idols, and to dead men, to gram 'you do .P them a good, peaceful, and holy life in this Handi- They have pretty good black-fmiths a- world; and falute the new-moon wirh plays, craft'· mong them, who know how to harden and fOllgs, and dances; and are ftrangely addicted temper weapons, knives, &c. Others make to forcery and divination. fine Luge and fmall canoes, which they fit and The beft and fitteft time to drive the adorn very neatly. They are alfo very good coafting trade, is in the momhs of February, husbandmen to improve their lands, for ,rice, Marcb, and April. The fouth fouth-eaft millet, and maneguette; which is their chief winds begin to blow on this coaft in May, dependance, bo th for food and trade. and bring the 'I'ornados, ftormy weather, ProJMf. The country in general has plenty of peas, and great rains, generally attended with beans, pompions, lemons, oranges, bac- lightning and dreadful thunder, chos, bananas, and a fort of nuts, the !hell As to the particular defcription of the very thick, and all of a round piece, with-' Guinea-Pepper, and the trade thereof, and out any peel within, as our European nuts at what time, I refer to what has been [aid of have, wh ich eat very lufcious and f weet. it in the lixth chapter. They have likewife abundance of cattle, , This fort of pepper being now little ufed goats, hogs, chickens, and many other forts . in Europe, the trade of it is inconliderable ; of fowls, and very cheap. Their palm-wine fo that moft of the !hips that ply upon this is excellent, as are Iikewife the dates, which coaft every year, look chiefly for elephants they are very fond of. teeth; of which the Englijh and Dutcb ger TI~ey are very intemperate and luxurio us the largeft fhare: the Negroes paying to excefs, always talking of their fport with much civility to both nations, but efpecially women. 'Tis reported , as a tru th, that fome to the Englijh. They have alfo a great kind- Blacks are fa brutal and lewd, as to profti tute nefs for the Frencb, as being the firft people their wives to their own fons; and not only of Europe that frequented them, as 1 have boaft of, but even laugh at it, when repri- [aid before. manded by Europeans for fuch abominab le Marmol, chap. xxiii. fays, that before the inceftuous practices, f.1ying, it is but a trifle. coming of the Portllgueje to this coaft of Ma- E.very man takes as many women as he can laguelte, the merchants of Barbary repaired we ll maintain_ thither to fetch off this pepper; traver[mg They are of a pilfering temper, and will the whole kingdom of Malldillga in Nigrilia, fteal any thing they can well come at from and the country commonly called Guinea, ftrange rs even aboard !hips, and muft be i. e. Genehoa, and the L )'biall Def~rts; and well obferved, and nothing left in their from Barbary, [orne quanrity of that fpice was way, either of eat,tbl es or goods, nay even tranfported into Italy, where it was ca lled ru fl:y knIves, or crooked broken nails, any Grains of Paradife, becaufc its origin was thing ferving their turn. unknown there. C HAP. VIII. Of the i?)orJ-coajl; 1Jjllages on it. St. Andrew's ri1Jer; bottomlefs pit. In- Jlrttfiions for [ailing, &c. Divifion of THE Dutch and Prellcb reckon the 'I'and- and !?:en,CowJ! 'Sheep,Poultryi and In lho;t, Cape La Hoe or HiJu, is two Ie.~gues ro COpt La whatever the Mafeguttre CO'ajt produtes itlr the eaft of wetroi! .\ the land between, low, Ho<. the fuppmt of life: bUt the favage. bmtipl flat, and woody. This cape is alfo a low tem per of the natives will not aUbw thelll to point t:over'd with trees, and the moft tra- fell any to {hangers, unlefs at a very dllar ding place of all the waft of ~aqua, for 'nlte, and not of the beft. fine large teeth, wht11eof tl1ere is great This place might )"ield a good tr~de, were aburidance at all times. [t ne6ds no other \ it not for tile rtidenefs and barbarIty of the particular mark ro fi'Qa i.t 'Out, but the great Blacks; whb haw: at fevera{ times maff3.cr¢d number of canoes, which u(uaUy oome out a gr~at 'Olin1het of PorUJg'Ueft,Dutch,:anoEng- with teet'n, to meet the ihip'Slhat come from li/h, tihat came for provi1fions, ·and to wat~) the weltwa~d; and that of a tal!, large, nott thinking of any treaohety. An Englijh fu 1'011: tlli'ee of itS ·t'llen; '/lot o ther:s, gi ke a fir.r-ttte. 'J'qqe 'town of La !lou ma:ny years fimce,a Hollander fo~tee1600'9' tempet of'Uhefe btul:es',vhll't 'the 'PIJr- fea .folls a:np'er 'and .merter : the o'blliged co 'get water or provifions fv~m 'rh~s nativ{Js ~j.llgoivll ·and 'ea'fy to dea'l wiuh, ,in place, it is 'abfo'lutely recquifite to man olie all thin~r, :bwt ·rufe '!lIpt to fa-ife the priue .(l):f boat that is 'to go afhere,¥ery well w.ith didr !vQry, :acoo!'dillg tothe 'n~mberlBti, along that Goaft, brought away a confidera- Ih [h'e year 13 6,4S Ilhdgive the honoui' ·of ble quantity of gold and ivory, but pro- it tb .[qffie 111et'd\antll of Dieppe, Who, 'thllY ceeded no farther. The follOWing years Mr. fay, tnad\! fevel'al fettJeometlts alohg tliecoaft, fYilliam '<{owerfon parfonh'cl [everal voyages flS far 'M·Gra~id Sijt:ro, ' near tape Pall/ws: ·to t)1e 'coaft of Gllinea, which had nothing ~nd their ·aUthors Rlfittn, they were alfo the peculiar, but n continuation of trade ih the firft f6I:Irtdl!rs 'of the ·c.aftle call'd :da Mimi, or fame parts; nor' do we find any account of bf the mit\e,. oh·the gold coaft, in 13'83 ; a farther progrl!fs made along this coall by which the Porttlgtu[e afterwards took 'troill 'the Eng1i/h, till we come to their voyages them. On the othej, hand, thePo rtllglle[e claim to the ill/)I-Iudies, and.thofe began but late. tn·is ·di.fcbvery, as fir·{\: made by them in the For the firftE/lglijbl/Jflll ,we find in thofe parts, yellr 1452, and that they w¢r.e fol¢ polfelI'ors Was one ,<{'boma. StWeJ1S, in r 679, aboard .a Portll- CHAP. 2. Porlugt4~ Illip, The 11rO: voya~c, of the this, under-hand tr~de, they in pro'ce[~ oFBAnno,-, liltxlijh, ill !hips of thpir own, \VIIS In 1591. time grow ~ich, and tile compapy fulfers~, The BhlCks of tlw gold coaft are for thq vel"] much. Inolt part very rich, through ~ho grc~t kew or none of the Slacks are to be trull-cd, trauc they drive with Et/r.pcons, both ~­ as being crafty and deceitful, ~nd ;';hQ will bonrd the fhips, af1d II/1lOl'e, bartering theit never let nip an opportunity of che:;,ting an gold, for fevcral forr~ of E,urope~1/ QQl1l11l0- European, nil" inc\eeq will they fpare one dities, of which they 111 nke a Vijfl: profi~ ~F anptrer i fqn,e meY ~~eir ma(1:ers, but all the inlandl or through tlw Inrg~ a!IQ\yan<;6 (19 npt. Pf Ihis, and their lazinefs, more they have Ollt of the good~ th~y b~y of lwre~fter .. Eflro~al/s, (or the; account of ,b~ if1lam:l The Eng/ijI; J?oyal African, and the Dutch Pm"/I//or Inter/,pins /lIMks, for whom many of thefe Pll the WejI-Illdia CPlnpaf1ies, having the privilege IIl1er/,pers. mdt. conO: aCt as brokers, buy ing ' i:Ql)Jjder'l9Ie flY patent of trading to this coaft, e~dufiv~ quantities of goods of the interlopers, wqp tq all other~ their fellow-fubj ecrs; ~nd ~ refurt thither in great number~, ' frpm fe- [4PPllfe ~'l~ P(lllijh ancl Brall4enburg com- veral pans of EMrope I but efpe"j~lIy fnmn p~nies have , ~he fame: fuch qf rhe f~id IH- Zeal~lId and Frallce, notwitlU):anping th~ (e- ).ions as r~\ort Hl ~hof" coalls, are liable to yere penalties they are liable tp i for if feizure of Illips and goods, if taken by the taken by the &glifh, ,or DUIch "prnpanies, iPips, or agepts of any of the raid cpm- their facrors, or agents; their goq4s ~re not paries, within rllcir rerpecrive diftriCj:s PIl only confifcated, . but a heavy line laid 9n rbe ,co~fl:, /:>el1des bpdi)y punif!)ments jn~ them. The cunning Blacks are not deterr'd Bicred !In the olfenders; ~fpe,ially among by all thefe rigours, knowing how 19 bribe tpe I;JI//ch, ,¥IW haye made it <;Ieat)l; but th" companies LapIol, or naves, who (U'e that i ~.re1~O.nl or never executed; fome <;If let to wa tch them; and thus in fhe nig'ht th ~ cOI;npal)ies pffic~rs always finding it their run 'afuore the goods they buy of inter- incerel1; to let fuch go I)npuniilied; as is well lopers, or foreigners trading on the co~O: known to the Zealallders, Ylha of all the ful:)- from Iffiny, both by fea aAd land. For je& of Holland fend moft interlopers every when the roads are clear of robbers, (Q,ey yea r: tQ that waft. cravel to IjfeIlY and Rio d'Oro to buy tb,eir Thefe interlopers generally make ufe of goods, and bring them in by ftealth, con- Jhips of fmall burden, and good failors, veying them up the country without any well fittGd ,and rnano'~, the better to make molel1:ation. The), generally have ruch their crcape, or ft?D,cillpOn their defence, if goods of the interlopers,twenty live or thirty attack'q by the company's ilii;1:s. ~ !hall per eml. cheaper. and perhaps much ,better, now proceed to the particular defcriptillP ,of than thofe the companies agents fell. .By the gold coaO:. C HAP. ~I. The c!Jajl 'to cape St , Apolonia, T.hat cape . ' from it to Axiol. That king- ritl'm; the iDutoh fort there. The natives and produa. P~w_er of the Dutch. CapeTres-Pontas. ' 'C01lST to Cape St. ApOLONIA , v.ety clofe to tpe 1l19re, is a little if1and" very T H E ~qa1l;, frurn the river of Sweiro riA ftt fllr bUildlI1g of a fort, (or the conv~nlenc1 Villagtl. , Cq/ta, to cape ,SI. ApoJo'lia, is Jpw qf a,n ' irtlan~ tr~pe. The ,river runs dqwn and flat, and b,ears eal1:-fouth-eaO:, twelve from ,far ,upe!)e qluntry NNW. IjfeiZY' ~.eagues, all the way fuaded with higJ} tceq, ,grandt ~ fa!Oo)J.S for its nile g9ld, wl,ith, it and full of greater and fmaller viU~ges; the 'is,-Jil(ely:, come,S JrprnAjie/JI,e or l lfla, to- moO: remarkable ,are, Boqu, Jffil}Y-pe~l\el1a, ,wa-r-ds the,[ ource of the river Sweiro da Cojl'l , Ijfeny-grt!nd~, Abbiany or Alfe.ne~ .'1(eO,oo, r"lnd ~tl abo\1t nil],e g,egr~~s of nort'h .latitude; ,a ./kanimina; all b,e1onging to the lC0,uMry country ,~,ic)11,n ,gol<'!, ,and but late!y 'kl!own pf Lidouwajian" or Sokoo. / to ,the 'Europeans on the gold coaft. Boqll is in the woods, ne,arthe m ,0)1tP of T.j1e ,t.own of. AbPiany and ,'lebbo, three Abbiany the river ofSweiro da Cofta. ,IJ1enY-Jlequeno .leagues tJiLj-ant '[!;Om each pthcr, are feated n)}dTeb"", appears on the lliore, as does Jjfeny,grawif, in rhe ,IyQpd~. and know)1 ,at fea by ab,un- more to the eal1:ward, with three I1ttle ,yjJ. ~~!1ce Q~ p~l~,Jtrees, :tppearin,g pn thcfuore. , !ages between the1TI. IjfoJly-grande li~s.at ·rbe , .I1ca~I'1lt'!.a IS~Ullt on the ,n/1rg ,prPHn.~, Acanlml· mO)1th of a river, Ylhich does not rellch ,tro _a,bo,ut ~alfa J~ague ~~ft frpm , c~J?F: 1!~ I~- na. the Tea, unl~fs it overflows in ,the ~a,iny fea- p~lollia. '" ' l{[,ny. Ton. This town w,as p]under'd ,and 1;lJ./fJilt TI)e inl,~~d , C,O_u,Qt~y I bet!yeen~oq,u ,aI/d down, by the in'lapd Blacks, ,in the Yf..~r Ji,a,(1t11pnC!" ,1S il)lIr, ,'1-!ld affords ,,~?f'cel)~nt 1 GB J. At ,the /)louth of this ,!riljer" ,aGd ,~old,JQ,W,e,n!l-Y~', ~nq.a few e1epl;wpts t~eF~' " ' , whewn A De!cription ' of .. the BARBOT, wherein the trade of the afor~faid places many leagues; the:lItmoft extent of its courfe I./y'J con lifts, ' The anchoring ground before each up the country being unknown. Tho[e who .Ar::~:;mg of thofe pla~es, have gone three days up it,. affirm it to be -is , aboUt two EngliJh ml,les g from the {hore, In fifteen or fixteen fathom as pleafant as ' anr part of the coaft of Guinea, not exceptrng Sejlro, nor IYida or water. Fida; both the banks being adorn'd with CAPE ST, ApOLONIA" fine lofty trees, aftording a molt agre~able A 'D the name given it by the Portu- [hade. Nor is if lefs pleafant to obferve the' Mark,to H' k.,,,, glleje, who difcover'd it on the fGall: of beautiful birds of various colours, and the jt. ' that faint. It runs out a little to the [outh" monkey, fporting on the green boughs, all ward, and feems to be low plain grbund, the way along; and to render the voyage f1:iH more delightful to travellers, when ' ;.> ' towards the fhore, riling up farthen back in three feveral hills, which may b~ [een they have failed abouta league and a half up, ten leagues Ollt at fea in fair we~ther; they are entertained with the profpeCl: of the which are ,fufficient marks to knOW, It by, fine populous village of Aneober, firetching too-ether with the ftraggling ' trees ' appear- out about an EngliJh mile along its wefiern 'in,;:' on the faid hills, ' which make it an [hore, Higher up, are the falls and rocks 'ag';.eeable profreCt, " " ' ! )!" '," above-mentioned; where the Blacks diving, bring up much gold. About that place are Villages, There are three:villages on the lliore, at 'the foot of the hills; but , the accefs' to it feveral fine'villages, compofed of three fe- from the fea is very difficult, by rea fori of veral hations, The firft , of them on the 'the rolling of the furges, and the breaking weft fide of the river, is Ancober; the next of the fea on the fandy fiat ihand, as it does to it, Abocroe; and the third, Igllira. An~ all along this coalI froril this cape' to IjJeny. cober is : governed by its king; but the o- I had here a pretty good trade for 'gold, ther nr o ate commonwealths. ' " during ' tlie rhreedays ' I lay before the vil,- Formerly the Dlllcbdrove a very confidera- ,lages, 'underrhe cap~. , ',',:',". . ' ble trade there, and had a fort in the coun~ try of. Igulra; for befides the gold carry'd From Cape ST, AroLoNIA to AXIM" " thither from all other parts, the country it IS abqut nine leagues" the landi between [elf has fome mines. : , theni very low, and planted WIth abun- 'dance of coco arid, palm-trees; ' the ' fhote Kingdom of Ax I M, aild DUTCH fortlbt/'e~ , very wide, being ac l\rious [andy fiat' {hand, fit to travel over in chaires, or coaches, as far F RaM the river Cobra to the Dutcb as about a league weft i, of Axim, where the ' fort at Axim, the coalt runs S E. all pleafant river Cobra, or Ancober; parts 'the over wooded. This kingdom of Axim, kingdom of Sokoo and Axim. or Alzyn, or Achen, extends about feven Tf,6oun; , Twollit- There are but two villages on chefhore, be- , leagues in length, from the river of Ancober JAril,. " iagei. tween capeSt, Apoionia, and the riverManct/, to the village of Boejt/a, near Boulry, ,.or "which ~are .i1gt/1JIene and Bogio, ' feated ;among Bottroif,' ltanding in the middle' of ch~ fa: ,the 'coco and palm-~rees; but there" is littk ,mous cape 'J'reJ- POllia", which runs out to or no trade at them, Tho Chore bending the fea before it. This kingdom borders away to eaf1:-north- ea l1: of the Bight for fome weltward on thac of Sokoo, northward on ,leagues, ,and the Dutch fort bearing , E ~ E, that of [gllira, and eal1:ward on the Aneete the' [hips trading along' the coal1:, commonly .counti-y; the ocean being on the fO\lth, and ,f1:eer that courfe from St. Apolonia; from the coal1: iIi many places full of rocks and ","'-! ' whence the tide runs along the coaft to cliffs great and fmall, next the rea. Axim" Jul1: by Bogio;the river ManCil falls ' The country has very many large andpj/JAg"; l\·bncl] into the rea, is large and wide, coming ppwn beautiful villages, all of them extraordi- river. Hom Il,uira, where it is choak'd by mighty ' nary populous, fome feated on the fhore, f.,lIs and rocks, and confequently ' not and others farth(\[ up the inland. The molt navigable; ,but yields much fine' gold, confiderable of the former lie about the which the Blacks get by diving amono- the 'Duich fort; and at Pocqliefoe, near the hill rocks. ' ",0 Mamfro, or cape 'J'reJ-PonlaJ. T)le land " Cobra The river Cobra, is about four Englifh is well cultivated, .~' river. miles , weft of the Dutch fort of St. Antony, The inhabitants are generally very rich, R.ich';''': or Axim. The Portugl1eje gave it this' name driving a great trade with the Europeans''''''' 'of Cobra, that'is, ,a fnake, fro'm the many for gold, molt of which they fell to the Eng- windings of its courfe, up the inland, for lifo and Zealand interlopers, notwithltand- about twenty four leagues, thro' the, coun- ing the fevere penalties above-mention'd ; fo , try of Iguira. , It is very wide at the m0llth, • that the Dutch company has not above the " but fo lhallbw, that boats can fcarce pafs hundredth part of the gold, that coaft af- up; however, a ,little farther ,in, it grows , fords, The great plenty of gold brought ,~ deeper and narrower, and fo contim)es for ' down hither flom the wealthy country of Affine, ' ~ ----;t;rl- -- _. ... ' ----'.;;1 ~ ~ M!~!~ =m " (.J I·' l \ I ~ 3. I ' ,1 .".. \.l ~ • d ~ ~ ~.. f4 )~ ~.... '.::( .~ I=i ..; 'L-L-~~~~~_~.1- __~ "J~I ~ ____ ~~_~ ____~ Q ." CHAP. 2. Coafls ~rSOUTH-GUINEA. AjJine, befides what the mines of I~II;1'Cl !-mor;tes, leaving a g uard with their f.1n1ilies I3A RMT. produce, makes a f10uriflling commerce;' and In fome pLtce of Itrcngth. I../'Y"'.J therefore Axim was by EllrOpefilt traders The l'or/llgueje built thi's fort, where it I look'd upon as the beft place for gold, and now ftands, nnd gave it the name of SI . confcquent ly much reforted to; but de- AIIIOUY, which it It'ill retains. In the days clined very much in the year 1681, by rea- of king Emalluel of Por/ugal, thol<: peopk fon of the long wars that had then been had erected another, on a li ttle head on the between Alita and Adom, which almoO: ihore,nea r tltevillage,wh ich they were forced difpeoplec1 the country, nnd ac('ord ingly to demoliO" becau[c of lhe frequent attacks ruin ed the trade; in fa much, that it could tlte nat iv es made upon it, and then built fCr M 0 N w E' A L T H of MIN A, carried to the Dutch general to approve of s :\ vc~y lillall rratt of land between Com- them: if he did not, they were to debate I lIImr/o and 1"'/11, fepar:tted from the latter 111"[[Cr5 again in another alf~111bly, till what l by the lillie river lJeflja, on which is the was tran6tted was confented tp by that ge-large (Own of Mimi, by the Blacks call'd neral; which alfo was the method they were Odt/ma, fitllated on :\ low and long penin- liable to, when under the protettion of the \ I lllla; haying the ocean on the fouth, the a- Portuglleft· foreElid river on the north, Commendo on the But ever fince the Dutc~ general has pre- TheDutch weft and the famous caftle of St. George de tended to ta ke thofe pnviJeges from the opprifs the 1a Nlilla on the e:tft. It ftands juft on the town, and make it totally dependent on his Black •. end or head of the peljinfula, and commands arbitrary jurifdittion and authority, the all the town, being fo near that it can throw Blacks have been at great variance and mif. hand-grenadoes into it. underftanding with the Dutch. And as the The town is very long, containing about Dutcb general has thought it his interefr Mina twelve hundred houfes, all built with rock- and fecmity, to keep" that people more and IOW/J. fl:ones, . in which it differs from all othe~ pla- more in bondage, and ufe greater feverities ces, the nonfes being generally only corppo- towards them, the bener to opprefs and curb fed of clay and wood. It is ' divided ' into their bold daring fpirit, and to prevent their feveral ftreets and lapes very i rregl,llar , having any opportunity of forming defigns. crooked, and dirty in ' rainy weather, ' the in oppofition to the Dutcb intereft or advan- ground being low and flat; and the ftreets tage; fo they, on the other hand, have, and lanes c10fe arid very narrow; and more as much as they could, oppofed the gene- particula~ly, it is very dirty and Oappy at ral's defign qf exen::ifing' an arbitrary power the time the river Bcnja overflows and fjlls over them: and by degrees, things are come it with water. to fuch extremities between both parties, as Moft .of the houfes ! of the towri are one I Jhall hereafter mention in its proper place. ftory high, and fome two, all very full of To return to the defcription of the town"Fortiji,,.:. people; for they corrtain above fix thoufand of Mina; it is fortified at the weft end, . to- lion. - fighting men, befides women and chIldren, wards the country of CommClldo, with a ftrona- who are very numerous, every man gene- rock·ftone wall, i~ which is a gate, defended rally keeping two, three, or more ' wives, by fome iron guns, and a large ditch. The as is ufllnl in Guinea.. wall begins at the fea-fhore, and ends at the , . Th, go. The to:-",n is divided into th~ee diftintt river-fide. ./ 'litrmmnt. parts, as If It were three large villages near I have drawn the exaCt profpeCt of the PLATE ~ . on~ another; each part or ward is governed to~n of Milia, and of the caftle of Sr. George, St.George by its refpettive Braffo ; which Braffo'Or go- as It a ppears from fea about three miles dif- and Coen- vernour is affifted by a Caboceiro, and fome tance, 1. O.t he prI n t Il ere I. Orl erte.d ; a II toge- fnoertds,. burg other inferiour officers, who adminifter juf- ther mak10g a fine profpett WIth the fort tice, and have charge of the political ftate : Coenra.edjburg, fituate on the hill of St. Ja- and thefe, all together, compofe the regen- go, feparat~d from the town of Mi,za by the cy of this little republick, ever fince the little river Benja, which runs at the foot of Portllgue[e made it independent of the kings the hill, and is fo near, as to command the of Commendo, and of Fetu, who formerly town, as does the ca!1:1e: fo that it is rm- were mafters of it by equal halves: This poffible for the inhabitants to ftir. happen'd fome few years before the Dt/fcb The Blacks of Milia are commonly hand- Handfom .. "conquer'd the caftle of Mina from the Por- fome, lufty, and ftrong men, of a martial Black,. " fllgue[e; who, from that time till they were courage, and the moO: civilized of all the turn'd out of the place, did protett and de- gold coaft, by the long correfpondence they fend the town from the attempts of the faid have conftantly had [0 this time with the kings, when they attempted to reduce it to Europeans. their o:enowned place in pretty large, next to which is a great hall, full of fmall arms of feveral forrs, as an ~1637· This cafl:k-:o juftly become famous for arfenal ; thro' which, and by a by-paffilge Str. .g tb . beauty a'.1d lflL. renght, ha v.m g no equa I on you enter a fine long covered. gallery, all all the coafts of Guiftea. wainfcoted, at each end of whIch there are It is built fquare, with very high walls large glaCs windows, and thro' it is the way of a dark brown rock ftone, fa very firm, to the general's lodgings, confifring of feve- that it may be faid, to be cannon-proo.t: ral good chambers, and offices, along the The fort is fourteen Rhynlandi/h yards In ramparts. The chappel on the other fid-: breadth, and thirty cwo in length, not to of thefe rooms, is a pretty neat building, reckon the out-works, which extend fi'om and well fitted for divine fervice; at which the river Benja to the ihand. The fort has I was prefent on Eajter-day; 1682. Befides four large baftions, or batteries within, and Sundays, there are publick prayers every another on the out-works. Two of the day, at which all the officets of the gar- baftions lie to the f~a, and are, as well as the riCan, of whatever rank and degrees, are to walls, of a prodigious height, (as appears be prefent, und~r a fine of twenty five ftivers PL:ATE s. by the profpeCt!n the cuti:,; the P?int of.the for every omiffion, and double that fum P min/uta, on which they ftand, bemg a high on Sundays and 'I'hur/days. fiat rock: be fides, two lower Qn the fide Theinfirmary, or hofpital, liesalongthe of the river, where theground defcends gra- ramparts, towards the river-fide; and can duatly from the rock. And on thefe batteries contain a hundred fick men, decently at- forty eight fine pieces of brafs cannon, with tended: and by it is a large tower, which feveral pattareroes. The lower battery on _over-looks the redoubt, but has no guns. the out-works, is full of irpn pieces, which The ware-houCes, either for goods at are fired on all occafions of faluting fhips provifions, are very large and ftately, al- and the like. ways well furnifh'd. The compting-houCes The garrifon commonly confifts of one particularly, are large, finely fitted for the hundred white men, commanded by proper faCtors and accomptants, book-keepers and officers, and perhaps as many black foldiers, fervants, .b eing in all about fixty perfons. all in the company's pay. . Over the gate of a fpacious war~chollfe is The drawbridge is defended by a redoubt cut in the frane, A" 1484, being the year' with eight iron guns, and a ditch in the when it was built by the PortugueJe, in the·_ l ~'. rock twenty foot deep, and eighteen broad, time of Jobn th~ fecond, king of Porlugal.· with an iron portcullis, and four brafs pat- The charaCters look yet as frefh as if cut tareroes within the gate, and a large Corps but twenty years ago. In this fortreCs, is a de Guarde next to it; befides, the bridge is battery without fhoulders, with fome pieces commanded by the fmall arms from the of cannon, to batter the fort on St. Jago's cafile, which renders th~ paffing over it very hill, in cafe of n~ed. diffieult. Th~ goods and provifions are brollght in c •••I , and On the land fide the callIe has .two canals, at a gate that leads to the ftrand, where ciJiI,m. always fllrnifhed with rain, or 'frefh water, they are all hoifted up-by cranes, or tackles. fufficient for the ufe of the garrifon, and and in the fame manner laid out again. !hips ; which were cut in the rock by the This place has be~n brought to the per- '.j PortugueJe, whom it coft much money and feaion it is now in, at the charges of the hbour to blow up the f0ck by little and little Dutch Wejf-India company. It was nothing with gun-powder, efpecially that which is near fa ftroFlg, nor fo beautiful, when they at the foot of rIoe walls on the. town fide. took it from the Portuguife. And indeed, . Befides thFee very fine cifterns within the as it now is, i.t rather looks as if it had place, holding feveral hundred tuns to fave been made for the dwelling of a king, the rain, Co that the garrifon is in no great than for _a place of trade in Gtliner::.- danger of wanting water. Which evinces what is reported of the There is room in the caftle for a gar.rifon Hollanders, that of all European nations, of two h,mdred men, and feveral officers, they are the molt curious and btteft to who may be all very conveniently lodged. make fettlements abroad; as fparing The ·infide of the ca!1:le is quadrangular, neither (harges, labour, nor time, and be!· . built about with fine fr9re·houfes, of white ing fteady and conftant in their un9~t­ frone and bricks, which thus form a Very takings: but it were to be wifh'd, rl:::;:'nad. nne place of arms. on the other ha nd, a greater regaru to the Gtn".r, The general's lodgings are above in the maxims of Chrijfianity, for maintaining their "pa'lment.caf1:le, the afcent to which is upa large au~hority in the plac;,es where they lord it, white and black franc ftair-cafe, defended at in thofe, and like remote countries of the the top by two fmall braes guns, and·f our w.orld; of which I fhall forbear to fpeak at pattaFeroes of the fame metal, bearing 1>Ipon preCen!, and reft fatisfy'd with fome in- the place of arms; and a Corps d~ G~aJtd( ftances~ which occur naturally in the body I of GHAP. S'. CoaJl,f O!SOUTIt-GtTINEA. 1S'9 of thefe mChlOirs, without any partia- loll:, the ca!1:1e o£:&_ George could not hold BARBOT, lity. out long, and therefore as much care ought ~, ran. 6.,- The fmall traa of land that depends on to be taken of this as of tli'ct:n ll:le itfelf. "n. the republick of Millfl, is adorned with lit- The accefs to it is earr on the Bde of Mit/a, Amfs" tle hills ano vales, not very fertile; for there being a road cut 10 the hill, from the il• which rea(on the inhabitants are obliged to fort down to the bridge, with an eafy defcent; get palm-wine, maiz, and cattle, with aJl but on the other fide of the fort, towards other necdfaries for their (ubfill:ence or re-1 Felu country and Commel/do, the hill is very frcfhment, from the countries of Fel"; !1:eep. , /Jb,-amboe, /Jccmles, and Commendo, partlyI· Tile bridge of communication over the ri- BriJg' ( in exchange for their fifh, arid partly for gold, ver, has a draw-bridge, juft in~the middle ' 1 Whilll: the Portugl/ife lorded it there, of it, as well for fecurity, as to let pars the they. caufed great quantities of fruits ~nd fmall !hips farther into the river, to refit. provllions to be fent them from /JXI1ll, whIch At the foot of St. Jago is a large canoe. they fold to the Dutch trading {hips, as haufe, to preferve them from the weather; the produa of the country about Millfl, and aftore-houfe built near it, for the conve- boafting that it was the moll: fertile country niency of fhip--carpenters. I obferved at this of aU the Gold Coaft: but daily ' experience phce feveral tombs or little monuments, has convinced us, that l'.1oude, Cormel1lYII, with abundance of puppets and antick ridi- and Acra; are abundantly more fruitful and culous figures, which, as I was told, are of pleafant, for human fubfiftence ; and were fame kings, and other notable perfons buried \ " it not for the great advantage of the there, all adorned WIth Imagery and other I fifhery, it would be very difficu lt, if not baubles. ~ impoill ble, for fo great a number of people On the north-lide 'of St. Jago'J.hill, and (~) , .• ,./ , as live in Mina to lubfift and maintain the next to it, the general of the caftle of Mil/a Dutch garrifon, has a good large garden, handfomely divi- ded by fpacious walks, and rows of fweet COENRA EDSil uRG FORT_ ON and four orange, lemon, coco, palm, pal. the north lide of the' little river Benja, ma·chrifti, and other forts of trees, and oppofite to the town of Mina, the many extraordinary plants of the country I Dutch thought advifeable to erea fort Com- as alfo variety of herbs, pulfe and roots rromi raedfburg, on the high hill of St. Jngo I Europe. In the midll: of the garden is a large , fo named by the Porluglteft, from a little round; open, and curious fummer-hollfe, chappel they had built on it, dedicated to with a cupola-roof, feveralll:eps leading up St. JameJ, This fmall fortrers was judged to it, Some of the many fweet oranges that by the HollmlderJ very nece!J:~ry to fecure grow In this place, a.re but little interior in the hill, and hindct the accefs to it, and tafte to thofe of China. - :;;-.-. confequentlr for the fafety of St. George's Ben}a, which divides this port of Felt< from Vtry Jalt call:le; tho it feems rather toJhnd there, Mina, is rather a creek than a river, for it ",.Itt . as made on purFofe to reduce it with more reaches npt far into the land; and it has eafe, if it were once takel'l by an enemy: been obferved, that fometimes in dr y feafons, the judgment whereof I leave to others, who the water of it is ten times falter than the have well canfider'd it. firongell: brine, the foil thereabouts being This fort ll:ands in the country of Felli, very nitrous, and the creek fhallow, which being a beautiful quad'rangle, ftrengthened makes the foa-water there be fooner congealed with four good batteries, the walls twelve into falt, than that oft he ocean. The inha- foot high, and !1:rong, having four leffer bitants of Milia., at fuch times, foon boil this fquare batterits, mounted with twelve guns. water into faIt, and make a confider3 ble ad- vVithin the fort is a tower, which com- vantage of it. In the months of May and mands the country about, with convenient June, this water is as frefh as that which fa!1s lodgings for the garriron, not only of five from the clouds; becaufe then the rains are and twenty men under an enfign, which fo great, that the {treams fall from the neigh- are kept there in peaceable times, and re· bouring hills as faft as the tide comes in from lieved from the caftle of Milia every four the fea; f6 that here might be good (00- ~nd twenty hours, but for as many more up· veniency for water-mills, there being water 0.' occafion. The fort is !1:rong, both by enough to turn them. natt."~ " nd art, if well ll:ored with provifions The government of the co all: i~ vefted in G07:,;rt'j and n'!cn; for it may be eafily defended, thedireCl:or-general,who alwaysrefides at them'"t. ( being but twenty-four fathom on each lide, call:le of Milia, taking upon him the title of , . The Dutch are very careful to maintain it in admiral and general of North and Soulb Gui- good repair: for as it was from thence they nea, and Angola; from whom all the gover- ' chiefly obliged the caftle of St. George to fur- nors, or chief faaors, receive their commi[- render, they think it highly concerns them fions, and are accordingly fubordinate to to preferve thi5 fort and hill; for thofe once him, having no power to do ' any thing conlideraL:>k .A Defc1'iptitm' of the BOOK III. '.100 BA1tnOT. dorifiderable without Iris·cdnfent. The moft who enjoys the place fome years, never ~ difficult and important affairs are cognizable, fails of going home nch. and ought to be laid before the council, con- Having been well acquainted with the,ge- ,lifting of the director-genera'l, the fifcal, ,as neral; at the time of my being there, we had well in others as in criminal cafes;' the clUef much difcourfe about the French and Dutch factQrs, the enfign, and fO'metlmes the ' aC'- imerlopers; arguing; whether it were not comprant-general, who are the perfons ad- for the common .intereft of both companies; mitted [0 this council of North . and South Frmcb and· Dutch, that their {hips jhould, as . Gt;inea, as the Dutch call it. The factors occafion offered,feize [ueh lhips of either na- of the out-forts are fometimes admitted, as tioll, as ventured to trade on that coaft. We extraordinary counfellors . . ·Every. member had alfo the advice of his council upon that of this council has ful!..liberty: to' offer:his fubject, who thought fuch. a treaty ought thoughts upon what is to be cleb~ted; but rather to be made ' in !iurope, )between the the jharpeft of them will obferve w.hich fide direCtors of bQth companies; than on the the general is inclined [0, and never offer to coaft of Guinea by their agents: thwart him, whatfoever they tnink, ' for fear To conclude this chapter concerning the of incurring his difpleaCure: fo that the reo caftle of Mina, I lhall only add, that as it folutionsofthe council feldom or never ,vary is the chief place the Dutch have on this from the genel'al's opinion; becau[e he go- coaft, it is alfo the refldence Qf the general~ verns all on that coaft, I from the. \lighefl:' to .or governQur in chief, the principal factor the loweft, in an arbitrary manner, and can and fifcal ;: and theFe aU their lhips which rurn them out of the.ir places, : and, fend come from .Europe come to · an anchor, and them away' from the coaft, without lhow- unlade :. for which purpore, there are very ing any rea[on for ' it, "Thus, in ,reality fine warehoufes to lay up their goods. The the council is of no J ufe; but . to ,ratify the chief. faCtor has charge of thofe warehoufes; general's failings, and to fecure him from which is fometimes worth a confiderable fum being accountable for them, It therefore of moriey to him; and from thence all their behoves the Wejl-India company to beftow other forts .and faCtories ate fupplied with that poft on a perfon of knowni integrity the goods they have occafion for .. The BfClCk-s and difintereftednefs; but it is haFd to find rerort daily to the caftle with their gold; for a white raven. which, af[er it . is weighed, tried, and re- GenerAI's , The general's fafary is 3600 gilders per fin ed; they receive their commodities, none adVAn- AnI!. for the firft three years, befides con- of which ever go out of the ftore-houfes till tages. fiderable perquifites out of whatfoever is they are paid for, the chief factor giving no' traded on the company's account, all along credit, becaufe he is anfwerable for all the the coaft; fo that when tFade flourilh'es, his goods he is entrufted with. Nor can he poft is very confiderable, not to mention charge the prefents ufually made to the na- the advantage he makes of fuch as trade tive merchants to the company's account; under-hand. If continued in the poft after becau[e the faid company allows all their his three years, he is allowed a third more factors a certain advance, which is not only falary for the firft year; and fo every year fufficient for making of the prefenes to the fucceffively , one third more is advanced, till Blacks, but to leav~ them confiderable gai- he is difcharged. He alfo makes a confider- ners ever year, which is done to encourage able benefi t of fines, confifcations, and other them to be the more diligent and faithful in. means, which are fo confiderable, that he the eery ice. .. , ... C HAP. VI. An introduction. French difcoverers of Guinea. Porruguc[c difcoverers there: of. They build the fort at Mina. Fables oft heirs. Cruelty to the French. Behaviour oft he Dutch in Guinoa. INTRODUCTION. ·ing the pretenfions of the French and Porty- I Promifed above to give an a,count of the guefe to the firft difcovery of Guinea; as alfr ' talfj~g of this famouscaftle of St. George of the behaviour of the Portuguefe while tr"y de fa Mtna by the Dutch, for the better in- where fole poffeffors of the Gold-Cofl.,l1; but formation and entertainment of the reader; firft of the French, from fuchauthors ':'f' theirs a~d fhall accor.dingly perform it as briefly as l1S have treated of ir. wIll be convenIent, out of the hiftorians of that nation. But before I enter upon that FRENCH diftoverersofGuINEA. fubjeCl:~ I think it will be very proper. to add S 0 M E merchants of Dieppe having made French fomethmg more than has been faid in the . feveral trading voyages to cape VeI'de, Jifc,()'f)W- introductory difcour[e to this w~rk, conCCfll- and f.1rther on to Sejlro-Paris, on the Pepper- Mm •• Coajf CHAP. 6. Coajls of SOUTH-GUINEA. 161 Coajf of Guinea, in lhe year '364, and in fupport, and ~heir veffcl bcin~ di!ilbled l)ARnOT. the reign of Cbarles V. king of France, in from returning home without refitting, they I../"'I/"'-.J tbe year 1332, undertook, in conjunCtion form'd there the firft Po,rltlgue[e colony '; with other merchants of Rotten, to I fend and after fome time, put to fea ,again, and three !hips to make further difcoveri es along arrived at, Lijbon in 1454. that coaft. Ooe of thofe !hips, call'd tbe The difcovery of this iiland, encouraged Virgin, ran as f.lr as 'Commendo; and thence ~he undertaking of anather expedition, to to rhe place where the town of Milia ftands, IOcreafe ·the new coleny. Thence, in pro- fo call'd, either from the quantity of gold cefs of time, the Portligtle[e advanced to Be- - they got by trading with the Blacks, or their lIill in Guinea; and, at length, ta A cra on concluding that the country was very rich in the Gold Coajf ;' where, having purchafed a JO"o id mmes. In the year 1383, they built good quantity of gold, they return'd ta St. frilere n ftrolig hou fe or factory, in, which, 'I'bomas's iiland . The gavernar thereof re- they left ten or twelve of their men to fecure folv:d to .fit out three caravels, in the year it; and were fo fortunate in improving their 1453/ . wIth a confiderab1e number of men, fGttlement, that in 1387, the colony being and materials to build at feveral places on confiderably enlarg'd, they built a chappel the Gold Coaft. Thefe veffei s proceeded as Portu- to it, and had a very gqod trade with the far as .M illa, forty years after it had been gu:fc nt natives till the year 14 I 3; when, by occa- abandan'd by the Frencb. MIU., [ion of the civil wars in Franc., which in- Marmo! fays, that Santarelli and Efcobar volv'd the kingdom in fuch mighty calami- were the firft that came upon that part of ties, the ftock of thefe adventurers being ex- the Gold Coajf, which is now called Mina, huu(ted, they were oblig'd to quit not only in the year 147 I. King ']obn II. of Porlu- M illO, but all their other fettlements at gal, to fecure the trade of his fubjects in Sejlro Paris, cape MOille, Sierra L eona, and thofe parts, (ent thither ten caravels, in the cape Verde. year 148 I, laden with all forts.of materials PrODf .fl. As a farther proof that the Frencbfound~d for building a fort, and a hundred mafons,. 'J' the caftle at M ina,. they alledge, that not- under the ,ommand of James de Azambuja; Azambuja withftanding the many revolutions, which who, upon his arrival there, fent advice to land, have happened there in paft years, one of CaJamanJe, lord of the country, with whom th",. the baftions is to this day call'd the baftion he had before concluded a treaty of com- of Frallce; and that on it, there are ftill merce, defiring he wauld come dawn t.o fome old arithmetical numbers to be feen, him to ratify it, as being advantageous ta which are Anm 13, the reft being worn out himfelf and fubje&. Whilft CaJamanfe was or defaced by the "ieather: whence they infer, coming, Azambuja landed his men, privately that their countrymen, who built that fort, arm'd under their clothes, and immediately did cut thofe numbers on the ftone, as a me- took poffeffion of a pr.oper place to build the morial of the time when the caftle was built, intended fort; being a li ttle hill, at fome in the year 13 83. diftance from CaJamallfe's refidence, where J were about five hundred houfes. He fet up a POR TUGUE SE difcoverers of GUINEA. ftandard, with the arms of Portugal, on a 'Th,ir irfl THE civil wars of France diftracting the tree, and erected an altar; at which, mafs .dv,ntll". nation, (ill the year 1490, the Porlu- was faid the firft time in Etbiopia, for the gue[e, who then knew nathing beyond cape foul of Henry, late Illfante of Portugal, the Verde, having heard of the mighty profit the firft and chief promoter of the difcoveries of FrellCb adventurers had made of their trade Nigritia and Guinea, as is obferv'd in the in Guima, for almoft fifty yea rs together, intraductory difcourfe to this work. This fitted out a fhipat Lijbon, ilf the year 1452, happen'd on the feaft of St. Sebaftiall, whofe by direction of the In/anle Don Hellry, and name was given to a valley, where the in the reign of Alpbonfo V. king of Porlu- P ortugueje landed. After mafs, Azam- gal, to make difcoveries along the coaft of buja was inform'd of the coming of CaJa- Guil1ea. 11Ian[e, and having rang'd his men in order, This Porttlgue[e {hip happening to be on .fate d.own in an elbow chair, having on a. t~e coaO:, at the time of the great rains, and gold brocade waiftcoat, and a gold collar not being acquainted with the country, nor fet with jewels, all his followers clad in [ilk, l.oed to the climate, ma[1: of the crew fell making a lane before him , that the black fi c'-, _" nd therefore refolv'd to return to prince might admire his grandeur. Cafa- Porth"!",, : but as they had no knowledge of man[e, on his part, was not wanting to GlOW the tides nor trade·winds , in thofe feas, the his [fate, which appear'd by a great num- I {hip was driven ta an iiland in the bight of ber of arm'd Blacks, with a mighty noife of I Guinea, an the 21f t .of December, being the trumpets, horns, tinkling bells, and other T h '; feaft of St. 'l"homas the apaftle; for which inftruments, all together making a hideous !t;s's 0 ' , reafon, they gave the iiland that name. noife. The principal Blacks w.ere drefs'd ijla n(l. Finding there plenty of neceffaries for their after their own. Inanner, as tliey are to this VOL. V. T t day, 162 A Defcription of the BOOK III. AlcaZIYUes, on September 4· 1479. excluding BARBOT. day, when they go to war, as /hall be here- the unfortunate princefs 'Joanna from the fuc- """'" after defcribed ; and follow'd, each of them, by two pages, one ofrheT? c;lrryinga buck- ceffion to the crown of C ajlile; Ferdinand, ler ancl the other, a little round fiool, who had fecured that throne to himfel!" reo th:ir heads and bearus :luorn'(\ with gold, nounced his claim to the kingdom .of Portu- after their [Ilhion. gal; and king AlphonfO V. o~ Portugal, .on fIj, h",h. After the fir~ ceremonies and fa~utes on his part, refign'd the [Ide of king of Cafltle, both fides, which took up fome time, A- he had before affumed. It was farther fti- za11lbtlja made a long fpeech, expreffing the pula ted by that treaty, that the com- great efteem the king his mafier had fur Cala- merce and navigation of Guinea, wid\ the 11Ianfe's perfo n and country; and how earnefi- conqueft of the kingdom of Fez, granted ly he defir~d his, ~nd his pe?ple's. com~erlion by the popes to the kings of Portugal, lhould to the chnftian faith; offenng film hiS affif- remain to them, ex.clufive of the Cajlilians, ftance and friend/hip upOn all occafi6ns, to who engaged not to trade, or touch in thofe which effect he had fent him thither, with parts, without permiffion from the court of a fleer well provided with men, ammuni- Portugal; and on t11e other hand, that the tion, and rich commodities: for the prefer- Canary iilands /hould entirely belong to varion whereof, he hoped he wO!lld allow the crown of Spain. him to build a fort, for the carrying on Manuel de Faria '). Soufa, in his hiftory, Fabu/"" of trade with his fubjects, reprefenting to pretendS, that, contrary to thefe articles of a",,,,,,,, him the many advantages himfelf and his peace, the C aflilians, in the year 148 I, fent ftate would receive thereby; for by that a fleet to trade on the coaft of Guinea; where· means, he would become terrible to his upon, king AlphonJo of Portugal fent a fqua- neighbours, and that many of the black dron to obftrnct them • .u nder the command kings would be glad to accept of fuch pro- of George Correa, who met with thirty /hips pofals, &c. of Cajlile on the coaft of Mina, and after Build, " Calamanfe underftanding the fubftance of a /harp engagement, obtain'd a compleat fort. Azambuja's difcourfe, by means of an in- victory, bringing feveral of them to LiJbon. WJ?I..~ter, and be!ng. a man of good fenfe, But this [eems to be a groundlefs narrative made' feveral objections to what he had of that author's, accordi!lg to the ufual va- faid, endeavouring to divert him from the nity of thofe people, no SpaniJh hiftorian ta- , thoughts of building a fort, and to perfuade king the leaft notice of any fuch action; be_ him to be fatisfied with trading as he had fides, ' it appears that the crowns of Cajlile done' before; but was at laft prevail'd upon and Portugal were that ye~r 148 I in perfect to confent, to it. The next day Azambuja amity, and jointly fitting OUt all their ma- fet his men to' work, and the mafons break- ritime power againft the cru rks; and king ing fome rocks on the fea-fid,e, the Blacks, AlphonJo died before the end of that year; whether it were out of a fuperftitious vene- befides, Azambuja's expedition, mention'd ration they paid to thofe rocks, or that they above that fame year, contradicts this in- could' not approve of erecting a fort in their vention: fo that there is not the leaft likeli- country, began to Ihow their refentment; , hood in that ftory. Nor do I find any more which Aza11lbuja perceiving, he caus'd con- in what the fame author fays, that in the fiderable prefents of fundry forts to be dif- year 1478, the Caflilians fent to the faid tribllted among them, whereby they were coaft a fleet of thirty-five fail" under the all appeas'd, and the Portuguefe carry'd on command of Peter de Cobides, who brought the work with fuch diligence, that the fort a great quantity of gold into Spain; fuch was put into a pofture of defence in !efs than fleets were not at all ufual in thofe da ys, and twenty days, and the' tower rais'd to the if any had been, other autliors muft have firft ftory; the materials abovementioned, made mention of them: we will therefore which Azambtlja brought over, being fo fit- add no inore of. fuch romantick relations, ted, that there was nothing to do but to put this being enough to give the r~ader :l cau- ,them together. This done, he fent home his tion, not to be too hafty in giving credit to earavels with a confiderable quantity of gold. vain-glorious writers. , The Portugllefe foufldtheBlacksvery kind, King 'John II. of Portrlgal, in order to fr- and traded with them at what rate , they cure the whole trade of Guinea in the hand~ would t,hemfelves for their goods; which of ~is fubjects, granted letters patents ':0 'was a great encouragement to the building fome undertakers, himielf joining ;:; ~art­ 'of the aforefaid fort, to feeure themfelves nerJhip with them. Three /hips wei" fieted againft any attempts of the natives, or of a- out; and fo uncertain are the accollnrs of ny Europeans in after-times: and thus to fe- thefe PortugueJeaffairs, that, notwithftanding cure to themfelves the whole trade of that the relation given above out of M armol, rich country. fome refer the erecting of the fort at M ilia to PeACe be· The bloody war betwixt Cajlile and Por- this year: fuch is the confuuon among thoft: St .p.a, i,n" and /1I[a I I)e':n g en de d b y a treaty of peace at who pretend to write the hiftory of that na- Porcug. 1. . tion, CfIAP. 6. Coafts of Sou 'rH-Gu INEA. 163 \ tion. However, it was king John gave that maflacred the ga,rifon, and rnecl it to the BARnDT. I fort the name of St. George, and afterw~rds grallnd, 111 the year 1578. ~ granted many privileges and franchifes to fueh as OlOuld be willing to refide in it. He Barbarity towards the FRENCi~. alfo gave it the name of a city, and calls'd a FRO M that time the Porluglleje loft theil' Portu- church to be built in it, dedicated to St. credit and interell: dn that coalt, when gucfc ,!,- George. After this, the faid king took the they had teap'cl 'all the advantages of the ,lin~. !tile of lord of Guinea, and commanded thofe and no great The Po~t~guefl/ ,ito. Iohget ~~!e to 'kee\,' <\Vahtlry ofgQ~ds. ,!,h]sdone, Coin; returned tne 'field agalOft the Dutch, rem a ihtO, the to 'Jl.lOIIt'd; wuh IllS forces, ie:lVing captain redoubt they had bliilt ' oli the hHl.6'ahtiago. Whlraeven tcY ' command"at Millt2,:'with a !t was , 'nOt long before, t~e~ we.t,~. a1ta~k:f;I , g,rMot't of , 140 I'r\e~, befides fever-aIBlaeh, In that . phtte, ColohelCollic'havIog caus d who 'had nikeh an oath offideliey to them. two wiys;}o ,b,e cilt ', 1h~dJl~h: the, th,k~et:S1J . CoiIJe"to make his adv~ntage of the··wn- ~hlch t~)V~; on~ fi~~ort,he hlll~th~ 'ohe:,le~d~, fterriat\~n ,the fpeedyconqueft of the caftle 0; 1Ogt6 the nver 'Daj,a,>~anp the othe'rdi~ly Milia,Had fpreadalo~g ~'rie . Gold-Coaj! ,' fent , to the r~doubt on the hill; lwGi pieces' b~i:afi­ a canoe,' with'a letter td rJle governor of·the non and 'a mortar v.I~re bi-ou~h't ' yp the '\iill, Porluguefe .fort, called ,St.' Anlolly" at /lxilJZ; and hiounted, bn anlidvantageolls fpot,which' the mo,~. importal,lt poft the Porluguefe had cdmri\,hided thecallte fo ' ~'nti\'e!y; ' 'tha'tten on that coaft, ' riext ''roMina, to fllmmoli or twei ve borilostheDutcl;i threw from thence; him to furrender that place, before he came ;'vere vel-y neal' fall ipg 'into the pliJ.{:\i: : . ." to attack it with his forces. The gov~rri'or; .... In' the mean tinie, ·ithothe.r 'decachm'eht of who had more courage than the 'Other 'a t .' DZlt'c'h a'rid COllllllen'tio rBldcks wll'steiit 'olllf, to Mina, ' con0dering the Dutch could norwell attack the Mina merCk,,:, and -b.f~efw~rds 'the befiegc his fort, by rellfon of the {:()ritiniJal weft· end of txir town.,' ..1 1he·' Cvill>h~ndo' rai'ns of. that fea{~:m; ' anfwered, that he ~as .Are ".. pulfid. illacks arterilpti gte drive away Corne' c;~tde, ready to.' give Coine' a good reception, jf he were j~ 'danger of b'ei.ng "clIV i~ p')d:~s~ hact fhould.pretend to befiege that pla<'e, which not the condilQ: of th¢lt offi¢'ersp~vI!nted It; he w·as1-efolved to 'olifend to the Jaft excre- by kedpi'ng \:he(n' Gi6re'iiI"a '!jddYI_al?og the mity,', far his. k19g a~d mafber. This refo- ri:;er', Benja, wh'ich~overed 'tHyrli,; 'CO' that l'~te ' llhfw\,r 'obliged ~ Cciin~t{) put off that' en- tl\'e fdl 'ot'th'at day was (pen t i)l 'fl{il% iffiing: t-erpti :1;e, ta a more. !fa>i6Urable opportimity'; Th:n\e':kt day, Ithe Dutch beibg' fditfor.ced a'itd ~he 'Dtlt'ch did not ' reduce/lxim till the from their n'tainbb'dy; anack;ed'the, t?\~~·o~ year 1'1542, Coine returned co Brazil with .hi·s Milia;:b " t w..ere forced 'to r~pr'~, by,t he ~rea ~ fleet afidf6rc~s, w here. coUnt John Mat/rictof fire 'fraili the 'cafri~~ ' I . , . ' . , .. , ., .... NaJ!afu' c'au'ferp. ii·iln to he 'received at Olinda . ' the!day after, thelg¢i)etal'fehihfi'ldj: dec and Ar'ruff_,' under a dife hargeof aHrhe·can- iays {hould be prejudicial eo his defigr, anq non, ·and ;,,,,ieh: a·IYother-rnarks of ·honollr; difappoint 'th~ 'tlhde,rta~i~g, f~himoIJ~d the '[\he. Du!ch no~ beca'rne maftets 'of the cafri'e as foop 'as It ,w as 'lIght, ,prctelling he lm'poi"tant: 'place -af Mina, 'endeav~u~ed to DU0c~htll­ wcluld p\tt aU the gatrifon 'to t)1e, fWdtd; "it engrli1tl, Mina; 'and abr~ptly in , ~ l~amj)f1,{ili(\, he wo~dJI detain MOl/ree, forbidding [hem, under fevere pe'- {l,e, ' an~ [ei~c ', l\e,fjp,Qlh anel Il<\el cftrCl:.~a ll y nalties, to hold any correfpondence, or [fade dQne it, b~t tJJa.t,1l ,qiefirctl him , Cq fent! with other E uropeans, as has been obferv'd aboard, and enquire, Whclhef I had not leJt before; and proceeded to lordit ,qY~r th~f11 . p~qtiY,e ordeJs WIth the maf1:er, to fell no- fo abfo lutely, as to take eogOlznnte of ct ',rlet of the ' BlaCks! r)yho preenutions, the Blacks were not 'dece rr'1li were al'lll:J.d;.Pt"m'b 'Jt t/u- .F(?1"C tTruu: Z,"ruicJ''(m ZlNJ?T/V. M.A"'Prch..,Endt;. CHAP. 3. Coafls of SOUTH-GUINEA. which they bought of the [;1ctor of one Ca- for.t of that nation, call'd FrcddrickJblltl!;, BARno,.. J 1'010; who had builr it for the Dnllijh CO I11- qtllte overtopping the El1glijh callle at Carlo, ~ pary. That fort, in the year 1664, was as I !I" tll ob!crve hereafter. dc!roy'd by rhe ElIglijh, under ad miral The 'walls of Carlo caltle are high and HOlllcs, aftcr his expeditinn to fort JFtlfen, thick, cfpccially on the land-fide, part the re." at Incol' lI1'\', who " ftepelrds took thofe of of. being of rock-Ihme and part of Luge ./i,;" and /ll1fllllaboe, belong ing to rhe Dllic/;. bricks, which the El1glijb make, at fame Dc Ru y- ['he next YClr tho DllIC!; , taking their dl!l:ance (rom the place. ~ cr • re'C nge, as has been mention'd before, ad- The DUlcb ad miral de RII)'ter was rent by Durell. minI de Ruyter cn.11e from Gibraliar, with the ftate" to the coall: of Guinea, to dril'e "if'PPom,- a lluadron of tr.lrteen men of wa r, to the the Ellglijh from fc,:,eral of rheir forrs and ~~r~~. cart call: of Gllima, and fetting upon the Eng- fcrtlemenrs, of which they had pof[efs'u Ii) rhere, defl::oy'd mo!l of their factories, themfelves in 1664 by force of arms and t(ok Corme!:lin ca!lle, 'Iacorary fo rt and fllrprize, under the condllct of ad miral oher places upon that coaft, and feiz'd on HolmeJ before-mention'd; Ivbo macle him- f ::> 11 b'l f , ca!l:le, are very large, and v:e - ':lI to · lege of having the ca!l:le in his country_ brick, having three fronts, whIch, wIth the The agent general of the Englijh mm- platform on the routh, almo!l: make a qua- .pany, who bears , the title of genera of drangle, anfwering.to the inlide of the walls, Guinea, fronl' Sierra Leona to Angola; ufu- and form a very hahdfome p~ace of arms, ally relides at Cajlle'~oajt, or Corfo, W1ere well paved; under which, IS a fjDaclouS he keeps the great ftores r and the acco\nts manlion or place to keep the !laves in, cut of the ether forts and lettlements on naE out of the rocky ground, arch'd,. and divi- coaft; the trade whereof conli!l:s in g.ld,. ded into feveral rooms; fo that It WIll con- elephants teeth, naves, wax, red-wood, «ui- veniently contain a thoufand Blacks, let nea cloths, &c. which migh turn to on- down at an opening made for the purpofe. liderable profit, were it well and junly na- Fr.u';". The keeping of the !laves thus.under Wound, naged. But! aIlI aptto believe, want of virue is a good fecurity to the garlfon agamft a- ~nough to with!l:and the temptatinns of cp_ ny infurreaion. . ;" , portunity and importunity of bad t1(ampe,. A curious contim{d balcony runs along. induces many of the company's fervants ~o the buildings at the firft ftory, with han?- make no fcrupLe of breaking the oath ,th.y fome !l:air-cafes on the outlide, at certam take, not to trade for themfelves direCl:.y diftances, on each front, for a communica- or indirealy any way whatfoever; wherll)f tion between the rodgings of the garifon; many inftances may be given. This, :0. and under the balconies are [everal Chops. gether with the vaft number of interloprs Next the agent general's apartment is a and other foreign trading /hips refortingto large ftately hall. There are alfo [pacious the coaft every year, deprives the COmpuly ftorehoufes, and counting-houfes for the of the beft Chare of the commerce. HlW faaors and other officers ; fome of which to remedy it, I leave to the direaors of ttC rooms we,re not quite fini.Ch'd' in the year faid company. Certain it is, that few, wb 1682. The then agent Greenhil, my very can live well at home will venture to repar good friend, was diligently emplo'y'd in £1- !O the .Guinea coaft, to mend their circth'tl: nifhinO' them. .. . frances, unlefs enwuraged by large falaries . Th~ O'oarifon and other company foldiers and that a fmaller number of faaors b; I:;IIrifon. amount to about a hundred whites, and employ'd, as I have often reprelenred it to near the like number of Gromettoes, with the direCtors of the royal African COmpany _t heir refpeC1:ive officers, all clothed in red, in France; whofe trade ~aily .decays, thro' and in the pay of the Roya~ African Com- .the III management 0: theIr fervanrs in pany. Guinea, who to their cwn vices, add thofe Wate,.. They are fupplied with water, in time of of the people, among vhom they live and fcarcity, from a large ciftern, which holds converfe. And they ned not go fo far toob- above three lmndred tun of rain, gathered ferve the faults of thoRpeople to have mat' in the wet feafon, from the top~ and leads ter of railing when thY' come home con- of the houfes in the cal1:le. lid~ring, that nothior is bafer, as Seneq Fa"lt of The only fault of this fortrefs is -its near- wntes,. LIb. r. de 1n00bus, than to objeCl: the fort. nefs to the Dallijh mount, at Manfrou, which that to another, whichnay be retorted upon being high, and lying fo near Corfo, .may one's felf. And SI . .t1ugujtin's confemon batter it to ruin, with good large cannon. chap. 10. fays, a curius fort of people t~ I have feveral times from the Danes ' fort pry into other men's ives, and !lothful tC feen the men walking in .the place 0f arms, mend their own. Fonone of us European! at cape Corfo. The Englijh are very fenli- ever go to Guinea, ht we are apt at OUI ble of this defea, and therefore endeavour return to make horri piaures of the man. by all means to live amicably with the ners and vices of th~/acks. Danes; and I believe would willingly per- This muft be f.lidonce for all, that the fuade them to quit that fort for a fum of generality of thofe ho look for fuch em- money. ployments, are nedlitol!s perfons, who Anolb,r. Another inconveniency for the ca!l:le of ' cannot live at home and perhaps moft of cap~ Corio is, its being built too near 'the them of a temper [improve all oPPOrtl!- three great hills, to the N W. ao" .j morning till night, bcing a S W, breeze, :nOO!l . very nobly , ~ncl gave mc the cliver-~ fom etill1es blowing fo rold, that there is no fion of·:\ Il:,ock fight among Blacks, repre- '·1, enduring of it; for which reafon , this place fentlng rh~lr truc manner of engagine; ill is reckon~d much hea lthier than cape Corio. battle, whet'cof 1 {hall give a pal'ticular PLATE II.' I have here inferted the profpeCl: of this defcription in its proper place. ,. II, fort. Whather it be UflH1J with the Dalles to Dnnirtl A good regular fort, well f1:orad and ga- treat ftr 'lngers fumptuouny, or whether itn. . /J, I'J', rifon'd , on this mount, would be almoR: IS only peculiar m thofe parts, I J11uR: own impregnable, by reafon of its natural fitua- their entertainment was magnificent, and we cion. As it is at prefent, thertt is no danger had fometimes nbove twenty hea llhs drank of its being ever reduced· by the Blacks. at a mea l, five or feven gu ns fif'ing to each The EIIl,lijh at capo Corio muR: fate very ill, of them, aceorcjing to the dignity of th~ if ever the two crowns of England and Dm- perfon I which made me nclmire the batteries mark fholllel be engaged in a war; for the could ftand fuch frequent firin o-, being fo ill Danes can batter the ElIglijh fort, and llt- built, and fo much decay'd. 0 terly ruin it, without receiving any damage The Dan.e~ haviA~ aflifted the EIJglijh, \n;:c~:?'f ' themfelves, for they entire! y overlook and their expedltloll agaml1: cape Corio, 111 1664, . command it. The Englijh royal /lfrican 'l>'ere al,4>w'd to have a f"Cl:ory on the N W. company would do well, if pomble; to ' pur- ' fide of t'he town Ooegwa, .with the DaniJh chafe that fort of ~he Danes ~. any rate, and ,~olours on ',it. . Th,ere ' they kept 'a fa~or to build there aryother llro'nger an~ m'ore . for fome yeilrs to c;.arry on the trage, but regular, to fecure that poft from falling it was ~f~et'w.ri:\sa.bandoq'd, fo that t)ley into the hands of an enemy; f6r it ,would . have now only the' -fettlemcnt' at Manftou, "bse a fure bulwark to their caftle at Corio, on the Gold Coajl ; for their former for~ at the Dutch now kel:p their fort Caenraedf /lcra, which whe/lJ ~ame ·thither before, burg, on the hill of Salltiago, for the greater Was ftill in their ppffeffion, and · whcre I tra- fecurityof their caf1:k of Milia, ded confiQerably fpr gold and naves, with G~rrifon. The garifon in the fort is anfwerable to the thell goverl).or Olrick,f, is now in the the place, being fometilues about twenty hands of the Por1tigJIeje of Sf. 1'POIIIC, ' who White men fit for fervice, betides the Gro- bought it, after .he t)1urdcr of .he (ajel a/- mello Bloch. It is generally obferv'd, that ricks, by a G"cfiall' .of his corppany, as I of all the European nations, which live on {hall obferve in anotber place. . that coaft, the Danes lofe moR: men in pro- By what has !;Jeep laid of tile bu!ine[s the Th,;. portion, tho' fctded in the beft air; which Danes have Oq the Cold Coa/f, it may be'rRdr. is afcribed to their ill diet and government, concluded their /lFican company makes but wherein they exc~ed the EJlyifh of cape a very ,incon/iderilble advantage of it, and Corio, being often in want of mO)1ey to buy chat thro~gh the. ,unfaithfulnel s of their (er- the moft necelfary things for their fubfif~ vants ; for fC,arcp,>}ny one, who isfent over tence, and great lovers of hot liquors, which from Dellmark, ~\l perfon of known inte- quite fpoil th6r fl:omachs. . grity to the colnp~ny. , as chief or general, FAtAl pia" It has been alfo obferv'd, that Danijh YlO- livcs,long on the,c9.aH, ~~.tj s either fnatch'd ,. Danilh men carinot live long there, being commonly a)vay by a narura), dea~hl or by th~ .contri- ""mtn. fubjeCl: to a prodigious lofs of b190d, by I\ vance of his in fer iors, afil f1:ed by cl,e l]laclq, diltemper peculiar to their fex ; as lately the better · to co,mpi\fs their .own deligns. bappmed 10 a general's wife, who had not Thus it fQmetimes cO\TIes ,to pafs, ,that a gun- Unce.t.;n' been there a year. (ler of .t~e fort, W other fuch mqan ' per\qn;:~:;" ' . Tl,e beft roads for {h ips at Mq,nfrou is fucceeds m that £p,fr a.nd fo manages affa\1:s . due fouth from the fort, in thintee\1 or four- accord.ing to .his f(J1al! ,capacity, ,or ra~her .tq teen fathom water, good hlllding grpund. his w,ick,d incliu",tiot;l t9 e.tJ)"ich h,~I);lre,lf. ill (1.5 T11e Englijh of cape Corio, p.retend the roae! .lbo;t ~ time a,s ,mf,y;-l;,c ; '!«;l0""ing h~ W\IR: is within their limits, 1hor,t1~ .be remov d, qr , ,~lfQharg'0 by ,t;he Landing. Theeafieft place 'toland tbere, .' is'.on ,the comBany, his cor\lmp.J\r;!. \;Ieing .o~ly prp iil- eaft-fide of the hill, to boats rl)maining N /,f.rk";, 0,1' that .he IjlaY' Jb~, r"rv;d, by . jlis; in~ anchor at a diftance, without . tbe , .\"oc~, · f~.iQr,s, . ~~ his p~el\~~y1f.qr. ,W.~S before, AVf'F,y and waiting for .the canoe~ of Jh, B,la~Jrs 9Jl,~ flldp.vP.pllyr \\'S: it9 ,!ll1l-! from lhore', to carry :them .oyer Qhe ,pr,eak, ~be ~ck;s, ,~a~g~ ;!lro\TIifes 9f . gr,~t\li~le;;, ing fea, which forpetimes.is d~pg~r\l\1s. : • \ . If it~ey fllll ot?c,~Nriv;e.iH rllat fpprenw pq!t, GAYdm. . The Danijh ~,neral ,has a lJ,1rte, (pacio\l~ ~H\~y'/!,:penc~ 0,(, q1Qpa'~ Ild ,'iB0ne¥,. , . garden for his dlv~rfion" on .t~e ;N E, j).p~,of Of the two Danijbg~PGra ls I ,kne.w .dwr~ the fort, about .\1alf a mile frOlj\l ,ie, .ao.red 9Ur~Qg ,.IlIY vOy'ages, ,lje fide ~adbeen . the with great variety -of ,t rees, and IP\an~, .and g~nl)er ,of ,the f~r£; t,\\q latter, a li~u~en!u\t, particularly orange and ' lem9Ib\re.es\ :In as he faid hi,l;Ilf!',\f ; .. ~m l0t..h~r~ wld,l1)e heih~d the midR: of it is a large ftate1y fummer- been the other general;; fervant, a brifk, VOL. V. - Y y bold, 174 A Defcription of the bold, daring welJ;ktman, and ver)' young; fet to make his own collin, and then 1hot BU,BOT. V"V'I both- whiclL advanced themfelves by the to death. aforefaid means. The firll: was murdered The Danifh company pays a yearly ac- I in his turn; but what became of the other knowledgment to the king of Felli, for fort ' • I know not, having ' left him there, atl:ing Fredericksburg, and have allow'd a vote in the part o~ a gene~l: . yet am apt to be- the eleCl:ion of a general to be chofen there lieve, he did not enJoy It long. .1 was to!d upon occafion pro interim, when that poft there of an unparallelled inhumamty of hiS. becomes vacant, This is the occafion of The book-keeper refufing to comply with the great abures fo frequently committed him in the manner of keeping the books, he there, and of men's lives being fo much ex- procured lome v~lanous Blacks to accufe him pofed j good men being made away, to make of feveral mifdemeanors and breach of trull:, room for villains. for which he was tried by a fet of men, The country beyond the Danifh mount is both Whites and Blacks, as is ufual there, all hilly, high and elole, and little ofit cui. all of them corrupted. The poor man be- tivated; but rather moft of it cover'd with ing thus conviCl:ed, and fentence of death fhru bs and woods, through the fiothfulnefs pronounc'd againft him, was immediately of the natives. , \ . C HAP. IX, Saho'e kingdom defcribed. Fort Nafl"au. p~odua and trad~. The Fantj~ COY,!- try; Anichan, Anamaho, Agga, or AdJa. Great and lIttle Cormentln vII-, tages. De Ruyter's a£lions againft the Englifh. Other fmalter villages. T S ABO E Kingdom. ,The houfes ftand fcattering at a dill:ance Ling/hand HIS ' little kin~dom of Saboe is about froni one another; and it is very ill walk- bre.dth. · ' two leagues In breadth along the ing on the , rocky ground between them. coall:, reckon ing from the foot of the Danifh This place, in former times, was called the mou!lt, to about two Englifh miles, below burial-place of the Dutch, becaufe of the Mouree; where it joins to ' the 'country of great numbers of them that died there, Fanlitl; and about twice that length, up fince their firft fetding at fort Naffall. the country northward. . ' Saboe ' T he town of Sabot, where the king re- Fort N ASS A U. 10.... fides, is about two leagues and a half up the T HIS fort was fo built, as fully t? COI?- Situ.ti.,,: inland, being a large populous place. There mand the town of Mouree, which lIes D.m., ~c; Icon, are three maritime villages, viz. Icon, or about it, almoft in a circle, except on the \. , Congo, half a league eall: from the Dams hill, eaft fide, where it is defended by the fea. where are frill to be feen on two hillocks, the It was built in the year 1624, at the coft ruins or remains of a fine frone houfe the and by order of the States-General, and Dutch had formerly there, on which they called fort Na.JJau, in h011.0ur of the family difplay'd their CO'lours to keep away other of the princes of Orange. Afterwards the Europeans, for fear of lelrening their trade frates gave it up to the Weft-India company. at Mourec. .1 I d.· :: The firft frruCl:ure of it was night, the bat- Mouree. The fecond maritime town is Mouree; teries being only of turf, which was frequently feated on a large rocky flat point, jurting ruined by the mighty rains, and fo the out a . little way towards the SSE. exai:1ly garifon expofed to the infults of the Por- in the fifth degree of north latitude. It is tuguefe at Mina, who ufed all their endea- neither fo large or populous as Mina; but vours to obftrutl: the deligns of th~ Dutch» well inhabited by fifhermen, who go, OUt whilft ,t~ey, the better to eftablifh their in- . moft mornings in four hundred canoes, or terell:, ufed all means to gain the favour more; and at their 'return' pay the fifth of of the kings of Saboe, to be by them pro- the fifh they take, to the Dutch faCl:or there, tetl:ed againll: the Portugueje, wherein they as a duty impofed on the natives, in like were fucceCsful enough: thofe natives ha- manner as is praCl:iCed at Axim and Mina : ving for a long time conftandy adhered [0 a prerogative which 'none of the other Eu- them, as being the firll: Europeam they were ropean ,'lations have alrumed over the Biac1cs, aCCijuainted with; and in order to cultivate a on any pan of that coaft; aDd which good c,?rrefpondence, fent two envoys into fhows how the Dutch have extended their Holland to the direCl:ors of the Weft-India authority over thoCe Blacks. . - company many years ago., , _ Abundance of Accanez Blacks have 1Q(lg~ After the Dutch had made themfelves Str ..g th mgs in this town, the better to carryon rryafrers of the caftle of Mina; they caufed . their trade with the Du/{h iuid natives. a half.moon to be cut .off from fort Nfl.JJflU, and CHAP·9· Cr;ajl.r of SOUTH-GUINEA. and put it into the good condition it now The father of the prefcnt king of Sabo. BARROT. is, being almoO: fquare, the front fomewhat hac! long wars with the Alii and the Acca-~, larger than the other lides, and all the nez Blacks, his neighbours northward, oc- works of good black ftone and lime. It calion'd by his intolerable exaCtions; but has four batteries, on ~hich arc twenty fOllr the prefent king, being of n peaceable and guns; the 8anfon beIng forty white men lefs covetous temper, has appeafed all thofe belides the hired Blacks. The walls ar~ troubles. The numbcr of the Aili Blacks ve ry high, the cllrtin extends to the two is much greater than that of this king's fea-batteries; being fo fpacious and conve- fubjeCts; and yet it ofren happen'd in the nient, that it may be eaftly made equal to wars, that the Saboll Blacks, who are dex- the came a t cape COlfo, for commanding at trous in the ule of fire-arms, routed them, fea. It is alfo adorn'd with fOllr large fquare and brought down feveral heads, bot h of towers, at the fOllr angles; and at the "ate the Aui and Accanez Blacks to the Dutch is a drawbridge, covered with a gallery" to f.1Ctor at Mouree. contaIn feveral men to fcour it, with their The beft landing-place at Motlree is at a fillall arms. The lodgings within the fort ba y, juft under the cannon of the fort, on are neat and convenient; and in Ihort, this the ENE. lide of it; which muft he with is the beft place the Du/ch have in Guillta, the help of canoes, as is praCtifed at many next to the caftle of Mina. The view of other parts of this coall:. it is very pleafant, and exaCtly reprefented PLATE 11. here in the cut. 'l"ht FAN TIN COlllllr)" The Englifl) commodore Holmes took this B 0 R DE R S weftward on Saboe, at the ltslimit,. fort from the Dlltch, in 1664, as has been iron hill, which is about an EllgliJh before mention'd; but admiral de Ru)"/(r mile in length, having on rhe top a delight- recover'd it from them again in 1665, with ful walk, fo c10fe Ihaded by the trees, that the affiftance of nine hundred Mina Blacks, it is reported to be fomewhat darkned at fent him by Valkel1burg from Mina. He noon.day. Northward this country extends improv'd the fortifications to [he condition its limits to Alii, Aqua, and 'l"onqua; on here laid down, and garifon'd it with Eu- the eaft to Acron; and on the fouth it is ropean foldiers, and fifty natives. bounded by the rea, along which it extends CIT''"' The Dutch chief faCtor's garden is 01) above ten leagues. The principal villages the weO: lide of the fort, at a fmall diO:ance, along the {hore are, Anichan or IngCllijian, and reckoned the fineft on all that coaft ; Anamabo"'1)r Nomabo, Aga, CormeJ1tin, S<4./I",.,; being adorn'd with cu rious walks, fummer- Am.rfa, . Little Cormen/in, Aqlla, Lagu)'o houfes, and feats, and plentifully O:ored with and Mountfort; beliJes fome others of lefs trees and plants; belides much variety of nore, from the laft ~bove·named to cape faHeting and pul fe: but has the fame fault R'l)'ge.houk; in all which places there are as the other gardens at Mina and Manfrou ; four thoufand lilhermen, or upwards. which is, its being c10fe hemmed in by The capital town Fan/ill, from which the CApitAl. . great hills. country has its name, lies five leagues up . the inland, where there are many other vil- PRO Due T and T R A D E. lages fcatter'd . about it. . THE kingdom of Saboe produces great This country is 'a fort of common-wealth, Gw".- ..' plenty of Indian corn, potatoes, yams, under the direCtion of a Braffo, lignifying mtnt . palm-oil, bananas, oranges, lemons, and a commander or leader. He is in the na- other fruit, wherewith near an hundred ture of a chief governor, having the greatelt canoes are dail y laden at Mouree, for Acrti power of any man in the dominion; but and Axim, btlt moftly with palm. oil. The is kept in awe by the old men, fomewhat Ind,,/hiDfIS natives are accounted the moft induO:rious, in 'the nature of a parliament; and aCting Black,. pains. taking Blacks of any in thefe parts; as ther think fit, without ever confulting either in tilling the ground, lilhing, or the Braffo. Belides this genera l aiTembly, trading with the Europeans, and the Acca· every ' part · of the country has alfo its pe- na people, by whom a great 'quantity of culiar chief, who fometimes will fcarce own gold is brought down hither, to buy goods, the Braffo for his [uperior, he having only lilh, and fal t. " .. an empty title without any power. '~""h . The Dutch, by ufurping fo much auth?- The Blacks, tho' generally a treacherous 11-.1,. _rbilrarf. my over there. people, have of late ,quite fort of ' people, naturally bafe, and great I .. , loft their affeCtion,. and very much of- their cheats in 0ther things, as well as in' adul- uade; fowing divifion between the king of terating g.uld ; yet drive a great trade with Saboe, and the inhabitants of Mouree, who all interlopers, . without regarding the Eng- are forbid by ~he Dutch to pay .~im a~y liJh and Dutch faCtors fettled in the country, duties: for which · reafon, that prince will efpecially at Analllabo and Cormen/in, at .willingly affift any other European nation the former of which places the ElIglijh have I with two thoufand Blaclcs to beat the Dulch a call:le, the Dulch one at the latter; of out of their fort. both. -A Defcription of the BOOK Ill. both which l th;tll fpon fpe2.k. Neither of The village it [elf is very inconfiderable, BATtllOl'. ~, thofe European nations dare oppofe the n2.- nor is it worth while for a lhip to come to tives trading with interlop~rs Qr others, for an anchor in the road, which is half way f,;1r of being ruin'd dwmfelv~ I for chafe betwixt it and Anam(Jbo cafrle ; fo that this Blach are defperate, and can bring roge- lafr may be eafily feen from it, tho' feated ther eight or t~n thoufand men ina very {hort on a low ground. ' time: peG,des, that they may !hut up. the panes to the 4ccanez and pther' /lations , A N J\ M J\. B a or JAM r 5 s r A ~ northward, which driv.e a great traoe to the I S a pretty large and populous Village, fe~-coafr" as well for EuropMn goods, a~ about a fmallleague from Cor1llentin, an?- \ ' for fi(h and white faIt, of which I~£l: nil: ' two leagues and a half from MOl/rec, dl- i quantities are Cent to 4c~anez; f~r whiGh vided into twO p'lftS ; the one inhabited by l privileg~ thofe people pay a certa1l1 duty Mtn~ fi!h~rmen, and the other by thofe of in gold to the Fan/inians. Moll: of that P(lnll11, who pay a duty to the.BrajJo of Dllt is il1)ade by the heat of the fun, io a 4nalllabo, for the liberty of filhmg there; large lak" not f~r di(1:ant from th~ tqwn. for which reafon dle town can furnilh a$ Thcr@is no 'dqubi, but thof~ F(l11linl(ltJS ar!) m~nyarm'd men, ~s the whole kingdom of a very ,forp1idilplt; nation; and were it not S(l~oe, or that of C01/lmendo; though this for the continual ,divifions among them- be but a fihh part of the people of Fanlin. felves, they might prove very troubJefome ,The natives are generally defperate viI· RAft n~ [0 their l\eighbours. lains, and mufr be narrowly look~d to in ,;"m. The inlaf1d peopJe employ themfdves in dealing with them, and their gold well til.lage and wIde, and fupply the markets examin'd, being for the moft pim adul- wlthfrvlt, ~Qrf1,and palm-wme ; the country tcrated. producing fu~h vall: plenty of Inail: or The village lies under the cannon of the Englilh ' IlJ.djlYl wheat, tnat , ab\l,nd2.ACe is daily fXC EngliJh ,call:le, lately built there, inflead offtr<· ported, a~ well by EUI'Opfo.11f, as BI!lck; re- an old houfe, which frood there in 1679. fQrtifig thither fronl Other' pllrtS. Here i~ th~ mud-walls whereof are (till to be feen Palm· 'I fqfC of palm-wine, called f! main, whi~h the fea forllerimes breaks very dan- ~ taill!ng ic, an~- the . El1gliJ4 af1d Porlltgueje g~ro\lny. The !hips boats anchor dofe by, t"\ . baY-lOg gatfooilOg there; they :l.bandooed it. , iIond thep~qple are carry'd a!hore in canoes, Engliih , The .Englifb have a, factory-there; a~ this which come our from the town, to a nar. there. tinw, · .e~, ;Brazil (weet-meats, (olip, rUnl, and The ,earth here: i~ _v~ry{1t formak.ing of¥4i'~i41. fuch , like American <;omm<:loiti~s; , :but l good bricks, . the , Q)lfteI;./heJls afford good1:,r.,6u#- cannoe imagine what advantage h~ , Gall make li~e,. . and . the~ is . plent.y of timqef f0f mg. of it, . uI;llefs he buys Eur?peall goods .of build\l1g. -:, . ' _' , ' the 'interlopers, or has them, fent ffOro. HolT The cQuntry, abo\lll. this place.is l full of la.nd by the Jews, who know hQW to get clofe hills, beginning aJ1a good clift.ance Porlugueje pafi'es; andfuch {hips, when from the town. ,TherQ :are fiV,e together, they, come upon the coaft, are received" as higher thau the reft.which are a good land- if they really came from Porlugal. J : mark ---------- ------- - -- ~ I I 1, I ~ \ \ I I II I,I ~ , I II mark to know.Antl/J/tlbo, from fome leagues a faaory of turF, kept by two white men, BARPJT. to the wcfhvarQ .. Th~ re is great variety of fome Grolllelto Blacks; befides a ttftor, who ~V"oI trees, affording , a very pleafant profpect. difplays the Englijh colours. Here is the beft ,palm-wine of all the coaft of The Dutch fort was only a bare redoubt, Guinta, of the fort ' abovemenriot)'d, call'd deftl'oy'd by the E1Iglijh in 1665; beif)g ~,aker. There is alfo grea t pleOty of mait, blown up the fame day the Dutch admiral • and an infinite number of parrokeets, about de. Ruyter attempted to land at .!Inamabo ; as bigas fparrows, their bodies. curious green, bur could not do it, being hinder'd, both and their heads alid tails of a moll: beautiful by (he breaking of the fea, and the great redl; fome whereofI c"rry'd toPnris, ro pre- firo of the El1glijh, affiftcd by the FlIII/in fent to fome of the blood-royal of FrafIC(, Blacks, from behind the rocks, which there Thefe birds are fold there for a crown a dQ- cover the iliore; as alfo of the cannon from :/len; but they arc fo very hard to keep a+ the fort. Th~ Englilb at Agga tlot imagining Jive, that not onc in twenty furvives the that the Dlltcb OlOuld mifcarry at Allfllllabo, long voyage to Europe. . , but. rather concluding they would inntlli- P :lP1S l ' have there eatco excellent green cab- bly land there that day, and immediately frl/it. bage; as alfo PtlpaJ, a green fruit, '\bout march towards them, in their way to C01'" as big as a little melon, which tafte like col- ?nC1llin fort, which they had in view, under- Iyflowers. The greateft inconvenience there, mincd .the faid fort at Agga, and lert a match' is, that they muft fetch frefh water from two of fuch a length to the powder, as they leagues dif1:ance', by rpeans of their naves. thought would burn till the Dutcb came slav" ••a The road at AI/tlmabo is generally full to thefort, and then blow them lip, when C01'.. of Englijh fhips, or thofe of other nations, they l1ad taken po!feffion of. it: but the ef- anchoring there to trade, or elfe for corn' f~cbdid not anfwer, for the place blew up, or ' other nece!faries; but more efpecially without doing any other damage, no body for naves, which are fometimes. to be had. being near it. ' in confiderable numbers: and " there are. The DUJch writers complain of inhumani- { great quantities of corn for the O)ips that ties, or, to ufe their own expreffion, barb~­ have bought flaves at other places along the: rities commi tted by the El1gtijh againft their coaft, or at Fida, Calbary, Rio Real, &c. men, when they tdok. that fmall forr from This great concourfe of- iliips to .!Inamavo, them, . and. the other they then had at Alla- very much obftruas the company's trade. mabo. \vith the nativ~s , whom, as I obfer-",'d a" LIT 'TLE CORM' ENTIN villnge, bove, the Englijh . f'laOrS dare untry. Large c0nvcrnient ble trade, and is very dangerous to land· at, cirterns are made in; it W' hokl; Fitincwacer. Cot"• . I the fea always r-unningthere very high. The Tile buildings- were n<;>t quite finilh'd, when ' country about i& produces very good cotton. I 'was there laft; and the Dlltch' ingeneer waS' Englifh The Danes and the Dutcb had each of plea;'d: to adViCe witK n:'e ab('jut feveral.' things; [aflory. i them a fort ther',' formerly. How the pa- rdat·ing to -the place. : 11i/h fore came to b~ dell:roy'd I d<;> not find; The fur.t is (l:rong by na·ture, adl:anding; but on the ruins Ont, the Englijh have built on a high rockY. hill, in mofr pi aGes fteep ancJl VOL . V. Z z craggy, A DeJcriptioif of the B~OT .craggy, and only accellible by a lane cut aUlIiliary Blacks of Agga ahd Faniin; they '-v''''wI into fteps along the defcent of the hill. . march'd in good order along the ftrand, each . . Blade having a white handketchief about DR RUYTER'S of/ions agoinflihe ENCLISI-i. his neck, to diftinguilh him from thofe of T o fay f~methjn~ of a~miral de Ruyter:s \ Corm.en/ill, and a~riY'd about noon before t?e . expedition agal?O: th!s I?lac.e, ~ find It Englijh fort" whleh. Yalkenburg {ummon d was undertakeh agamO: hiS mclinatIonj he t? furrende{ Immediately, ~nd; at the fame having been fent by the O:ates-ge~eral from ~Ime, caus~ . a body , of ~IS fo;ces to ad- Gibraltar, where he then lay, With a fqua~ vance to acnfing .ground, luft wl~hout reach · dron of thirteen men of warj to reduee the of the cannon of the place, bemg led by EngliJh. fort ~t cape Corjo, That , being fO~1 B/ack~ of the. tCwn, . whom he had' found IInpracbcable, the Dutch ge".eral Ya/" gal~ d to hIS party . . The bdieged made a kenburg, then prefent a.t the councIl. of war temble fire upoI? them; .as they a\?prbach'd, hdd on board the admIral; after the reduc" and frequent falhes; which for a time ftop'd · tion of fort NafJau at Mouree, and the dif~ the progrefs of ~he va.n~uar~; many of the appointments at cape Corfo and Anamabo. Dutch Blacks bemg kill d; In fa much that moO: earneftly pre!fed, and ufed all pollible the pa!fes were almoft ftopp'd with, their · argtiments, to attempt the .tal~i?g . of .the bodies,. Moft of this tixecutioii was done fort at Cormentin; as fa prejudIcIal to the by. three hundred Englijh Blacks, tommanded commerce of the Weft-India Company, that by one 'John CabeJ!ee; a .defpei'ate brave fel- he uf\denook to prove it .did more harm to low. The main body at .1aftco·ming up. . the Dt(tcb, than Holmes himfeIf had done molt of thofe Blacks Were dther cut . in the year before, . during his whole expedi- pieces, or retlr'd with preeipitatiOh; and m tion. The enterprize· qeing r~:folv~d . on, . very diforderly m~nner to the fart,' Yat". and.'ialkenburg having fent admira l RU)'ler kenburg/hen o.rder'd t.he town to be fet Oil a remforcement of four hundred canoes full fire, .whlch for a whIle took away, the fight of ann'd Blacks from Mtna, the Dutch fleet of .the fon, from the Dutch, the fmoak: came to an anchor in . the road ofCormtl1(if1; ' blinding them, "whilft they appear'd as im- The bay or port there, ,tho' fpaciolls, being patient and refolute to attack the place, .as; very dangerous to land at, and the, coming the El1glijh were full of confrernatiolT ~ which· out as bad, de Ruyter, 0.0 the 7th of Frbru-, was fo great, that Joon after,.- keing tbe' ary 1665, fent a detachment of nine hun- forces advance in g()Od . order with grana-' dred of his own men, .fupported by .the · bo- does in their hands, and a mortar to give' dy of Mina Blac~j above mention'd, to hind the a!f~l!lr, they flot only tl:ruck their fla , at Anam(lbo, which the Englijh ha~ taken, 'as but· Without any other ~eremony open7 d Dutch re- well as Agga.. Thefe forces bewg come the gate. Thus [he Dutch took po!feffion p"/J'd. near the ihpr~, the Cormentin Blacks~ who of the fort, at fo fmall an expence as fixty were drawn thIther, and pofted behInd the twQ marks of gold to pay the auxiliary rocks and burhes along the ihpre, fell on Blf,lclcs at Fanlin, and the Braffo and Cabo- them fa furioufly, that the Dutch, n0t able ceiros of Anamabo and Adja. to nand them, and the fire from th.e cannon The famous town of Great Cormmtin lies Great ~or~ of the Englijh caftle, and fufpeCting they a cannon-rhot N W. of fort Amflerdam meD·;in. . had been betray'd by th~ Braff? of Anama- on a ~igh hill, being fa large and populous: , I, bo, . ftood abollt agam With thm boat.!; and that It well deferves the. epithet of great; pinnaces to fea, and row'd back with , alL the inhabitants, fTlerchants, traders, and their might to the fquadron. firhermen excluded, amounting to eiaht Affi/ltJ by De Ruyter was no way difmay 'd at this· hundred, or a thouf.1nd men. The coun~ry ,b,B lacK!. difappointment, the Blacks of Anamabo about it is hilly and fruitliJl. , and Adja, ."'1\0 .had been wr<;>ngfully fufpec-The la~ds about Little Cormentill pro- P,.Jull. f ted 01 aCting m cOllcert With the Englijh, duce plenty of fevcral forts of fruit and fending jufr then .to a!fure him of. thei~ ~- . cor~. The air is very wholefome.· The 1,<1., dehty, and prQffl\ling the next day to JplI1 natives brew excelfent beer made of maiz. his forces, and affift him in taking of Cor-' or Indian com, as lufcious as ale, and call'd menlin fort. They were better than their Petaw. They bake Bananas into bread and words, hringing along :with them , three bift;uir, as .alfo maiz, for their commOl} thoufand Fantinean Blacks, thei, allies, whom. food. they had hired for that fervice. . In former times,. Anamabo and Cormen/in Lon.4t Thefe forces were. landed wilhout any . were two of the principal trading places on Agga. difafter. at Agga, I between Anamabo and that coaft, for the Dutch and Englijh ;. by Cormmtin, in. a fair' calrn day, whlch m4cn rearo n of [.be great refort of Accanez Blacks, facilitated the debarkl'l)ent ;. for in blowing who ufed to come down to each of thofe weather it could not have been p~rform'd,. places, ' in little caravans: 'Jut the unhappy the fea there rolling and breaking in a vio- differences between thofe , iwo European na- lent manner . . Being there j.oin'd by the tiqns, their wars and airaults upon each, other. CaAP. 10. Coafl.r of S6UTfi-GUINEA. other, in the years 1664 and 1665, al'ong three hUI\drcd gilders for every orie of the Il~BOT. the coaf1:s of Nortb and Soutb Guinea, did company's Ihips, which for the future Ihoulct~ them both ~tcat dalnage; and obliged the bring any goods thither, nave-D,ips only --pu1cb to retire to Moure<, ahd the ElIgliJh to ellcepted \ and this in confideratibn of their Cormenti., ; 1vhere;during the Ihorr time they am fl:ahce ih recovering fort Amjlcrdam; and were po/Tefs'd of fon AmJlerdam, they {vero other fervlces: but now thofe crafty Blacks fo fevere to the natives, who liked the Dutcb will make no difference betwixt Dave-D,ip$ government, aS ,having been long ufed to it, npd others, Obliging thein to pay for all that they and the AWlnez Blacks, ,who lived a,like; They alfo extort a good fum from there as faCtors, intreated the Dutcb general the ElIgliJh yearly, and thus treat both thofe at Mina, to fetll e a faCto ry at Agga ; the [.1111e rtations alike: which was afterwards takef! from them by ' Mouree, Allolllabo, Allicball; and Co/,- the EngliJh in 16641 nnd ,blown up in 1665; m~lt/in are pl~ccs where vaf1: quantitieS of EII- as I have already , mentioned, The Englilb r.opeall goods are vended, · efpecially linnens, on their part, to th wa rt the Du/cb, endea- ny ziger, copper; iron bars, old O,eets; brandy voured to corrupt the Braffos of Fanlin nnd and rum, pewter bafons, mulkets, bugles; Accanez, with conliderable preftnts, that beatls of. f~\>era l for,s, pbwder, &c. they might be indueed to expel the Dutch • Aijier!-a, Aqul/, Languyo; MOlltjort; and from Agga. The rubtle Blacks received great fome other finall villages farther eaftward, fums, of money, paid them by the Ellglijh, on the Fan/in !hore, as far as ACI'OIl, have, without performing the condition for which but a very inconCIderable trade. Aqua lies Aqua: they were given; and conlidering that the on a little river, two leagues eaft from Cor~ jealoulics between the ElIglijb and DII/ciJ in mentin \ the larid about the village is low and point of trad~, occalioned their purchafing flat, it produces ,plenty df Indian corn, and the goods of both at a much eafier rate, they has good freih water and wood for !hips that were well pleafed to fee the EngliJh build a wam. fmall fort at Allamabo, to rival the Dutch Laguyo is f1:il! two leagues farther eaf1: from Laguyo: . -'l at Mouree and Agga. ' Aquai on a riCIng ground, defcending ' to- tr.ftJ Whatfoever places the DIIJcb ahd Englijh wards the !hore, has a little trade for naves; Blacks; polfd's in the country of Falltin, neither of and forne gold, but not of the puref1:. them has any pow~r there; for when thofe Montfort again eaft from Laguyo, affords Montro", crafty tutbule~r people think fit, they fecure fome naves and malz. all the paffes m fuch manner, that not one The other fmaller.villages to the eaftward merchant can pollibly come down from the of this laf1:, are little frequented by Europea11S; inland country to trade with t,he Europealls the inhabitants being 'lery poor fifhermen, on the coaf1:; and not fo fatisfied, they ob- who carry their fiD, aboard !hips, as do alfd firuCt the bringing of any provifions to them; thofe of L agu;o and Montfort; yet moll: of till they are forced to buy a peace at a dear thofe filhermen will boaf1: to the !hips ~rews rate. , ' of the great plenty they have a!hore of Daves pl,;'/iJ When Cormehtin was taken from the Eng· and gold; which is done only tb amtife them, withtht Du ·ch. lijh, in the year 1665 , as was faid abovej that they may f1:ay longer in the road, and the people of Fan/in expre/Ted much farisfac- buy their fiD" for feveral fort of toys and tion to lee the Dtitrb.fettled there again; and pedlars ware, The Englijb ply at 'all thofe their reafons were, for that the Englijb go- places more than any other Eitropeansj and vernor had much incommoded them with fro1]1 thenceforward to Acra. his garifon; tha~ they thought the Dutch The language of the Blacks, from Axim L1;,g/,,;:!: better to trade with I and that their goodg to Fantin; along the fea-coaft, is almoft one were cheaper than the Englijh. , aod the fame; whereof I intend in time to ~xiUlup' However, they have now gained a pointup- give a fmall vocabulary, offeveral moft fa- .n ,h,m. on the Dutch, who formerly made an agree- mi I iar words aod phrafes, with the Englijh ment to givethem a good fum of gold,befides bf them, liZ. t HAp. :ic The countfj df Aetori dejcribed; th-ai of Agohha or Allgwiha; that Of Acra or Acara. Jamesfort belonging to the Ehgllih. Crevecceut, Dutch fort. St. Francis Xaverius oft he Portllgue[e; ,: LI A C RON C 0 U N T R ii; , / 'it is div~cied into great and little Acron, tht; B'i,Js I E S between that of Fantin arid /Iii" former part lying farther up the inland, and :;;n~,:;"t, gwina ore Agonlla, on the fea-!horel being, as to its government, a fort of com-' running eaftwar,l to about the famous cape, monwealth. Little /lcron is a petty king- " cdled Monle dct Diablo or the Devil', Mount. dom. The two countries have no de pen''' dance . B~1l· dance of ellllh· other, b\lt!livs: in pC!rfuct amic Dlljau and PoltI'I's./Ja'j are places of DO ~ .711 tY.' und¢r::the : pr()oe61:ia'n ' ofth'~ ,FqIlIII/MIII, confideration. " . . . " p .. wh!cllm~kestl~fQP«op!Oliv6in'pee~6, tll\in~ M411g0 ' is ' famou$ for its lituatioD near bay. Ehelr fruitful country to fuch purp'ofc;: that It Mdf/t, d,1 Diablo or the De'IIil's Mount, whidl Mango. . conllantlya fiords ,them a' plemiful arop, I dlf- is.vcr¥, high, likealoftyeape: It had the ~amc :::~,r. pof(d Qf. by . them ,to lother narians· Found glvel).lt by,ehePorJugueje, £fom the facnae,s ·aboUt: '.'. :.." 1'" theBlack;offertherewthedevil, astheyprl!-< ' King of " At thl! ~ime of my \;lciOg there? '!ihe Ring tended; byt /inee we have bo inftance of allY Aeron, of..Litlln1ct'oil was a oivil 'good'natiir'd man,Blacks on the Gold-Coajl, that:pay any venera- about fifty, years of age" (>1' b~ttet'; and re- 'rlon t(> that ev~I ' fpirie, we ~ay cone,lude ~lle puted one 01 the we.llthidl on rhtl Gsld-Coajl, Portuguft lire I~ . the :wr~mg .as .eo . thiS' pql.nr. tl~OI. he,,,~ore no b~ttC1, oIorhe.s ~han Ilny of ,~owtlver.rhat. IS, thiS mOU,ntam IS. ver~ f1ch hiS Indlfierent fuIDJ~as;> l; .r,rhls' ~filther an m gold, 'which ~ho , BlalWs, after v'?l.cnc anarchy {Han a1'll0nawc.hy.: for tho the land, trade at Mcmgo; but fince-the Qarives have rtllo,D " 1fliero grows tho ('Ime fort tilf yellow \vood, addicted tht:mfelves to fal/ifying of the goli:l~ wood. whiQh,.l, mentiollod, roJ)e, at' Acoba,' in ~hand tabMs. '",. ' ' 'Ilhe .peoplt\ about thi~ .village breed great . , ,', . ',' , . , " herds of-catde, and d 'peciall)l cows and bule .' l'he c~;intry of A"c·o~i:Nf..:Q"'AlJPwl:N~~ 1 looks; 'which th~y cany up· and down the Extent U Egins at, . OF aqout'. th6 ' abdv~-m~~£ioned coa~for fide. Thc ,womw are there very HA~If""''' .nd li- .v ,Mo'lla ddDiablq , or the'Devil's .Moll1ft, jolly · and·' handfom@,. efpecially thofe of",om,u. mill. PYJ(the Dtl/c.h c~nlld ,' Rl'y'ge-hoeck~ di·ftant a; Brentba, and lnuch f0Ugh~ aft~r by [he lnen : bdun a. league or' IDette~ e'aftward,of nhe fair" 0f. the,coaft for wives. The GOuntry abo\lt rive~ of .deroll, and ext~nds thenc~ eaftward it yields plenty ' of maiz and palm-oil. . along n~e : {hore to;_Anonce . lll Aquamb08 OF Wtambaor Simp- a ftands on the afcent of a Wi.mba Acaiia;: On the norrh it ~orde~sonSonquay,. hill, in the bulging of the lana, veryagree-vil/p,,.. \indfc)llth",ard.O!l tbe ocean, along whi,h in ably feated among trees. The Englijh tac- \ : ftrcrc!ies about fift~enlfiagu6~; ' i{lhWhich tory; ' being a double Rone houfe, was ral!- I , fpace-~here. are f~ver.ah towns'and ' v,iH~ges, . as facked by the Blacks in f079, and the faCl:or Dajoll\' Pold~1'J,-bci,y,. Mango; Wi(lmba or 8im~ had mU QD ado [0 fave-his own and his men's v,l/a!"'1 pa., : Qld Berku or Bn>r(foou; Jaccou; Inltya, Ij.v.~s ; hilPpily" making their efcape in the , L ampa, Sliccumma; .. NiJw,l.itI14 Ber.ku,. and night to cape Corfo, where I faw him lane;!, : ' Kotchs iBraot" a high. round hiH, jn form. of much. wounded and aU embrtled in his own a: fugar"loaf, aooul' two·' I~gu«s wdl; from bloop,. This place is cafy to be known from 4cra ... -All v.ery . d\Ulgerous places to land the fea, by the two Englifo houfes yet ftand. at, nhe lea rolliflg and IDfeakiflg violently i!)g, without any roof, near the fhore, and ato!}g the.ftnanill. ' :tBOll,t two hundred paces from Wiamba;- A queen, The conntry of Atlgwina is as fertile aAd whiCh· is <\, finaLI village of abaue thil'ty , pleafant as that of Acron, in all refpetl:s. In houfes, feated in a flat low ground, with my time it was governed by a woman, af Iar~ l}1eadows beyond it, enclofed witl\ great courage and wifdom; who, to keep hedges, and farther up the country are feve. ~~e ,\'(hqle. p-ower in.l}er· Q)lfO,Ia,anp,s" ~~v'd. up~ ~~L I.hs. II) 5,he fiell'ls,are to btl; {«en larg~ mai/y'~9" . 3hp wil~~bQjJ~ t,p.\r>y-e!ght}y eJlfs; he:r(l~ ~(five h,und,red \ker tQg~.ther, qn(:\- ve- of age, ~nlhciok upon her £he title'ofqueen. l'y large deforme.d mOl)I~ey~ al)q. bab~ons. The inhabitaFlts f.1y their country has the Here is alio great plenty of poultry, as alfo aqvantage o( a. v~ry fine large frefu.waret bar-canoes for Fida ancj Ardra. The village i'iver, ab9undi)1g 'in : o~fter.s ani) other fifh, o( Wiamba. is chiefly inbabitecj by. fi(hwnen. and'tlqe banksofi'o tloreawith all fortS of mon~ In time of war there is very little trade" bllt keY$ and baboon.s; as bier aa any 01) the coaft the fituation is good for it in r~e~c¢. (- of Guinea . . Tl)is river ~i I fUPl?ofe, lies (I B(rKu or /Jarr(got( , the .l?rillciFal town o( Berk. 'Vii- littl~ eaR: of Berku. ' the Augwii/(f waft, is feated on a mount, lAg •• fiv~ CHAP. 10. Coafl.r Of SOU'rH"GutNEA. 18t " five leagues wert from Acrn, abounding in ing his power over the Blackl along the tea, BARR,OT, rame fowl, and much chea per than elfewhere for above twenty leagues, notwithfhnding ~ on the Gold-Coafl. The Blnckl here drink a that thefe have kings of their own; and .' fort of beer, c:illed Pelaw, made of Indiall therefore they ate adjoined to this country wheat, in tarte and colour like Ellglifh fmall- of Aqllamboe, beer, but more lufciou~. This Acra kingdom, which lies next on Lilllilt. This Bm'raCOlI or Barracoe is a proper the coart, borders wef!:ward on AlIg fhips riding, that have a welJ fOl·teel cargo, gained by conliderable prefents the Da,,;; of fuch goods as they have occalion for, viz. and Dutch made him, and by the kindncfs fayes, old fl1eets, coefvelt linnen, bugles, his fubjects Ihowed to white men, granted iron and brandy. A good nave fells there; the libert y at fi rll: a!ked of him, for each of as at all othe'r trading places on the Gold· them to build a ll:one hOlife, to fettle a factor Coaft well:ward, at the rate of one Bmda of in, under the obligation ' of fevrn marks of gold, which is tWo ounces . . gold yearly, for each houfe. The houfes N4t;1iis. The people of AugwillCJ, in general, ' are · being thus built, the Danel and Dllieb never bold and warlike, well !killed in filhing, gave over carelTing the natives, and infinua- and at many works in gold and iron; but ting to them, that whereas they were conti- more efpecially at making curious gold nually affaulted in their own country by the chain-rinas. rell:lefs Aquamboel, their mortal enem ies, it o wouid be for their fafety to permit them to IS '['he kingdom of ACRA or ACARA, turn thofe houfes into forts, which would tributary to and dependant on the king I protea: them and th~ir families with their of Aquamboe; and tho' the greatef!: part ' cannon ..againrt thofe bold and incro~ching; of its territories lie up the country, yet are Blach By thefe ineans lhey prevaded to they commonly defcribed among the king- have thofe places put into the cond it ion they dams of the coaft, becaufe of the great com- now are. The firll: th~ t obtained this pri- merce with therri, and their king's extend- vilege of the king of Aera were the Dutc/;, Vo L, V. - A a a wh(~ 182 A · Defcriptio# of the BOOK Ill} 'VhO bought a ptopet place fOf a fOftofhim. ·Little Aera, which is about half a'mile Litt.e 9A no which they built with a ware-haufe \lftoek eaft?f Soko, .waspretty handfomeand cam- ",ra. ftanes, lillty-two foot in lengEh and tw:enty- mod:ous, bemg a market,tawn well go, . four in breadth, with plank floors laid on vern d, and mu~h refarted to; but the .1- \ jayfis, and the roof caver'd with tiles; all Ijuamlioel burnt !t a few ytlaF~ fince. fcarc~ " the buildings eIicompatred with bulwarks, jj~ty haufes bemg left ftandm~ Four"'._ and the walls made with port-holes for guns; ,klOg of Aera, chafe rather to . h~~ at thIS ' Some time after, the Dane/j and, at Ialt; , pl~ce; than at Great Aera, which. IS up ~he " the ElIglijh had the good (ortune to be al- J i~lan?; and I was there feveral times ":'Ith law'd building of forts there. To fay the hun m I ~79. He wasa man of a good mien, . truth, thofe forts, upon fome occa~onsf a weat fr~elld t~ Europeans, but ~f t,?a re!t- have proved a good refuge to the natives; leis ~ fplrlt, which at lall: acc~lion d hiS rum, efpechlily when theking .of'Aquafllboc.con- h~vmg toO powerful a nation to c.amend quer'd Acra in the year· 1680; when, had With ~ as were the Aquamboes, whof In con- ,they wanted that fecure retreat, few or none ' clunan, obliged him to abandon his domi- of them had been left - that fide: and tho' boats and pinnaces can G. .t I ·tian to enjoy a beneficial trade. come up to the {hand in fafety, almgft at Amji. To fay fomething moreiparticular of' each aDY time, yet the landing is well defended of thofe maritime villages and forts o.t Acra. by the guns of the fort, and the fmall Soko. Soko is to the wefrward of the other. two, arms of the garifon. and aflels confeq"ence, being onry a pal" It is fquare built, with four batteries. eel ofa ballt an hundred fcattered,houfes, at whioh, as well as the curtins; are of rack- a diftance from ·one another.. none ,and lime, but neither very thick nor high. CHAP. 10. high, fa that it cannot cnelure much bat. may be one cau[~ "f their aver~on to theBARDo'T'. tering; and the ElIglijh, from f(/1/L6S Fort, Portugtlefe. 1 have here given a prorpeet ~ .ntght [oon reduce it to a heap of rubbifil of the whole. LATE' f· with their cannon, ill cafe of a rupture be- The J)alIOS built t:his fOI't, as was [aid a- O,nin, tween the two nations, tho' it is much lar- bove, ancl named it Chrijliambul'g, (n hoJort fold. c,~v,"i~ ger than their fort. 'Within it, is a large ,.CI" ~our of tneir king theh reigning. In 16791 1/1 If. tiat [quare houfe, with a platform, and on It was governeel by Jobll Olricks of Gluckftad, it, (\ turret with a cupola, on which, the a worthy perron, with ' whom I was very Dtilcb flag is dirplay'd, as at all other intimate! him the treacherous Blacks inhu- fom on the coaft, as foon as any fhips ap- manly l11urder'd, at the inftigation of ~ pear at fea, The lodgings are pretty neat Greek, who hacl liv'd there [OI11C y~ars Ull- nnd convenient, both for the officers and cler him. . That villain, fame timo after, I '" ' garifon, wbicb cQnfil1s of fifteen white, and [old the place to ]fllian da Campo B(lrr~loI I I·; .l. " • twenty-five black Olen. It has a good formerly governor of the inand of St. 'I'home, i hand[ome gate towards tbe north, overlook- for a fum of money, not exceeding [evc'n I Ing the village of Liule Acro, and the road marks of gold. Barrato was the rame per- that leads to Great /fcrn. The gate is [e- [011 I had known three y~ars be[Qre at Ilha cured by a Corps de Gtlardc and two barriers, de PrinCiNorthe prihce's inand, in the gulph but no ditch 'or pallifadoes before it, which of Guinea. How he b~haved himrelf to- is the fault of aU the fortS along the coa(\-; wards hi~ gari[on, I cannot well iii y; but none excepted. The Blacks being wbolly when I was at Acra, in the beginning of the unfkill'd at taking of f1:rong holds, anel ge- year 1682; they had revolted; nlid kept Portu: herally running away, or lying down fint him confined in th~ upper part of the towei' gu.crc,m~ . when the cannon is fired, thofe outward de- a f h·IS Iio rt. I:CJl e be'ln g mucI 1 a gent Ie man, gporivfeornnr"l""". fences nre look'd upon as unnecelt~ry char. and known to me before, as I have juft ob. ges. There are fourteen pieces of cannon, ferv'd, I caus1d myfelf to be carry'd thither and fome pattareroes on the batteries. The by Blacks in a hammock, from tho Dutch fituation of the fort is [uch, that it enjoys fort, to pay him a vifit; but the Porfllgllefe a better air than the other tWO caft and weft chief filetor, who commanded then in the of it. place, would not allow me the liberty of any di[cour[e with him, or ariy more than FOR T ST. F R it. N CIS X AV E R 1 U s, to f.~lute him at the window of tho room he I s the only place the Porluguefo have on was confined tQ above-ftairs; from a con [1-the cciaft, and that but of late, being at derable diftance, without adm itting me into the village of Orfaky, a fhort league euft the fort. The Por/ flgllefe £letor came a lit- from Acra, built much after the fame fortn tle way out of the fort, to tell me hc cou ld and manner as the other two, to the weftward an [weI' for what he had done, and if the pri- of it; but; in my opinion, much ftronger, foner were willing to go over to Errr9jJe with and more fpaciaus, the cunins and batte" me, he mighr do it; but Barelo rent word ties more folid and lofty. The tower and by a Black, that he CQuid not leave his poO: lodgings are alfo larger, with a good Corps without a [pecial ord~r from the king of Por- de Gum'de; and a fpur at the gate, which Tugal, 'and deli red me ro take care of his Jet- overlooks the village. The Portl/gtl'fe have ter he fent to that Gourt; which [ promis'd, rais'd the £tid eurtins and batteries three fobt and perfohn'd fome tima afterl when I re- higher than they were when poffe(s;el by the turn'd to prince's inand. He alfo fentword; Danes . . 1t has twenty-four iron guns rhoun~ he houri y ~xpeeted a Porluglle[e man-of- ted, and a few pattareroes; and the garifon War from Lifo"". . con lifts of Forty-five white men: for .they The PorlugueJe garifon was then ifl a mi- Theif 'Hi- will admit bf no Blocks among thetn, beihg ferable conditi<:n' in want of all fort s of pro-~::.t~;O". Portu.-. hated by them here, as well as at all other . vllion, and even bread; and all the goods guefe not places on the coaft. . Several families are in their warehouCe did not amoun, to the va- ~,zwJ. removed froth the village to [evera I other iue ,of fixty pounds; as I was told at the parts, either on their account, or becalife Dulcb fort; and that the Portllgtlffe gave of the Aquamboe wars. out, they had [pent above an hundred marks Chappel i They have al[~ b~ilt :t chappel ih. the of gold, to· put the fort into the good con- a.d fal, -' forr, where mars IS fald by a black prteft, ditipn it then was, I was al[o ·inform'd, that I ••, . ordain'd by the bifhop of SI. 'Fbome. Belide~; the Danel of Fre4erickjbllrg, hear cape Co/,- they have much improved the lake, lying jo, had in vain follicited the POrlll?;/lefe (() at forne diftanee from the fmt, and parcel'd reftore ili <;, place to (hem, paying them 'what it out into divilions, to ' make ralt, in the it coft, and rea[onabledmrges, which could fame manner as they do at Sell/bal, and in not al'l'lount to near what they pretended; I other parts of Portugal. This lake wasf{)r- bur the Porluguefe wo~ld not hearken to merly a confecrared place, and one .of the their propofals, and fiill keep poffeffion of deities ·of .the inhabitants ,of Or!aJ<~, whicll tile f(i)tt. \ A DeJcription of the BOOKJ1I.; 'BAllBOT. ' The Dal1ijh company might have made The principal !Own of Great Acra lies aor. . , ~. very confiderable profit by its trade here, bout four leagues up the country, at the ,~cr~. .A'/VAn - were it not for the revolmions which have foot of the hilly land; which is [een at " "j/";t happened at feveral . times, and the infide- -great diftance off at fea. l JJ P at •• lily of their fervants, as 1 have already ob- , The land, from the fea-{hore, to about Btafii, ferv'd; for this fort beihg rhe laft pLlce on three leagues inland; is pretty level and even; the Gold Coajl, :.vhere there is a brifk trade, and a good fporting ground for hares, rab- and much gold, .. moft of.the European fhips bIts, fquirrels, wild.boars, red and fallow generally part with the remainder of their deer, wild goats, pintado hens, and other goods at any rate: which is a good oppor- fowl. ' What latge and fmall cattle they tunity for the company's Cervants to drive an have, is brought from Labade, at a fmall advantageous underhand trade for them- diftance eaftw,\rd, There is fuch plenty felves, durillg the vacancies , of the poft, of hares among fhrubs and bufhes; which upon the deceafe of a governour" or chief grow very thick, that the Blacks kill them faC1:or. with fticks, and the Europeans take them Scarcily. The three forts of Aera are fublifl:ed with fpaniets; but their ll~fh is very infipid. by the prQvifions they fetch from cape The foil is a pale red and fat mduld, pro'soii; Corio, Mtlnfrou, Anamabo, and Cormel/lm ; ducing little or no fruit, and very few trees; the country all about them, for a great way, but it yields yams, and [everal forts of bean~ ' Iyillg wafte, h:tving been ruin'd by the1wars and peafe. The country beyond the ll~E wirh the Aq/{(/mboes; which occa!ion'd fuch ~hill~ , a fcarciry of corn, that a cheft of maiz, of It is worth obf~rving, that in the flat.dnt-hil/1. two bufhels, was rais'd to ten pieces of eigh t. country, beyond the European forts, . there P.'" g,/J i The gold of Ac,-a is of the pureft fort, are abundance of ants nefts, which thofe in- I much like that at Axim, which comes 'ti'oI11 duftrious infeC1:s have rais'd above the reft Egweira. Moft of it is brought dow!] thi- of the ground in a moft amazing manner. , ther from the country of Abonee, anell that feveral of them rifing like fugar-loaves, three \" . f" of ~takot, which is beyond the other, and foot high, or better: of which, I !hall here- very rich in gold; the natives whereof,' paf- ~fter' fpeak more at large. Thefe ant-hills, fillg through Aquamboe in their way down, not improperly deferving to be call'd tur- drJI'e the g reateft part of that trade. ' In rets, look, at a diftanc@, like the faIt heaps time of war, it furnifhes fo great a number in the ille of Rhe in Frallc", at the beginning Pient}'! 'Of naves, that it amounts to, at leaft, as nla~ of the falt-feafon. fine;. nyas are fold all along the reft of the coall-. The Blacks here do not much regard fifh- Fijhing,n'6 This country is continuall y in war with f'Ome ing, or boiling of faIt, tho the country af-regarded. of the neighbouring nations, which are very fords great plenty of it; leaving that alto- populous, and from whom they rake very gether fO the others along the coaft, who many prifoners, moft of whom, they fell nevertheJe(s ,find time enough to trade with to the Europeans. The Ilaves a re commonly the European !hips repairing to their roads. purchafed for coefvelt linen, flyziger, ly- I have already taken notice, that thefe ,wat, {heets, fayes, perpetuanas, iirelocks, people are continually at war with fome one powder, brandy, bugles, knives, top-!;1ils, or other of their neighbours; it muft not be nicannees, and other goods, according to therefo re concluded, that they make it their the times. The natives carry thofe com- whole employment, but only one part of it. ,modi ties to Abonee market, which is four All the Blacks in general arefoldiers, as long leagues beyond Great Acra northward, for as the war lafts, if they are able to bear the Aecanez people, who reIort thither thr€e arms, or have any given them by their chiefs; times a week; as do other Blacks from ' the but as foon as the war is ended, every man country of Abonee, AqllaTllboe, and Aquime- returns to his peculiar employment. Among ra, who all buy thofe goods of the Acra the filllermcn, there are bUE few foldiers, be- men, a t [uch rates as they think fit to put caufe they J.iving under the proteC1:ion of the lipan them, the king refufi'ng to permit forts, are not fa frequently attack'd by the thofe ftr:lI1gers to go down themfelves to enemies, and therefore feldom provided with' the European warehoufes on the coaft; for arms. which reafon, rhofe Blacks pay often double The Blacks, who are of a turbulent na- the value for what they buy. The king has ture, and do not care to live without war, ther@a n overfeer, who has the power to when they want employment in their own iet the price on all goods, between buyer country, becaufe it is at peace, go ferve in and feller. This g,eneral overfeer is- aflifted any other neighbouring country where there by feveral office,rs to aC1: for him, where he is war; and thefe are more particularly cannot be prefent himfeU: Tho(e empl'Oy- accounted foldiers by profeffion. ments are much fought after there, as being Before I leave Acra, I muft warn failors both honourable ,and , advantageous; be- to weigh their anchors in the road every eaufe, both the king's and their perquilires two or three days, becaufe the ground being are very conliderable. fulL C~'lAP. I I. COClfls Of Sou T H-GU IN EA: Advi.- to full of rock-ftonc's, the buoy ropes, and ENE. and the wind returns to SSW. and OARnOT. JAI/' n " the cables are apt to be cut, about eight S''''. Then the tide, for twenty-four hours, ~ lor nine foot from the anchor. Thus we loft will rnn upwards againfl: the wind, as has a iheet~nnchor in thac road; and many o- been found by experience, lying before ther iJl1PS, before and after me, have had Cor{o, Alll/mobo, COr1llm/ill, and Acra. ' [he. [.,me fortune, The frelli S W. gales, The king and chief Blacks of Acrll were, Rirb which generally blow from morn ina till in my time, very rich in iJaves and gold, macks. night, except in the rainy feafon, fror:M ay through the vaft trade the natives drove with . till September, caufe the fea to fwell hiah, the EuropealJS on the coaft, and the neigh- :lnd the tide fetting eaftward very rapid with bouring nations up the country. Thefe the wind, lliips woi'k very, hard on the ca- people, in their flourifhing peaceful times, bles, and render it very tedious and trouble- poifefs more wealth than moft of thofc be- fome to get up the anchor in the day-time; fore fpoken of put together; and yet thefe which is much cafier done in the night, the natives of Acra being much addiaed to war, weather being calmer. with their inveterate enemies the Aqua1llboes, In the wet feafon, the tide fets as the have been at laft overcome by them, and wind and moon rule it; for two or three their country l'uin'd and finally reduced to days before and afterthe new and full moon, a province .in the years .680 and .681, as the tide fets up to the weftward, as it alfo has been mentioned in its pl~ce. does after it has blown hard at N E. and C HAP. XI. The kingdom of Labade defcribed. That ofNingo. Of the inland countries. The kingdoms of 19wira. Great Incaffan. Incaffia-Iggina. The terri- tor), of Tabeu. The kingdom of Adorn; and countries of Mompa, Waffahs, Van qui, Qtly~Foro, Bonoe, Atti, Accany, Akam, Aqua, Sanquoy, Abonee, Kuahoe, Tafoe, Aboera, Qtlakoe, Cammanach, Bonoe, Equea, Lataby, Acarady, and lnfolco. IS LAB A D E kingdom, Great Acra, at Equea; ea!!:ward, on Soko ; S",all,x- fo fmall and inconliderable, the whole and fouthward, on the fea of Guinea; ex- tm'. circumference of it being but four leagues, tending about thirteen leagues along the' that it fcarce deferves any notice ihould be coa!!: N E by E. from Labade to L ay. Its taken of it, in this defcription of the Gold principal villages on the coaft, are Ningo Coaft, but for its touching upon the fea, be- the Leffer, 'l'ema, Cillcho, Brambro, Pom - twixt Acra and Niltgo, and that only for pena or Ponny, Great Ningo, Lay or Alempy, one league in length along tlie fhore; in and Oeca, all barr'd places, and very diffi- which fpace there are two villages Orfou, and cult to land at. Lab.de Labade. This laft is a large popufous place, I ihan confine myrelf to fpeak only of ... ;lIag.. endofed with a dry ftone-wall. The litua- Cincho, Great Nillgo, and L ay, which are tion is pleafant, betwixt fine meadows and generally places of commerce, the others plains. The inhabitants of both villages having little or none; tho' in 1680, the are generally huibandmen, tilling their Dutch ufed to trade to 'l'ema or 'l'emina. ground, and looking to their llieep and Cintho is five leagues eafl: from Atra, a Cineho ( [wine, which they bring from L ay poor, place reforred to from the beginning of the villag •• then fat and fell them to the people of the laft century; tho' now the inhabitants ('ap- Gold Coaft, and at Acra, with confiderable ply themfelves much to fifhing, t9 fupply profit. They make fait of the fea-water for the market at Spice, which is a large town, their own ure; but few of them apply them- up the inland, for which they pay no .duty felves to trade, which is inconliderable a- to the king. The Blacks here . commonly mong them, as having little gold to difpofe buy much linnen, and fevetol forts of cloth , of. The country is govern'd by its petty' for the country trade; as do all the other king. inhabitants of the cooll:, fr0111 hence to Rio , 'l'he kingdom of N 1 N G 0, da Volta. Their language differs from that N~m., Ii\ BY the French, is call'd L empi ; and, by of Acra. The land affords plenty of pro- mlfJ, &e.1 the Englijh, Alampoe; the prmce of It vifions, and abundance of fine large oranges. \ bearing the title of king of Ladingcol(r, tho' Great Ningo lies fi ve leagues farther eafl: GreJt , he, and his fubjcas, have an entire depen- again, a,d can fcarce be feen from the road, Ningq. dance on the king of Aquamboe, who lords no more than Cincho; nor does the land af- it overthem foabfolutely, that the Oighteft ford any notable mark to know it by, be- faults are often punifh'd with death. This lides the high mount call'd Redolldo, ftanding country borders weftward on Labade and due north from Lay up the country, which , VOL. V. B b b , bein!l: BOOK BARBOT. being brought ~o b~r .north as you ,go from good male nave might be bought there from ~ Cineho, you will be then exaCtly m Ntngo fifey-five to fixty pounds of cauris or lllells, road; which will be confirm'd by the inha- ' and fometimes they advanced to feventy. bitants, who commonly' ufe to come. out in The French, Englijh, and Portugtttfe ihips canoes as foon as they dlfcover a fail coming ply moll: at this coall:, to purchafe llaves from the well:ward. This place fometimes and provifions. Notwithll:anding the great affords a brisk trade of aaves and gold, for numbers of !laves I have mentioned to be Tr"J~ .... coefvelts, printed callicoes, &e. The gold tranfported from thefe parts, it fometimes,u,a"" ls generally brought to the Blacks of.Ningo happens, when the inland country is at peace, and Lay fi'om Q,uakoe, a country lymg a- that there are none at all; as it happen'd bove them up the inland, and abounding to me in the year 1682, when having . in that precious metal. The BI~1ts o~ this lain three days before Lay, I could noc village, and the country about It, drive a get one, nor was there any likelihood of trade of cattle, which they fatten in their it at that time, as the abovementioned Black pall:ure-grounds; and either the Gold Coaft Santi told me; and yet, but two month~ Blacks come for it, or they carry it along before my arrival there, one of the men of the faid coall:, and to Acra, where they war of our little fquadron gOt three hundred make thirty crown~ of a bullock. naves in a very /hort time, which {hOws that Lay"it. The town of Lay is two leagues eafl: from the trade is very uncertain. I,S" Great Ningo, and appears from the road at The inhabitants of Ningo and Lay have a . . NNW. of mount Redondo, fix leagues up good trade at Spice, a large inland town. FiI';:ng lj PLATE If. the country, as may be feen by the profpeCt They have alfo a peculiar way of catching me I. thereof in the cut here adJoin'd. The fi/h in the night-time; along the {hand, by mount is very large, and in the ihape of a means of round wicker ba{l{ets faflened to fugar-loaf. '. long poles, holding the pole in olle 'ha.nd, C/ijI, and The ihore about l-ay, is all nothing but and in the other, a lighted torch, made of flranJ. high fteep cliffs nearlthe fea, in feveral pla- a fort of fierce burning wood. The fi/h ge- ces rent afunder, and in fome, adorri'd wi th neralIy make towards the light, and fo are palm and other- trees at fome dill:ance from taken in the balkets. Among other fons of each other; and before the cliffs, runs a fine fi/h taken, there are extraordinary large white fandy ftrand of a moderate breadth. thorn backs. Th,etoYin frands onlbea(cel)tofa little hill, The beft riding before Lay, is.w hen mount Bejlmd. looking towards the north. fo that ver.y few Redondo bears NNW. the ground fandy . . . of t,he houfe~ can be feen from the road, The mixt with very fmall ftones. . inl}abjtants are Pretty, civil and fair trad~FS, The country of Ningo, Lempy, or Alampoe, CAlli,; NAt;"" but fQ fufpicio\ls, that they wiIl fcarce yenc is flat and low, populous and fertile, and . J"/'u" , tljrqb91lrd.any ihip~ without hon'; 'on the BARDO,.; weapons are an /li!ag~ya, or Javelm, a buck- eall:, by /lkilll and /lcham; and on the fouth \f'V"'iJ ;ler and a fcymmr. fhe lang~age is much by /lccan)'. N othing c~n be f.'l id of this ( .he fame as that of Fetll, /lu., Saboe. A- countey, which is utterl y unknown, for bramboe and Falltlll, only fomewhat fofter want of correrpondence; but that it is very . and more agreeable to the ear. . rich" in gold, fome parcels whereof arc M"''''''', The /lccal/cfe merchants carryall the brought down to the GO,ld Coaft, in pcacea- .goods they bur at th~ waft by land, on ble times, by the Accanefe who trade thi- their {laves baCKS, to the markets at /lltl, ther, when the roads are open. Ie lies well ~aboe, and ~ther places up the country; pay, for the trade of Iffiny and /lxim, as being 109 the duties at the palres, to the refpec- feated towards the head of the river of t~ve ~overnors of thore countries and ter- SlIiero da Cofta. ntones, throu~h which they travel. Many y' /lkam, AUm, or /lhilll, or /lccally-Grallde, c"., Ac- of them can ltlll fpeak fome few words of the Great /lccatly , borders wellward 0 11 Ac- cany. Por/ligue/e, ~nd the Lingua Fral/ctL they cany-Pequeno, or Little /lccol/y; on Aqua; learnt of their fore-fathers, when the Por- and SOl/qua fouthward ; on II/ta and /lchara lugucfe. had. the ",ihole commerce on tl1<'lt northward; Rnd on :/lqllamvoc and !tuakot coalt. This L tllglla Franca IS a corruptl6n eaftward. of Ita lian, Latill, French, and PortllgllCje: If we may credit fome of the Accanefe Dioki ...: The cOllntryof Dinkira, or Dunkira, lies Blacks, it is of fo great ' an extent, that it eountry. above ten days Journey by land from Ilxim, r.eaches to the Barbary coaft, which mult ct and five from Mina" due north, having be miltaken for the river Niger; becaufe Cabejlerra on the ean, /ldom on the welt, being very wide, the Blacks may perhaps and /lccany on the north. The roads to, It look upon it as ri fea; and it runs from ealt from /lxilll and MiM, are very bad· and to weft, jult between thirteen and fourteen winding, wh ich makes it doublefhe diltance degrees of north latitude, being about two in travelling thither, that it would b~, were hundred feventy leagues from the Gold-Coaft, they good and ltrait: whether the Etacks directly northward: for fhould they really will not or cannot remedy that inconve- extehd co the Barbary coaft, properly [0 niehCY; is uncertain. : ealled, this country mull reach to the Medi-. It was formerly a country of a {mall com- itrrrlllcan, acroi's the vaft continent of A/rica, pafs, and not very populous; but the na- above 'fix hundred leagues directly north {ural valour of the natives has enlarged from the Gald-Coaft to the kingdom of AI- its borders, and raifed its power fo high, gin', through the countries of Gigo and that its people are fear'd and honour'd by Guber, placed by the bell: geographers be- all the nations round about, except thofe between the /lccnne[e lands, and that famous of /lJ/iallle and /lkilll, who are Ilil! more river ; and thefe countries are reckon'd "ery POtent than they. . populous, and to have a great trade. This The inhabitants of Dinkira are vailly rich country was formerly a monarchy, and now in gold, as well brought from' other parrs a commonwealth, after feveral changes ~nd as \vhat their own mines alford; the firft revolutions in the government, which ren- fott whereof they get, either by plunder, ders it the lefs for midable to its neighbours, at by trade, wherein they are infinitely becaufe of the factions and divi flOns the re- more expert than any other Blacks. publican government is fubject to; and ,er7 When the roads to the coalt are free peclall y among the BlackJ, where mterelt IS and open, the Dinkira merchants come to- no lefs prevailing than in other parts, and gether, with the /lccanefe, as I faid before, many love w fifh ,in troubled waters: a.nd either to Sama, Commendo, Mina, or cape therefore thiS country, . for want of unIty Corfo caltle, according to the diftance of the a.nd a ~oi:id i1nderllandlOg among the na- places where they live at home. If the tlves, IS riot fo powerful as formerly .. palres happen co be ltop'd in the inland Moft .. of the gold of tillS cou ntry~ IS ge- Pure g,ld. country, they go farther up the coaft; by nerally convey'd co/lcrtl, and thence w ,the which means, thofe upper factones have a wdl:ern roads an~ forts of th~ coalt, very briik trade in . their town, and plenty of fine and pllre, Without any mixture or cor- gold, when it fa lls fhort at the middle fortS rup t19 r1 • . I . of the coalt. ' The Black! of /llizm are very proua and The Dinkira gold is commonly very fine, haughty, and as rich ngain in gold a.nd but too often mix'd with Fetichc gold, naves, as the Little /lcCllllcje; for which which is a fort of compofition of feveral j'eafori they pretend to fome fuperiority over ingredients, in fome very odd fhapes, as I them. The natives dTlve moft of their com- fhall particularly defcribe hereafter. . merce td'lvards the countries lyll1g along the Inta lerri- The territory of Inta or /lJJiante, whICh N'gel', belOg chofe of Gaga and Meczara G k' tory. a modern author fuppof,e s to be one and t Il e on t he nort h o.f t he m. Gago 'IS a I arge Ie'm g- doamg.o m:s- fame, is limited on the weft by Mandmga; dom, aboundmg In gold" a great quantity Yo L. V. C Cc whereof B}.'It1lIlT:·wHereof iF.fens.«t"h.e.kingdomc of. Mor'tIcf1o;. ~wlith caravans~) .. 'fAFOI" by the.way. df. Tomb)n. ". The"' .Aciafit[e tratle alCo' with. dteir.: othel' neigh •. Jrnns- on' the- 'weib. rC)' Alinm;. on tHe fout!i' • bour nationsl' as' A.ffi'antet arid: Akam;, Ghis; , to. Ktlub08;' and. on ~he' eaft, to' eammar. _ l~t'[er l)ring;norch; tho'othel' ndrth-weft fro~ lIa(b· , and' Kabot. 'Tis· a riel!, aountry in themi wbeI'C they 1i!1l aouhdance-, of theIr; gold, which they fometimes C3J:1IY to AbonN iliort, c10dis and'other goods.for, gOldl, ''Fhey' mlnket, and,fometimes to 1I4Drtrel1.. am)· Cometimes repair. t'o the.ma1!kets· ali A., ABO !Ill A,. 60114/" neal' Acrtf, and there, as wdll' as all ~iti:le Ammy buy European' goocl~ 1l1I.oCe: ME E T S, Withe Aquamboe. in: the -weft • Blacks carry' fi'om the coafll. ' withi ,Cammanacb and Kuahoe illl the Rorchi ; ,with, .A1Jonee-and Great Acra in. the uchward,;, and on '1'afoe weftward~ The inhabitants- cOlivry , much gold to AboRee, Aci...'tJA, A era, and .G re;it Ningtr. EXtends to Alii and DdhtJe, on the' weft; , to Fantin on the ColIrh; and to Akim on' CAM ~ A N A c~, , t~e north. lt is a fmall co(iiltry'; and has' mine dep'endance on the king of Fdlitln: EXtends on the weft to Kuaboe; on the north to ~akoe ; . on the fouth to A- , - . - SANQ..UAY, · , boeraand Bonot, ;' and on the caft to Equttl. Lataby. . and Little Acra. The natives ap- BOrdersfouthward on Fantin ; north~ard ply themfelves moftly to tillage, and difpofe ~, OIl; , Akim ; and eaftward on A ugwina. of the product of ,t heir land, particularly The Bllicks of this nation ufe to come down the malZ, or Indlall wheat, among their to Monte del Diablo, or the devil's 'mount neighbours. ~nd l;5ajotl, on the coaft, to buy fea-filh, to BONaE, fupply, their markets, ,and are very confi~ IS limited by Abaera on the weft; by - Rotten fiJI, ?erable gainers by that trade ; tho' the filh Cammanach on the:nonh; byAgranaand [oM, IS commonly ,rotten, b~f(lre it can b€ carry'd Aera on the fouth; and by Equea and Ningo fo f ar up" , This land pays fome acknow- on the eaft. The main bufinefs of the ,inha- ledgment to the king of AtlgwilJl1. bitants is husbandry,efpeciaJly fowing of Indian wheat. AQ..tr A M B O il, HAg EQ.u II A, for its boundaries, Abonee and A" IS bounded vveftward by Bonoe; north- baird on ~he ealt; A kim 6n the weft ; ward by Cammanach ; and fouthward by fJ!.iJakoc' oil the north; and Agwana 01\ the Ningo and Lataby. They alfo fow Indian fotith, They have n6 commerce with the wheat, which is their fole· bufmefs and crade. o Ettrojdms. LATA B Y, A BO N E E, ON the . weft touches Equea and Camma- lS,a te~ritory of a very rm,aIl compais, Thut Hath; on the north-eaft Little A cra ; - . m, on the welt by .l1quamboe ; on the fouth Niltgq and Labbade on the fouth. This by Atigwiita. \ oil the north by./Iboera ; and Country is renowned for its markets, tho' 0!1 ~he eat\:.by G te'at Aeril, and part of dley are not quite fa confiderable as that of 4 boehr. It -IS oilly remarkable for th~ ex- Abonee ; but very great quantities of goods triroydihl'lfy market held at Great Acra from many parts are fold in them. wh:e're the natives giVe cOllftimt attendance' as does a 'g'reat chrong of Blacks from th; .ACARADY, other neighbouring parts. HAS Cammanach on the weft; ~akoe on the north; and Latab, and Ningo :f(u -on the fouth. The Blacks from this country A HOE, -carry much gold to Abollee market, and ISconfin'd w_eltward by Akam; fouthward -it is reckoned .as fine and pure as that of by :liqllamboe and Akim ; northward by /lccan). q:afoe ; lind eaftward by AbOi!ra, and Cam- IN 'SOK 0, 7II,anMb. , We know nothing of the 'inha- .A:Ccarding to che account the .l!ccanefe bItants, but that they are reputed a t'reache- . ' give 'Of it, is a country diftant five days rous fa He people. Journey from the ooaft; its fouthern borders 2 , little little known! becl\u[e fcarel:> frequented, by, coaflI cort1ing' from Chofe r'~[ts, w~(ere. there BARBOT; r~{Qn the roads generally. fwarm \'I:ith ar~, m~ny rich. min~so~- that lI;jet,~I, befrdes ~ thieves and robbers. The natives of' it·are what the natives draw·front thelr neighbours, . notable weavers, making. Gurious, ll:uffs· and by, w~y on trade, Which is a very conlidera- fhorc cJo~hs, whi?h yieltl.a good profit, fold ble quantity. !'1a1/dinga, Gago, and:%foe. IJO the neighbouring nations; who purd\afe furl1lfh them With very much in . exchange cljem for plate a,nd pieces of eight, as "Ifo ~y. ~?ods, or by Way of plunder; and thefe fur Hael'lem cloth-. 'Fhc< Atcamfe fay, ohat agal!',beficles what their own land produces, thofe Blacks know· n06 what copper. m recewe It from many unknown countries gold are, having never·feen thofe two metals north1Na.rd, on both fides of the Nigel't in their country·. thofe places, accordihg to the accountS of All the abovementioned kingdoms and aH, authors and trav;eHers, producing an im- territories in general, are not fo woody, as menfe l1lor.e of g0ld; . the country about Cormentin, and the others I might now proceed to treat of the feve- higher on the gold coaft, nor fo fruitful. ral forts of ~old! and the ways.o f digging, By what I have faid of them, it maoy well be gatherIng and trymg of It; ~nt havethoughC conclude?, that they are for the moll: part fit to refer t1,at to another place, where ic extraordmary rich m gold; but particularly Will be as ~roper, that 1 may not interrup~ In/a, or Affiallte, Awine, Iguira, Dink.iro, the defcnptlon of thefe conn tries, efpecialJ:y, A fcam , and 4ccany afford vaf!: quantities; thofe along the fea·coaft, as belli known to mof!: of the gold traded for along 'me whole Europeans. ' ;' C HAP. XII. The land along the coajl in genm~l. Sqafor/.S. and. tfnlm4p,h.in.efs of the Go~q~ Coaft. 'Tornadoes.; jlinfting fogsl Ioarmatans. Cold in Guinea. The cOtJnt~ f4tfl,t to l:;.uropeans. 'l'he LAN D in general .. fpace of two centuries; of which creatnres, T HIS C\lUntry for i:he moll: part, more fh~ll be f~id hereafter in its proper ntlar the coaf!:, mw be reckoned wild pl~ce. - and ravage, being very woody., ~n<;l cover'ed .T.~e I~ncl is h~re ~n,cl there ~a\et'd with RWm, with !hrubs and bufhes; and particularly large and (mall rive\s, fome of the former about A:fim" Sarna, and Comm~n4o, wh~re very pleafan't and be~lJtifui; "as tf,e' ~iver DiJmal the roads are fo crooked l\nd n~rrow, that Cobra; thofe of Boutrou, Sama, and others TMJI. two men cannot travel a-breall.; and the farther eall:ward, whi~h. fuppl y the natives woods fo thick; that they ftrike a horro; in- with vall: quantities of good frell; 'fiill, 'be':- to fuch as arc not ufe<;l to them, the light fides furnifh.ing thetr\ 'with much gold. - - of the fll[l fcawe penetra~ing through them: The fea along th~ coall:, affords no le[s not to mention the mul~itudes of defperate v~riety ~l1d plenty of excellent fi!h, an4 villains and robb~rs , which commonly pef- yields abundance 01 fait, by boiling its ter the ways. However, in many places water to a confif!:ence; both which turn to a there are very large pleafa[lt fiel~ and vales, very confideraple pr~fit and advantage, not fit to breed all forts of cattle. The fo il only to the Blac~s inhabiting the coaft, but is generally fat, of a pale brick-col pur, very to innumerable multitudes for feveral hun· proper to fow Indian wheat. In other placc;s dred leagues farther up. . it is alfo fandy and gravelly, as about cape H avin!!j propos'd to rpyfelf to treat here- after, py way 9ffupplement, ofehe feafol)s CorJo. The country along the eoaft, from ~ape and monf,?ons of Nigritia and Guinea iq ge-Prod.fl. 'J'rn-Pontas, to near Acra, is mofthilly, gra· · neral, as a1fo of the winds, rains, &c.· ~ dually ri ring more and more up the inla[ld, till !hall at prefent only fay romething of the it becpmes alm9ll: mount~o\ls. Tlte foil js feafons and unwholefomerefs of theGold-Coaft. for the mqf!: part elCtraor<,:lipary fertile, . .a ll.d i,1) particular, as it lies between ' the fourtl1 produces abundance of Indian w.h~ . 'liu A Defc1"iltion. of the BARBOT.live thert;o"to ..ft-,!~fs themfelves Lno~e of ally by fuch.as are newly arriv'cl there fro\ll ..,.."...., them takingn otice "f any. autumn or fprmg ; England or . Holland, whofe .bodies are not becaufe the heats .continue more or lefs fo well difpos'd, as. thofe wh? have Ijv~d throughout the whole 'year, and the plants upon the. fpot fome tIme, . w.ere It not for the ;lnd tre~. are perpj:tually green. frelh gales of winc!, blo~jng. r~gu)arly every $lIl1Im". Theyfummer ufually commences about day from nine in the. mqrning till nigh~, the beginning of September, and lall:s the fi ve when a 'north-eall: breeze, by the · Blac.h; Win",. following months; and the winter holds the call'd Bofoe, takes place; . being a hot air other.f ix months of the year, which are alfo from the land, which callfes people to fwea~ fubdivided, into two rainy, two mill:y and excellively in their beds" as I have men-. rainy, , and two windy and rainy months. tion'd it, fpeaking of the !hips in the roads. Not that we are to fuppofe that every two Febr1taty and ' March now and .then 'af- ofthofe months are altogether rainy, milly, ford gentle ~ains, and fometimes heavier or windy; but becaufe during each of thofe !h.owers, attended with tornadoes, more fre- fubdivifions, the winds, milts, or rains are quent in thefe , than in the other four .fum- predominant in their turns. . It is alfo to be mer months. obferv'd, that thefe feafons: do fo alter fome April," . May, and 'Julie have the mof\: ofU,nhl.l,"1 years, that the mill:y or .rainy months may thofe tornadoes, and are therefore the moll: tIm •• fall, ; perhaps, a whole month later than IS hurtful montlJs to the Blackf, as are thofe of ufual ; and thereforeitmay bealfo reckon~d 'July and Augujf for their thic~ and Il:inking, that the fummer feafon commences at the fogs, which . occafion more. ficknefs at that latter end of September, and the winter in time than in fummer: for the long violent April following. . rains, falling like floods, more particularly The Englijh call thefe two feafons winter in thofe months, attended with frequent alJd fum mer ; the Fren{ h the high and the tornadoes, lightning, and dreadful c1aps.of low feafon; and the Dutch, the g'rack ofthe .Blacks, that r obfcrv'd many i ,hadth.en cloud nppears far dff, ih whICh, if there on b9ard, look'd at a dift.nce as if they had be feveral white fpflfs, the wind w.Ul be been all over !.trey/d 'Ylth meal, and f!)iv.~t'd molt; if hbt, the raih will preva il. Tf1i~ is a~,i~. an~ ague. ' N6~ i~ it any won<;lcr that the fa ying bf the failotS, and therefore not the n~t1ves, ,wh~) 11': pfed mo!.t Of til!! year, ~Iways inf.1J1ible. This is i:e·rtiiin,. that the ~h~ even of tnelr lives, to " fco~ch\ng , air, tornadoes very much help r~Eh lhlps as are 0iJul? brIo iend~ri ~nd fenlib le ,of a ihi\rp bound to the windw'ard, if they are nbt tcio plerclli~ \v!nd, coming f<;> fudden ly on thelp, violent; for then they can fleer by Ehem a when ttie )j;~~ipeal/J rhemfdvcs; w~o a~e ufecl direct courfe, whereas cltherwlre, they mu!.t to cold c;lihla\es, can fcarcc endure i~, but ply it up, COiJti~ualJ¥ tacking, which proves :lt~ fenfibfe of the, effe'~s thereof, tho' clofe very tedious. The fartlbtdVart tage is n1:ltle c~lJ../V1ed t? t~elr chainber~"w ;th a gei, tle ~re of a Rarmaialt, of whieh, and the tcirriadci~s, and firong reftorative~.,to ~eep up the rpj rjt~. I !hall fay more in tile fl1t5Ple tTi~l1r. The latter end of December, all January, WI"" it Unw!JblejiJlile Fb 6 S. , . and part of Februar.):, are fubject to thefe happ"", T HE R E being a _c ontinual c~ain of hills Raymatam, as the Blacks ca ll ,them; but and mountains froni one end to the ej- 'jaMary moil: of ¥ Tho[e ";'h\ch )lap'pen ther of the Gold CoaJl, there rifes every morn- in f:~fua.rj, do !lot ~ommonly continye ing, in the valleys betwiJtc them, a thick, long; and they are never known before or i1:inking, and bituminous min 6( fog, efpe- atter the times here thention'd . cially near rivers or watry places, whith D~rirg tne time of an i{anllaICj~, 'a(1 per- fpreads itfelf all over, and falls fo thick on fons whatfoe'ver, Yf/1Jte or black, witpout D4ngtrollJ the earth, that it is almo!.t· inipoffible for any ' exception, are obliged, by the Iharp- to Euro- Europeam to efcape the infection, whil!.t nels of the air, to keep confined to their pean,. they fl eep, their bodies being more fufcep- houfes , or chalnbers, without Ilirring a- tible of it than the natives. Thefe unwhole- broad, unlefs upon very urgent occafions: , forr.~ mills rife every nigllt throughout the for the air is fca r,ce to be endur'd, becaufe I whole year; but efpeciall y in the winter it fuffocates, obliging people to draw their Diffic"ll) i feafon, and then mo!.t in July and Augull, breath often, and Jhort; and thf!Y are forced in brtath: ~s was faid above. It is no wonder, that to correct the acutenefs of it with fome fwee t ,"!. I fuch fogs, together with the intolerable oil; without whiCh, it would be difficu lt french about the habita tions of the BlackJ, breathing as at other times. I and all th~ abovemention'd intemperances of This !harp· piercl(lg ·alr is as prejudicial, WonderJiove fou r of the winter fcafon are fo different, that hours; before itklll'd them. ~efit!es, the fometimes a fi re could be well endur'd', th~ joint~ .of floors .in chambers, and th ~ decks weather being often mud, like September in and fides of ihips, as far as \hey are ·abo~e France or Ellglal1d, -and evenings pretty cool, water, did 'open fa -wide, that a, caul~ing- VOL. V. Dd d iron 194 ~', ' A ,Defcription of the BARBOT. iron could be thr~A: in. deep between the , Notwithftanding I have before faid fome- D~"g.r " ""'" feams, continuing fo all the time the Har- thing to the fame purpofe, I think myfelfi"IK.l-- ma/all lafted; and as foon as it was over, oblig'd here again to warn failors, that they TIll • thofe joil)ts and feams elofed again of them- do not lie down on the decks uncover'd, as ' felves, as jf they had never open'd. they are toO apt to do after working hard j or .-II" "n- Thefe Harma/ani generally blow from perhaps drinking brandy, punch, or any ',Ah,gm' .. f Eaft to ENE, and are the moft fteady frelh other ftrong liquor, which may occalion gales that are obferv'd to blow, never at- them to neep fo all the night: for it is ten tended with thunder, lightening, or rain, or to one, but that in the morning they will find at leaft very rarely. They generally turn themfelves fo ftiff and cold, as not to be the rides from their ccnftant courfe, which able to ftir from the place; which cafts is eaft, to rhe weft, and impel them wirh a them into fluxes, of which few or none re- great force; which change, as well as that cover. k behoves them therefore carefully of the 'l"ornadocJ before-mentioned, is advan- to avoid lying abroad, and uncover'd in the tageolls to Ihips bou~d from the eaft part night j and mafters of Ihips ought firitl:ly of the coaft to the weftward; which is here to forbid it,if they value the fuccefs of their caJl'd the upper coaft, as the eafiern part is voyage.~, many ftoutand brave men having named the lower: perilh'd miferably after this manner on rhe .. The land-wind is feldom known to ' blow coaft of Guinea: and thus voyages, wh~h . here in the winter feafon ; that which then ' might otherwife have been advantageous, confl:antly reigns, and pretty frelh" is from have prov'd deftrutl:ive to the adventurers, the SW. to the WSW. along ' the coall: for want of hands to carry the Ihips home downward; which drives the tide ftrongly with all diligence, which is a main point to the Eaft, and ENE. rendeling the navi- towards a good voyage. But of this more gation tedious and toilfome to thofe who in anoiher place. are bound from Fida anddrdra, to crofs the In September the winds ufually blow Septe,!!- equinoCtial. Being once in the bight or from the fouth during the day driving a- ber "rt~" gulph of Guinea, upon fuch a voyage, I ob- way the fiench up the inland; and the :.~AJ"­ [erv'd, that when we fteer'dSSE. we made north wind returning commonly at night, • but an ENE. courfe, carries it off again to fea. This month of September, by degrees drives away the win- Cold in G II I NitA. ter feafon; and generally concludes wi~h fine THE high winds which blow fiercely in clear weather, and great heats. . 'july and Auguft, occafion cold wea- The gold coaft lying between the tro- ~""tIfol , ther, tho' coming from the South and SSW. pick and the line, it is eafy to guds what "ghtening; as they then generally do, caufing a Iharp, dreadful thunder it mufi be fubject to, raw, foggy air, with a great ll:ench on and which is moll: in the winter feafon. The 'near' the land. The fea then runs high, and lightening is fometimes fo frightful, that it GnAt rough. Some years there are fuch fierce really looks as if the world were going to Jlorms. and boifterous ftorms in the country, that be confum'd by fire. The Iheets of lead , thoufands of trees are either torn up by the nailed on the fides of a gallery, over the - roots, or f plit. feams of the Ihip I was in, were in fome FroJl . The cold is alfo faid to be fo Iharp at places almoll: reduc'd to nothing; an,\it is night, that many have, been perfuaded it ,recorded at Mina, that in the year lOb I, froze ; the earth, which is commonly very gold and filver were melted in bdgs, which moift, by reafon of the dew, appearing on remain'd untouch'd. ' the contrary dry and whitilh, and ink found frozen in the houfes. This is not at all im- GUINEA fatal to EUROPEANS. probable ; for I have met with fuch cold THefe things eonfider'd, ir is no wonderm..,s;" ',\ ' weather under the line, that one of our rhen that the coaft of GlIin~(I Ihould yearly Guioeil madeule of his gloves and a muff he happen'd confume fo many Europeans living alhore ; to have among his apparel. efpecially if we confider their way of living, l"jim,Us In the good feafon , I haver obferved the being utterly unprovided of what Ihould tllr . effect of the corrupted evening air to l be comfort and nourilh them; having wretched fuch, that in two hours it corrupted a piece medicines, unskilful [urgeons, and no fup- ' of frelh meat, fo that the next morning it port of nOllrilhing diet and reftoratives. fwarm'd with maggots, as foon as the fun The common fort, at beft, can get nothing came to Ihine upon it; and even on woollen 'but filh , and fome dry lean hens, and were , clo thes, that layout all night, th"! vermin they able to pay for better, it is not to be would breed: nor could we keep the filh had; for all the , oxen, cows, Iheep and j uft taken out of the water, fweet above poultry, are lean, tough, and dry; nothing four hours. By this we may guefs what ef- being good but fpoon-meats. As for the fect the air of the high feafon, or winter, chiet: officers, they are commonly pretty 'may have on fuch bodies, and conftquently well fupported with better food; as eit~er ~n human nature. , havmg I .C HAt'.12. Coafls of SOUTH-GuiNEA. having it fent by their friends in EIII'Op., or as they firO: went out: and it very feldom BARDo·r. buying it of EltrOpetlll lhips that trade on happens that any make their fortunes, ex-~ the coalt, or elfe receiving prefents of good cept the commanders in chief of forts, who poultry, fait meat, French and Madera have the bell: opportunity of laying up; or wine, neats tongues, gammons, all (arts of thofe who make no account of the folcmn pickles, preferves, fruit, fweet oil, fine oaths they have taken, not to trade for their flower, choice brandy, &c. with good frefh own proper account, dircCl:ly or indireCl:ly ; medicines and reltoratives. Befides, they which oath is generally admini!1:er'd to every are not oblig'd to be expos'd to all forts of perfon employ'd by any of the dfrical1 como' weather, either to the fcorching air of the pani~s in Europe. Yet many of them open- day, or cold evening-dew; nor to hard la- ly profefs they went not thitber for bare "'1, bour, or going from one place to another wages; and I fear the number of fuch is in canoes; or, which is worfe, paffing over not fmall in every nation. I bars, and the breaking of the fea,wherein, as I How unwholefome foever the Gold Coaft have faid before, there is a hazard be fides that is, the European! who do not relide afllore, of drowning; or if they have occafion to do but are conltantly abo~rd the rhips, are no- this fometimes, they are prefently lhifted thing near fa li .lbl ~ to the maligni ty of the and comforted with reitoratives : whereas corrupted and infeCl:ious air, provided they the common fort, efpeciaUy canoe men, la- be any thing cautious and careful of them- bourers and foldiers, are expos'd to all forts felves ; and efpecially if tbey avoid the fre- of fatigues and hardrhips upon every com- qu ~nt opportunities which offer arhorc, of mand, without thofe comforts and fupports hard drinking, and having to do wi th black !!xttf{tl which officers have_ Befldes all this, they women ; and if they take heed to fll ift them- of Euro- are generaJly men of no education or prin- felves often aboard, after being we t, or ha- peans. ciples, void of forefight, carelefs, prodigal, ving work'd hard in the hold of ·the Jhip : addiCl:ed to ltrong liquors, as palm-wine, to which pllrpofe moll: of them wear only a brandy and punch, which they will drink ro pair of drawers, or thin breeches, leaving excefs, and then lie down on the bare ground the rell: of their bodies quite naked. in the open air, at the cool of the evening, The fea-breeze, during the day, is a .Ahan- without any other covering but a fingle great refrelhment to them, notwithltanding ~ag" o[b,- !hirt; nay fome, and perhaps no fmall num- the fcorching heat then reigning; and the Ing .b. .r J. ber, are over-fond of the black women, lhips generally riding two or three Englijh whofe natural hot and leud temper foon miles from the lhore, the !1:ench of the waltes their bodies, and confumes that little town, and the milt of tbe night, is fddom fubltance they have: tho' fuch proltitutes carry'd fa far from the land, by the north are to be had at a very inconliderable rate, wind which then blows. Belides, they are yet having thus fpent their poor allowance, much better fed aboard than the common thofe wretched men cannot afford to buy people are alhore. themfelves convenient full:enance, but are The natives are feldom troubled \vith'Nati"tJ forced to feed on bread, oil, and fait, or, at any di!1:empers, becaufe being bo rn in that htalthJ. belt, to feall: upon a little fi rh. Thus 'tis unhealthy air, and bred up in fl ath , and not to be admir'd that they faU into feveral that !1:ench, thofe things little affeCl: them; di!1:'.mpers, daily expofing their lives to and when the Tornadoe! happen, which are 6anger, very many being carry'd off thro' attended with great claps of thunder, lh rhes thefe exceffes, in a very deplorable condi- of lightning, and violent rain, by them tion, by fe vers, fluxes, cholicks, confump- very much dreaded; they keep- very clofe tions, all:hma's, fmall-pox, coughs, and within doors, and under fl,d ter, if pollible, fometimes worms and dropfies: of all which being fenlible of their dangerous effeCl:s on difeafes, I lhall fay more in another place. human bodies : or if they cannot avoid be- But it is not only the inferior fort who are ing expofed, their !kins are fa fup pled by guilty of this irregular courfe of life ; there daily anointing with palm-oi l, that the are too many of the officers and heads , who, weather can"' make but little impreffion on the greater their falaries and profits are, them, the pores being !1:opped, and not fo the more eager they are to fpend them ex- open as in white men. travagantly, in exceffive drinking, and o- The common difeafes of the Blacks along Difta(" of ther vices, never minding to keep fome- the whole coa!1:, are the fmall pox and Blacks. thing by the)11 to procure frelh provilions worms ; the firlt of which fweeps away at all times for their fupport. Nay, fome of grea t numbers every year, and the latter them nm fa deep in debt, to gratify their grievour. y affiiCl:s them in feveral parts of diforderlyappetites, that their pay is ftop- their bodies; but more efpecially in the legs, ped, or made over by bond, before it ,be- and occalions extraordinary pains. I /hall comes due; fo that feveral, who do not die fay more of there and other di!1:empers the there, return home as empty in the puree Bla,k, are fubject to in another place. 3 C HAP. . 1>.00 i '-I.lf. IlARBOT. ,~ ,Cil 'A P . .?CIII. Httshandry; maiz; or .Indian W,heft, -a,n~ o,.tferg~p'~~ ,; ~o~t~ ,; gar1etJing:, " fltgar~canls; f~uif ;p~~m~i~<~re~sYI wJ1¥ !!~es; . 1IT~ tfJ(l~!~gof ja/t, . THE H U'SB A' N DRY. ' ,~I Ji~~ ~at~rl~ls; ~hQ; .this they {'!\> mQr:.c!,p~~-T,.ohar- Y have generally tWO (eeq an~ :ticljlar)Y' fqr mill~t, Qr other fmall~r grain vtjiJ, ' two ,harveft-feafons on the 'vold (.:oaj/. thal1 the !n~i{ln ~heat ,; ; and in it tht;y k.eep The nrft feed-titt;le is at the ,lart~r ' ella ,of f9111e of , ~heIr ctuldren or Oaves all the day, , March, and the firl,l: harvef\; in AugujJ. tiJl ,parveft-time, .to fCte fOQd. Thefe three fQrts grow fre~uenting this coaft, than our phyfical like Rr.:ellfP beans in Fr~I!C~ or England,' d~ preparatiQns ' brought frpm Europe can do, ther, P~irJ fort. The third fort is the pardon-wine tree, The pardon, and criffia-wines are drawn . which grows no where but in the lands of from the trees whilft they are g rowing, from A.yim, Allcobel', and Abocroe; ahd fome, but four,or five, or more ftalks, eve ry tree gene- not many, in the country of All/a. rally 0100tS out. BLlt ' the right palm and 7 .. ,..th The fourth fort is the criffia-wine tree, 'quaker-wines are dillill'd when the trees lire fort. which is only peculiar to the countries of ·old enough to be CUt, · which ,is done after Anta, Jabs or Jabi, and Ado1ll. ·tltis manner: I " A fingle palm-wine tree, when once at i, ~Iley fhip the tree of all its branches; and U'lnt, h,., maturity, which is at ten, twelve, or fifteen when it h~s Il:ood ~ few days, they bore URlj.ml. years, affor~ing but ten, fifteen, or twenty -little hole 111 the · thlckell: part of the trunk, gallons of wme to be drawn · but of it, pro- into which they ,qrive a fmall . bulrufh or portionably to the goodnefs of the ground 'reed; thro' whi£h, , the liquor drops into a in which the tree is planted, ·and being af- pot fet under, ·and tied to the ·trunlc to re- terwards . cut down, and fit for nothing ceive it. Thus the wine di[bls, but 'fo very but fewel, it is natural to infer that there nowly, that it fcarce fill s a pottte in· twenty- \ mull: be a prodigious number of them in four hours. In this fnanner, it yields wine the country, confi.dering what vall: quan- .for twenty, or thirty, or fometimes more tities of that wine come daily to the coall:- days, according to the nature of·the ground ' markets and clfewhere, or elfe the wine 'the tree is planted in; and when it is almoll: would be foon at an end, being commonly exhaull:ed of its juice, they kindle a fire at fold at two fhillings the half anchor of five the bottom or fOot of it, in order to draw gallons, or thereabouts; and at fome times with a greater force, what little liquor may and places, it is one half chea per than at o- be Il:ill left in it. In fome places, when the ther. pardon and criffia-wine trees are drawn I The right palm-wine, being drank frefh whilf1: yet gr0wing,and are almoll: exhaufred. \ when it comes from the tree, is delicious, they cut them down, ·and kincll~ · a fire ~t '\ ,and more agreeable than the fin ell: me- one end of the tn.ink 'laid on the ground, ' theglin; but withal fo Il:rong, .hat it foons and hold a pot at the other end to receive I P~lm-"i .. gets into the head, and intoxicates. But that the liquid lubftance, the force or power of II ..d ull.- which the country people bring daily to the the fire forces out. . 'M,d. coall:, or to markets, is nothing near fo a- This way of extracting palm-wine, fhews greeable and Il:rong, becaufe of · the large what a multitude of palm-tr.e~s there mull: mixture of water they put into it, tho' it be in thefe parts, wherel~lpi­ frou and Boutry, but not in' any quantity_ cable fauce, efpecially when new: .itiis alfo I .had alrnoil: .forgot to mention water- m./er-· very il:rengthning , and , wholefot;Je,l in fo : melons, an agreeable and rich fruit, becaufe mel,n,. much that fame prefer it ~here, 10 fevefal · there is no plen ty of them there, through dilhes before olive-oil. , ' . the lazinefs of the Blacks; for there might The pulp of thefe nuts; after preffing be abundance along this coail:, the climate ' out the oil, is a delicate meat for the Black!; ,being proper for them, as appears by what and when kept till old, is extraordinary good the gardens of the Europeaw, and efpecially to fawm hogs, and render their Ilefh very the Dutch, afford of this fruit. S"'I' .f firm. . The ftone of the nut, is almoQ: as . They grow in the G'tme manner as cucum- Ih, nut. big as a common walnut, and hard as ' ir9.n, bers, but . bear a different leaf; and are having three very fmall holes or openings at · about twice as big as melons in · Fral1ce. one end: this il:one contains three fmall ker- bein~ in their prime in 'lilly and Augufl: . nels, as big as fmall almonds, and · h~ve no and In feafonable years tl1cy have them twice favour. a year. This palm-oil is of ' great ufe. to t~e This fruit . is leIS injurious, and much inhabitants, in feveral refpects; for Qtfid,s healthier for . a feverinl perfo n, than the its ferving to feafon their meat, fi)h, J:ic. . Anana. and to burn in their lamps ~o light them. at The water-melon being yet unripe, and night, it is an excellent ointment again(1: not at irs full bignefs, is green without and rheumatick pains, winds and . colds in. the white within; but when come to maturity, limbs, or other like dif~afes, being applied the green rind becomes fpeck led with white. very warm. The Blacks in general anoil}t ,and the whitenefs that was within, is then their bodies almoil: every day, all over with fomewhat intermix'd with red: the more it; which foftens and renders their Ikin red it has, the riper and the more deliciolls fmooth ' and almo!l; )hining, and thereby it is, being watry, refrelhing and cooling. more cdpable of bearing the intemperanG,s The praecoce-melon is eaten like a falad. of rain and weather. . after 'the manner of cucumbers, which it I have been very prolix in the d~fcription fomewhat refembles, hav ing fuch kernels; .of all thefe different forts of palm, coco- which when the fruit is full ripe, [Urn black. flut" and of the pizang-trees, plantan~ , alld and are then fit to plant. The flelh of this bananas. · But I thought it a fervic~ ~b. fu~h < fruit, is a watry congealed fubftance, which as .fhall frequent that pan of Guinea, tl)e . melts in the mouth, as foon as chew'd, and productiollS of the. aforefaid p!aQts ,lleing therefore a man may eat a whole melon, of fa sreat life and ben~fit to the traveller~, without much difficulty. WI LD- CHAP. 13. Coafls of SOU'I'H-GUIN EA. 20~ \V peam have ri,ade any ufe of them; for had iJA,(/lOT. I!. o-T R E E S. A fuch trees fit for larger or fmall cr ma!1s, ~ S to the wild-trees, the bell: part of been found up the country, it would be :\ the whole coaft is well furniOl'd with very difficult tafk to br.ing them down to them of all fizes, but efpecially towards the the OlOre, the ways being every where fo inland countries, where the ll:ate1 y woods, very narrow and trooked. :lnd fweet charming groves ferve to render There are alfo feveral forts of trees, v eryeflri'w the malignity of the place more fupporrablc\ \ fit for curious works in wood, and partiCll- >PODd. for 'tis a perfect delight to trave! the inland larly tlie countrv of An/a, and that of Acroll, countries up hnd, tho' the roads are gene. have abundance'of fine yellow wood, where- rally very incommodious and bad;' as has of very neat tables, chairs, and fuch other been already obferved. The countrieS of nece!f.'uies may be made. and about Mina and Acro, are more bare I fhall conclude this difcourfc of trees, of trees than other places of the' Gold Coajl. ' with obfcrving that the Blacks, in all parts Cotton· Moft of the forts and fpe,i es of wild-trees, of this countr.y; have' fet afide and con fe- IrttJ. are of another kind than what' Europe com- crated fome peculiar trees, as they do moun-' monl y produces, and therefore it is not eafy tains, ' rocks, the fea, and other inanimate to give a true idea of them. Amongfi the beings, under which they perform their re- feveral fpecies thereof, only one is properly ligious worOlip; thefe being generally fuch named; and that is the capot-tree, or the as nature has given the greatefl: perfeCtion cotton-tree, becaufe on them grows a fort to, as I fhall farther relate in the ,ourfe of of cotton-wool, there call'd capot, which this dcfcription. is very ufeful in that fcorching climate, for I filling of beds, feathers being much too SA L T made. hot. ' HER E the land is ' fa high, that By.,iling, Some of thefe trees are fa high, that their W the fea, or fait-rivers cannot overflow branches and top are fcaree to be reach'd, by it, the natives boil faIt water fo long in cop- a common muO"et-Oiot. The wood of this pers, or earthen pots or pans, made on pur- capot-tree, is light and porous, and fcaree pofe, till it comes to the confi(\ence of faIt; proper for any other ufe, but to make ca- but this is neither the 010rtefl:, noi' the mofl: noes. And the great ones made at Axim and profitable way. Cormentill , where the Blacks are dextrous At thofe places where the fea, or falt-ri- By Ih, pm; artifts at fuch work, being generally better vers frequently overflow, ' they dig pits to than thirty foot long, and proportionabl y recei ve that water; ' as at 'Carlo , Ana11l aboll, broad, made of a fun it piece'of wood, e- and Acra: afterwards the fun dries up the li- quaIi y thick allover; and confidering few quid parr, and the faIt remains at the bot- trees grow directly fo, it is eafy to conceive, tom, which is much help'd by the nitrous that the canoes do not amount to above half quality of the ground ; fo that there is no the bulk of the tree, and thence to infer manner of trouble, any farther than looking how prodigious high and large futh trees to it now and then, and g athering it when mull: needs be. made. The inhabitants do not ll:ick to affirm, Such Blacks as are unwilling Or un able to there are fome of thefe trees, in the country have copper boilers, ufe the earthen pots large enough to fhelter or cover twenty above·mention'd,. fetting ten or t welve of thoufand men under them. them clofe to one another, in two rows, all There is one tree at A xim, which ten men cerhented together with clay , as if done by could fcarce fathom, for the prodigious a bricklayer, keeping a fire under them, [prouts, which clofely furround it. continually fed with wood. This is a te- Thefe trees are full of thorny prickles. dious and toilfome way Of making faIt, and Some grow up in fuch a wonderful manner, tJ,e quantity it produces is lefs ·conflderable. that it furpaffes what the moll: fkilful artifl: The faIt made or boil'd along the coalt, Whitt. could do ; others grow fo thick, and their is generally very white, excep t at Acra ; fhady boughs are fo wide ,e xtended, that bur' that made 'in the Fantin country is like they form entire alleys; which afford an the very fnow. amazing f.1tisfaction to any who are inclined The fait produced in the pits, is generall y nDit,d l he to take the pleafure of walking along them. more Olarp and tartchan that whIch IS made .,ft. The capot-trees commonly grow to the by boiling, which on the other hand is greateft height and widenefs, when plante~ commonly more pleafant and better tailed, on moift grounds, and near the fides of fl- and confequently more valuable. vers and watry places. The puper feafon of the yea r to make It is very likely there are good large trees, f.~lt, cfpecially in the pits, is from 'the latter fit to make mails, if not for the greatell: end of Novemher, till the beg inning of fhips, at leaft for barks, yachts and Ooops. M arch; the fun being then in the ZCi1ilh , But as yet, I have not heard that any Euro~ and confequently his force greater than at Vo L. V. G g g any A.Defcription o/the BARBOT. any -other time of 'the" year. The fame is The faIt of the -coaft in general, does .~alfo the feafon -to carry it into all the inland not keep its favour very long, as has been countries, for then the Blllcks come down found by experience in the meat falted with from thofe parts in, great numbers, to buy it, which grows fuarp and bitter. it of the faIt-boilers, anc\ carry k away in The Blackr all along the coaft are en- round reed bafkets,: made like fugar-Ioaves, rich'd by boiling, or making of faIt, and and cover'd with nhe leaves 'Of the fame reeds might ftill make a much greater advantage. the bafkets are made of, to keep the falc if rhey were not fo often at war among from any wet, and from the fcorchingheats-; themfelves; becaufe all the inland people. which were it not for the c10fe packing of from very remote parts, muft fetch it from thofe bafkets, would foon turn the faIt very the coaft, and the carriage fa far up the in- black. The faid balkets are carry'd on the lalld" being very chargeable, the pooret1: backs of naves, thor never fa far, or in fa fort of the natives, are forc'd to make ufe great number. __ of -a faltifh fort of herb, inftead of faIt •. It is fcarce credible how the faIn will har- which is there fa exceffive dear, that in fame den, by lying any time in thofo balkets, places far up from Acra, they fay, a nave. where it confolidates jIlfo one entiue lump, and fometimes two, are given for a handful fa h;1rd and firm, thadt requires a grean _ of fait. force to break it. The Blacks call fait lnkin. _ C HAP. XIV. Of wild and tame crealttres ; elephants, bufJtlloes, IJgers, jackals, crocodiles; wild-boars, civet-cats', wild-cats, de-er, aTJIe/opes, apes, monkeys and ba- boons; the jlugtard, ]hakes and flrp_ents, lizards, came/eons, porcupines, field-rats; cows, fl~ep, [wine, goats, horfts, a.!Jes, dogs, cats, rats, mice and weafols. Of E L E l' HAN T S. countries. This is very fortunate for the .Ft" at T HIS part of fouth Guinea, tho'-not inhabitants of the coaft, the elephants being th, Gold eoall. _- - altogether deftitlite of e!ephlllltS, ef- fa mifchievous to th!>: fruits and plants, as pecially up the inland country, which is they are; for they beat down ftone or brick- c"ft tI, ... moll: fllady and, wooded; yet is notbing walls, without much exerting their ftrength, ..,,,US,ITt,,; near fa abJundanrly fbock'd , with thofe vaft and feeming only to toueh them lightly. &c. creatures, as are all the lands to the weft- M~ch lefs do they find any difficulty in ward of the Gold eoafl, from IjJeny td cape tearirlg the coco-nut trees, which they do Patmas, and _f a onward that fame way" with as much eafe as a lufty man can over- which is infer'd from the great multitude thTow a child of three years of age; and be- of teeth, which has been there traded for, ing lovers of figs, bananas, and other forrs every year fucceflively, from almoll: qime of fruit, they would deftroy a\l {he trees out-of mind; and particularly on the Itua- which bear them, clevouring not only the qua coall:, whither, thofe immenfe numbers fruit, but the branches, and of fame the of the (;~id teeth, are in a\l probability very ftem . The fame they would do with brought down from the adjacent inland the corn, could they come at it. For this countries of Augwiila, Jummora, and others reafon, if any elephants happen to appear unknown. From one end to the othw of near the fuore, the counrry people all gather {he Gold Coafl, there is no manner of trade to affault them with their fire-arms, either for teeth, that I ever could hear of; or if to kill, or drive them up the country into there be any at fame particular time, it the woods, which are their natural refuge muft be towards the weft end of. it, and and ihelter. Th~fe encounters with ele- they muft be brought down thither from- phants feldom happen without the death of the abovementlon'd inlafld countries, and one or more Elacks, either trampled under fr0111 thofe of Igwira, A bocroe, Allcober, f~et, or torn in pieces by them, as has and Axim, in which there is a much greater been often feen, when any of them have number of elephants, than in all the other come in fight of the forts or towns. 'countries from cape '1'res Pon/as, to the far- The Guinea elephants are not generally SIlI.II" thelt end of the coall: eall:war-d. T he rea- near fa large and monftrous as travellers/hA. i .. fan given f"r this differen~e is, that the f.1id fpeak of in the Eaft-Indies; for in Guinea India. countries, efpecially thofe betv'een An/a they feldom exceed thineen foor. in height, and Aera, have been long well peopled; whereas in Indja they are reported to be and it is rare that any elephant is feen abO\lt "" twenty, or upwards. Nor are there white the ihore, tho' it may now and rhen happen, elephants known here, as is faid to be there. fame one happening to ftray from the inlaml Bllt we muO: not omit to take norice, that fame CHAP, 14. Coafls of SOUTH~GUI'NEA, 207 fome relations inform us, there are white no perron ever refided long enough in thofe I3ARBO·!'. elephants farther up in Africa, alono- the der.~rrs to f.ltisfy his own, or othcr men's ~ river Niger, in Ethiopia, and the coun~ry of cUl'lofityas to thofe particulars. Zangll,bar. I have heard of another qucf1:ion f1: ,l rted s,,;r. Such as the elephants are in Guinea, they by Canlcrarius, who follows the opinion 01 are certainly {hong and fwift creatures. I Bodin; and is, whether it be proper to call have already r.~id fomething ortheir f1:rength, thefe excrefcencies teeth, or horns, and de- and as for fwiftnefs, tho' of fo great bulk, fences, it being well known, f,lyS Bodill, no horfe can out-run them. The Blacks at that the 'animalll1akes no other ufe of them, Mina call an elephant Ojfrm. but to defend himfelf, and to tear and rend Th,ir 1/1.- This creature is fo well known almoff whatfoever oppofes it; be fides, that it is /i,;". throughout Europe, that It,wIIl be abfoltltcly againft the COUrle of na~ul'e for teeth to' needlefs to proceed to a defctiption of its grow out from the skull, as thefe do, but form and figure; much lefs to repeat abun- out of the jaws. I leave this to be decided dance of things reported of its natutal do~ by naturalifts. cility, wondertlll inf1:inct, if we may not There are feveral forts of eIeph'1I1tS, ass,v"al call it underf1:anding, and many other fin- the Lybian, the Indian, the marDI , the n~oull-lorlJ , gular ~ualities, which natura lifts affign it, tain, and the wood elephant. The m\t rfll as ""'.11 as Indian travellers. That it is ca- has blue and fpungy teeth, hard to be' p!:'::~ of performing many fl'rpriflng 1'110- drawn out, and difficult to be wrought t;ons and actions, has been fuffi{)ientl'y made and bored, being full of little knots. known in Europe, by fueh ofLl\em as have The mountain are fierce and' ill conditi'on'd, been expofed to pUblici<, view in fevera-l their teeth (rllaUer, but whiter and' b~tter cities, as Ptlri!, L ontbll, Ainftdrdalll, &c. {haped. The field elephant is the beft, As to their f1:rength and fury, when en- good. natured, docibl'e, and has the bl'geft raged, after being made drunk with wine, white teeth, eafier to be cut than any otner', and mulberry juice, reacl· I Maaab. vi . 34' and may by bending be fhaped. into any and 3 NJaccab . v. I, and' 30. There it ap- form, according to ]u'Uellltl. pears the elephants in that condition did The female excels the male in fl!rengthj F,mal,,; mighty execution. in a battle, particularly but IS more timorous: It has tlv6' ceats, if the mulberry JUice and wme were mll1'd not on the breaft, bur batkwards, and more with a quantity of frankincenfe. concealed . . In bringing· fOl'th, tlieir ]Joins I fuppofe the faid elephants mentioned in are very great, and theY' are raid to fquat the Maccabees, were fent from Nubia; or down on their hinder' legs. Some fny, fhey ./lbifJinia into Egypt, fince king Ptolemy Pbic bring but one young one at a tin\ e;' oihers lopa/or could get five hundred of them to'- fay four; \lihich fee and ' go as foon as corrie gether, to ferve him in his battels,· as ap- into the world, and fUclt' witli the !11blltH; pears by the texts ; for he could not fo nor with tlie lrunk. conveniently have got fueh a number out The male's pizzle is fmall, iri pmporrion Mal". of Ajia. to the bulk of the creatUre, arid like·a fthll Nor will I undertake to argue about the lion's; his tef1:icles appear not, out'aofcofJd tong lifo· length of their life, which is fo varioufly about the reins" which renders ' tHerh the reprefented. A s to this particular, I {hall fitte'r for generation, T-heir feet a re round only infer, by way of confequence, that l ike horfes hoAftantly live; and it is moft likely that doing execution immediately, that fome- ' an J. times of the BARBOT. times two hundred 1hall be fpent upon one to kill them at one 1hot, hitting between "V""¥ of thofe creatures, without making it faU, ' the eye and the ear, as has b~en obferved. the leaden bullets being quite flatted when However that is, I would not advife any they hit their bones, without ~reak~ng ,?r man, who values his life, to come fo near piercing them; and fome parts qf thell' Ikm an elephant; for-tho' fome have p:tfs'd by are fo hard, that they are noc to be pene- unmo1eil:ed, yet others have found much trated by them, tho' fometimes they are difficulty to efcape them, and many have hurt and will bleed very much. There- perifhed. _ fore thofe w)1.o are more expert make I have been told another way of huntingT"k,. ufe of iron !lugs, the leaden bullets be- elephants up the inland, where the ufe ofp i,s. ing too fofc to, break their bones, or pe- fire-arms is not fo common. There the netrate fome parts of their Ikin. ' However Blacks dig large pits in the ground, which it fometimes happens, that one leaden1hot they fill with water, and lay acrofs it !light will kill an elephant, when it hits between wood, or bamboes, fo c10fe as to bear a- the eye and the ear, tho' even there the bundance of leaves, or other greens to cover bullet is flatted. , Some-pretend thac is the the mouth, only leaving fo much open, as only place where an elephant is· vulnerable; ' that the elephant may fee the water, to but we read in the firft book of Maccabees, which he foon makes to drink or t}lol him- chap. vi. ver. 43, and 46, that EI~azar, felf, and fo drops into the pit. 1 ~:"ll the furnamed Abaran, killed a mighty elephant, Blacks who lie hid to obferve it il. -t-he which carry'd thirty arm'd men, by thruf- thickets, fall upon the beaft thus fecuI<:me Their moll: ufual food is filh, which they and [oDd.. are thirty foot lung, and will fwallow a buck a.re continually chacing at the bottom of che whole. " . . rIvers. I was prefen ted by the Danijh general at There is another fmaller [orr of allit-" ·tors A [mall" Acra with a young one alive, being about call'd Leguaen, almolt of the fame lhaF ·-"s/ort. feven foot long, whlth he kept ih a large the great ones, bur feldom above four fo( '(' fat, 'and had defign'd 'to bring It Qver into long. ' The body is fpeckled black, the"- Europe; but confideting' the grekquantity !kin' v~ry tender, and the eyes round. Thefe offrelh water that ,would be fpellt ihfo long hurt· no ' creature but hens and thickens a pa"illlge, as from '"thence tp the French whic~ ,they dell:roy wherever they ca~ com~ Leward ifiands of AIJI'ericJ, al'ld tHelice' into at them . . The fYhltes; as well as the na- France, l order1d it to be ' kill'd;' ai}d f(1)1(: tives; ~ll agree, that the fleJh of this crea- of my men and th~ I Blac~s eat lt, 'as i dell- ture Is , mu~h fiI'ler than any fowl. I'J jI,{h cate bit. It tafted-tiluch 'like veal, ' bb t very ,A t~lrd fort of alligators there is, which LanJ -Iii- [,"",. lufcious, ' and had a f\:"rong fcent of l)1usk . always Ijv~ on land, by the Blacks call'dg, ... ;,,: . The body of this creature is cover'd with Lallgaqi: Har4., ftal fuch a hard skin,' and fql)are ftales, of a The 'iilligators bury their eggs in the: fand, ". dark brown colour, ' (h~t there is ho poffibi. and as foo[1 as th~y are hatch'd, the young. lity of killing it with amusket-bal1; where- ones run into the water or the woods. Na- fore the Blacks make 'c~ps of its skin; Iwhich varette, in his fupplemene, fays, that in In- can,no't be cut with a hanger, being is hard dial' £kulIs, bones, and pebbles were found as a land-torcoife Ihell. The belly" is fofcer, , in the beJIy of an alligator; and that he which they therefore ~ake care not to expofe was told, they fwa!lgw..'d pebbles to ballaft . ~:; to danger; fo that tpere is fcarce any way themfclves." He adds, and F. Colills a mif- of killing them but at the head, and fa it fioner affirms, that they have four eyes and was we ferv'd the young one that waS-give!} no tongue; thatthe females devour as many How kill'd. tile , at Acra. A frout f1lack fqt aftride on of their 'Own young as they can, either as the head of the fat ~he cr~lCodile was kept they come into the water, or running dOlYn in, wich a large hammer in his hands, and the ll:rea,m, and that two bags of pure muik two other Blacks one' on ' each fide Of the had been found in an alligator, where the /idt, holding a couple of iron bars athwart two Ihort legs join to the bod y. the head of the cask; another Black knock'd out the head of thB fat, through which the WILD BOARS, alligator advancing his h~ad, with £lamina 'WHich in Europe we reckon among the eyes, . to get out, but being ftopt by rh~ ravenpus beaits, are not fa fierce along two iron bars acrofs, the Black who fate on the coall:, where there \ ll y at !Vinllfrofl and /111111110"0, with «nail white fpeeks ; the tail, wh ich has flo",.," In h·llI. 1 hey arc l11uch like ollr faxes in very long hnir, is about three fingc rs broad ,!"'" li l.c and n1.\p~, bllt longer legg'd, and thl: fpeckled in the (;lme 111anncr, and [0 .Iong , ud ex.let ly like aliI' Ellropean C:l ts, but ra- that it rcaches back to their heads, Illll! h thcr longer, in proportion to their bodies; after the manner of Ollr «]ni rrcis. Thclc their hai r grey, full of black fpots. They creattlres are ve ry fond of l',dm-wine, and fcetl better 011 raw nen1 and entrai ls of m"y perhaps marc properl y be ca ll ' t! (quir- bea rts, than on boi l'd millet or any othor rels. . grain; and being fo fed, afFord much 1110re DEE R . civet than otherwife : efpccially the males, THE R E are at leart twenty forts o f S.wrn l becaufc the females cannot avoid piffing in- deer in this country, faille of them as/or". to the civet-bag, which fpoi ls it. I carry 'd large as fm all cows ; others no bigger thal1 lome very fine CIvet-cats in to Fral/ce, wh ich !heep nnd calS, molt of thelll red, with a wcre much aum ired there, and afIorded eX'- black lirt on the back, and fome red cu- cellent civet. rioun y f1:reak'd with white. There are grca t n""'OfIJ Thef-. creatures, when very hungry, will numbers of them all along the coa rt ; but l'hm ""0-prey In any thing that comes in their way, particularly at /llIta anel .Ilcrn, where they A'Y' wh :h they Cln maf1:er. I had one at Gua- go in droves of an hundred together. T hey nt/i,"" d7/01f!,C, which was kept in the next chamber arc all very fwee t and'good men; but twom,nt. lO me: my man having negleC1:cd to feed it for ts particularly exceed the rcO: in delicacy. a whole ,hy, it came into my chamber the The firf1: fort is of a pale moufe-colour, fub- next morning, and immediately !cap'd nt a divided into two kinds, fOlllcwhat eliA'ering curious talk ing parro t of the /lmnZOJlJ river, in their 1l1ape , the feet of the one being :\ I had brought from Ca)'Clllle, laying hold of little higher than thofe of the other; but jt by the head, tlto'·it was perch'd above fix both of them about two foot in length. foot high li'o\TI the fioor, and tore the neck The other for t is not above halHo big, of quite off before I cou ld relieve it. a reddilh colour, and extraordinary beauti- I have often obferv'd, that thefe cats will ful bearts, hav ing fmall black horns and always roll and tumble themfelves feveral ilemler legs, indifferent long in proportioll times on the Ae!h they are to feed on, before to ,heir bodies, yet fome of them no thicker Clitln- they eat it; and are fo cleanly, as always [0 than an ordinary goofe-quill ; however they Jim!s. eaf~ nature clofe up in the corner of the cage wi ll leap over a wall or enclo fure twelve t hey are kept in; and when hungry, gnaw foot high the very wood of the cage to get out for There is f1:ill ano~her fort of deer, of a AIIOf"" provifion. They are generall y fa well known ilender !hare, and abo ut fotlr foot long,!",. in all trading places in Europe, that I !hall their feet of an llnufual length, as are the forbear adding any more of them than this, head and ears ) being of an orange-colour, that they mu [t be much fretted and vexed, fireak'd with white. hefore the civet is taken out of the bag, be- All thefe feveral forts of dee r are fo very caufe the more it is enraged, the mare it fwift, as is fcarce to be imagin'cI, efpeciall y affords, and the better. The bef1: way of thofe whofe legs are no bigger than a goofe- taking it out, is with fmall leaden fpoons, quill; ancl for that reafon , as well as lor its for fear of hurting the creature in that parr, extraordinary beauty, the Blacks call it the which is very tender. king of deer. The natives give the f.1 me account of the mighty fub tlery and cau- vVJl. O GATS. tioufnefs of all thefe forts of deer, as is re- ported of ours in EllrOP_ ; which is, that they Firj!/ort. T HE R E is a fort of the. m in GU'.'l1ca, generally detach one of their body as a fen-as lic rc~ a~, and fpotted li ke, the Clvet- tinel, to give notice to the other~ of any ap- cat, wh ich delrroy all the cocks and hens proaching danger. they can come at. The inland Blacks hunt deer with bows Hmlli.g. ,,,,""!ort. Another fort of them is much fmaller th an and arrows, ancl fometimes on ly with their - th~ LLil above men tion'd, their fnollt much javelins ; at which, they are very dextrous, !harper, but the body fpotted like the ci- as to kill many of them in the chace. vet-ca rs. Thefe the Blacks ca ll Berbe. 1hird for'. A third fort of thefe cats, eaH'd K.keboe, ANT E LOP E s, reddilll, about twice as bIg as a common ARE fometimes feen and hunted at /lo'n, hOllfe-rat, i3 very mifchievolls, bites dan- the;r J'Iel'h being ve ry good, and they gerouny, anti flies either at man or beaft If incredib'le fwirt, generally hepins withill provoked. They are grea t devourers of the hilly country beyond the ElI/'opeall forts. cocks anel hens, and Ihong enough to carry The !hnpc of them is between a goa t and a them off very nimbI y. [tag, their hdrns I'ike the go~tsal1l1 buffilloes, lying 212 A Defcription' of the ' ilARBoT. lying towards their back, and a little bow'd, Guinea to Europe, efpecially confidering that V"V"'oI but commonly longer than a goat's. our carrying naves over from thence to A- merica lengthens it confiderably. ApE s; M 0 N KEY s, and B ABO 0 N S, So much might be faid of the fundry ARE innumerable throughout Guinea, forrs of apes and monkeys in thofe partsflt •• and of more forts than.can eafily be ob- as would require a particular volume; we ferv'd; wherefore we /hall only mention ,/hall only add, that they have an uncom- fome of them which are moft known. ' mon inclination and fubrilty in ftealing- Firj/ forr The firft for.t, call'd by the natives Smit- not only of fruit, corn, and the like, but oaf,.. .., ten, are of a lIght moufe-colour, and ,pru- . even things of value, whereof I will give digious large, fomll of them almoft five foot an inftance. That very beautiful monkey long, frequently feen about the, country , of ,or ape I had at Boutroe above mention'd, Atlgwina, being fo bold' as to afi"ault a man, ftole out of my cabbin aboard the /hip a and fometimes prove too hard for him, put- :c afe, in. which I had a . filver-hafted knife. ting ou t hiseyes with !l:icks they will endeavour ,fork and fpoon j and opening it, threw each tothrull: into them. They are very ugly crea- of them, one after another, into the fea, tures to look at, and no lefs mifchievous. which was then very calm, Ikipping and Their tai l is very /hort, and when !l:anding :dancing about very merrily, as eac! ',of them up on their hinder legs, they, at a di!l:ance, ,went over-board. have a great refemblance of man. Their It has been obferv'd, that when 'bey H •• ,"", heads are the mo!l: deform'd, being /hort, fieal corn, they pick and cull the beft ea~ ~ ,.rry '""'; round, and large, not unlike our great maf- ,throwing away thofe they do not like, and ci ffi . ' ,pulling others, taking one or two in c:ach ,,,,",1 for t Another fOlt is like that above in /hape, ,paw, two or three in their mouths, and one "'Dlsk'ls. but not above a quarter of the bulk,. and .or two under each arm, or fore-leg, and fo eafily taught many comical tricks and gef- go off, leaping upon their hinder legs. tures, as alfo to turn a fpit. The fame is , but if purfued, the crafty creatures dtop done by anothh kind fomewhat larger, ' by what they have , in their paws and under .' '. , the Frencb call'd Marmots, and are the com- their arms, ftill holding fall: what they have mon monkeys, their heads very ugly, and in their mouth, and fo make their efcape, , have1irtle or !lO, tail. " i with wonderful celerity. Being very nume- Str."se 'The natives fancy that thefe brutes can rous, this their ftealing, and nicety in pick- Jon,) . fpeak, but will not do it for fear of being , ing the beft ears, throwing away the others" made to work, which they abhor. , is infinitely mifchievous to the Blacks. . Apes. There are two or three other forts of apes, The natives catch them in gins and fnares, H• • tAkm; ill alike in fize and handfomenefs, but about , made fa!l: to the bough~ of trees, where half as little as the laft above/poken of, ha- , they are continually Ikippingabout; or elfe ving /hOrt hair of mix'd ,colour, ' black, ' take them when very little, before they grey, white, and red; fOl11e of a fine light , can make their efcape. , grey fpotted; others withoutfpots, with a white brea!l: and a fllarp-pointed white beard, <{be S LUG G GAR D, n fpot of white on the tip of the nofe, A S the Etlropea1/S call it, and the Blacks u, 1y and a black iheak about the forehead. I, Polto, is an hideous deform'd creature, ,;.• . crtA~ brough t one of~his fort from Boutroe, which , as any in the world, having a head difpro. was all fport and gamefomenefs, valu'd at . porrionably large, the fore-feet much like PariJ at twenty L ouis d'Or, for its tamenefs hands, of a pale moufe-colour when very and beauty; and I mull: own ' I never faw young, but turning red as it grows old, any other like it in all my travels. the hair of it as thick as wool. This hor- B,arded Another . beautiful fort are about two foot rid animal, they, tell us, when once cJimb'd """"'1" high, their hair as black as jet, and about , up inw a tree, Il:ays there, till it has eaten up, a finger in length, and ,have a long white ,not only the fruit, but the very leaves, and beard; for which reafon they are called then goes down very fat, in order to climb Little-bearded Men, of wllOfe Ikins fine caps anothercree: but being naturally fo heavy and /-..-- are made. Thefe being fomewhat fcarce, -auggilh, that it can fcarce advance ten fteps are fold upon the fpot for twenty iliillings , on plain ground in a day; it becomes again cacho , • ' :very poor and lean, before it can get up the P __f o nts . Another fort are called Peajt/n/s, becaufe next tree : and if the trees happen to be pf their ugly red hair and figure, and their very high, or the dill:ance between them na'rural ftink and na!l:inefs. ., ' confiderable, and there happens to be no Othtrforts . Befides thefe here' menrioned, , there are , food in the way, it certainly ftarves to death. feveral other forts of very fine and gentle This I deliver upon the credit of fome apes and mOll keys, but naturally fo tender, ' writers, and the Blac!es feem to believe that it is a very difficult matter to preferve ,fomething of it. them alive in fo long a pailage, as it is frol)1 , . 2 SNAKES CHAP. 14. Coa/I! of SOOTH-CU IN EA. 21 3' S sand S Ie has been obferv'd, th~t lome Blacks I3AIUlO·J·. N A K E E 1\ PEN T S, GU!,,,,, who have been hurt by ICrpcllts, hnc~. NumrrMt is very much infcf1:ed with them, fwelled extremely, but it loon fell aga in, lome 1ll0nf1:rollS big, others of Imaller and they returned to thei r former condition; lizes; but fo numerous, that not only the by which it appears, that thc venomous qua- woods are fnll, but even the houles of the lity in /idees and lerpcnts is very dilferent, natives, and the very 10rtS and lodgings of the bitc of fome being mortal, that of others the ElirOpeallJ are not exempted, moll: of but it common wound, amI that there nrc them bemg venomous, and lome to a very fome altogether hannlefs, as it is with our high degree. fnak es in Europe. }./(l 1Ifl,,,m Oft he larger IOrt fome exceed twenty-two The ferpenrs arc very great enemies to Figh' por- . ~ig. foot IJ1 length, and it is believed there are the porcupines, and there are fllarp en- ",ph", . fome much bigger up the inland; fomeB/acks gagements between thcm, when they mect, affuring me they were to thirty foot long. the ferpent [pitting its venom, and the They allo told me there arc winged fer - porcupine darting his quills, which are two ' pents or dragons, having a lorked tail and fpans long; tb ey being very large, of which a prodigious wide mouth, full of fl,arp teeth, more hereafter. extreme' f mitchievolls to mankind, and Another fort of lerpenrs are about four- morf r'articularl y to Imall children, If we teen foot long, having the lower part of n'": credit this account of the Blacks; thefe their bel ly within tlVO foot of the tail, and ~J'~ of the lame fort of winged ferpents, two claws like thofe of birds, fuppofed to which, fome authors tell us, are to be found [erve them, eitber to rear up, or to leap. in Abifjillia, being very great enemies to the One of this kind ftulfed, hangs up in the ( elephants, Some fuch ferpents have been hall, at the caftle of Millfl, taken by a feen about the river Senega, and they are' Black with his bare hands, tho' fourteen foot . adot"d and worfilipp'd, as fn akes are at long, in the garden beyond Salltiago's hill, i Wida or Fida, that· is, in a moll: religious and brought alive by him to the caflle. The I manner. head of it is like that . of a pike, and has Thefe monfters devour not onl y all forts much luch a row of teeth. of beafts, as deer, goats, fileep, &c. but Some lerpents have alro been found with T,..·hcaJ- even men, which have all been found in two heads, but whether both lerviceable to ,d. . their bellies, the Blacks killing many of the body, I leave to others to decide, Ali them almoft every day. in one place or the Blacks in general eat the Inakes and ler- ERttn. other. pents they can catch, as a very great dainty; Hornttl There is another fort of fnakes, which and I have feen Frmch gcntlemen eat them fo·k,. are olfenfive neither to man, nor beaft, any at Martinico. otherwife than by means of a Imall horn, LIZ A R D S. or tooth, running irregularly from the up- THE country every where abounds in per jaw, quite through the nofe of it; being them, in fome places thou lands toge- white, hard , and as fil aro as a needle. Thefe ther; efpeciall y along the walls of the E1I- are frequently taken or I~illed, becaufe, when ropea/I forts, whither they refort to catch full, they lie down and fi eep fo found, that flies, Ipiders and worms, which are their the Blacks tread on them with their bare food. feet, as they commonly go about the coun- There arc feveraI forts of them, fome two ny, and they will fcarce awake. Their foot long, the .flefl, whereof is delicious, and bodies are about five foot long, and as thick has lomething of the tall:e of veal. Others are as a man's arm, party-colour'd. being all venomous, and others of the Iargeft fize have over black, brown, yellow, and white ftreaks a tail abOut a foot long, and a handful broad, very curioufiy mixed. . of a brownifl1 colour, and part of their head Some of [he above-mentioned ferpents red, Moft of thofe are extraordinary ugly. twenty two foot long have been killed at Some other forts are more tolerable than Salaman- Axim, and being opened, a full-grown deer the former, being of a grecni fl' colour, and Mr. found in their bellies. One was once kill'd about half their bignefs; and others half as at Boutry , not much fuoner than the Iaft, big as thefe, and grey, which creep about and the body of a Black found in it. in the rooms and lodgings, and are there 7tn.m,us. At Mourn, a great Inake being half un- called f.1Iamanders, c1eanfing the houfes der a heap of ftones, and the other half from all [mall vermin. Thefe are the coldeft out, a man cut in two, as far as was from of all the lizards, tho' they are all natura lly under the ftones ; and as foon as the heap cold , to fuch a degree, that it is not eafy was removed, the reptile turning, made to hold them long in a man's hand; and up to the man, and fpit fu ch venom into his perhaps the excellive colclnefs of that fo,. ~ face, as quite blinded him, and fo he con- of lizards there, call'd fal amanders, has oc- tinued fome days, but at laft recovered cafioned the ~otion of the falamander's being r .. t], n,. his fight. able to Itve 111 the fire, j;"". . VQ L. V. Iii Tht 214 A Defcription· of the BOOK III. BARllOT. The other v'Ilgar conc~it, that lizards dy of ferpents, or other its enemies, and will '-""V"I have fuch a love for man, as to give him ftick into a board. They are fo bold as to warning of the ;rpproa~h ot any venomous attack the greateft ferpent, as I have men- fn the lefr, at the fame time, fo as to fee and very agreeaple; and rna y well pafs for two ways at' once. They are much of the fuch with thofe who have not fee" them: fize of flllalllizards, but longer legg'd,with for its difagreeable- figure and loa', l,(ome a longi01 tail, which they turn into a ring in- name, 'are fufficient to give a loathing \\Qd wards as they walk. I averfion; for which reafon, fome cut off Their f"J, They fcd upon flies for the mol\: part, the head, feet, and tail, before they are fer': their congue being almolt as long asthe body, ved up to table. which they dart out with an incredible fwift- . At Axim they have another fort bf field- liecona;; .• nefs, and catch the flies upon the point of it, rats, as long as the former, but much Den- drawing them into their large wide mouth. dem-', which they call Boutees, eaten only They fecm to take much delight in fucking by the Blacks. Thefe do infinite damage in the air, {hetching open their wide mouths, among the ftores of rice and Indian wheat ,'. and have no gms like other creatures. Their laid up in the houfes of the Blacks, {poiling ..<. ' ll{in being fo verY' fmooth and tranfparent, more corn in a night, than an hundred of /{hey are moft apt tochangeto a lizard-colour, ONr houfe-rats could do: for be fides what ' but do not take the colour of every thing that they eat and carry olf, they damage all is fet about them, as is falfely reported; for the reft they can come at. they will never be red, nor of feveral other There is alfo a fort of very fmall mic,e, SltIm colo11rs, tho' they have been obferv'd to whofe fl{ins have a mufl{y fcent, much like miae. change three or four times in half an hour. the odoriferous Penjilvania rat-ll{ins. They live in Guinea five years or longer, In the woods is an animal, call'd /11'01llpO Man- beiilg kept 'on trees; and fome are fent over or Man-eater, having a long Dender body eater. into Europe. Their eyes are about as half and a long tail, with a fort of bru01 at the as big as thofe of fmall lizards, and join'd end of it; is of a lighri!h brown colour and together as if they were threaded; not co- long hair'd. The natives fay, it will very ver'd with any hard !hell, but only with a foft foon throw up the earth, where a man has pliable film, like thofe of our fnails in Eu- been buried, to devour the dead body, but: rape, or thofe of lizards, fnakes, and tor- walks round feveral times before it touches toiles. the corps; which, the Blacks fay, denotes Po RCU PI N E s, the unlawfulnefs of making ufe of any thing ARE not very common on that coaft. I that is not our own, before. we have taken Thrir raw one at ll1fiama, about two foot pains, or done fomeching to earn it; but we '1'li11;. high, fome being two foot and a half, and may more rationally conclude,it is done oue brought over fome of its quills, about as of fear, which is natural to moft brutes, and thick as::! goofe's, two fpans long, .and fome that they only look round to fee whether three, according to the bignefs of the beaft, there be ,any man near to take the prey from divided a~ dilhnces with black ftreaks; as them. ! , - PLATE' 17.may be feen in [he figure of this creature, . The hares in Guinea are much like ours H.m . fig. C, here infencd. in Europe, but their flefu is not fo well re- Thefeare much like the 'porcupines I have li!h'd: Very few or none are any where to feen ;-n France, brollght over frOln Morocco. be.feen, unlefs it be in the country of Acrm; Tteth And They have f~lch !harp and 10llg teeth, that and more efpecially at Acra, that land be- fireng,b. if kept in a wooden box or fat , they will ing low, fJ.at, and gravelly. eat their way through in a night ;'and when The Blacks hum them with fticks, many provoked, !hoot out their long !harp qwills men going about the country, where they witl~ £mch fury arnd dexterity, d~at they wiH ufe.to fuelter, {homing, and beating their wound .;.n" other Crea'Ol:1re at a reafonable !£ticks one againft another, which makes diltance, piercing pre~ty deep inuo the bo~ fuch a noire as frights the poor timorous crea· CPIAP. 14. Coa/If ofSQ{J TB-Gu INEA. 21)" turcs, who run for thcir lives, and the BlacKs BAnno'r. having nnde' a ring about them, !1ilndil\g SHE E P, I./"Y'"'J pretty cloCe together, with the fticks in their ARE very numerous a11 along the coaft, Milito" !limds, kill many. . and yet very dear; the price in gold~"" and qeing generally abollt twenty eight fhillings ad, a/crame ANIMALS, awl firjf of KINE. TH fterling : an cxtrny"gant rate, cpnficicring E inland cQuntries a\lQl1f1d 111\1CI1 i11Qre that mmton is nothing nca r fo fweet and m kme, than thoCe near the fen \ Akim, tender as ours in Europe; for in reality, it is Dankira, and Ajjiante, whidl have great fcarce eatable, uolers gelt young, and fi,t- plenty of thelll, being fa remote fi-mn the ned with fry'd b~rJey-meal. !hare, that they cannot convenie~t1y pc (pn,t In my aq:QUnt of Sejlro rival', I gave dowl1; for which rearon, only a few bulls the dercription of the fheep therc, to w'hich and cows come from thence; and what the reqqer is r~fer'd, they being much alike. 1.;"/' OIl cattle they have at the cOnft, is generally They have no wool, but only hair like ,I" ",fl· \.lrought from ACY4, where ,hey arq lUP- goats, and are not much bigger than Ellg- plied withthel11 fromLabbotlee, Lampi, orLtI- Ii./P larpbs, Their horns tum towards the diJ(,{coflY, and N;n!{,o, to the ~'lfl:w'lrd Qf \lack, [omewhat bow'd, aoel their legs are Acm, "'1d from the cOUIltry of AqllCimbae, fomewbat longer in proportion th"n thofe whiel' ,Ire all ftocked with cattle, wherewith of pur European fheep. the natives of thofe parts drive a great trade , aj: Acr4, and all along the Gold Caaj/, ~s Go I\TS, has been hinted b~fpre. ARE no, fa I~rge 9n the Gold .Goof!, as Cheap and The fiJ id !;aHI~, tho' brQlJgbt from [henpe m Europe; 111 other refp eCts, they ~ti'eg ..d . £~t and in good cafe,. foqn grows poor pn much like them, and genend l yare more fat the coaft, lor want of good pafl:ure, whi,h ane! flefilY than. the fheep i for which rea[on, is eV~rY where w~nting, ~+,ep, ~t Acra, fame will rather chufe to eat the be-goats Po(qrfon , or Grerl/a and ./Ixim, it beiqg t)lere gelt young, which fqon grow much fatte r . indiff<; rent, and will keep t)lem up fOl11e ( and larger than thofe which are not gelt; be- 'time; but at Mina, and all the reft of the fldes, that a goat bears not abqy~ half the colit, both eart and weft, the beafts foon price of a !heep, ~; J" ;h, fall away, jl.OG their fle01 becomes dry and All the three fpecies of fheep, goats and infi.pid, declining to fuch ... c!egree, ;ha~ a [wine, are faid to have been fidl: carry'd cow, at full €p'owth, feldom weigh§ above oyer to the 00aO: by the POYtuglleje from thre~ )))Jndred weight, and gq)gr»/Iy qat St. crbome, whQ ,at fj.r/1: u[ed to fatten them above two hUf)dred and Ii half I ~I')P yet with Indian wheat. they are of f~lCh a bulk, that th~y f~em to There is fln infinitemu1)ber of goats: fame , ..I ii/, be double that weight. That lighmefS mull: of the Blacks are of opinion,. that the ftrong ""i",. c\lft~inl y be 9\=C;t(J.qnec! by the lorry p~lture, pJ1enfive fc.ent whidl is natural to t.hem, which makes hqt the fle!h firm and folid, e[pecially the males, was giY~n as a puni!h- 'but loore, fpungy, and ~o!lgh, ~fld of !J.n ment for haying re.quefted pf a ccrtllin de ity, ungratef'l) talk, both ip cpws anq pu)liJcks. that they migh.t be pern)itted to anoint ~7:,J,ot The cows ;jre no wher~ mi)hced, bue ,at themfelves with a precious forr offweet oint- _Mina, I fuppore for want pf !kill ,il] the ment, fi,e ufed h,erfelf; inil:ead of which, Blacks, and eVen at MinI' tl).e mIlk IS bad, ihe took a bOl> of a ftinking l)aufeous com- and the quantity very [maJl. pofition, with which fhe anO,inted their bo- At my laf1: voyage to the c.(1)e of Mina, ,dies, which caus'd them to [mell fa ftrong I prefented the then Dutch gener;l! with a ever fil]ce. hogJhead of Franc/; wine,and a fine cow I had taken abOilrd at Goertt, Which uLed to 6w I N¥, afford milk apbard the !hip, il') a tolerable ARE plentiful enough in Guitlea, and quantity, and Was extqordinar¥ well j'e- call'd Ebbio by the Blacks, who breed ce iv'd by him; and in return, jufl: as I was great numbers of them, but whether for under fail, he fent me four of toe .co.untry want of fkillin the people, or proper food iheep, which prov'd but very Corry meat, for them, they nre good for little, their fle!h even among the lI]eaneft failars. being flabby, and the fat as bad; and yet No oxm, The calves, as well as other cattle, by fuch as they are, a hog of about an hundred reafon of the forry milk they fuck hom weight, is commonly fold for the , value of their dams, are l:i'ut very wretched meat. three pounds fterling in gold. They make no oxen, the BIQcks being very They are neid1er of the filape or bulk ofShap' and unfkilful at gelding their fteers . Such a~ our 'Eurlfpean fwine, being ihort body'('~;;'!flll­ they are, they are generally fold for three and legg'd, and generally all black or fpot- ' ounc<;i of gold, worth about twelve pounds ted; but the fows are very frui t ful, ond f1:erling. ' The Blacks call a cow Name-boe- when with pig, their bellies hang down aI- W1Jia; a bullock NaIlIlQ-Bainin, and th~ moil: to the ground. oxen Ennan. ' - The ·A Defc1";ption of the BARIIOT. The hogs which are fatted by the 1f(hiles aboard !hips, they will offer to buy the dogs VV"J along the coaft, are more tolerable, but they fee there. I remember one of our nothing near"fo delicate as thofe at Fida, and cabin boys had thr~e AfJuiers of gold, at in the French Leward inands, which are of cape St. dpo/lonia, for an ugly one he had the fame fpecies, and for delicacy of tafte k~pt fome ~ime; the I!la~lc, w~o bought and firm fat, certainly much exceed ours him, mtendmg to put him mto hIS barking in Europe. or dog-fchool, out of which they commonl~ fell puppies at a very high rate. ' HORSES. The Blaclcs, who have abundance of very N ...o r T H ERE are abundance of them up the ridiculous notions, generally fancy, that 6,,,k. inland countries, but fcarce one to be our Eur~pean dogs fl?~k, when they bark ; feen along the coaft. They are very ill and theIr reafon for It IS, becaufe their dogs !haped, their necks and heads, which they never bark, but only howl, as has been f.1id. always hang down, much refembling thofe It is always obferv'd, that European dogs, of acres; being perfeCt jades, fubjeCt to when they have been there three or four fiumble, and will fcarce move without much years, al~ays degenerate into ugly crea- beating; not unlike the Norway horfes in tures, and In as many broods, their barkina' fize, and fo low, that when a man rides turns into a how I. . t> them, his feet almoft touch the ground. CATS, Ass E S, B Y the Blacks caU'd Amkayo, ':I'hofe breeq ARE generally preuy numerous along came fi'om Europe, retam theIr firft form the coaft, higherthan the horfes, and and !hape, and do not alter in their 'nature. handfomer in their kind; bur do not live Some of the Blacks, but more efpecial\y long there, for want of proper food. Their the meane!!: fort and flaves, often kill and eat ears are for the moft part longer than thofe them; however, this is frequently done for of ours in Europe. The Blacks do not ufe want, they being generally much valu'd by them to carry burdens, bur only to ride o~, the Blacks for clearing their houfes of rats being full as proper for that purpofe as their and mice. horfes. RAT sand M ICE, DOG S, ARE prodigioufly nume~ous, efpecially PLATE 18. WHO S E figure fee in the cut, are the lirft 'of them, domg much harm . faid to have been firft carry'd thither to the inhabitants, by devouring and gnaw- from Europe, and in procefs of time fo ing all they can come at. . They are exaCtly chang'd to . that !hape and form we now fee like ours in EI/rope, as to !hape, colour and they generally bear; their colour and heads mifchievoufnefs. being much like foxes, with long upright The weafels are alfo alike in all refpeCl:s, ears; their tails long, fmall, and lharp at and thefe with the cats, make it their bu- the end, without one hair on their bodies, . finefs to hunt rats. Nnk,d And but a n~ked bare [kin, either plain or fpot- The Blacks do not fcruple to eat, either h,d"UJ. ted, and never bark, but only howl. They rats or weafels, as did feveral of our failors always run away at the leaft ftroke or la!h aboard, our fhip being filII of them; and given them ; but will purfue fuch as are they did us fuch conliderable damage, du- afraid and fly from them, and bite defpe- ring the whole voyage, that to encourage rately. They are difagreeable to look to, the de!!:roying of them, I allow'd a pound but much more to handle, their. foft bald of falt·butter, for every fcore of rats they [kin, being un pleafantto the touch. catch'd. It is worth obferving in this place. l::. The natives alfo cat a fort of bird un- ' E nglifh, and double that price in time of known to tis, called the Portuglleft, 'which war. They are much like ours, in D)ape; has the body of a goofe, alid is mo[\:]y ' white. ! • and feathers, the Blacks commonly feed them with broken maiz, or mil·let. But to make W I L D- Due K s, them foon fat and fit to eat, they mult be cramm'd with meal. A~ E commonly plentiful enough on the cQa!l:, being txa~l:Iy like thofe of Eu - Du C KS. rope, 'only Jomewhat flllall er,. and of two . Large and THE breed was brought over from Bra,- , forts; but the people are not 1I1dul1:nous to inliPid. zil or other parts of America, not many get them. There have . been fo mc D10t. a- years fince, for they are exaCtly . alike, in ·bour Milia, of a very bcautrf\I! green, WIth form and feathers; and J~othing like thofe fine red bills and feet; ' of a deep charming of Europe, being there as large again, and, colour. Another fort there is, whofe feet commonl y whit~ or, bla~k,. or 'flute. and and bill are yellow, and the body mixt with brown mixt. The drakes have a large red green,and grey feathers ,: This for.t is nor fa . k~ob on their bills, almo!l: like the turkeys ;, beauti'ful ' as the fortner: ' only it doth not hang fo low, nor fQ loofe, . but firmer, and is pretty like a rcd ,cherry. " PH E A SAN T S, The young ducks are eatable, but the. ol~ A R:E plentiful enough along the Gold' ones are tough and infipid. " . ' . , .!Coaft, ,but particularly at and about· Acra. , .In the Aquamboe's country, an" at T U R KEY S. . I I , \ " Acrol1, ' near Apam, commonly of rhe fi·ze T HE R E are only. a few in th~ hands of",? ordina.ry hen; theil' feathers. fpeckled ; of the chie~ of the Europe"lI! forts, with a br;ght blue and whIte, WIth a iky- which are nothing near fo tender ~nd pala- colour ring round their' necks, about two table as ours in Europe commonly:. The fingersin 'breadth; and a black tuft 'on ;thelr' Blacks breed none at all" perhaps b~caufe lleads. 1:'0. compleat the beauty of tlus: cre~· they are very tender, and require much care . ture, ,which may be very well ranked; ;111 , to bring them up. . .' . . that.rerpeCt, :J,mong!l: the" w.ond~r(ul .. worI~s; VOL, V. - Kkk . ~ ',~~ A' Defcription of the BOOK III. R'~llQT . of nature, in the lpecies of birds, and is the eat them alive, feathers and fief'll. Thefe ~ fineit of any in Gui11ea. little creatures commonly build their nefts , The Fida pheafant, whereof there ·are but, amongft the corn. few in .this country, but a gr~at number at Nda, is grey imd white, 1\ little fpeckled SPA R ROW 5, with blue I his head is bald, and covered ARE innumerable all along the coail:, with :.\ hard callous £kin, which is all over , and differ little or not at all from ours knotty; his bill i~ yellow; frQm whence to in Europe ; doing, as well as the others, much the head grows out on each fide a red damage 'td the !;orn and other fruits of the jollop. earth, they can come at. There are many different fortS of little PAR T RID G I! s, ~r.anivorous b~rds, :-"hich alfo do the lame ABound every where, but much more at Injury to the inhabitants fields and frllits ; A.ra ; y~t for want of good /hooters, there being Come all red, others all black, but few are killed I which, when in proper and others of variety of colours intermixt. age and feafon, are good meat, particularly The natives catch great numbers of thefe [he young ones. birds with nets, and /hoot many, and eae them, as well as feveral large birds, all T U R T I. .l! -D .o v I! S, which it is impoffible particularly to dif- ARE of three forts, the Brft is finall, of tingui/h. .11, a bay colour, which eat very agreeable I ,\l1d tender. . 'CO ltN:-EA'J) E R S'. pay Cuch' a veneration, that it is a capital' TH.E-R:ffi is alf(!).aFlother fert of very' lit- crime tp, kiH one;. tho" it is a creature that d o ~Irds, wh-lCh· ar~ very numer(!)us, deftroys aU their poultry and corn, where- and ,wa·ftc the corn in the-fields fo;extremely, ever it comes,. is difagreeable ro beholcl~ th{lt'th<> Bl(jcks·, _they fay, in revens!.', will and h.1S a nauCeous fcent, is perpetually keeping CHAP.I~. Coafls of SOUTH-GUINEA,' 219 kecping in Oludc1y narty places l anc1 yet is rec- as would ferve four men, I t is likewile n IlARU01'. koned a dClty al1long the natives: who to lover of ruts, f\vallows them whole, and ~ ~ced and ferve it every day, boil meat,' lay fometimcs they will {pring up half digeltcd It on the hills, and promontories, where it out of the crop. haunts the molt WIlell a boY' or dog is fet on them, they BirtlJ ljkt There is another fort of ravenous bird, will make a good defence, pecking and 4/(llc07l. much like a falcon; ~nd tho' but a little {hiking them with their bills very fmartly, bigger than a dove, {hong enough to fly which makes a noife, as if two [ticks were away WIth the largen poultry. firiking one upon another. There is another fine bird, fomewhatAvtrJlnl~ 'I'be KIT ~ s, like the former in Ihape, its feathers inter. bird. S TEA L all the chickens, flefh, at fi{h, mixed all'over the body, red, white, black, they can fpy, even out of the hands of blue, and feveral other colours; its eyes the Black women, as they go along the large and yellow; fianding on its legs, fireet, or fit in the market; but efpecial- which are very long, as well as the neck, Iy fifh. and firetching it upward, it is near fix foot T here is a fowl about as large as a hen, high. Some of thefe tall birds are foune! .Anothtr fort. the upper part of its body fpeckled brown in the country of Aeron, near the rivets, or black, with white'; and the under, either and 'tis likely they feed on filh. red or orange colour; having a tuft of Another bird has all the feathers ",bout Ch'9,,,,,,1 freckled feathers rifing like a comb. Its its body chequeree! yellow and light blue; birds. bill in proportion to the body, is extraor- its bill long, and pointed [harp; a black dinary thick and long. fern i-circle round the neck; a long tail of :No larks, I never heard of any peacocks or larks blue, yellow, and black feathers; and a nor ptA- in this country. few feathers on its head; it feeds upon corn t'oclu. and other grain. " C ROWN-BI R D. Another bird of the fillne fpecies arid HER E is fometimes feen a fine bird, form as thelaft, differs only, in that itS bill , of many various colours, as white, is rllicl{, [hott, ahd black; the under part black, brown, ted, green, fky-colour, bIDe, of its body black; the back of a m riolif &e. having a long tall, the feathers wheteof fine yellow; and the fe~t again blac;k, the Blacks wear on th~ir heads. Another fon is much like the former, Thi~ carious rare bird is called the ,rown- but grey and 'yellow, having;> {harp bill, birEI, becaufe fome have a gold coloor, or and long feet and, claws, in proportion to a charming blue mft all' their heads, much its fize. . I in the form of the tufts we have feen on the There is another fmall bird, fl laried al- Brnsstif"l Virginia nightingales. Some call this bird mott like a fparrowj his head and, breart as birds. the Guinea peacock. It is common at black as jet; his wings and feet grey; the Fida, and is a bird of prey, of which mote reft of his boc1y of a bright red. This bird hereafter. is very fine. Another curious biFd is yet finer nh>rn the 'I'he Po" K 0 E" lart; uhe wings anol upper part of the body Pr.HE 17. IS :l bird as ugly as rare to come at, ex· entirely blue, inclining to flart of its body covered mixt wiuh fome red and blue feathers :;' his with alh coloured feathers, or ra,ther hairs, feet and biH very thick >rnd, long, both of- a for they aTe as like the one as the otller; ha- bright reddifh colour: it harbours com~ ving llnder his neck a maw, about a fpan O1only ;tbom the rive~s, and there feec1s OJ'l J0 1'1 g, as thick as a man's arm, like a red fifh. This' bird, may, ' as well as the Gold fkin, in which it Jays up its food, as th~ Coafl p>lnealant, have the pre-el:nihence for monkeys do in their chops. The neck, beauty over all the'feathered kind in Guillea, which is pretty long, anol the 'ped knob on Mld perha,ps of a,ni other par,s of tile world. the nape, is garniili'd with the fame foru o.f They have' al(o amother fort of gra:in-de- feathers, or hairs, as the under pare of the vouring bird, whofe meck, breafl:" and unc body; ill proportion t Ianguage, are [een, but 'do not (.111 into our hands. at leafl:, . • hat I did ever hear or know, ..t ho' I took all , the pains I could ,take. to teach .[ "R~ '~;ILES and INSECTS. fome; yet there are perfons who affirm, they ·' E , will; in the next place, fay {ome- had fome .who would utter a few words~ in .W' ,f' thing 'ofreptiles and infcCl:s, or what- I+ench, which I · will notl. contradiCt: . but everi has a relation t.d either. I t ,., As CHAP. I). Coafls Of Sou Tft-G U I N EA. 221 As for ferpents and fnakes, I have already This infect is alDout a fpan long when atBARBOT. faid enough of them in the fourteertth chap- full growth; flat, fpeckled like othcr worms: ~ ter of this book, to which I refer. having two fmall horns or claws, with whieh it ftrikes. It has fifteen or twenty feet on T a ADS (lltd FRO G S; each fide of the body, more or lefs. There ARE as numerous and common at the is :'0 'place on the coaft free from thefe ver- coaft, and m the ml,lO(t parts df the mm. country, as in Europe, and of the fame BEES, , !hape; but the toads are there, in fame ARE not very plenty at the Gold Goaf/, places, of fo prodigious a bulk and bignefs, in comparifon of what there arc about that they may eafily be taken, at a diftarlcej Rio de Gabon, Cape Lopez, and farther to for land-tortoifes. the fouthward of the gulph of Guinea: as I V-fltMds. At Adja or Egga, betwixt MOllree and fhall hereafter obferve. T hey harbour there Cormcntill, there is a vaft number of toads in the woods, and make their hOl1~y and of that immenfe fize, commonly as large as wax ih hollow trunks of ttecs. Both the table-plates, which are very hideous; honey and wax are very good, but not like At the beginning of the raiQy (eafon, at ours ' in F,·all ce : however, they 'afFord the cape CorJo there is aft extraordinaty num- Blacks very great profit by trade 'With the ber ofchem. Europeans. I have obferv'd before, that this ugly crea" CI OA R R,A S,. ture has a natural antipathy for fnakes, ARE a thick, broad-heaply'd to all things they reckon There are alfq .'dorados, corcobados, or Gilt-h ..., (acred, ,becaufe the Poul/gueje gave the name gilt-hea<;ls, and oth~~ large, fifh; ,as black . of forcery to all their fuperftitions. It was, and white carabins" ;¥'li~h are very ,plentiful indeed, a moft beautiful fin], tho' the Ikin is and cheap, and commonly ferve the meaner brown and fwarthy about its back, but fort of people, : who., ;reckon the,m good arowslighter and lighter the nearer it comes food; but the dorados, when in feafon, are ~o the flomach and belly. It had a ftrait very g~od~ ' 'if,.'" fnoue, with a fort of hOl'n at the end of it, There are thre~ I ~r four forts of. Dream Br,.,,,. very hard and fharp pointed, above three in great abundance, two "fortS whereof par- [pans long; and another fmall ftrai t horn ticularly are very , fat a~d delicat'e. The on the upper part of its mouth. The eyes Dutch there call it , Roejel1d, and J.acob E- large and bright, and on each ftde of the vertzCl1. f ~ ,~ body, beginning at the gills, four longifh The fea-toad, is a fin, of a .fmall lize, Stn-toaJ. cuts, or openings. As I remember, the eaten by -rhe common fort of Blacks, the Blacks would not fell it at any rate, ' but )ins of them very curious, as appears by the only allowed me the liberty of drawing its figure in the Cut . . The head of it is much PLATE IS. P~AT£ ,8. figure, as it appears in the cut; and were like' that of a frog, or toad, whence It has much amazed to fee it fa well reprefented. the name,. . ' , . The 224 A :Dufcription of thi BOOK III. BARBO'l':. The pifie-pampher, is a fort of fmall Blacks {trike them with harping irons. ;;:;:::::: flat fifh, which in' delicacy furpilfes all 0- Soles are extraordinary good, but longer So/ ... pher P ,thers on the coaft. " and narrower than ours in Europe, as ill the . In June, July; and Auguft; at Comendo figure. PL ;; 10, and Milia they_ catch a prodigious quantity Dabs are nothing inferior to them in D~h, PLATE 18. O'f a fil1all fifh, reprefented in the cut; ' which goodnefs. , is very good, and tafres much like ollr pil- " In OflQber and NO"Jember they catch near chards; but is fuJI 'of fmalI bones. ,It t'hc fuore, with long nets, abundance of a bites quick, an~ five, fix, Qr eight O'f them fort of pikes, which the French call Begl/ne, are taken at a time ;if there be fo many fhaped as in the plate. PUTE 6. hqoks to' one line. The hoqks, are always In December they take the fifh call'd Ca- CArAn- kept playing upon th~ furface.of th'e water, rangq;>ef, whereof there are two forts, the gOUtt. where the fifh generaJly ,wjms. ' , ,, :, ohe having large round eyes, and the other ;, Another fort ' of' fifh, is ~lIi:h: ; Ja:rger fmall ones, as in' the fame plate. They PLATE G. P LATE 18 than the laft, which fee in' tlie,Jcut. :, : nave large forked fins on their backs, and ' Coverer, " The coverer is fll\t; and TOlindc:c-'thal) the very thick forked tails; '< pifie-pampher. ,'- ,- " : ': :, " There are alfo two forts of fprats, great SprAt,; MRckarel, ' There are ma'ckareJ 'at fome' [eafons; but anp ,fmall, mightYflentiful, bQth very fat ' few' caught, 'nor' are they exa¢.l:lr,fhaped when in feafon; bu the larger ftringy, a,nd Ilke ours in Englalld; therefore'the:Fren&h therefore not valu'd The [mailer are very c\lll ,them 'I'rezahar; ' 100king 'aiFbeautifui agreeable filh, br~rd, or pickled, or dry'~ in the fea, as our' Ina'cki),fel, qf a ,',~ne' eme- like herrings; ' aU which ways the Europeans rald green, mixed with ' a fi,lver ,: white On preferve great quan.tities. the Rack. " , - <,. " 'Lobfters , crab~, prawns, ihrimps, and Shtll-jifo; Macho- The rnachoraris, fo called by Hie French" nitiffels are very commQn; the lobfters dif- rans, or and by the Dutch BaerdManeties; from five fering fomewhat in figure from ours: fee horn'fifb, pretty long excrefcencies, which hang at the the cape Verde lobfter in ,the plate. The PLATH", end of their chops, like ' a beard, and' on oifters are commonly ~xtraordinary large. each fide of th~ 1j10uth, juft under the eyes,.' The BOlli/o, an excellent fifh, is feldom Bo";,. PLATE '9 ,ohe much 'longer; as ' repr.efented in the fi- taken there, for it comes not near'the fuore ; • gcire: At rhe upper fin 011' its back; and but there are prodigious fuoats of them play- at the unde r one on the belly, is a long hard ing in 'the deep fea, and particularly about i11arp horn, the prick whereof catifes viol',nt the equinoCtial. See the figure of them na- pains and great fwellings, as if ~here were' turally drawn in the plate. PLATUS; rome venomous m\tljre in it, as many fai)ors There are three other forts of fifh, which 'have ~xperienc'd "to their coft, wh?n ~{:d­ come out of the fea, . and ftay in rivers. dentally hurt by it; and fqr that reafon, , The qarinou isa white fifh, the largeft ofCarl1"1'; many do not cat;e to ea t of the' Ji'f)1 In,t he the' kind about three quarters of a yard long, 'L ewa"d inands of A merica, whGr~there' is ancl ,5 thick as a man's arm. It would be grea~ plenty of them and 'very large; as' ~Jro' very 'delicious, if not too fat and oily. bei:~u{e they f~ed' there amon~ tn.'~ ' Mtirl~_iz-' , The mollet, whofe figure fee in the'plate. Mulltt. " '1illa trees, whlch 'produc~a fort 'of POltO- differs 'from ours in that it has not fo thick PUTE 10; J)ous apples, ' tho, rvery beautiful, ': aHd ' bf a a head, but is very ne<\r as good food. channing r~d , ' 'This 'nih feeding in Ame- ': The Batavia, when at full growth, is in- BOlO. .; ".' i'ita on that fruit, ' it'Can not btit 'I'l(dlinge- different good meat, if it does not tafte ' " ~9,US to eat; but being ca~gh' t out'at 'fea in muddy, as it is apt to do. Africa, and there being no fuch- tre~s.'on the In Decem ber there is great plenty of Corco- C,mVA- Cb~ft ; I :cannot th,ink it is any way hbrtful , vados; or moon-fifh, of colour whitifh, al- dOl. ' befides ~hat expenencdhows the conrtary, mofl: Ihe, and pretty thick about the back, ~hey being commonly e4ten and found good but near roung, for which reafon the Euro- wholefomc fifh. Thofe of the 'coall; - of pea'n fea-faring men call it the moon. See AlIier;ca, are generally 'larger, 'and' mi!c'd the ' figure. The proper bait for them is PLATE 10: yellc'Y, Iky-colour, a~d_ 8row!,!,: the Eng- bits of fugar-canes. The flefu is fomewhat ' lijh call It ' the horn-fifh, ' and . when ' nrft fulfOme. qugHt, itfyeins to groan," " " ' : T)1ere are many other forts of fifh, about .dbOl), Among the fmall fifu IS the Aboet, fome- the COii{t, which I think needlefs to men- what like aU!' trouts, bu't much firtner ~nd tion, as 'having already taken notice of the more delicate. Thoufands of them are principal forts: fo that a lover of finl may caught every day along the coa{t. ' , , therepleafe his appetite, and ma/ll ..' if i/ conceiv'd , that it could !1:~p a lliip under their wings, and then plunge again in the fail; fome part whereof mIght be pomble, ocean; and it is no fmall diverfion, in fame ifa floop or fmaller velTel had a thoufand or parts of the ocean, to fee millions of flying more fti cking to its fides and ftern, they be- fifhes purfued by the vaft fhoals of Bonitos ing com man I y, at full growth, about three in the water; and out of it, alfa ulted by foot long or better, for then they might many large fea-fowl : whereof I will give a confiderably retard the failing of fu ch a vef- panicula.r account in ano ther place, with a fel ; but it is ridiculous to fay they can have draught of the fame. C HAP. XVII. The feveral places and w~rs for gathering ofg old ; on mountains, in rivers, and on the fta-fhore. Of gold mines. Several forts of gold. Faijifying of it. How to difcover that cheat. Advice to dealers. Love and ejteem of gold. Gold weights. Long meafim. European fraud. I H ave already, in my defcription dthe I am now to fhow the feveral ways the Miftdm inland country beyond the Gold Coafl, Blacks ha·. e to get this gold, to refure the no/i,n. taken notice which country was riche!1: in opinion receiv'd among many perfans in gold; and that the beft and moft of that Europe, who have been perfuaded that the metal was brought down to the coaft from moft of it is dug out of mines; and perhaps Dinkira, ./lccanez, Akim, Awine, Igwira, believe it is here as with the Spaniards at Po- and Q.uakoe. t10, ' that it is only fetting naves to work thcfe i A 15efcrip!ilJfi'of t/lJ'tf,\.'J" \BOOKIIl , BAR'BCij' there ItJines, aiid~' th~t each ' df the' Eurqjedti ariother' veffel;:, till" quite c1ea:r of. f.1nd or ~ nations trading on,the Gold Coajf, has:a: pro- e'a'rth-." The g91\l' comes up fome: in fmall , portion of [udi, minb;' whence 'theYdi that grains\ [otne irhrtitle' lumps as big as peaCe. l1\.eral. ' ' 1)1. , " ' " , , or 'beans, Of' hl 'vei'y' fine duft. ' This is a " ,,' , '" '1,,1 ' " ~I ,J very redious'arid , toilfome wa-yoPgathering Where, alia how:G'o' L D!. is found, gold', for I haYl!' been affured, tnat'the molt Three w.ys T" H £. BlackJ'~a've three ways 'to get gold; dexterbusdiver"cannot get above the value Iln. pillets, and three' fevera'1 'forts of pla:i:es' where of two ducats' a ,dlly, one day with another, they find it, The' firft; where rhe 'beft gold ' : The third fort of places for finding ofxUrJ [ort, , is found, .is on or betwixt fome piu'ticular g6ld~ as at cap'e S, d'polonia, Mancu, Axim ' hiils; the [econd is in 'and about'fQme rivers 'arid Mina, are 'the rivets or fmaller ftreams'. arid water-falls'; and the third" on"the fea- which run there'into the fea; and in their fhore, Where there are little ' ri'Viilets, into cou& downwar~s ;:arry awayfmall particles, i~"nicn tile gold' is driven fron\. tlie mbun~ or bits of gold, but n'lofl'ly the dltfty part of tains, '.aswell is 'into ~he great rivers,," that metal, Into the '~cean; and that again Mines con- ' As fot the g61cil mines, the ' Bldc!d either being il1 perpetual' agitation by the SSW. ce4led. . ~hrough ignorance, or policy, efteel)1 them and S W. winds, the waves are continually ' ficred, and keep all perfCins iii: fe'ar of bpen- b'eating lIpon the ftrand', which : motion of 'ing, or working them; fo that' it in'ay' w'ell theirs drives tip .t1k fa:nd, and among it the be affirm'd, that from the firft times when 'gold thaC was before ta:rry'd' outby the ri- th~ Europeans began cd trade thither ,to this vers, the beach' being there very flat, , '4ay, 'Fib EuropJa12 ever fawariy' of thofe , After ~ violent night of rain, in the morn- Gold foun4 'gbtd nlir'leS: ' a~d I am of opinlqri, that ing hundreds of , bhiFk women arid boys re-.n the .. ;Mr~' tIi~' Blacks wIlling to open Illlyofthem, ' pai~ to thofe places; ftark naked, exceptflr4nl, ' , th~y ltdbW; t'l'ot How to go abo\it'it: , , " ~H1thpodefty rrgttit~s ,f1tciuld ' be covered; Firfl,Plitcii , ,'As to' tM firft foft 9'f platies,' 'a:bbye nleri- '~very : one carrying a larger or fmaHer tray. idj indgOlJ:t1on'd, the BUi1} h;[Yin'g orlce foilntl where 'which they fill full of ,earth and fand, and 'any ' gold is, tlig" at 'rando'm" withbut 'the then wafh it over arid Qver again in the fre/h I~ft knowledge of die veins; : a~d' fepatate wate,r till quite c1eans'd, after the fame man- tlie' meb.l from ' tneeartn wHicH c'qqies up ner as, I mention" ~ to , be done, in Igwira. '~iih it, There' i's 'ho 'doubt out lliuch inore aild' 'other inland patts. This employme!lt irlllft De thus loft; ' for wint of ~'Kill ' in fep'a- 'ge'netally holds them till noon, at which rating the metaL " , " " tim'e fome of them :can not get above the Secon"fort; ,':Iil'thefecond fori of places, ~he viblence value of Gx-pente; fome may perhaps find' ':~.nd rirpidity of tfie water-falls, walpes down bits worth fix oi-eight /hilTings, which is very gr6at quantiti~s of ear.th, c~rrying 'the 'gold I-a:re, and fometimes they lafe all their la- · alqng with it, ' from the 'hilly "and moun- b'dUl', ' . ' tainous country, Where it is generally thought In this mahrier, all tfie gold that is yearly Ho ... mud, the gold is pro~iJced, rather thail ,in' Ibw "exported from that 'coaft to Europe, is ga- '''POrtiJ. flaqj;ro:uiids, a,s, t¥e"natural philofophers and ther'd; which, ' if,l" ma'y tredit Tome very • t~~fo;n ' itlelf into[i11S ,us. To , evince 'this, tjIid.l:tftanding gentlemen, who have lived " th~ Black! 'iiftefi 'told me, they foiJrid iiluch long there, amo,u'nrs 'to 8000 'marks, be- lliorit of tnat i11et~1 'in ihe 'rainy feafon of the fides what is fen't 'abOl\~ ' to other 'i;ians of the ' year, , than ai:'. 'other times; ahd hence wodd, 'Of this g'uaritity, the Dutch gene- "fprings , their cuaom, 'of praying ' t(>"their pilly 'have one-'fourth part, when there iS' a : ' d~ities Ito fend lieavyarid , long Ihowe,rs of 'general peace among the Btackf1,;a'nd all the ' raih, that 'they rna y grow rich the foqnet.paffes are open ' in'a 'ftee. The Englijh have Diving for The inhabitants of Igwii;a ana il.bi:itJe Cobra ' aboLlt Ii fifth ot berth. The n!ft ' is 'divided gotJ, river, fetch their gold from under and a- among the French, the Danes, the Bl'anden- bout the rocks that are under water in' the.ir rvut[hers, the Portugueft, and the interlopcrs rivers, wl/cre there are greate{t water-f~lls of thofe nations. , .'and torrents. '· ~TMeY; 'plunge :alli;ldive' under ,' '' Thlts Wem~y : fay, the whole ,quantity ;.the moft rapid ftreahjs,-,with.a , brafs lbafon, " carry'd away from the GoldCoaft, 'amounts '\~'or wooeleh b0wl 'on their head; · into " whi~h , tQ ,' 12'000 marks one year wi~1} another; they gather all they can reaQh.w ~r tht: bot,' ' 1Yhjch ,being reckoned at 301, fterling per tom; anJil when full, returh to t11e bank of mark, amounts to ' 240000 I. fterling; or , ' the river, with the bafon on ~heir head a- little lefs, according as the price is higher or :;::ns'J, ~ gair\;, ,;:vhere: o~!ler ?\en, and wc,:f:l:eh ar~l rea_ 16:v~r ih the parts of Europe where it is dif- "dyto re<;me a,~d:wa~ I.e; ' h9,1_dI9g}helr~a- : pofe~ of. " " " · (ons or bowls ag~ln!l:.the ftr~am, .. nil ~ll tne ,, ' " Of.(] 0 L D M IN E s, " q'r<:>fsand earth is \vafh'd away:': tIle o-old, ,if ~v ROM what has been faid bf the three · Al'ereis any in dl~: bafon,by i ,~, p'w~'?~ ~ ight " !I.~ ', fe'veral ways th~ Blacks have ~o getgol~, ,linking down to 'the bottom. Wn<:n thus ' 'from the earth and flvers, how tedlOusand dlf- 'c\'eanfed and f-epar,lted, they Jtu;n ''it' into fiCl~tt it is to gather fuch quantities as I .ha~e 2 mentlon d CHAP. 17. Coafls Of,SOUTH-Gtrr'NEA. 229 mention'd are carried yearly from the Gold they confecrate and make deities of thofe BARno,.. COItjl, and the. prodigious quantity which al" hills and mountains; which afford molt of~ ways remams 111 the hands of the Blacks; it is the precious ~etal. and the BI~cks b~ing ~:;~J "- natural to believe,as I do, notwithll:anding the naturally precIfe and fcrupulous 10. 'rellglous general receiv'd opinion to the contrary, affairs, that alone is fufficient to deter them that up the inland it may be gathered out from making the leafl: attempt upon, or of mines, tho' perhaps they have not the fo mueh as removing one fi.one from fuch fklll of working them in perfeCtion. Did fanCtify'd places. Second 1y , as if that were that country belong co Europeans, they not fufficient to rell:rain the avarice of thofe would undoubtedly find it to produce much people, their priefts tell a thoufand extra- greater treafure than the Blacks draw from vagant itorie~ of thofe gold mines; as for it; but it is not likely they fhould ever example, they make believe fuch a horrid enjoy that liberty there, and mull: therefore noife is heard in the mines, that the moO: rwe!al:r fatisfied with what they can get by undaunted man cannot continue there ;\ mo-of trade. ment, without being frighted to death. Rl4fo."">Y will not be too pontive in this alferti~n! Thirdl y, that whofoever is fo bold as to the Black: as being only my own private conjeCture; enter the mines, is Cruelly bea ten by mali- ,;;::fr::i:". but on the other han.d~ all thofe who are cious fpifits; and others affirm , there is a of the contrary 0pIOIon have no better golden dog that walks about to guard them. grounds for it than their own notions. For Whether it be the policy, or the ignorance no European whatfoever has been fo far up of thofe prime men and priefis, which makes the country, as co fee whether the inland them gi·ve out fuch abfu rdities, is hard to Blacks do not open and work their mines; decide I the better fort, as well as the com- and we hear of very large pieces of gold, monalty, being fuperititious and void of all that are there in the hands ot particular knowledge. perfons; as for in (lance, the king of Igwira, After all , the Blacks own, tnat the ma- who the natives fay has at the door of his nagement of their country gold mines is houfe or palace, 'if we may 10 call it, a often fatal co thofe that work in them, for lump of that rich metal, as big as an ordi- want of !kill, they being often buried alive, nar y wine hogfhead, which is confecrated by the falling in of the earth, or elfe fufto- and fet apart, as that monarch's deity, to Cated by the damps and exhalations riling which he affigns many hidden prerogatives under ground. and virtues: yet I can never believe, that Another argument to believe, that there fuch;l lump of gold, as that is reported to are fuch gold min~s ' in the countries not be, could ever be dug, or worked out from very remote from the coall:, is, that in the a mine as it is, but rather; that, if there be year 1622, the king of Gltaffo caufed a hill, any truth in the lilid report, it mufl: have which is juit behind cape Aldra des '['orres, been made of melted gold: for as far as I near little Commendo, to be dug, and at firft could be there informed, by the moll: under· fouIld much gold; but the miners not un- ftanding perfons, gold is feldom dug out o~ derll:anding the bulinefs, the earth fell in, A Min •. the earth, or found in rivers in any !arger and fmothered a great number oflabourers /_lImg to , pieces or lumps than the bignefs of a man's whereupon the king ordered, that for the fill: . future, no perfon whatfoever fhould open In confirmation of my opinion, that gold any gold mine, and that law has been ever may be d\lg OUt of mines up the inland Lince obferved there. By this it appears, countries, I give here the account I had that whatfoever tales arc told to the con" from (orne rational and judicious Blacks, of trary, the Blacks have opened mines, and the inland parts, who unanimouGy agreed are deterred from it rather by the fear of in this particular; that they had gold mines their .failing in, than any religious, or fu- in their co untries, and thofe not very perfl:itious conceits: and perhaps farther up remote from the coall:; but would never the country, there may be lefs danger in tell where, nor how they did work them : digging . in fome places, or more art in fo politick and difcreet they are in that managing of. the work; for in thofe things point, lefl: foreigners lhould know them, we have no better authority than the im- and be tempted to invade their country, for perfeCt accounts of Blacks, mofl: of whom the fake of thofe fubterraneous treafures. have not been themfelves far up the inland, The kings and rulers of thofe gold coun- but only. traded for the gold tbey bring rries make ufe of this policy not only in down to , the fea, at the nearer markets. regard offoreigners, from whom they would , But li,'U!ira and Dll11kira, ,reogenerallyfome·fortsof [oyscom• .J .', .. , Co I ' manly ufed ·[here by the women for orna- F t-LSIFYIN6 ;pj. GOLD. ! " . ,'; ment,as·alfo by young men,and worn in their Bl~cks tit· H Aviilg fpoke of the' tWo fottS Of 'na~tiral hair;' 'or by way of neck laces and bracelets. CIIt{HI. gold, I am next [0 · treat of (he fev'eral Thefe ·pieces of gold are by [he Blacks forts of bafe and counter'feit gold, fo com- cut into fmall bits worth one, tWO, or Go/Jo[/it. manly met with in ·trading on that cball:; three farthings, ufed as coined money in the II. 'U.IN,. the Blacks in general being crafty, knavilh markets, to buy provifions, as bread, fruit, and deceitful, and letting flip ho ' '6ppor- 'filb; flelh, &e. The Black women are fo tunity of cheating an European, ·or 'one well'acquainted wi~h the value of chofe 'bits, . which CHAP. 17. 2...3 I. which they. call Xakertlrts, or Krakraas a, they continue as when firll: received,. ~ho' BARDOT. woud lignifying a very li ctle vahle, that cl;ey eve~ fo lohg I~ept, witho\1t any alteration, ~ a'e never mirtaken, and. tell, them to one and t11erefor~ the chea,t , i~ , the I~lore mif- anothe~ without weighing, as we do falcth- chi~vous. " illgS or half-pence in EllK ia lid, And. rl,is fort of ,noncy i ~ more generally found a t Come HIJ7~ /0 difcover falji: Go 'L D. mendo, lVIilla, cape Cor(o, ancl theadj,tceI?G l--I A'VI ,N: G./hown th'i. dife.fe, it w,ill 'be pal·ts, thao elfewhere. T hofe Krakraas are pr,op,r to prefc(ibe tre proper remedy; indeed w l~ to rerufe, the go,oq gold, on, ~f­ they make of a certain powder ,of coral, count ,0La , ftxth, ,an, e\gh,rh, or ia ~ewh which they cafl: and tinge fo artificially, that part .th,a t is falre, ' l'fp,e<;ia)Jy whgp i!W twi\e it is impoffible to diftmguiili it any way.but . js ,dull, eiGher for ' waflt ,of :lh, Another method to prevenr being cheated after another, which takes up a long time: in gold, efpecially on /hipboard, tho' not jll- and if [hey admit of a croud of BlackJ a- together , to be depended on, but only in bout them, they cannot fo well examine all general, is nicely [0 obferve the behaviour their differe~t parcels, fo as to be fure they of the Blacks, which I have done myfdf; take ' none but what is good. Belides that for generaIJy a cheat, who knows ' his gold the Black!, when in a croud, are always is 'falfe and counterfeit, is very impatient, prating together. uneafy and in hall:e to be gone, under fom e Take heed of fuch as come with ru/h Tbievifo colour or other, befides he commonly bids baficets, as I have feen five or fix: of them Blacks. a higher price than ufual for goods, and together, with everyone filch a balker, takes them in a hurry without much exa- which are generall y deligned to conceal mination ; , and if not found out, will pad- what they can fteal. So thofe who talk dle away to /hore with the goods. as falt much, and make a noife, are to be fuf- as' his canoe can carry him. Nay; I have petted, and it may be obferv'd they will ob'ferv'd fome of them to ftand trembling never agree to any price \If g'1ods ; for the and quaking, whilft their gold was upon Black! being generally indin'd [0 fteal from tryal; 'and fuch their behaviour is a fulli- one another, make much lefs fcruple of dent indication to fufpeC1: fome fraud, robbing the Europeans, alledging for rheir efpecially when there is , a croudof iCZ and Felt(, is feldom better than at Where the It was accordingly obferved by the of- the places Ian: mentioned. Ji"tJI gold ficers of the mmt at Paris, that the IjJeny, That of 'l'alttonquCIIY and Berqu, farther is hatl. cape St. Apolonia and Axim gold, was from eall:, is Il:ill worfe. twenty two . to twenty three carats fin~ s From Acra to Lay, frill eall:ward, it is which gold IS commonly brought thither alfo pretty much adulterated, and requires from the countries of Awille and Egwira. a nice proof: for the princlpal employ- That from cape 'l'res Pontas to Sacunde, a- ment of the Blacks of Labbadee, N ingo and bout twenty two carats fine, being com- other places on as far as Lay, bei ng to monly carried to thofe pl~ces, Egwtra, fell their cattel to the wefrern Blacks along Adom, and other neighbounng counr ttes. the coaft, as far asComlllendo, thev either car- The gold of Acra, which ufually comes rying it ' thither, or the others'reforting to from 'l'a/oe, ~akoe and fome other adjacent them for it ; thefe Blacks are often ·paid parts, was between twenty two carats, and for their faid cattel in bad gold, and eafily twenty two and a half. The Acra gold is impofed upon by the ,others, as not fo commonly mixed with fome fine fand, ahd well acquainted with that rich metal: very fmall gravel, which mull: be blown whence it follows, that they receive, and awal in a bafon, as I have f1lOwn above; confequently tender to Europealls, by way or i they be ftones, they are to be pulled of trade, much the fame forts of bad gold out with fmall nippers fit for that pur- that are found at C011l1Jle/1do, Milia and o- pofe. .., ther places adjacent. -.! Whmmofl There is a great alteratIOn m the quality f-/ftfol. of gold from about Sacunde to the eall:- 000 LOVE YOLo V. 234 A Defcription of the BOOK III. BARBOi'. . • . The ounce troy weight is divided' inroS"6d/,,IJ "'V'J Lo v I! ai/d E So'l' E EM of GOLD. fix teen Angels, or Akyes, four of which makefions. ~;~,kst;~I': Should not pr?ceed to fpeak of the pro- a, ~efo; . and an Angel or Akye is again ,,,,'l, nQt. per gold weIghts, but muft ·firft ob- , dIVIded Into twelve 'I'accoes. A Dmnba is ferve as to the gold itfe1f, that the Blacks two 'I'accoeJ, the Damba being a little red in former times, as appears by the accounts. b'erry, with black fpots. The'I'accOeJ are of the moft rational perfons among them. little peafe, black on the one fide, and had nothing nearfo great a value for It as red on the other. they have now. The greedinefs the Por- About Mina, the Damba is reckoned a Na!'ltt'of tuguefe fllOwed for it, whiHl: they were the two penny-weight, and twenty four of them "'"ghts. fole traders on that coalt, for above an make an Angel, or Akye. The 'I'accoe is four hundred years together, as I hillVe before penny weight there, being white beans with obferved; and the fame eagemefs for it black fpots, or all black. There are fome in the other EU"opeans, who have fince of them that rife to ten penny weight, expelled them, by degrees brought the and others to twenty; but thofe large natives to have more ell:eem for it: and beans' are not looked upon as fure weights, this ihcreafmg from one generation to an- and only ufed at pleafure, or for fraud. other fllcceffively, they have now fo great Again, in the language of the Blacks, an opinion of its worth, that thelr an AJJuwa is fi've Ackyes; a Sirow three whol~ ftudy in all places on the coall:, is Ackyes; an Emfayo two Ackyes: a fil..uenlay either to fec k for it in the bowels of the an Ackye and an half, or eighteen 'I'accoes ; earth, or in rivers, or to purchafe it by an' Aquiraguer is one Ackye; a Medra- trading, with all the indllll:ry and applica- tabba is fix 'I'accoes. \ tion imaginable; and many of them are Weighing gold by the fmall weights of short thus by their labour and craftinefs grown the Blacks above mentioned in feveral par- "'eights; rich, which has fo raifed their minds and eels, to make up four Bendas, or a mark thoughts, as is too common to the gene- troy weight, there will fa ll !hort a,lmoft an rality of mankind, 'that it , may pe" weJ.l ounce ' of the due weight of a mark. faid of them, th~y are grown prdud and 'The inhabitants of Acra, commonly haughty to e~~efs, in comparilon of their make ufe of two fqrtS of weights for gold, Tw. fort. former Iimphnty and meeknefs. the one larger than the other, and yet each ofweigh~ .. Good an-J Talking to this purpofe with fome Blacks, of them proportionably divided, fo that flO" of and reproaching them for their pride and each contains fixteen Angels or Ackyes; and I3Jacks. deIire of growing rich in gold, and for . in trading they make their bargain to piy undervaluing our goods as the'y did, as in gold by the greater or leITer weight, and. fcarce bidding the firft coft, without con- value the goods accordingly . •f idering the .lolazards and expences we were There the greater Benda is two ounceSProp07~ _ at in bringing them from fuch remote and eight Ackyes of the fmall weight, and ,ion, • . pans of the world; they very pertinently that Benda they call'I'a, which is worth in anfwerecl, Th<1!t confidering the great gold about a hundred and twenty French €agernefs the EuropeanJ had always !hown Iivres. The half Benda is called O./Jitar- in fetching gold from thofe parts of the hian, which is twenty Ackyes, of the fmall world, they were apt to believe it was weight. ' Ten Angeh or Ackyes, are called I their principal deity, and that our country O/fuanon; five Ackyes, OjJerou; four Ac- muft be very poor, fince we left it, ex- kyes, Ex)'ckbas; three Ackyes, Sanna; two I I:0fing ourfelves to fo many perils and fa- Ackyes, Jarnika; and one Ackye, Metabbe, } tIgues to fetch it from among them, at fo or Medratabba. I great a difl:ance. All th~ weights the Blacks ufe on the Weights coaft, among themfelves in trade, are ei- holP m/tJ/; Go L D .W E I G H T S. ther made of copper, or tin; which they THE proper ' weights ufed there for caft in fand moulds, and file, which they gold, in trading with the Blacks, or divide in a manner quite different from among Europeam, are either pounds, ours; but being reduced, they are brought marks, ounces, or angels, fixteen of thefe to agree exactly with them. It is only up to an ounce; but the Blacks do not the inland country, that they ufe great weigh their gold by pounds, or marks, weights of a yellow fort of wood. but commonly by the Benda, which is two ounces,' and thus they weigh one, two, or LONG MEASURE. more Bendas fucceffively, four Bendas being THE meafure the Blach have for ! a mark; each. of them, as haS' been faid, cloth, linen, or any wove ftuffs is cal- SeverAl , two ounces troy weight; Affa is an ounce, led Jetlam, being about nine foot long. firtl. ' and Eggeba half an ounce: (0 thofe weights In fome parts of Guinea the Jetlam is rec- { are called by almoft all the Blacks of the koned twelve foot, or two fathom, which 1 Gold Coaft. they cut in the middle, and fo they fell their CHAP. 18. Coafls Of SOUI):"!l-GtrtNEA. their linen to one another, Thofe two fa. gold in trade, never confider, that' on the BARDO')". thoms the Du/ch, upon examination make othH hand they are themfelvcs guilty of a ~ their Stork and three quarters, In ~oollen notorious cheat and fraud', in ufing twO forts they meafure none but pieces about a hand- of weights there, . the heavier to receive . ful broad, which they Cllt out fo, and trfe gold by, and the lighter to pay it away them for girdles, to tie about the'11; and again; which is frequently praCtifed by too fell among themfelves, and have no other many, and is a great din10nour to chri- meafure of that kind, calling it Paw, which ftianity, being contrary to the goltlen rule, is three -quarters of a yard Englijh, '1'0 do as we would be done by. Snch bafe The naves arc generally fet at fuch a dealing rather fervos to confirm thofe pagans price, as are all European goods; then they in their ill principles, inO:e~d of endeavour- compute fo much gold for a aave, or fo ing to convert them. But felf-intereO: and much gold for goods, :md fo ballance ac- covetoufnefs, which is called the root of counts. But of this I a1all fpeak in another all evil, are vices too common to all the place, as alfo of their way of reckoning, corrupt race ofm ankind, either chrill:ians or or counting; for there is not one that can pagans . But chriO:ians ought to remember write or read, not 'even their very prid1:s. the wol'cls of St, Paltl, to the Romall chri- ll:ians irl his days, on the like occaCiorl: EUROPEAN FRAUD, I chap. ii. v. 24. 'Ihnt [or their evil practices Chtating Shall conclude this long difcourfe of gold, the name o[ God is blaJPhemed among Ibe fPtights. with an obfervation I often made there; Cell/iles, Arld that doublC1veigbts alld double which is, that many EuropeallS, who fo loudly meaJhres are all abo/ninalion to Cod, Levit, exclaim aga inrl: the perfidioufnefs, and de· xix, 36, and Prov, xi. I. ceitful nature of the Blacks, in offering falfe C HAP. XVIII, Statttre, feature's, &c. of the Black men; their natflre and qualities, their habit. Black women, therrfeatttres, &c, their habit. Marriages, births, education, 7lameS, ctrcllmcijion; pttniJbment of adllltery lip the inland cOllntry, STATURE, FEATURES,&c.ofBLACK MEN. Breaking of wind either upwards or down- T HE Blacks, in this part of Guinea, wards, is very loathrome to them. In Olort, are gerlerally welllimb'd and propor- they are for the moO: part well-fet, hand- tioned, being neither of the highell: nor of the fome men in outward appearance; but in- 10weO: fize and ll:ature; they have good wardly very vicious, oval faces, fpark ling eyes, fmall ears, and their eyebrows lofty and thick, Their .'Iheir NAT UR E and Q.11 A LIT I ES, mouths not too large; curious clean, white A S for their natural parts, they are f~r Witly and and well-ranged teeth, freOl red lips, not fo the moll: part, men of fenfe and Wltingeni,!'" thick and hanging down as thofe of Angola, enough; of a Olarp ready apprehenfion, and nor their nofes fo broad. For the moll: part an excellent memory, beyond. what is eafy they ha ve long curled hair, fometimes reach- to imagine; for, though they can neitl';er ina down to their Oloulders, and not fo very read nor write, they are always regular in co~rfe as theirs at Angola; and very little the greateft hurry of buCinefs, and trade, beards before they are thirty years of age, and feldom in confuCion. On the other The elder! y men wear their beards pretty hand, they are extremely nothful arid idle, long, They are commonly broad-fhoulder'd, to fuch a degree, that nothing but the ut- and have large arms, thick hands, long molt neceffity can prevail with them to fingers, as are their nails, and hooked, fmall take pains; very little concerned in mif- bellies, lona legs, broad large feet, WIth fortunes, fo that it is hard to perceive any long toes; arong waifts, and very little hair change in them either in profperity or ad- about their bodies, Their fkin, tho' but verfity, which among Europeans is reckoned indifferent black, is always aeekand fmooth, magnanimity, but among them [orne wi ll G. .J dl· Their ftomach is naturally hot, capabl;: of I)ave it to pafs for ftupidity, geflion. dige!1:ing the hardeO: meat, and even the To inO:ance in this particular, When ohey rnfenftblecf raw entrails of fowls, which many of them have obtained a viCtory over their erieLl'lics, ndverfirj. will eat very greedily, They take parti- they return home dancing and fkippin'g, and cu lar care to waOl their whole bodies morn- if they ha:'e b,een beaten, and1totall y routed" ing and evening; and anoint them all over they O:ill dance, feaO: and make merry. with palm-oil, which they reckon wholefome, The moll: they do in the g reatef1: adverli ty, and that it preferves them from vermm, is to Olave their heads, and make fome al- which they are naturally apt to breed. teration in· their garments; but f1:ill they are ready A Defeription of the BARBOT. ready to feafr about graves, and Ihould they They make no great account of breaking '-"'V'" fee their country in a flame, it would not their contraCts with the Europeans, upon any difturb their dancing, finging, and drinking; frivolous humours, or if they find them not fo t1~at it may well be faid, according to to their advantage; but feem to be {ome- fome authors, that they are infenfible to what more obfervant among themfelves. , grief and want; fing till they die, and In w~r rhey are very cruel towards rheir a \ . dance into their graves . en~mles, whofe blo?d they will fuck and 'Melt]. .---- Tho' I have faid, they are fo very cove- drmk ; and very fubJeet to commit murders l tous and greedily inclined to heap up gold as fhall be obferved hereafter. To finifu and other wealth; yet after all they . fet their character, they have outdone the former their hearts fo littk upon it that the greateft Gentiles, whom St. Palll defcribes, Rom. I. lofs they can meet with is not to be per- 29, 30, 3', and 32; for thefe modern Pa- ceived by their behaviour, as never depriv- gans have not only, like thofe of ancient ing them of one hour's reft; but they fleep rimes, . charige~ the glory of th.e uncorrupted wholl y undifturbed by any melancholy God, 1I1to an Image made lIke birds and .thoughts. ~our-footed beafts, .and creeping things, I have faid e1fewhere, that the Blacks are IbId. v. 23. but even IIUO' that of inanimate all generally fubtle, deceitful, andaddieted beings,. as !hall be !hown in ~nother place. to thieving; to which I muft add covetouf- T.h~lr youth are extraordmary vain, and Vanity. nefs, flattery, drunkennefs, gluttony, envy' ambitious of pailing for perfons of great and felfilhnefs. They conceive a hatred birth, though fome of them perhaps but againft one another upon very flight" occa- flaves; and are nice in adorning their bodies fions; will quarrel for a trifle; and are co the utmolt, after their manner. lulHul to (uch an excefs as is fcarce credible, and confequently much troubled with ve- derl).te, lt~tUI:e,:, I<\ces, 1 ' pr~,ttY,i plump, ,. havirg fmall roqnd . hea.ds,.. J.The up.per part qf their body they cover Jf.iJ,. fparkllng eyes" :for ,the molt, part, ; hl~h with a veil, of filk, or, other line ftuff, or np(es".foll)ewhar hooked,: long curling .halr, , qllicQe; f~r which ufe the green and blue lirtle in9uths, very fin,e w,l\-fet, whit~ tee~h, , cc;>lours are moll: in reque!t. Their arms 1'41\ n~cks,' and handfome bre~!l:s; 'I:heyarc are adorned with gold, filver, and ivory very ' {harp and witty; very talk,~tive, <\nd rings, or bracelets; as al(o with ribbands, Vice;. by ,Europeans repreCented as extraorqjnary when they go ,a vifiting, or feail:ing; and ' lafciviplIs, very cpvetous, addic;ted tofteal, . thus they go about the town or roads, and proud to a high degree ; which~ is in" with niuch !l:ate and gravit,¥- Thefe forts ferr~d from their coftly drefs, I a~ if women of ornaments feem to me to have much af- in any p,lrt of ,tj1e world, Flid not clpthe linity with thofe of the Ifrae/ili/I; women, themfelves according Ito their ability. 1 mentioned \:>y the prophet Ezekiel, chap. xvi, H,uJ'lVifry. It is certain they are very , great h9ufe. v. 10, to 14. and to the fame may be re- wives at home, where they take all i the ferr'd what is faid in 'Judges viii. 26. of the pains of dreffillg the corn anc\ meat, I and ear-rings ,of gold, the ornaments, collars, breeding up their young daughters FO It &,. that were plundered by Gideon!s army, bnimes; very fond and tender of their of the kings of Midian, &c. which were all children, frugal in their diet, tight I and of gold: for the Midianites were mo!l:ly cleanly, and nice in wafhing th~mfelvq all Arab,-, and follow'd their falhions; rqws' ilOd : f\lch :manner i as might , prove fufficiendy cheeks, ,withfome ,w\1ite ,an,d red paint,mixt, i t~mpting to many leud Etlropeam; who notF'nJ1Eu~ often making fmall in~ifiops em, ea,ch' fide , regarding complexions, fay, all cals are gr~yrope.ns. of their faces, al)d (Q1Tlctirnqsimpl'intingin Ihedllrk. And indeed there were feveral FigttrtJ in figurq of flowers, ' on their faces"l1lOu,lcjers, i genteel perfons of thatfex, not only curious, the ,kin. arrll~, ,breafi:s, belli,s alld thighs" with fuch J and rich ,in their drefs, but extraordinary ' ':Irt, that, at a diftance it looks a~ if their . good-humour'd,merry and diverting; which bodies were carved; for thofe figll~,es ,ife , did much attraCt: the eyes, not to mentiort a,bove the reft , of the ficin, like a half-re- many.lafcivious looks and ge!l:ures, at which lief, 'which I have obferv:ed ,in the .,~WO- , they are very dexterous, and fpare no pains ll),en., of Sejlro, and fome men , ,ado,rn I~he ir , or art to' allure an European gentleman" face~ ,a.hd arms in the fan)e man[)ef, it being thinking it an' honour to be in their com- I ,.~!l ,ctcjm~ , with hot';iron$" ,,:. , I , "I , pany" either in publick or private. ' String' 'I ~bol1t their n~d<~ they wear. gold ChiliIlS, . Some of thofe women wrap the aforef.'lid g,ld, &c . i1;rjl)gs.Qf coral of feveral.forts, befidc,s",ten long pieces of !tuffs about their bodies, or twelve other ll:riFlgs of gold, o~ : ~qral" clofe under their breafts, and fo let them w,\licn"adorn . their' arl1ls, .lwai!l:, ,:jnd , l,gs, hang, down half way their legs, and lower; fo thiqk, efpecially ab.o,ut) t~~if" V\'aif):, : , th~t a,bout t1]e back part of their wai!t, place a had\ they nq orher. c\Qthe& o,r',l giri:!l~s l' ~O\lt , thick Iwreath of cloth, fayes or perpetuana; ' it,'jh~y, wo\1)d [ufli,ee to, ~over. l\'hanu0qefty ) infte~d of ,a , girdle, to the 'one fi~e ~here~f . ought. to conceal. :! , pc:! .!" :: I , ; hangs ,a, purfe full of Krakra, winch lsthelt prnAIII ••t J; Clothing. Th~ ~~ower part of the ' b1')dy ;is, .clQth~d gold money, and to the other fide, a long Vilth i a I lint) long ploth, ,yery' often ,tvyo " QIi £l;ring with many keys; ,which is done even threetjl11e~' ,aslo~g and li>r.oad as that C>f the. by th.e idaughters 'of kings; thofe ' being a' men. ' Tbis , long ,clothiithey I~P ahoi)t parc ,of!their ornaments; ,tho', they h~ve not;, their:, w.,ill:; i', binding itl @I1 ,with a fiiI'f of a.bove : ,one Jor two trunks at , ho~e ,to lay. red cloth, or other !tuff;. 'about ,half an i,ell up, their: wearing appa,rel.:' Some alfo add, broad, and two ells long, to make it fit to the purfe.or keys ' feveral ftrings of the clofe to the body .; both ends of that gird- facred 'tree. As JI/l' .•m m As fQQn as ever thof. Black ladies return :." ; .:1 r BARBOT . • "k. hQ,:,",e, they take off all t~eir rich aF'p~rel, . M 'A R R I A c' E' S, .. '\'. V"V"J wfl: lllc.h tfhe' y lay up In theIr trunks ' and in- . AR' E t he re cQfle I ut l (( d W.I t hQ ut. t hLe ' pr.,e -N~ court- ead 0. It .wrap ~bQut them " cnuntry . viQos' fQrmalities nf cQurtlhip; 'c;1ifplltesfi1lP or 1"- clnth, reachIng Qnly' frQm the waill: to. the abQUt fettlements, ·.nr nicety abQut the .di{_tl,m •• t. knees, that they may be the lefs encum- parity Qf perfQns; the highcll: qua,lity ·Inar.- bered to. attend their wQrk, or hQurewifry, rying their nwn naves, nr nther ' interinrs, as the meanell: naves might do.: fnr there according.as they fatlcy, in which there is the WQmen nf the greatefl: quality mull: fet n'o nppnfitinn, nr 'di{grace. The me~hQds their hands to. the wQrk Qf the hnufe ' even are ~everal, whetenf, I Ihall . mentiQn twp to. the meane.1l: drudgery, withQut a~y : re- nr tnree; '.' : gard to. qualIty; the Qnly exceptiQn being, ) Firll;; ,When" Black f~ttles his inclina~F)rJl ,." that thnre who. are neh, exempt' two. nf their tinn nn.a yQung wnman, to. marry her; ' het{ co?- , ,vives, the chief wife and the fecnnd called applies ' himfelf to. her f.~thcr, mnther, nrtraam:. Bo.l!u1II, who. is cnn{ecrated to. 'their 'deities, nearell; r'elatiQns; and.is very feldnm refllfed and thn{e two. are free frnm wnrk, and as it by them; if the maiden is willing to cnm- were hQufekeep~rs, cQmmanding nver' all ply. 'I:hen he takes her hnme with him, the rell:, nf which mQte hereafter. Thus if marriageable, ' nr leaves her fnr a time it appears, thnfe females are not fn ' lazy with her parents, 'if to.o yQung; tho.' this and haughty as fnme WQuld reprefent !ail: is ' nQt always dnne: The bridegrQnm, theni. accnrding to. his ability, defrays the expence Mt4ntr Th~ meaner {Qrt nf WQmen, wear a veil nfthe wedding.day ; being a fmall prefent fort. nr mantle, made Qf lour nr five ells nf Ley- nf gQld to. the father and mother, nr nearelt dm {erge, to. keep them frnm the cold and relatinns 0.1' the bride, and wine, brandy, rain; adnrning their arms and leO's, with and a nleep to. treat them, as alfn new tin, cQPper, and ivnry rinO's, and 0 (Qm~ nf clntb~s fcir the bride; nf all which he keeps irnn, nf which fQrt they ~I fn wear many an .exact accnUnt, that he may demand it nn their fingers; and\ when they go. to again) anC! it mllft be made gOQd to. him , in market, they walk 'very gravely, holding cafe nle ever takes fuch a dinike as to. leave up their arm with a pewter barQn,' nr him, nr' he can nlnW fufficient reafQn fQr"1eav- wQnden platter, nn the palm nf their" hand. ing nf her. ' .. ' In Ihnn, there are many nther drelfes ufed .:There·'is no. very ' ~~elt '. feall:ing nn. the N. pmi. .: amnng the wnmen, which wnuld be tQn wedding-day, but th~' bride is drelfcd very tedinus to. r,cite in particular. fihe, and fet nff with gbld ,and other nma- AnJ The ynungeft penple nf bnth fexes, a- ments; :' either bnught ' by the bridegronm, B')'t girllna- bnut the coall:, are {tldom c1Qathed till nr b'Qtrowed, as is fr.equc'ntly done upnn {uc11 k.i. eight ' qr te'n 'years nf age , but 'gQ I):ark nccafiQns ': fnr 'the ~ride brings no. Qther fQr- naked, playing, bathing, and fwimming tQ- tune but her per{Qn, Ilb~ does the man re- gether, withQlIt any dill:inctinn', in 'the fea quire ·much. 'At ilight' file is cnnducted to. and rivers, as Ihall be again taken nQtice. nf the bridegrQom's hQure, attended by a ynung hereafter., . !i, wbman.' Qf her familiar acquaintance, w,hn The wnmen Qn the cnaft are more hifci~ fl:ays there a whnle ''leek, to. bear lier com- vinus tha:~ thnre nf the inland countries; pany; alld by degrees to 'make her new con- which is attributed to their frc'Juent cnm- ditinn aO'reeable. I merce with Euroj>ealt!, who. c()lhm.dnly i' The [;,cOlid methnd is, when a man de- s,,,." .." , . keep , many nfthem; and their exa~ple ' has figns tn'marry his fQn; he pitchesuPQn luch~fCD.trAl1. fuch an influence nver the yQung glrlS, that a,ynllng ·wnman. as he thinks mnll: accepta- mg. they are fnQn brnught to. cnmply; <,fpecia l- bletq liim; and hav.ing nbtained ' the cnn- ly (uch as .are pur to. danci~g-fchnQls i : w her~ ~e~t ·.(j\ IiT:;parerts"th~y, if dch, pay her they . are !."aught many indecent ,roll:ures. portlon;' . cQmmQnly amOlmtmg . t6 abnUt Thus' we fee the Europeans are the nccafion thirt;)' PQunds '!1:erllng', ifj gnld, ' with nn,e nf that ,lelldnefs they" feem to' ·.find fault nav~, ::('1>" ;'1te~i:I "Qn ner; \vhcn married ; with, and it . is no. i1iI, l efs I11e , ')!1Q~,a ' giy,~ hirTr;;j 4'~ many wIves .. ~ro~b' ~?S ',to .?,c,, d~ ~?tc~~'el l JIi~ r~~is ,~1p~}j . 1. .• ,; ... :- " '. J ,',:: asanve. · The ~4Q A/Dcftriptfon,of the !. BARBO'I'. The third method; in my time, atAcr~ a ' The IPaniages of die Ifraelites were not M.rri.,,, ~ Black of about forty , years of-age, mar,rled 'attended wi~h any religious ceremonies that ifce!~·e;, rhe third, a gid of eight, ,at" moll:., On the; weddlng- I know of, ell;cept the. prayers of the father day, all the kindred, onbqth ftdes,)i met at oUAe .family and the 'company prefent, to the bride's father's :houfe, and had, a, great implore, a bleffing , pn the woman, , Such feal\:,", with IUllch rejoicing" abul1dance of were"the marriages of Rebecca with !faac, their milftck, and no lefs dan~ing., ! When of Ruth with Boaz, of Sara with crobias. that W.1S over, the young bride wasa,gain a- I do not find that any offerings or, facri- dorped with more gold ,toys,and ftr~~gs of fices , were made, that any v,'ent to the tem- coral, about her head, neCK, af1n~;' and pIe, or ,t hat the priefts were called to them. legs; , and then the bridegroom mittie the ,All ,the bulinefs was tranfaCted between dedamtion as: above, in the p'refence( of the parents and frie)1ds; [0 that it looked .. tl:ei~ ' prieft, After whic'h, the , I?riqe ~as but; ,ljke , a civil conFact, attended with fe- '. carHed ,to his houfe, and , bedded between veral days of feafting. , two wome~, in th~ bed where he lay '; and Kings and prime men there marry their this' tq prev,el!t ,his,' 91l.'erlng to me~dJe with daughters, without the leaft regard to high her ,: by r6fon of ,her tende,r , years:, This birth or quality, all per[ons being at liberty \v<\~ , rep~at;eQ three pighF~ [uc~effiv~\y" after to do therein as they , think fit; and thafe vihich:.the 'nian len~ ' her oack to her father's women having abfolute liberty , in their thop \lfe; ,' to be I~ept tI;~r~ dll!he wjls '-of ~ge choice, will not fcruple or be a!hamed [0 con[ummate the 'm~r.riige. ",', ' marry' a {lave, as frequently h~ppens;, as it '1 was informed', ,''iIlM when that time poes, qn the other h~nd, to fee a king's fon pime, : all the 'young women of the place~ marry a woman {lave : the only diff~r~nce in their richeil apparel;' would accompany being, that , the children a king's daughter the ,bride' to her husband's houfe,!he being has in wedlock by a nave are free, whereas as c'oltly ~re{Ied as' ppffible; and ,then each thofe 'a king's fon has by a,female nave, are of ~hofr attendants" tho' they were fifty i,n reputed Ilaves, becaufe the childr~n muft n,umbe~, was [0 ~e ' prefented by ~I;e bride~ follow the mother. 'groqm: withthe ,val,u~ ,of halfancAckye in Married 'people in thefe parts I)ave nOG"J, ••t gold, which, as has,been [aid above, i s the community of goods, but each their ownincommon. fi~t(:enth part of ~n" o'unce. The~ ' they property; the man and his wives agre~ the wqe, all to d\lnCe"IllP!t p~rt p( t~e, night a- matter together, both bearing the ~chargp.s bout the hou[e of t;he,, !leo/-mamed couple. of houfekeeping; but the clothing of the rh'follrth, ,The fourth: At Mqnjroll they commonly whole family is at the man's expence, , ' in'~r,ry pe,ople th,u ~,;'IWhf,I1 } Black , t,hin~s ~1l Every man , there ' marries as many wives Poryg.my; , fon: marriageable" 'he ,plclq out the "Y(lUng as he can keep, ftldom exceeding the num~ maid he thinh pro~re!j: ill the village, and ber of twenty, and when any one Jakes fo fends liis (on to ,courth,~r.': If , tpe,; damfel many; , it is, roappear very great; the more admits of his addreifes; fOl:, there tile women wivesandFhildren amanhasamongtheB1llcks, are' left at their own difpo[al in' this ,point; the greater is his reputation, and the refpeEt the Manceroe, or you'ng"man, acqutjnts his paid him: bm the moll: common, is to have fa't;her, W\10 applies.' hil)lfd f to )1~r, p,a;ents, from three to ten wives, befides concubines, in :6ehalf Of his fo~, >;If they;,app~:9ye?f tile whoi-p they often pr~fer before their, wives; match, the wedding-day [5 appoll,1ted; .'and bpt their children are, "ounted illegitimate, then ,the bride, jn tbe pFefetlce of tlie,prielt, i\n(l not re'c~oned among the relations, isfn'ade ~o [wear Ol~ the toys given, i:t)em by Moft of thofe women fo married, to one Womm , th~ L~id priell:, as their nuptial go'ds; that man; muW till the ground, fow Indian I.bour, Ip~ will', be lovi~g a~?, faithful ,to ,her hu[- wheat, tho' there are but twenty pals an y other title than tliat of co lonel leagues dlft:lIlce from the fonner to the and captian, before the Europealls came a- latter. mong them. Snu .,ltry The Axi", idiom has a very dir.'greeable The fecond rank, 111uft be given to their Magi- r.ut. brutln) found; that of An/a is fweeter and chief governours or magiftrates , in civil af-jlmt", more p1cafing, tho' not very beautiful nei- fairs; whofe province it is only to adminiftcr ther, Bm that of ACl'tl is the worft of all, jufticc, and fee order kept under their and th~ moft O,ocking, and nothing I ike kings, in th e refpeCl:ive towns or villages. any of the reft, Thefe are called Caboceiroes, or chief men, The language of the ' inland Blacks of The third degree, is of thofe, who ei- Rich m", Dinkirtl, Akim, Adom, and Accan\' , is much ther by inheritance or their own incluftryor "Db"" pleafanter, and more agreeable; as any in traffick, are poffeffed of much money, perfon of but ind itrcrenc judgment may and many Oaves: fuch are improperly the no- foon difcern; and nor on ly better found- bles of their country; and tho' it cannot ing, but more intelligib le, :lnd might be be ve ry well made Ollt, that they have any lea rned very well in a few years: where- p.nticular fenfe or knOWledge of nobility, as thofe on the coaft can rc"rce be attained in the manner as it is acquired amongft in t~n years, [0 any perfeCtion; the found the polite nations of the wo rld, by fome of fome words being fo ftr :lIlge, that it heriock aCl:ions, or eminent fervices per- is extremely difficu lt to exprefs them by formed for the advantage of their coun- European letters, :lnd more parricular! y by try; yet, I {hall not fcruplc to call thefe the Englijh alphabet: the pronunciation rich Blacks nobles, tho' fome perfons of letters being in Englijh of another found, feem to ridicule it. than the y are in a ll other nations of Eu- T he fourth order of Blacks, muft be Commont, rope, And fince the Blacks can neither the common people; that is, fin1er-men, write nor read, and have no ufe of any husband-men, wine-drawers, weavers, and charaCl:ers, it is confequently impoffible to other mechanicks. exprefS their faults, and as difficult to learn In , the fifth and laft rank, I place the slav", their language, in two or three yea rs, of naves, whether b ecome fo by poverty, or conftant praCtice amongft them; for many fold by their relations, or taken in lVar, have lived there ten years, and yet could . As to the firft degree, the dignity of k iog D'fttn' of not llnderftand and fpeak it to perfeCtion, or captain, in mo(1: countries defcends by tb, cr,wn. nor fcarce hit the pronunciation, inheritance from the father to the fon, and The Fetu bnguage being moft general- in default of fuch iffue, to the next heir- Jy underftood at the Gold Coaft amongft male, In fame other countries, the richeft the Blacks, as [ have faid before; I have man in Oaves and money, will be prefer- made a colleCtion of fome familiar words red before the right heir, if he is poor, and phrafes, which fhall be found in the I fi,all fp eak of the inaugu rations of thefe fupplement : and if the letters and vowels kings hereafter, are pronounced as in French, I doubt not The fecond degree, viz, the Cabo- Choict of but a Black will undediand it, when fo ceirots , or magiftrates, are generally Iimi- mRgl. founded and exprefled, H ad r lived any ted to a certain . fet number, chofen from jlrat" , conliderable time among them, I had col- among the commonal ty, and are generally leCl:ed a much greater number of phrafes perfons pretty · well . adva nced in years; and words, to help fea-faring men in young rnen are feldom.or never put into their commerce with the natives of the fuch an office, AccordIng to the- cuftom Gold Coaft; befides the other languages, at Ai i711, the candidates for fuch office, in which we can talk to them: for many muft be natives of the country, and liv- of the coaft Blacks fpeak a little Englijh, ing or at lealt keeping a. houfe: there, in- or Dutch; and for the moft part 'fpeak habited by one or more of his wives, or to us in a fort of Lingua Franca, or bro- by fome of his family, and he himfelf ken Portuguefe and French. refiding ' rhere alfo, Sometimes there, on occafion of 'adding one or more , Caboai- DE G R E E S of B LAC K S. ,'oei to the affe mbly or commdn-Gouneil BEfore I proceed any farther in de[cribing of the town, he or they are brought ·to the the manners and cuftoms of the Blacks, Dulc}; 'faCtor in the fort; with a requeft both in civil and religious refp eCl:s; I that .fuch, or fuch, may be adm itted into VOL. V. . ' S f f their I' :, ~A Defcriptjon , Of. th~ BooK' nr. BJ\1UlOT..It:heir faid commo(l,{)Qunpl. the Drttch chere libly; fo!10W'c! by a little boy, whe ca,rr.!es ~ ha~AI'\g ,th~ ,night !Of fov~rt:jgny over t~ofe his W00dea feat ffo, or the faaor callfes him to take another Caboceiroc, if the king be not there himfelf iOll1h, r.efpti1:ing his Qwn ,ouony,.mon l.nd in 1plerIon, with their javelins and Ihields. m!iOFl ,: which being done, be oolige~ !hIm Mterwhioh,they proceed to the ceremaniai, tI> C0ftbe commOl!raity, carrieci on four other men'~ 1l.oulders, perfons in years, and fo put them .into the perfo n who o.ccafions the ceremony fit- fl~g expired, the man br.i-ngs It cow·tf- beililg ufually -referved for lhe founder 'Of the. CHAp. 19- the feaft, cfpetially if it be of )t tow: or ah'y Me has' hew drilmsbr hol'ns, they thc~e[lARBoT: \"Ill -Ox, to b~ kept in his houfe, as 'n ' teCtie confecrnte thein with human blood. Tb thiS V'Y'\.I tMnilll of his hobili{y, hM of the ri ght he effect, the nave appointed to be f~crificed ha~ thereby acquired t6 tI-affick evel'y where, is 'made to drink and dance nlerrily all the t6 buy hnd fell 'n.l\'.cS, &<". to keep arUh1~ day, and at night they throw hih1 down, l'llers and horn-b lowers of his o'vn, which \vith his face in the f.lnd, the'll cut his head the common people are nbt petrnittcd t6 off, ana in four or Jive hours after, 'they do; but if they are inclined to divert rhelu" drink palm"wine out of the upper part , of f~lws, muD: borrow them ~ which n'lakes, his 'fkttll, in the fight of all the people, thore Blacks, who have purchated the faid The pretehded hew hobleman, thus ill- privilege, as ptolld as ahy or omr upl1:ar't ftall'd, commonly purchafcs iii''(\: one, and open air, to exprefs that he will dread no lieving if they did, thlty fll0ll 'lcl tertainly dangers, nor (pare a,ny hard!hips in de- die that very dny. fence of his fami ly. After which he fpends Wilen the feaft is over, both man a11t1 the ' next and the j'enlainil1g days of the ",ife take new deities, aod 'having waihed feaft, which cOl11l11only lnlt about eight 'Ind dried the cow or goat's head, hahg it days, in 0100tihg and warlike exercifes, as up in their hO!lle, as an enfign of their no- well as dancing, ahd all fortS of mirth; bility; and it is accounted the principal or- himrdf, his wives, and f.,\l11ily, being as nnmeht of the houfe, ncbly dreft as they poffibly c,in, expofing The expence ofthiscercl11onial cbmnionly all he hjs iii the world to publick- view, tofts them (even or eight Belida'! of gbld ;' or and removing froln place to place: but abollt fix ty pounds Iterling, mote, br,lers ~ this fefhval is not to expcnfive as the for- but the prefents ,they receive froth all their mer', for ihftead of making prtfents, as friends, often defray bne half. But fllch is ufual in that, at this, on the coh trary, he the vanity of the BlackJ in general, that if reteil;es very Vaiuable gifts; and when he they can but raife fa much t110ney as ' to defigos tb go to the war; he is allow- clear thefe expences of the ceremonial, to eel ttl ' Cah'y twb fhlelds, which IMh af he inftaU'd among the rich or nobles, they the inferiour rank are not permitted to ca re for no more; and fometimes thofe poor ,do, ' fellows are obliged, the very next day after The[e nobles are ,generally very una- Nob'" Iheir promotion, t6 go a lin.lAg to main- : nitno.Lls\ and liVe friehdly together! beingir;wd0', min their family! .and Ivill ne\'cnhelefs" ready upon ,aJl -0otali@rts to help orte an- upon all occafiol1$, entertain the Jiuroptanr o~h€r" ,alid fea~ilJg amongft themfelves, they have the opportunity to converfe with, froni time to tIIne, by turns, They have with their wealth and abilities, commonly tw@ fuch publick feafts, the MIlJical In fome places the blbwiflg horris, wh,ich firft is tb, cc!i~brate , the al1niverfary of their bornJ, thOfe diftingllinlcd Black; arc al'lawed to inftilllatiorJ, each 'ih his oreler, as it hap- have, are about fe",en, made of (wall £Ie- ~etts, ' On that day they confecrate new pliant's teeth, cllfioUfiy wrought "!lth fe- idols, aric:f'Adtlrrl rhe tcl"i's heads with theill , veral odd ligures ofbeafts, and other things, makirlg , great f~joytings, 0c. cut all over thefi1, ' as i'cptefenp:d in ,{lie ' ~h~ 'Other 'is, a Jterictal fealt., (;lIlirlgF,njlJ. PLATtl', cut. tifu~lly on 'the fi xtli day of 'July; dllrltig On thofe horns they ca ufe the i; falTiily tb whlth they at! h~Ve one aHd the Gtt1e be taught all forts ,o f !LIlies ufu:lI among 'jdol to 'Wbich _ they t~trifice. ' On t1iat the Elilcks, whith When they ,ha:ve learnt, day 'dch ,of thofe nolJles weats a g('eeh 'they inrorlTt all their relations and acquatn- 'l:i6IJgil ' M the 'i:1i:i'eletnf 11' ligubr;, ,that they ,au. ,~6htiihf drftribudflg prdeOtS ~ttiol1gft tlietf ;\o,}hat V'ei~ tltllrk: , '," ' this cerem6l1Y becbtnes very expel'lfive, but Wfra'tel,er n6f.i6ns the Bicii:~s may 'tlave When ov.er, they ~re Itedo b!ow tl~eir ho:os df trd~ -thci( ~~fitility, fevefal, EuiapeaJt at pleafure. 1 mufr flot O'riilt, bemg IlpOIl factors can boaftl that for feve~at y~ars ,r.bey :this fubjetl:" to (ike noticeo! a, ti1q~ 'hortid '11~W~ be'ldl w~i[eilfb~ 'hy 1dine of [tMe nobles, ;praffice ambngft the Ela'Cks of Felli, wh.enifi th~ ClIpWdty' br,thel!' t6btmiJi, oi' Ti,tle! 'ilc Cbambl'e, 2)'2. J A Defcription ;ofthe BOOK III. BAI1.HOT, Chambre. However ,it is certain, on the have , any thing to. do with them, muft cer· VV'J other' hand, that generally there" ~hofe t,ainly own. They are generally profligate gentlemen are put into offices and places 'of villains, a bafiard race, as unfilithful to the trufl:, next after tile king's reLHions, as ,oc- ElIyofeal1S, as untrue [0 the Blacks, and very ca (ion offers. rare ly agreeing among themfelves; and The Blac.fs of the three chi~f orders I th9' they affume the name of chriO:ians, are ha ve d\'fcribed, will not be called or looked as (uperfritious idolaters as any of the Blacks llpon as Moors, which they fancy implies can be : and whatever is in its own nature Oaves, or fome wl'etched poor creatures; wor,\\:, in the Europeans and Blacks, is united but (ltflre to be called Pretos" which in in ,them. Mofr of the women are common Portugueft fignifies Blacks. , " wl;or~s, publickly to the Whites, and pri- , Of the ' fourth and fifth (orts of Blacks vate! y to the Blackr. The men arc for the above-me~tion'd, I Olall fpeak more parti- moft part foldiers, in the fervice of the cularly her~after, 'rnd repea t, for th~ prefent, Dlllc'h, ' and other Europeans; clothed like that they are comn~,ri16!1 people and flaves. them; but the women, ,difterent from the Black women's drefs: for they prink up , 'MULATTOES. themfelves after a particular manner. Such, BE fides the ab~ve 'five orders of 'nen, in- of them as pretend to any filfhion, wear a hab iting thofc, counti'ies, there is ,:1 fixth, fine Olift, and over that a {hOrt jacket whi:h muft be ['l l~en notice of; and is, of. filk or ftuff, without ileeves; which the NEII/altotS or 'l'apoey~rs, as the Blacks ca ll reaches from under the arms to their hips, them; being begotten by EllyopeallS' upon faO:en'd only at the 010ulders. On their tlie Black or Mulalto women, of a tawny, heads they wear feverul caps one over the yellow-brown complexion, nt ither ~h i te nor ather; the uppermoft of which is of filk, black, who, when young, are far fro III band- pleated , before, and round at lhe top, ro rome; and when old, frightful; efp,cially ma~e it fit faft: over all which, they have tbe old women, who look, as lean and poor a fcirtoffilJer,going twiceor thrice about the as envy it felf can be reprefented, In pracers he~d" which drefs makes a great {how: their of time the bocl ies of Mulattoes become lower parts are clothed like the Black wo- fpeckled with white" brown ana' 'y'ellow men. Thofe who are poor, have the upper fpots, like leopards, and refembling them part ,of their body naked. in their barbarous nature; which, all who C H ' A P. XX. " I Roads, towns and houfes. 'Diet. Rain much dreaded. Civility. Merchants> jifhermen; blackfmiths; grildfmiths. Armr; tools, and mujical inj!m- ments. Husbandry; canoes; potters; thatchers. Markets and flaws. " ' I ' ROADS, TowNs "and HousES: ' 1 fcattering·, which by their difpofition, or T HE Blacks, , in etiildjng til,i,~ ' tdwns fituation, form many little lanes, crooked, or vilLlges, have very little reO'ard .and very irregular; all of them ending at to the pleafan(Oef~, or ,c~nveniency' ot the the wi~e open place, which they commonly firuation, either for fine' PfofpeCl:, ',pleafant leave m the centre of the town, and call it w,llks, or other ad vantages; which , they the 'market-place: (erving daily both to might procure to themfe]ves; if they, 'Vere hold the market, and to divert the inhab i- fenfible of fuch benefit~, fince they have tants. , many noble rivers, -.pkafant valleys, and The towns and viIJages of the inland well-planted hIlls;, but, on. the,cpntrary, countries, are generally much larger than they commonly budd them In dry and Hif- at the Gplcl Coajl, and confequently much agreeable places, Nor , are they any wifer more populous. But neither th e inland or more curious in the making of roads towns, nor thofe at, the coaft, have any and paths, from place to place, as I have walls or pallifadoes, like thofe of the Moors, before hinted: for ' they are generally dwelling about the river Niger; which are Badr .., I" crooked, rough,' and 'uneven; fo that the fenced round with elephant's teeth, to keep diftance between , places is made a,lmoft off the wild ravenous beafts. double; nor will ' they ' be perflladed to The frrength of their villages, in (orne m,end ~r alter them;' as tHey migh~very w,ell, parts, conlifrs in their being fituated on with lIttle labour ; to fave to ~hemfelves fome fteep, barren, high ground or rock s~ the inconveniency 'of fuch qrooke<;l, into- cr.'iIi a m'ar{hy, fwampy place, and but lerable r'oads, I' ... : rarely on 'a river, or brook; acceffible only Irregll/ar Their towns 'arid viliag~s are' comp~fed by (ome narrow, uneven paths, 'or crooked low!)s. of feveral huts, franding in parcels, and lane) or through (orne large thick woods: , .' ~d Coafls of SOUTH:-GUINEA. 2. 1): '3 and fome alfo in the midll: of a wood. At parts by partitions, made of rulhes boundD. . ~ U" T. the coall:, they are commonly . placed on clofe together. The better fort of houfes ~ a dry barren grOllnd, or on a fiat rock, are commonly endofed with all their f.1id or fame gravelly r.1ndy place. f[Oall huts, or out-houfes by, as it were a The hOllies are genera lly fmall and very hedge, made of run1es, made fall: together, low, lookmg at a dif1:ance, more like of a good thicknefs, and as high as the baracks in a camp than dwelling-houres, walls of the houfes, to which there is no except fome of thoCe about the European door, the only paffage out into the ltreet forts, which are lomewhat larger and more being through the main houfe. commodious; the natives there having The houres of the kings and other greatH,uft' 'I lea rnt of us how to order them to a men, are generally built by themfelves near greAt mm. greater advantage than others ·; as I have the market-place, being much larger than before obferved, at Milia, and fame other tbe others, and having ll)Ore out-hollCes and places on the coall:, they are one or two offices, but all of the fame materials as il:ories hig h, with fevera l ground rooms, thofe already defcribed of the inferior pea· and fame of them have fiat roofs. pie, difpofed without any order. In the H,,,(,,h,.., The Blacks generally build their houfes midll: of them is a .kind of pavillion, where bl .the.place.Where . the ~ perlon vifited fits, expectIng hIs comlngl . MER C. Ii ANT S. . he .detaEhes all his ~rmed attendan.ts, of any 1 ~-Iave , before obferved, that trading iSFirfltra,u dil1:i~Ction to prefent th~ir hands, · by way the , employment of the prime Blacks,thtrt. o( falutation to the ocilets m~n, that are both in rank and riches. The Freiich, ac- abo~t him, as well as ~o the l)lafter. Wpen co~ding to fome authors, having been pof- this ceremony is ov~r, the two . kings, or felfed of the caftle of Mina,for about an hun- great men; each carrying his Ihjeld, ap-. dred years, without interruption, from their proach one ahother. . If the viliter be of firft fouriding of it in the year 1383, and the a higher degree thap the Qther, ,0;- the )<\~ter Portllgu4~ having fupplanted them in 148 .... ) inclin;d to give hi.m an , extraordinary, re- each of thofe two nations had in a manner ception, he embraces and bic\s hi," .w el-, the fole trade on that coaft, during thofe come three times fucceffively; bl)t ifhe Who former centuries, furnifhing the natives with vifits be of an interiQr ran\<:, thep the viii ted many things they had never before feen makes thr.ee· (eve,al advances to welcQme or hea.rd of; which provjd fo acceptable him, eacl~ rime only prcfenril)g his hand" and ufeful [0 them all in general; as weIl and filliping his middle finger. . This d(l)ne, on the [aid coaft as far up the inland, that the vifitant fits down, with his retinue, di- thofe near the fea embraced the commerce reCtly before the other, expeCting his c1l111- from the firft coming of the French among ing to welcome him, with his attendants; them; buying their goods to fell again to which the vilited ,prefen.dy performs" by the inland people neareft to them, ,who three circul:ai' advances, and then returns again carried thofe goods to others more to his own place and · fits down, fending remote;, and fo from hand w hand they fome officers co failite che reft of the vilit- convey'd them even beyond the river Niger, illg company, [Q enquire 'after their health, the ,prices, as may be imagin'd, advancing and the occafion of their coming, which the th~ farther \hey were carried, and yct the chief generally ,mfwers by !l1elfengers ' of comm.odities were every. where acceprable; his own. '" ' as Ql!ing not only new, but alfo ufeful. Tedious. (This ceremony, cOirt~only lafts an hour In procefs of time the myftery of trade Trad, aJ- c,remonus' or cwo · or till the vifited rifes and deli res was well eftablifh'd among thofe people,'IIanc'd. his' fri~nd ~o go into his. hpu[e, .wh~re he in every,part of it, .many of them applying caufes him to be pre.fented by the gr,at themfelves wholly to it, and the profit. men of. the village, with. Iheep, fowls, being conliderable, many from the inland, yil.l11S, potatoes, or other ac(:eptable things; thought , ie worth while to come down ,to bclides which; there are many other- cere- th.e coaft, to buy European goods of the monies too tedious to be. particularly men- Por/tlgueft and other Whites, to furnilh the tioned. markets in their feveral provinces; others Prof'ffon; . I have before obferved; that the Blacks [ettling there with their families, as brokers On the Gold Coaft were naturalry inclinable and faCtors for their correrpondents, re- to reek their eafe, · and averfe [0 labour; liding in remoter parts, great numbers of it is cettain neverthdefs, that there ~re very which fort are to be found, retried at many many who induftrioully apply themfelves places under the EU/'opeall forts, efpeciall y to fome particular profeflion, or handicraft, at Commendo, Mina, Corfo, Mouree, C01'- as merchants, f aaors or brokers, gold and mentill, and Acra, as has ' been mentioned blacklmilhs, fifhermen, canoe, or houre:o.ar- before. Thus in procefs of time, from ge- penters; /alt"boilers, potters, mat-makers, huf neration to generation, the refort of trading bandmen, porters, :walermen or pad/ers, and Blacks has been greater and greater, as the , / foldiers; in each of which profeffions they feveral European fettlements at the coaft not only endeavour to live, bur to grow have encreafed t~e plenty of goods, and . rich, being much encoutaged fo to do by confequenrly lelfened their prices; which the example of the Europeans, to whom has been a greater encouragement to thore they are now nothing inferior in cQvetouf. people to drive the greater trade in .the re- nefs; whereas formerly they were fatiSfied mote inland countries, and by it very many with bare necelIaries to. [upport life. have beeh vaftly enriched, and fo ealily in- Ha.vi .. g from the beginning of this de. duced to perpetuate fo beneficial a profeffion [Hiption refoLved not to omit any minute in their pofterity. circumftance that Ihould. occur to my me" I have beeh told, that when the Euro Blacks mory, " I Ihall now give fome aCCGunt of peans firft came acquainted with thofe people'~fr;i~o/ each of the aforefaid profeffior.s on the many of the inland Blacks, who, as well . Gold Coaft; tho' fome perhaps. may think it out of curio(ity as for .profit, ventured to too trivial, yet it may be acceptable to come down to the coaft, to fee White men, others no lefs judicious, wherefore I III all a thing wholiy new to them; they were take them in the fame order as mentioned afraid to come near them becaufe of the above. whitenefs of their compiexion; and much lefs CHAP. 20. Coaft! 'Of SOU l'H-GU tN' EA. Icfs would they venture to many I had thus brought abonrd. yet ·their faces. either in concert with the fuper~ thofe faB:ors exaB:ly know whofe every cargo, or by amuling them with fome 011111, parcel is, and what goods they are ordered whilft an<.ther broker or Black, who is 111 to purchafe with it, and that without any the fecret, cutS oA' fome patt of I h~ I ill en other help than firength of memory; the and ftuA' he has bought for thein, or alters Blacks, as I have faid, being utter firangets the weight err what is weighablc, or lllil1es The;" to writing and reading. liquors with water. As for inftal1te <;jf thisf,""d. fl"\lILl A Defcriptionrlf the BOOK lH. BARI\OT,fraud in liquids; I have feen fame in cape promifed them nill greate'r reward!;, if they v:v"I Corjo road, who by that me~ns gained three would bring them fame of the rich inland ,anchors of brandy at one time, on a parcel traders, becaufe thofe generally buy much ,they. had bought for others, The better to greate'r quantities of goods; than any of conceal their knavery, they leave that aboard thofe living, on the {hare', This praCtice is till night, which they have defrauded others ftill mo're and m'ore in ufe at this time, of in the , day, and then return aboard to when the 'number of 'trading Ihips f(om coo'vey ' it privately alhare, running it in the many parts of Europe, is far greater than dark, to prevent its being feized br the 'it was furmerly, and confequently obligeS Dutch faCtors, at fuch places as are under every agent, or commander, to procure .their jurifdiCtion, or at other places exempt 'what cultomers he can by fuch promifes from the dominion of the Dutch, to fave and gratifications, , the ,king's cuftom or duties, The merchants and fat1:ors geherally come Another way thofe factors have to de- aboard the Ihips, a little after fun· riling, 'Ceive, their principals, is in the weiglung of with the land-breeze, which makes the fea the gold ,they are to be inrrufted with to pretty calm; and return again alhore a- buy goods: when the crafty knaves , wdl bout noon, with the fca·breeze, which they ; put their hands into the fcales, as it were call Agombretou, before it blows toO frelh Going ,:,_ .'to pick alit fame gravel or fmall ftones, and the fea runs high, If they have any board RnJ that happen to be fometimes mixed with it, of the inland people 'with them, they will landing, and , fame of the gold never filils to be return alhore abom eleven of the clock, ,lodged under their long hooked nails, juft at the beginning of the breeze,. before whence they convey it into their mouth, the fea is rough; becaufe thofe inland nofc, or ears, and fometimes between their Blacks cannot endure it; and at their lande toes. In (hart they are moft expert thieves, ing on the beach, they are met by abun- and perhaps in that dexterity outdo the dance of young Blacks, who ufuaIJy wait moft fkil fll I of the ancient Lacedemonians, ,there about that time, for the return of Priftnts They alfo are conliderable gainers by the the ,canoes, fame to unlade the gbods they tnRJe daily or prefent, which the Europeans, either are ,loaded with, and others to carry the "thtm. ' aboard their fhips, or i in the forts or fac- canoes alhore, and lay them with the bot-' tory muft unavoidably make them, when com upwards on fome (hart pofts ftuck in they have agreed for any parcel of goods; the ground for that purpofe, that they may which leads me to fay fomething in particu- dry the fooner; and for that fervice die lar concerning thofe prefents, owners of the canoes allow them a certain 13>1t roti'ICCd The Dutch firft brought up that difagree- reward, either of the faid goods in fpecie; the able and burdenfome cuftom. Their delign or in gold Krakra. Their bulinefs is alfo to u{ch. at firft was only to draw off the Blacks fron) help when canoes, either empty or laden, t rading with the Portuglle[e; but thofe chance to be over-fet, as it often does, when people having once found the fweet, could they come neal' the beach, by the break- never be broke of it, tho' the Porluglle[e ing of the waves, Upon fuch occafions , were actually expelled all the places of trade they are not eaftly f.1tisfied with what is they had been poffdfed of on the cpalt; given them, pleading great merir. bur it became an inviolable cuftom, for all Thofe who come from the inl and coun- Europeans as well as the Dutch, Some of tries, to trade with the Eu/'opeam, either a- thofe people are fo very eager, that they Ihore, or aboard their Ihips, are for the will demand it with much importunity', e- molt part Oaves ; one of which number, in ven before they bargain for any thing, which whom the mafter confides moft, is ap- is a great trouble and lofs, becaufe it lowers pointed the chief of that caravan a-foot, the profit upon goods, by four or five per the goods bought being carried by thofc Good, tal .. Cent, and occafions great contefts and cla- Oaves to their habitations up the country, yit' by mours; many of the- Blacks not refting fa- as uling neither carts nor horfes, ThefeJlR"'tI, tisfied with what is offered them, efpeciall y naves carryall on their Ihoulders or backs, the poorer fan, fa that if there be any confiderable parcel Other Another encumbrance introduced alfo by of goods, it requires a confiderable num- gifts, the Dutch, before they were fetded in a com- ber of naves to tranfport it fa far, efpecially pany, exc!ulive to all others of their nation, 'whent he goods are ponderous, as lead, iron, and which is alfo extended to all other or tin; two or three hundred weight where- Europeans trading thither, is, that feveral of, requires fifty men or more, The Euro- Ihips happening in thofe times t:l> meet to- peal1s commonly Ihow much civility to the gether on that coalt, each particular com- chiefs of fuch companies of naves, and are mander, 'or fuper-cargo, offered fame paj'- fa far from treating them according to their ticular gratification to fuch broker or fac- fervile condition, that they fiudy all ways to tor, as would prefer him in the fale of his oblige then), well knowing thoy ure in fpe- carg€>, and procure him moll: buyers; imd eial f.wour with their mafters; and may go [0 _CilAP. 20. Coajls of SOUTH-GO IN EA. 2.6) to other European forts or lliips ;' for which leagues to fea, commonly with one paddler, n.\RDo·r. reafon they are often better ufed than their or rower, beLides the fi01ermcn; and fomcVV'l mall:ers would be if prefent. with two, as alfo their filliing tackle, con- ntn i,ircJ. Thofe inland Blacks, who come down nO:ing of great and fmall hooks, and harp- without Oave~ . of their own to carry back ing irons, which they ufe dexteroufly when the commochncs purchafed, hire either the hooks have caught a Lilli too big for free-men or naves, who commonly live the line to bear. They are alfo furniflled under the forts, at fuch rates as they call with caO:ing, and other large nets, fame agree upon, according to the diO:ance of twenty, and others twenty four fathom long, the places tbe goods are to be carried to ; made of the coco thread or yarn which which is a conliuerable advantage to thofe they fpin, and of which their lines are at the coaft, tho' the money is hardly alfo made. They place their nets in the enough earned, thofe pdor wretches having fea over night, not r;~r fi'om the OlOrc, in high hills to climb, and b,ld ways to pafs. the months of Oflobcr aild Novelilber, fe- The caravans go generally well armed turing; the two ends with nones, and draw to defend themfdves againlt robbers, and them in the morning, when they are com- wild beafts. monly fu ll of all forts of fi01 ; the coall: SI.vtJjild. The merchants and faC\;ors on that coall: being every where plentiful! y O:ored, as 1 pay for the commodities they buy, not only have already obferved. in gold, but in Oaves, which they call by Eve.ry Ii01erman always Carri·ies a fcy- MAnn" 0/ the lorlugllefe name Calivos, carr ying tWO, miter III hiS canoe, wIth fome bread, water,ftjbing. three, or more aboard together in a canoe, and a little fire, on a flat large !tone, to roall: Sometimes they in that manner carry great fiIh, when he has occafion. The rower, or numbers of Oaves aboard, at Dther times paddler commonly fits at the fte rn,padcll ing fewer, accord ing as they happen to be at very nowly, and the other ftands, both of peace or war with their neighbours. In the them plying the fi01 with long and !hart year 1682, I could get but vety few, be- lines, fame of which Have five or fix hooks caure there was at· that time almoO: a ge- hanging at them. Some make faft ,a line neral peace among the Blacks along the about their h,eads, others holding it in their coall:; and confequently they were twO or hands; and thus I have often feen them three pieces of eigh t a man dearer than draw up five or fix fillies at one call: of a at my former voyage. I lliall have occa- line. They labour thus till about noon, fion to fpeak more particularl y of (laves, and feldom later, becaufe then the wind conIider'd as a peculiar commodity. begins to blow very frelli, and fa they re" No ivory. There are very few elephant's teeth fold turn alliore with the fea-breeze, each canoe along the coall:, for tho' the natives have them being general! y well ftor'd with fi111, then: from the inland countries, or from the coalts being fuch plenty in , that fea, as has been of Qjlaqua ancl Cohgo, brought in canoes, faid. Thofe who Il:ay out later, dcfign to they commbnly make ufe of them to make difpofe of their fin, aboard the !hips for blowing horns, or trumpets,. and ,in other brandy, garlick, hooks, and other irlconli- ways, as for rings about their arms, &c. derable things; as thread, needles, pipes, Nor wax. Nor is there any quantity of wax to be pins, tobacco, bugles, ordinary knives, old had, unlefs it be accidentally, though there hats, old coats, fmall ordinary looking- is ehauah of it ; but the natives havi ng learnt ghIles, &c. to mak~ candles of it, fpend it that way. Thefe men, by conftant prac\;ice, are be- come very dexterous at ~he ir trade of fi01- F ISH E R MEN. ing, and 'tis no fmall diverfion to fee fa B d . THE bulinefs of hOling is there look'd g reat a number of canoes at that fport. IfS";,,J-fif", " 10 II. , upon as next to trading, and thofe a fword-filli, or any other of the greatell: ' who profefs it are more numerous than any bulk,happens ro be in the net they have laid other fort of people. Thofe who follow in the fea over night, it is certain l y rom to that profeilion bring l1p their fans to it from pieces;, but if, the, owner of the net 'has nine or ten years of age, at Anla, Commendo, notice of it iti time, he deIires the aIIiO:ance MilIa, Corfo, ' Mouree, Corm!!ntin, am! fome of his friends, and two 'or three c~noes go other fea-rowns to the eall:ward; but the out ,together, provided with ll:rong harping- greateft number is at Commendo, MirJa, irons to Il:rike it, and the,Blacks being fond and Cormentin. of that filli above any 6~her, one of them From each of thefe lall: mentioned places makes amends for tvlo or three nets torn, by FifMng tACHe. f there commonly go out every morning in tlie price it yields. the week, except '1uefday, which is their They c'itch the Machoran, by the DUlcbcat-fifll , ) fabbath, or day of rell:, five, fix, and fome- call'd, Baerd-Mandie, and by the £lIgti/h, times eight hundred fmall canoes, each about· Cat-fifo, with nets fpread floating, and thirteen or fourteen foot long, and three fall:ened ro tWO little poles, to which they or four in breadth; and put alit abollt tWO tie iron bells, like thofe put about the VOL. V. ,X lC x necks 'A Defcription of the BOOK IH~ , BARBO'r. neC"b of cows in feveral parts of :Europe, way of eating them is boil'd, and then cut ~ which beina- Ihaken by the waves~ make. in pieces and fry'd. a tinkling ~oile, that amaas this ! fort of Small fiih is alfo taken there with a piece Sm.1I fifo. Bib', and brings it into the net. I I have of canvas, or other coarfe f1:uff, holding - been told, that cod is taken after that man- the ends of it with both hands, under water, ner in fbme parts of Europe, but do ' not re- and raifing it up hafti! y, when they fee any rn e'mber where. filh fwimming over it. River·ftfb. They alfo take river fifh with proper nets, and fevera 1f orts of inftruments, both B LAC K'S M r T H s. by day and by nigh t, but not in fuch quan- THE chief handicraft at which thefeT/;,inkilf. tities as the lea affords. They are generally Black; are beft lkilled, is fmithery ; of indet:1tigabJe at this employment, at the which I Ihall n9w fpeak_ The black-fmiths proper times and feafons. there, many of whom are at Boutroe; Com- Nighl- There are feveral ways of filhing by night, mmdo, Mina, Berkll, and other places, ftfbing. both up the country and at the coaft, ac- with fnch forry tools as they have, can cording to the variety of places. Some of make all fons of martial weapons they the Blacks at the coaft, in the night hold in have occalion for, guns only excepted; one hand a piece of combllftible wood they alfo make whatfoever is requilite for flaming, having firft dipped it in oil or hnsbandry, and for their houlhold ufes. rofin; and in the other 'a fmall dart or Tho 'they have nO f1:eel, yet they make their fpear, with which they ftrike the filh, cymiters, and other cnning inftruments_ which commonly makes [0 the light. Others Their principal tools a re a hard ftone, Tool" have a gentle fire always burning in the inftead of. an anvil, a pair of tongs; and a niiddle of the canoe, the fides whereof fmall pair of bellows, with three or four being bor'd through, at certain diftances, noifels, an invention of their bWIl, and the light ftrikes through upon the water, blows very Itrong. Their files of feveral and amaCl:s the filh, which they alfo ftrike li zes, are at lea fl: as well tempcr'd as w" with thei r fpears. can make them in Europe. Hammers of Ana/her ".J. Others go into the water up to their all fi zes they have from the Dutch. Their middle, with a light in one hand, and a forges are commonly {maller [han ours, \ balket in the other, which they clap upon the filh, and take it; but this way offilh- G 0 L D-S MIT H S. ing, being fubjeCl: to unlucky accidents THEY outdo the blackfmiths in theircllrio/ls from the Iharks; often playing near the performances, as haVIng been taught,..,km,l/; beach, few dare follow it, for fear of being their art by the French, Por/uKueft, and devour'd by thore ravenous mol'ifters. Dutch, in former times, and now make of Shark- . When they delign tO ,take Iharks, which fine gold, breaft-plates, helmets, bracelets, filMng. IS often done, ~s well to deftroy tb~ fpecies, idols, hunting-horns, pattins, plates, orna- ha vmg a pa rtlcula r ha tred to. it; for the ments for the neck, hatbands, ch:lin and mifchief it does, as fot' the benefit they pbin r'ings, buttons, ' and iheIJ-IiIh; they reap by fellmg them to the inland people, a lfo caft very cllriollQy all fnrts of wild who are fond of it dried in the fun, they and tame be,tlrs; the heads and lkeJetons of ufe proper hooks and lm'es"; and when one lions, ty gers, leopards, oxen, deer, mono of the larger lize has fwallowed the bait, keys , go:\ts, &c. which ferve them by way they help one another "to tow it aThore, of idols;' ei ther in plain work, or filigrene, all and diftri.bute it among the people, by caft in moulds; of which fort I brought whom 'lt IS ea ten" In revenge, as has been over feveral pieces of figures, bur particu- elfewhere obferved . . larl y that of a perwinkle, as big as a n FiliJi"g i. Theyalfo take abundance of very" illkie. hollowed, of feveral degrees and fites. piece. They generall y b~a t thefe drums in con- 6. Two Boujies, or Cauries, E afl-India fort with the blowmg horns, made of. ele- n,elIs, which ferve for ornaments in neck- phants teeth, which together make a hIde- laces, and go for money at Fida and Ar- ous noife; and to help it. out, they fet a boy dra. , , to rattle on a hollow piece of iron, with . 4. A great iron, pin, with a fmall fel~i- Mon'1' a ftick: and this addition is fo far from Circle at the ' ~nd, Itke a half moon, which rendring the noife more agreeable, that it ra- is current money at fome places, for a ther becomes inore untllpportableto our ears. certain val4e. Tools. 4. 4. Two forts of tools for tillage. I. Small fcales of their making, to weigh s..l". A musket. W. Such a mulket as they buy from gold. : Europeans. They handle their fire-arms 3. The beans, or peafe, with which they Weights; very clever! y, difcharging them feveral weigh gold . duft, as has been faid before. ways, when drawn up, one fitting and an- 5. Little . wooden fpoons to put gold Spoon; • .o ther lying down, never hurting one ano- into the fcales, or take it out, to adjuft the ther . Abundance of fire-arms, gun-pow- weight. der and 'ball are fold there by all the, tra~ ~. Gold Krakra,. which u; their fir-all Krakr • • d ing Europeans, and are a very profitabl~ money. commodity, when the Blacks of the coaft are at war; yet were it to be wihled they In the third DIVISION, on the rigbt-ha;ul, haq never been carried thither, confide ring LeO M B S, made of a ponderous hard Comb;. how fatal they have been, and .will frill wood. . be upon occafion in. the hands of the Blacks, H. Three feveral forts 9f wooden ,ftools, Stools. to EU1'opeans, who for a little gain fur. or feats, . as commonly ufed by the bener . fore " CHAP. 20. Coafls Of SOUTH~GutN EA. fort of people, and carried about with The ancient Greeks and Romnm nevcrBARllOV; them, when they go a viGting. wore offenfive arms, but in war; nor did ~ 0,1>",. Z. Two difterenr forts of fmall feats or the lfraeiiles, who had the [,~me fort of :.::si :' 11:001s, which they always carry in their weapons. David commanding his men to pen". fmall canoes, to lit on in the middle of them. march againfl: Nabal, bid them take their ,lforns. G. Blowing horns, made of elephants fwords, tho' they were then fubject to per- teeth, of feverallizes, the biggell: of which petual alarms. The cufl:om of wearing wcigh about thirty pounds; they have a fwords , at all times, was peculiar to the peculiar art to hollow them from one end Gauls and Germans. ' to the other. At the lower end of them is a The defenfive arms ured by the Greeks, DtfonfttJe piece of rope, blacked with Iheep or hens Romans, alld lJraelitts were fhields, and amH. blood, and a fquare hole, blowing into bucklers, helmets, coats of mail, and fome- which makes a prcpofl:erous noife, by them times greaves, or armour for the thighs, reduced to a fort of tone and meafure, which was very rare among the ljraeliles, and and altered at pleafure. Sometimes the much more among the natives of Guillea. ton~ is more tolerable, according to their As for the fum iture of houfes among Ho,,!!,,'" nlfive of the in- ledged to be of the right of nations, is not ferior fort of Blach. condemned in the wOl'd of God, and has B4rbarou, Thefe Oaves ar~ feverelyand barbarouOy not been aboli{hed in moff parts of Europe, "Jage, treated by their mafters, whel. fubfift them by the manifeftation of the gofpel, but poorly, and !!Jeat them inhumanly,as may be only, by a contrary prattice, infenflbly in- feen by; thefcabs and wOllnds on the, borlies of troduced:; neverthelefs, fince feveral 'mer- many of them when fold to us. They (carce chants; trading on the coall: of Africa, and al.lor-v them the leaft rag to cover their naked- to the JI/dies, where that traffick is permit- n~{$, which they al[o take off from them ted, acquir~ Oaves of the Barbaria/lS, either w.hen fold to Europea1/s; and they always in exclilange, or for money, the pofieffioll gq bar.erli!!aded, The wives and children of of whom they trarofinit to others by formal /laves, are alfo Olives to the mafter under fales, 0rex~hange ; this affembly, confirm- wbopl they are marr,ied; and when flead, ing the mlc made on that fubject in Nor- they ; never bury them, but caft out , the mandy; ' exhorts them, not to abufe that bodies irto fome by place, to be devou~ed liberty, contrary to chriftian charity, and b)\ bir,dsl ' or beafi:s of prey. not to difpofc of thofe poor infidels, but Th'jein,h. ThiS barbarousl:lfage Clfthofe UnfOrtlHlate to fuch ehrii\:iallji, as will ufe them with Weil-In- wr.etch,s, makes, i~ appear, that th~ titte of' humanity; and above all, will take care ~;~:,h.p- C"ch"a& are bought, and tran£'p0vted from to infi:nuCl; them in the true religion. the coaf\; to< Allleric;a; ~n other p,afts of the ' But how faJ! moft pr0teftantplanters and O-NegltEl of world, by EuropealH"js. l~fs. deplorable, than therinhabitantsof European colonies in AlIle_,b,,". tbat of tbofe who end their days in thei~ rica, are from f(i).Jlowing fuch reafonable a, dnd the upper coaft men, underfiand- in thofe naves; it being inconliftent with ing I had thofe Daves aboard, cafn~ clown the proteftant religion, that any of its pro- torqdeem them; giving tn~ twO for one, fcffms DlOuld be kept in bondage for life..- · of fuch as I underftood were t heir near re- But this is a falfe notion, for neither the laws lations; who had been ftolcn away by inland of the nation, nor the canons of tht Ghurch Blacksl brought' down to Acra, and fold ofEllgialld, norof any other chrlfiian people to us. ' • "', in EI/I'ore, that I could ever hear of, do I alfo remember, that I o~q, among my A '~"ol' difcharge ~l1y Black nave, that has receive~ fe veral runs along that coaft, happenecl to!m",!y baptifm, from contiilUing fo till death .. I have aboard a whole f.1rni ly, mad, \'Iife,fl"""s. have in this point had the opinion of very three young boys, amI a gi rl, bought one lea rned EngliJb and Fl'Clfc/J c\ivines, alleclg ing after anotlier, at fevtltal places, and cannot one inftance of the like cafe in Ol1cjimlls, a bu' Qbf~Jve he,tj wha., mighEy ' fli tisfaCtion , iliB~ , :> i -4 ,Defcription of the . BOOK III. BARBOT.thofe poor creatures , e)(preff"ed to be fo known. by a long courfe of experience that V'V'Jcome together again, ,tho' in bondage. the EngliJh particularly every year lore For feveral , days fuccdlively they could great nu'mbers in the paJI:'lge, and fome not forbear lhedding tearsof joy, and con- fhips two, three, and even four hundred tinually embracing and careffing one ,anQ- out of five l:mndred fhippedin Guinea. . ther; which moving me to compaffion, ,I . B~fore we leave this fubjeCt, the follOW-SlAws ill , ordered theylhould be better ,tre.ated · a- iog .9bfervation may not be unacceptable. Ann drew out entire in four days time; anJ faring Inen of al\ nations 90; whichis very when dry, 'it was almolt like a white fine .... offenftve' to an empty ftomach, affeCl:ing th~ From this immenfe fize of an ell and a h~lf, t~ild~r parts of it, by its corrofivenefs? ' en- tj1~- worms are of feveral other magnitudes, feebling ,1 rid we~fening its £1cult!es by d~~ f]lOrrer and fhorter, to fix inches long, and grees, :il1d confequently renders It uncapa- proporrion~bly thick to their lengrn, the ble 'bf digeftion, 1 altho' it feems, ' at ' the tinalleft no bigger than a hair. moment it is taken, to ltrengthen it; th~l:e­ The only way to cure thi~ horrid tor- CUrt oj tbe fore I always took {orne nOll;i{hment befort; menting difeafe, is to take hold of the Worm,. I would ufe it; and a q'uarter . of 'an hour worm, very ginger! y, as loon .as the head after, took the dram, neither would I drink has made its way out of the {welling, and any ftrong liquor, till a quarter ~f al1 hour mak~ it faft to a fmall piece of pafte-board; after meals ; nmch ' more did I {hun to or frick', till it draws back of itfelf; when drink harel, of any' corrupted liquors or'Eu- it mull: by no meaDS be forced, but rope, and of the Guinea beer, called Pelaw ; the pafte-boarel left over the wound, bind- all which Co much abounds in the European ing rhe raid wound fo faft that the worm fom at the Gold Cot/JI . By this method my may not re-enter, and applying to it pulrices ll:omach was all along kept in good order, and fomentations, twice a day, to foften and digdl:io!'1 ' to admiration, notwith{bnd~ tIle tumour, and facilitate the coming out ing the exc,:mve he"ts, which navumlly of the :-voqn; every time the wound is weaken its tac ulries. dreffed, turning the pafte-board gently, Cure for Agairr,_P";: the cholick, be fides what is and thus repeating the fomentations and thuholick. above-mentioned for pains in the il:omach, winding of the worm twice a day, lome- take about half the weight of a louis-d'or, times for a whole month, till it comes OUt of right orvietan, ill four or five drops of entire, which is the greateft point of the annifeed oil; and ufe repeated glilters; cure, tho' the method ,be tedious: for jf it compo fed of the d~coCl:ion of common and ihould happen to break by being too h,\lty nbrflj-mallows, or holyoaks, pellit6ry of in drawing it Oll[, that par~ which rcm'1ins the wall, ~nd cama-powder,. with te~ 'drops in the body, will Coon Jll1lrify, or break of annifeed-oil, keeping warm efpeciaUy out at fome other part, which occnfions at night. double pain and trouble. We have leen Dij/emper As for the difeafe of the worms, by the men thus ferveel, for whQm no other re- ojworm,. M ilia Blacks called IHon , itismore peculiar medy could be founel to preferve [hei r lives, to the natives than to Europeans, who are than cutting off a leg, or an arm, or ti,e feldom a ffiicted with them. privy parts; am) if the worm is lodged in This difeafe appears in feveral parts ohhe the trunk of the body, and broken, it is body, bLl~ more.commonly in the fleO,y almoft a niiracle if the m all does not die pans; as the thighs, the haunches, the of the gangrene working [0 the viral p.m ,. brea Its; and evcIl in the jc/"otu,u, a nun Commonly the worm brings along with it, will {orne times have nine, ten or twelve of as it is gradually ' womic! out of a man's thefe worms at once; fome long, fome body, a great quantity of pu[[ ili ed matter. ilion, and fome deeper in the ficOl than The princip'al poilit of this ' cure, bd ides other, and there are often alfo forne lodged the gende drawing our of tile worm, as has betwiJit the fief], and the !kin. Tl,e worm been f.~id, is 'to keep the wounded part very generally f]lOWS itfelf by the fwellinO" ' of warm, becaufe the cold air would fwdl it, th.e flefh; in fome it caufes violent ag\l.es, and confe,quently choal<. the worm's pallilge, With great fhiverings; others it torments whicli would callfe intolerabl e: tormen!. with intolerable pains, all over the body, What has been fai<;lbn this fubjeCl:, properly fo [,hat they cannot (eft in any poil:ure: concerns' ElIropeaw iIffiiB:ed ' ,:,irh this tlnac· others it c~il:s illco a violent fever, arid 'con- collO,ab}c'dife• . fe; ' to which I {hall add, that tinual del iriums. But thofe ' that orow in rt' is rieceffi\ry, 'after the cure, to purge the the breall: or paps are' tliemofr affliCl:tng, patient; a~d hke f0r a general rule, to pre- as thofe that ' CO,h'~ in the foro/u1li and yard fent thi~ difeafe, ' to live well~ and Coberly, are the moJl: danger<;lUs of all; as well as £6 ~eep: theft<,lr1a~h ~~~.warm, t<;> /hift tormenting; infoniu!'h, ' that thel , 'have put Imen; as (oon as wet by ram or fea water; fome men' there ' jnto fuen a w6f~1 condi- a~d ge~en,lIy tei obfe,rve all the other pre- tion, that chey grew perfeB:1y Inad and fcri,Ptions ] 'have ' hinted· at before, but outrageous,: 10 that i~ was requifite to bind efpecially' t6 abll:ilin, as ' n:-uch as pomble, them ' v¢ry f.'\fr. "" -. 1, . .• , from the life of women. ' As ,. -- CHAP. 22.. I As for th~ Blacks, they let the '\vorm ilave ·ofrej} a1ful'.ed me, t)lat thellatiyes fllrty BARBo·r. come OUt gradually of itfelf, Jlot cor.nrn(,)nly .o r fifty leagues farther .)iP tl}e inlafld, kn9w ~ takmg fueh precautIOns as a,e above ob- !l.athing of .that difeafe, tho' they arc ge- ferved; fo that we have feen a man there ncrnlly as inteH'perat~ ill many regards, with five or fix fueh worms hanging·pattly anQ pa-rciculllriy ill the ~njoy01ent o[women, Qut from his body at once: and when the as any at the Gold Coa}. worm is quite out, thcy anoint the wound Othllrs have b.een pf opinion, that the wnh butter ancl fait, and afterwards wafh it tOQ fre"luent life of pit'w~ter is the bccalion from time to time with fea-water only, which of it. To corrobQratc Which nOlion, they_ proves very effechl1l. proQtjce an example 9f it at Or1/l/(s, and in This worlll-dilc,& is frequent all the coaf!: the ncighbpuring pia Goes, where the Illdiam over I the places nt whith the Hollanders having no pther water to drink, but tha~ find their mel! -are the molt tOrmented with of pits,. arc fubjea tp this worm difternper ; it, nrc l-ormel1lin and Apllm, wflich · lhey which has obl iged rhem to fetch frefll water attribute to the foul water they ·are obliged ITom Ollt of the fea it felf, in eighteen f.l- to drink there. At Acro· the ·natives are thom deep, having Illen employed on pur- nothing ncar fo much aflliC1:ed with it, as at pofe there, to dive fo low for it: and that all other places of the Gold Coajl; the at MOl/ret and Corll/eIIlin, where they drink reafon whereof may be, that the country no other water, the people are much more of Acra not being a promontory, nor fo torlllented wilh the worms, than at other woody as all the other parts of the emf1: parts of the coaf!:; but yetnbundance of the are, the air is confequentiy wholcfomer. natives there, tho' they ul~ as much of that I have been told lhere, that a man may water as any others, are very free from it. have this worm-difeafe two years before it Laf!:ly, olhers are pofitive it proceeds appears, and that in fome Ellropeans, the . Ii·olll bad water, and ill food, "ogether with worm did not break out fur twelve months the excemve malignant rains"and the mil- after they were got back ·from Ihe coaf!: dews of the cool evenings, .which affdl: of Gui/leo, to Europe, without feeling, all many people ther~, and uree,1 it in their thac while, the leaf1: pains. bodies. To make 0\1t their aOertion they SmRll-pox. The fmall-pox 1weeps away great nllm- alledge, that the people are mof!: tOrmented .. b~rs of Bluckl, of both fexes and all ages with that difeafe in the rainy month of .dutl/jI, every year. when the drops of raill t11i1t fall are COI11- " I fear I fhall prove tedious upon 1110nl~ as big as l~rge peas, nnd fa ma- " eve ry fubjeC1: I treat of; but my defign Iignant, that, as I have obfervecl before, it " h.ying been, from the beginning, to omit will rot any wooll en clothing in three clays " no particubrs orufe, or for curiolity, to rime, if npt prevented by the perfbn that render the delcription of the CaajlJ of has been fo wetted, by ·fhifting it prefently; Guillea 1110re compleat, than any yet pub· apc:! having it drieq. It is alfo pofit ively li01Ceyond eX- lations, fD. as. to deny. them the ncce1faty preJrlOn, and yet h:we lived very f.ree trdm help arid fl.lbli~~nc~ that dveafe; w hilf!: others, that li\l~ thete Th!Jy are gener~lly. v.ery much afraid of remperatdy in many ef the befote-meti.rioMd death; alld ufe all Foffiblc methdcls to p~c­ partiCulars, have been much tormellted with fer.v~ ~lt~ir liv.es; not only by !;Ii.eans /:if it, efpccia11y. the Eutopean;: and the Blacks fjatut..1 '~mecljos, but ;illll by ~hil prllOke . , of 280 BOOK III. I 'of feveral ruperftirions, as I 'fhall hereafter fet , about the 'patieiu's room, in rank and mention; and yet when fick or wounded, file, all fprinkled ,with blood, and the they endeavour- to appear unconcerned. [aid prieft eats the flefh of the crearui'e The word Mijarri, in their language. fig- offered to his good health. nifies to be fick; 'Jarbaka/Ji, ·to be dymg; If the fick perron happens to recover and Oii, to be dead. foon after the oITering made, either by- They drefs their wounds with vulne~ary ftren~h of nature; or by virtue of the' herbs, of which they have above thIrty remedies adminiftred, the prieft is fure to be f -eft" , ve'ij fl:((jhg, '. tltl~ (61 a<'ldlt~led . to Idtenefs,' ter~d. the g'a'n Y: toil'fomtl Hemor and his fon .lichmj"f1t'6'puf«d t~ ltIIl!tkll ·' laWu\!) '" "' Ii . , . The B,\RBo.'J' .. :lthe.,1ike fort of me~,have beel) folip'q by bOllnd;, to publick fcorn and derilion in the ~ t.)W;,N~tQfrlallder$[ and,fgr(uguejf, ,I]bt,only mid(l: of the ftreet. in,,,q,·ka, . but :tlfo in.lndia, in rJw iOand of <_ .l£ any embalfador or .nobleman of theSptRking. •• -' ]JQrncp" and in New Guinea, Lfhis .reli- of two ,or three claps with the hands, which giO~ls .ceremonies, .as in making. Mokijies, everyone prefent anfwers after the fame from whence they have generally xha( l!ame manner; then the fuppliant cries our aloud, among the natives; which in our .language Ernpoo laufall biau Pongo, that is, hearken properly lignifies field-devils. The , king for God's fake; whereto the people about has, as the Black> report, near feven thou- him anfwer 'J'iefambie Zinga, which lignifies Wi"". fand wives,; for , aftet, the dcceafe : of one long live God. After which the peticiol,er king, ,his fuccelfor keeps all his wives, and besins his fpeech with the word Wag, ufual adds many more to them: thefo wives have among them, and ends with the words In 110, great refpett paid them; for they muft mama Wag, which is as much as to fay [ work no. lefs than other womem Some herewith cOllclutie: whereupon thofe that f~~ ' of them' he feleCts for his amours, and have any thing to (IY againll: it, be:>in with', them (pends much time; the others and end in the fame nunner. And this are !hut. up like nuns in cloyll:ers. form of fpeech they ufe in all their mat- Tri410j When one of thefe proves with child, ters of juil:ice, warrants, and orders of the ,b,m. fome man mull: drink Bonde for her, to king. know whether !he has had to ,do with any When the inhabitants of Loango have Killi f of other but the king. If the. man who has lodg'd a leopard in the woods, everyone /"p.,.'s. fa drank be well, they judge the wman is warn'd by the found of horns or trum- upright; but if the Qun falls, !he is) con- pets to be ready to attend the king at demn'd and ' burnt, and the adulterer bu- the g:tme; if it be far off, the kin" is ri~d alive. , L: carried in a fquare feat about two foot d~ep, The king makes choice of one' to be as made of block-tin, and anificially wrought, a mother, 'a grave matron of tr,ied repuc: by four men, two before, and two behind, ration, whom they call Makonda' ; and her he holding two poles, on each lide one, co- AJopli". re(p~c1;s more than h,!s 'own natural·mother. ver'd :with· blue cloth: when come to the: ",,,1m. This . Makonda has very great prerogatives leopard's den, they inftancly befet it round, at cOllrt" ,none daring to controul her, even every one being ready, fome with bows in fatisfying her own unruly appetite, as and arrows, and others with lances and darts. often and ·,with whom {he .pleaCes I and what- Before the king, who ll:ands a litcle rais'd ever children {he gets by ' fuch means, are above the rell:, . they fpread long nets en- accounted of the royal race: but , if her compafs'd by the people, who, to roufe the gallants meddle with other women, they beal1:, , make feveral forts of il:range and are ; put ,to death, unlefs they make , ~heir uncouth noires, with horns, drums, {hou- efcape ' in time. ' ting, .. and the ' like; and the leopard hav- Wo,ma The , feed-time being ufually every year ing in vain tried all means to erea pe, tired 10", fix'd, from the firjl: to the fourth o( Ja- out and over-power'd with multitudes, falls nllary, all the wives of this nation, the king~s a prey to his eager purfuers. who forth~ not excepted, mufr break their lands to be with bring h!m into the plain before the fowl!\, for the fpace of about two .hours king's palace, where the hunters triumph going in:length, and ene ,hour in breadth; over the carcafswith dancing, leaping, ling- the Men being thep moil: of them : under ing, and all kinds of revelling pafrimes. Af- anns,'"and .in their befr appard, going con- terwards the king appoints divers noble- ftantly' .. ,[O, apd ,fro, .. to warn the women to men, to over fee the ll:ripping of the leopard, work, and. to take Gare that no 'v:io~ence and to bring the !kin ' -to him; but the b, dOile, t.o. any •. ; ,-,~here alfo the king !hews fle!h, together with 'the bowels, the gaJl hil!1tdf. at ,three it;l ' tbe ' afternoon, : i11 his only taken out, they bury very deepin the high~ft. )tilt~, to,en.courage theml'Jo work; . earth, that . it may noe be dug up again. andilJ the ev~ning ,tpey all eat at his charge: The .gal), which they reckon ,0 be a moll: ' fa . dlat. thofe ,days are accQunted , high venomous poifon, they cut up in the pre- fell:ivals. , . ,", fence of many, and fling into the fllidll: of Jlljlhe. Tbe ,adminiftration· of juftice, . and .. pu- a · river, ·that, nOlle l!10!.)' nuke ufe thereof rii!hing. ~of vice, feems to be ac<;ording, to to )tht; 'damage :of another. Lex 'J'alionis: for' theft is not punilb!p ,by : ! Whep; any nobleman has !hot a leopard, dea~h, except it beagEJ.i.nll:the ,king ; "other- . he, brings; i\S,a token of it, the tail to the wife the thief being taken in the,very aCt or king pn:, the , uop of A palmetto-pole, and afterwards, the things ftolen muft bf!.,made pirche$ it in ,the ~arth, without any noife p,;oo~ by him or his friends, and he expofed ' or funher ·ceremony:. , '1 '. Th,e ~«n,r.l'~f The ceremonies at the funeralofa,king the fhape of iclols, ~th~;r., .. dally by, the conjurers, With food, boIl'd ,w,th water, prwy 'h fgW~'above the uj;lpe£- without any fait; for if any faIt fhou)d ,edgeU 1,which ' they I hl~}k 'ort the our~fide ' come in or near it, the, bodies' would fol: quite' round with' white ' fl:reaks, and Il:ripe , low them openly, " ".' : it on, the top with, v,ariety of colours',':"" M erolla fays, that in the yeat 166,3 , the Orte 'of thefe idols;" fhe)i t, y, 'is jealous ;n: then king of Loango was converted to the of anoiHe!-'.; in(oiliuch; tliat When theyI1\'av.c tof" 'romifh religion, with his whole court; con- malle'one,' theY' prefenfJ¥ 'go' to'~ \,j'otk~' on 'fi(l:ing of above three hundred ' perfons, another', ~nd fevetal' ti fiWt arc 'liece!ntated 'td by father Bernardi'!f' Ungpro, who in ,the ma~e .. tl) ,a:~Yi Je~ '!th'eY ?!houlci oA.'end-fuc'h fpace of a year he hv'd there, had papnz'd as feem to be 'neglecled' ,; but fl:ill making upwards of twelve thoufand peop1e,; b~~ the their ,!ld<;Jrl!lfes 'to',all with equal indifference, father dying, and after him the ' king, arid as their' protectors 'an'd' "guardians, -, I,ft "\ a tyranc fetting upon the thron,e, ~h,e Till!: ,! T~~:~" }\ave parti,c~,fiir .rlu~erftd, in~l,u:Cl: M.~n,r .f oners loll: ground by degrees, ahd tl\e Ca. them 1'0 ' the . makmg ibete ' IdolS; anI! -:c~Il makmg congojam are all return'd to their L fbrnl,et ;fherri' 'Enganga, ot, Jdhgd 'Mbliifie! (v",h6fe ~d'I' . conditio,n, ,and the kingdom, ~~ fQ!J1e[ly; fl," r-{i "V",l " :"ila;"'rtluft , ~ ~ , . .A DES.CRI'PTION Of IBA"DOT.muft not .fpeak, and during .the whole or diabolical fpirit, having no particular ~ time, have no converfe with any-body. On name for the devil, bur calling all MokiJie, ('ach lide of his mouth he wears a parrot~s where they fuppofe an overruling power. feather, and may not clap his hands if any . And therefore even the king has the general one lalures him; but as a fign of greeting, ftile, or additional title of MokiJie Loango, Po",,, aJ- ftrikes with a fmall ftick on a block in his as a diftincton, which admirably well ex. crib'''!, hand, made floping narrow at the rap, and prelfes that unlimited power by which he the kmg. in the middle hollow, and on the end a can with a word impoveriih, enrich, hum . . man's 'head carved; of thefe ' blocks, this ble or mife, put whole countries into con- devil·hunter has three forts, of different fize.s. fulion, deftroy men, caufe rain or drought, Much more might be faid of this man- good or bad weather, transform himfeJf in- ner of . conjurations, and witchcrafts, and to any /hape whatfoever, and many more .of other ridicllious and impertinent ftories fuch like abfurdities invented by their Gan- of men polfeffed by the devil by conju- ga MokiJies or priefts, to ftrike an awe in- ·tations; and the way of driving the devil to the people, not only in favour of the out of 'them, as alfo of all their various in- king, but even of rhemfelves as MokiJies. junctioils of forqidding to ufe this or that To inftance in one of their idols, Likokoo meat, or this or that liquor, or this or that MokiJie is the chiefdl of them, being a fort of garments, which thefe poor wretches' wooden image, carv'd in rhe /hape of a obferve as exaCtly as Recabiles; ·making it man fitting, at Kinga, a town near the fea- Power of an article of the higheft faith, that when coaft, where they have a common burialc an ,Jol a lvlokijie is offended, or when injunctions place. They have a thouG1nd ridiclllou~ .or promifes made to him are not fully per- rhimes concerning this L ikokoo; as that he form'd, he has 'power to kill. Bur I for- preferves from death, that he faves from bear adding more on that head, for fear of hurt by Doojes, as they call forcerers; that he becoming too tedious. makep the dead rife out of their graves i~ If a man at any time comes into a haufe, the night, and forces them to labour, help- and lits down unawares upon the corner of ing to catch fi/h and to drive canoes in the a bed, where a man and a woman have water, and in the day forces them to their Jain together, as foo~ as he is told of his graves again; with many more fuch fictions, fault, he muft go inftantly to a fniith, who which the old folks make the young believe, co\nmonly fits with his tools in the open and imprint in them from their infancy. . air, and tell him the caufe of his coming; The lords or great men in the country he then blows up a fire, and taking him are alfo reputed to have their /hare of Mo- Of lora,: by the little finger of his left hand, turns kiJies, which makes them honour'd and it over his head; then ftriking two or three efteem'd by the people; and they have ftrokes with his hammer, and blowing with more or lefs of it, according to their degree his mouth upon his hands put together, he of power, and their nearnefs to or diftance pronounces fame words with a loud voice, from the king. wherewith the fault unwittingly committed According to their Mokifie rules, the Oijer1iAn~ is c1eans'd . . This ceremony they call Vempa king's lifter's fan, whilft he is an infant, lives ces. Momba, that is, a purifica~ion, or a be- at Kina, and is forbid hog's flelh; when paft nediction. his infancy, he is to relide at Moanza, and Their All priefts or conjurers, that is, their pro- to eat no Cola in company. Cola is a fruit . pritJls. phets and divines, are call'd Ganga, or I have defcrib'd in the account of Guinea • Ganga Mokifie; each of them having his par- As foon as t~e down appears upon his cheeks, ticular denomination, as Ganga 'l"hiricko, he is put to the Ganga Simega, a famous Ganga Boeh Balla, Ganga Kyzokoo, Pan/a prieft, who teaches him he is to eat no pul- Pongo, MallJi, &c. and innumerable other lets, but what he kills and d relfes himfelf. fuch names, either given to, Qr affum'd by Afterwards as he advances towards the roy- them from the MokiJie they lerve ;. and each al diadem, he obliges himfelf to ot.her forts GalJi,a is drefs'd after a feveral manner, and of abftinence and ceremonies; till being practifes different ceremonies, which are afcended the throne, he gives a full 100fe faid to ,be as com ical, as ridiculous and apilh. into all the ocean of Mokifies and obfer- What Mo- By the word MokiJie, they mean a natllfal vances . •k ilie i,. fuperftition and firm perfualion they have of They here circumcife all the-males, mere- Circumc;, fomerhing to which they afcribe an invifible ly out of cuftom ; being able to give noji"• . power, in working good to their advan- other rea fan for fa doing, than that it is of tage, or evil to their prejudice and detri- ancient ufage, and has been deriv'd to them ment, or from which they expect to learn from one generation to another for many the knowledge of P'lft or future things·; ages. 'which induces [orne authors to fay, it ,can- Th~ moft . comnion and general weapons f.fl'ta om. not be properly call'd idolatry in them; be- of the Loangtans, are bows and arrows, and P caufe they have no knowledge of any deity, javelins. · DESCRIP· the 'Lower Ethiopia, 479 of /be Kingdom of Their weapons, for they love Wal', are SA RDOT. DESCRIPTION ANSIKO . I l110rt wooden bows, cover'd with divers ~ T reaches on the fouth to the territories colour'd fnak es-fkins, fa that they rcem to .11m". of Sunde, SOllgO, and Congo, and on the be made of one piece; which they do to north to Nubia. The inhahitants are 'Of Itrengthen, and that thty may hold th em two fortS, Allzikos or AI/zinguis, and Ja}.os. t;,lter in their hands. They make thefe ProJI/{/. There grow in it two forrs orfandal wooiror bows of a kind of rough black canes, which f.1ndets, viz. Red c~ll'd '['awilla; and white prove very lafting and fe rvicea ble. The Zikmgo; with which laft, being the beft, arrows are Olort, light and thin, made of beat~h to,Powder, and mixt with palm· oil, hard wood, which they commonly hold to- the IIlhabltants anoint their bodies, for the gether with the bow in their hands; in the prefervanon of hea lth . They have riCh ufe whereof, they are fa dextrous, that copper mines, with whofe metal they fur- they can difcilarge twenty eight arrows, be- tJiOl the kingdom of Kongo. The woods fore the lirlt {;i!ls to the ground, and kill a breed lions, and many o ther bealts, tom- bird flying. ' They llfe . Ifo a fort of pole- man wIth L oallgo. axes, whofe handle having a knob at the Nati"". The natives in ge nera l are a nimble, active, end, is cover'd with [nakes O,ins. The head and wcll-Olaped people, climbing the crag~ Olines very bright, being, falten'd in \ the gy mountains with notable agility. wood with copper pins, and like thofe in They take little care for their li ving, and llfe formerly among us, has at one end a \lt,iI.!lthe reft of ftraw, very neatly !arion of the Condeans, are found , ff'h.ilc, wr?ught: , ~,~dodgings, 9,ining-rooms, g'll-' people, with long hair; but not altoge.th~r, lenes, and ptherapartments, are hung after fo white as the Europeans. Some of :them. t,he EuropetPJ manner, with mats, of an ex- were taken in the country of , Sogno; ,~(ld quifite curiofity. Within the innermoft fence prefenred to a miffioner friar, who beftowed, a;e fome gardens,plenteolll1yf tored with va- j them again on the PortugueJe governor of r1ety~f. herbs, ~nd planted with feveri\I , Loanda, not many years ago" ," ' Ii forts of tree~: within thefe again are fome P,ngo The fourth province, ', ftiled Pango,!' has bal)qu~til'lg-hqufes, whofe building, though province, 'Sundo on the north; Balta 011 the follth ;, ' mean and (light, is by them efteem'd rich Pembo, the dwelling,place of the king, on and co(Uy. , " the weft; and the mountains of the fun on In the city there ar~ ien or eleven Ch,mh. - '-' the eaft, The head city feated on , the; ch~rches, that is, one great one, being the/ • weftern (hore of the river Barbele" was for- chief of all ; then the [even lamps church; merly caWd Panguelongos, but ~t prefenr, the conception; the church of the viCl:ory or Pallgo; heretofore free, but nowac)mow-, trivmph? a, fifth, dedicated to Sr, James; ledging the king of Congo, whofe , prot~c- ~fiJCth , to St. Anthony; and a feventh to" tion they crav'd againlt the incurfiqlJs ,and, St,., John. T.he other three il:and within the ' inroads of their neighbours. ., ,1 , court:walls; viz. the churches of the Holy Ealt of Pango, beyond the riY,er ,Zair, Ghoft, of St, Michael, and St, JoJeph. which is there call'd Coanga, are ,thy p1ar- :rhe jefuits ha~e a college, Where, they Jeji,iIJ; quifates of Cama, and of Cuno Pango ; ,and dady teach and mftruCl: the Blacks 10 the .- fouthward of thefe, the kingdom of. F',un- chriftian faith, in an eafy and winning me- geno, where the Portuguefe trade fo~ ,ftuffs thod. , and bark. ' , There are alfo fchools, where youth are I'cmho /' The lord(hip of Pembo ftands as it Were in, brought up, and taught the Latin and Portu- ["'JUp, the middle of the whoie", encompaffed by guefo tongues. all the reft; and contains the head city of ,: All thefe churches, and other publick the kingdom of Congo, formerly by the ftruCl:ures, ,except the jefuit's college, have Blacks called Banza, that is, head; !Dur at the foundations of fione, but cover'd with prefel'lt by the PortugueJe, San Salv~dor; ftraw, and very meanly provided with uten- and by Marmol, Ambos-Congo. , It ftands fils for celebrating divine offices, about the middle of Congo, on a very , high There are alfo two fountains, one in St. mountain, eigh t and thirty Dutch miles, lor, James's ftreer, and the other within the walls as others write, fifry Italian miles from ,the ,of the court, both yielding good fpring- fea; 'fouth-eaft from the ' mouth of the'river water. ' Zair; and delightfully , !haded with palm" ', A,fmail river, or rather a branch of Le- tamarind, Bakovens, Colas, lemons and IUl'!de, c~lI'd VeJe, affording very good and orange 'trees; ", well-rafted water,' flows at the foot of the The top of the mountain .Dtreiro yields a mountain clofe by the city, to the great be- curious profpeCl: of all the adjacent places, nefir of the inhabi tants; for from thence the at a great diltance, both weft and north, naves, both men and women, fetch wate~' without any interpofing ftop to the eye. " daily to ferve the town, The adjacent fields Cily of This (own has neither inclofure nor wall, by this river are made very pleafant and Congo, except ~ little on the fouth fide, ,which 'the fruitful, and therefore the citizens have all firft king built, and afterw3!rds gave rhat , their gardens upon its banks. What cattle ,part to the PortugueJe to inhabit fori (reir" they have, are kept ' for the moft part in the conveniency. The royal palace i¥ furround- dty; as hogs and goats, a few 'iheep, but ed with walls~ an,d between it and t~e t?,wn no cows, which lie at night in fences joining' is a great pia tn, 111 the m ldft of wh lCh they to their h6ufes. have ereCl:ed a beautiful church: l1oblembn's The rivers which water this kingdom, RiVet" _ houfes and others fill up the top of It he fi'om north to fouth, are firlt, Rio de las Bor- mountain; for every grandee [eteks his renas-Roxas, that is, the river of red- I' dwellings as near the court as he rna}'! be fand; another, at whofe mouth lies a ftreet, permitted, and with his retinue takes up as caU'd in PortugueJe, Boca de las Almadias, or much ground, as an ordinary town ,m~y be the gulf of canoes. built on. Here '-'.; t~e LoWet '~-Etll[opln. :Here "lie three iOands; the grea'feft:' arid ' Fr~m 'this: gfeat :bod{~bnch out many BA)tBOT. b:,ddlemoO: of them. Inhabited; and I prol'\ fmall "o/i'ef!"to 'the ' great ~onveniency of the ,v y'V vlded With a COl1vehlent.' havert cfor<'frriatF nat,iv~~ arid f.~'rdgrl' ~ra~~rs;,' who pars a lo,ng ' barks; but the other without peo'pI~, :' I\arc'~ them Iljl ,ib'9ats "from, Ollc [Own to another. , bouring' only beaO:s. ' ,], , -" ,I'/., "i? , The: ifla,nas ,'Bdm11la ' and ~Iillialla lie, in TO"the fouthward of ,t he fe, iS "tKe grea:tl th~;' ni?,u'tli, 6nhis riyer, and oth~;s~,ig~,er , rive~' Zlli,.; w,hieh, accordingJ'to 'PigaJ,!iaw ufl, exce~a ,hg 'full of people, who "rebel- , denves Its onglnal from'; three lal{es% (Jtn~l l ing a.l~h'i~~ ' t,he ']{In~' 'of COllgO, hav~ fe~ ' ~p.: firlt, by the farl1e allthon and btherslleritiJ pel:ulinr -lbids of theircnvh, " tied Zambrc; the {econd. Zair; ant! 'tiie thiri:!! That>~f'.8o~nma; tlib'" well inhab ited;'(hews Bomma a great lake, out of wllicn' the LcltIAtlH"ahd' few or no houfes, becaufe of the moraffi -iJland. Coanza,rivers run, ButZ'",',lI";, ' , tice of the pretended 'lake of Zambrc, -whence They have no 'niarringe-ceretnony; but thofe ancienter geographers perfuade ~s ' tbe men and women 'make ule of one another, river Zair flows, They lay it down 'tlicre, as their HfeCl:id~s or lufts lead tliem; mix- penetrating with many wihdings, eaft horth; ing ' merely. 'l,ike beaft's without ~ny' fo le'rn- eaft, as far as the town of Pango, iII itbout nity I fof they khllW nbthing of chaftity, nine degrees of eaO: latitude from the me- but dIke as ma~y concubilies as they 'pJeafe: ridian of London, wnere it changes its name however, 'the firft, as eldeft, has 'the 'com- into that of Coanga, ' and is carried on inland mand hnd fuperiority over all the reft: '.;' . eaft: fouth-eaft, betwixt the marquifates bf In the iOand fi(yinlaila, is an idol" macle Quintana Cama and Cuno Pango, the kingdom of of'money, which n'one dare approach, butY'·nd. Fun~eno, \vhere the POYlugueje traile for the feivants or miniO:er appointed to at- fluffs and bark, and the territories of Melicos te~d,l'and : take care ,to fecure the way to and Jagos, to the twenty ninth degree of the it from being difcover'd; themfelves being fame eaft long itude, in the fame parallel as obliged as often is they go thither, to take Coanza and Cuncni rivers, to the fouth of a pecl11iar' path that no other may find. it; but does not determine its courfe "farther M ;tny kings and people {acrifice to thi~ up in the kingdom of Nomeamalc and Mo- idol, efpecially in Iicknefs, feveral of their nocmugi, where very probably thefe rivers moft coftly and highcft-priz'd goods; which have their fource. none are permitted to make ufe of, but by 'tairr;"tr. The river Zair falls into the fea through length of time decay or rot: fo,: as foon a'mouth,. three leagues in breadth" in five as they are dedicated, tne attendant carries degrees and forty minutes of fouth lati tude, them irito a great plain, where the idol and with {uch force and abundance of water,. ftands; (urrounded with a wa ll , of elephants that the O:ream running out weft north-weft, teeth, inftead of ftone, and there hanging prevails upon the fea-waterfor above twelve ,upon poles they remain ' till they are ' qu ite leagues; and when you are out of fight of rotten : The iiland of Zariacacongo lies nearelt land, the water appears black and , full of to the dominions of Sogno, and was yielded heaps of reeds, and other things, like little up by the former king o,f Cacongo, brother- floating iilands, which the force of the in-law to the count of SOg!IO, who har;! flream, falling from the high cJifts, carries marry'd his fiO:er to that prince, 01\ Cori- away out of the country, and cafts iilto the dition he Ihou ld embrace the chriO:ian re- ocean: fa that Chips, without a ftiff gale of ligion ; but that king foon after died; about wiDd, cannotfailupitintotheroad, within -the year 1685, The iiland is none of the cape Padron, ' on the fouth fide' of the fmalleft, and lies in the midfl of the ' rive.r river. . Zair. 184 4.q~¥~~~~r,r:\Q}~ ,pro B~~jlo~, ,~Jfiri " :~t ~b,P.?P.P~i !*,,\t\.~l.l. fSH¥ R~)PIiO- byllf!!-4uunning 1;lqtw~~!1· . Zt!iran~ .. 41/t· Leluade " Y.lqp~,s,,}lll:~, g~~\\t-, PJlrJ;lR}r§lsf ,},n~,aR.\Sam§ ,i! brb., i IW~ ', i~ hell.Q "lpriBg in the fame lak~ ri."". I~ Jd'l\i¥~.l Gda\s}'Ii!;!j?;1).tf~'~~9B ,!l;pq~~ :~h~ lV}\~~r ~ I "'iW ,Co(w;za or. 1~ !lJ1fli!l; fo pa,ffing dof~ an. 1 ",W}" h .! r~ffi I. t~tJ 'hWgpom, ,~~ ,C,o'.'!M.. ) nuhe Xqp~,9.~ Jhs:. mQul)t~in where the royal b,r. U11Xer t9.Y$r, "'1~\C,h \J,~.I1\·,e ,ls, eillMfdg<;-t city St. Salvador frands,; run~ ~own frolll : 1)\~! WM\~er,~ ~aYF, ')?F~iy,qla.; hr8g~,; a!)gJ th~Jl.Sy ~\ w)tP; m~~Yl<}Vin~iogs; . wdt north- Chlff,?ffi~Cnr~, .s~8,feR , .1:1}'; P/i~f,t' >rf;.o,!''iYJ!. ~ ~~TJ whfi: ~.f?/, tPt<., fe~, ,il!!,~.',1IIhH;h ,It' f"lJ$ with ~ v~r,at;r9. I e,r- ~v~r~ 'Y~tq:nFJ!~r, , fi;mfl.!}Hi ~Tl ik8ng i£~HeJ)t,; I Pl\~ I !n ,the fllmmer,cQ thai" creafe t e fwellmg ' S4r~~l}tJlf; ,thf '11~tf}5c; r l~'fu t~3j~, iFJljS 1I<;)'~ palf~bl~ jJ,1y,e(iel~ <;>f any . .Jl\\i1P.P~lm-j!lent,a~t:, T:[,1Ilq~e, . f3.~ff.nlfJzr.e" ~nd' qy,i~~I1; ' }h~ . B!a,cktJreqlleJ,1t i~ ",jth canoe;, , f1ffir~!!r' l " "j'" J ,' .'" I c:Jlpr/I", : ,YVh~c/) ! !~ : ,.next, hes JI? fi" l de- ~mbri$ g,J,'.1fl, ,fl\d I.9[es )tftlf on :Jlr,e J',a\5iJiPy .r.f'.f ~i;;~ Jp9FF )~tl\UJj.~ ;' I~ ,a" great nv~r ,and rIver. £:f/J,T., I' !, '" fI'", ,,,.,1 ,,'!I f!:!ll:,o'( ,}iih, Qut(pdW illt rhe entra,nee/, y~t Brankare ,; P:rill1farc,3!! Pigffpt{{i; ,o..r 1J.(lnfrtfr.~'JM $q- B<},q;1,J?ly' ,~n.qllgh [qr.fmij!I .boats" It .has the river. nu/US call~ , I,tl ,h,'!-s , IS~ .or}&i,n,~l jiqli\! .f'l-/Ile f~mh;or:igl!la.l wi.h J-e/t/lldt, flmfling J\otfl\r ~.\wn.tjl'i~l a~;d ~f\er ~ )oqg £9\lr\~, ,~irShilrges ff(lm i ~!, §a!v~«or.,; , the ,wa.,tet reems muddy, lt~ Wln?wg frreaw In,tqthe, (e,~, fHs the S'\f!~'~ ;9Yd Jr~ fwi~tgefs ,of the frream, on rtW.f ,~'f,~uius; bljt Pigqjd,t'h from :th\i)J1~9r- "Y))Qg~ , ~a/)k begin~ )the .duk~dom of Bamba. ~~,t,\9/JI 10f: A1:'ffr~ L.op~'{-) ayer,~ It. mlngl,s ,, 1:'~irty · rnil~s up ~hi~ river is a ferry, when· A;;'1' Vl'i\lh, *r" Z"url :f?n \~~ - eil1t~rly.b~r~er~ ,9(, e.v~ry ,trFe,lJer (or'..h,is ,paffage over, mull l}qf!f,.9,; ~gt far fr(1,? , t.~,d9IOjt . 9tJhr n~fyl.j:ql p~y JFle!S~it) tq)) ~ the,)(ing of Congo. On lHlli!.nt~Hh ' " ,~, "II .' 'I.'" (he fOllth banksofi( are many people, .who Barbel. f,:f he;, .r}v.~r par:p,e!~l f9. i.c~J.1'fI' ,by M!nJFhq- g~,t thllir IRTin{!; 'qy mftkjng f.lt of feiJ"water, river. qlJ~ a,9.9 V~::pe!{ , ~l .fil,t(ft!!f' f,priqgs tjqm b9jgd)J.l, qnh,e~PQts" anq proves grey ar.~ ~ l~ky? ~hl.ch tP,~ fa,,?}1 ' If,lttI:.or,faW y,mft\<,es ~~9.dy ~ j ygt they .ca.rry . ~no P a",bq, and fe~ t¥. JI{,!p to ~p'w f[qm,.1, aft~F J~ri~r" iF lliPRFs, v$r~l \l~lm p)~c,es, lIrJ.d .4riV!; II great .trade throu~h the lake Aqullunde,,~l)sl, paiH'1g .Py, \Yi):~ ,if; " I " '. , thrl P,\Y, R( l'(ln~,:o'li!~~I~rg,~ tN: ~a;r,I!w"It\1 ,,_ li,!!~l/kffl(l!mp.'flri j~, .th_e ne~t, yvhofcJ be- Enkoko;, tl1~~adltJ'oI? , 9f, !t~ :f~,t~S., , 1'.1 1(,: !!.', ginnjl!g :. j~J.,tll)lq)QN{l)ro EUr.QPMnI" ."andq.uematarl C~P' Pa- ' S,9,uth~ara ; 9f ~h,e : Il)BuJh ,~f ;i F.h~ pryr, tpi wiwj,e)p' J\ rp~Jll!~r Qf no 'u(e; greadlat$"'>er. drao. ~4fr.. ~ 00,ots, qp~, a pr.~l!10ntqry,! .c~!V:d)11 4{ld , r.~I)c!~j (J;qpping up ~h.¢ m,ouFh, [0 that P,Qt;ffl.~¥'ife Cif1JP, ;aa ' ~fier,~p"/rAin. . ~ fmllll if will ppt, R~it a [mall poat, and within Co ~li~FP~I p,n,4 ~ cro,~ ~heUle,¢j:ed ,'t11 it ' ~~qve f~~nty;: of W,~ter, t/1y,a~ map " !i;t/~~; [~arpn, :ViZ: M.ar{h, Apnl and May, over- kO'lu~i!1iftar;i or Serra 4e !Janbfl 9Y th~ ~"m~ ; - flow,s w.ith ~he viol~nce of irs frream, and Lor,e. 0, Loza, Onza or 'Zanza, Libo1/ge ,0. '!Qrmtimes carric~ away much of the earth [.qlo'lgo, 'pa11da. o,r Da!1d" !l.r J)en4;" <\.l}cj pp 9Jli [Ide, which either joins again on (he J!~n&q. ' , ," :" I 9cl}er,. ;o~ elCc. is dJiven into the fea. The the Lower,',Ethiopia. ofonl. The wintel' there bears almoll: an equal ferent fbrts of wine . diftin gl1 ifh i d among BARnOT. temper witb our fummer, fa that the peo- then;! by, peculiar : nam es, as Meltlffo, Em- """"'" pl~ alter nothmg of their apparel, nor re- balla, 'l'amgra, Maneba, Mallecba, BordOlli. qlllre the warmth of fire at that [eafon of The wine of grapes they call Me/affo Mcm- tbe year; for the difference between win- PflUO ; the E",balla wine is very refrcf11ing. ter and fum mer is .rcar~e difcernable, only There are alfo cola-trees, which the inha" that tbe All', when It rams, is a little cooler; bitants chew as the [ndim1J do Beteie. The but the wet feafon once pall:, the hea t is al- trees call'd Ozegbes yield a fruit like yellow moll: intolerable, efpecially two hours before plums, delightful in fmell and del icious in and after noon. I tafte I and with the branches ,they make The winter commences in mid-March, . fences, pallih,does and arbors, to n,el ter and the fummer in September; in the for- them from the fcorching beams of the fun; mer the great rains begin and continue, nor do they want melons, cucumbers and March, Apnl, May. JUlle, July and AiI- citrons 1 common and china-oranges of an g"ft, during which time they have fcarce a extraordinary bignefs, and pleaG'nt tall:e, clear day; lefs rain in September and No- and feveral fans of pulle. The millioners vember. The fLimmer, as has been faid, is ex- in Bamba cultivate in their convent's gar- ceeding hot and dry. The year of thefe dens all thofe forts that arc common ill Ethiopiam commences with their winter, in Br(/zii, be fid es thofe ,peculiar to Africk and March. Their month is lunar, and th e Ellrope, g rapes, fennel, cardoons or thif· feven days of the week are dill:inguifh'd by ties; all forts of f~lletting, gourds, and '. -~ven markets, held fuccefli vely at feve ral many other forts; but no pears, apples, places; but they do not know how to reckon nuts, or fuch like fruit, as require 0 cold the hours of a day. climate. The land·winds ·on this coaft and AII- The fhore of the riv er LeIt/lldc, going to - eola, are eaft north-eaft, the fea-winds weft St. Salvador, is beautify'd with abund ance louth-well:. of cedars, which the ignorant people make This country from the feveral rivers; has no other acco unt of than to make canoes great ftore of water; fa tlut the inhabi- and fire-fuel. ' tants are very curious in their choice of it : Caffia Ftjlula and other drugs, fit forthe ufe for they will not drink the nearell:, but the of apothecaries; alfo tamarinds, which grow , frefheft and beft, as appears by thofe of plentifully, and have the repute at being a St. Salvador, who make no ufe of luch as good remedy in fevers. the adjoining plains afford them; but caufe In the towns near the fea, they have their naves to fetch it from the fountains, ftore of k idney-beans, by them call'd Ca- a l ittle lower on the north-fide. zalaza, millet and poultry, which the Eng- The lands in the rainy feafon, by the lifo, Netherlallders, " and other traders . buy muddinefs of the water, are made eXcee- ' for Simbo-cloths, little look in g-g laffes, and ding fruitful, and fit to bring forth .a ll other trifles. manner of things. But from November till In Balllba, a province of Congo, and therec.1II1{. the latter end of March there falls not efpecially, they have good ftocks of cattle, . a drop of rain, which makes the ,foil very viz. rows, oxen , fwine and goats ; befldes dry and hard. plenty offowl, as turkeys, hens, ducks, wild- Batta The dukedom of Balla, and others lying hens of a delicate fl eO" anel ged;'. The d" kid,,,,. round about, have a fat and fertile ground, elephants breed ing there in numerous droves, affording all manner of provifions. , g row to an extraordinary bignefs, info- Pern"o The territory of Pembo, efpecia lly about much that fame of their-teeth have weigh'd "',ito,y, St. Salvador, becaufe of the frefh and fe- abovf 'two hundred weight . In the Congo rene air, abounds in rich paftmes, arid pro- language they call fueh a tooth Mene Man- duces many flourifhing and thriving trees. zo ; and a young elephant l',;foane Manzo. Here grows a kind of grain, by the natives The elephant, if we may believe the Eleph.nll. call'd L uko , not unlike our rye, but fmaller: Blacks; do not cafl: their teeth; they hunt this they grind into meal with hand-mills, them with.Jances and darts, making a double and make bread of it. ..: advantage of them as merchandize and food; ProJuil. There is alfo abundance of millet, which many {curfed or hollow teeth are found in the Black; call Mazza MaJlputo, or Portu- the ' )'loads, which are decayed by lying guefe corn; as alfo Indian wheat, where- many ,years in the rain and wind. I This with they fat their hogs; and rice in '{ueh corpmodity, by reafon of the infinite quan- plenty that it hardly bears any price., , , tity brought from ,thence within thefe , fifty Lemmons and pOOle-citron trees grow in or fix"ty years, begins to grow fcarcer, and every corner, bearing fruit of 0 plea{anG and they are fain to fetch them farther out of brifk tafte; olfo bananas, dates, cocoa-nuts,. the cammy. 'and palm-trees, producing two or three ,dif- VOL, V. 'The ADESCRIPT,lON of BAUDOT, The 'elephant when {huck witha lance or no harm to the inhabitants. They are red- ~ javelin" will ufe all means to affault and hair'd, have fmall /lender bodies, and their kill the perfo n that wounded him; but as tails turn up on their backs like grey- if it would teach the" beaftly Blacks hu- hounds.' Merolla. manity, neither eats the body, nor infuhs ' The buffalo, in the language 0f the BNjf.l.,,; over it : ' bUE making a hole with his ~eeth coull try , call'd Empakaffe, has a red /kin in the ground, throws it in, and covers the and black horns, of which the inhabitants place aga,in with earth, and boughs of. Frees. make 'mufical inftruments. It is a mif- Therefore the hunters, when they have "l0un- chievous beaft, and dangerous to be hun- ded an elephant, hide themfelves for a while, ted, efl'ecially after they are iliot, if not and then follow at a diftance, till being right {huck; wherefore the huntfmen, who weakened with lofs of blood, they I dare mean to ihoot one, firft chufe out a fe" draw nearer and kill the beaft. Thofe Iflacks cure place, where they may not fear the know not how to take elephants alive, as furious affaults of the enrag'd creature. they do in the Eafl-Indies. '. I. The Ileih of it is very grofs and llimy, Killing if In the country of Sogno, ' when the ele- yet the llaves eat freely of it cut in llices , ,lephRn:s, phants are together in a herd, the hunter and dry'd. , There breeds in the woods an- anointing himfelf all over with their ~ dung, other creature, feldom to be found elfe- Z b gets in dexteroully wIth his lance in his hand where; they call it Zebra, in ihape like af",~ft'6"fI. ,among them, and creeps about under thei'r mule, with a Ikin ftriped ; on the head and bellies, till he has an opportunity to (hike over the whole body, white, black, and _---··- one of them under the ear, which is the belt bluiih: they are very wild and fwift, hard tc ' place to bring them down. The ftroke be- be taken alive, and when taken, more diffi- ing given, he immediately makes his efcape, cult to, be tamed; though the Portugueje before the elephant can · turn about to rc- fay, that fame years fince ~hey fent four venge himfelf. The other elephants de- of them to Portugal, for a prefent to the ceiv'd by the fmell of the dung, take lefs king, who ufed them for a coach, and re- notice of his roaring; and thus the reft ,of warded the perfo n who brought them over the herd w~lking on, and forfaking their with ' the notaryll1ip of Angola, to him and wounded companion, leave him a prey to his heirs; , but the whole is a fable. the fuccefsful hunter. 'If the elephant pur- Empalanga is a great beaft like an ox, hav- Empalan; fues him, he eafily makes his efcape by ing two horns, and very favoury meat; they gao ' dodging, becaufe the beaft cannot turn fa are of feveral colours, fame brown, others, nimbly. red, and fome white, w. t if The natives diftil a water from the bones En'Voeri is a great beaft like a ftag, with Envaeri. th~i:;o;es, of the elephants legs, which is reckon'd ve- two horns. ry good againft afthma's, fciatica's, or'any . The Maleoko differs little from :i horfe in Makaka, cold humours.' , blgnefs, but has long and flender legs, a Their ,ails Some Blacks o-C thofe parts, a,nd pa:t~cu- long gray neck, with many white iinall ,vorJMP'd, larly the Giaghi, pay a certam religiOUS ftripes, and on his head long iliarp horns worihip to the elephants tail; for when their wreath'd below; the dung of this creature lords or fovereigns die, they commonly is like that of a iheep. preferve one of thofe tails in memory of Tygers in the Congoijh language call'd Tygers, ,him, on which they beftow a fort of adora- Engri, never hurt the Whites; fa that when tion, on account of the creature's great they meet a White and a Black together, ' ''- ''", ftrength, :rhey often go a hunting only they will affail the Black, and let the White for the fake of cutting off thofe tails, but it pafs ' unhurt; therefore the king of Congo muft be perform'd at one ftroke, and from has appointed a reward for thofe that kill a living elephant, or.'elre they do not rec- them, and bring their Ikin, with this pro- kon it has any virtue. ' " vifo, that the hair of the lips remain upon . The Blacks in Congo' turn ' the elephants them, becaufe they account them a mortal J,:Z 1:e, out o( their way by firing fame hurs,or poifon., the 'fi'elds, for thofe creatures take anoth~r " The leopards generally prey upon cattel, Leopards way when they fee the fl~me. 'J, (0 do the lions, bllt they are not fo cruel as and lions. There are no lions, tygers nor wolves, in the tygers, ' nor fa much dreaded; and tho' / the country of SoglIO, or if any be feen, ' it there are abundance of lions in Congo, yet is a ' great accident, -eho' , there are enough the people are not fa much terrified and , in the neighbouring parts; but ther~ ' is a mole!l:ed by them, as they' are by the ty- W/lditogs, fort of wild-dogs, which ,go out to hunt gers or' leopards. They fcare away lions, in great ' ~u~bers, 'and furioully fet upon _ by fetting, fire to parcels of ihrubs ·and any elephant; or other wild 'beaft they meet weeds; when they fpy any at a dlftance a- with, and never fail to kill it, tho' never bout the country, as they traveL " fa ,many of them be ddboy'd in [he nt- _ ! The ;!i?Jltlmbmgo, or wolves, are very nu- Wolves, tempt : thofe dogs, tho' wild, do little or merOllS, have a thick head and neck, ai, &c. moft ., the Lower)Ethiopia. n~oll: like the wolves in Ellrope, but much nay, they bear fuch an antipathy to it, that BARBOT; bigger? .grey headed, fpeckled with black they will not couch any thing out of that ~, fpots lIke the tyger, but much more ill-fa- POt where their fle!h has been boil'd, nor vour'd; foxes, ftags, deer, conies and hares come into the place where the fire 'was that fwarm in incredIble multitudes, becauf~ drefs'd it, nor lay th eir hands on any wea- they are never hunted as here with us. pon wherewith it was aain; yet can give Civet-catJ. Civet-cats the Blacks catch, and tame no other reafon for it, but that the fle!h fo r their perfume. is'their fi0iflilla, that is, a food prohibited B.A'IJ"'. The territory of Balta afl'ords many among them by authority and ancient cuf- beavers, whofe (kins ate of great value, one [O,m, by ' tradition delivcr'd from hand to of them being as dear as a !heep; fo that hand, ' by their fore-fathers: fol' they firmly ,none is fufl'er'd to wear them without the and undoubtedly believe, that if they alOuld king's licence firft obtain'd. do the contrary, they alOuld not on ly be Apes and wild-cats are very tro~blefome lame in their bodies, but 'their fingers and by their numbers, efpecinlly in Songo by toes would rot ofr. the river Zair, ' La!1:ly, bears, faxes, wild cows call'd In Congo the large monkeys or apes are Ca ,Dajfa, and goats, frequent the woods, and call'd Mocchacos, and the little ones Sagoris. fome of them infinitely damage the people. StrP,"" , There is a multitude of mon(hous fer- , Befides thefe variety of quadrupedes, they pents, commonly twenty five foot long, or have many forts of wing'd animals; as, more: one fort of which they call Boma ; Fir!\', peacocks, ' which none but the Pe.cocks , tnother fort, which kills with its tail, Em- king only may' have; and he keeps them bambi. In the ways to Singa many travellers with great care in indofed woods, upon the are devoured by a fort of ferpents, common borders of Angola. in thofe partS, which they meet on the They have two forts of partridges, tame Pnrrridt"_ . roads, as M erolla reports, and adds, that it and wild ;' as alfo pheaf~nts, pigeons, turtle- once happen'd, that a perfo n being thus af- doves, eagles, falcons, vultures, merlins, faulted by one of thefe prodigious ferpents, fparrow-hawks, pellicans, green and red had by a lufty ftroke of a cymeter cut him parroquets, cranes, ftorks with red bills in two, but not yet kill'd, the enrag'd mon- and red legs, and half white and hal f black fter lay upon the catch among the thick feathers. As t9 {parrow-hawk s, they are ig- bullies; and foon after two perfons palling norantof the ufe we make of them in Eu- by, it immediately craw I'd out, wounded rope .! ' as it was, and feized upon them, devouring There are abundance more of very beau- them almoft whole; but at laft a number tiful birds of feveral colour~, green, red, of men coming to the place with mulkets, yellow, and fome the fin eft of all, being fent fo many bullets into the monl1:er's body, ElhiJpian parrots, with white fcat hers, and that they kill'd it . The natives eat orthe black fillets, looking like the fcales of fiO, ; fle!h of ferpents very heartily, chopping their tail; eyes, 'beak and feet, of die co- ofl'the head and tail, and throwing away the lour of ' fire, The'fe parrots will talk li ke entrails. l thofe of f3razil, but are rarely bl'ought into In this country they have alfo a fort cif Europe; the hens they call Coriras, the cocks crocodiles, which they call Alacardo. EllguJ!u. ' ' Wild-boars, by them call'd Etngalo, or ' There are alfo owls, which they call Car- Engulo, may be feen here, with tWQ great jainpembti" that is, devils, becaufe their ap- tufks, wherewith they tear violently: the pearing prefages iII-lucK. Blacks ftand more in fear of them than any , They ,have two forts of bees, one that Bm. other beal1:, and if they do but hear it, ' will hives in the woods, in hollow trees; and the make away with all poffible fpeed~' The 6ther in the roolls ' of houfes , filings of their teeth, which the Pol;lugueft The pifmires bt- ~nts, by them call'd [11- Pilmires. highly e(\:e~m, and are very fddom 'gotten, gingie, are :of four ' forts, the biggeft have taken in fome liquor, are reputecl i 'PQwer- !harp ftings, with which they raife fwellings ful antidote againft poifon ; the teeth them- upon men, 'the ' other' three are fomewhat felves rubb'd againft a ftone,andadminifter'd fmaller. It is incredible 'what trouble and in a little water, are an infallible cure for damage ' thefe lit tle infects occalion to the an ague. ' They fay, this beaft,. wh~n lick! natives, as I lliall her~;\.fter obferve. recover~ its health by fa rubbmg Its teeth , Enfingic is h little 'beaft, with a ikirl upon a ftone, and licking with its tOl)gue. fpeckled black and grey. Roe.b"ck" Roebucks, call'd Golungo, ' breed 'nere 'a- , '!'he, Entigint~io, a fmall cre~ture, } ~ery .Ajlrant. bundantly, but no bigger than !heep, , of a cUrJouny ' !1:rea~ d; aender bodied, WIth a",at"". brown colour, with fome white fpecks, ,and fine tail and legs, hever comes upon .the two !harp little horns: feveral of the' Blatks earth, fo.r ,the very touch therebf proves kill and eat them, but the Cong~ian~ 1 and mortal to it, th~n:fore' I{eeps in the trees, .dmbandes will by no meanS tafte their fte!h ; and has always twerlty blick-hair'd creatutes, call'd ~ARBo~·, .call'dEmbiI, attending,it ;tb,atis, ten qefore~ p~yioux",and a volubility of fpeech, be- ~ and. tell behind. They tak~ th~ teq , (i.r~' in yqnd thqfe, that live ,on .t he north fide of the Cnares; and then the ten behind make their Zair. :(" . .' , 1\ efcape, by which means the i anifI!a1.b\:i-~av',d:, , ';fhe people of Bamba are reckoned the7l'lIVrllinl. of irs guard is alfo take.n. " , ' ,: ; I ',: " beft f9ldiers. The gentry of Bamba travel The Ikin of this little beaft bears ,fu.ch e down the hut. " overc.ome with reaf?n, yet indin'dto drink, They, have a fort .of 'fmall monkeys, Monkeys. , efpeclaIJy Spanijl> wme and brandy,: fUch a,s which ' drive ttie , rats OUt of their houfes, (onverfe much with them, difcern a qp:ick- there beiryg a fort of antipathy between them. nefs of reafon and un~erftanding, ordering Thefe monkeys have a mulky fcent, whIch their conceits and difcourfes fa ratiol1ally, perfumes a room, are very tame, ' and will that the moft knowing take great deligh~ in learn any thing they are taught. their facetious humour. I 'J ' ' Several .prime. men, who are in difgrace Robbers. The >lA- They /how little ~unlge 10 war, but ge- with , the king, fometimes lie in companies ti'lJes. nerally come by the \ofs, unlefs affifted, by on the roads to the cities of San Salvador the Poriuguefe, ; for twenty White~ ~ll! rqut and'Lo~nda, robbing alItnivellers, till they a thoufand of them. I ", I are agail) ,taken into favour. Thofe of Songo are a proud, I~zy; ', and , Tb.ey are faid to be very guilty of poilon, Poifonin" luxurious people, bU,t have , a winning be- ing, ,but perhaps it ,is more in talk than , " . reality; 1 ) I the Lower Ethiopia. reality; ~or if clifcover'cl, th ey infallibly clie is praCtired all alopg to the end of the fj" ,,,or; for It, without mercy, and fuch ftria: en- feaft. , , V"'V"J quiry is made, that it can fcarce be con- The other obfervable thing, is, that if any H'fpi/o/it" cealed . perfon, ' man or woman, great or tiTIalJ ; Clothing. . P eople of any note, efpecially in the tho' not known to then" happens to pals by Cines, are decently clad, in long mantles of. where the company is feail:ing, he or Ole fine cloth, or black ba ys, under whith they thrufts into the ring, ane! has an equal Ol are wear white fhirts, appearing on the upper with the reil:, without making any compli- part of the body; and on the lower parts ments, or fpeaking a wore!. If the il:ranger they have long w ide coa ts of f.,ti n, or da- happens to come after th e portions have maik, with rich borders, or embroidery been ' divided, then the M lICltiol1lu takes about the edges. Some wear a fort of cloth fomething from every man' s mels, to make made of the bark of the j\l[a /ombe-trees, up a O,are for him. If many uninvited and flalm,leaves <;:o lollr'd black and red, bue guefts come, they all have the aforef.,id li- all barc-legg'd, and on their heads only berty, and may eat and drin k as freely as white cotton caps; but they adorn their if they had been invited . 'When the acci- necks and arms with gold and filver' chains, dental trave llers perceive the pl ,ttler em pry, or things of the beil: red cora l. they rife up and go · their way, withollt Thofe of SONgo wear coats from 'the navel taking; any leave, or returning thanks to the to the ank les, and. mandes over the reft; company. And tho' the Ihangers h'lve but the women cover their breath. cve r (0 great plenty of proviuons along CtlrJ. They play at ca rels for pafs-time, ftaking with them of their, own, as it very often pln" .. g, litde horns or iliells, recleoned among them happens they have, yet do they forr.,ke their as current money. own for that of thefe people. Another thing The citizens of (oligo I ive chiefly by trade, to be wonder'd at, ' is, that they never aO{ and the country people by tilling the land, thofe intruders any queftions, as whence they ~nd keeping cattle. Thofe abou t the river come, whither they go, or the like; but all Zair live by fifhing; others by drawing of pafs in !ilence. This charity of theirs, is very 2"ombe-wine; and fome by weaving. ' commendable. . When they travel from one place to an- This fort of hofpitality was very common other, they do not ride, but are carried by among feveral of the cail:etn nations" in the men in hammocks, lying down, others fit- Iir!!: ages of the world; and particularly ting on a board hanging to a pole, with one among the ffraeliles, of wh ich we have fun- arm over the pole, and their feet refting on dry inil:ances in holy .writ, as in Abraham, a fort of lIat wooden rtirrup, holding in the Gell. xviii. in L ot, Gen. xix. and in Judges other hand an umbrella; or elfe fining on xix. 21 . And St. Paul commends bofpltality a kind of bier, made fail: with a cord to a in his epiftks to the Romal1s, and to tho pole, rening on the fhoul Je rs of theirOaves, Hebrews xiii. 1 ,2 . L ei brolherly love con/in tie. or of hir'd people. For expedition they Be /101 forgetful 10 enlertain Jlroll!!,ers , for take many Oaves, that when the Iiril: grow thereby fome bqve en/ertaill'r! angels UII~ weary, they may be carried by the others. awares; that is, Abraham and LOI. St. Ftafling, There are two things very remarbble in Pdcr prelfes it alfo as a virtue and duty, in thefe EthiopiallS, and worth obferving; the his firil: epiil:le, iii. 9. Uft hofpilalily to one Iiril: is, in their eating and drinking at feafts, alia/her, withoul grudging. which they commonly celebrJte in great Thefe people before the coming of the N.mtl, numbers, and at night. A great company 'porlllgtle!e , who inftruCted them in the cbri- being got together, they fit round in a ring, ftian (;lith, had no particular or proper names; on the grafs, then a large thick round wooden but the common people call' d themfel"es by platter is plac'd in the middle .of them; the the' names of herbs, plants, il:ones, fowls, rhtter is called Malonga. The eldeft of the beafts, 'and li ving creatures; the lords bore com'pany, whom they call Maeulolllll, or the ritle of the lordfhip they commanded, c.ocoioeaNgi, is to divide and diil:ribute to as the lord of Songo was caH'd Moni-Sollgo, everyone his portion; which he does with that is to fay, lord of Songo, Moni,ugnif¥- fuch exaCtnefs, that if there happens · to De ing lord, and Sonto' the country: but at this a bit better than ordinary, that is al fo di- day both men and · women, high and low, vided proportionably among the company, everi ' the king himfelf, commonly receives fo that everyone is contented with his Olare. a name in baptifm. : When they drink, they make ufe of neither They feem fomewhat experienc',d in fe- cups nor glaifes; to the end, every perfon veral , hand icrafts, :.but do not care, to take , may have what is judg'd fuffi cient for him, ~pon ,them any hard labour. and nO more. The judge is the Macuiontu, Congo, Songo, 'and Bamba, vent fevy Oav;es, 8/.'"". who holds the Moringo or lIalk to the.perfon's and thofe the meaneil of all ; becaufe being mouth that drinks, and when he think~ he ufed '. to live idly, when they are ' brought to has . drank enollgh, he pulls it away. This labour they quickly die. ' The beft ~ome VOL. V , 6 I thither BARBOTi thith6r ,from Amboill~" 'Gingos, I 'Jagos;; Ca- -go. They have no apothecaries or doCtors, Phyfo"; ~ feudas, stuilax, Lembo, and other territories ,nor any phyliek but what themfelves make ir.,.. , thereabouts, above MaiJignim in ,An'go!ri. of plants, barks of trees, roots, fiones, wa-,' The Europeans drive , a litnbtrade with ters and oil, which they adminifier for a- Simboes: but the chief dealing in S01/gocon- gues, fevers, and ~lmoft all other maladies. lifts in Sambo-cloths, palrp-oil, palmetto- - Fellers, the mofi common diftemper of nuts, and fueh like. Formerly they 9rought ~his climate, they cure with the beaten thence many, and thofe very ,.large ele- root of fandal wood mix'd with the oil of phants teeth; but of late that trade js fallen dates, anointing therewith the body of the to nothing. ' , , I patient two or three times from head to , The city SI. Salvador is the ftaple for foot. The pain in the head, by letting blood the Portuguefe merchants in t~ofe countries, in the temples, with little {hells {harpened, of whom the l1atives chiefly buy Cyprus- ,wherewith opening the !kin, they fuck with cloths or painted table-cloths, call'd Cape the mouth till they draw the blood. de Verdura blue ',cans, Biramks or 'Surats, , The pox or venereal difiemper, cal!'d copper bafons, ' Englifh cloth ;: great 'Simbas Chirangas, rages among them extremely, of Loanda, Ba,ejier, and other inconliderable which they cure with the red-wood call'd tnifjes, as rings, beads, and the like. ,Their 'Tavilla. wealth conlifls chiefly in elephants teeth _ The king appoints a judge in every par- Jujlict. and Simbos, or little {hells which pafs in- tiyular prOVince, to hear and determine civil ' ltead of money. , I ' s:aufes and differences that happen; who, The citizens of St. Salvador amount ,to tho' there be no fetded laws or fiatmes ,- near forty thoufand, moil: of therp gentle- -may imprifon and releafe, or impofe a pe'- men and nobles, yet wretchedl y poor: , for cuniary mulCl: or fine upon them. But in among them all, you ilia!l fcarce find .. ten more , weighty matters everyone may ap- fur 'twelve that have a golden chain or fmall peal :to the king, before whom criminal jewel. However, it may be faid of this 'caufes are alfci brought; and he, as fove- kingdom of Congo in general, that it is very reign, gives a definitive fentenee. rich, as having fo great a quantity of me- In matters of fiate" and fueh as concern COllneil. ta'ls ; that tho' they {hould fpare : much to pea'ce and war, the king advifes with ten their neighbours, yet there would remain or twelve counfellors, his favourites, wllo enough to reckon it very wealthy; as alfo conclude for the welfare of rhe kingdom, c<'lnlidering the incredible number of ele- and fet forth and pllbli{h decrees by his phants there are in it, whofe teeth may order and in his name. much ~nrich ic Iihwife the civet-cats, Thefe L1me pllni{h idolatry and witch- .. which ,are very numerous, and may 'turn craft with the great~ft feverity, condemning t<'l a good aCCollnt; ' whence it is eafy to forcerers ro the flames or to perpetual na- Sorcerers conceive that the prince of fuch a kingdom very in Brazil, or other parts of America, • muft be v~ry potent. ' It is not pollible to felling them to Europeans. However, there exprets what his revenues would be worth, are feveral of the meanefi fort, who pre- if the produCl: of metals, elephants teeth, tend to forcery, and make the ignorant peo- and other commodities were well minded; ple believe they can work wonders, as pro- but fol' want of induil:ry, it is C'}uite other- curing of rain or f.1ir wea ther; being con- wife. To fay fomething of this in general: verfant in lions, tygers, ferpenrs, or other The king's revenues confift , chiefly ' in mifchievous creatures; can oblige croco- yearly tributes paid him ,by the dukes of diles to carry them over rivers; are fa- B dmba, Balta, Sundo, Nambanganga, Bumby, miliar with ,the devil, whom they call Ca- M UjJII/O, Olmdo, ~ingengo; and others un- rabomba, and many more follies, by which der the tides of earldoms, as thofe of 'Pern- they gain a reputation among the unthink- bo, Pango, and many < more, which ', are' ing ml\)titude, and are much dreaded, PH- brought in on St. 'James's day, when the ticularly in the countries of Sogno and An- king ' rewards them with forne fmall trifle, goy; and this, notwithftanding all the care as 'a mllrk of his favour. - . ' taken by the millioners, ' and the feverity of Money. Th e'Y' have no coin, either of filver, 'gqld the princes to deftroy them, whenfoever or copper; but as has ,b een often ll)eri- ' difcover'd. ' tion'd, make all , their markets 'with little Whofoever kills a man, has his offenGe {hells ca!l'd Simboes, and ,another fort call'd openly read before him, and being conviCl:ed Bongbior Libanghi, which pafs current; but 'by witnelfes, is condemn'd to die. in other cognizance of nobility tHere, as in Europe to the P?or': yOft ./hall' be}/ow alms for relea-king, every ,order has a peculiar badge to diftin- fing of prifoners or flavcs, and help the needy, guilh it. and be charitable 10 the , church, and always , When ' the kIng goes abroa\l with alj his end'envotlr to Imp thi/ kingdom in peace and ' nobles, ai-Jorn'd with whitecaps on. ' their quietll-fl, and fllily o!Jlerve and keep the lame, , heads; he fometimes ' puts on a hat, : ahd at without breach of league with YOllr brother pleafure lay's that afide: anc\ 'refumes his cap, ' the kwg of 'Portugal'. His wife is caIl'd Mani-Mombtlda, that is, After this Cpeech; the ,mufick begins to queen, and for her a yekrly' tax is gathbr'd play; wrich having' continu'd fome ' time, through the whole kingdo~l, by rhein c411'd the laft two noblemen go to feek him a- Pin/elli); every houfe paying a cer',airl Ira te mong the people, the reft of them fitting for their beds, ' I, on ,the ground, The two having Coon found The qll een, TI;e queen-hath ' her peculiar apart1~ent him they fought for, and bringing him, in the p3.lace with her ladies, who uf~" litrle one by the right arm, and the other by the art to adorn themfelves; yet they gol. i lJ. , left, place him on the,(lbovemention'd roy- moft every night abroad.co take' their I1ld~ al chair, and put the Ci'own upon his head, fure, only fom e fraying in ~heir' 'tuin ~ '~,P the gold' armlets on his arms, and the ufual walt on the queen'l' ,,', ," black cloth" or bays' cloak on his 'lhoulders. FllneralJ. FOrl'l/erly when th(king died, 'his tela- Then he lays his hands 'on a mars-book, and tions perform'd his 'lambi, or funeral cere~ the gofpels, which the prieft holds to him. monies; ,putting th~ dead corp~, i:illl'd there having an alb on; ' and the king fw~ars to Alfua, into the g,ave, in a fittiri'g pofture; do ,and ,keep all he has been forewarn'd of, and a dozen of you'ng maids ufed to lea'p by the herald af9refaid, ) " into it of their own accord, and were " bu~ ' This folemnity being ended, the twelve ry'd alive to ferve him in the 'other 'world' ; nbbJemen :and the king go to ,the palace, as beir~ving, he !hould not remarn de'ad, accompany?d by all thofe that were prefent but go'ini:o:~hat other ;n?rl~, and li,ve there. anbe coronation, who caft earth and fand Thofe hlaids' were then fo' earreft"and defi~ up'6n him, ;in token of rejoicing, and as an tOllS of doing [hat fervlc~ to ' their dec'eafed admonition; that uho' he be now king, he prince; ' that for eagern~fSl to be fi~ft~ tlhe~ !hall' be {luft and a!hes. The \t he Lowc.t1' 'JEthiopia. , 'The king, after his &owning, ' ren1airlS , , 'I1he bid 'earl b~ing dead; in the year ~yt]lo'!;, eight'days in his palatewith6ut goihg forth; )641, there broke out ' a new and bloody during which time, 'hll ' the Black nobility, \var, 'be[Ween that king, and Don Daniel ddw".".h.- none, except~d, arld all'the 'porlu.~uefe .cdlT!e -ihl~,,t va' ~ tll e 'new,.I. earI, On a'c count f t he pn.n. - ,C .0 ;.: 'oxn go to vllit and congratulate him. 'the BlaCks, Illpallty 'qf Mokata, ' lie hnd made over, asandSongd. do 'hit\) a: kirto ciP'-hom'age on"!jb~h kne~s. has' b'een faid, to the 'late earl; and accord- daprlitg their 'h~Hds; " and 'kiffin~l\:he kil)g's lng:ly in,vaded Songo,' in confederacy with his hantl.'. The Poi'llI~a~ 'lr pitch'd' battle, defea!ted and put to 'flight the the performing of that which waS'p'ropollp'd- king's'ilrmy, and took the aforefaid , prince ed to him; with afl'urance to therh, that he bf":i\o1okilla, togcthl:r with many 'grahdees, \vill feek nothing more ' thah rlie q1!i~t ~na prifoners r and, accb'rdi~g to the cullom of welfare of his kingdo'rns 'anCl fulljeCts, ~nd the I countl·y,' cho'P~'d off all their ' heads! ~heprvpagating of the' Chriftian faith. '" keeping only J1lphollJo prifoner, who was The people of Congo take the'·oaih '~f his toufin, but would not fuffer him to 'de' fideliry "to their king, like other ch'riftiaris; part frohlhim. befides which, there were formerly fundry The king provoked more than el'ei' by Jorts of oaths in u(e amting thofe Elhiopiaw; this overthrow, carne the next year intO which were adminifter'd upon fever.l' occa- t~e field, with all' ;his nobility, and three or lions \" but as needlefs to mention 'here, as ri" four' hundred MulalloJ, having made the diculous and extravagant in their nature and duke of Bamba ge,neral of that army; who defign: Among the many forts ,of thetp are being come near the borders of SOllgO, was thefe chief ones, viz. Chicongo, a draught un~wares fet upon by an ambufcade out of of phyfical pmging wood; the Chilqm- 'the wood Ernlin da Guolla, oh the laft of ' bo, the Ganganzi, a fuperftitious oath; 'july; and his army not only totally defeated! others call'd Orioncio, 'Oluchenchc; final)y but the duke himfelf neceffitated to yield the oath of Elllttngo, adminifter'd to fup- to the earl fome places and countries befor.e pofed traitors, by a wizard, or Scinghili ; wrefted from him, for the releafe of prince a draught compofed of the juice of herbs, AlfollJo; '" ferpent's-llefh, pulp of. fruitj and diver$ Dllring this war the king lent embalrador~ others things. , to 'Brazil, to count Maurice of NaiJall, who then pad the government of that country; Of the Earls of SON d 0, or § 0 N if 0; in for the !tates of Holland, with many naves; particular. and a gold chain, for a prefent; to defire T his Ml1{Unce to , carryon the war againft HIS earl is the rnoft potent in all Congo, SOllgo: but twoembaifadors, fent at the fame and w.as fubjetl: to ,the king; but con' time to the Jaid count at Brazil, by the earl fidering the woods of Findcmguolla, which of Songo, being al(o arriv'd there, inrreate<;! furrollnd his country like a bulwark, he him to give no alErtanee to the king bf fortified, and made it almoft impreghable: Congo, againft SOllgo ; to which the count, [0 cafting off the yoke; he rcatce ackno\v- coniented, and accordingly writ to their ledges the king of Congo for his fovereign, governors in Congo and Angola, not to in~ but ,only as a friend of Songo. termeddle in the w,ars of thefe two princes, This province of Saltg o yields copper for th~t they were bo~h ill league with the rroJlI8. much better than that of Congo; and (ome HoWmders: and thus difmiifed the faid te" cotton, but they vend little of it. fpeCi:iie ' emb~!fadors with equal civilities, In the year 1636, the king DOli Alvaro of and rich prefenes; Congo, affirted by eighty , POl'tligUefe, was 'Before the cdming o,f the Portuguefe intoAnci!n. routed by the earl of Songo, who took Don thefe' countries, ahd their converting them Im.,ry. AlvaI'o prifbner, alid he for his ran(bm to chriftianity, the people of Col1go'had fe" was fotced to give the earl tWo territories; veral forts of idols, every man Imking t~ the one a principality, call'd Mokata, a 'himfelf a god, accordi~g t~ his owrl fancy_ great land of tillage; lying where the riv~t Som~ wor(!1ipp;? dr~gons, , go~~s" tyger~; Zair borders neareft to Songo. Afterwards ferpents, and many ,other (uch ,Jrvmg crea- Alvaro rmew'd the qUarrel with the faid tures; others addr'd fowls, plants, trees; ea~l, a,nd again loft the day \ but coming a and the very fkins ,qfthe ,beafts ftuffedwith thIrd lIme agalnft the earl With much fupe- : f1:ra~. ,Before .thefe j~9ls cht:jy 'p~id their tiOr forces, as he has ihnumerable people at relIgIOUS wOtfhlP, bendmg thelrKn.~es, ,ly- command, he took fevere revenge 'of the ing flat on their faces; daubing themfe!ves Songo! for the lolfes before fuftain1d. with dirt, and facrificing to them of the VOL, V. 6 K beft 494, BARBOT. beft and deareft things they haq. ! A~ length . ';l,'lle Blacks of Congo call a Capucin friat ~ they were brought to light, oLlt of thIs dark. Graj(tga Fomet; the word fomet being a nefs of idolatry, in which they had re/llain'd nam~ of refp ea, iniportingfatheror maLter. for many ages, throllgh the .i:ndeavpurs of A ptiefi: they call Evanga, baptifm Mani- , the Por/ugue[e, ,who lIlade theJirLt difcovery, mun/u, and God Zabianbu1lco. . of the river Zair in the year ,1480,t under . ,~hen the .ear.! ~f .S,ongo· goes to church, !}t;,tr~ the command of James Can. In 148t, ~ing he" l?\l~, on,hlS. b~ft appare,l, ador~'q ""itll g • John the fecond of Portugal fent tile famt; many g()ldchams, and ftrings of fine coral ; James Can with a fleet, to difcover the eaftern before,"goes the muuck :,he is attended by coaft of Africa, and the Eajl.!ndie). ; H~ a gua,rd of muiketeers, an~ , fol1ow'd by a being come to the river Zajr, . fent agents tQ great~ tqrong of people. _ , the king of Congo~ who ' not returning, he Merqlla, in his account of Songo, . informsPeljicUlu.. took four of the natives, that came to fee the us, t4at ,fame years before his' arrivaJ there; !hips, and after fome timefpent i!l coa.ftiiig, oneF;.'l'homas deSiflola, a Capucin'milJloner return'd to Lisbon, where ,king John treated in Clingo and Angola, with fome other millie- thofe Congoians very courteoully" and im· ner~ 'i>f his order, underwent a cru~l . perfe;.. mediately difpatch'd Can pack to (:ongp with cuqon . from the then earl of Songo, who rich prefents. He arriving on the coaft, ex- fent 'tpem ,away to Angoy, orderillg they changed the four Congoians for his four 'for- !hould be , pragg'd, out of his dominions; tugue[e, who, during their ftay in Congo, for tn, fpace of two miles, which was exe~ became fo intimately aGquainted wi\hihe cured ' with ' the urmoft rigour; the cruel duke of SOllgo, uncle to the then king, ,1In.d a officers dragging them along by their own man of a generous fpirit, that they inftr).lCl;~d cords, ,' ,;,ith theIr faces n'ext the fands, all him in the chriftian religion, and fo ' f\l ll y thew~y , reviling and ,infulting tbem.dn fuch convinced hlLU of the error of their idola- marinngo~River. "land; altogether fandy, 'and reaches to had abuna~nce of whales and grampulfes B. ,,,,n1". " nineteen degrees. about us. 'In the evening with the harping- I.;"'V"-J GolfoFrio. "Farther ftill to the ' fouth, in nineteeh iron, ftrul:ka' large aOd hideous fin" call'd . " degrees thirty minutes lies a gu lf, call'd a fun-fin" "the' figure whereof Mr. Bm'bot SlInjif". " Golfo Frio, with double land and full of drew, as reprefented in the cut. It was PLATE "9. "trees, Next you come to the open haven about four foot long and 'three in breadth, " of Am bros, in twenty one degrees. Beyond almo(l: oval, with a mon(hous head, large " that, ftill to the fOllthward, thecoaft much round eyes, and a little mouth, cover'd with " refembles that we mention'd in the 'riorth, a dark 'brown fhagreen ndn, eictraordinary " being high, with fandy hills, barren land, hard. On each fide of it were two fins, " and a 'bad fhore. moving l"ery !lOWly, and not fl at. Our " A conuderable way to the weftward of failors 'b6il'd 'the !:Jeft part, and eat it, find- " Cabo Negro, or the black cape, is a great ing it excellent food. The fleO, of it is milk- " fand in the fea, in Portugueje call'(j Baixo white, ri!i.ng in 'flakes, like cod , and taftes " de Antollio de f/iallo, dangerous to failors, l ike thornback ; but very tough, perhaps be- " being fometimes cover'd with water. caufe too freili. VVe boil'd rhe liver, acd " The air is temperate, and the foil, tho' got about three pints of oil; our ll'len al[o "fandy next the fea, yet affords all things boil'd the entrails, and thought them very " necelfary for lhe ufe of man. The'moun- delicious. "tains are rich, not only in cryll:al, but The eighteenth, at noon, being eaft and " other minerals. To the northward it is well:, with a little fandy b~y, about four " more fu ll of trees, as far as twenty two miles from it; and having for two or three " degrees of fouth latitude, from whence nights before obferved, that the Black! made " there drive into the fea a hundred and fifty fires ailiore, which we gnefs'd to be a fignal "milesfrom the n,ore, certain g reen weeds, for us to ll:ay, lome of bur men were fent " call'd SargojJa; and ferve for a mark to an,ore in the pinnae'e, to take a view of th6 " feamen to know how near they are to the country; but the fea roll'd (0 violently1all "main land of Africa. Abundance of along the beach, thilt it was impoffible for " mews or fea-pyes are alfo feen at fome them to come hear: but three men fwam " diftance from iliore, with black feathers through the boiltetous waves, and walk'd "at the ends of their wings, which is an af- to and fro for fohle time, but only faw " furance to feamen, that they are near the five or!i.x very fmall huts, without any in - " African coaft. habitants, and in them fame pieces of dry'd "This country is govern'd by a king, 111ark, 'and a few finall fiiliing-hooks. It is " who is abfolute; yet fome great men, likely thofe Black fifhermen fled into the " who command near the fea-iliore, take country, when they faw the pinnace making " the title of kings, tho' they have neither for the iliore. The l11en fin ding thereabouts "wealth nor dominions to give them any fome very fmall canoes, call'd bark-logs, " reputation among ll:rangers." I return to made Me of them to 'getaboard the pinnace, the journal. which lay without the rolling fea waiting On the uxteenth,we held the famecourfe: for them. They reported, that the country the moft northern land we could fee at' noon, is very barren and fto.ny, with only fome bore north-eaft byeaft, diftant eight or nine few fmall trees and ilirubs on it; and ncar leagues; all the coaft there appearing very the fea a fahdy ' down, and the fhore cue barren, without any tree or buili for a great with white ' c1ifts, pretty high and fteep, way up the inland . Laft night we had for and betwixt them fome little fandy bays. tW9 leagues round us an infinite number of " Several Portugucfe relations of voyages Man. porpoifes, driving to the fouthward for near "from Brazil to COllgo and Angola, obferve, tRim. an hour, very thick and clofe together. "that the people inhabiting the weftern The night before we took aboard the iliip "Africall n'0reS, from thirty degrees fouth Mofquito-a bird call'd a Mofquito-hawk, about as big "latitude, to cape Negro, which' is much h.",k. as a lark, of the colour of a woodcock, "more to the ' northward, are cannibals, with large eyes, a iliort bill, b~t very bro~d, "and that there are many fine large har" the feet like a fparrow, and ha~ Its name fr,om ' " bours; form'd by nature, and capable of feeding generally on mofqUltoes or gn~ts., "receiving two or three thoufand iliips each There are g reat numbers of them in New- "ohhe'm. Th~ Portuguefe call thofe Afri- England. The land we coafted this day is " cans ' PapagCllteJ, that is, men-eater§, on not quite fo high as that of yefterday. The "accoltnt of fome" accidents which have weather being ealm,brought the iliip ort the "happen'd there to their nati,On; one of careen to clean it. ' " which, for its ungularity, I wi ll infert The feventeenth, by obfervation, found "here. A velfel coming to an anchor in twelve degrees fifteen minutes fouth lati- "one of thofe harbours, the captain and tude; li ttle wind at fouth-weft; courfe' north "fome of his crew went afhore, well arm'd, north·eaft, fix or feven leagues' from land, ." and he ftra1in'g a' little farthet' than ordi- "nary j --~-! ~oo A V 0 Y A G:E to Congo-River. BA11.BO'l'." nary from his men, faw two Bltlfk wo- been feveral times overfet, but without ant ~" men naked, carrying wood; the women other damage than the pains of drying their " feeing him, fiood fiill, which he perceiv- clothes. They march'd in arms almoil: " ing, to encourage them, threw down Ce-.. three miles up the country, without fpy- " veral trifles, as knives, glafs, coral and ing any peopleer huts; only obferved lome " the like. The women laid down their pieces of ground frefh burnt, being fiill hot 1 burdens, and pick'd up thofe toys, leap- thllY alfQ faw fome narrow p:lths or lanes, ing and dancing about the captain. This on which, fays Mr. Barbot, who was of the ." pleafed hini fo well, that he was refolv'd company, we could plainly difcern the to have as much of it as he could j and prints of mens feet, for above a mile and therefore fat down on the grafs: They ob- a half; and afterwards came to a large " ferving his fecurity, continu'd ·their gam- rock forming a grotto or den like a vault, bois for a-while; but at laft one of them and went in all of us, but found th~rein " feizing him behind acrofs the arms, and only loofe fiones. " the other catching; up his legs at the We had however proceeded farther in- fame lime, they run away with him land, but that one of the company being fa fwifely, that it was impoffibk for his fcorbutick and not able to walk fo much, rrien, who both faw arid heard him <;ry, was returning back to the beach by him- " either to refcue or come near him; and felf; we therefore thought it moil: proper " fa return'd to their boat and /hip, con- to deiill: and accompany him, for fear he " fideri~g on the barbarous banquet thofe, ihould meet with any favage natives, who " rather beafrs thail human creatures, were might have lain conceal'd in fame place or " to make that night." other, We found here and there fame The nineteenth at noon, we difcovered [catter'd litde trees, fame with a few leaves, north nonh-eall: of us a fteep high head others quite dry'd up. lowering to the eaftward as it ran up the Being thus return' d to the beach, where in-land, not unlike Portland-point in Eng- ,aur long-boat lay at anchor, we obferved land, bUf not fa long out to fea. Onr courfe at a little difiance, a pond of brackifh wa- north-llorth-eaft -for feveral leagues, two ter richly il:or'd with filh ; whereupon we miles or a mile and a half from Ihore ; and fent the boat aboard to fetch our drag- ha ving brought the aforefaid head to bear net, with which we caught near three dozen eall: fouth-eaft, about a m.ile dil\:ant, dropp'd of indifferent large mullets, and might have anchor. W e obferv'd the land to the north- got . many more , had not the malhes of ward to form three points or capes, the one th€ net been fa large, that the Blh €afily g,ot facing north-north-eaft half north, the mid- OLlt through it. We alfo took a good dle one north-north-eafi, and the third quantity of fine large Ihrimps, very fweet north-eall: by north, and the high fteep head and delicate. like Portland head, eaft-fouth-eail: in the There we alCo faw abundance of birds, kingdom of Benguefla ;' louth of which we of a light grey colour, the neck, legs and obCerv'd a fandy bay with fame rocky fhoals, bill very long, being of the fame fpecies bn which the fea breakswith a terrible noiCe .. we had feen all along, as we coafied a- N orcll of the cape we faw another bay of long the countries of Benguella and M a- a more eaCy accefs than the former, but the taman, that is, fea-pyes or mews. country all about very wild and barren. The fea-breeze by this time had raifed H ere we lay at anchor all night, in the waves along fhore terrible high, and twelve fathom water, mud, and fandy the tide was very rapid, which put our grol!nd, ' refolving not to fti r farther till company to much trouble to get through we had fent afhore for intelligence. Our to the long-boat, with our two little float- obfervation was . by computation, eleven canoes, which were over-fet many and degrees thirty-nine minutes fouth. many times. That which I was in, with A ccordingly about fix in the morning, three of our men, was overturned four our mall:er went afhore in the long-boat times Cucceffively ; and not being a fwim- with twenty-two armed men; but becaufe mer, I had undoubtedly perifh'd. if the men of the 'rea breaking on the ftrand, they an. had not taken care of me. chor'd without to fea, and fame men fwam Being all got fafe aboard fhip, we hoifted B.,k- logs. afhore, wh~re finding two bark · logs on fail at fix in the evening, and fet the courfe the beach made of the wood M apou, be- to northward, along the fhore, which we ing fmall pieces of wood ty'd clofe toge- kept in fight all the night, founding fome- ther in the nature of a raft or float, the times in fixteen, and fometimes in twelve twO . ends poin ted and rais'd on each fide fathom water. with pieces, for gunnils, about feven~inches The twenty-firil: at eight in the morn- high, with thofe floats or canoes; they car- ing, we fpy'd a very fieep point at north ry ' d afhore our men, who being all lan- half by eafi of us, about feven leagues ded after fome trouble, everyone having diftant; and at noon, the fame cape bore north- A VOY,AGE to Congo-River. horth north-eafl: about tht'ce Or four leagues " Eleven m iJes from Mani Congo runs llA RnOT. from us. All tillS coaft is a (art of table- " the ra lt river Calon Betle, dividing it [eJf "'Y""-' land, with very little green; we faw a great " into two or three branches, fafe ag:tinft fmoak afilOrc at eaa by north, and on each " all winds, and has fifteen or fixteen foot [Ide of the fmoak white cliffs on the ftrand " water; fa that great Ihips may lie of a reafonablc height, with a (art of bay or " before it. inlet, which made us conclude, together " About the north·point of Calon Belle With our other obfervations, that tillS was " is tbe good bay; fa called, becaufe of its cape 'I'res-Ponlas in Benguelia. Cape Falet, " good ahchoring-ground. or rather Faijo, at fix ·in the afternoon " The lan lls a long the fea-coafl: are fruit- bore fouth-eaft by fOllth of liS, fix leagues. " ful and low, but thofe higher up moun- Tbe twenty-fecond a t noon, we broug ht " tainous' and over· grown with woods. cape L edo ealr of us, abou t five Icagues dif- " A mil e and a half /i'om Calon Belle is tance, .which is inditTerent high; and by " a freDl river, which f.dls into the fea eallnanon were tben in nine degrees fifty- " only ill the rainy fca fon , three mlOutes fouth·latitude, wind at fouth " The bay of Bmtuella, which has good by wefl: and fouth fouth-wefl:, and at OIne "anchoring-grouncl, reaches from one at night louth and [outh fauth-call:, and " point to the other, a mile and a half fouth-eall by fOUlh. " in breadth. On the north·lide of it " aands the forr of Heng,relia, built [quare, Of B E N ·G U ELL A. with pallir.,does and trenches, and fur- MOdern geographers make this coun- " rounded with houfes, fhaded by banana, " try to extend along the fea· coaft orange, lemmon, pomgranatc and ba- from the river Coanfa to Cabo Negro, " koven·trees; and behind the fort is a pond in fixteen degrees of fauth-latitude. of freD, wa ter. " About three .miles from the fouth- " About it are fcven village5, which pay " point of Conn/a, is Mayfotte-bay, before " the tenth part of all they have, as tri- " which a [mall rock is hid under water. bute to thole of Bengl!elia. Melollde and " Three miles and a half farther is Cabo " Peringe are about a league fi'om the " Ledo; five from that again, Cabo de 'I'res " - fort, and a mile dill:ant from each other; " POlltaJ; two miles fouth of which is " the other five are 111anikm, Somba, Ma- " Cabo Falfo, anu five beyond chat another. "l1ino'mma, Maniki11lfomba and Maniki- " Six mil es and a half from cape SI. Blaft londe, of all which Manikimfomba is the is Hens bay, fa called from the abun- "biggefl:, and can bring three-thoufand dance of hens about it; and between " men into the fi eld. Formerl y fame Por- them Beng1/ella Velha, tha t is Old Bm- tugueft li v'd th ere; who "frerwards , for " gueila, a champaign, and very fruitful " fear of the Blacks, fled to jl1aJ!ingan, but " country. " were mofl: of them kill'd by the way, " Hens bay is about a mile and a half " At the wea-poi nt of the bay of Bell' " in breadth, has ten or twelve fathom wa· "guella is a flat mountain, cal I'd in Por- ter and a muddy bottom. lugueft Sombreiro, th at is hat, from its " On the fauth-fide of it Il:ands a great filape ; and by it a very good bay, on village on a hill, whe re large cows, !heep, " the fauth-Ii de wh ereof is a fondy DlOre, " hens, and elephants teeth may be had , with a pleafant va lley and a few trees, but ,there is no fre!h water. but no water fit to drink, " Three miles and a half from that bay " Four miles from thence is a fait pan, is Rio Longo, otherwife call'd Rio JVIo - " yielding a grey f.1 1t like that of France, reno, in eleven degrees four minutes of " fufficient to ferve the adjacent country. (outh-Iatitude, fa !hallow a t the mouth, " The air of Bmf!,uella is very bad, the " that a fmall boat cannot go in or out " Porillgucft who Jive there looking more without difficulty. " Ilkeghofts than men, being moa of them " In former times the Portuguefe anelllf'- " perforts bani!h'd thither for fame crimes." ted to mend the entrance into this river, I return to the journal. . but found it impraCl: icable, by rea fan of The twen ty -third of Auguft, being hazy " the great water.falls and many rock s. weather, could make no obfervation of " Five miles ftom Rio Longo is a great the land, but guefs'd we were got to the " village call'd Mani Congo, on the afcent wefl:ward . of the fauth -point of tbe ,il1and " of a high mountain, where the Portu- of Loanda de Sail Paola, in Allgola, a place " gueft once had a frore-houfe, and bought belonging to the POrltlgueft, with··the coun- " cows, hogs, and elephants teeth, for I in- try about it ; and by computatio'l we took " neil and Eaft-India printed cloths, The the latitude to be nihe .degrees , eleven mi- " inhabitants are very fond of mufkets nutes . fouth. The twenty,fourth, by noon, and powder. we . were about nine )eague.s to the nonh- VOL, V. " " 1 :1' ;6 ,1\1; " ward BARBO'f.'Wl!rd· ofthe Wand Loanda,. ar1d: juog'd'the haIf a league from land . . But fdon after the ~· pblfit :PaittJerirro; in Congol I t6 be eleven gale coming up again, we faiJ!d north-weft lea:gues ·diilant'. : We had a ) quantity ' of til1 noon"and got cape 'Padron 'two leagues .whales and grampulfes about the {hip. · \ from Us; bearihg,north-eaft by eaft, and ob • From the · twenty-third '·to the twenty- ferv'd abundance, of Blacks walking along fourth at noon; ' had no .fight of ·Iand,' but the fandy ,beach, where they ' had feveral dofe gloomy weather ' ; in the afternoon we canoes, and launched \ twenty-five dr thirty fpy'd land ·about fix leagues off, fteerihg to go a fi{hing \ but none of them would our 'courfe 'north-north-eaft, and fometimd venture to come aboard, er near our long- north, [0 the twenty-fifth_ . boat which attended us, failing along the , ,That morning we had the land from ' the' lhore; for al1 the fignals we. made them. fourh-fouth-eaft to north by weft of us,. the' The {hore we had fail'd by all-the fore- neareft at north-eaft, the land all along ve- noon, is more {haded with trees, than any ry level and flat, but indifferent high; and we had feen before; ca pe P aaron is a low cover'd with trees_ Some way inland, it is flat fandy point, overgrown with trees, to rifi'ng ground, and farther {hews double, a fmall diftance from the beach, on which {orne hig·her than other and woody. ', At ftands by it felf one ani y palm-tree, which night we fauncled with a twenty-five fathom 111akes it the more 'eafy to know the cape, lihe, but had 'no ground_ ftom fea. Lope Gonzales having difcover'd Fl~om the twen ty-fixth at noon, till fix ' the river Zair, he, according to the orders at night, we ran about five leagues [0 north- of the king of Portugal, taken notice of in weft along the {hare, three or four leagues the I:lefcription of the Gold Coaft, ereCted on dilljam ; ' on feven, eight and ,nine fathom this low point, a ftone bafe or pyramid, to fhndy ground, and thick water : for which {hew or teftify, he took poffeffion of the reafon the night approaching we drop'd coafts he had left behind; and from this it anchor, in eight fathom and a half, ha vi'ng was natfted the river of Padron, and after- at .north-eaft by north of ],IS, about three wards Congo river, becaufe it era verfes that leagues and a half, two round heads, look..: kingdom. ' ing at 'that diftance like fmall ifiands, 'which In the afternoon, vii~n.a foutnerly breeze, however were notr fo, butr held to the main. we continu'd our courfe along the {hare, a- At two in the morning we weigh'd with b0ut a mile difrance; and havingweather'd , a fmall fouth-fouth-weft wind, ftanding cape Padron, ftood norrh·eaft by eaft and north for a while, till coming into 'fix fa- eaft-north-eaft, fometi'mes to eaft and ea!l: thoms, we bo:'e away to north-north.weft, by fauth, in twelve; thirteen, fourtee~ and tlill eight in the morning,and were then in fe- fifteen fathoms Water; and then on a fudden ven eight, to ten fathoms, and again rerurn'd did not find ground with twenty-five fa- fo feven fathom, fbout three leagues ffom' thom of line: obfervlng Patmerillba point, land, which appear'd all overgrown WIth on the north fide of Congo river, bearing tr~es; the coaft riot very high, but double nofth-north-weft of us, this cape being in lanel inwards: and what we obferv'd moft, the territ@ry df -Goy, at fouth of the bay of were two red cliffs or BarreiraJ, as the Por- Cabinde. tlfgue[e call them, at eaft fomewhat north ,Eaft-north-eaft dfclipe Padron, is a point fran) us; befides" a high lofty tree appear~ which we fail'd by at half a league diftance, ihg above all the wood_ By this day's ob- and being 'pafs'd Ehe fame, prefently difco- fervation, we had fix d@greesthirty minucy ticks, where t!iey _ w.ere never baptit'd; the king, with the 'officct's' prefcnt" to .crure thought proper to lofe no time, ill lOoking hini "he was weli pica'fed the 'Wf}iies ihou\d out for a better place to fettle a lodge ,or keep a lddge there; and at tne"(.1;ile time faCl:ory, in Congo-river : ,and being inforhl'd, to decH~~ to the inhabita~tsl tney mlg'ht that on the northern !hare, at' or near a freely' deal with him; and to charge' tPlem point feveral leagues up that ri,:,er, called in his' pa·m<~q.\ ,: fO diflurb or mol~f1: "tI,ie point Gitam', lying eighteen 'or t,\letlty 'Whiles . any manprr, of ways. , ' I ,u" leagues farther eaf1:w.at'd, we lbight (ettle After which, (hole ~ffj~ers oblig,d 1~e \~c-s~'7'a.i) one, and traffick with the inhabitants bf ttlr , to take five fcrvants 111[0 Ius pay" , to~'h:;:!t;:r the circumjacent territory, call;d Zair'y or attencl the fervlce ofthefactory, anel [0 be J. Serry ; the ' keepers of tl;e ,n.v'es we niouI cI, liuy On the twenty-firit of SepteJnber, ' !\Ii'r. the~e , ti ,l! th~y, ~e~7.t r~N , abo,~rd. , ,: Twoof CaffeJleuve ,vent thither in the, pintiace ; thefe , fer~ants :, belonged [0 the Ma)lgO'l.le where being landed, he was very dourte- himfelf,' one to the Ma;icbillgue, one to old ouny rece ived by' the captain of the vil- Gitaai', and one to the 1I1al"bucbe: 'Ne ~e~e lage Gitaar, lituated on the fouth-wen: to pay tl,lem fot their l attendanc~ 0ge 'fa- ftde of a creek, fomewhat [0 northward thom lllcafll're ih rnetcl:andize per ,~e~k; for of the point, where the river Zai; joins ;hb fiv:e' tllell; but , no ,victuals; and they that of Congo. Be advifed him', ifter he promifep [0 nia~e goqd ' whatever lotS or had procured him 'a ptbper houfe there, to damage we might l it)~ur, anq , to do' ,aJ! be made ule of for a faCl:ory, at two pieces manner of fervice as'required I for it is th~ per month rent, to wait on the king of cuf1:on'; there, ' that fuch fervants are to 1m: Zair, and petition him for a permillion to fwer f~r whatcv~} is cOl11mitteil to ti,eir trade with his fubjeCl:s, as a thing always cuf1:o'dy, and what' ilaves the Whites' h'~~e, praCl:is'd and of abfolute rtecellity ; 'fhich they are to pay for, if ftolen or:run aw~y; being refolved, the old Black captain about or be made naves in their roo'm, if ~oi: ten a.t night difpatched up .r?: tail', by, ;ble to, pay.' , However, the Blackf'n~~ in'g land, one Melllelnbele, brother·m,law ofihe a nat~ta'l prop,enlity ,to" f1:ealing, at ' which king, to inform him of the delign, an\! to' they in! very', ,d~xtr6us, it is requilit~ to requeit' he wouldl fend fome of his oflicers: have' a watchful eye oy'er their' beliav,ou'r. R,m.v'dto to Gila'tlf, to ferve as guards to o~ 'r lodM', and not tr,uf1: them too f.1r, ' under th~ Giraar. and have it enclofed for its fecurity'.' ' lpeci6u's' pretence of their fecurities; f~r it The twenty-third, CaJ!ellellve bei'tig in 'the, they .. can I ~y ha~ds Oil any thing' they factory, with the old captain 01 Gihlar, to like ' pnperceiv'd, they will tlln av}.¥ wi\ll fettl e it in order, they heard a noife M!ldl'- it, and never return to the factory. minlirlg, and the ' found of a trumpet and ~, T~'~,; Mangm..e'a~d the officets exa'~i,:ed o('a drum, who preceded the Black MeJJ- all the, tT]erchandlte \ve had Hi the hOll(ej lelllbeie, and the king's officers. There f1:op'd and lik,'d it very well; ,and afterwards re- firit at the governor's houfe, and afterwards turning again to the i lodge wi th a great pot came to tile factory. The Mango1;e, one of of pitlm.wine to 'drink with the factor, and the k ing's fitf1: officers, walked at the head having given him new alTurances we {hallIe! of all the others, uhdei: ah umbrello carry'd tnef t ,yith ~ brifk ttad~, ,of na ves and pro- over his head by a fervant, and followed ~Ilions" theX wen,t hOlpe,/ the Mallgove be- by abou t thirty other ' Blacks" b~lides tHe ing prefent~~ by the' fa40r" with a fathom king's officer~. As they enter'd toe factory, of c~ints; and all the other grand offi cers, CdJJeneuve caufed them to be faluted with' ~s ,tHfY i ,ftiled , thenirelJes, each. ,vir,? t:vq fbme liilaJ! anus; to welcolne ' them, ac-: l<11ives ahd a ,dram ,pf \>"'andy =,' I[ br~'ng fe- cording ,to their way; to lit d~w'r\ on f~n1e folved by all thofe , 'illads; that the factor thats, Jaid 01\ the grou'!d after th~ f'afJiion 1l10~ld ,v.:ait on ,th~ii' . ~ing · at {(air, the of ' the cdutltfy. to be treated ' with drams next "day witI' a I!'refent",;i i , " " of brandy; and aftcr a. littlb liay; in' fhd , Tl1~ ,twenty-fifth, ¥~,1 ~aJJl1fll"leJet out way only of a formai 'vilii, they retire'd, to , by" water in can?,~~' III compa,ny ,c/, th:le the ' v'i ll~ge , the MangiYve being ',' pre(ented offic~is; ' and being, landed agam ,a \ a pIac¢ wiilt' a f\afk of bhlndY. " ~h~~{or " (quF riJiles , higher u~ the little ~i; Werty 16 The next mo'rhin'g,bdng the tWc'n'ty-fouith';, ver , \l,f ~af/\ ~ha,n . G,la,af-pdtnF" , they ot~ n.J,. they cam'e again' to 'the factory,' )h'd pre': fereq ( to ha~e hlrt1 , ~?c!t~as is the, "fay 9~ti~Yi~nin!S ,in tr~t iers of bananas ;~nd. after ' a ~ci~Hr~y 're1 ¢?~h\rYi, ppt he ~~01~~':,thertpwalk, I,t~ b~I~,~ ~urnetl , (0 t~e town, wlfhout taktng. any nO· reve~,orc ,~lgh~ p;.t1Ne~ , cilltant: and b~tpg, 'If- VOL'. V. ", ' , , ,. o . nv d, A ,}Y .~ ,Y_4~; to '9. " ' tants Illow'd him abundance of civility. ' Thyfew,omefl are cltalte when m~pried, And for the , fatisfaction of all perfans who b\lt when any proftitutes herfelf, i\ is in. the hereafte/, may attempt to purchafe /laves in . i~jur'd hu.iband's power to put her , away, the great river Zair or Congo, he direCted an,d. !I;1qt,only to deprive h~r · of what g90ds the! author to' draw the map or chart of fqev\!r lW may have tlndpw'd her bt fore, ',but that r-iver, as here annex'd. It is above fix PLATE 19: aJX9. to have a fine impo(ed on ,her galIal)t. leagues broad within the capes or points, M4Tri~g" . . I),e, m,arriage-ceremQnies here are \Qon. and. by deg!ie~s grows narrower, to half of perforql'd; for a YCilll.flg man; who. hilS but a that breadth, jult over-againft the poine yard of painted callico, or other lin,en, to. Gitaar, at the conflux of the river that goes make.! a clollt fo.r the' yO!Jng woinan, he de- tOwards Zair town, fituated fome miles from figns to marry, a,ne;! f9r(Jething to buy b~r a, its weltern fides, being an indifferent large houfe, has nO,more 1.9, do' but to ",fk her, of plaee; of feven ou eight hundred houfes ; her.' parents or reiati9ns •. and his requeft is with anmher village lying near to the river' granted. Somewhq,can eam a little mon~y Zair. a,mong the Whites, take a prid~ to have their The road from this village to the tOwn of wives wear another clo!)t abom their: brealt, Zair is very incom.modious, by' reafon of hanging over that at th~ir . wailt. , The wiv.es the many; ponds and brooks lyingabollt it; of the rich or dignified Blacks;, adorn th~ir fome of them two.or three f60t deep . . About arms and legs. with bright copper>rjngs'and half way are fome little villages and ham. ~rmlets; feveral of which weigh tt l) '. pOlll'ld lets, on each . lide, at a fmall diftance from apj~ce, which is chiefly,t he reafon why thefe the road, in an open, barren, dry country .. wom~n l)fually walk very /low, and ' in a At the village of Gilaar, the king of fort of ftately way. ',", Congo has a collector, to receive his dues FU",rAII. Wben any perfon here dies, .his f\lmily out of all the fiili caught ·thereabouts ; depolite his corps under a fort.of, pav.il!on· the territory of Zair :beingtributary to or tent, upheld by a pole; .. In a: .fittlng him. The reafon that oblig'd us ' to break pofture, With a, tobacco-pipe . in one hal)d ; up our factory at Sogno was, that the gentry laying round about him, all the beft, goods ther~, and' ,other , Blacks of:· note, ' would' and utenlils I,e polfelfed in his, life. time. have ,the fa'me' meafure of our commodities Thitmbr all his relations and the, inhabitants which the, prince had ; adjufted with 'us for of. the, town ,or,v illage repair morning and hihlfdf alone·; as alfo ,becaufe the 'prince,. eve.ning about the pavillion, walking,round perhapHo pleafe his fubjeCts, and bring us i1.,,iighing and lamenting, and even howling to , their teFms; fometiines alledg'd, he was moft; in tolerabl y."and" others weeping ,very very ,unwilling · to let us have any ,of his bit.erly ; and the.aged perfons of both fexes, /laves,. becaufe, we ' were no .chriftians, :;lnd but more commDIlly the old women, Itlake tha't he ·was .. alfur;.q. 'we ' carried , them inm fOm/; difcour[es"aI;1d ,exhortations fuitable. to '1'urkeJ. : This.made us refolve to leave that the ocqa~on, witli: many.~ xtra vagant gdliures place. apd ·try what could be done at Bo- and motions. : ., . 1nangpy, on the ouh1!f,ficie of the great riv~r Zair A V OY AGE to Congo-Riyer. Z.'IIir, before we would fail out of it for Ca- Ithappen'd on the fifteenth of September, BA U,OT. blllde, where we had a better profpeCt of fay the authors of the journals, that we be-~ gettmg our complmlent. . ing afhore on Chappel-point, with nine of Purfuant to thIs refolutlon, we brought our men, walking about to feek, for fome d~wn all o~r goods from Sonho,on the twenty refrefhments, Mr. CajJeneuve, with two other thIrd, paYlOg all our charges at a double Whites, and their fervanr interpreter, a Black rate, as well as anchorage, and fome very nati ve of Zair, having walk'd along the unreafonable charges, which the Blacks there water-fide, for neal' two Englijh miles, they extorted from \IS through fpight, feeing we fpy'd a path leading to the wood, which had broke up our faCtory; but they being an they follow'd for almoft another Engtijh IlUndred to o~e, we thought it prudence to mile, where unexpeCtedly they found them- fwallow the pIll calmly. felves near the before-mention'd faIt-pond, Sonho The town of SOllho confi!l:s of about four where above an hundred women were at I{1WP hundred houfes, built after the country work, to get faIt; who, as foon as they manner, and takes up a large compafs of (aw us, fled fhrieking, and redoubled their ground, the houfes being b~lt at diftance noife, feeing us purfue them, as we did, to from each oth~r, in a fl:ragglipg, 'irregular fee the village at the end of the brook ;' manner. It bes about a mtle mland from but were hinder'd by above two hundred the end of the river, or rather creek of arm'd Blacks fallying out of it upon us, Sonbo, which is very narrow, and cover'd fome with bows and arrows, others with aJl along the banks with fmall trees and cudgels, and fome with mufkets and cut- fhrubs, very thick and clofe together; fo laces; the mulketeers clapping the muzzles that boats cannot well pafs up to the end of of their pieces to our breafts, and threaten- it, near Sonbo town. ing to fhoot us. Ca./fe1lellve fhow'd them Our fa0:ory ftood ~n a riling ground not fuch toys as we ufually carry to thofe parts, far from It. . but to no purpofe. , The inhabitants here are generally of a They took from us our interpreter, in middle ftature, and have commonly hand- order to have him punifh'd for conduCting fome faces, their legs and arms Gender; fo ofu s to that place. Thus were we forc'd to very crafty and cunning, that it is impoffible turn back, leaving the interpreter to their to deceive them; they underftand the mercy; and being come to the point, where way of meafuring cloth and linen fo nicely, our pinnace waited for us, found there above and, are fo fufpicious, that' when we meafure fifty of thofe arm~d fellows, who had ufed it, they conftant! y obferve us with fuch at- us fo roughly in the wood, and were got tention, that their eyes feem to pierce into thither another way, to fee what arms we the hearts of the Whiles, and often caufe lus had in the boat; and finding none, abufed , to meafure it over again I and in their our companions, till feeing us return, they dealing will afk often double the price of were quiet. We' a{fur'd them we would a nave, or Mouji, and fund two hours con- complain to the prince of SOllho, which we tefting to have a knife or two above the did the next day, and both he and the Por- fec' price. lugfleJe father told us, thefe were a fort of However, the Englijh and Dutch repair of- wild men, who ever fince fome EUrOpeall Europoall$ ten hither to trade for Oaves and elephant'S fhlp.s had carried away feveral o~ their com- :t;~~~~. . teeth. pamons, would never be reconCIled to, or ' GDDtls ;J1/.- The mofi: current European goods, in our converfe with any others; belides, that they ,.rt,tI. time, were thefe: black bays, paper-brawls, are ··very jealous of their wives: but the braCs or copper-bafons, India chints, powder, prince added,. he would command them to mufkets, coral, &c. As to knives, the Ellro- reftore; the,Black interpreter. It is very rea- peans have fo ftored them, that they do not fonable to believe, the women fled and fet care-for any more at prefent; nOr even for upfU'ch'cries, upon the remembrance of th?Ce ivory teeth, will they be perfuaded to take any Europeanj, who' h~dformerl y bafely carr.led quantity, as they did in former times: nor away the people from thofe parts, as fea~mg do they much value brandy, in fmall cafes, the fame ufage from jlS; and t~e men mIght which heretofore they were extremely fond very well , be upon their guard, to prevent of. , what they jufrly apprehended. I Towards cape Padron, on the Couth fide , The twenty eighth'of September, an/hour of t~ great river Zair; is a large fait-pond, after Mr. Ca./feneuve ,was return'd fromZair. w¥re daily all the women of an adjacent with our goods, and ,only two Oaves he , ~ad village, lituated in the center of the wood, purchafed there, it was refolv'd. before we t rk conftantly at making of faIt; which is fail'd for the bay of Cabinde, to try , what t e chief ,inaintenance of all the inhabitanti trade we could hav,e at Bomangoy, the chIef fthat part of the c'ountry, ,carrying it to Banza 'pt town ob1ngoy,{on the north ftd~ inland markets. '. of t"-Zair, at f the requeft of the Blacks, VOL. V. , '\ ; ,6 0 I '. ,wh" A 'Vdv'!d;E ;to ·Congo-River. BARB!.f!'wh6' now ' alid their came aboard to Collicie!! anfw er, that wI!! did defign to try what they ~'iJS to :fenle afaB;ory there; ~nd , acco,rding~ reported ,; and had not the captain been fick, IY'Mr~ Caffineuve was fent thIther, wIth our he would have waited on him' in perfon that . lid\: mate. The captain of the town re- very in!l:ant., . " ,. ." , ceiv'd ' themvery civilly in his houfe, and We found in, Cabitzde road; . a little Eng- afterwards accompanied them to the MaW. lifo !hip, having a hundred and twenty gave of>t he 'cobnqy, with whom they con- £laves aboard, and was to'compleac its car- verl'ed for an hour, without concluding any go, to two hundred and fifty. The"Dutch thing .. · Heinfifted upon high cuftoms, and interloper, that ·was there when the captain rio lees, for himfelf than eight pie~es' ; for fir!l: went to Cabinde, had fince been carry'd the' Manfoque .fix, fot · the- Melembele Ilx, away as prize, by another belonging to" the ana' for the toll of the fa-etory three pieces' ; Dutch Weft-India company. befides ' twelve other pieceS to two other ab- The third of Oflober, we adju!l:ed with f~rit officers of Bomangay r and his order was, the king's ' officers for the cuftoms, which not to alloy," aily ' morei than ' three pieces we paid ,irt this manner. fbrevery fcore of fiaves ' W~ ;might .purchafe Pieces of fundry forts of goods. there '; 'w'hieh however: was too ' little, but For the king' s cu!l:oms 47 ' Duties at five rci twenty Ilad ' bel!n :reafonable; and That of Mattfouco 3 I } CabiDde. toey have feldonl-takeri ' lefs, Thus we For the Manchins , 17 left Bo"i(lI1g~y, and arri\<" d aboard the twen- For Mafuco Mabouco --. 17 ty-ninth ' in the ;tfterriotm. For Manabele -- --. 17 The thirtieth, 'at fix: in' the "morning we The forry ,{even pieces paid to the king, Weigh'dL and fet fail' for ' Gabinde, with a confifting of; .. fallth' fallth-weft windi" fteering ' north· and ,[,apfeil! holland, - .- ' piece. I nord\ :by eaft updn a Ciitk '; but the tide was AnnabajJes 10 fo Cwift, that the helm could no~ work the Nicanees holland I . Ihip .aOOUt in the bP~n!\Jg of the river, which Black bafts holland --.- '.' I lafted till" noon, when we came in: fight of Pintadoes holland .....,.. I th~ brealtings north of Congo river, offwhich Cafe of fpirits • I Vie wete then about tWO miles our, h~ving' Paper, Slejia - I . foltrided au the while in" eight, nine and ten Brafs pan I to fifteen fathom water, 'hard fandy grpund. Knives, dozen . ""- 2 Between fix and' feveh ' in the' evening vie Four !l:icks'offcarlet, at twenty,nine} caff anchor in eight fathom and a half. inches per ftick " 4- aoout, two leagues from land, ' fearing to Six !l:icks black bafrs, at twenry-nine} 6' oveMhoot Cdbili'lie in the nighHime, I ' , inches per ftick . . .A ll · the coaft from Jjo1nangoy to Cabinde Half cafe offpirits fine 2 . is foul, being fun: of' :finds; lome !hooring Powder barrels 4. olic to ' Cea: three leagueS' weft, . ,bUt leave a Mulkets 2. dianne! betwixt th~banks and the fuore for Coral ftring, . --- piece I i btiats and Ooops' oMy. ,i , , Tile firft of Omber we fail'd at fix in -47-'' ' tile morning, 'with a' gale at fouth·weft by And fo proportionably, of the fame fpecies foutll; ' f1:eering no nearer the breakings of goods, for the fees of the officers; as tb:lIYoil feven ' and fix fathom water, till we above faid. c:\\he)'rteaf the follth point 'of th~ bay of The fourth, we began to fend goods a- ChOilide ; )1:0 eAter whichiwerang'd the' fouch !hore, to {etrle our fatl:ory, ' paying before- ffi:6re'; 'on five, four, three and a h~lf, and hand. five pieces for the rent of the houfe, iH~eiditrl\Omi 'and through art ·overfight, for all the time we might keep it; and Mr, carne Into fifteen · foorwater, 'about eleven Barbol, affi!l:ed . by, cwo' Whites, gave con- ~-'~.I\:Ji;ll'd ' with the ftre cinE! the ,k.fks a-c\\I!'boat9 .at .h·at b.aah, not far · ttl the wheat, tho'~.t 119 ~xcemve .dear rate; ' :0~. ealtward of toa r~a«lilyrn!1l near .fhelfhore_ ' at one piece 9f,<:iljr .!;lelt forts of go.ods;'. b~~.rs ~';J'rhtl fattoty /ltOQd, to-' obe fou ohl~weft of bafons and Annqb!zj[es, of an Englijh ~?-p..raih ~!\eroad l" Rit: fO(l1cP di{i\:a"hce; ' and, norrll'eaft Eriford, ne~emty h~ving no I~w.; which',we ,frtlm tile"ViUnge.i(ttibind8,'dwhich lies 'of{ the fetch'd abda:"~. the ' thirty-firlt at rJm'inbe'r. .t Q\lil.d_ For which re.afGn, -fri<=.k. - J',he (l:ic~ ~ ~ght~en j%he~ ; wee provifions ~.t~ of~11 very fcaree, but Jome , ~\Cl.<,s ~[e.a~cop*~ :~ f'l-5~9t?, Apno'ut fa- other timrlSy .1_Waea~ ther'e are few >[Oteigti ,_ .t.h!".Q,l. make what t IS here cal1'8 a pletel !hips in ~h~- -r'ba~,r.they roay be had..a'& rea~ fonable rates. they B~R~\kT.l . · They have no cattle ,. ex~pt fame hogs, ajhip combe ~ofa middle lize, .which are commonly fold a gun- itendc ac two or three fa~hom a headi; but poultry, tofleep, lala efp eciall y chickens, are plenty enough: a fick perJon belc . they have alfo parrotS( a wild-cow' irnparnguazze -'-:, a .woman "'.' inqmbeiros with merchandize, who fome- trade driven there, is in Pombo. It \ It has tnany pleafant fields, trees, and tonga, where is' a garnfoll of Blacks, in BAF,bor. fruits, and abounds tn. cattle, as goats, " twenty three degrees eaft longitude of the .......J "'o'-, fheep, hogs and cows.: tt. was ·never ·fubjeCl: meridian of London. ' , to Congo, . but vIes wIth It for ' wealch and There 'are fevera! other illands within it; lj1an,/s, magnItude. ' , for about nine miles up it 'divides into two , branches, which form an iflanr\ about four T 'I'hc. kingdom of ANGOLA or DONGO. ; miles long,"i and half : a mile ,broad; ,call'dTha, of, It; name, HIS country, by the Por~ugzieje caJl'd Maifander or'Maifnndera. " ,, :,t' ~affiln- Angola, Ites between the rtvers Dandti This ,inllnd pl'oduces many forts of fruits, era, _ and Coanfa; the name of Angola belongs not ' efpecially : the Mandioca" , which 1 planted; . 'l'roperly to the land, but is the title of the there; grows extraord inary thick; great prince, who alfum'd and continues it from, quantities ofi ndia II wheat and millet, three the firft king thereof, who fell off from times a year; beficles palm-trees, and fl-uit Congo, to whom it belong'd by right of in-' ca!l'd Guajav'!s. ' , heritance: the right name being Dongo, tho' Ten 0" ' twelve li1iles'abov«, this lies ano-Motihi.- I I formerly, and fti1J by fome call'd Ambonde, ther, call'd Molihia1lZt1, three miles long, m •. and the inhabitants Ambolldes. " and half a mile broad, very low ground, Extent. It ftretches along the rea-coaft about fif" excepting two mountains, befet with , all, teen leagues, but runs about an hundred up forts of plants and 'herbs, and feeding many' into the country eaftward. Jarik borders goats, fheep, hogs and heiis: ! it on the north with the kingdom of Congo; SotTle years ago five' or fi x families of in the fouth with that of Mataman ; in the l FOYluguefe lived there, who had many naves, eaft with Mayemba or Malemba; and in the and maintain' d rhemrelves chiefly with Mall- weft with the fea, near Cowes-bay; but, djoca. , ., .' makes it extend th4ty-five leagues along Lukala or Luid/a river comes from -A1/!- Lubla the fea. boille, having its head near the r·ife of theriver. Rive;;. It is water>d by divers rivers, as the Co'" fiver Panda; and running fouth.weaward, allfa , the L ukala, and the Kaluka.la. till about fi x and twenty miles from 'the fea; The river eoanfa is in nine degrees twenty it joins the Coanfal andIo ,lores its nanle. minutes of fouth latitude; four miles and a The fmall river Kallikaia funs a,Gr6fs the Kalukala. half from Sleepers-haven to the fouthward ; territory of Illalnba; 'with fmh ~l'traordinary or fix miles from cape Palmarinko, and five windings and meanders, that th~rds fcam! to the northward of Cabo Ledo ; has an un- one of !he two and forty dorhinioQs, ' into certain original, for no Wbiles h~ve ever been whieh this kingdom is di"ideci, that lie fo' far 'as its fprings. above an hour's walk from it, The moft correCl: geographers of this Some lakes appear at the points of the age extend this river from the fea-fide, to Coanfa or Bengo, the chiefeft where'iJf are in twenty-nine degrees of ealt 10nO'itude of the lordfhips of 2!..uihailo, Angolome, and LOJldon meridian, in the country oft he :f,im- Chame. ", . , bas, whjGh they fay are reported to be the Angola con rains feve~al inferi0r territories fame as thefe call'd the Gallas, bordering or lor~fhips, as Loanda, SiltJo, IIIamba, ,J- at fouth on the kingdom of Nimeamalle o~ kolle, Enfakq, MajJi{1gan, Embakka-, ' Kalam· Mono-emugi. This kingdom reaches ~aft. ba, each ofwhich 'wmprehendsfev.eral lit tle ward t9 the ~ounery of Melinda; the coaft provinces, govem'd by particular fJo,vaffil/J whereof is wafh'd by the Indian or eaftern or rulers, viz. Loallda contains thirty nine·; ocean, and belongs to the Portugueje. IlIambas fony ewo I ' Ikollo weft, and well: north· in tafie from India pepper, but not fo hot: well:, lies lkollo. Tamarinds, potatoes, coco-nuts, fome of Eo13ka. Enfaka begins fix or feven miles eafi of the leITer fize, of the fame fort and nature a- Loanda, and lies between the two rivers, gainft poifon, as thofe of the Maldivy ifiands Connfa and BCIIgo. It is but a fmall jurif- oetween Madagafcar and cape Komorri lin diction, and may be travelled through in India; and therefore call'd by rhe Portuguefe, half a day. . Cocos de Moleva, They have alfo fmall and great , l Congo..lRl•' ver. " great millet. ,whereof they maite : bread: . one , ,ti;om,,,the othe~, beill~ both of a.~nrkgAn}loT. che(nlft-colour beans, c~ll'd Enkp.l!.a, . and grey. ,' They do no hahn, nor go alho~e, ~.\("!':'I bananas. B?th garden and field"fr\lit growl Th.e, .(leih ,fir the upp.er rIiart of J th~in /Jody " h~r~ ,w~th IJtt) ,~ labour, . viz" ,turnips, ra- t!l,lJ;c,s. \~i~" , po~~>i " t~e . Io,w~r ,.part is,lome" ~I.~es, ! cabbag~~" . but,more 0PeiJ,~han thofel what eaner, bU9 all reckon.'d good fpPQ Jby, Wlth,,\ ~ ; , colllfj.<;>:>vers, . carrocs" ".purnain, ; tl,le. nl\1iy,~s, !efEr~illjl.ly .bro.il~d. , Tiley, take ~pin~ge,Ja~~, , hyffop( , thyme, ~..f~C\~t,mar~j tlt~w,,\n :H. ~cs, ~,~ ~pell kil), them;, y;j~I"barp; , Joram, .,conande.r.{eed, _ ~nd.the~Ii!<.~':)J ae;, Jl);g,-lmn!:. ",In}ll~i~ 1 ~eac:l~ are cer~it), \ ~ittle fides gum-maJ,bch, .. which i diruJ~ fr,om a · q9ne~*,' ·Whic/1 ,.i;>eatel),lupll ,and . ta~,Ilt,in cree, and fmeHs. hke gum-elenli;d.,being: ,a , w}rle., ; ,{trq , ,(~ip. to ~e an r excellcpt , \,emeclYI wholefome medlcme for colds and bruifes ,' aga,l,nfr ;rh,\ . grax~1 I~ .. t,h~rcin~ or ,G!i\c\~e~, and {rom.a certain plant they ext'1la~joes:! QU~I thore of the Illale~ ,the l. ie ll:.ll(p'f,,~ht? as goo~ ,!\S that.of. Soccotal'a, nea.~ '.t"e , !Re,d- ribs , lhey make br,ayelets in Angola, .,aqd ~:1.1h~ '~~ods ~Imoll: l~~~ bea~s\ reckq1,l t(lem to ,ha'le a ,virtue to {\-op ble;ec\-. breed ' ' the ing, efpecially thofe of'the left rib nexqhe as ,in' Coi'go, viz. tygers, ieopards, ikms" , red hcyart. J ' j'lr . ~n 7." ~;:' i 'f: ,'I '\i')I I' ! · buff.dos, . bea rs, ·v.:plves, foxes;- ,very great Me~olla faysl ! the tl\,er,Z(lir,has pleptyof wild cats, and cat-a-mountains;- t~e pe~(1; thefe monll:rous finles ,oq mermaids,. !r~fem­ M akoko, Empnltlllga , civet-cats, rbinocerots, bling a woman upwards, but the lower part wild-bears, Emgalla and cameleons: belldes like a fifh, ending in a forked taiL Ie is cattle ,fo\ provillon, a~ Jheep, goats, hogs, bell: caught in rainy weather, becaufe the and the like. . , '" " water being ther di{\-ur,b'd, it canno~ prr- The land and houles are much infell:ed ceive th~ fiJherrnen" ivfho commonly go in with poifonous vermin, fcorpions,millepedes, canoes, pagdlil)g .Yrry,! fo(tly . towards the otters, and ferpents; among which, one by place they perceive them to lie in, by the me Blacks call'd Embamma, has a mourn motion of the water,. an~.fo I1:rike them with :wide enough to fwallow a whole buck, lying fpears; and when ht.l~t, they are fa id to, giv6 III the ways like a dead trunk of a tree; a cry like." human ':'9.i,ce. If not ,very well ., but falls upon beall:s or men, as they pafs ftruck, they will often:ge.t away, efpccially if by. Another (orc of poifonous ferpent the fiJherman be in a, '{cry fmall _canoe, when breeds there, whofe back-bone they wear he is obliged to let them go with the ja- about their necks, . as an infallib Ie r~medy yelin ll:icking .il] them. ;' ! againll: th: king's evil. , _ In the hill:ory -of .Denmark, we have arl Fifo. The nvers Coan/a, Lukala, and Bengo, · account of fome fuch creatures feen 1n the yield great plenty of excellent fiJh; among fea about Greenlrmci; ,both males and fe· which, great crabs. And the fea affords al- males, the male in the Norwegian tongue moll: infinite forts, particularly Pergomu- call'd H~j1ramb, a man-fiJh, appearing fuch latos, which the Portuguefe call Pel/ados, al- to the waill: ; being like a man if! the.ey,es, moll: like a roach; E(quilones, f&ikouffis, nofe, head, brRad Jhoulders and arml, but KII/Jones, Syopos, Dorado!, Bonitos, Albaco- without hands, (,and tranfparent as ice, never res, Pergos de Morocbermes, Roukadores, rillng out of the., water above the middle. Kofvilles; . as alfo mackarel, and fucking" TheJemale, c,all'd rin" the fame language fifh, in vall: quantity, befides oill:ers and Margugwer, like a woman, with , ,large mufcles. .breall:s, . long hair, arms, and fingersjoin'd The lakes alfo' breed leveral creatures, with (kins, ltke the feet of a goofe ; ,they etpecialJy thofe of Angola, !?0ihile, ahd AII- catch fifh with thefe hands. ,The Danes golm, in the province of MajJillgan; where, fuperlbtiouny fancy they are the forerunners M"mRi~. among omers, is taken a fiJh, by . the inha- of ll:orms, and that if they appear with their bitants call'd Ambifangalo, and PejiCIIgoni; back to a Jhip, it ,w,ill inevitably perinl ; : Anna X?ng.a;p6r~iid'Mfffigi1an ';, and'ambng Hn'i:lier~ 'Iak-es' al!'o D¥lel! g' ~adnt~t1h;s'bf tli'eJJligfJj!,' 1 ;"t "II': n'"n .- '~ I ... i ) _,ell;, fe'a~hdrfes ' erbGqdile!, " ~,nd ~any ilrliefant.:: , T~e1\};~Jhos of l!biHtilf itre ,I;lIfo'C;f tw9 pli)tiioOs ~~im3;I~! ''';'I'n ,rL" ' ~r l ;1"",0 ,,;,1 'I,. forts,' a ;'fiher ' lInd(!a:'cbarfe~; " feparated , by Nati7Jes, Q'il every dri(riini6h \ df- ',Afzgilla" tliei-'e" are' fiftin~.~~he<.J~'t:i\!r'ltheYU~me'Sirizb~j-'~i[a'iias, f~ur,:,Ibr~sv~f people-~ Il t.li~ !Wn ?~ble;!:ne'n' o,t the odie¥ f'onda ' unit BOthba:1p onh'therClthey. MoItIl~,I';J,\he fecond"call'dldlllqren' 'Bf' dre, fetid to:Ob~t'~ : ahdare' cirrieti thither tiit the do' ,"'·, ' 0'" , 'be'lngl na}"Je'S'·, .-·c11 11 , Y' rO1,r "th,e.-oI ! h ea 'd,S'f)?",f .nD'rr~:U"L~I I',""r '"<,tc ,"?,,s' r:n~,i :iI e'J p fi,tr aw- "" eS'imboIofchYlo'ther ' coafts '6f 'Cdltgo ~HeTrj : ' tflt;fourth .!lio:lilk'&, l)~iri~ irfd have's' are 'rhHeJfer' [or-ts :','iiH' things are b'olif#' iq , of {l\_~ ' Si;~tlJfen;" &6tj.~ri':bX War;_J:orrifth~r~ GOllgO: w~~~, ,~lJofe ~e~ls" ever go.!?? N'w, wlfe! ,{Oli c_ ' ", 'v 1,( .. J , IL..,'~' :D ,,;,,' and provthol)s; ani) "the ufe of com, ' eIther Th.eir clothing CQlT)es v~ry ne~rt<;> d13t of Of-gold'oj. nny 6thtr 'h1~tal,is fupp'rdfed 'and COligoPthe ' tlrname'~tsl 'df' tlle'ir ' riecR~ 1 an~ forbid 'iidll! ,Oo'n&o; af it' i~ in fanle other arhls/trodpd glars', 1:i'e~~s:; '~!\eY ,'~'ar! ?fl2~los. J parts of 4Jrica. ' ,', ' I . . 'J1he lAngolijh tongti~" dtf.fers 'from 'that of ,They -ufe alfo 'in 'Lo-anda inftead of money GOllia ohly in ,the prdnl)n cLttion/y~t' i,ha~ the red 'fdkoel wood of Mllyumba, ' arid Pao makeS'it found liky 'aq'cflher l,anguagy. ':" de Kikongo, ',brought from Bengllella, and cut : j{ wOIrtan, 'as Idljg ' as 11eT r:~ild' has: po into pieces about a foot Iqng, of a ftc value, teetl\'l ,keeps from'lier IllfSbaiia.-\' biJ~ as' foon wh,itfi ~very Ol1e knows. . . as:i't hals'any ,all thefri~n~~ .a'nal a,~q\Jai~tante, - It' will feeiBll:range to Europeanj to hear, oqth,:men and women; 1 carry' It 1(1 ~he[r orms that ' ,the p~ople of : Loanda, Congo, ' and frotn " no'~fe to hO\lfe',!' r1 fly' iHg:altd"firigirlg ; 'Angola fhould ufe ' ffiel,l,s, 'pieces of wood, \9 'rec:eive a gift for iii --and'iHtlorrrllt fi6vdt and , bit~ 'of ,clothinl)'ead ' of money; .' but are- 'p'uJ-o'ff' with a den'iii!." l,!f)" '.n" y, -, we' readoffeveral other nations, which have Cw,uts for " 'Ii11h!ad lof money , diey 'ufe~" ad'~ ;Lp'4'nda~ nori v~I'~ed gold and filJer as we dq, or at m., th~rrhal! cloths, ' ciH'Cl Liponi~!; ' i~I:j !PJnbJ!- lealF 'rna'de a'ther thing~ to' feeve inftead of /tlmbos, ' abovefpok~n 'of, '--Of tpefem ,acthe fugar-mills, and in the mines, the Eu- , the' iOaild' St. 'fome,( but the dye 1$ not fo ropeallS not being' fuffiCient for that labour; , gootl~' -ilridthe ftuW "coarler. " Thefe ihey and no men can do it fo well as thefe A17,- _e xchange for {laves, to fend into' Portugal. golans ,fdr a time :' and thus it is at the ex- " Tl/eY.havc; two forcs ofSimboJ,which ferve pence' of the' lives' of thefe' poot wretches, , irr'lieU,1of.moneY1 ' 'lJiz: ' ptire Simbos, ' ta~en ' that · 'we ' draw fuch v;lft wealth from A- '.Undet ' tte ' 'i{land of Loanda, and ured for merictk ' It is affirm'd; that when the Spa- ,u~de ' in'Pimto; :and 'impure, ' or Bra'zile's, niards. wer~ r:n~fters ofPorlug~l, they tranf- ' bra~ght- from 'Rio. 'tie Janitro, and urea- in ported every year -fifteen tllouf~nd n~ves c ~, .) \,) v . ' out oUt of' A1Igoia;- iMD the riew' w'O;I'd, And. , : ~foCl\.~' with led )ilh;' great t\c1~il)~I;W;thB,1Awtr': th~ Porll/K"eje l1:ill tranfporta " ~~W gr~~t number. "... '. 'uf t I~ng itnpes, and ~n~ ,wr,o.~ght ' ~~d l~e r:C:eys, ~ I , t .). Stlejia ahd other fine 11l1neli, .- ~n,e' y~IVet, ~o:r~~'m. ' .~A1} t,hofe Oaves 'ih'~' Po~/ilgukfl dufe t~ b~ a' \I1Wll i1l)d" gre~t gol~ and Wyel; la~e~;: , ~~o:!d p , bought/by their I 'P;'I,iber~oJj, ; l{lihd{~a ! ai'jtl fifty ,:ol-tw({ h'U'n'il~e~ , lta" ~~!' ur~,,\!;€ 9!ad~ ,,~,~y~, , T"~kifo \apIll':y 9~ 'qlfp,ets, " . ~d~r.tty;:; 'whe~&r~~~ 1:i~i~itih~ii(/ap:~~~ wiute anip,l1 torts of coloUr'CI yit'fj:' blue '''. . •f f, id: ~li~ foo~ 4\l~: pl~TI*,~,ads, ' ftiiclling, r'~d /~~!,h~ li,i,k, the Tea·coaft ; , ha'Ve Iltde lit 'rifle \Va'fj ~~n,ar.'j' j',':In,~S, bf~nd>:, ,!I,n(ced-o/1 ./eamehs ~l1d lie ,Oh ' till! ba'r~ ' g\-'8dnH\J ev'~Fy 1 ri)~!1~ N~he, ope:«~t~~ ~'~ltho~t ~~Y,;g9t~'f!.9.~1 ~f\*~1/1 , all (orts qrrp,tC~S,' ''Ylllle, ,~u~~t, ane! £ r\~?y , ?t\le: cOll)q]?,~!t!es "and ~I'tffes? as Which ,makes them .gr6w poot and f,:tl1'lt\ - n h 'l't:; q J '~f \ -1(' ~rs~r)Myjlooks, plm, a finger Ib.n'~" ordl" ,' , " t'~~ ~ e ortugrifj,e'r acl' tL,.{o anda"' f J1 :Jefore , :lley na\Xn" lOS, I needles, and great' and final! Por". ' ,are-fhip" off, ' put' thetn'lirito a IiirEadloufe h 'w\vl'I b~l!s " 'IU , ' \V~i2li}h ?~ilr tI~hf(:' f~r,.l~~r~-?li~Wd!e'; , H).:l~h,\'.' ::rI,1 1'" I , ' ,I JrI ''' ', ' guef. take ,y have' l '\~~l '(:IlSlyo com,P9~e ~heJr carp'o~s gehe· '";:,;1 :\~9 gl\i~ ,them, thm, Jill, Of meilt,Mc! driN~! l'a%1 p,f; brars b~\.qns" A/lIiab1J!?f~ ,blue f1 ' as ~1fo pa,lnHI\ to refrefh and a~\)lht t),el!1" bafts" p~per brawis! Guznea ftu[fs, mufketsj {etv.e~' wlt,h' ,Bm If it happel)s thjlF ih1"! powder; Niccmeel, ' t~p{tils, (carJet;; ' papej' are 'no ,ll:lIpS ready, or that they have not pe.fiis, ,soral, .bay~, ,w,W.ught pe\vfFr,' beads, i1a,~,e~en6u~h tof~nd , away, tlien' they;' ~fs l)l't,!doe~" \ii1.d t?~~~her:'ri~~ ; tltliets. . : frCi!lJ ' ,thrt(to tIme; \1aV~ onbra narrow entrance; and ~~~ H~b1- (ul'iqued, ,)J,ave rema11J'd ,ul'\der th~m,. , ' rations cannot properly be ca!.I'd ; ho,uf9s. .. ' ~the1 ~tm's trye IIngoliim '\Ill', ,are ,bows and x" ·i,,,,_. but ,fiigh~ puts, made,of, ruthes ' ani:l '!~:raw, arri:!if ',itlq ja~dins, " a'nd' have; learnt CQp. ..· .- after the manner . \.' .. ,'A VOY;AGE to ,Congo-River. ,)21 The nephew, whom the Portugueji: had forth ma'ny' :branches, from which' hangBARBoT. fet \1 pan the throne, being dead ; Angola down feveral fmall ftrings of a golden' co- ""~ Sodefla, who fucceeded him, made them pre- lour, which when they once touch : tne . felltS fecretly, to have their proteCl:ion. ground, take faft root, ; fpr ing up again like All the Bla~ks of Angola, till of late new plants, and in a fhort timc, ,oincreafe liv'~ in paganifm, ~ling ~ dance, by therr: to a large bulk; from whencc, as ,from the - call: d Qlf'mboara, III which they faid the firlt, new Itrings hang down again, , and devil certalllly enter'd one of them· ' and take rOot, ftill fpniading: fa that fometimes thro' him inform'd them of future' 'and one lingle tree will extend its bounds above ' - palt 'events. Now, by the endeavours of the a thoulillld ' paces, , a'nd [eems I ike a little Portllgue!e jefuits, they are brought to the wood or thicket. R oman Catholick religion, In the yeai' 1584, The great fprouts, ' with fa many clofe many thour.1nds receiv'd baptifin ; fa that boughs, entirely {hut alit th~ fllll·beams; ,in ' 590, there were about twenty thouf.1ncl and tile cavities with in ' rcpc,lt :\n echo thre,' f.1milies in AJlgoln chrif1:ians: the (;1I11 e )'Car or fOllr times. \ ,fifteen hundred marc were converted; and Moll of the 'citlzens of Loalldll have thert the Portl/grleji: to this day labour very much feveml littl e fllch verdant arbors, 1 where in the faine good work. ' , they come over to divert thel11felves, and which, together with' the eVer'green trees 'I'he ijland of L a AND A, planted abo ut, afford a very agreeable LIE S before th~ city Loanda , in eight profpeCl:. ' " ; degrees forty-eight minutes fouth lati- The leaves of the young boughs refem- tude; making a good and convenient haven ble thofe of the quince-tree, being of a for !hipping: the whole about feven leagues whiti!h green and woolly. The fruit with- in length" and in the broadelt pl~ce not in arid 'without red, fprin gs between the above half a league over; fa thanhofe who leaves of the young branches like' an ordt- fail by, may eafily. fee the fea rtin between nary fig. it and the main land. Very , credible eye-witneffes report, that Pigafetia fuppofes' it to have grown up three thoufand men : may ,be ,llielterl d under from the fett.ling~ of fand and mud, ' thrown one of thefe trees. '. , I • up there inbeaps, by the force of the two Within its outermolt or firlt bark, they great waters of Bengo and eoanfa ; fra'niin'" find fomewhat ' like a thread or yarn, which it a plain iOand, about a 'mile ' fro~ th~ being) beateh, clean fed; and drawn' out at city,. behind. which the fhips ride: ', the en- length \ the common people make cloth of. trance Into It IS ' by two narrow paffages, T 'his tree grows al fa in Arabia, and India, according to Merolla, at the extremities of where , the inhabitants, cutting away : the the nip. [mall 'boughs, make arbors under them ' for The whole fpot is , one level plain, but coolnefs and {hade. very dry and fandy, only in fam e place'S M erolla.fays, all tlie drinking water ufed ,may be feen a few bu!hes and 'brambles' ; in'the'city is taken up in this iOand; , and ~the and on the north fide, here and I there, ftrangelt is, that it , is fweetelt at the flood, fome hawthorn !hrubs. The land by [he and fait or brackin, at the ebb. fea-fide isfo fteep, that not above a mufket- The' iOanders ufe ' canoes made of the !hot from the !hare t here is twenty feven or bodies of date-trees j oin'd together, in which twenty eight fathom water; and a mile they fight at fea. ' ' from thence a line of a hundred fathom can FOfmerly ' the ]agonlwelt here, but the reach no ground. Portuguefe drove them out in the year 1578. On this iOand are feven towns or villages, and purfued them to MajJillgan; at the fame by the inhabitants call'd Libar or Libata ; time railing a fort there for their fccurity. 'the Portugueji: call the beft of them Santo In this iOand the grey-colour'd Simbos are Efpiritu. There are two churches or cha- taken LIp, which carried to Congo, and other pels, and the Portugueji: have divers gardens places, go for current money ; fa that this and orchards, wherein grow oranges, lem- place may jul1:ly be term'd the l'(lint of mons, citrons, pomegranates, excellent figs, Congo. For tho' other parts of the coalts bananas, coco-nuts, grapes, and other fruit; of Congo produce Simbos, yet thofe of Lo- but corn is fa great a Itrang@r to it, that anda are the be ft. they are oblig' d to fe~ch fupplies from other It is commonly the women who gather or places. fifh thefe Simbos ou~, of the fea, in this man- It produces the great tree, by the natives ner: they walk to about the knees, or caU'd Eiifada; by Cluflus the Indian fig-tree, their middle in the water, with certain baf- by LinJchoten in Portugueji:, Arbor da Raiz, kets, which they fill with the fand, among tharis, the rooting-tree. which the Simbos breed, and returning to It fprings up commonly with one thick the beach, pick them out. Thefe fhells are body to a great height, at the top fhooting of two forts, males and females, and very VOL. V. 6 R fmall ; A :r V O:Y. !A~G E ,to Congo-River. BA RD~", fmall; the females are of the beft colour Moulas eight; thence to Rio de Se fifteen; ''-'Y'''. and handfome. . . i thence to tbe bay of 'Cabinde four, five and The two entrances into the port Qf the fiX ; in the mouth of the river Zair or Cong" city Loanda, form'd, as was faid before, . by feven '; from Borrciros Broncos to Rio do this ifiand, are on the north and (outh. That Andr~z eight to ten; a'nd from thence to on the,fouch call'd Barra de Corimba, .. where Rio B engo eight, fix and eight: where epd ,form~ly was about five fathom water; is' the obfervations of the deptbs along the now almoft choak'd .with Cand. The Por- ,coaft Couthward. tuguefe had formerly two batteries on thisen- The common trade-winds at the toall: of:., ' .I. 'l,"· ' l.l I, :J.I , I, •. r;, ii .. n: )-/ . 3S o F 55 dOL I '-5 ~JJ{!lOPJCX 35 THE B o o K II. - Seafoll to fail for GUINtA. that is, at Senegal, Gamboa, and GUiliM i Am of bpinion, that the propereli: [ea- fior in the voyage from thence to the main, 1fon to render the Guinea voyages moll: or to the ifiands of America, neither during profperous and fafe, is to depart from our ftay there : as Iikewife, in otir return _Europe about the latter end of September, thence to Europe; it will probably free us, to enjoy the longer the good feafon on that iti fome meafure, from the tempe!1:uous we:t- mall:; and to have a fufficient time to carry ther often teigning in Augufl about the Ber- on the trade there, fo as to reach the Lee- mudas ifiafids '; ' and on 'the coa!1:s of Britany ward ifiands of America by the latter end of and Poiftou in OCtober, if we do not reach April following~ which is the time wh1!n land fame time before Mithaellllas. they make the fugar there; that fa lhips Our courfe from Rocbel 'to Guinea, was COIlrfo· may have their fuJI lading, and fail thence directed for cape Fini/lerre in Galicia, 'fo as for Europe again before the feafon of hurri- to have fight of it, if pomble; or twenty canes there; and arrive here before the to twenty-five leagues we!1: of it, accotding boi!1:erous weather, which ufually reigns on as the wind ferv'd. our coafts about the beginning of OCtober, From that cape w~ !1:eer'd fddth (outh- which the Frencb !tile Coups de vents de la weft, directly for Madera, if we had occa- St. Michel, or Michaelmas ftorms \ the fad liorl to call there; or fouth by ea!1:, to effects whereof I fufficiently felt in O[fober Gran Canaria. Others pafs betwixt this J 68 I, aboard the Jolly man-of-war. Having ifiand and Fuerte Veil/lira; others, after fail'd from Rochel road on the feventh of having touch'd at Madera, or otherwife, OCtooer for the coalt of Guinea, and after we coming from the northward, paiS by the had fight of cape Ortegal, in Galicia, we 'met we!1: of Palma, fometimes in fight of it; with fuch a violent fiorm from the fouth- and othets yet more wefterly, as is thought we!1:, 'and variable, that we were fixteen mo!1: proper, or as the wind ferves. At my days toffed up and down in the bay, the firll: voyage I paffed betwixt Fllerle VeIltllr(/ fea running mountain high, and dreadfully and Great Canary; and at the fecond, be- breaking into our lhip, which fpoil'd abun- twixt the former and the main bnd of A/rica: 8ance of our provifions, and much difabJed and thereby had rhe opportunity of draw- us in our fails and rigging. However, being_ ing the profp ects of Lancerota, Gracio/a, a !1:rong lhip, we kept fea; but our paffage Fllerte Ventura, Great Canary, 'I"meriff and to Senega river lafted forty eight days: Gamera, as in the print here annex'd, for Pl.ATE ~ t; whereas, in a former voyage, begun a fort- the advantage or (atisfaction of travellers. night later, we made our paffage in twenty The other cut reprefents the N{o fmall PLATE i8; four days. illands, Las Defiertas, ea!1: fouth-eall: of In this manner we make ourGuinea voyages Madera, the town and road of FUlIchal, in without much hazatd or fatigue; being in the' latter ; with :thepro[peCl's of Gome;-a, a manner certain, to have moft of the time the pike of'I"eIIeriff, aNd P a,lma, drawn by good fair weather, and no conlidenible tem- my nephew Jame; Barbot, in his paffage to pe!1:s at fea; either at our departing from Congo, as merltion'd In 'Che firft book of Europe, during our palfage, or whilft we the Supplement. carry. ~n the trade on the coa!1:s of Nigritia~ Of A 'D ESC RIP T ION of BA~Rno';'. Of MAD ERA and Po R TO SAN TO. ' 7"be CAN A R Y .!/lands. ~ THE i!hnd Madera, fo call'd by the WEST of the coaft of Biledulgerid in 'Spaniards, Madeira by the Portuguefe, Africa, are the illands caU'd Canaries, and by the ancients Cerne Atlantica, lies in after the name of the largeft of them, one degree thirty·nine minutes longitilde;: tli9ught to be the fortunate iOands of the and clllny.two degrees thirty minutes of ancients. They have been fubjeCl: to the north-latitude; being about twenty leagues crown of Spain, fince the year 14-17, when in length, feven or eight in breadth, and firft difcover'd by Jobn de Betancourt, a forty-eight in circumferfnc.e, /" ',' ~Frencb man, in-,the, f~rvice of the king of S'ome fay ,It, was firft; dlfcoverA by an Cafltle, ; who fubdu d , Fuerte 17elttura and Engli/hman, ca]l'd 1!1a~bam, ,ann,af do it within pi!l:ol-Ihot of the town, becaufe to fucha prodigious height, that I have the boi!l:erous fouth-weft winds often force feen it: plain at forty-five leagues di!l:ance; ' them from their anchors, and they muft Ihowing; as reprefented in the print here PLATE 3'; then of neceffity make out to fea, to avoid annexed. ' the two il1ands call'd Defiertas. All Euro- Fucrte' 17entura, in ancient geography Caf Fuerte pean r!!tions trade thither, , and receive in peria, lies in five degrees thirty minutes lon- Ventura: exchange for their commodities wirie, much gitude, and' twenty-fix degrees of latitude; ufed throughout all the American iOands, being about twenty-five leagues long from as keeping beft in hot' countries; fugar, fouth·weft to north-ea!l:, the breadth very w~x; oranges, lemmons, pomegranates and irregular; but the circumference about citr6n~: ' " ' " feventy-five , leagues round the coa!l:s, which .'porlo Sail/a was difcover'd by the fame form two bays, much like the ends of the perfons a~ 'Madera,al1d is about eight Mat,a crofs. leagues in~ compafs;' having' on it fome iril- Lanzdrote, formerly Centuria, is in five Lanza- Jages and hamlets; being alfo fuojeCE t6 the degrees forty-five minutes longitude, and rote, crown of Portugal. , I twenty~fevi:n,degrees' Jatitude; about thitreen , ~~ the Canary . 1l1ands.: leagues long from north to fouth; nine in TO. V 0 Y A 0 E. cOlllilll,1 d. . BARBOT. I · breadth, and forty in compafs. . retUrn to our ~oyage: Whether you ,"""" \ Gorr:ra. Gomera, the 'fbeode of the anciertts, is irt ; ,fail betWeen Grilli Canaria and . Fuerle . the firft , de~ree of longitude, and twenty- Venlura, or between this latter and the ,~on­ feventh of latItude, about twerity-two leagues tinent of Africa, you are to make cape .iJo'· in circUmference, having a pretty good jador; on the coaft . of the Zeneglles; . as the haven, arid a town of the fame name, which Porluguefe call them, ot Zuellziga, accor- . might probably b e derived from the Go- ding to the French; which province is; by . meres, a people of Africa, living on the lome reckoned a part of Libia Interior, . ex- ., mountains of the little Atlas, according to tending it to Cabo Branco, or White cape: tho' . Nfarmol. other authors pla~e its limits on the coaft l:1ie)ro. . The Wand Hierro, as the Spaniards call it, between cape Nao and cape Bojador, and tho' others more frequently Ferro, in an- at this laft commence the kingdom' of Gua- cient geography Pluvialia, is betwixt the lata, and thence to Senegal-river extend that fjrft meridian and thirty minutes of longi- of Genthoa. tude, and in twenty-fix degrees forty-five The ancient geography lays dowri a piace .dncitnt minntes latltnde; about ten leagues lorig, near. cape Bojador ·fomewhat fouth of Chi- nomlJ. five broad, and twenty-fi ve in compa[s: the fams Fluvius, giving the liame of Siral1gm foil dry and barren in 'fome parts, for want to the people inhabiting that maritime part of water, which has given many authors oc- of Africa, between the. filid river Chifarus cafion to tell a formal f1:ory of a tree fup- and that call'd Salalbtls, which falls . into plying all the iOand with Water, ,~hich is the ocean oppoGte to" Fuer!e Velltllra, o~e of fince known to be a fable, and therefore riot the Ganarv iOands above-mention1d, exten- ' Worth mentioning. This iOand is ·become ding them to the mountain Alias Major, . particularly famous, from the French navi- which feparated the ancient Gelllli from the gators placing their firft meridian in the AUloiolm and the 'fingitallq, now M~lwco; center of it. and to the fouth\vard of the Sirallgce places Graciofa. Graciofa and Alegria have nothing in the Mal/foli, extending to the river Ophidius~ , ~nd Ale- them worth obferving ; but the firft was now R io do Ouro, or the golden river... " gria. by the ancients call'd Juniona Major; and We ufually [ail along this coaf1:,. at abou,c aflin ' the latter Jllniona Minor. . . . . feven,eight,ornineleaguesdiftance, in thirty, 0 g. Palma. Palma anciently Caparla, lIes .10 thIrty thirty-five, forty, and fony-five fathom wa7 minutes longitude, and twenty-feven de-· ter, fandy-ground,. mix'd with fmall fou~ grees forty minutes latitude, and is feven ftones; but within· two . leagues of the fhore leaO'ues long, ten in breadth, and . twenty- the depth is eight and ten fathom. The. fix °in compafs: in it is the mountain of wind generally varies from north to eafl:; and. goats, whence its former name; and which very rarely comes to fouth-weft. " .. . ufed to caft out fire and f1:ones. Cape. Bojador is fo called from it~. running Cop, Bo'; The air of thefe iOands in general is good, far out Into the fea, whIch the name.lmports;jador. tho' hot; and the foil fertile, producing and has a bending, which makes a hollow or wheat, barley, millet, and excellent wine, fort of bay. The Portllgueje formerly durft tranfported thence to moft parts of Europe; not fail any thing near it, for fear the tide, but more particularly to Greal-Britain. which fets fl:rong there, fhould carry them There are abundance of poplar, fig, pome- upon the breakings and fhoa Is that .a re . abou~ granate, citron, and omnge-trees: they alfo the cape. For many years that natIOn would yield fugar and dragon's blood, befides not venture beyond cape Nao, fearing they fome other forts of gum. fhould not be able to return home; and Moft of the inhabitants are Spaniards; but therefar-e gave it that name, to denote there Am:ltnt there are fome remains of the ancient na- was no going beyond it : but having at Jan 1 loho. ~1Ies\ call'd Gua1lches, a very aCtive nimble furmounted that difficulty, they fl:uck no I SitA'fIts,· peopie, living on the mountains, who feed lefs at cape Bojador. Giles Yanez was the rnof1:ly on goats milk, being a hardy b?l.d tirft :of that nation, who had the courage to people, of a tawny con:plexion, now CIVl- pafs beyond that dreadful cape, which is by )jz'd by the Spaniards Irvmg "?'long them. fome fuppofed to b<; the mount of rhe fun, The Spanijb fleets returnl~g from th.e of the ancients; and by others, Ptolem/s Weft-Indies often make thefe lOands. thelf Arfrl1arium. Not rar from it is the town place ofr endezvous. To conclude with them, Bojador; and about eighty leagues eaftward; lhave obferv'd th.tthe high fouth fouth-weft up the country, ,beg\ns tbe famous ridge of wind fwells the ocean's wav.es very much qe- mountains, called by geogra)?hers Atlti~ Ma- Mc,.., tween rhe Canaries, but It . feldom blows jar, lying between the provmces of Brledul- Ada •• there. From the latitude of the mouth.of gerid.anci Zuenziga, ~nd ;reachirig :with its the ftreightstothefe iOands, weh.d. alway,s ' toe ·above thec1011ds ,; wh~nce the he~then good (port, catching doradoes" fh.rks, fly- pocts, took the fiCtion of-Allals beariog the ,ing fi~cs, fea-dqgs, artd tunny7fi1'h. heave~.s on his fholll~e~. : . :H CaPe . VOL. V. '~L' ~ZO" BA~~{ ' Cape Bojaqor' Iies'iil twerltf-fix'degrees of m'lj('d1w!th, frNlll lliells': , thefe' fores: of;fllb,. noi"tIi'-llltitl1dif,' ahd' three liutldr'edd1ftr:-tht~e: like the cod, ,keep' alwaiys; nei!r tlre~ b&tom. degrees' #ftY' minutes longitude!' eaft l;, thlt of! tlie·feat in',deep' watet\' and require' very current-about if, !etst fbutli' fu(jtli~weft'c!ight' lorig' line'~ tdJreach·tli€m., We: made aufirfu: lea~esl , ,', ' • our' , baits 'of pieces'offlelH;or of; Irerring~;, The cO'aft' a1\, alortg1 frorti- this1 capo' to' an'd:wneri' we had, gotfome of:tbem al1Oard, . .A1i~fa,dos' Rtl»'Vo:s; alarge ' Da~, :a:bl>ur! rbi~c' m{dl tr, f~a}h Ifjal!¥,. o~ whi;~,~ grees lout,h, in the feas of Madagaftar. hI~ m~," ,bll'd, a'pd . r~ t.utl1~Q. hpI1)~: v.mll tH~Ir, I have given fo large an accoum· of the fkm~ , ;, and , th~rw. .a s tI)i1;g~~)ll:eq;, pf,<;>l),t, th~~ llmks of the Guil1ean feas" in the J:lrecedelllG '1'lld; o~ theIr, v,oxage" " ~hpfi;; b;;lr~ t!led. defcripti\ln, . thar I' refer to it. ' lOok d upor as a ' raptX' r1 1 1449) /ill": We caught:l great, quantity, on thecoalll t.onJIG.ollzq/es tJil~d; t<:>, tJijl~ t.fl)e, place, 't~ of Zahara, of a fort of filh by' the, Fr.ench loac;li his 'lhip with Ghof~, llf,ins, ~V 1~.na9'1 called Chiem de Mer,or Rou.f!ette ': they, were theile, kill'~, fPWe o~ tIle. 9Nil(~s,. 3[\,9 \'?,?k generally females, each big with two liule a few. TillS J?1i\ce, I ~ hra.~ R,iq. qo, 0lf\~~i oJ: ones fhlJt up in a bag, faften'd to ~he fifh, by the goldel) nver., a pretty long ligament, through which'the ./II/gr.a dos Ca,vallNls a ~'!>YI \CCVert l ~agq~,~ Angra do. little twins were I1,ourilh'd, by the fubaance feuth ofl Selle MOl1t(~; ip it I ~ teA f,atlioI1,'I Cavallos. PLATE 3" of their dam, as the (igure reprefents it. water, and witho\l.t it , fOllr l eagu'~~ifl ~~~ That bag was full of a gloomy yellow. foft teen" twenty an>, tljlenry five, rea f~nJ' I~i~j~ Inatter, which I fupPQfe was to keep and with liGtle white ~ranfpa r<;f\t !tones, ' 1;'~y nourifh them ~ill the, t\\fle of being caft out Po;'~lIguefe call'd it by the above nam,e, fig~ by nature, mfymg bay of hor~es), brc,au,fe wh~n they dir- There being taken out of the bag, ami co,~~r',d,it c1,eyfom~~n\l,~hirgt~\!Je' 9uthorf~~, thrown into a large tub of fea-water, did ~ome l~agu9 ty p,1~f:e, becalj[e ~II fi'-c1q time. ' with rocks and [mall iflandsnext th~ , fup,F.e.. - This obfervation maY convince rome per- W 'e [ou'1defl ip tl!!e'11Y' f~thom Vf~t~r,' ~lld fons, who, believe that all forts qr filh what- f\lund rO,\.1gh Be~bl"~, ~n. .d n~!)Y, g,r9.A'~~' ever are generated out of fpawrt, and , hot by ".Ctual copulation, as with the guadru- R, 1. ~. P. ~ 'Q !1 lj. o . pedes: for befides the e"ample of this filh sIxteet\ l~ag~~.~ ,0 th~ Couth~'1:r,d of ~n.g~4 I now in!tance, the whales, the norrh- c das Ca~alloh ~he gn:qt ri;;~r ~~IJ'c! iJ.ig d? capers or grampuffes, and porpoifes, cer- Guro, falls Into th, f,a, q rmalJ I~!}tt,er\9, '~!: tainly procreate by aCtual copulation, and nonhward of the tropiok gf C.fFf;~r;. ~hi; bear and bring forth their young as the mouth OfI~ Iyipg i,n f4ch m~nn~r.~ tha,t t~o~ beafts do.. The Ikin of this fifP, being of wide, it is pot f!;~~ lill gRt ~Q th~ \q}JthY('li~ the nature of fhagreen, is ufefl!1 to join,ers, , of 11:$ 'Yeft,ern p,om" 'gall,'d c~p'e Q!arr.qo/ and other artificers, to polilh wood, &c, Jying in twenty three ,degree~ thitty miq').t,i;J We were al[o entertain'd every day during of north Iqtitup~. AQp,ut (?W Ir~gue~ dg our voyage along this coaft of Zahara, with ·!tan~!! fJ:om th.e mo.yth qf t.his riv~r ~~q: the fight of a multitude of fmall whales, and weft, we fqund,ed if) t),{!!ntyJI?!: fa[~o~? grampufi'es, porpoifes, and fiying;-filh; large fand, mil(!cl 'Vit)) £he,lis, . which are common in the feas betWIxt the About this Iati,tud,e, j\j(t,in gaffing the ' ~l!atpr and tropicks, but, more efpecially tropick of Cancel:, is obr,erv'cl ;m a~c,ien,t infinite nU'1'bers of porpOifes. cuftQm, ,ammo!). t9 ". II 4 ,uropetf,n, r~i lo.r~; One day we )lad, for fome minutes, a large which is, that thofe who ~F~ 'QeV,er b,eep ,.) PanaR4nQ, or hainmer-fiflJ, fwi.mming fo ,~ndel: (,he. tto,p~s:k., ar,e t9Q),igJney, ,or f9.nlet~¥'9g very Jle~r tbe fhip, that I had time enough ,to Glrink, from ,)yJ>jch .r~p P)\ll} i~ ,~KCU\~q .. PUTE p.co dr~w its Ilgure, ~ in ~.he pr.i/lt.. 'It ap- If any man haf'pens tQ :9.e fo ,§\(!at .a ~iJsr Ducking. ' pear'a to be near eIght foo.t 10~,~ i ~.nd at .as to refufe paYIhg of tljIsd,l't)', ,~he [i\~9ts, foroe 'part of the coaft of Gutr;ea" I .[aw ~rdred like officess, .cjtn¥ hinj b9u1'\~ 'qe,£err anpther like it, fwimming by 9ur lhlP'S fi~e a tribunal, on ,which a Jetlm,aI} j~ f~asctd-in jlt ~ [mall diftance. The figur,e of the he~da 'long robe, reprefen~iI)g a JuGlge, )V\l~~- of .th.e Pt}napana I have draw/l after that 'liinines ihi\l1, hears ,y;lhat he ll~ It9, Cjl-y ,(qr which is in Grefoam (ollegein L~ndon ; and him,felf; '\l:nGl ,th~n prp\loq~e$, f~f\5~,;U:r. , ; bavdee,n another at a h6l1fe near th~ 'l~nt- whioh ,is, that he lb~ 'thr~ ~\m~ d~c)<; : ~rtn .bQrn tower 'in Rochel. ' ' the fea, after this manner: Thr;'Ber[9I1 C.911" ':fho' w,e fail'diby .this c(lf\l!:11l N(ft)~mb(r, ~errmed!s tieMaft,w;iqh a,I;oIle"f-n)ll~eqther thew!:aGh!;l' lN,as !ntP.1e~a:'p~yh'ot and 'he~~y. ; " qrtd of IUU~ throu~h .;1 :p~\Iy ",at ~h.e ,Y~9- 'b,y ,day WI! .{I~v,I£;a,t.ed SplV.l\r~ ,htJld, iUl JIl i'~H!J.' 1bylwl1l2~ ;J\l;:~'f.i9!.l,t~~.P~" ~!\~ ',~!l~~ ., :n'A. DESCRIP,.TION. \ Of the ilAR80T let run amain three times under water. 'It is men, bDrdering t9 the fDuthward en , the ~ feldom that fome one fails to give the com- Dutlim and Devuhes ArabI, eaftward .on the . pany this diverfien. The fame is praaifed Ul~d Arramena Arabs; the Dervis Arabs with the utmeft ri~er in pa~hf? the IIne~ northwards, and the. Barbas Arabs tDwards MtIIlh .f ,,!,he m.outh, .of RIO do Ouro l~ three leagues the north-eaft. Rio do broad,moftly choak'd up with a bank of Angra de Grmza10 de Cinira, a large bay Zanlug.. Ouro. fand two leagues broad; ' lind runiiing aleng fo . call'd from its firft difcqvei'er, ih theP"";"", from the 'wefterly point to fDuth-eaft ahnoft year 1445, .lies abDm fift~~n leagues Couth- three leagues, towards the eaftern !hore .of . weft by fDuth from Rio do Ouro. In fDrmer the river, leaving .only a channel about a ages the French ufed to refDrt thither to buy mulket-!het wide, and eighteen fathDm deep, gold of the hative Arabs. The anchDring I;>etween the main land and the point of the in the tnldft .of the bay is ih feven Dr eight fand. This bank at high flood ·has but,two. fathom: The coaft frDrri Rio db Duro tD it fathDm and a half water. Within the river is ali hills, cDver'd with (Darfe fand; the there is twelve fathDm, near the fDuth-weft depth all along, at about a league frDm the poirtt .of a IDng il1and, lying near ' the wef- land, is eighteen fathem. This is the prD- tern l1lOre; which is a peninfula, reaching vince .of ZanbagQ; within five Dr fix leagues of Selle Montes, the We haq once gDDd fpDrt at catching of river keeping a broad channel fDr near Pargues. and Sardes, fortS .of fi!h b~fDre thirty leagues up fouth-weft and north"eaft ; fpDken .of, withDut this bay, in thirty fa" and thus with the fea fDrming the faid pen- thom water; the bDttom a muddy fand, infula .of the coaft .of Angra dos CavalLos which is the right grDund for that fDtt of arid Otagedo. fi!h. The if1and abDve mentiDn'd is fDllr leagues From this bay of GOl1zalo tle Cin/ra, t6 IDng,and .one in breadth. TWD leagues Cabo, das Barbas, in the prDvince .of Gualala; abDve the ifiand is ,the anchDring-place, in and iJii twenty-tWD degrees twenty fuinutes twenty ' fathDm water. The channel .of .of north latitude, the coaft is very high', the'tivet narrDWS gradually farther up the and the ref. ore by the Porluguefe call'd '['erra cDUntry. alta, fDrming at the cape the bay .of Sf_ Cy- Andent This river in ancient geDgraphy is call'd prian, by fDme call'd Angra do Caval/eiro, Dr nAme. Ophiodus Fluvius, and ,the peDple inhabiting the knignt's bay, being eighteen leagues the country .on the [Duth fide .of it Rhabii. fDuth-weft by fDuth .of Angra de Gonz'alo . .In Antony Gonfalez, abDve {pDke .of, returning ancient geDgraphy it is call'd Nuius FllfViuI, in 1442, tD ' the place where he had tWD which fuppofes a river tD fall intD the bay; years before taken away fome of the natives, and the p~Dple inhabiting the cDuntry abDut which was near this river do Duro, . or .of the bay; were named Macoces, as far as the . gDld, exchang'd thefe perfDns fDr fDme river of St. John tD the fDuthward. , FirJI Afri- Guinea l1a~es, and a parcel .of gDld-duft . .of Clofe by the bay .of St. Cyprian the cDaft Cap. do, can go/d. 'libar, whJCh was the firft gDld ever ,earned winds abDut tD nDrth-well: fDr near three Barb ••• frDm that part .of Africa intD Portugal. He leagues, fDrming the cllpe das Barba. at the the ref. ore believing, that either the 'cDuntry, extremity .of it, being a lDW table-head, and Dr the river which runs thrDugh it, afforded the land frDm it to cape Carvoeiro much , tlie much gDld, gave it the name .of the gold- fame. AbDut fix leagues frDm the ' cape river; which encDurag'd the Portuguefe tD there is fDrtYcfive fathDm water, grey fand. prDceedfarther, in fearch .of this metaL ' The coaft there turns flat tD fDuth fDuth-weft FrDm cape B%'ador to Rio do Ouro; we fDr eighteen leagues tD cape Carvoeiro, frDnt- Defort br ,"unt". .0 ,erv' d' the CDa in many places to be all ed all the way by a IDng bank .of fand, com- high cliffs, Jome grey, others whitifh, and mencing aL cape das Barbas, and grDwing the cDuntry, as far as we cDuld difcern 'from larger and larger, till it CDmes tD cape Car- .our top-maft heads, barren, dry, fcorch'd, voeiro, where it extends almDft fix leagues .out " and red fandy grDund, · DvergrDwn 'with tD fea in breadth, 'and fD cDntinues alDng the .... furub s and reeds, bu t cDuld nei ther fee men, cDaft tD the weft .of cape Branco, fifteen hDllfes, nDr beafts, in all that tract ,of land. leOlgues diftant" direEtly fouth frDm the SDf\le leagues to the fDuthward Dqt he fDrm~r. ThePortugllefe fay this great bank , gDld-i-iver, are the l pDrts .of Medaos;;oand is Jeft dry at IDW water. . . Praya, the latter .of which is ,a reafDnabl.e Cape Ca,,!,oeiro is in twent.y-Dne degrees CAP' Car- large bay, with a bar befDre it, where i the fDrty twQ. minutes .of north latitude. AbDut voeiro. . !hips; defigned for the fi!hery, gener/lIly fDlIrreen.or fifteen leagues to the we!1:ward .of anchDr. MDft of .our mDdern geogtaphers it, we find forty . five fathDm warer, unfound make the cDaft .of Nigrit.a tD commeri~e at grDund of pebbles and fiones. "'. .' Rio do Ouro. . I , I have annex'd an exaEt draught .of the PLUE 31: A very mDdern , author names the land prC?(peEt_Df checDa!1:cif Glfalaia,frpm cdpedas from Rio do Ouro nDrthward tDwards the mount is all falt"pits. The channel from Penba to' be di(hnt from their factory, (i ri Bral1quinba to -the river, coafting the lkirtS_ the iOand of SI. L ewis in Senega-river) forty- of the bank, has three, and two and a half five leagues north. . fathom water. Penba' is a lort of bay ; the anchorage , St. Jobn's river, in ancient geography, within a bank that lies before it. Hither is caIl'd MaJJa Fluvius, and the people from the Dutcb refort every yea r with a fhip ; it to Senega-river, Mandori NigriltE. At the trading at this coa!1: frorr) port to port, to Toli. mouth of it, which is two leagues wide, is purchafe gums, ofhich feathers, & c; in ex- hMboHr. the good harbour '['ofia, and in the midft of change for their goods, with the M oors of it is an oval illand; about which there is Genehoa; which tlie Frencb cart hardly hin- , two fathom water. On the fouth point of der from' that diftance. , this river the natives have a large faIt-pit, Here I conclude the courfe of navigation; .extending eaftward to Porto. San ]oao. ' for the coafting trade from cape Branco to ", thig DESCRIPTION 0 BXRBoT,this place of Penha; al)d will now refume into the road aforefaid, at one league and it VV'J the direct courfe we ufed, from cape Branca half diftance from land, without croudino- , to Senega-road. ' ' much fail, for 'fea~ of overlhooting the Se~ Return /0 the caurfe of the V 0 Y AGE. nega.road: the tIde from about cape FRO M about the latitude of cape Branco, Branco to that river, in the fummer fearon , being twenty degrees thirty minutes, as feteing very [wift to Couth fouth-weft and h~s pe,en qbferv'd, we fet our cO,urfe fouth fometimes to fauth-weft, and the wind ~orth . 1I114Jo,u~h by weft, till in feventeen degrees north-eaft and north-eaft, always a brilk gale . (orty mmutes, and then fouth-eaft. In this uthward, whIch ufually ferves as a land-mark to fteer exaCtly weft of the bar of Smega.iiver, ill eight 'Wejlfrn. Coafts of ' Africa. eight fathom water, clay ground, found an- fubdivided into deG1rts, each of which has BARBOT. chorage, and the molt convenient, for fend- its peculiar name. "'V'I ing boats in and out of the faid river. The ancient Ajric{!1I inhabitants are a Inhahi. The Frmcb company's fhips bound to brutlfh favage people, and great thieves; lant,. Goeree; ufually ke,ep this fame courfe of na. and the Arabs intermix'd among them, not vigation, and ftop here for orders or in- much better. The mote civiliz'd fort live ftruCl:ions. But thofe whofe bufinefs is for in towns, the others wander about with Gamboa, Sierra L ealia, and th,e Gold Coajf, their cattle, filbjeCl: to no 1<1 ws or govern- Fida or Calabar, fteer from the latitude of ment. The principal habitations ate ' in,the cape Branco, to the fouthward ,directly, to weftem part, near the ocean and the riv~rs:" thofe refpeCl:ive places, as 1 fhall hereafter ob- Thefe .weltem Arabs were formerly call'd ferve in particular. Sabaibeam. .In all other parts of Zahara the Here follows a fhort geographical account towns are very rtmote from each other, at of the countries lying alohg the gr~at ocean; fuch places where there are bkes or moraffes, from cape Bojador [0 Senega-river. , and where the air is marl: temperate. The Z wretched natives, knowing no better,ae-Of A ,il A, R ~, or the Defart. T main fatisfied with what their country : hf-HAT fpaciollS traCl: of land call'd Za" fords. . " hara, Zaahara, Zara or Sarn, by the They are tubject to tl;eir own kings or Araqs; that is, the defart, becaufe it is fo lords, caJl'd Xeques, or elfe live like beafts, thinl y peopled ; was in former ages Com- in their beloved brutal liberty ; efpecially:thc prehended in Old Lybia, as part of Getulia Arabs. ' " and the Garamafltc!. ' Marmol (ays, . there Arabs are defcended It lies betwixt twelve and twenty.feven trom Sabatha, the Jon of ChUJ, whofe degrees thirty minutes latitude ~ and from dwelling was in the defarts, between 'Fil1gi- the fourth to the fifty-fixth degree of Ion· tania and Numidia: Cbw having peopled gitude: and confequemly nine hundred and Ethiopia, and Futh L ybia, formerly from fifty leagues in length from eaft , to weft; him call'd Fuleia, and now Nigritia. CbfU and forty, fixty, a hundred, or two hun- and Futh were the foris of Cbam, the fon,of dred and fifty leagues in breadth,. according Noab. to feveral places. . Many of- them, arc Mahometalls, others ReligiCII: Co"fint!. On the north of it is Biledulgerid, or the hay-e , neither faith hal' religion. ' country of dates; Nubia on the eaft, Ni- The people living in the defilrt of Lybia gritia on th,e fouth, and the Atlantick ocean towards the weft; are the Berbeches, the Lit" on the weft. ' , dais" the Duleyms, and the SCI/egues , and It is much lefs cultivated and inhabIted lome Arabs; and thefe po{fefs the firlt part than .Biledulgerid; but the a ir is reckoned of the defart. wholefome, notwithftanding the yiolent heat The fecond habitation is i 'gafa; ealt ' of s,'\)".1 of the fun. All the wealth of its inbabiLants the former, wHere they dig fait, of fevetal hahiea- confifts in camels and dromedaries. In fome colours, which the merchants of rca and ,ion,. Vrl"tji. places they may travel two hundred leagues 'Fombul carry away with caravans of camels, without finding any water. The natives traverfing the defarts of two hundred leacrues have dry large wells on the roads, but at and carrying their provifions with th~m; fuch great diftances that people often die which if they happen to fall {hart, they are with thirft; and fometimes thofe wells are ftarv'd to death. Befides, they are often choak'd or bury'd with the fand, which infefted by a fouth-eall: wincl, which blinds the Itormy winds often blow up fo as to fame of tbem, and qthers are lamed in their bury travellers. ' joints; but all thefe hazards are fweetned Rivers. There are only three rivers of any note in by the hopes of gain. aU this valt country. That of Nubia, which . Zuenziga is the third habitation, a defare Zuenziga. , having run through the defarts of Lempta ftdl more dry ' and barren than the former, andBorno, links under ground; that of Gbir,- inhabited by the Guanajerces or ZUellzigans; running into the defart of Zuenziga ; and and thro' it pars the merchants of. 'Fremecen, that of Cavallos, or horfes, riling in and run~ bound for 'Fombuf and Yca, with great ha- ning through the defart of Zembaga, and zard of their lives; elpecially about that falling into the ocean, divided into two part of it call'd Gogdell, where travellers branches. find no wa ter for nine da ys, unlefs in fome Di1Jijion. This great traCl: of land is commonly di- ponds after rain, but that foon dries up. vided into feven principal parts or provinces, T~e belt feafon to travel thro' thefe de- Win"''''". each of them taking its name from the chief farts IS the WImer, when fame water may town. To the call:ward are Barno, Ga~ga be found in wells. The winter is from Au- and Berdoa, all of them formerly kingdoms. gufl to the end of Novmlber, and fometimes From eaft to weft lie Lempta, 'Farga, ZUC/J- till the beginning of February, when there ziga, and SCI/ega or Zallbaga. Thefe are is grafs, water and milk. VOL, V. . 6U The General ObJerrvations on BARB0'P i ,. The foil in general is 'barren, the .moun- guage, which is a-kin to the African, is rlld~ ~ cains fteep and uncouth, bearing nothing but and barbarous, and their religion grofs Ma- thorns and briars; the , !IIofi fertile places homerani/m. :, produce a little barley, ·and fome dates. The Bereberes, who live among them, are Mi(erAbl. The inh~bitancs have nothing to depend .on (etded in their habitations, being a good-na- inbabi- but thelr camels, whofe flefh and ·mllk tured people, kind to {hangers, and hondl: l'naintains them, as alfo fome few fheep ' and in trade; whereas the wandering Arabs are oftriches.. To add to their:mifery, theyare continually. robbing. They call .the fiony much infefted with ferpents, . and fwarms of part of their defarts Zahara, the fandy Ci- 10Cllfis .fly a-crofs their defarts, confuming del, and the marfhy Azgar, which is their what little verdure the earth affords. divilion 'Of the CGUntry. , . . The inhabitants are lean, cho' the air of A very modern author rnyntions fifteen Fiftttn Zahara is [Q wholefome, , tha~ the people of tribes of Arabs inhabiting the nori:hern parts tribes of Barbary carry their lick thither to rec6ver of the defart of Zahara, from the 'ocean, Arabs. their health, and the natives are not fubject near cap~ Bojador, to about the! twentieth ' , to difeaf~s." The women arc very frefh land degree of longitude from the meridian of lu!l:y, •h aying commonly large breafts, Both London 'eaft, which he reCKons ad'ollows ; fexes are of a tawny complexion. I ' the Hiteles, Ludaya and Duleyin Arabs from Arobs. Among , there Africa'lIS.' ,aFt, many A1abJ, nortl\ to fouth, between cape Bajado" and Who exaCl; , tribute from the Segul1llcffof for the river of gold, under the tropick, the the lan<;ls th~y cultivate. , Thefe Arabs wa':l- Duleym' Qeing mix'd with the De'lJeches [0 der :l\Jout the defarts, as far as ;Lguid , ftay- -i:he fouthward; behind them to the eaftward. ing' .where 'they find pa!l:ure for' their cattle~ up the inland, he places the Burblls, Vied, ofwhich,thoy have great frocks, and ga;ther and A,-amma Arabs; next to them ealterly abundance of dates oei the frontiers of Bile- again" the Gef'cm, and Garfa Arabs; farther dlligerid, ;where they lord it hy the number eaft again the Zargan and the Efque Arabs; ofcheir~a '\(alry. . eaft of them the Sobair and Sahit "Arabs; NobIUrib , . ·Among. .. them there .is :a nobler tribe or fouthof whom are the Lemplulles Moors,call'd hord, .c:ill'a Garfa and Efqllc ; with whom AllIloravides; and fouth of them is the defart the ' kings of Barbary make alliances, 'and ofLclIlptullCS, ,inhabited by a brutifh nation, marry the daughters of the chiefs of thein. and by the rahaye Arabs, inhabiting t,he Their principal trade is'at Gared, if] the more fouthern part of this defare. All the kingdom of Fez, whence they make incur- ;lbovemention'd tribes or hords of Arabs are lions as fl\r 'as Figttig, putting all the peoplt; vagrant fhepherds and robbers, living in under con ~ribution, and fell them the flaves tents and huts. . they get .f rom among the B/'ackJ, who dread When' anyone of them dies, ' the wife, . or them, as being inhumanly treated when in next of kin goes out of the ·tent, howling after their power. J a ftrange mariner, and as loud as the voice Some ' of thefe Arabs [ell camels to the can ftrain, to alarm the neighbours, Black!. They have a good nuinber 6fhorfes, Thefe dwellings were in former ages the and ufe them in hunting. They are addicted country of the Geluli and Numida, whom t9 poetr'y, and put their hifrory, as well as the .1rabs have drove to the frontiers of . their ammirs imo verfe, which they ling to the Blacks, and polfelfed themfelves of their feveral mufical inltruments. They are frank coumry .. If any NtI1l1idians remain, they are and .o pen-hearted; and do all things for ho- fubject to the Arabs. nOllr. If a fhanger happens to come among them, they. feaft him, according to their . GUALATA alld GENEHOA kingdoms. ability. " THE fir!l: of them borders to the north- Habit. . The mean wandering Arabs go quite ward on Zanhaga, and the other [outh- naked; others more modeft, wrap a piece of ,ward on Senega river. They are two dif- coarfe cloth about their _body; and rome tinct kindoms, comprehended in 'Nigritia,~, wear a fort of turbant on their head. Such both extending on the weft [0 the Atlantic as are ~ell to pafs, have a 'long blue cotton ocean; and on the eaft to the delart of frock 'or ve!l:, with wide ' h~nging-fl~eves, Z(lhara: only Geneboa, on that lide joins brought them from the country oftpe Blacks. partly on the faid defart, and partly on the l! iJing on When travelling, they ride on camels, kingdom of crombut. , .",nels . placing the faddle between the bunch on the , . Theair isv'ery wholefome, tho' extreme-Air. back and : the neck, and plltting a bridle Iy hor, and each of them has its metropolis through , holes- bor'd in' the noftrils of the of the fame name with the country. How- beaft:, with which they. have as much com- ever, they are but thinly peopled, as being mand of them as we have 'of horfes, uling - v_ery fcarce of, water, and having but few a goad inl1:ead of [purs . They lie on mats rivers.. . ' . made of ruflles, and their tems' are cover' d The kingdom of Gualata, whofe inhabi,InhAhi. with coarfe camel's-hair cloth • . Theidari- . tants are call'd Bella)'s, and . in ancienctRnts. . . , geography Gualata;, Geneno,t} \ 041d ,Totnbut. geogl'aphy ,'Malcol1!, has tJite~ greai' '' ahd the, mbuth of ,· the tiver of the Seneg!m, BARBOT. populous. towns ' ; the mett'op'Olis is adotJl'd whlch roils' through that cou~try" and \ country of in ahd out ': whic~ we may fuppof, are no Llvinl j" Nigrilia was under theIr JUrIfdlthon, had better buill, becaufe [hey expect every year, 6. .1 1. fetded the royal reGdence of their kings in in: Jllly, ' Altg:ujl ,ah,d Sep,leillber; I tb be under Gualala, which brought a gteat toncourfe Water, by the overftow1ng of the Senegal of Barbary merchants thither, to trade at w hen they retire ihto velfels an~ boa,ts'madl!! fQr BARBoT.for that ptirpofe, in which the king firft Three miles from 'I'ombut, on the bank of Cambre ""V""J loads his furniture and houlhold-ftuff of his ' the Ntger, frands another great town, ca\l'd I.",,,. low-roord palace; , then the ' fcholars and Cabra or Cambre; a convenient place for priefts their univerlity goods;. and next the merchants to fet out for the kingdom of merchants and inhabitants their moveables; Meili in Nigriti~. . and laft of all, the water increaling, they go The emperor of 'I'ombut' has vaft domi- . aboard themfelves, as if they enter'd the ark; nions, which yield him immenfe treafure, ~.g if and at the fame time the merchants of'I'om- which he piles up in bars of pur~ gold of om ut. but come thither, and joining fleets, traffick' 'I'lbar, [?me of them. faid . to be of a prodi- with them on the water; , gIOus weIght. He filles hllnfelf emperor of This kingdom abounds in rice, barley, Melli. His COUrt is as wen regulated as cotton, cattle and filh; but their fcarcity any in Barbary, both in· religious and tem- of dates, are fupply'd them from Gualala poral a/f..irs. and Numidia. . , i , The cheriif' Mabo~et; in the height of his The inhabitants according to their man- protperity, ,had thoughts of conquering this ner go handfomely clad, in black and blue an,d other kingdoms of the Blacks', at the . cotton; of which they alfo wear head.falh- infiigati0n of the people of Lybia, as had es ( but their priefrs and doCtors are habited been, done in former ages by the Lemptunes. . only in white cotton, 'coll)mon alfo to: the ;H~ fet f!'>rward by, ~11e ! way of ./1ce{uia el ,Alfaqu;s, with white . bonnets. : . :. ", Ham(1ra, on the borde~~ of Genehoa, ',with Thefe people make great advantage of one thoufand eight hu'ndred horfe, and ali their cotton cloths" which they barte~ with infinite number of camels loaded with am- the merchants of Barbary, for Iinnen, . cop- munition and provifions; but neing inform'd per, arins, dates and; other commodilJes. that the (King of 'iombut was tharching to Marmol fays, they have money of gold meet high with three ~uridred tho~fand inen; that has neVer been melted I i asalfo . a: cur- h~ , ma,de hafte back ; to ''I'arudanl: '. This rent coin of iron, fom~ pieces whereof weigh happened jn the year 1540. Some chfifrian a pound~ others four ounces. . . I captives; . that belong'd to the cheriff" at- , The kingdom was fermedy fubje4 to tending him in that expedition, the Blacks the Luntines or Lumptunes, a people ofLy- refonedt~ither to'iook on them as 'a wonder, bia,. who founded the city of Morocco, dWd believing thofe White naves were not like alfo Morabilines, of the r, ace of the . .d,tm~r a- other ,meIi, and delighted to difcourfe with vides, but,was afterwards made, tribuuary to the!ll; the cheriff ha ving indufrrioun y given SOlli- Ali . king of 'I'ombut. His ' fucceffor out, that they were monfters, that ufed to lfthia obtaining a fignal viCl:ory"over ;the tear other men with their teeth and eat king of Gmchoa, took and fent him prifoner them. Marmot, who gives this account, to Gago, where he died in captivity. " was himfelf in the expedition. The king of 'I'ombut thus grown mail:er , Wh.en t~e king of 'TombUl takes a pro- C.urt ".J of all Gemhoa, reduc'd it into a province, grefs, he IS attended by all hIS 'court on army. . placing a governor t11ere, and then caufed camels; but in fight they all ride on horfes, ., great market to be proclaim'd in the me- are bold foldiers, but obferve no order. tropolis of the country. Their beft horfes come from Barbary, which Marmol fays, the people of Genehoa were when arriv'd, the king chufes fuchas he call'd in Africa Morabitines, and the firft likes and pays well for them. Nigritia has that embrac'd the Mahometan fuperfrition, no good breed of horfes, bllt fome fmall in the days of Hecbin, the fon of AMtl Ma- ones, which they ufe at 'I'ombllt to ride in lie ; for before they were chrifrians~ and about the town. The people of 'I'olllbUI are good-natur'd, lnbahi- 'I'he Kingdom of To M BUT. civil and pleafant, and fpend much of the tants. I T win not be improper to give fome ac- night in finging, dancing and revelling a- count of this kingdom, as being the moil: bout the ·il:reets. They keep many naves -. noted among the more nonhern Blacks, both of both fexes. for its riches and trade; . " There are great numbers of filldents'Sch.lars. . It :takes' the name from a ciry founded, as who are in great efreem and maintain'd at .they fay,. by king MenJey Sule)'man or Soli- the king's charge, having abundance of ./1- man, a~no' (22 (. about thirteen miles from rabick books brought them from Barbary, an, anT\' of,the Niger, and one hundred and and pUl'chafed at great rates. thirty leagues from the country of Dara or There are al(o many tradefmen and ar- Traits. SegelmeJ!e, .' '., .' . . tificers, efpecially cotton-weavers, Ihop- Tombut This cjty, :~vas formerly famous for.fump- keepers and handicrafts. . t~wn. ~uous ; buildiJigs', but is now ' re~uc'd to . Their common diet is a difh compofed ofP o d plain, huts, alld hovels" and has only one fl~lh, filh, butter and milk, fi:ew'd toge- 00 . ftately mofque and .l magnificent palace ther. for the ki~g, built by ~ famous architeCt: of Al1 the women, except naves, cover their Women. Granada, who happen'a to come thither. heads and faces. They the"/(i11gdomofil Tombht. ,They have no a~mp'dcoill; ,but-,qnly' .of' tliQg·,pf,che 1aft cent,ury, fome {hips bound BAllJlOT: bigger, or fmaller. pieCeS :of pure I gold for the ,Eajl-Indies freering eaftward to pre-,~, 'liba,'; and fine pieces pf metal tWI(l:ed like vent .b.elQg '~.'lven up.on th~ coall: of Brazil, a fnail f.~id 10 come fro\l! Pet}ia four hun-. f~ , about . calle .S t. /Iuglljline ,were infenfibly ' dred. w:hereof make a ducat,. that. 'ohey: carry'd upon the banks, lying betwixt the · ferveforJmall ~hange. , " ',', r' ',: .- '. oft~ai:'cl-i'd aforefaid cape Verde and Cabo Monte; and TheCity of Tombul, .conlifrincy others ,were into the Bigbt of Guinea. cottages, is often fubject to be burnt. "' Tt is'· ,; Qb(erving the, .,above-Illention'd courfi, plentifully fupply'd with : \'~ater, not .only by' anq: :wha~ I have before, taken. notice ,of In channels drawn from the Niger, w,hich runs the def,ription of Sie1;rtl; Leona, we came to , through the ftreets, but by abundance ,of have figh\ o( land ."t cape Monte, : and hav- JuJgrs, wells. There are AI(aquis or judges;,. and ing brought it to ,bear north, rang'd the ' other do[tors of the faw of Mahomel, .who fllOre to Rio Sejlro ; where" if occalion re- are maintained by the publick, a'n(J: , ~)uch: quire, wS may ftop to get in wood, water, refpeC]:ed. ,II" . ; " '; :'. and provifions, ' Bllt hav~ng, no :.occafion, The merchants of Fez, Morocco, arid even we ll:eer'd our courfe :fo .as to .get fight of of Gralld Cairo, refort to TombUl ' to . vade Sejfro,J':aris, to take in fome Guinea "pepper PI,n'y'l for gold, which is brought thithe~ by, the or Malaglletle for our cJeGgn'd Gaves, Next g,ld. peopl;of Malldillga, in fuch plrl1ty I' that we ' endea.vour'd 1[0 , have fight of cape das fometlmes the merchants having difp,ofed.pf, Palmas" , from four or five leagues difrance · all their commodities, that metal J\e~ ,there, a t fea, _,to avoid , the Ihoals that ihQo.t Pllt till another return, or is carry'd home again, from"i! to .the fourhward.. Thence; without , Jews ,The, princes of this country are fu~h ,ene­ coming near the [vory coaft, as bollnd di- , hat,d. nms to Jews, that they are abfolutely for- rectly to the Gold Coaft, we came to anchor bid the country; and Ihould it be known, before 1jfeny, or /IjJillCe, being the firft ·port that the native merchants had any corre- or town of that coaft. As for the r~J11aining fpondence with them, their eftates would be courfe along it, every man does as he judges confifcated, convenient, or as his occalions require, from When any perron fpeaks to the king, he port [0 port, to the end of the fame. mull; profrrate himfelf on the ground, and But when we defign directly from cape throw dull: on his head and fhoulders, The das Palll!as [0 Lampy, ,Popoo, Fida and ATmy. kingi~ attended by feven thoufand hode and Ardra, we fet our ,ourfe to the . fouth, till a vafr'-muhitude of archers a-foot, having in the latitude of cape ·Tres POlltas, taking long bows, 'and poifon~d arrows, All p~i, care, if pomble, to get fight of it ; and ~or'n­ foners of war are made Gaves. monly [0 call in at /Ix;"" if-not at Tacorary, P"d.fI. Th; ' country 'abounds in corn ;' and ther~ to provide a bar-canoe of lixteen to twenty is fuch plenty of catt le" that milk and butter rowers or padlers. Thence bearing five or are common. Salt IS very fcarce" what (~ey fix , ldgue.~ off the Gold Coap, we get in :t have being brought t1v;m from the country GlOre time to any of the above m~ntion' d of Senega, a hundred and feventy l ~agues place~. '", r to the northward. . \ , We obferv'd, during this navigation, the The king has a commiffioner in the city tide to Jet often to tbe eafrward, .and ,to Cabra, who hears and dete rmines all caufes, north-eaft; from cape das Palmas to Fida rither relating to the crown, or between pri- or Whidab ; and from Cabo Verdo to the vate perfons. cape Palmas, to the nor'th-wefr, From the latitude of cape Branco [0 cape The courfe of navixatioll for the fouthei n pa.':ts Palmas, we had the divcrlion of catching of GUINEA . . IF fharks, doradoes, negroes or king-fifhes; comine; from Europe, we are bound bonnitoe.s, t.unny-fi(h, flyingJilh, carangues, directly for the Gold Coaft, Fida, .New remoras }~r fuckil)g fili] ,, ' machorans, and · or Old Calabar, being arriv'd in the la- many o\herforts, which are bqth pleafantand titude of cape Branco, we freer fouth; ,' fo ferviceable to travellers. . . , that we pafs twelve or fifteen leagues weft Twenty or twenry-five :. Jeagues )Yeft ofwUlIs i~ of Cabo Verde, and being in its latitudeat Cabo Branco, we often fee the ocean almoft,h. ftll , that dif1:ance, we carefully avoid making .up all over cover'd with a: cenain weed ,of ' a D,.hI, too near. to the land, by reafon .the tide yellow-gr~en colour; call'd Sa;gaifo, re(em- tidtl. thereabouts divides as it were in two branches, bling ,tb,at which grows III our wells, . or but more efpecially about Rio Grande ;:the famphire, bearing a fort of feed at ithe ex- moll: confiderable running from eafr to weft, tremities, which have neither fubftance nor along the equinoctial line, towards. the con- favour. No man.qlll tell where thefe ~eeds tinent of /Imerica:. the other, whlrlmg · a- rake , root, the ocean being there fo ,deep : bout the coaft betwixt cape Verde and cape they are alfo fcen thus floating on its [u'rface Monle, afterwards runs eall: on the coafts of fixty leagues to the well:ward of the coaft Guinea in fuch a manner, that in the begin- of Africa, for th~ fpace of forty or fifty VOL, V. 6 X leagues; \'· ~j:82 A '\l D:sti":C i\l P~ 'l1\i~Q\~l~ of\\ Blt'R, lIoT.lt!a'gUe9; aha fo dore an!l'~hil!kl (oS'etl1eji:iil ~ ! f(e'o~s6'othin-g'b~dlle mel)s IllbO,unO'rake Salt. ~ foR'll! plalccs, that a. fhip ,requi(cSa 'very frel'\l it' IlQ '9fthc' pits;belides tlie carriage, which " . , galt! ofwind to'make hef wa~" tn'rcfugh<~ aila, is ve . 'clle~r~ ,tllbhha.bitants h~ving it1fes .:'. thercfo~e'we are .verY' cauriousto lefs: Hur.rf,lll,rhan tne/othe.rs,,_ Ii, wings rell;' n\uclf' adfiiir"tl '~it(IFrtlilee ' ; :vvl\i~ ,Monfielrr i ,~tllt/plnll', in , his , GlefefiIltiq)1 of \her', 'Ia'me ' 'of th~in ate. ' ~b',* ' aoo" d\;h' -rent the Ukratll, gives a very notable account of [fdni G£l)biiIlJ;:'l ~6'lci'r1'y ioftH~irs' inJ';1hl~~;ca. the flidl ,the, gnat~" , and efpedia,lIy 1 '~I"1I 110, There are' alfd Gliii'e'd' liens, antJ> ver)r ' Hr~e tlulh\rr1atrd i,rhe !,infinite damage",tJle.y 'qo, J~ curlteus. - , '(' ~ " , ' , '~har tOtlhtry '; he fns, '·,thoy lare c.onJl1)(mly to th& iOancls \he Frthrk, ~~e~t~a:de~ b~dtl€\I~Clldl1it , ofn 'ltClrtar.~ ' hryl 'tllc,I'enil:er.ly 1lega and Go~ree.rend for provifio,ns, when wlrtds'll1btJ'lthe c(i)umrY: laboutl NQvIWrod. b.e- thefe is any' fcarcity i~ thoN 'parts ',M !iii,- itlg'as,lthiddl,s n mltiVs,finger; : adds, :' q !:9n~b~dy, lymg .on, the ~urfa~e~~,the: fe~, that the air is fo full of locull:s there in the ~Qundance of tl\em yet ,ahve '; , wOlth It IS fl1rtlin~r, ,~hat the~houfes (,warm. wi-th' them; likeTy" were driven out to' fea f~oln thit part and 'to aVQid 'them;, he was fllrc'd ,l fo,eat in of the continent of Africa, \))( the ' fl:rtlhg a dat~ rGo-tn l:ly candle-light, and y,et mahY '!lorch-eall: gales: that councry,',"as hils been 6me's did curithe locl!!1:s with his ,meat ;"ancl faid before;' being often infefted wi/Ii whole a fftattr:tollld ' fca~ce , open, his ,mouth, bLJe clouds of ,hofe mifchievous infects; , flyl~g fDm~ of theni w,auld get ,in: beficles thac, acrofs the defarts of AfNea, from !Arabia, thetle 'wei'e ,cJouds ',of',!h~ln, to be fe~fil ' Aying Egypt, Mm/idia, &c. and covering' the 1apd abroad ,five or rx'leagues' il1 length, and two for feveral leagu~s, pjgiQu~ .. " kept j'ohe-"alive abDve ltnr.ee Lm onths. ;' ;jh a thund~r~\lig,htnir\g i!~d,~airi,' and the viQlence CDrnet of>:paper, c1ofe 'iJl i a' twnk,· ffe, that ~f th~ IWln#To~x,tra J: ldC',U ] !;' l - :' .1 , ' .( ! ~/ ;·(.·i V I"~ ( ).\~: i :.;t:J pf :thef11, lSI generallY,flt (Dl)th-eaft; and by '''I fh:all "fubjDintD the" cDurfe ,to. /teet (or /hips thaq.r~bD~ii4 ·f,9,r'.:~~f :coaft, they ' are the Gold-'aoajf of Guinta\, the fDllowing ob- made I1fe/of , to. get: tb ,yrl?i1'rard. , fervatioris;' ,as de!iver'd i;>y: the late ME. Htn.r,y Greenhill; whDm I have rnentiDn'dheretofpxe OJ the paJ!age from tlg GO~D CDAS,T to as my p3;rticular acquaintance, 'wheri he' ,I!Ii~,S .' EUROPE, or' lb' Ai-UlRICA, . ! f .' , .', ; ' ~ J, \' I ' . I , .• i ' agent at "cape Corjii caftlei and ever; fince.in SUPPD!illgj we part from COrmenl)'n, Qr Engla1l£'; ' being a veFY; intelligent land 'I~XT " JrDm 4~t:.a , fDf ;E,tirOpe; if we have !Ill perieric~d gentleman, i Q6'mmiffioner. ',pf,~h¢ n~,<:etrary' , PTQviIiDns/or, fuch a vDyage, and navy'at'Plymoulh and Por.IJmoulb,cand.pror have, :nD , 9cc~fiDn to. call' at any places Dr jectDrand builder Df the royal , dDck"ar ' HIlT jila,nd~ Df ,tne Bigh~Df Guinea, Dr at cape "mazes; ) r • "t;. . I', Lope, we keep as c1Dfe as pDffible to. the T , ,", Winds on the,coafl. 1. I ,,','j,;, wind" to. pafs at windward Df St. 'l'ome I H ,E' coaft 0.1' Africa frDm cape Ralm!!~ which, hDwever, is feidDm feafible, but in , to ~pe Fermofo, ,Iies ,eaft and eail; "i;>¥ ,the fpfD!) pf 'l'ornados cDming from the 'nDrth; and n~ar thDfe pDints,thclanclThlf!!ez,¢$ ,n(lr,th-ea,~:i :fDr ,witqou~, ~u,ch pDwerful affi- blDwQn that coaft, which cDmrbDnly,btgi.l) ftal1\=e, It ,!S' very r~,re : we, i:an welJ weather abDut' (even in the ' evening" and c0ntinu,e tha~ i?and,; the currem, armbft cDntinually all night, till near the fame time,the nex~ r~ttmg , F~ft by,nDrth, ., , mDrning: ?uring ~hidl'-interval, "Wtl I ~r.~ Thence we run tD ,the- fOllthward Df t~e trDubled ":'lth ftmkmg fDgs anddmfb:f;rpl)'l line t~ree " 'anda' halfR'~ f6~r degrees, keep- fhDre, whIch by return, Qf ther fea,qtelfzes ing (till tbe luff; anH'the Luther fDuthward upDn the DppDfite I points, are a~~ gtiyen 'we gO., the', ftrorge'r we'; find ' the gales, and away; and we have the benefic of thern in Il)Dre ben,eficial fDr ' getting Dff the African a curiDus fre/h gale, till about .f ive i in ,It ,h"~ cDaft. " Ill: that elevation of three and a half afternoDn. ,i,. ' ',' , I 'D~ 'fDUr ::ge~rees [Dyth,' ,we cDmmDnly ,meet And here let me note it' fDr agel)e!'ll!9b- W1tr "the,! eaft , rDUCn-ei\(l:j , or trade-wind, ferv'atien, that in thefe, and all,other place~ which carries us to the ' northward Df the within the tropicks, as far as ' ever , I tqD~ equ~to~ , Bretty faft. ': ,., notice, the wind is ,drawn by the , land:. : If wI! get fD far to. fou~hward, we have FDr if an iiland Dr head-land were in~Jining cDmmonly fight Df 'AmiobOm iiland. HDw- to a 'circular form, the fea and land:br~e~e$ ever, it muft be Db(erv'd', not to. keep to. fall in ,diametrically Dppofite to. th~t p<,!rt the northward Df it, till we CDme between where ' you are; fD that.if YDU are ,Dn the twenty five to. thirty degrees to. the weftward fDuch fide; the fea-breeze /hall be at (Dllth, Df cape Lope GonJalez, Dr a t the longi tude and the land-breeze, when it come~ , i!1 .its Df Cabo Verdo; and thence advancing gra- feafon, in nDrth. " " , dua\ly northward, we CDme infenfibly to. In g;etting Dn the coaft, we endeavQur get the nDrth-eaft winds, which carry us to. to. faliln With cape M onle Dr cape, Me/tirado, the latitude Df the FlemiJh or Apores iilands, which ' is' about eighteen leagues to. ~!)e eaft if defigning , for the bay Df Biftay, or the fDuth-eaft thereDf; and after that,we dDllble Bri/ijh chaimel. cape PalmaI, whence, as afDre faid, the land" It muft be Dbferv'(j in this pallage, that tends away eaft by nDrth, ,the current near when Dnce we are to the weftward Df the ,the ,/hare fets upDn that pDint" dDw!1 )ntD faid cape Lope, and in CDuth latitude, the the Bight.', The land-breezes b~tween ppe current fets nDrtherly, and the wind, to. St. Anne and cape Paimas are at eaft" blDw- twenty degrees Df latitude, is generally at ,ing ,-brill1 fOllr leagues Dff the /hore. , ' The eaft fDuth-eaft ; as to. the like number Df 'fea-winds there; are at fDuth,weft. .,; 'degrees, Dn ' the QPpofite fide Df the line, :,{LIThe 'l'ornados, fays he, ufually CD me in it blDws at ea{t nDrth-eaft. NDr is there the', ,beginning Df April, and feldom leave any change of the current Dbferv'd, unlefs ,the G~l'tloCMfl, till]une'cDmmences, . a~d,with in the': ''l'orn'adiJ feafDn, when, during their frequent vifits' make us fenfible Df theitquali- blDwing, they fet to. w.indward ; tho.' per- ' ties:' J'W e , have fDmetimcs, three Dr fa,ur in haps the mODn; upDn full and change, may a day, but ~hen their cDntinuance ' is '~bu~ have' ' the like ' influence there, as in Dther .- /h'ort; ' perhaps ,not abDve tWD:;hDurs, and plii~es. · ' J, ••: : i. ... AnDther to Europe, America) (5t , , An?thcr obfervation in this pafTage is, cooftantly blows very fren) from the fouth BARDOT. that In the monrhs of May, June, July and [outh routh-weft, and the current fet-~ and Anguli, we carefully keep to the fouth ting very fwiftlyeall: north-eaft and north- ?f the line ~ome degrees, till we crofs it, eaft by eaft, according to the {eafon of the In the abovdaiLl longitude of cape Verde; year and ftations, which carry nlips 'violent- tD a'void the calms, very frequent at that lyon that point: we are therefore oblig'd feafon on the north of the line, which keeps to work it along the coaft of Biafa,ra, us much longer In our pafTage. But in the which is the bottom of the Bight, to make Dlonrh of Sej'lel/lber we may fail continually this Pril1ce's-iOand, which rome times proves along the line, without inclinino- one de- a work of twenty, and even of thirty days; gree either to north or louth~ At that being forc'd to anchor mart pare of the time it proves lO cold there, at fa Imall a day, and to (,1il in the nig ht, by tile f.wour diftancc from the line, that the f.1ilors, who of the land-wind. It is true, I was once are commonly more hardy than other fifty leagues weft of Prince's-inand, in the people, clothe themfelves warm; the thi ck fame latitude, coming from the road of Fida weather and frelli gaies, wholly obfhuCting in a Ooop, in the month of April; but the heat of the fun, tho' it be then paITino the vefTel was an excellen't railer upon a the line, and direCtly over our heads, 0 wind, and I had every day the aITiftance of The interlopers, and other Europeans, tornados from the north-eart. N evcrthelefs, who ufe a coafl:ing trade in Guinea, when tho' I got fo far weft of that iO and, it was they have run along it from one end to the with no fmall trouble I teached the port of bther, return to it again, lome of the ways St. Alltony; for when I came in light of the that have been above 'mehtion'd, according iOand, tho' its foutherl y point bore ea!\; to the fealon of the year; till they crols fouth-eaft, and it was then very calm, the the line again to the northward, about the current drove us under the north point of longitude of cape Palmas , and thence order it; and we had certainly mifTed it, and fallen ~heir comfe back to the Qyaqua coalt, to into the Bight, hail we not feafonably made begin to trade along it, and the Gold Coaft. ufe of fix long oars we had aboard, and The Iiiftory of navigation informs us, hands enough to hold it out rowing from that in the year 1500, Vincent Yanez Pin" morning til! [un·fet, notwithrtanding the zon was the firlt Spaniard that cur the line, fcorcl)ing vehement heat of the fun, ,and no and difcover'd cape St. Auguftin in Brazil. air at all ; and by that means coafting the The cu!1:om of ducking, before mention'd ",ell: . fide .of the iOand, gain'd the divifion in fpeaking of the tropicks, is obferved by of the' current, one branch of it ferring all nations in paITing the line : ~he French north-ean; as cuftomary; and the other fouth ule much pumping of them , in a tub with fouth-eaft round the land: fa I made this fidt-water inftead of ducking. There are pafTage in ten d:iys from Whidah road bi. many other fports u[ed by failors, which ther, which . is extraordinary. afford pafTengers good diverfion. The duck- This Bight'dr gulf of Guiliea fa ofter1 ing is ' by the Frmch call'd the Cea-bapti/in. mention'd, is a bending of the land, a little Experience has made it appear, that to the north of the ,line, and from thence, keeping too near the equinoEl;ial, and often the land ftretches welt, parallel with the line. croiling it between the fouth-eaft and the It is much more difficult to get to iii. 'Tome north-weft:, has occafion'd a pafTage to laft upon a tack, at parting fi'om Wbidab, if five months; when others, who have, kept not altogether. impofiible, without falling more to the louthward, made their pafTage into the Bigbt ; which ho weve r, as unavo id- in leIS than ten weeks. It is true, ,there ;tre !ible as it is, proves of dangerous can fe- fome inftances of fhips that have ·run it il1 quence , to fuch nlip~ ·'as have their compli- . feventy days to the Briti/h channel" ,often ment ofllaves aboard •. , And therefore I ad- / 'Y traver ling the line; but it is fa rare, . that vile thOle, to ufe all poITi ble means to get it mull: certainly be al1ow'd much better their necefTary ltore 'of provifions ' at Fida, to follow the molt ' general praCtice of all where 'they are lO plenty , in order to fail 'European nations, which is to keep to th~ ~long the Biafard coart in' tlie Right, to cape fouthward to the longitude of Cabo Verde, Lope dire¢l:ly, without · being neceITitated as has been faid before; for a good .fa i ler ,to c~1l at St. 'Tome for provifiol1s ; and onl y will; after that manner ,~ , fun lixty ,or feventy take their ftore of water and wood' at ,the leagues in twenty four hours, the lea being [aid , ppe; and if provifions grow fcanty, commonly fmooth and the wind frelli, / then to ' make for Allllovon iOand, to get If it be delign'd; at p~:ting from Fid(i, that there. . : ', ' , or Whidab, or from Offra for (:ayenne, pr At parting fro111 New Colabar: rivet, if' the :',Leeward iOands, to put 'in at Prince's the wind .be well: ,fouth·welt ; we lay the mand ,in the Bight, that 'will prove a ;very h~ad louth by eaft, , and with the lOl1th:weft difficult matter from 'rl1e windward, unlefs wind, to louth fouth-eaft ; keeping is near a !hjp will lie very clore upon a wind, which the 'wind as is reafonable to weather the VOL, V_ 6 Y ifi:>.nd ~(}urfejl from' Guinea IlAilloT:i(\and of. F'erdin'a:nd" Po, "diftant trirty fix, " As to the' reft of the palTage; when bound ""'" lea'gues from Bandy point! narth-eaft by eaft; to' the iO'and Cayenne, a Frencb colony on arid- having paft to the windward of it, fec tlie: main land of America~ in the province the counfe for cape St. 'John; and' thence or- ali' Guiana, being got three degrees and a dering' the navigation, according to occur- half or four degrees fouth of the line, [0 fences', as' above related, if we' defign,fo!l mUt ' the eaft-fouth-eaft and ' fouth-eait St.' 'lome, to wood and water, and for pro- winds, as has been obferll'd ; we fet thence vifions, we may very well, in the month of the cour[e weft; till we reach fo far that September, get our palTage from Bandy way as one hundred leagues from the little paine to'St. <]'ome's road in fifteen or fixteen iOands Ponendo de San Paolo, which lie at clays. At that time of the ye'ar we find one degree forty minutes north, and three the' weather commonly [0 cold, as we ap- hundred fifty two degrees of longitude, ac- proach' thiS Wand, tho' fo nearthe lihe" and cording to the Frmch and Dutch maps. at the time of the equinox, that it I,nay well Thence we' make to north, weft, after- be fa!id to ' be as'raw and- pinching.,. as ori wai'ds north-north~weft, till we come into d~e' coa:ft of Britany' ; efpeci'ally' in'1he 'night, tour degrees north latitude, being that of every man aboard, tho' never fo hardy, is cape Caffipourri, on the continent of Ame- glad co put on more clotheS. rica, and thus lay ' the courfe direElly weft It will not be amifs, before we leave the upon it, and not on the north cape, which is cqu'inbCtial line, to give warning; that in but two degrees more northerly, as fome - chis run it is' requi[lie often t8 correCt the have dOM to their difadvantage; having . cDurfe of fhips failing in longitude frdm eaft thereby confiderably retarded their p:drage, : ~b' , weft, which LHofe' acquainted' with tne it being a coaft whe're they were fotc'd to abmudl-compafs win eafily do '; for If tl~e anchou every night. , Variac,iar ef the compafs be otlt: al-!ow'd; w d commonly' make a fwift run 'along all ':reckonings rimfi: prove erroneous : and ~hilH6aft of America, by reafon of the fwift , in eontirlued cloudy weather, or where the current, and the gulhing out of the Maran- mariner is not provided to obferve' ihe' vati- hon and Amazons rivers; which fet fo far ation duly;, Mr. Edmund Halley'S chart will out, that at a great diftance from the land, readily fhow him what allowance he mull: frefh water is taken ,up in the ocean;' make for ~his default of his compafs, and We reckon our felves juft north-north- thereby ,reCtify his journal. ' "', eaft of that famous river of the AfiJazons, This correCtion of the courfe, fays Mr. when we have forty-eight fathom water, Halley, is iIi no cafe fo necelTary, as in tun" and yellow fandy ground, mixt with very ning down a parallel eaft or weft to hit a fmall fheJls. port; for if being in your latitude at the ' Chrifldpber d' Acugna a Jefllit, who failed diLb:nce ,of feventy, Qr eighty leagues, yOU down that rivet from its [ource near fi and then the fon; fauth-weft, fr,ea, gales, veerable to [ourh~ beyond which fome leagues more to {he weft and back to fouth; we ft:and off to the weft:ward,is t'verloYe1/ Kindt ill Dutch, weftward with larpoar.d tacks ,on b9ard, till ' I' En/ant perdu in French, both fignifying in fourteen delP'ees 10ngitude, to the ,,:e.f\:- the loa: child. The French give fOljllet1ines w,ard of Lpaligo, ;and \t~er.~ ,w.e fi\ld ,the w.Jn~,s anothet name to the two rocks I [aid they - veering tram fou.th-routh.e~ fl: to (o,l,l~h-e...o:. call'd les Mamelles or the breafts, ' which is fre£!;> giJes. Whe,n w.~ .'; the Portuguefe call them Alca- war birds, which are f0met~ing like our traces, and give this farther, account of kites ·in Great-Britain. ' The current fets them. At, night" when . di(pos'd to fieep, itrOlig(~ to the north-weft;' the variation they fqar up as hIgh as poffible, and put- very little. ' ting their head under one wing, fuppore From this ifiand we ft~er north . weft', with themftilves for (orne time with the other; frclh gales at fouth-eair and 'eaft ·fouth-ean; but becaufe the weight of their bodies mull; in order to crofs the equatdr, anel '&fign-· n~eds force them down again at laft, as ing to· make the ifiaoo .']'obago weftward, ly- foon as they come to the water, they take ing in eleven degrees ' thirty~three nliputcs' their flight again, and often repeating it. north '. longitude, , weftward : of 'Fernando may in a manner be (aid ro fieep waking :. twen\y-eight degrees nineteen ., minutes, it often happens that they fall into the lhips , In this paJfage between the faid ifiands, we as they fail. Tho(e who know the nature find ftrange rippling and cdckling feas,ready of them add, that at ac ertain time of the to leap' in upon the 'lhip's, deck, which in- year, they a:Jways go a!hore to build their duces me to think the current is ftrong. ']'0- . nefts, and that in the high eft places, whereby Tobago bagois a high ifiand wit~ a good fandy bay they facilitate their flight. It has been ob- ijJanJ, on the' fouth-weft fide, where the Dutch had ferv'd, that being fet at liberty upon the formerly a great fort, till ' molefted by the' plain deck, they cannot raife themfelves. EngliJh,a nd Z.rench by turns; and now defi~reed. Some Englijh failors call this bird a booby, Froin this ifiand it's well known ho~ to and others a noddy. A s they feed moll:ly up- fet the"cour(e 'to that of Ja1naica,' the meri- on flying filh, they rafte very fifhy; and if dian diftance from ' ']'o~pgo; being fevenhun- you do ,not faIt them very well before you dred and fifty miles weft·; and in that paf- eat them, will make' you fick. They are fage no land is fcen, till we'make the north- fo filly, that when they are weary of fly- eait of Jalliaica, lying 'in eighty-two degrees ing, they 'will, ' if you hold out your hand, fixteen minutes longitude, weft from the come and fit upon it. . city C!f Lon,ngo befor~ mention'd. ..." The ', fecond fort are ' white, not near fo We :have commonly in the paffage· 'from 1arge,and their -feet red . The third fpe- GuiJtea to 'America, 'the div'erfion of ditch- des are lefs than thefe. · - ing bonitoes, albacores, doradoes, porpoife~; "There are great ·m ultitudes of then] in {harks, flying fifh, and rem'oras; of which tnefe feas, preying on lhoals of flying Jifh, forts, ' ~\>metimes greatfi)()als, keep us' ·com~ hunted ·by bonitoes and albacores; who, to pany; 'and we tak~ them :frelh and ·'frelh avoid b¢ing devoured by -thefe greedy fifiles, every day, efpecially the bdnitoes and a'lba- their implacable enemies, betake themfelves cores,bf which latterfort fome weigH fixey to fly out of their element into that of the pounds or more, being'· not only pleafant, air, a little above the fmface of the ocean, but veri ufeful and refrelhirig for travellers. wh~re F,heY.' meet thefe other winged foes , Wt;i1re alfo often divert~a'With the fight fallmg ' thlck upon them, as hawks do on ofa mulrinide of fmall wh'alts or grimpuffes,· birds, and neverfail to fnap 'many, ·and to \yinwfiill JlS if they were 'deatl witWtheir force the feft to plunge again into the rea, fnouts ,1aoove water, 'and fotnetimes pl~ying and into ·the fame ~angers they had en~ abotlu the fl:J.ip, with . a' ' hea-yy fiow motion' deavoul"d' to avoid, ' The fight of ihis fort and a great noife; and wh'en in· company" of conflict' is . fo pleafailt; that! Could not of other iliips, We' vifit one another by 'tl1rns forbear clrawi'ng a .lketch of it; which l pOl1e PLATE 7' in, our pinnaces or yauls, having commonly' will be' acceptable. . I" .• ~' ! '; ' " . The Ijl{mdJi~fSri; 'Mattl\ew, ,Afcenfiol1, &c. 'The'iOand of St, MattbJw ' befdfe n~en'- hOt being able to find ground to anchor. BAItDO'r, tio~'1' " lies in one,~tgr~e fifty mintl~es $~t& The road is when the peak, or pyramid, al- V'V"'" latlt\lde, f?rmerly IhHa'\lltOO;by thePlJrlllg(,ejc, ready Illnention'd, bears fouth fonth-eall: ; it who ~l[c;o~~r'd It ~Il St,l MattheuJ's 'ffay, a;ria is g(jo/:l randy-ground very near tbe Jhore_ gave rl:_t ),a~ nam~; liut th'cy 'aefe'rtetl ' it IbHg The' iiland (eems co , make a kind of fepa- ago, ,I 'this is what \5: fiiid 6'f 'it;,h6\\J , tl'uH rationlorilthe eall:-fide, kr\o"lfl.<',t i for at pi'c(et\e i (l1at iTlah'd is'llot , In the beginning of the lall: century. a few to be",feund, tho' "Iaia' 'Cldwn in'n1oft'E'I~cI- Portl!glio[e ; were left tllere to cultivntc the peail,l1iltps" , ,'" ,,;' t , 'I" Ii 1 :'11 n. ,Ij '') , i f1;tollhds,fc:lr c@tton and l1tdioli wheat"which MeeniIon , ',TI)c; idand A(cclijio'}z' , \ie~ i~ ei~ht ti~grees ,tlll'ove w~Il, ' It has fome cattle and gonts, iJl~nd , t111rtY ,mrnutes of '[outh la/ltude, ' difo", to hj~fi ,ll1ou'n'\ains, whid; have a littid' gr,een, miftakes, to 'wrong caufes; as being becall11~db. ;/ferv'" ' Ueln~ better moill:edecl, by t~e freqti~~t dews, about !thJ,liheJ/ &c, which on! y p;oceeded In "P', wl\ich C~l1res the gr,ound all abOUt td 'abolmd froin thei~ 'n o\i ; obferving thc 'r.egu lar courfe, with: t)k largell: and ', belt-tafted purnain in , or not making due obfervations ofland when the world, ' , , .~: ' they approach'd: the American continent; or , I am' cold, many ~erfons have cro,rs:q :,I:I;e of the'foq:e 'and 'ltrength of, the current of Ime,' between the l,ttle, Ifl~nds Ponti/do 'de ,the Ama:thnJi :'" "I ' " " Stili Pablo, and that of Ferdinand de ' Nd- Others' havb been ' faulty in not putting ronha" Others pretend it is not rafe to Crbfs :their 'fhlps Into due order before they ,left the inhere, alledging there are ,{hoals of r6cks Guinea,:' ooilt', I a 'thing ,very much , tio I by betwixt thofe iflands;' which in fome md~s minde€l' ; ' lind "Jiave not ' taken care '~ bcfore are cii!'d Abrolbos or Vigia, that is~cree; 'dr they fa]I'd adm Wbidab, "or'i cape Lope, to open the eyes" In fuen 'un'certainty', 'I tfi!~k fetwell :· tlfeir, Jhrouds ' and 'ltays, rarr ;. them it much more pru~ent ' to, follow the moll: well, Winlun the ruAning,ropes and li>locks. generai praCtice, as before obferv'd: , " lfthe Pbrt (IF tle in that they ' bring alol1g with Where I was conmrn'd, we always kept OUI ~ihem to the coaft, a fufficient . quantity of !laves in {u~h order, that we did not perceive coarfe thick mats, to ferve as bedding under the leaft inel-ination in any of them to revolt, · the /laves aboard; and !hifu them every-fort. or mutiny, and loft very few of our number '!'light or three weeks with fu~h fre!hr-mats: ·.iIi the voyage . ., which, be fides that it is Cofter for the poor It is true, w~ allow'd them much more "wretches to lie upon than the 'bare deals ' or liberty, and us'd ,th~m with more tendernefs dec~s; mull: allo be much healcliier for them, '~han moll: other Europeans would think pru. r b~c~lfe the planks, or d.eals; ·contraet fome . dent~o da ~ as,. to have them all upon deck .. dampnefs more or lefs, either from .the de,ck ' every day In good weather; to take their ~ ~ing fo often wa!h'd to kd:p it dean and meals twice a·day, at fix'd hours, that is, . J~eet, 'or frofu the rain that get$ in now and ': at ten in the'morning, and at five at night; " tl)e~ ,through, the fCLlttle~ o~ other, openings, . which, be!ng ended, we . made the men go and ~ven from the very fwear of the ,/layes; down agam between decks: for the women . ,which being fo crouded ina low: place, is )Vere almoll: entirely at their own difcretion, j?etpetu~l, ~qP occafions many -' diftempers,_: to be upon deck as long as they pleas'd, nay .,?r.,'at p~ll: . greF!t,: iriconvenjef1c~es .dangerous 'eyen many of the males had the fame ,liberty .rOj. th~lr, health ; where~s,IYlng :on mats, . by turns, fuc,;effively; few or none bemg fet- :.lInd .fhlfnngthem,from 'Pme .to ) nma,'muft ter'd or ,kept III !hackles, and that only on "be'much ' more coiwenient; . and it , would be account of fome ~i/lurbances, or injuries, of. " prudent to imitate the Portugueje , in this ,.' ter'd ' to tlieir r- fellow,captives, as will una • . ' ~~ the Managemel1t 5, of ..$ LA VES. voidably happen ameng a numereus creud vi,{l:uals~ and much, better than they eat in BA\lBOT. ef futh favage peeple. 'Belides, we aliew'd their , own ~~~~irY. ' ',:The , J:Jortuiucf~ (eed ~ C<1ch .ef them betwixt their meals a , handful them meft wIth Mand,oca. ' '. ' """ ef Itzdian wheat and 'j'v[alldioca, and new and As fer the lick' ai1:c\.~ounded;' er thdfe ~'utc f then ihert pipes and tebacce to fmeak up- of ~~der, eu~ furge,?,~s", in tpe,ir daily, vifitsfi::';'",,: en ,deck by turns, and , feme , CeCe)l7nuts , ~ .9,eFwlxF dec~s, ,finding any ind\fpofed, caus'd ' and to the we men a Ipiece ef cearfe deth to' t1)em to' b~ carried to th, Lazaretto, under cever ,the.m, and the fa~e to' "m,any; ef the ~he fere-caftle, a, reem 'referv'd fer a fert men I whlCh, we ' teek car,e they did wafh ?fh~rpital" wher~ 'they were carefully,1eek'd frem time to' time, to' prevent vermin, which ~fter . Being eut ~f the creud,. t~e,furgeens they ,are very fubj eCl: to' ; and boqaufe it had mere cenvemency and wne to' admi- leek'd fweeter and mere agreeabl~' i 1'0'- nj!1:er preper remedies; ';"hich 'they cannet ,wards the evening they diverted themfelves po' leifurely between decks, becaufe ef the on the deck, a,s they theught ,Ih,rdme cen- 'great heat tllat ' is tliere 'centinually, which verfing tegether, ethers dancing" finging, is , femetimes Ie exceilive, thac ' the furgeens and fpening after their manner, which ~euld faint away, ~nd the' can5Ues :-"euld net pleafed them highly, and . eften made us ,b/lrn; bpfides,that.1n fuch a creud efllrutiih pallime; efpecially the female rex, wbe!Je- peeple, there are always feme very ,apt to ' ing a-part frem ,the IT,lales,; en : .he ,quauer- ,<',oney and , ,hurt ethers," , a~d all in gen'eral 'J deck" and many ef them, yeung /prig]1tly f9 greedy, that they will /natch ' trom the I maidens, full ef jellity and geed-humeur, lick Claves the frefh meat er liquer that is afferded us abundance ef r~creatien ; as did gi~en , them. , It is nO' , w~y advifable to' put fevetal little fine . beys, ,which, w, meltly ~he lick rtav,esintmetjm,es "twO' hundred and fifty that (urvived, were with palm·eil and 111alaguett~ or Gl!inea like ikeletons, ene half ef them net yielding pepper. I feund they had much ~etter itO'- abeve ,feur peunds a ,head there: an ever- ln':jtj (lt~ the iOand Gaye,)me, 'or,Sallee'men, as it ' has' Hilppen'd ' tO" miifiy in the ptbVinc'eof·(jut~haid NortbAtheri'ca. afte't fuch voyages perf6rm'd, • They liJught \; "1 h!ive tlidu'gm·fu: Eo,fubjoin a /hortnew al fo to confider tile inceh:!t'.of their .owneis, defcriptiC aciquej ; they language of the Galibjj has a great humber have very little of religion, efpecially the Ca- of words that mull:· be pronounc'd with very raibeJ, who are without laws, and fcarce believe rough afpirations, others cannot be pro- a deity: however, fame have their Peea)as, 01' nounc'd without fhutting the teeth; at ano- priell:s, and believe the immortality of the ther time one muft {peak through the nofe ; foul. And when any Cacique or commander and fometimes thefe three difficulties all oc- dies, they kill his fi aves, to wait on and ferve cur in the fame word; The Ga/ibis idiom their mall:er in the other world . is not only underi1:ood by all the nations, Thefe nations love war, for want of other which the Spaniardj on one fide, and the exercife. The Caraibes, when in the field, to Porluglleje on the other, have oblig'd to make fame incur lions bIi theIr neighbours, retire into Guiana, but alfo by the CaraibeJ, are fo very much afraid that any of their who are the natives of the Antilles, and · uft: army fhduld be tak en by furprize, that this language; as alfo the Indians of SI. they fend out detachments every hour, and Vincent, and St. Domingo , and others: fo place guards in places of difficult accefs. that it may be {aid to be fpo ken, for the as ingenioufiy as regular forces in Europe Ipace of above four hundred leagues on the can do. Thofe that live on the fea-coall:; fea-coall:s, and in many places far ' try. On the {outh fouth-weft of the .1coquaj flea, broil'd. The Galibi j are pretty la- are the Aramifas, whofe idiom borders boriou.s, and cultivate their lands propdrti. much on that of the Ga/ibis, having a great onable to the wants of their families. Thofe many of the fame words in it, tho' they are people do not put any grea t value tlpOn gold unacquainted with that nation. By the re- or fil ver: they truck hal11ocks, aloes-wood; uort of the Nouragues, the Arami/as are a monkeys, and parrots, io r fome hatchets, very good fort of people. If there be a bills, knives, looking.glalfes, ahd other lake of P arima, this nation cannot be forty fmall wares; but particularly for Tades; leagues from it on the north fide ; but none that is a green Il:one, which they value very of thefe nations can give the leall: intelli- much, believing it ,has a fovereign virtue a- gence of it, not even the Arami!aj, who are gainll: the falling ficknefs, to which they are fituated towards the [ource of the river Ma- very fubjeCl:. They have a temperate air, roni, the mouth of which is about fifty and great abundan(e of maiz, ananas, plan- leagues from Cayenne well:ward, and thirty tains as large as all > egg, and a finger's from the river of Surinam, where the Dutch length, of an excellent tall:e; a great deal have a fort and a colony; and are in the of aloes-wood, brazil, balfam, corton, filk, fame longitude wherein the maps place the and {pices; abundance of apes, and ba- eall:ern parts of the lake of Parima. boons with long tails, very large and flat- The nation of the Sapayes dwells next to nofed. The turkeys have black feathers the Galibij, at the mouth of the river Apro- on the head, as herons. aque, which is fourteen or fifteen leagues The GUiana Indians ate generally red, of call: of Cayenne. The Arovagues, the Aro- a middling, or rather low Hature, of a ro- ates, the Taos, Arvaques, Caraibes, and o- bufl: i1:rong conftitution, having black, long, ther Indian nations lie towards the river and lank hair; going all naked, their privy Oronofue, weftward of Cayenne ; baving a parts cover'd only with a little <:otton-welt, hanging i A ' DESCRIPTION Of I3ARBoT,hanging down to the legs. The women are of it; when an Eitrop~all reprefents to them; ~ ihorter.generally than the men, and of a red in ~heir language, that by the laws of God colour, but tolerably handfome ; their. eyes we are forbid to kill an enemy when . he is for the moft part blu~,' and very regular fea- taken prifoner, and much more to eat him; tures in their faces, and well framed. They and,the.y do not offerto repl y to it.: anq fome ufea piece of cloth ·about fix:inches [quare,' ofhhe principal Acoquas have appear'd full \yhich they call Camifa, ufually iWQve, , in of indignation, when they heard that fome fi\ipes ofd ivers colours, and efpeeially.white; Gtil£bis inlinl1ated we' ihould be roafted by ' i which is the moft valuable .among them. them, if we,. ,1 .mean the Europeans, ihould .T he men cut off, their beards, dye their venture to travel through their country • f.~Ges with Rocou, and cover their arms and Whence it maY' be:·infer'd, that tho' this faces with feveral folds of the fore-men- barbarous inhuman ptatl:ice is fo ' much efta- tio~" d fort of cloth ; they wear by way of bliih'd and received')arrlhe' hada mind to vilit, 'beinthis ve~ ' th.e ll1any b.atdes they have fought, as \V~11 ry good friend: "'. ' ,I:' j,., ~J ,J WIth the , native Indi(l.m aswit/l Europeans, Being come to ' the ' cottage ' oF tllis chief' to maintain their groul)d: wherein they have of the Sapayes, they were kiridly~ntertairi'Ci; 1 been fo fuccefsful, that it is now one ,ofthe and a chief of ~he Galibis arriving' th'ere thCl moft conlideriible and !\dvantageous colollies the-y have in America. ' It the /jlancJ. of' Cayenne. It will be. needlefs to fay much of the cli, ny died ,almolt as foon as born, and 6thers BARB01·. tna~e, the foil and pr~duCt of the country. at a very tender age ,:· for which reafon the ~, wluch are the fame as.1O the reft of Guialla ;- moft fubftantial planters ufed to fend them I I !hall confine my felf to what is more pe- ov.er . to. France very, yo ling, to preferve I culiar to the Wand, gather'd by my own them . from the malil3~ify of that bad air ; !J~b •• llhy obfervation, and the information of thofe which is now. nothing ,llea1' [0 perniciolls to ,lima" . . employ'd in the government, and of the thofe yOllng babes, fince the land has been __ , principal and moa ancient planters.. To grubb!d ,up: fo that they grow up healthy .. .,:h,m4p. this I hav~ added a moa exaCt map of the and . ltrong. .Befides" the women are ,fafer PLAT~':lJ!lj1and, whIch Was prefented me by Monfieur in child-bed , and the . generality , of the in- l1f-Er.[olles major of the place, and a rela7 habitants lefs fubjeCt to diflempers than they tion to the late duke de Noailles, and .to. the were ,before the .iOand was c1ear'd of molt of cnunt de Biellac, as he caus'd it to be taken. the , wood. However, it is O:ill, ,and will when he came into. that poll:, after the death always be an uncomforrable place to live in, of the chevalier de Lezy \ which, aecording to becallfe of the long rainy feafon. every year, his direCtion, I caus'd to be encrtav'd at the fcorching c10fe air night and day, which Rocbel in a large fheet, for the ufe oft he court. difpiritsatnan; and the heavy fhowersand Pojiti... This iOand of Co)'mne has been a. Frmcb vapours, exhal'd from the Cwampy. grounds. colony ever fince the year 1625. 1t lies which ltill occafion difeafes in men', and clofe by the continent of Guiana, and only beafts; tho' not fo n1uch as form erly. Large cut off and made an iOand by the rivers ,Ov;a cattle particularly, Can fcarce live there. on the eall:, and CayaJ/a on the weft; from They are al[o continually to rmented with which lall: it takes its name, as may be feen in gnats, fiies, . hand~worl11s, ants, bugs, and the map. The town and forc, where the other forts pf vermin; all which together great road is at the 'mouth of the river Gui- renders ! the place very difagreeableand . un- ana, are exactly in four degrees fifry minutes eafy: for which rea[Qn, feveral planters, .when of north latitude, and three hundred thirty- grown rich, re tirejnto France, and let .their two degrees of ealt longitude from Ferro, It plantations. is reckoned about eighteen or twenty leagues The foil of Cayemle, by, reafon of the con- Soil an'/ in cOl)1pafs, ltanding high on the coaft, and dnua! rains, produces plenty of fugar-canes ; proJllfI. looks at a diftance like part of the conti.nent, which, tho' fmall an.d Ihort,jointed, yield very as appears by the profpeCt in the . print here plentifully: alrQ of Mandioca or {JajJabi, II/- inferted, which I took as we fail'd along the dian wheat, Rocou;, 'cotton, Accajotl-apples, coaft. Banillas, Pete, Ebony, L etter and . Violel- LengthanJ The length of the iOand, from .the river wood; Anallas, '1'uberofes, very fine and large; hreadth. Ovia to the . river Cayana, is abo\lt feven Papaias, and fever. . l forts of American / and leagues, and the breadth about three. European grain and feeds, beIides lemons, Cayan. The river CayaJ/a falls into the north-fea oranges, indigo, and figs, &c. · , , ri"". on the welt fide of it, dividing the country 1:he countl'y abounds ,in wild-boars, call'd Bitd, lIn" of the Caraibes from that of the Golibis. there Packs, deer)' .. gontils, wood-cocks, h."fI', The iOand forms three principal capes or ortolans; night·ingals; arras, occos, toucans, promontories, being thofe of Fori-Louis, Se- parrots, parroquets, and other birds only re- perou, and Maburi. It has much meadow markable for their. feathers ; alfo Flamingos, and pafture ground in feveral parts; the reft birds about as big asa hen, flying in fwarms is low and marfhy, efpecially in the middle, like ducks or cranes \ large wild-ducks with -fo as to be almoft impaflilble. The edges red tufts on their heads; lizards, cameleons, o( it .are moftly cover'd with large trees, and very large ferpents, fome of tbem above serpent._ which we call mangroves, .having tJlat pe- twenty-five foot long. befides many [r:JlIlJer. culiar, quality of growing in faIt water, fo I was Ibew'd the ,.ikin of one in t~re"town thick; deep, . and wide rooted, I that from twenty-four foot long, kill'd i!:;.~ H'land, 'in thofe very roots other trees rife up without whofe belly was foupd a:w hole, fawn. Ano- I end,Jo wonderful clofe inte.rwoven wit~in one ther ikin was prefentedi me fourteen foot another, that in fome parts of the inand, (t long, the figure whereofis in the CUt. , PLA'r.,6. man may walk leagues on them without In relation to monO:ro\ls. {erpents found. in I touching the ground; Soulh America, I will ,.her€ give the account About forty years ago the iOand was ex- I had from one m6nfieul' Cbcrol, a furgeon traordinary unhealthy, becaufe of .the long of St. Malo, woo in:his,return from the Eajt· ~ rains, which lafted above nine , m.ont~s in Indies, in ,the yean 1704, ha.ving put linto twelve, but efpecially from Dece",ber till Bahia de '1'ados loS'S an/os, .in Brazil, amrms, I June; as.alfo becaufe the ground was clQ(e that i~ · th~ monafury ofthejefuits,1 at the, wpoded, and fo marlby, .that it occ.afion'd city of St. Salvador, .one of thofe fathers feveral forts of difeafes among the inhabi· !hOW'q ,him the ·ikit:!· of ;\; Imonftrous {erpent Menfitou. tants, which in a more particular manner kilJ'd in the countty fix , months beforcwhichftrptnt. affet1:ed young infan\s, infomuch, that ma- he meafur'd him{eIf, .a,l)d.found to be.forty- , two / ~60 ' A D ESC R IP 'r ION of .BARBOT. t~t6~t in length, and.a bove four in circum- was like afwine, and play'd all the tricksot' ~ Lrence ; and adds, th_e jefuit affur'd him, a monkey. The wool on its head, neck and as a known truth, ,th~~,.ll. young bullock had body, was grey and brown ftriped. It fed been found in the b~l!}\ , of it almoft whole. very greedil y on walnuts, and was very full The fame monfi~l!r, Gbfrot affur'd me, that of fport, but died in 1704. The fame fort in the £~me city'pf'St. Salvador, he admi- of animal isalfo found in the il1and of Mada- ' nifter'd to a Black; whofe ftomach and belly gajcar, and call'd Chilote by the people a- Chitote; PrDJigioUJ were monftroufty fwollen, ~s if he had been bout the bay of Maffaly, facing the channel ~ JI,.nge "',,'" in a in a dmpfy, a dofe of a dram and a half of of Mozambique; where it breeds in the woods, moture. man. ' mercury or qUick!llver, which brought away fkipping from one branch to another on the from him by' ftool a prodigious dead, flat high trees, as the monkeys do, and hanging worm, cover'd all over with thin fmall fcales in the fame manner at the boughs by their like a: fnake, fuB fixty-fix foot long, and but long tails. a quarter of an inch broad; but wanting the The fea about Cayenne affords large tor- Fifl,. head, which had been qlffqlv'd in the pati- toifes, mullets of twenty pounds weight, enl'S body, This wbrm he protefted he had yellowifh large Machorans or cat-fillies, kept a long time in a bottle, that held five thorn backs, and other forts of fifh; and the pints of liquor, and yet the Worm with only rivers are welJ.£tor'd with fuch as belong to one pint of fpirits to preferve it; aIm oft fill'd the frefh water. the borde, After which evacuation, the pa- In my time there were not above fifteen tient recover'd by degrees. fbgar plantations, and four or five of Rocou iLeguat in his travels, if they deferve any or Anotto in this il1and; but there are at credit, ,fays, there are ferpents fifty foot prefent many more of the former, and few long in theifiand of 'java. At B,atavia or none of the latter, for reafons I fhalt they ' ftill keep the~in of one, w~ich tho' have occafion to mention hereafter. but twenty foot in length, is faid to :have Money was alfO very fcarce then, but the SlIg4f. fwallow'd a young maid whole. I teturn to free-boaters who Feturn'd from the Soutb- Ca~enne, where , " Sea, the meaneft of whom had at leaft two , ""They have Ene tygerdkins from the In- thoufand crowns for his fhare, bought them dianJ, fame bf which I caus'd to be made habitations there, increa[ed the colony, and into 'muffs at mY,return to Paris, and 'they render'd money current among the inhabi- were there 'Valu'd at ten Loui:r-d'or "each; tants;' and the foil of the ifiand being Coon There are alfo, feveral forts of monkeys; fa- worn out by planting of fugar-canes, fome Sapajou,. p:ijous" and fine Amazon parrots , brought have made plantations on the adjoining can. frpm the countries about that river, eafy to tineht, to the weft and fouth-well: of Ca)'mne, be taught to fpeak diftinctly, but very dear, and thrive extremely well. for I gn ve ten crowns for one of them my It is reported in Spani/h hiftories of the felf. The parroquets are commonl? abOlft dlfcovery of America, that the art of draw- the bignefs, of an <;>rdi,nary, thrufh, all the ing and refining offugar, was perfected by body of a lovely fhining green; a painted LewiJ de Figueroa and Alonfo de St. 'John, head, and very long narrow tail of various priors of the order of St. Jerome, in the colours; the feet and bill white, and fame Hland Hi/paniola; alillO 15 I 6. of them will talk a little. I have inferred The fugal' made here is very good, both PLATE 7, in. the print the exact figure of the fapajous White and Mufcovado of three [arts; and and parroquets of Cayenne, drawnJrom the reckon'd at L)'011S and 'I'ours in France, ,life, ' and that of th~ female lamentins; as much more proper and (wing for confectio- allQ of a r~·re creature abou~ as big as a ners, than any other whatfoever ; being both litde-tylonkey, which I ofl en Caw in the pof- very [weet andmoift. The beft White fu- femon )fMr. Ceo. d' Olin, drugfter in New- gars and ]Vlujcovados, are commonly put up gate·Slrt,~ondon, about the year 1703, in large and long chefts, made of Acajou who kept it in his fhop, and was prefented planks, after the manner of the Brazil with it by a traveller coming from tlie Red- chens, and the coarfefi in carks, for the Sea; who brought it from the il1and of An- greater conveniency of ftowidge aboard go'uan;' one of the Comeras, lying in thirteen fhips. The fugar is the chief product of degrees of fouth latitude, ,between the coaft this ifiand, and has enrich'd feveral planters of Zanguebar and the , ifiand of Madagajcar, in a fhort time, when they were well [up- on the eaft fide of Africa. This little ani- ply'd with lufty Black l1aves from ·Cuinea; mal's head was like that of a very young for then 'a male l1ave did not yield above lam~, only the muzzle fomewhat /4arper- one hundred crowns, or two hundred and pointed I the ears flat and open, the head .fifty FreJJcb livres: about which lall: price, and neck all cover'd with a fhort cur!'d -r fold 'a hundred and thirty l1aves at my wool as fine as filk; the'- body; legs, and paffage thither. But the colony having tail exactly like a monkey, only that the been lately neglected, fome of the rich tail ' was more hairy, The noife it made planters being dead, and others gone a wa y into the Ifland of;p ayenpe. ~6t into F,·allce, which caufed them to make irg , very ltrong. , The dye ftairi~ every BARBQT' but little fugar; and Rocou beconiing a thing it touches, but the SpaniJh dno~to is ~ perfeCt drug, fo that /hips of but an · in- filr better ' and fiher than that of Cayenne. different burden, waited fometimes near a This fort of dye will ' keep many years; ' if year for their lading: they had fo few weI! preferv'd in proper moift and cool pla- naves carry'd thither, that in the year ces; but in length ' of time it dries up al- 1697, a man·nave yielded five hundred Ji- molt to dult, aAd leifes Its virtue. It is alf6 vres; the [lldians riot being able to furnilh adulterated and mix'd with fame other in- the colony \V·,tb a fllflicicnt number of .11- gredients, either ih the country or in Eu- lllerica1l Oaves, who befides are nOt altoge- rope;' artd moulded a-new into loaves; but ther fo proper as the Blach; to cultivate fuch dye is nothing near (0 good as the the ground. . natural. F ew at prefent are ignorant of the niat1 '· The trees commonly at full age do noe her how fugar is made, but perhaps as few ~xceed fifteen or !Ix teen foCit in height, ve- know the mahner of making Rocou; ahd ry nlady and ever green; hearing a great therefore I /hall here give an accourit of it. quahtity of the bloffom or flower of Allolto Ji,ocou dr Rocou Isa red dye; or deep orange-colout, or Rocou, which wheh yet young; ate of a Anona and commonly ufed as a ground for othet fine pleafartt red, and at forne dHbince re- "It. colours, in linnen cloth or filk s, The name fembles the pomgrahate-tree wheh blown! is Indian, and it is call 'd Anollo in the SM' The Rocou planters formerly" ·cultivated niJh American countries, which perhaps may iargeorchards of thefe trees, as we do of alfo be deriv'd from the Indians of thofe apples or cherries, , parts. At the firft planting of it in Cay· The chief town of Cayel1ne ltarlds oh the elllle, the natural Rocou got from the IlIdl- Weft ' patt of the iOand, in an advaritageous ans fold iri France from tlventy to fifteen lituatiori \ nature and art having equally Iivres a pound. This great price fet many contributed to the fortifying of it. It is of people upon cultivating the plants there, an irregular hexagon · figure. The fortifi~ and in a: few years fo great a quahtity , was cations of the town, as the pian rerret-entS i made; that it became a drug; inforllllch were moftly caft up with earrh by the Hol- that about the year 1 G86, it would not lailden, after they had· driven the French fetch nirie fols a pound at Rochel, one of the from "the iOand; and have fevera!' batteries fea-port towns of France, which had for mounted with cannon, and a dry ditch quite many y~ars the moft fettled trade with round, belides rows of trees that lurround Cayenne, af!d from whence more efpecially it in a triangle, which makes ai handfome the garrifon of that iOand receiv'd its pro- profpeCt at a diftance. 'Within this night vifions and clothing; having my felf been fortification, ftand above two hundred hou- commimon'd into that fervice. ' fes, difpofed in (uch manner, as to 'form two . This dye is produc'd from certain very indiJfereht ltteers or lanes, all bbilt with fmall red berries, growing a great number planks of a certain tree by the French' cal!'d together in a fmall c1ufter, the form of Poirier, and of other fort of timber, 'and reATE 16. which is teprefented in the print. This thatch'd; which is the reafon they are now ' c1ufter, when the berries are almolt ripe, is and then burnt down fo faft, that 110thing ·pluck'd from the trees, and as it dries; opens can be fav'd, to rhe great lofs and damage fo as to drop the berries; which are gather'd not only.ro the owners, but of fevera! jnha~ and put into proper veffels or troughs, to a bitants round the town. On the tlorth-eaft certain quantity, and fteep'd iri clean water, part of it, tOwards the gate of Ar1/Jir~, · the which if! a very /hart time wa/hes off the ' jefuits have a little"chappel, ftanding lh at} red colour from them, and fwims on the open place by itfelf, arid before it a !¥'ove furface, and the feed by its ponderoufnefs of lemon-trees, which afford i ,'':'':Jafant . ralls ro the bottom of the troughl, and is iliade t6' walk under ;-the chappel i' iidorn'd good for nothing. This dye they take up with ~ fmal! fpire of planks-;,- with godd , 'gently, and put it into other veffels, where bells. · ; .. , it coagulates in the ftm, and grows thicker j Oil ~ pte tty fteep hill or em inence· lhihds and thicket, by lying; and wheh it is come the fort of St. L ewis"" de Ceper,oux,. built ·,to a true confiftency, lik~ new cheefe, th~y by order of L ewis XIII ', king "of Fra?Zce; mould it into fl1]all nriaifes, fame fquare; on the fea-fide, comman.ding ~very Way, \ others in long rolls, each weighing abOUt mounted with forty~two iron guhS'\ '. t.he four pounds, · and cover them with dr}"d garJ'lfon whereof commonly confifts 'of fout palm· tree leaves, which help to preferve It, companies of regular , forces, befid~i~ing to mentym and fe~-cortoi(es are their chief pro- . fire . off fome cannons;efpecially. . in the vifion, a.nd · may -well be called the manna night-time. The weakeft places . pf' this to the poorer fort. iOand ar~ alfo defended by fomeb!ltteries ,The Lamcnlyn is by fome call'd rhe [ea- Man3t; ... al)d guns. ' COW, and by others Mana/i, the head where- jiA·m. .. The next town in the iOand to this, , is of is much like a pig's, except that its fnoLit Armire, diftant about three leagues eaft- is. not altogether to long. The largeft of ward, but lmall and thinly peopled; where them are about twenty foot long, having the jefuits have a chappel alfo, for the con- no fin~,. but the tail, . and twO paws: the v~niency of the inhabitants of that part of body is pretty thick or round, till cowards th~ iOand: . and about a league fartj1e'r eaft is the navel ,; ,the taillike that of a whale and t~\! P9intt I Mahuri, anq near it ,a very , fine porpoife, has an . horizonta 1 bread\h whe!) plan~ation for fugal',. belonging t.? , a . pani- the anim~llies flac 'on his fiomach .orbe)iy. cular acquaintance ofm ine; Mr. Fontaine of Its fkin is bldckifh, with lome thin hair~, ROIfBn, fince deceafed ; and is a fit place to ' rough and hard, and fo very thick, chat the land at. Weft of this plantation fiands an Indians 'cue it into narrow long Oips, which //idi(l1l. carbet. Thefe ·are all the xemanka- they dry,and become as ft iff as a cane; where- ble .t,owns of Cayc111j~1 ,excep~ here and ther€ with the , Europeans chafiife their Oaves. fCjmll cottages, and plantations about the Others make of the fklll a fort of bucklers, illa!)d; the fouth p~rt.'\lfwhich is ftor'd with mufkeF-proof. The ~yrs are very fmall" no f1l1~';'c large meadows or pafture-grounds, bigger than a common .hog's : the oprick cl\W4oi\frer the IlIdi(llls. Savanas, afld three nerves are a lfo fmall, and have no iris, [:jnd 'riV"llets> ; They have Llfually a w3tc;p,houftl ;very ' little . humour . . .At ia di!1:apce from and a ,batt~'ry of [Oi:ne:iron guns 'at Armire, which is a "ound hqle, .on each fide of. the 'to give , !1gnals, when they difcover .Jhips head, with all the ufual and nece{fary organs cpming from the eaftward. , :", for hearing; and it hears ,the beft of.all.wi.- !')!,Fortj:.ouis comma~ds both the r:own .and ter animals. The tongue is extremely [mall, \~e fea ; , the anchQring·place for fhips is un- in proportion to the .bul,k , of the creature; q~r. ~he cannon Qf th\! fort, within mufket- and befides, itcQml110nly draws it in, whente 1Po,~ f~om land, in ~!1ree fathom and a half feveral haye (aid it has nOlle. It h~s ~hirty­ mUddy : ground~ foutlt-weft of tlu; "water~ two cheek-teeth or grinders, and tufk~ ,like gat~, ,which has fOllr good guns to . defend wild boars, but no fore teeth: the gpms ~h'~ .. rp;ld.. " . p. ,,, ,; ,,' are pr,etty hard, with which it br<;l\lzes and f.'i ;rhle them ~NPofe paps:, otheros 'pf : !rc ~J1' doathi l)g, ,; !tuffs, filks, ,'. /flOes, fay, .. they ,nevel' qbferv'd that creature ·tO and , otl,' ~:r wearing .app~rel are alfQ.9[ry~d ,fuckle and en~brace any more. than ,one li~tle .~hiJhen 'tt ';.;('Fran~e" . [01',; tl)e .ufe::of Ill,n, one, at a , t.irne, .and are configtntit. i brings women and children; and all forts of iron- .forth but,'one".· The geni[al~, a~ y;eil.ir- ttlP.I~,\al)d fm~ll wares; ",ei.ther for ~h,t: .fer- ternal as ~xternal. are mor~ like. thofe .of vice ,bf th~ colony, or fO.n. the A(?IaZO(1S and human creatmes, rhan any , other fp!!cies of "1~ian trage. are b~rter'd for f~gaf' ; R,ocou, ,al)i!Uals. . Their blood is warm, ;lad neVyr !f1.digo,,}Qrtoife fhells, , tygersfkin~, qn,d ;o- ,congeals . .. h has not a very free refpiratioo 1))er iI)G}"nfiderabltl curiofities ofth~ coun\ry, .in the wl).1;er, for which reafon it often holds 'lI'/!lIi.c\l ,qid-,once turn t6, gre~t profit to the :the rm\lz .. le Ollt of it for air; at wh.ich time . {r~~ef§!Jb~re. . ,: , ·., i, ~ " C"il',,' .', they . aT~, e~ filY'frruck : with, hMp.ing·irom. '1 t. ,,:rhS',\')on!le~ I' /1ec~~a~y'provifiens' of the .. rrhi~ .fort of fi!h.i~ very <:afily caugho, ,JlS ~r~uClf;qf ,theiOap.d. ar~ ¥andiova.'or CaiJa- , gene:raiJy: feeding in large :hetds, in three 1Ji,.:and"il?1d,iani'/heat.;,.o(whiq/1 ea:Ghrplanter 'i0n. fQur foot water,. and :i (0 came in: many :f~}Vs ; larg~ ·, quantities" ,. !)loth ·"for. the,:·,fllb- lJ,parts .01', rhtl Eajl-IlIrlieJ" us to fuffer men. ,(O ' :Ii1t;tP~~ J .of. their.rPV>'/'! .. :families .land 'Oaves, "ifSh in '~mong, Jhem as they al'¢ .f¢ed·iog; fo : \llnd to fell to the 9ther inferior inhabi(~nts. that they may feel ,them with their , hilllds ~- a~ the Ijland of tCayenne. and chufe which they plea.fe; or to Oloot • \ . I 'I r ~ •• dre£red" it wi ll' keep gootl above a, rfldnth, GA~B.oT. ' them with the muzzle of the piece al'l'noft They have not tl\e 'l:';llY of falting uliC1 d'i'}:-~ at their head: and will let two or three men ing It to keep a long while, for want ,bldiallI ott ·the\veLl: ...m tn. trading that way, either by fea' or land' : ~ni:l ' fide'of nhis river, ' [e\>er~I ''kagues;up 'iq!:Whofa ' maoy have, been Oai n or injur'd on·,'both , female fex is exceedingly handfornef' nnd lgo fi~es, . for th~ French ftruggled againLl: tlieir , ftark ' nak~d, pfaitirrg'th'eJ h'.ir ohheir :h~;ids antagon:fl:s from Co yellile and Wiapoco, 'as ' very artificially; a'l1drhau he'()bferv'd, 'When I ,rhuch as they could. " ,;, aflY 0f thore women :C:1meinto his 'prefence~ \ Things being come to this pafs, .and ,for : they feem'd to be,afha med of beitig naked, ' a long willIe (0 open violence among ·the but l not ! at"idl when :rerurn'd among their' cbntenders, ahd their bulinefs being thei.eby' oWn 'peMl' IDa.y1 bllJ !f~ken ~lp:;above thirty! leagUe$')a~' !::utants;-rt0r jlllde!!9!ti,!§h~11'; :yllla-f;~!; "mfo! fea·. ,:~.fOtQ: :3'nd.rapiditY hindering it frOl1l;' ;ffl~$,~~lilltfQme !::Q.futAA; Portugllif,.aJfur?,1j mi¥lllg ·:Wi~h the faIt . . ld~: ·to be obferv'd, 'J1}M/tll¥ hMI fcell nQ,9>l!ntries_b enef-imck'4 thatwhatfo~vel\ Europeans fii'lt pofli:fs them- , V{i~h , pep.~l~Uhri?· i the: .whokextent pa·, .tli~ fel"es ,of eho , ill and of the fun; . will eafily :4.,,!9:{:~If; q1ter. · , .... ,,1; .i;·II' ., , ~ command tht:entrance into that noble river ;:Tq~ 'lgr~at fort : of Para Is built . thirty of the Am·a;;.ons; and fecure the trade of-it Ic;:!-glll;s , below Com mUla; , belonging:: to the to themfeliles. ., ' . ~~r~ugl{efl, who have commonly there a gar- Tl;e lake of PaTima, fo much fpoken bfN• .l ld. ·f rifon ' of three companies of foot, : under the by many authors, is now generally agr@'ed Paruna. command of a govemour,. who . h'l5'1 the , to be ,altoge1her fabulous and imaginary:; over fight of all other officers of garr;fons . the Fren(q from Cayenlle having inade all .. b,longingJto .his goyernment; but ' this :go- imaginable fearch after it, as the Spaniards 've~O(,lI.~r.is underthe j\lrifdictlon .of him of. and other nations hJd done before: and for ' Mar,(lgn~n. ' and mllft obey his orders. , The: the Gity Manoa, or El Dorado, it is of the' gQvernrnent of Mara.~noni ~ s above .a,hundred fame ftamp. For had there been any fuch ' anq thirt.y:.leagues diftan~ from Para,down , wealth, as many have reported to be in alo.ng ~he river, at:Jd towards Brazil ;' ,which that place, no obltacles would have been· :occafion.s-: great inconv.erienaies in the; (on- . fufficient to ftop the progrefs of Europeans, ) dut;\: oJ of . - Twenty-fix leagues below this ifia)ld of to mention the famous riv~r of the AlIl(l- th; An:a- the, fun; directly under . the line" this fiver ZOI/S; it will not, I hope, be clifagreeable to zons hver: of if"" Am,nom is eighty four leagues over, give fome. farther account of the f.1id river, bounuci . on the: fouth fide by Zaparara, from the belt Spanijh authors, who alone and on tl",~~er by ,~e nonh cape, between are able to acquaint . us with what has been w hieh it difcharges it felf into the ocean. It difcover'd relating to it. . , may_be .caU'd a fea of fre!h watep, milling When Francis Pizarro had fubdued the OreUau. '. with tpe fait. of t.he f~a, being the noble~ empire of Peril, he gave the governrnenrfirft g ... and ' lt rgdl: nver. m the)mown world, ThIS of ~ito, and fome other nortbern provinces, J!,"" t~h. fame river is ot~erwife caU'd Orellana, the to his brother Gonzalo Pizal'/'o; who fefolv-~:::~1a~ •• name of the firft'Spaniard that fail'd down ing to make f.1rther difcoveries weftward, It from Peru. . The length of i~ courfe has in hopes of finding much gold, he fet betlnlimg reckon'd onethoufand two hundred out with a good number of Spaniards, among fevelity"fix leagues,but liner difcoyeries mllke 1 whom . was .Don Francifto de Orellana, a it one theufandeight hundred;i,nwhich ceurfe ,gentlemal1 .of good birth and quality: after it fertilizes an infillite number ofn ations, and ~~!Uany days travd, being in ·great want of alm'oft CUts SOlllh-America afunde~, i reC;lliy- " p~p'yilions, . ,PizaT'To fent this Orellana in a ing abundance of.. the nobleft .;c,anq; . ~eil: .', pa-~k" w,itb fixty men, down a riverto feek rivers 'in that part of the new wl'>rld,. ;\w/ti~h . fQ(". plovi/ions. He ra-n down with the ./1_ ftrc:am II:reanl for fel'erai days through a derart 'coun:! f\lh~; ' pr~ceedij)g '(,ow tp 'Y hat ACilltlla. fa~s ,BA~ np~. try,. till he carrie to · another ,inhabited I; . otl)~lcou~r~io( wh!c\?c "fas an ey~-W'tn~!s. ~. when finding it very difl1c~lr ,to ; 1/:tutn '\ilp ' :He S~l<;tJ!)es It · thus :' its courfe IS full of two· h).lndred leagues; to . the , pIa ceJ:ft'0tl1 , wln2:ng-s,' rec.eiving 'i .grea'tIiUmber bf eth~r whence ,he came, he· refolv'd ,to ' proteed'lI ' :tve!'~{~9Iii ; bOth } th~ ;~~rth and r09t~ !ide~ ': (.nd' w-a]; carty'd from the river on which,h(! tllell R.re~dth va~ies~~ml'c;11~ be}ng 'II fame had irnbark'd into that of the AmazoflJ; .lii' ptacepd · league ..; ,: iri :'.qrhe,rs:.tWp" threej ,or qdl'd in reality from fom~ women they fa~ 1 nlorer; Iqut .; the mouth' bf ,it is e!ghty,rour fighting among the men: which gave OWl" leagues over. The ,natrGwefi place ' itl lil1 fion to the fa much talk'd of fable of a couo.. its cOlJrfe,,.fr?m Pe;u:;. .b ,l~g a quat;te~ 'of ' a tl'y of Amazolls, invented by fame me~, in ' league, or httle lef$, .In two degr~es (orty imitation bfthole formel'ly talk'd of inAjia" mihutes offouth, latit~de: the depdl,is fo :l chimaera much like that above niention'c!.of great)' that 1Il fome, places we could find no the lake of Pnrima, and the city Mal~OflI bottom '; and from the,mouth of it to Rio for never could this country be found any N~gro! .,oi: the bj~ck river.; being,l1eH fix hl0re than that lake or city: fo that many go hundred Ileagues, ,neve, leIS than . thirty of unattefting (0 manifel1: a fiCl:ion, without Gon- forty fathoni wa ter in the g reateft chanpel, ; fide ring the ab(olute impolEbility of fuch but from thence upwards the depth is un- places being hid to. the fearch of fa many certain, fometihles t}'lenty, fometi mes twelve perfons, as have rang'd all thofe regions in and fcimetimes eigh,t fathom I and up at' the queft of them. i highelt towards Peru, . it has water:er'i'Ut;h Orellana failld tWo hundred leagtjes , far! to carry the large!): , veJ!els, which rnay:wel,1 ther in nine days, and came to a country of go up it t (or tho' the current be rOitJetitnes peaceable Illt/iam, y.'1\0 fupply'd him-with [wift, yet every day, w.ithout faii, thet~ are pr.ovifions, and there he ftaid arid bljijr a eafterly breezes, which laft three dr · four brigantine. He run almoft twO hundred hours, and [ometime:> the ,vho!e day, and leagues farther, without finding any Indian) ch~ck the ftream I 10. that it is not violent. towns; and then was fupplyld with tortoi(es , It , is.full. qf innumerable ifiands of feverai ~nd parrots, paftridges, and feveral [9t;tS.o f, Iizes, and tome of them ftahd'ng .jery clote fifh; there he ftaid thirty-five dayS', and together. . Some of .them are four or , five built another brigantine. That place ,was leagues in compiL[s, others teh, and others call'd Aparia, Proceeding eighty leagues, he twenty; but that the 'I'oupillalllbollJ Inhab it; found no warlike Indian! in that fpace '; but is above a hundred l~agues about: there are wasafterwaTdsforc'd to fighthisway through alfo abundance ef iinail'il1ands, all which fieets of canoes full of arm'd Indians; and to are overfiow'd every .year, . as is much of the land and get provifions by force. The par- large ones. Th~re. is fuch vall: plenty of pOl; ticulars of this relation are too long' for this that if any ene offers it to the natives, their place; and therefore I !hall only ob(erve" common anfwer is, pUI ,it in/o )'our OWII dijh. that after many encounters, they fpy'd fame They,take very much; without any other in- women fighting defperately at the head of Itrument but their harids. The Manati is the men; and not underftanding the natives, the choiceft of all their fi01 ; and found 'frorti fancy'd they talk'd to them of Amazons, and the vety . fource to the mouth 9fthc river. that there was (uch a nation: whereas there Tho' this river lies all along fa near th¢ was nothing but the f.wage fiercenefs oftho(e equinoCl:ial, yet the heat of the fun is not few women to ground the notion upon, as offenfive, nor the eVening-air, notwithftand~ has been obferv'd already, And therefore it ing its being wid and moia, pr~jlidicial: ·will be nGledlefs to infift longer upon a thing, for during our voyage down it, I frequently that has been long fince exploded by . all 'pa(s'd whole nigh ts ih the open air, 1:~ithout men of fenc€' receiving any hurt of colds, or pa!;'IS iIi my Aclinna Leaving · thilt imaginary nation, I will head or limbs; and yet have ,cc:t ':le il1 _can" J ·fth, proceed to the account AC1Inna gives of the fequence of being ' abroad in ' mGdn·!hine Amazons river of, the Amazons, which is as fbllows. nights in other parts. It is true, that ·moll: ri'tl'r~ - This river- . runs from weft to ealt, co'n:tinu- of our .men, who came fi'om cold c0untfiesj ally , on the [0uth fide of the equinotaial, ne· haa agu.e$ at Brit, bue , w\,re Gured by bleed· ver departing ftom it above two, three, four, ing two or three times; . or at !hoft five degrees, in the greatefi of its This [weer · te1nper"tur~ of the air caliCes windings. This author makes it to: rifc' in aU d,e banks of the · river to be cover'd the kingdom of ~ito, in the north of Peril; with · It :thQu[a.nd fevera! forts ot "loveiy but the. j 'efuits living in that king,. t ;', ~68 J'.'l~)]4~ilD\ES~\tI}:lt :nO~: \ Of\·.\~' B~BOr. ~he:,gr~und ' 'i~~o(~~o?l,y:v~rY)ow. ke,ft; all~!la:4 :~e.~uls':dtl~e 'EIIglif!; whoa~~ack'd V"V".I th~ q~~~., but n~es g;r~~u,~lI,y" a~Jr6ynt :(W; rh~~ " ,th_~r~, wl,th '}"qn{j'~erable lofs. 1, i ~he tanl;ewlth h,rde -hiltS" ~djomtng t6!dc!Jlgnf-' Jame!y'e:lr f 666,'tl'le'ftaces of Zealand, 'being fulplairis, ' aIr covc!r'dhHth'fl'owci\-s;';'i'ifd %l prl'v6k!a'a,t rhe'E,i1g'lijb having ,invaded, and' trees 'arndhg thi!hi.j'132y'ofiil themrllreQ¢veJY: (a~e'irf'(!iin tl\em all .the lands they hadbeen '- vales; cloth'd with' ,grafs'and fevehrfbi-ts'of polI'efs'd 'of in America. eXCept the river:B~r­ he'rbs, ' 'pre!erv'd' c~ntinlialj~ 'green, !'by ' t~e biche; "fent thither commodore Cr'eiJ!en with many rivulets ru\\riiRg' through them.; Far~ f61lr meri of war. and three hundred men, :to (her 'on ftill 'ardhiU~,:: 'Hfi'ng ane"ilbQ"e 1100,- :mack 'Sjjrinam, He fail'd 'from Zea/andat ther;, iilI'they .f6'rit'l tJibfr high mountains, the laner' ena of January, arriv'd at Cayenne, which friri acrofsNaP'ts'oziih' Amen~a~ and are iii 'MarCh, 'went. thence for Surinam, fail'd' c~ll'(f£i;-Cordille;'a'or:th~ ridge af'rhre :"f0 that ,at pre[ent begun for the fecu rity of the ifland j &c. they ,have )10 fet11erfieiits on' that ;~oaft, : ~e­ appeared before Maburi poillt in Cayenne, jides Slirinam and Eetbiche; and the Entlijh landed there two hundred men, . before the riQn~\ h~(l illg b'y the treaty 0f ,JJreda" given governour, with his few fQrces gat·her'd in up .a:IJ. (·heir pretdnfi0ns to the, cdhtinent of gre;tt halte, cqllld come ' up til oppofe , th~ Satltb-Amerha [(jl' the Dlileb I and 'particular- defcent; which being fuftained by (even d~ ly" ,(b~uriver ' ; ~ . l! U ..!...( , ~'" ,i •• " . . , rock, . , -.1::.- ---- from Cayenne .t o Martinko. tuck, about a mile OUt from the in and, of we foon drew near the inand ])olllilli(t/, BAJU'OT, whlch more hereafter; we arriv'd before where we coafted along all that day, and ~ it about the evening of the twelfth of Ma~, the following night; beihg there becalm'd, and paid the ufual fa lutes to the fortrels, as it commonly happens to all fhips f.~iling which Ihows as in the abovemention'd print, by, b~caufe of the high hills in it. --" and got alhore, jnft as the tattoo was go- That inand is inhabited onl y by three ing: having thus made our paff.~ge from hundred and fifty to fOilr Hundred Indians, Ca)'elme hither, in feven days, without any men and women, and fome naves run away remarkable accident, The naves aboard, from the neighbouring FrCl/ch colonies: the being about two hundred and fifty, were all Illdians being all tall lufly people. very heartl',having loft only feven of them by At break of day the nineteenth, we were flcknefs, or otherwile, in alI our voyage at go t to the weft ward 'of the northerly point and from the Gold Coajl of Guillea, and of Dominica; and about nine we brought found the inand in much want of them; the fmall inallds LeJ SallteJ, louth of Gua- and therefore to render them more valuable, daloupe, to bear eaft. Afterwards we got 1 refo lv'd to difpofe of part of them at fight of Marigalallte, at north-eaft, about Guadaloupe, being inform'd that the planters five leagues; a low fiat inand, and Frmch long'd there much for our arrival. cblony, and about noon anchor'd in Gua.da- Accordingly the next day having waited loupe road: where, after the ufual compli- on count de Blmac, captain-general and ments paid to the chevalier Hillfeliil, the then commander in chief of all the French Carib· governour of the ifiand, and he having forc'd bee inands, and brought our nlip about the me to accept of his houfe, which fbuds ort Negroes point, and Le Prefcheur, fome days the water-fide of La Baffiten'e; hear the after, when it had been careen'd in the CIII iron-gate, (a battery of fome heavy, laroe de Sac Royal, to the town of SI. Peter of La iron guns, that point at the road, to fecu~e Baffiterre or Martillico; after the ufual thelanding·place;) I had all my naveshrought compliments to the govern our, we begun \he afilore thither, and in a few days difpofed fale of our naves, at abou t feven thoufand qfthem all to the inhabitants and planters, pounds weight of brown fugar, the Indian · for a~out Gx thoufand pounds of brown piece, as they term it there, to be paid at fugar a-piece, one with another, the f~gar fartheft within the month of June following, being there better than at Marlillico. Ha- upon a certain forfeiture agreed on. The ving before fent back the Ayboat to that fale went thus on pretty brilkly, all our· inand again, to help load the fun of Africa, flaves beinO' Gold Coaft Blacks, which are with orders to return to Gtmdaloupe, whithel" much morta cceptable in the French ifiands, he came. to me again the tehth of 'Jllly, and as I have obferved before, in the chapter of Ihip'd there. alI the produCt of the naves, flaves, in the defcription of Guinea. I caus'd either in brown or white fugar, refin'd there about fixty of them to be Ihip'd off for only with earth, and valued one hundred Guadalo1lpe, in a fmall fly-boat, of about for fix hundred of the brown; when I had eighty tuns, which had been difpatch'd from taken leave oLthe governour, with whom I Rocbel, with proviIions for the frigate, the was very ' familiar, 'and who did inc confi- (un of A/rica, I was in, to help load off our derable kindnefs in recovering my effeCts, effeCts, and arrived at Martillico a month in a very fhort time, which is not eafily done before me. there, I failed again with the flyboat for slw" h,,,, Note, That theFrench imitate the Spaniards Martinico, on the twentieth of 'July at mid- ..4 1u,J. -in valuing naves by the denomination of the night. Indian piece, which the Spaniards callPieza de The twenty-firft we were becalm'd all Indias. By which is meant, a Black from day under Domillica, and faw a fail afar ofF fifteen to twenty-five years of age; from at fea, b~ing a fhip boum' for Rochel, as I eight to fifteen, and from twenty.fi~e to underftood afterwards" ,-,~ thirty-five, three pafs for two. Belowe,ght, On the· twenty-feeond', found our felves and from thirty-five to forty-five, two pafs. five leagues to leeward of the point Lc Pre!- for one. Sucking inf.~nts follow their mother~ cbeu~" at Martillico, · in "-Calin all day. At without accompt. All above forty-five night ply'd it with a good 'gale, and fei till years, with the difeafed, are valued by arbl- the twenty-fifth in the ,morning, when we trators. · enter'd, with much difficulty, into the ·Cul . On the feventeenth of May I went aboard de Sac Royal 'of tbat inand, where 'we found the fly boat, the Hope, and proceeded for fourteen or fifteen , [ail of fhips of all forts, Guadaloupe; having much ado to get up our put in t~ winter! and ~m~ng them the fun of anchors, which were faft in the rocky.g round Alma; IOto whlch I order d part oft he fugars of the road of St. Peter. At break of day of N and . cotton 1- had purchafed at Glladaloupe, the eighteenth we' were no farther .than.the " to,be 're~ov~d outofthe flyboat, lyi~gfide point of Le Prefchellr, and continued (0 ,. by !ide :vmh It; ' for the greater COn\(eOl~ney: till ten, when by mea05 of a frefh gale whIch haVIng compleated .the fullladmg of ,~he Voyage from. Mavtil1i~Q to France. BARBOT. the f(jgat~, ' we brought ·her out of that toil to keep up rhe /bip to the end of our ~ harbour, ·in order to fail forthwith to France, . voyage, our two pumps going without in- II:~ving a f~Ctor. behinq, to load the' teft of t~rQ1.iffion day and night; which extremely our effects in the fiybqat, which was to fail fatigued our crew, tho' numerous, and made a fter us. . ., I!, . us all very uneafy. Being in the latitude of theAzores or FlellliJh W/',.; in 'f/oy~ge from M~ R''t~N!CO to FRANCE. illands, or'1'ercefas, we every day faw abun- 'h, fta. ON the firft of Augujl, at break of day, dance of weeds floating on the fea; which . we failed Qut of. the Cui de Sac Royal, fome, who had been on the coaft of New and were becalm'd under the Morne aux Spain, faid, came from the channel of Baha- Bezifs'; which oblig'd me, having fome bufi- ma, being carried thence into the ocean by nefs at fo(tSt. Pierre, to order the longrboat the rapidity of the currents, and fcattel"d to .be, mann' iiland. " number of thofe birds feen there when dii- , The fourth, about 'eight in the morning, t0ver'd. we had fight of the foutherly point 'of .the . At length, by ·God's providence, on the iiland of St. Bar:tholomew., belonging to the fixteenthofSeptember following,wefpy'd land French\ ·diftant eight]e~gues 'weft by north ~ to ,the leeward oPus, being part of the coaft of and . at the fame time\ the .Cabijlerre of St. the lower Poitou in France. At eight a-clock Chrif/opber's, with a frdh north··eaft wind ;- we'fawOlolle,and foonafter the Jight-houfeof fetting O\irtourfe northnorth-weft,a-nd north the iile of Rhee,call'd ltl <1ollrdcsBalieines, my by well:, ,hazy w.eather., and a rough fea. native country. At three in the afternoon : The fifth, the fame weather., courfe north we came to an anchor in Paliffi road, before aAd horth~eaft, . the wind . at eall: .north-eall:, the fort de la Pree, a ll:rong place on the and no .• obfervation. fouth-eaft fide of the faid iile of RIm, which '. The obfervatio.Jil the day followi~g twenty- we faluted with five gUllS, having fpent one degrees forrycfive minutes, the .f un in the forty-fix days in our paffage, from the Gill zenith. de Sac Ro)'al of Martillico to Rochel; and . ,The. Jeventh, in tl~@ l1l0ming, we fpied a eleven months and ten days .in our whole [lil ·to. ,Ie-tiward .three. leagues; fteer'd nOl'th, voyage to Guillea, out .and home, bringing and afterwards ncqh by weft, cofpeak with all our effects with us.. . ., that /bip, wh;p..',,- proved to be an;Englijh pink"; .afterwards .6rc;kr'd the courfe north ';iJlotber 'Voyage fr~lIl GU ! N E A toM AR -' by eall:: , our obfervation this 'day . twenty- T ! N . ! C o. three .G!egrees ,@ighteen minutes.. At four a- AiT my fecond voyage from Guinea to elocK' were .exa6tly ' under the' tropick: of ' . Marlillico directly, in the man of .war Can~r !; ( the next: night ,had louc\ claps of D'Em~rjllon, with a.noop, in 1682, peing thunder, : and. ·grea,c:.ljghtnings ; ': the 'wind by that day's obfervation in fourteen degrees not:th-eaft, and eaft .horth-eaft ; the courfe five . minutes of north latitude, and by eft i- north, . anti north by leaft. For fome 'days mati on in three hundred and ren degrees . very, appnhenfiye . on a hurrican, . that being fortycfix minutes longitllde, the iloop, which the time! of the year fOr'.them, but ,God fa- was a cOl)fiderable way a-head of us, LOwards your'd .us .with, ·a· change. of., tha. w~al:her . ; ,thel evening made a figna! thac ' they .faw and {o . we , conti[iued ,our .voy.age\l; witholllt~' land;' without being pofitive whether.it was any .. rema~kabIe. ~ccjdent,. ,only: durol eaks in': '; Jllfartinico, or S~. Lucia: for which reafoll cre,\fed. very much,. .. fo' that, we had much " we;1ay by all ntght, and by .tlic:' nel't day- ;. . .J ' . ', ' light - I Voyage fyom Martinica t()Cuinea. light found the land was the eall: fide of ,removed·i nto the Jolly; thnt the other might BARBO'!" Martillico, and our fel ves in the Emerilloll; fail immediately for the CIII de Sac R oyal, t(j'~, hearer to the north point of L e Prefcheur, caree!) and refit. , Two days after this, oui' than to the fomherly point of the Diamond ; confort the Pearl arrived from CaYe1llle, ,fo.r and fo refol v'd to fai l north about the point which place I had detached her, in the 10n~ Le Prefcbmr, to the great road of St.Pelcr's gitude of Jeven degrees thirty-five lhinute~j rown, and thence to Cui de Sac Royal to ca- and in fGlur degrees tch minutes routh of the reell. J'he .Ooop finding themfelves in the line, on the fourteenth of May of ihat year. morning farther to the fouthwa rd than we" as we proceeded ' frorb Pril1ce's iOand to A- held on their courfe that way, and failed b,y merica, and hacllold there near a 'hundred the . point of the Diamond ro the raid Cut naves, at two hundred and fifty livres a~. de Sac Royal: piece, one with anbthet, payable one half The next day about eight, as we made in ·bills of exchange . in Paris and Rocbel! the bell: of om way ro St. Peter's road, faw and the rell: in ](OCOII, or Allotto, and fome the iOand Domillica, and being in a Frelh fugars and money; Rocoll to be taken at ·gale, put the head to the land, till about twelve fols a · pound; the finell: ,fugal' at three in the afternoon, when we were be- twenty-feven.livres 'i'Ollrnois a hundred; and calm'd under the point Le Prefcbeur ; ,and the inferiors ,proportionable; as M. deFei'olles, foon after follow'd by a large flyboat, the the then governor, inform'd me by his let- St . John, coming from Rocbel, on board of ter:. withal comphining, in the name of whom were fome of the chief planters wives, the mhabitants, that I had not rent two in- toming from France, who deliver~d ,me fe- Il:ead ,! of one hundred Oaves, whicH they veralletters from my friends at Rochel. We very much wanted in that iOand; and' the ,continued becalm'd all the next night, with company had promifed; but the fending of onLy now and then fome gull:s from the iOand. that.nurllber would .bave too much funk the However; the next morning; after abun" price of them. dance of fatigues and motions; we had fo A Jew days after, I receiv'd informatiori work'd the filips, that about nihe a-clock from ·thegoverno)lC of GuadaloIJP~; and the we reach'd the road aforefaid; .ana\1~d upon to di/jJofe of his ell-ate': ana Antegoa; ' and of wh'ich I 1hall fay mOre ~'tide at Beauce, hear Chartres, ' to madaril hereafter, ' "Scarron, the renowned lady at the Prench ,'The netet'day the intendant confented thac tourt. After which;, the marqlii(s retir'd the brigantine lhould fail forthwith, tho' the hither with his lady;Where he has fet up general's pafs was not yet come doWn, that II fine plantation,. about two orthi"ee ~ Eng" being 'a hafty e"pedition, for the fervice of lijh miles from the town of St. Peter,'tall'd the company; and accordingly about noon, there commonly La Monlag'Je, ahel is his having gOt my trunks and portmanteaus a· 'dwelling-place ; the road to which from that board, with {orne bafkets Qf the feveral fruit9 town, is a large lane l)edged all along, 011 of the ifland, fent me by a lady of my ac- both fides, wi,h curious rows oflarge orange quaihtahce from her plantation ftanding near , and lemon-trees, which makes it one of the this beach, 1 fet fail for the , point Le Pref moll delightful walks that can be imagin'd; cheur, there to take in Come provilions and for the pleafanrnefs of the profpeCt~ ,and the refre1hrrlents. ravifhing fragrant odo~r of the blo/roms of This lhort parr'a ge was very troublefome both frui ts. The trees are all the year full and dangerous at the feafon of hurricans, in 'of bl"Offoms and fruit, whofe pure white, and a forry boat, ill mann'd, worfe rigg'd, and the lively red, to'gether with the largenefs deep laden. About middle way between 'of ' the oranges and lemons, naturally il'lter- Mar/inico arid Dominica , the wtather grew mix'd in a prodigious quantity among' the fo boifterous, and the wind vary'd fo often, frdh lhining 'and ,ever-green leaves 01 the that we had good reafon to fear a hurrican; trees, is extremely cha'rming to beholdl, ef" but providence proteCted us. Under Domi- 'peciaily in the cool of the morning; be(jdes, nica, we lay two whole days in dead calms, the great quanti ty.of frriall birds that f..Jr rm andexceffive fcorching wea ther, without any thel'e: and m0t'e particularly; that fo "ron- fhelter,;in the little veffel, which made us all derful little creature call'd there Colibris, or lick; and made me very uneafy tearing the the htin'lming-bitd, forne of which are no Rainbow, not hailing heard of me by the bigger than a cherry, with variety of, l1hi- lime I had appointed, would have proceeded ning feathers, (and'are ufed by fome for :pen- on her voyage to France. However, the dants and other ornaments,) 'continually fly- fourth day of our paffage, towards night, ing about arid perching on the trees. we arriv'd fafe in the road of Guadaloupe, and The oranges there are of that valilabl~ found the Rainbow there, having aIfo had :t rort, which have a ta!1:e betwixt the China long paffage from Martinico; and the day and Sevil, full of j'uice, ' and commonly 'ex" ' before, loft two of her anchors in that road, rrabrdihary large a!1d refre1hing. Someti\n~s for which reafon lhe could not filii: but three not only toe trees are loaded with them, but days after my arrival, provided other anchors the road is all ftrew'd with {uch as fall of and necefI'aries for the voyage. themfelves when over-ripe; which I' par- I fpent that time in regulating the affairs of ticulariy obferv'd, having frequentoccafion the company, with htr agehts there; and 'co wair'on the marquifs at his plantation: in viliting my friends and acquaintance about going thither, my horfe trampled ·' many of the iOand, as madam dll Lion, the former rhcln tinder his f~et. This fort of orange in gQvernbUr, the chevalier Hinfelin's widow, b -ance is call'd Bigarrade. ' , ' ' the ptefeht govcrnout; and eithcr perfons of Being ready to fail fot ' Guadalollpe,.I Went note, with whOI'll I had much difcourfe con- 'about a ' league from the town, where the cerning the good of that colony, and the af- veffe llay 'ready, expeCting a pafs fr9m 'the fairs of the' company" efpccially in relation count de Blenac general of the iflarids,' to to ' th'e trade of Oaves ; all of them defiring imbark- there in ' thl' brigantine, and was de- I fhould move the board at Paris, to order tain'd there all;P.ltday, by a fort of 'driz- that ifland for the future, to be more con- ling rain, attendtid with horrid claps of ftantly fupply'd with them from Guinea; and thunder, and great lightning, which lhade not to fend thither the refufe of the flaves of us very apprehenlive of an hurricah, that be- Marlillico, as had been: praCti~'d to their great ing th ~l ni'o!1: common feafon for them '~ ' and prejudice, by the company's agents and com- "Occalion'd the fquadron undei' Mr. de Ga- manders;' but thattheir lhips ihould alterna- barret, before lhentlori'd, to weigh and fan rively rnake direCtly for their iOand from the away into the open' fea"with great precipi- coaft of Guillea. Theyalfo deli red I lhould btion; foh1e of the men-of-war, and oUr Sun pray ' the board to employ in their .affairs of .liJi·ica having'alre'ady teceiv'd damage in' there; men' of a good repute and vers'd in their .riggin~ by the , li~ht~ilig. 'T~e "Iaft trade, with many ot);}er particulars. ' ,It\entlon'd lhlp had het malO top-maft all ' On the twenty-fecond of July; about eleven 'lhatter'd by it, 'every man frill having frelh in' 'the morning, I went aboard the,Railibow, in his memory ,the hurrican of the year be· thinking' to fail; but it blew defperately hard ' fo~e, which made 'Tuch gteat havock ' at , all that day, fo that we could not get up our anchon, lJreadful ThU11der,a hd Lightnint,. :l.nchors, 'the next morning, the weather be- diftinCl:I~ faw, about four or five paces from BARBOT, ing pretty favo urable, we got under fail, .and me, as It were a ball of fire, about as big ~ proceeded on our voyage for Havre de Gra(e as a man's filt; whioh burftinto many In Fran(e, paffing in light of Montfcrral, R e- fparks, much in the ' n,ature of Iky-rockets, donda, Nevis, St. Cbrijlopber's, and Ante- when they are at ' th ~i F I higheft elevation. goa, . an.d arrived there fafe on the nineteenth giving furh a monftrou~ report, that I know Gf September following; nothing very re- not how to exprefs it ; but it ftunn'd me as markable having occurr'd in all our paff.'ge, if a great number of large cannon had been befides what I a m now to relate, as being exaCl:ly fir'd the fame moment. This made fomewhat lingular in it felf, and very ter" me fall down backwards On a trunk that rible to behold. ftood within the cabbin·door ; and in that On the twenty-eighth ofJlIly, fi x days after poi1:ure I continu'd fome minutes quite be" our departure from Glladaloupe, the wind at lide my felf; nor were thofe who fiood in fouth-wen:, we crofs'd the tropick of Canur, the,fteeridge lefs frighted and amaz'd. That by our en:imation, fieering north-eaft by whIch redoubled ollr confternatioh, was the north. The twenty-ninth we were becal m'd hideous Chrieking and crying we heard at the all day, and fo the thirtieth; by obferva- fame time from all parts of the fhip, • both tion this day, twenty-five degrees twenty above and under deck, "s well from the men, minutes north latitude; we took a nlark, the as feveral forts of creatures we had aboard: weather thick and rainy. , , as llieep, hogs, turkeys, hensl ducks, mon- On the thirty-firft we faw a fail U"i1:erh, at keys"goats, dogs, parrots, and geefe, fome break of day, ftanding fouth-eafi, thick wea- of which we afterwards found dead, their, ther and exceffive hot, with great f1afhes of heads, feet or tails carry'd away; the unpa- , lightning; being then by eftimation about rallcll'd thunder continuing all the time, and eighty-four leagues Couth byean: of the fmall tbe RaChes of lightning inceff'antly flying inands of BermudaJ. Towards evening the about the Chip, as being the only body that heat abated a little till near eleven at night, was any th ing rais 'd above the ocean; and when it increas'd almoft intolerably, and was li~htning generally reputed to attack the very calm. We hal'd up our fails at two in hlghefl: places. The waves, tho' in motion, the morning, being apprehenfive by the dif' did not break or rife very hig h, by reafon the pofition of the weather of fome dreadful air had been fo long 'ftill; and the fllip hav- fiorm, or other fatal accident; and we had ing no fails out, or wind to keep her fteddy fcarce done it, before on a fudden all the )H!' roll'd about fo violently, that the men could mifphere appear'd in a flame, with frightful not ftahd without holding by fomethlng. horrid thunder all about the Chip, attended Being in this dreadful condition, ort a with a violent heavy rain like a flood, anCI a fudden we were all ih a thick fulphureous tempeftuous wind, which made us hope that frnoak, riling from under the decks, wh ich the ftorm would foon blow over: but inftead made us all conclude the nlip had taken D".Jjul of it, the flaChes of lightning and claps of fire, or chat the lightning had pierc'd thro' IITm. thunder increas'd and grew fo prodigiouS, to the very bottom; fo that we had no other that the two elements of air and water feem'd profpeCl: than being immed iately devour'd to be converted into fire, with fuch it dead by the flames, or fwallow'd tIp by the mer- calm and fuffocating fulphureous ltench; th"t cilefs fea: and the more, for that not only we could fcarce brea the; which gave us all rhe hold Was fiow'd quite full offugar-cafl'S .:aufe to apprehend fome difmal event. A- and barrels of indigo, bur eirerl between bout three in the morning a RaCh of light- decks, there was Ii trle fiirring for bales of ning fell with a dreadful noife on the fore- corron,; fo that it was impoffible to come cafl:le, going in at one of the doors, and paf- at any leak to ltop , it, 1'1 this perplexity ling through the head, withourdoing any a man', was order'd to try t~pumps, to fee other harm, befides nightly , wounding a what water the ' lhip made: and others to little black boy, who lay there in the elbow, fearch i ll parts for fire, The few minutes and fome poultry, which cry'd after'a hideous they were about it, ftem'd all. age to us all , manner; and finlck a mighty conlternation our fate , depending on their report; but it among us all: it alfo fplinter'd a timber in pleas'd the infini te goodnefs of God, that the fore-cafl:le. About half an hour after, Dhey found no tokens offire below, nor any the weather not only conrinu'd, but the vio- increafe 'of water, by the pUrhps : which re- lence feem'd to increafe ; and then a fecond port much chetr'd our drooping fpirits, fiaCh of.lightning fell upon our main-maft; and made us conclude, it might be a true with fo prodigious anoire, that the mofl: un' opi~ion, dl,at lightning never l~en~t~ates into daunted I.,ilors were feiz'd with horror, and liqUid bodies; and tlut the filnkmg fmoak fome utterly ftupify'd and void of fenfe: which encompafs'd us; was produc'd by the ' When this happened, I wasjuft fieppirig .out violent agitation of the idr, and the eXtra! of the great cabbin into the fteeridge :; and ordinary ,preff'urc accalion'd by thul1der .and IlghtriJng. J; · Drca.4[u/ ThtIJJder ·and ,L ighfning. BARBOT. lightning, -efpecially between the tropicks, either torn or fcorch'd and burnt; anci .~ an~ nea~ , them; the caufes and dfeCts · of moft· of the rigging was in the fame con- whkh, are beyond our ·comprehenfion. , dition. The lightning having cut the fpin- This made us change our lIli[erere mui Deus dIe, as has been faid, funk through the top- into laudate Dominu1ll omnes gentes, for fo ga \lam and top-maft, fhi vering them as if great ~ deliverance in fuch difmal circum- they had been hew'd in fplinrers with tools; ftances; and put us.in mind of the words of then fhattering all the tops and the main- the pfalmift, Plalm xxix. 3. and lxxvii. yard, and linking down through the whole 18, 19, , The voice of .the Lord is upon the body of the main-malI, till it came between 'Waters; the God of glory thundereth ; the decks, where it burlI a barn;1 of indigo thac Lord·is upon many waters. And again, The lay at the foot of the maft, fcattering all 'Voice of thy thunder was in the heaven ;"the the indigo far about, tho' ·the place was full lightning lighted the·world, the earth trembled of bags of cotroll ; whence riling again thro' and )hook. Thy way is in the [ea, 'and thy the fcuule in .the fteeridge, it broke our near paths in the great waters; and thy footfleps the t~reat cabbin-door, and burft with that are not known. Thefe lofty expr.effions of · dreadful noire, and in the manner before the pf<\!m.i!t, in fome rpeafure fp~ak ;the na~ mention'd. ; ture of that tempeft, which no tongue or Another f~rpriling effeCt of this ftorm, It -!f,EI, pen can .defcribe, as it appear'd to us, for was, that It dl(.1bled all the compaifes which ,he co",- fome hours, without intermiffion. I fhall were in ufe, fome of them deviating feven, pop. ·oniy .add, that during that fpace .of time the and others twenty-three degrees; only the lighvning feem'd to run in that ferpentine fi- aZimuth compafs bemg then difmounted gure, as poets and . painters reprefent fJove's and hid in irs box under a bed, receiv'd no thunderbolts; and fo en!irely fiU'd the he· hurt: whiGh was well for u~, we having no mifpper\!; that we could not but conclude load-fl:one aboard the fhip, to touch the 0- the tillie of the general conflagration, ' rnen- 'thers again and render them ufeful, and tion'd jn the fcripture, was then come. Some- being forc'd to make I'ife of that one all .the times the whole horizon appear'd more light reft of our voyage. 'than it does in the brighteft fun-fhine day at . . About feven in the morning ·the wind noon, and immediately we were left amidft c.eared, and a.fmall rain follow'd it ; and in the obfctirity ofthedarkeft night; light and a fhoft time the weather grew difinal dark, ' Darkllefs. often fticceeding one anothilr., as if and the fea rifing more and more, the thun- they had ftruggled which fhould pr~vail 'up. del' was renew'd, attended with great flafhes, on che ,ocean, which very much affeCted onr and the wind fhifting fuddenly from fouth- eyes, occalioning much weaknefs in ~hem. eaft to weft, and weft north-welt, and thence Afrer .a conliderable time fpent in return- again to fouth-ealI, gave jult caufe to ap- ing thanks to our great deliverer, the day · prehend we were to expect a hurrican; whicn appear'd, its light by degrees difp~lling ·the put us all into a great confternation ·and noife of the thunder and the flafhes ofllighu- dread, conlidering the difmal condition' our ning; when foll<;>w'd fuch a heavy fuower fhip was in. Having relign'd our felvesro of large and warm rain, as quite laid .l)lat o~ the will of providence, and fervently begg'd ther ftorm, with this farther advantage, its affiltance in the worft of extremities, we that it much refrefh'd us, cooling the c10fe fet all hands to work to pur the verr;~ l into fu ffocating air, which Was com pleated by the beft polture to refift rhe ftorm if it fhould n gentle wind riling gently :wirh th~ rain, come; to 'this effeCt our top-malts wert.. aI'ld ca'rrying off tba~ , infupportable ff1lphu- .ftruck, and the yards brought down to ·the reous !l:ench, which had before almoll1 fuffo· gunnels of the {hip . .. cared 'us. , I In that condition we waited four hours Strangeef- As ,· the da,Y.;ight increas'd, fo that We with great anxiety, what rhe event would fdlof. could fee things about_us, it was very ' fur- be; after which; . b(·degrees, we began to Ilghtnmg. prizing. to behold the fhatter'd cOhdition of conceive ' hopes of good wearher again, by our ma!1;s, fails and rigging; and our decks thefighc ofa little ! bright cloud riling". at ftr~~'d with the fplinters .of our mafts and fouth-eaft, which broughr on a gentle wind, yards~ . but efpecially the main " maft, on abated the furges of the ocean already very which the fecond flafh of lightning, . before high up, ,imd at length cleared the air into fpoken of, had fallen, and pafs'd · 'a:lmoft a calm_ fl9 n) , pne end to the other: for it lighteq This lafted not long; for juft after dinnet Qn ;~hdronfpindle . ofthe fane, .which! 10 cut thewirtd began a·new co blow frefh at north. a[uIider.,as if it had been ,;done by , hahd.; weft ·; and as it ftill increas'd, fhifted .ena and ,W.e found it fticking deep in the: plank:j fudden ·to th'e north, and then again to ·the of .t ile: deck Ion ,an end, and ftill hurning hot north-eaft; Ibringing on ; anoth~r ftorm of to die feeling, tho' it was five hours fince jit thunde·r,and 'lightning; with a 'heavy raih, 'had .been done. ' Moft of the fails npt .being for two hours, which feem'd tlVO years to furl'd, 'but only drawn up in the brails, were · every man aboard, looking upon it as a cer- tain , 4~ ·Atc~un,t, t!;MutfiCt1111. , t'r\lr,forenil'l!1,er ,ot a hurrical'l, Howev.erj ga,IIinH .ilirouds r6:thJ deck, tlte flays, bra- IlARR(tr. ltp'leafed God, to ,aV(lrt it at laft, ferithei} ces, &1:. foil of 'ligh\s in lanthorhs. Ther\ce V'V""IrJ tP~: ~ipd fhifted tQ th.e ea!1;, ~he, oceRa greW! I i w;edt ;by land 'to ])Iejpe, and' afterwards 'mop; ,~i-ll, ' th\:. : weather clear'd' uP" . ~h~ to Rauen, to vifi~ ' mY' friends; limp frorti \;)/1J\ldqr. ~eafed, ;a;nd the flalhes va,niila'd "''' R auen to Pal"iJ) ,w'herG l gave, tit %¥ tl#~ "","y, ; till . thq ~ir, became eerene and, fetded. months ft~y there, ' a' fult a(;c~tlh'~'tbrthe 'di- ~r~Y'er& being ended, our peopl~ grew, rectors ,of the African, company,' of their ~eart}:', and, [ell,w ' ~epai~ the tl.mage in!out' aff.!!rsi.'ln· G~ineaan?:'i,~ 4,meJ'ica/ ~nc\ " ~1 JiIlafts, fitils and rigging, as ,veil as ,it could advIce wnat waS moft aC\vamage9~~ for the ip,e .done in our , c.ircumft~nces' ; ' ,but it was good 'of the company. \", ,J ,. (9: ~ery; great, tha;t it ,could not be penform'd , The late honouiable Robert Bpyle;"w!io iJ) , a !hart time: our main maft, partioular- during the latter ' years o'f his life I\'onour'd ly, wa., fo {hatler'd, that it could, not ' be tne with 'his acollaintance, ' was pl'eafed to mad~ ferviceable; ' v;ithout filhing , it; , for tead 'my 'French\ 1m a'llu{c'ripts, relatina to which, by good fontme, we were iDrovided G!.~cjil'lary i?rif]g l\qIWt their /hips" a~ well as the Spa- iJlirj.uhtQ, il< ,(11);13;, I1[Fl~~iilH}\ jf. fI.1,u.~ , ):laUit)[~ l qP,.th~ th~ir" ~ift,~,;, ,a,wi! ar:noog others, this has r.ni;ze,n.; rflJ)cj , tl1~~ th~JQrt;-,(ail v~~r§; ,~n,e ~ip pr.QM'Il'x~r,y: !ltf~Cj:11{\l.il\ eJ(trernjtie$, i: e. to pteftnH)l ;,w:hi.c1Unu!.\j Qe,therea,Jpljl!wl)y ~bey fend fome men a little way up th~ fQre~ do it, For Whe!l' tJ1e ,~il!~ GO!I\~$, "IQ(lg,(!11 i~j .:lm!1, fana . waS the place called Peril at [he time 'of writing the Ho- whence they carried aU thofe valtiablecom- ly ,Text, as it-is, now; Jor neitlier , is the .. !llodities ~o J~rufa!em, and they called all name ofP eru fo ancient, nor fo univerfal the new difcovery, the new world '; be- to all that country; it being a gener~l caufe containing as much land as was be- praCtice among difcoverers to give 'flameS , fote known, there was no better way of to pores and lands ,as oc~afion offered; and , expreffing its vall: extent, as alfo becaufe accordingly they calleCl 'all tnat 'kingdom the proclutt 1lf rc differ'd from ours, tho' Pent, from a river, ,the Spaniaroas firft put the elements were the fame, and in this in,t01 'Or : frpl~ ' a t'acique il'l \JmreJ)a.~ts~ as a;ppe~lation tliey 'followed Seneca, and St. win be obferved hereafter; aad the .hkenefs Jerome. of w\>tds ' i ~ .;t o'o ' tr.i vial a fou,n da,tio. ri ,to: ' ~ . " ( . , ... . I CH A P. II. :Of thd'Mot/ves' ,that indu~edjJdmiral Col~mbus 'tiJbelieve there were Countries . unknown. .'! , ) ' T HE ~dmiral ChrijlQpher Columbus had (atis'faction.he tObk notice of all the tokens many rel[ons ro per[uade him, that mariners oh{erved, which made for his there were new 'lands to be di[covered ; for purpofe, till he became very pofitive, that being ag re~t; cti[mographer, and well frill- there 'Wer~ mil'nJ bnds to the weftward of Land. to ed in ' navigltiOl'l" he, cOrifi,cdered, ' that, 'the the ifiands of Cabo Verde, and the Canaries, be found heavens being f:ircuolar, arid moving round and that it was :praCticable to fail over the weftward. the e.vrih, ' whic~ ' jn conjun'Cl:ion wirh the ocean, and difco'\'er them, becaufe'the world rea m~kes ~ glore of two elements,; what bein,g round, all the parts of it mull: 'of ne- was then knovyn,eould 'not be' ill the (;larth, ceffiwbe fo to; that the earth is fo 'fixed but a great part'muft be ftill undifciovered, it can never fail, and that the fea tho' !hut according to the meafure of 360 degrees the in by it, prefe'rves irs roundnefs, without whole cir<:umferen~e ' containsl which being falling away, with regard to the center of reduced , into leagues, allo'wing f~venreen gravitation. and a palf to a d~gree, rn~ke fix thoufand Laying together many natural reafons, All five three hundred leagues ; and that muft cer- and ,perceiving, that not above the third Zones tainly be 'inhabited ; for GOD had not ,part or rhe greacefi: circle of the fphere was habitable. made it to Jie wafte; an4 ~ho' very many difcovc;red, being 'the extent eaftward, from queftioned, whether .there was land, and the inlnas of Cabo Verde, to the farthell: water about both the poles, y'et it was re- then known land in India, he concluded quifite, that the' (lar\h fhould bear the fame th~re muft be much room for farther dif- pnlpoFtion towar.ds the Antartick pole, as coveries to 'the well:ward till they came to this part does to the 'Arttick; and hence he meet with thofe lands the end whereof was concluded tharill the five zoneS were inha- not yet known by failing eall:ward. In this hred, and was the more confirmed in it, opinion he was much confirmed by Martill ,after he had failed into 75' degrees' of north de Bohemia, a Portugueje, his friend, born latitude. ' , ' in the ifiand of Fayal, and an able co[mo- He alfo concluded, that as the Portu.- rgrapher. gltejes failed to the fouthward, the fame might M any more things concurred to encourage be done to the weftward, where 'in an reafoh 'Colu'!Jous to that mighty enterprize, among there muft be l and found; and for the more which was, that difcourfing with thofe who u[ed CHAP. 2. America' 'bY the,E uropeans; ufed to. fail to the weftward; and particular'- what aba~etwa hundred leagucs w~fi from H~'~~R:\ Iy the inands Azores, Martill Vicente amired the Canams and 'Azores; and that the PorL him, that being once four hundred and fifty tliguefes bclieved to. be the in and af' tbe: fe; leagues to the we.ftward of cape St: Yillcent; ven cities, the rame Whereof, and deHre of he took up a piece of wood, artificially finding it has accafio.ned many to commit wrought, and as was fuppofed, not with great follies o.ut of covetaufnefs, and fpend iron; whence, the wind having' been rna" much maney to. no. purpafe; The ftary ny days at weft, he inferred that piece of go.ts, that this inand o.f the feven cities was wood muft come from fome inand. Peter peo.p1ed by them, at the time when Spai~ Correa, who had married Colt/mbus's wife's w.as averrun by the Mors; irr, the reign ' o.f fifter, a!Tured him, that in the inand of kmg Roderick, when flying the perfecutiorl Puerlo Santo, he had feeil another piece of of thofe infidels, feven bifhops imbark'd wood, brought by the fame winds, and with a' great number of people, and ar, wrought after that manner; as alfo canes rived in that inand, where everyone of of fueh a thicknefs; that every joint would them built a town, and left tbe people contain above a gallon of liquor. Coillm- lhould entertain any thougbts of return- blls himfelf faid, he had heard the king of ing, tbey fet fire to tbeir fhips. That in Portugal affirm the fame, in difcourfe upon the days of .prince Henry of 'Portugal, a: fuch affairs, and that he had thofe canes, lhip of that country was ~riven by a fiorm which he ordered to be lhewed him; and upon that illand" ,where the natives carried he concluded to nave been drove by the the failors to tbe church; to fee ;whether wind, there being none fuch throughout they were Chriftians; and 'obferved ' the all Europe, wherein he was confirmed by Roman i ceremonies, and finding them to Ptolemy, who in the firft book, and feven- be fo, defired they would fta y till their, teenth chapter of .his cofmography, fays, lord could come, out that the Portuguefes there are fuch canes in India . Some inha- fearing left they fhould burn their lhips and bitants of the inanels Azores farther a!Tured detain them,. returned ,well·pleafed. into him, that when the wind blew hard at weft, Portugal, hoping . to be canfiderably re~ and north-weft, the fea threw up pinec warded by the prince, . who. reproved them trees on the coaft of the inands of Gra- for caming away with fa imperfect a rela-, ~iifa and Fayal, whereas thofe inands pro- tion, and ardered that they. fhaulcl ,return, duce none of that fort. The fea alfo call: which ' the mafter and failors durft hOt do.; up two dead bodies on the inand Flores, but departing the kingdom, were never whofe faceS feerned to be very broad, and more heard of, ,: ' .,' , their features different from the Chriftians. They add tfiat the faiiors belonging to. this Another time they faw two canoes, with Portuguefe lhip, ,gathered fame fand for moveables in them, which might be drove their caak ' roam,' ,and a great part of it away by the force of the wind, in paffing proved to be gold; whereupon fome ad- from one inand to another, and thofe boats venturers fet out from Portugal to difcover never finking, they at length came to the· this coufltry, among whom ane was James Azores. Antony Leme, who had married 'a de nene, whofe pilot James Yelazquez, in- wife in the inand of Madera, declared, habi.tant of"the town of Palos, alfured Co- that having run a confiderable way to the lumbus at the monaftery of St, Mary of weftward in his caravel, he fancied he had Arabida,. that they loft themfelves at the feen three inands near the place where he inand of Fayal, and failed 150 leagues to was; and many inhabitants of Gomera; the fouth weft, and at their return difcovered Hierro, and the Azores affirmed, they eve- the inand Flores, follawing many birds they ry year faw fome ifiands to the weftward. faw flying that way, which they knew were Thefe, ColumbllS faid, might be thofe Pli- not water fowl. N CJ(!t, he raid, they failed ny fpeaks of in his natural hiftory, where fo far to the north-weft, that Cape Clare, he fays, the fea to. the northward did cut in Ireland, bore eaft from them, where off from the land fome pieces of woods, they found the weft winds blew hard, and w hofe roots being extraordinary large. the fea was very fmooth, which they be- they drove on the water like floats, and lieved was occafioned by thc nearnefs of looked like ifiands at a diftance. fome land, covering it from thc violence In the year 1'484, an ·inhabitant of the of the wind; and that they dura not pro- inand Madera a!ked leave of the king of fecute that voyage; becaufe it was in Au- Portllgal to difcover a country he f wore gufl, and they feared the approach of win- he faw every year, and always in the fame ·ter: This happeneq 40 years befor,e ColuTl" manner, agreeable to what the people of blls difcoveted the·Wefl-Indies. the Azores faid; and for this reafon in the Another failor at part St. Mary declared, ancient fea charts, fome inands were laid that ih a voyage to ireland, he faw that down about thofe feas, particularly ' that ,country, which they imagincd to be 'I"artary, they called Amilia, which was placed fome- inclining to the we(1:-ward, and has lince VOL. V. . 7 M appeared lin ..... appear,ed .to lbe 'tha1l'they cal)eQ!Bacalla'os; ~f; " and pbfi~iy'oly IiiaitltaiMd it was! im1 '~being £,>art of! Canada-,1' Gutoould not' make ,pJ>ffib.hno· f;til . a(\r!)f~ thl!. . torrid: zone. . " II if by f,'eafonLof. the fiormy wirld~. PPffr. ~-jtP' ; be ' Gh>fel'Y~d,1 ' that . tho! , il\ all i¥1-r~$ 'de ' nlafco , of. Galicia, deolar«d ,that in .. a ,lV.ha~foeve:t 'B)1ell's heads , ar-e .upright to~ voyage to Irelana" , hcd1:ood ~fo far , to the w.ardS' hea;ve/1,( aud' their f~eu towatds· , tbe northward, 'that J Ire . faw land, to the weft- ~~nter o! ,the . el!'~un, ,-yet- i~ r6gard EO-'Jh~ ward of that iOand" Finant DiQz' l aPor~ whele .GlrcumfeAfelfl€e ,.0Llhl! world,: they tugueft pilot ,and inhabitant ofi ltr1'l'llira,.J"1(j /bind 'like :thd fpCi>ktis inl a, wheel, pojJ):J:ing turning from Guinea, ! Jaid , that; abou~ ~hl! t:v~ty way, Lifld. alii ·ill} dlcir flatu'ral p0'i;llh~ height of tho ;,iOa:nd Madera\ . he thought U'ptlghf',,_,beGil/fe the, heaven Is,every woo·t« he faw :anl ifYand, ' :which ,appeated .to" bd upperriloft, I and the! earth; the . proper ,tent teal land, < and difcovered ' the fecret [n.the ,Waft·Indies; yetthey :aro advice was ferlt to' Francis de Cazan~, , the not two ,Glilmcft , landsj , ,but one and ,the tnerchant's , brother, tor him to rig la tbir. fame" only. ill· pare , fepatat~dby the fea. a·t Sroil,·. 'atldput it ' under ,the, command ancl. i ,in; Iamf! !.places cut into. iUands. .As of'-Vjnce/lt Diaz, but1thache rdjeCled~ it; for,t he Anlipddes!the p€d~le of Lima, C1/~co. and the pilotnreturning ;to1 the illand <['cr- (lnd Arequipa are' 'fo to thofe at the niolith (era, with ' ~he affiftance of Luke de Ga'ZtZl1Q ofJ the rivet, Indus, in CaUcut, and eeiloni ntned out 'a ·,ihipi and , going ,out twO' du and thofe . of: the Molt/eto; or Spke iOands three times " above . an , hundred 1e~gtles, t.ol them iof..1 Guin,ain Afriok. All tM et- [GUild nothing. : To e~efe may be iJ-dded rors .bf" th~ 'ancierits as , well concerning the a cterri pts made ; by GoJPar; )a ild Mic'hael the ./J1/tipo~es, , as' the torrid zone, were de- tIe Gorier-ca!, .fons . ed ;t he! \lomtnande~ . thail feated' by the voyage performed by the.1h i p difcov'ered.thdiOand <.I"enertZ'- who wene loib tall'd -the-driEory; . which firft failed quitd in fearch l'afteMhat land. ;.., AILwhi€h pat~ rOU'nd thewdrld,under the command ofc ap- . ~iculars , were"fufficienc to- eiJ(;:outag~ 00. tahi 'JohTfSolJl%jJiawd41 Cano,a native of Gul., lumbus t6 · unQe!nake I fuch an enferprize j larili, in tHeptavificeofGllipuzcoa; touching f{)1" wherl,Pro'tidenv:e: , lias' decreed a ; thing at bptH. AriJipodes, and paffing th~ tropickS fuould be:donl!;ifdifpofes·the means~ and alld. equinodtial, whicfi demon/hated this pr0vides the proper ,iMl:rlnnep.is..... '1 , .. ,! matier to the world, I and immortalized tha Having faid enough concerning: the nameS of €ilptain Fnvii1iandde Magaillamsi grounds Cqlumb~s h~d lto~beli~v'e tnere ~ere oras W6 call.h im Magellan, for attempting, other lan'ds .tou(:hfcovdrj · It Will ,ndt be .m'll. and /the aforelaid captail! 'John Sebajlial1 del proper toC add ..a . work. cOlTcerning. the .An~ C:a~d forp'QifeCl.ing fo .incredible a; work. lipodes, which'the ancients 'would not allo~ :.1 ,L .. .' i . / "\ 1: I , : " ' . I:'j 'i~'" I.' tH 'A r m. 'Ii: 'I' Of the d'u rrid ZOne, and the Wejter.n Hqf1lifphere. i ) rr'n~'! :),;: " '\ . , .. .' :. . . , T HE 'ancients beHeved 'tho torrid zone tit ttlbliciulty df the fun beams; but on th~ not habltabld; ' betllufe of the direct pofitioh-of the place,. anci them are all thoft: vertical reflection ofl tht ,furi,; yet expe- varieti«s Within the tQrrid zone; G:ontrary Hehte' teaohes us thilti: the various pofi J to the dpinio'n of Arljlo/le and Firgil. ' tiM of placeS J alterl>' th~ir tlifpofitioA '- cd . , A great part of the ilew difGoveted land, heat or told; drollght' or riloifture, more lies uIidet the torrid :tone, which is ~xtra~ than the .nearnefs and di{l;ance of that 'pial ()Td~nary damp,. aild "bounding ~Il waters I net, Thus We fee the ' vlol~tjce of wmGls for It rams-andfhows there, efpeculily whert o-athers ftrimgth in hollow vales, illl'd' dif. th~ fun is ,molt difecft ovet it, whim the! rol~es ifl 'open plains. , The heat of the rains are gtilat, aNd be-gin- at nMn. No ftln gl thets, ' ahg intends itfdf in tlie ca- part df the world has greater riv~FS than vities, and , cbtl·fined parts of the earth I South America: from the ifthinus df Pantl- and dilates itfelf iIi the flats; and fO'the '1IIa to tha fheight,- of Magellan, where are hliat and ' colder the ai( anti earth vafies thoCe . of Sall/a-Marja, or the Magdaltn, m~~h actording to the , height, or lowfle(~ Oronoqlle, .orellana, or the Amazom, the of the fituation, its being' to the claft ·br rivet of Plate, and ethers. In North Aml- weft, and either . neilf elo. ' or fat f~om the merlatl are the rivtrs of Alvartido, Grijalva; fea;I' iakes," rHrers, wQods'" laild Windy: or Gtitlltrliiil-a, Melrico; &c. Ethiopia alfo has caiin ~outitalliS' ; fo . ~hat. ,the degrees' bfgl'cat tivtrs-, and lakes; and fuch th~te arll h~a!, · or cbld; dtynefs, ( Or moifture do: o&t ih the illilnds of Ceylon, and Sumatra; ahd depend6n'til.e ne-li'fnefsJ dlllanC6j ; direlbk[s, th~re is muoh more faa· than land uIider tht '; 11. \ tbtrid CHAP. 3· cot-rid ZOne. The rains iMnafe as the fUIII where the val'0tm .of uhe iOands,~nd HE~""' dr-aws near the equinoctial,. anar decline a9 continent r~dch~ there ane, nftan manidead VV"'V he goes off towards the . trQl.picks; anllt ~a'lms, . boch witl\iJlr and ,~ith~ut the borrid thus there are very temperate countries zont!'; and [0" hurrican~ . aI'ld! fpouts\ ,ar.d under the torrid zone, and fome rather more frequent near the land; as far as it's cold than hot; as for inll:ance P afto Collao,- exhalations reach, than in the broad ocean; and Potofl, where there are mountaIns co/1) but'rhls within tbe torrid zone, for with- tinuh [now. The 'length . out it there are both, c",lms and hurricanes of the night is the caure hereof, the days; out: at (ea. \ , and nights being always equal near the As to the difference between the two line, amI the more we rcn1()ve from it, [g hemi[pheres, the Jiirft which' we live in much the more the [ummer, days l ength~n; Icems to bear the pre£el'cnce beyond the and the nights Ihorten. This ihonne[s o·f other, becaufe ours· is fuller of ftars, which the day obftruttsthe fl1n's ,. intending his are thick clof~ 'about the atCtick pole! heat [li> much 1Ander , the~qllinoCtial, [0 whereas the.te are very. few wi·thin 30 dcg, that we' find the fummer i~ hotter in th .. of the antarctick, within which difhnce fduth part of Spain, and' Italy, than at is the c0ck's foot, being the lowell: of the !f.tjitlJ, and, Col/ao in Peru. ., , fouT that compofe the crozier. Our con- . Another ti:!afQn wily there are hottcq tinent extends more to caft arod weft, and . a~d colder patts of the tor.id zone is bee is more proper to b~ inhabited than the caufe of Ghe very high mouljtaif}s in the other wj;,ich ftretches out too much to- Weft·indies which. cool the air: for high wards the pol~, and is too narrow from places are nllOre [ubjdl: w ' c'old ' than thli eall to well:, f0r that which lies [0 from low, which.: i~ OW!GoFl€d .. by the doudsj eaft to weft is more temperate, and the and the lakes, an'd ri17~rs flowing from them, other neat uhe p0le is. fubj e6l: to excelnve which being formed by niclted [now, a(td told, and over long nights. The Mediter- runn ing impetuoufiy refre/h the air in, the ranean is alfo a great cO!lveniency lying plains; beftlles,. ca.mClsj ocean, and a c01d [outh wind in Peru, and or elephants; nor orange, lemmon, pom- Brajil, riling after no<;)O, 'as the breezes granate, fig, olive or q\l.jnce-trees,. melons, do at the windward ifiands. On al1 opeil vines, wheat, or rice, nor had they ironi feas the winds are more regular l but by gUllS, printing or learning; and navigation Jand they vary according to the mountains" did not extend out of light of land ; theit rivers, la.kes, woods, or other circum- government was barbarous; their moun. ftances; but in the torrid ione the wincls tains and woods not habitable; ' nor that from the fea are generally pleafant, arid part which was inhabited fa populous as healthy, and thofefrom the land thick and ours. In [orne of their woods the natives unwholfome-; and even this varies accord- lived like brutes, as the ChichimecQs, of ing to the difference of the ' coafts, yet N ew Spain, who had no head, no laws, generally the land breezes blow from mid" no fcttled place of abode, but lived. dif- night, till the fun begins to be high, and perfed, feeding on . the produCt of the ) thofe off the fea, from his mounting till earth, as others d!d In Flohda, and P ara.- aft~r he tets, guay. When the Spal1iards entered Peru, The molt experienced failors affirm, that Cuzco was the onlY' 'place that bor~ the tliey never meet with calms abroad in the form of a city, and it is certain that wide oGear1, but can always advance more thOfe who live in cities are more polite. or le/s, by tea[on the air is impelled by :lr(J civilized than fuch as dwell difper[ed the 1110tiOn of the heaven, enough to carry_ in woods, like wild beafts, the fhip right ahead; fo that during the I cannot but take hotke; that a di[creet whole voyage· from the city of Samiti, jiidian being alked, what was the beft the in Peru, to the Philippillc iOands, which Indians received from the Spallial'ds, he they ~eckon above 2000 leagues, aIr-along anfwered I the Spanijh hens eggs where- I near tthe equinoctial, or not at above 12 of there is greatr plenty, and they are to degrct\s dill:ance, a Ol ip in February and be had new laid every day, they are good Marc~, when the fun is vertical, never for yotlng and old, either raw or dreJfed; met With any calm, but had always a fre/h for the hen herfelf mull: be either boil'd or gale, and confequently performed that roall:ed j and does not always prove tender; voyage ' in two months. Near the coaits whereas the egg is good every way. H e :llldcd (jhJerva}io~s r an~ Difcoveries Of H .. kERA added horfes and light: becaufe .a horfe to burn 'oil, . and this ferved to live part \/Y""'V carriq a man at his eafe, and his burdens;, of the night, and this he thought the molt and J'ightj becaufe the Indians never knew, valuable thing. hO\.j;: to make wax, or tallow candles, .- or :·1 'f , " '.·1 I , ,J C HAP: IV. Bow America 'Was firft peopled, )a nd .lwhy the name oj Well:-Indies wai ; given to it. OJ , " t MUCH enquiry has been, to know,! might pafs over that way, no great !hip;' whence the inhabitants of the other having been ever feen in the ,Wejl-Indies hemifphere paffed over thither, which they' before Columbus. The Americans are more muft certainly do' from . ours, and yet the like the 'eafiern nations, than the Europtans, Indiam of Peru did pot fail thither defign" and ·therefore it is moft likely that none cdly, , for the apcients were no able navi-. of the latter came among them before the gators," nor 'had· they any ufe of the comJ Spaniards. To imagine that America !hould pafs; ' without which · there is no failing be peopled by perfons drove thither by over the main ocean. That was firft dif~ ftrefs of weather is very unlikely; nor is covered by Flaviu;, or John Gioia, a native any account to be made of what the In- of the coaft of Amalji, in the kingdom dians fay, touching their antiquities; for of · Naples. The inhabitants of the vale they know nothing worth regarding, as lIIdi~n of Xanza, in Peru, fay, they have it having lived long without kings, or any opmlonsof frorn their anceftors that they defcend fi regular government; but wandered about theIr orl- ginal. r om a man an da w'om an, who came out like ! the people of Florida. They were of the fpring of Guaribalia. Thofe of the all certainly wild, and under no dominion, vale Andabayla, teHus they proceeded from only chufing commanders to lead them the lake of Socdococa; . thofe of Cuzc-o from to war, fome of whom proving more po~ that of 'Titicaca. Others fay, that after Iirick, and ftronger, began to fubdue the a deluge; mankind 'was reftored ; by fi~ reft, and by degrees laid the foundation perfons that came out of a ' cave. But of the kingdoms of Peru, llnd Mexico. laying afide all 'thefe follies, fince all the which tho' fiill barbarous, yet were pre- rac@ of-man defcends from Adam and Eve! ferable to all the other Indians; whence it it is plain they muft come from us; bu t feems to be mofi likely, that the Wejl-In- we are fo little acquainted with the ex- dies were peopled by degrees from the con- trerriities of , the earth, that nothing can tinent, extending themfelves in procefs of be pofitively -afferted. ' ' time farther and farther. , SOQ1e fay, that to the northward .Groen- The motive Columbus had for giving land is' the fame continent with Ejlotiland, the name of -Indies to thofe new found or the moll: northern regions of America ; countries, was, that he might thereby the and if fo, it is likely, that theAjiaticks and more excite thofe princes he had to do Norwegians firetching out their habitations, with, and renderhis project of more weight, by degrees fpread rhemfelves into thofe as propofing to find gold, filver, pearls, new countries; which feems to be in fome and other forts of drugs than our hemi- manner verified by the fame cufioms which fpere affords, and therefore he concluded are , common, to the JaponeJes, northern thefe his difcoveries might vie with the Americans, and Norwegians; for they all Eaft-Indies, and this gave reputation to his live in, forell:s, and caves, al'ld hollow-trees, undertaking. Befides his defign being to covering themfelves with the [kins of fi Ihes difcover the eaft by the way of the weft, ancl wild beafts; feeping on filh, and fuch and the Eajl-lndies lying in the remoteft fruit as the earth ,naturally produces, and part of the eaft, 'as that he fought in the they dijfer very little in complexion. Nor farthefi weft, it might as well be callec\ is tpere any thing known how :far the land India as the other; and then Peru being ruils out to the fouthward, tho' feveral difcovered after New Spain, the name was imperfect difcoveries have been made that made plural, calling them Indiu, becaufe way, and confequen, rly, wheth~r people divided into thofe two great parts. !' \ I , ;!! CHAP. CHAP. 5· Americabj.'tke E~rop.eahs. C H ,A p. 'if: :' " ,,' '( , ; - , ,,' (' '\ ', ) Columbus propofls his Defigll to tbeking ,alld§iJ.j'een 'OJ Spain,. alld djter '(!Ial1) Rep/lifts is admitted by the 9!.JeeI1, ) , ,,: ' " T HES E I"dies are the countri~~com- ' I 'j' I I t r • ' ~ fa:,ouqbJe.. heating, 'being then takGn I!P\r. ... RA prehended within the limi,ts a 'gnecl w,lth ,the, dlfGo'very of rhe C6aft of: A[rick, I/Y'"'.J to the crown of Caflile, and Leo I , con- ~long the ocean,d!d not think fin to engage fifting of one hemifphete, or half of the In fo man y enterpnzes at otlce I' bu t however , globe, being 180 degrees, commencing at referred the matter to "the confldetation of a meridian at 39, or 40 degrees from that doctor Calzadilla , known by the name', pf, of the city of Toledo, and proceeding weil- Don James :G I'ta" billiop, of Cmta, who ward; fo that allowing 17 leagues and a was a'SpaniarJi, born -at,Calzadilla, in the half to a degree, this allotment contains mailerlhip of Santiago; , and, to 'mailer Ro- 3700 Spal1ijh leagues in breadth' eail and derick, and mailer Joftph"Jtwijh phyficians. C,lumbus weft. To c()me to Chriflophett Columbus, whom he entrufted in- matters relating to who he whom the Spaniards, adapting ,the word ~ifcoveries, 'and ,'cofmogtaphy,; anq tho' was. to their language, call Colon, he was borl! they declared, they , thought it , a wild no-, in the city of Genoa, in which particu lar, tion, yet having heard C~lumbus, the rea- and that his father's name was ,Dominick; J":orys he aHedged, and the courfe he intend " all that write of him agree, and; he owns ed to ft;eer, ,~hey advifed , che king to, fe(ld , Und~l- , it himfelf. As to his original, fome bring a caravel. gjving put it , was bound for !und deale it ' from Placentia, others from Cucureo, a Cabo v'erde,:; to,diJi::over ,the truth of that 109 ,of town on the fea coaft, near that city, and imag ination, ,,;(ccordipg to thellcol,rTe laid' that bng. others from the lords of the caille of Cu- down, This veffel having'tun manY, leagues caro, in that part of Italy, formerly called at fea, and been beaten in ilorms, it cetum- Liguria, now the dukedom of Montferrat, ed without finding any, thing, and ridicu- fo near the city of Alexandria de la P agla ling Columbus's notion, who W\lS not ,igno- that they hear the bells of it . .. It appears rant of this practice: , ; that the emperor Olho the 2d, in the year , This, very much offend~d C~lum.bl£s, and C,/~m~us 940, confirmed to the brother earls Peter, gave hIm fuch ,an averfipn 'for PQrtugal, iD Spain, John, and Alexander Colunibus,' the eftates that his WIfe be_In& ,dead j', he refo\~ed to his br,o- feodal and real, they poffeffed in the li- go away into Spain, an.d leil he Ihpuld be ther 'i berties of the cities of Aqui, Savona, Ajii, ferved, there as he- had been if! Portugal" Engl. . , ,Montftrrat, Tflrin, Vercelti, Parma, Cre- fent hiS brother Bartholomew Columqus, at mona, and Bergamo, with' all the reft they the fame time ,into Englcl11d, :where Henr1 held in Italy. By other records it appears the 7th then ' ; reigned , He fpent ' much that the Columbi of Cucaro, Cucureo, ilOd time on the , way, "being ,taken by , pi- Placenlia, were the fame, and that the afore- rates, and ftayed there to learn the methods faid emperor, in the fame year 940 granted of that court, and how , to ' felicite. ,D. unto the faid brothers Peter, JOhl', and Chriflopher Columbune fol ving to propofe hi~ Alexander Columbus the cames of Cucaro, defign to kingFerdinand, and queen ,Ifobel, Cowzano, Rojignano, and others, and the or Elizabeth' of Spain, departed I Portugal 4th part of Biflagno, which belonged to privately, in the year 1484, for /1nd(Zluziaj the empire, and this demonilrates the an- know ing that the king of Portugal, being tiquity of the family. fenfible that what he had faid was well Goe, into He came into Spain, and particularly grounded, and that thofe who wen~)n the Pm.gal, to Portugal, very young, as other men do, caravelj13d not done their duty was enclined to feek his fortune, where he married to confult about that enterprize: H e land- Donna Philippa Moniz de Perejirelo, by ed at Palos de Moguer, whence he went whom he had D. James Columbus, and af- away to eh" court, which w~s then at Cor- terwards by Donna Beatrix Henriquez, of dova, leaving his fOil in the monailery of the city of Cordova, Don Ferdinand, a gen- Rabida, ,half a league from, Palos, under i tleman excellently qualified, and learned. the care of F. John Perez de Marchena, I Being thoroughly convinced of what he the gua~dian , of that houfe, who was a " had been fo long revolving in his mind, piece of a cofmographer; and learned in that there were new lands to difoover, he humanity . , , I I refolved to publilh it; but knowing tha~ He propofed the bufinefs at Cordova, fuch an undertaking was only fit for fome and found molt_encouragement from Alollfa ~O?!o a' fovereign prince, or fiate, he 'propofed it de Q.uintanilla, comptroller of Caflile, a ni;;:t:~_ to that of Genoa, where it was 10Qked upon difcreet man, inclined to great underuak- ter rai ns as a chimera; and then to,king John the ings, and who finding him a man of worth him. 2d of Portugal, w ho tho~ he gave him a gave him his table, without which he coul :. . <'! /umbuJ forbearing fully to explaiR. ',himfelf,' . '·Having .received.· this anfwer;,.Co/umbll~ Cq/tlmJtI' for fear of being. ferved ,as ' he' had ll~eR ,/rl. w~nt a.wa y -vel'y.pifconfolate.. to 'Sevil, -ilfr6f trle, other Portugal, th~ refule: was· not'. ~nfwerable ·to fpending>~ve: ~ars .at cour.t,'to no.purp~fe, great men. his expectation; for. I fome fald; ·thaclinc6 Hb.hadJhls' proJOCl: p>ropofed to the duk6 of in ' fo many ages ' as were. dapfed l.frorrt -tAe .Medina Sidonia,. and foml! [.1Y to ., him" of creation of the world, all' men ' who thad M~dilla, (j'eii; ; and ItheY',;llfo" .rejeCl:ing him~ .. \,. been perfectly J~illed . in fea' affairs" never' he 'writ .to. the -king of. Prance, ,.intending .',.' <. .. knew any thing o.f " th~fe · lands -Coiumb#i to",go:,o'(of ,inrC>England.(o feek .his-. bra." ." .w perfuaded them' thSY '/hbuld find ';· it ·was ther, .frofQ whom he had "heard nothing.a not to be imagined that he /hould ~e wifer 10ng,rime, fOil hi~ fon ''jamu, iiltendil'lg to leave .bini ,}ll ., fhort a time 'to reach th~ farthetl,. . eafterq.t at Cordo~~,. . -and.-havingdifcovered his de- Extrav.· parts, whither Columbus faid he:· intended lign to F, ·'fohn· Ptrerr.. de.Marchena, .GoD g~ntopi. to. fail; and to confirm their 'opinion,' they. who 'ha'd '~referved .. this ;dLfcQvery for" the ~I~r:ft quote~ Seneca, ' wAo tells 115, th~.~ ~ wi(e: crewn,· of: Cajfile -and ,Leon. '" [0. orderj:d, &Itlmbllf. men did not agree whether ·the o.c~ari was· that F.·' ]obn.P.erez;:'·percel.vmg.CoUtmbIiJ, not infinite" ~nd que~ioned whether~t:W~S' w.ho ha~i lived. fo··long'i!,lSpain, as,to think " '. poffible co .. fall ·o.ver It; and, fuppofing It hlmfdf mia .. rnanner' natlJrahzed,< went·lun\. , to .be navigable; whether there ·w'!s -any; lII'illiligly ,·td' ·treat ·· with 'Other prinC6s,.prc;- ·. land inhabited beYDnd 'it,' and 'there :was vaiJed ,with·:'him" to put<>ff- hisjourney; ";.anypoffibility of going to it. · They.far,; and fer.thel'-better, \lnd~rft'llnding .of.what "'the~ 'urged,:, that no p~rt of., this ,gl~be 'r fail direB:ly weftward, it would be; imp9f- si. Fai-th,:· lpef0n:! .. Grallad~ '. and .to leave lible for him ever to return into .Spain, ·by the requeft of p, John Perez, and'Alonfo ,is liltle ablYVefive hUII'dred alld Iweilly 'Pound! de !?r majdl:ies being then poifelfed of the 'city pleafed at · thei~ · requeft· to; undertake that I I ,, '\ of Granada. That fame day· Lewis 'de which lhe had before- ·refufed, i upon the Sanlangel told the qHeen, he much admired advice of tnany ' others l {and'Lewis de Sanl- that her majefty, who had always a great angel offered ,to lend "the fum requihd , of genius fOF extraordinary undertakings, his own money. Tlhis being reColved, · the 1hould fail when fo little was hazarded, anti queen ordered an' a.lg/fazil, ·.' Ot meffenger 'to fo much might be gained; for 'lhoulti ,go poft after Columbus)a nd·bring him sack'; that enterprife be embraced by artother · who oveuwok him two ·leagm'es .from'/Gra- prince, as Columblls affirmed it 'would, - if nada, at tne ' bridge, of.: iPinoI., and though Spain rejeCted it, :!he might eaJjly refleCt · much ' concerned to . ha1i:e' been f0 1lnuch how great a detriment it would', be' to her ,Oighted, he .tetutl'ledHofihe-\ city. of ,Santa cro'l'n ; and fince Coillmbus appeared,to be H, where he was welJ'"te€elved~1 aita. the a man of worth, and defired no tewa\d fecretary ' John Go{om'J. was drdered .to,,,pre- but for what he lhould find; .. vtnt)lring pare the cdncri Ct and a~fttl1Ctjons '~ a'f.cer. part of the charge and his own perfon, tht · he had fpent eight1iyears lin foll~citing to thing ought not to be thought impraCti. have .his projeCt·, undertaken, witl\ much cable, as the cofrnographers pretend~d, vexation and. uh~afinefs_ 1 ~ ,' (. ' (l' '. .:,1,- CHAP. VI. : 1~1 j~, ,c-generaj pf a].] the iOahds, or vcrnr ge- ons grant- ning. they at length agreed on the follow- : comin~iltS" whidl, as has. been- fa.id; 'he nera . ~~~~/~'- ing "'rticles, which were figned the '~7'h of iqaJl dlfcover, or co.llguer, 'In the .fald [eas ; . April 1492. ," .\' ~ and that. he lhall normnate three perfons fo r ,. Admi- Imprimis, their highneffes, as tovereiglls the governqJent of each of them, whereof ,,1 of 'he of the ocean, do from this time con!l:jtu.te their,hj.gI\'iI.efres ,lhall chu(e 'one. " .c, ': fea!. Don Chrijlopher Columbus their admi,al ' 3· Thaqheir ·· highnelfes-gtant·to.the fdid 3.To h. .. throughout all th!?fe iOands, or ~ontinent., '. Columb!ls the tithe of alL,commodities what- 'he ,i,he that, by his means lhall be diCcovereq ~lJd foev.er, ,; :.vhether" pqr,ls. . ,. preclOus I {tones, of all conquered in the faid ocean, for the. term .of gold, filver, [pice,. or ,any 0lher, bought, goods. his life, and after his death to his ' heirs and bartued,. found, . taken', .. or. otherwlfe had .... ;\ fucceffors for ever, with all the :'~m~flities within' the"limits "of the faid admiralty, ' and prerogatives belonging to the faid o~Ge, . the charges being i!firftl deduCted ;'" f6 tha~ , , 1 in the fame manper as they have~ b~n"ep- ',he take oto hlmfelf the fald tithe of the' net joyed by their admiral Don Alonfo Enriqlle:r;, :procluCt, to enJoy, and' dlCpoCe of. at his and his predeceffors, within their: liberti~s. pleafllre" of. That I 600 ObJervation's"arid Diftoveries of HUUH 4.-Tliat 'in cafe imy controver1ies' /hall riling,. and gtH over tbe bar of SaIto, fo V'";Y0" 'V ariFeln account of.th~ commodities he fJ:all the river of Palos is called, directing their 4· try brIO frani the fald IOands, or , countries, courre for the Canary iOands, all the men cau,e,. fo \''o"n quere d , or d'I( ic overe d as a fio re f:a l' d , or having alC ter the example a f Co Iu mbus con- an! account of, thofe here taken 'of other feffed their lins, and: received the bleffed rrr~rchants in exchange for thofe, in the , [.crament. On the 4th of Auguf! the rud" c?lace where the faid trade {hall be'fettled; del' ohhe caravel Pinta, where Martin A. if it /hall of right belong to the admiral to lonfo Pinzon commanded, broke loofe, and try fuch callfes, he /hall be allowed to do it was fufpected to have happened, by the it himfelf, or by his deputy, as was allowed contrlvilOce' md more , weeds to the (orvod. threw out the lead with two hundred fathom northward, . which , was fome encourage~ of line, and tho' they found nO Qottom, it ment, fuppofing th~y'muft come frPl1! fOllJe appeared that the current did ft;t fouth weft. land not remote. Yet thefe very weeds trOll- Thurfday the 20th , about ten In the morn~ bled them, becaufe fometimes there were ing they faw two guls more, near the.admi- fuch thick fpots of them, that th~y hinder'd --, ral, and fome time after tock a black bird, the way of the {hips, and lh~ref0.re they with a white fpot on his head, and the feet kept from them, as much as they could .. like a duek; and they killed a fmaJ.l filli, . The next day they taw a whale; arid on and faw abundance of weeds, which the fhips the 2Zd of Seplember fomebirds; and dur- VOL. V. 7 0 . ' ing;. 602 ObJer:v.atipw.f'dnw\ DiJc{)veries . of HIIlJiERA ing thofe thrd days they met with ·· foutH that they r·~tu rned thanks to GOD; and the ~ weft winds, which tho' contrary, the ad- admiral pretended to oekl'e it, till nighr, miral faid wete good, becaufe · the fhips direCting his courfe rhat way a great .part Havl;'g failed ail that while before the wind, of it, · to pleafe his crew. the .leh believed it would be impoffible to The next morning they all perceived et .rn home. Yet fot all he could alledge chofe were douds, which often look like ~th . men grew mutinous, and began to land, and then with general diffatisfaCl:ion .lght hilT!, and tail at the king for fending flood weftward again, continuing fo to do them upM 'fueh a voyage; whilit Cqlumbus as long as the wind favoured, and obferv- fometlmef.fed them 'with hopes, and other ing the figns, faw a gull, J wOlter-wOlgtail, whiles thteatned them with the punifhment and other birds I and on thurfday mornincr, they. mllft expeCt from his majell:y. I Bllt another gull flying from the weft to tl~e ott the 23,(, the wind came up at' weft eaftward, they alfo faw many of the fi!bes north weft, with a tough ·'fea, as they all called gilt-heads, fome of which they wifhed, and at·I'line in the morning a turtlC! ftruck with harping irons; another water- dove Il.~w over' the admiral, and in the after- wagtail paffed by very near the fhips, and noon a gull, ·:and other white birds, and they obferved, that the currents did not they follrid. gnifhoppers among tl\~ we~ds. run fo {hong in a body as befort., but The n~l1d:lay Came anothet gull, Rnd tur- turned back with the tides, and there were tle doves from the weftward" 'as alfl) [oint fewer we~ds. Friday following they faw fmall fifhes, which they killed with harp- many dorados, or gilt-heads, and on fa- irig irbt1~;" be6aufe they would not bite at turelay a water-wagtail, being a fea fowl the bait. ' that never refts, but purfues the gulls, Murmur- All thefe tokens proving vain, the men's till for fcar they mute, which the other ing,. f~ar incre~!ed, .who began openly to mutter, catches In the air, and lives on; and of that the admIral had proJeGted to ltlake thefe nhere are great numbers about the hirnfelfgr&t, at the expence of their lives; iflands of Cabo Verde. Soo~ after "bun- a·t\d lince 'they had done their duty, ventu- dance of guJis app~ared, as alfo numbers of ring out farth'l'!r than any men had ever flying IUhes. In the afternoon they found done before them, they ought not to feek many weeds ftretching out in length from their own dell:ruCl:ion; by failing ori to no north to fauth, as alfo three gulls, and a purpofe, till their provi!io~s were /'pent ' ; wat~r-wagtail purfuing rhem; the men which though never fo'fpatlrigly n~anaged, conftantly :believing the weeds were a fign would riot ferve · them bat:k agam; nor that there was land near, bur under water, would the · {hips hold out; being already ilnd thatchey fhould perifh. On funday four crazy; fo thatno man equId blame them, water, wagtails came near the admiral, and and the ,admiral having met with fo much they coming together, it was believed that oppolition, they would be the fooner be- the land was not far off; and Illany weeds lieved. There wanted not fome, who {aid, '. appeared lying in length from well: north That to avoid all controverfy .. it were the · weIl: -to eaft fourh eaft; belides many of befl: waY-privately to throw him oV1!rboard, , thofe IHhGS they call emperors, whi~h have and give out he had droptllcoidentally, ashe a hard !kin, and are not good to eat. Tho' was gazing on the ftars, and this would be the admiral took notice of all thefe figns the furell: method to fave them.felves, fince below, yet he omitted not to obferve thofe no ·examination would be made. Thus the in the heavens. He perceived, that at I'l1eh daily inclined more and more to rilU- 'night-fall the needles varied two full points, tiny, which'·much perplexed Columbus, Who and in the mornin~ they were exaCt with fornetimes 'with good words, and then again the north ftar, whIch much perplexed the with mena~s curbed their infolency; often pilots, till lIe told them, that was oeca- intulcating' the tokens they met with, to lioned by the north-frar's rounding the affure theiP they !bouM fObn find Ii won- pole, which fomewhat fatisfied him, lor derful rich: country, where 1111 their toils this variati0R made them apprehend {orne would be overpaid. Thus they continued danger, being fo far from land. fo 'full of care ·and trouble, that e'Very Monday the firftof Ot7ober, at break of hour looked to 'them like a year, till on day a gull, and ,thofe there they fay are tuefday the 25'h 'of september, Vincent Tan- Eke bitt-ems, came aboard the nez P 'i/lzontalking to Columbus, tried out, and 'others before noon, and 'the weeds then laJYd, lali'<;\. Sir I 'dernilhdmy reward fur fet from 'eaf!: to weft, many fearing that this neWs, ' and 'then pointing to the 'Col1th l'hey fllllOJid come to fome place, wher-e weft, fh~wed a bulk t,hM looked like an the land was fo dofe ·to the fa,id weeds, thar lnand; aMu't twenty n'V'e leagues from the ~hey mu{t ruck aground, and be loll:. Thar fhips, whiCh tlIo' afterwards bHieved IX> be fame morning the pilor told Columbus, that a contrivance 'c(m'tert~d between them cwo, ,they .wete fi:vthundred ,eighty eight leagues yet at that timewas'fo plea'ling 'to themel'l, we-it frem 'the llland df E'rrro; the adml- 4 rotl CHAP. 7. ral anfwered, he reckoned but five hundred fhould pretend to fee land, if it we re not II.""",,. eighty four; but in reality his reckoning , verified in three cla),5, OlOuld be (or ever VY'0 was feven hundred and feven. The pilot excluded from that benefit, tho' hc' afte r- of t.he .caravel Nill11a, on. wednefday fol- wards really di{cm;ercd it. H owever"r hcy lOWIng In the afternoon fald, by his com- In the caravel Nimltl" whlch was fo rcn\;o!l, putation they had run fix hundred and being thc beft ['~ilor, concluding f(J(- C:- I-- fifty leagues, and he of the Pinta fix hun- taIn that the), had (een land, fired thl ;r dred and thirty, which was a miftake for guns, and , hoiHed out their colours, but, Thisfeem, they always failed right before the w'ind. ~he farther they ·advanced, the more' their to. be a. However, Coillmbus f.~id nothing, left the JO), declined, ,till it quite vanin'Cd. In this :h~~~~_n men beIng fo far from land fhould difmay. di(con(olatc condition it plear~d' GOD aga in. ber Qf On the fecond of Ottober they kIlled a tun- to comfort them with the fi ght of grea t le'gues, ny fifh, and faw many other forts, as alfo flIghts of bIrds, and amongft them fome being fQ a white bird and many grey ones, and the belonging to the land, whi,ch made to the. :~~;th,n weeds looked withe~ed, and aln:oft reduced fouth-weit; whereupon Columbus concluded C'/Ilmbu! to.powder. No bIrds appeaClog on the he could not beIar from land, and there- bad failed. thIrd, they feared they had left fome fore altered his cour(e from weft to fouth- iOand on either fide, fuppofing all the weft, aliedging,' that the difference \Vas birds they . had (een palfed over from one. not great, and that the P ortllguefes had iOand to another, and the men being of difcovered moll; of their inands by fuch · . opinion to turn off to either hand, Colum- flights of birds, ani:! that thofe he [.~w bus did not think fit to lofe the oppor- took the fame way he had always defigned tunity of the wind, which carried him due for difcovering of the land, for t hey well weft, that being what he defired, and be- knew he always told them he did not ex- . caufe it would leJfen his reputation, fhould peet to meet with it, till- he had. fail ed he fail up and do\~n to feek for that he feven hundred and fifty; leagues to the'weft- always faid he was alfured of. This made ward of the Cnnaries, where he had 1.,id , the men mutiny aga in, and no wonder, he fhould find the iOand Hij)Jallioia , wh ich confidering fo many were led by one, of he then called Cipo flga, and muH certai li ly whom they had but little knowledge, and hav~ been upon it, but that k nowing it run into fuch a vaft ocean, where for fo lay north and fouth in length .. he had nOt many days they had feen nothing but the before turned to the fouthwaid , for fear fry and water, without knowing what of being foul of ie, yet he believed 'it lay would be the end of it. But it pleafed among other inands to. the ' left , the way GOD to provide frelli figns, wherewith thofe birds flew, they being fo numetous they were fomewhat pacified; for on the becaufe the land was [0 near; for on mon" foureh of Ottober, after noon, they faw day the eighth about n dot en of fmall above forty fparrows and two gulls, which birds of fevera!' colours came to the fhip, came fo clofe to the i11ips, that a failor and after hovering a while about it, flew killed one of them with a ftone, and ma- away, many 'others making to the fouth- ny flying filbes fell into the fhips, with weft. Thai fame evening many large eirds which, and the admiral's fair words, they appeared" and flocks of [mall ones, com- were appeared. ing from the northward, and they faw ma- The next day a gull, a water-wagtail, ny tunny fifhes r and the neXt morning a and many fparrows appeared near the ihip . gull, ducks, and fmall birds II ying the fame to the weftward. On funday the feventh, way the others had gone ; be fides the air there was fome fign of land to the weftward, was more frefh and fragrant, as it is at Se- and none durft fay fo, tho' they all willi'd vii about April. But now the men were for it, in hopes of gaining an annuity of fo eager to fee land, that , they regarded IOOOO maravedies, which their catholick no figns, tho' on wednefday the tenth ma- maJei'.;ies had promifed to him that firft ny birds wete feen boch by day and night; raw land; and left they fhould upon every yet neither- .the admiral's. encourager:nent,- fancy cry, land, out of covetuoufnefs of nor upbraidIng them WIth pufillantmltY the reward, it was ordered, that whofoever .could quell thofe people. , , ~ (' T C HAP. " ·O bJer~ations and Dijc.o'1Jeries ~f ._1 • • C HAP.". VIII. Admira( C~lumbus JijcO'lJer; · ;hel;ia~ds 0/ ~~~Salvador, The Concepcio~, Fe~­ fandma, Ifab:~l~,; ~'!" others r ' ~he DeJc~tp~ton 0[ them, and of the N ~tl'lJes~ ' : HnukA 1'T pleafed GOD that ~hen Columbus w~s Je!hes declared cC;> ' b~long to the admiral, ~'(.1 no longer able to wfthftand the mutl- and was always paid him out of the revenue rious temper, and difcontents oLhis men, of the lhambles at Sevil; becaM" he faw the on thilrfday the I1'• .of OCiobrr 1-4-92; in light, in the midft of darknels, me3!1ing the afternoon, he received fame . comfort, the fpiritual light they were bringing a- from the manifeft tokens there appeared of mong thofe barbarous people; G)o D fa the nearnefs of the land; for thofe aboard: ordering. that as foon as the war with the his own fhips faw by .her fide ,a green ruih, Moots was ended,·. after feven ~un~red twen- and· then a large.green , fifh :of that fort ty years fince their firft commg mto Spain:, which is ,ufually near rocks. ' They in the this work fhouldbe begun, that fo the kings caravel Pinta f.'1W a cane and a ftaff, and of Cajlile, and Leon, might be continually took up another artificially :carved, and a employed in bringing .of in~dels to the bit of board, and many ,weeds freill tom knowledge of the cathohck faith. ' off from the fhore. ,Thofe·'of the caravel ,When the day appeared, they perceived FirR land Ninna faw ether fuch like tokens, and a it was ·an iOand·, fifteen leagues in length,·difcover'd thorn tree branch with the berries ~n it; plain, much wooded, with good water,' a ,. which feem'd [0 be frefh broke off, ' a,U de- frefh lake in the middle, and fullofpeople, . monftrations of their being near huid, · as who 'ftood full · of admiration on the fhore, was the fand they brought , up witr the believ~ng the fuips to be , fome monfirous lead, ill founding; ' bdides the unfieadinefs creatures, and impatient to be better inform- qf the wind then blowing was thought to ed, as the Spaniards were to go afhore. The be occalioned by the land. Columbus con- admiral· went off in his boat well mann'd, eluding thac he was Icertainly near ,it, a~ and the royal fiandard ho:fied, as did the foon as it Was night, after evening pFayer, captains Mar/in Alo/Jjo Pinzon, and VIncent he made .a fpeech"to · his men, lignifying Tannilz Pinzon with the peculiar colours of the infihite goodne[s of GOD .to them, in- the· enterprize, being a green crofs with conducting them fafe through, fo long a' fome crowns, and the names of their catho- voyage, and lince the tokens hourly ap- lick majefties. When they had all kifs'd peared more certain, he ·defired they ,would the ground, and · returned thanks to ·AI- watch all the night, lince they knew" that mighty GOD, on their knees, for , that his the firft article of the inftr.uai~ns he 'gave mercy to t~em, the admiral fiood u~, and The ifland them, when they left Spam, directed that called,that IOand. San Salvador, that IS, St. called St_ after failing feven hundred leagues2 , with- Saviour, but by the inhabitants . it was SafliQur. out finding land, they fhould , make no way named Guallahani, being one of thofe af- from midnight till day, but fiand upon terwards in general· calltd Lucayos, nine their guard, for he was moft confident they hundred fifty leaguesfrom theCanaryifiands, fhol)ld make the land that night, and that and difcovered after thirty three days fail. belides the ten thoufand maravedies annui- Columbus took polfeffion of it, with the ty' their majefties had promifed to the firft ufual formalities, for the crown of Cajlile _ th<\t faw it, he would give · him a velvet and Leon; il) the prefence of the ' notary d9ubieL . , About ten , at night, Columbus Roderick de Efcovedo, vaft numbers of the fittipg on ; the , poop faw a light, and pri- natives looking on . . The Spaniards then vatdy called .. Pe/en Gutierrez, one of the owned him as admiral, and viceroy, · tak- ' king's grooms pf the ,privy chamber, ·and ingan oath to obey him, as reprefenting bidj1im look ·at ·ir, .'and he faid, ,he faw it. the:king's perfo n in thafe parts, wi,;i 'all Then they called Roderick Sanchez of, Sego- the pleafure, and fatisfaction as may be via; i~fp~tl:or of the fieet,who could not imagined for fuch fuccefs, all of ~hem beg- difcel'il ir, but it was,a.fterwards feen ,twice, ging pardon for .the trouble they had put' and looked like a candle that was lifted up, him to through their irrefolution and pu- and put down, fo that Columbus made no lillanimity. The admiral perceiving thofe doubt of its being a true light, or that he Indians were a limple peaceable people, was near land, as it proved; being people who fiood in admiration gazing on the going from one houfe to ,anorher. About Chrifiians, wondring at their beards, COIl1- two in the morning, the caravel· Pinla, plexion, and doaths, gave them fome red which was always foremoft, made a lignal caps, glafs beads, and filch baubles, whicll of land, which was firfl: defcried by Rode- they highly valued, the SpaRiards being /'ick de 'J'riitntl, a fail or , and but two leagues no lefs furprized to behold thofe people, difl:ant, However the reward of ten thou- their pofture, and behaviour. fand maravedies annuity, was by their ma- 4 The CHAP. 8. The admiral tetumed aboard his fhips thay arlfw~red, fr6th the foltthwartl, where H .. dkA followed by the IlIdJa1is, fome of th~m there was a king, \'/lio had abundance of ~ fwimming, and others in their boats, 'call- it, making figns 'ivith their hands. The ecieanoes, made of one entire piece of tim- admiral tlndcrftandibg there were other ber, like troughs, or tray's, they 'carried countries, tefolv~d to go feck them) The with them bottoms of cotton; parrots, and fhips werc never deal' of [l/diaJls, w)io as javelins, pointed with fi!h bot1es, and fCiime fdon as they could lay hold of aLlY th:ng, other things to barter for gl~fs toys, haWks tho' it were but a bit of il Dioken cartli~n bells, and fuch trifles, which they were di01, went away well plcafed, aNd (want fo well pleafed with, as to put a high value afhore; offering whatfoever they had for upon pieces of broke'p earthen glazed pla'tes any trifle they gave them. Thus the day and porringers. Men and women were ,vas fpent in trading, and they all went all ftark\naked, like people in their primi- away, their generofity in giving being oc- tive in'nocence; the greater humber being cafioned by the value they had for what was under thirty years of age, though there returned, lookirlg upon the Spaniards as men were alfo fome old. They wore their hair come from heaven, an'd tFfcrefo're defiring down to their ears; and fome few to their fomethingto keep in retndnbrance of them. necks, ty'd with a ftring to the head, in the On the I4.th 'of OEtuber, in the morning, nature of trelfes. Their features and coun- the adlniral took a view of all the coaft tenances were good, tho' their eXtraordinary' towards the notth-Weft:, ,in the boats, 'The broad foreheads . ,vere fome deformity. n~tives followed by land; offering pro - They were of a middle ftature, well !hap- vlfions, aria calling others to fee thofe hea- ed, their fkins of an 01ive colour; like the venly men; liftihg up their hands in ad- natives of the Canary iOands; fome 'wete miration, ahd bthel's in canoes , and fome painted white, others black, ahd others fwimming, by figns aOi , warth under two pence; by ders falhian, aQd thefe cavered with leaves which it ~ppeared he came from the iOand .of trees, handfamely laid an againft wind of San Salvador, had paJfed by ..t he Conrep~ and rain, with . vents far the fmaak, and· lion, ard':was gaing to the iOand which the handfame ridges, .or .ornaments at the tap. admiral naw called l:rnandina., . in hanaur Within them,thue was nathing but what of the king, and ta make . the Spaniards they carried abaard the lhips ta barter; knawn. The}V~for~ they unqer(l:oocl, fhllt ·C'a. On funday the 18th of November, he ~anaca.n w~s . a provinc~ in the midft of returned to Puerto del Principe, or the [;lIba, for NOC41! fignifi~~ in ~he fQiddle, and prince's port, and at the mo"uth of it ereCl:- {hat tljen; were gold min~s. 'fhe admiral ed a crofs made of two large pieces of Pllving receiv~d this information, would wood: Monday the 19th, he made towards npt lofe time; bljt ordep,d fame In.dians HijpanioJa, which fame called Bobio, and qf feveral parts to be ,tak~n, tQ carry them othera Bab4qu~, yet. as it afterwards ap- into i1pai~, th;lt every one migh~ giv(: an pearrolJabeque. was not HiJPaniola, but 'the acc<;)Unt pf hts own c04l)try, as witnelf¢s con tinen~, for they called it by another , of the di[cqvery . . Tw,(!lve men", women, name Caribana. By reaCon of the cOlltvary and children were (eQured . wi~hout giving winds. he fpent tnree or four days cruifing offence, and when they welie. rea>ove eleven hours. H aving learnt thus of peace, and thofe in the canoe landed; much, tho' the wind was contrary, he but ,t he king frood up, and threatned them, refolved to leave that place, and paffing whereupon they went off again, and he between HiJPaniola, .a nd 1'ortuga, found an threw water, and fome frones at them to Indian in a canoe, and wondered that the fhew his anger, and gave the admiral'~ fea running fo high, had not fwallowed Algua:zil a ftone to throw at them, which him up. He took him, and his canoe he did not, but fmiled. They in the' ca- into the, fhip, and 'fer him a!hore, with noe returned very fubmiffively to'Tortuga. fome tQYs, who'Jd highly .c ommended the and ~he admiral ufed all means to find out Spaniards, that many reforred to the !hips; that place, where they faid, there was fo but they only brought fome fmall grains much gold. This day, in honour of the of fine gold hanging at their nofes, which' feaft of the Conception, the admiral ordered they freely .parted , with. , Being afked" t/le !hips to be adorn'd, hoifting the co- where that . gold was found, they made , lours and ftreamers, arming the men, figns that there was plenty of ,it farther ' and firing the , cannon. The king came on. The admiral enquiring after his. ifland aboard, wh!!n the admiral was at dinner, of Cipango, they thought he . had ,meant and fat down by him, without fuffering Cibao, and pointed to it, being the place him to rife, the refpeCl: thofe naked peo- that afforded moft gold in that illand. ple paid to their fovereign being very re- The Ca' The admiral was informed, . that the markable. He invited him to eat, and ~~~:s lord of that part of the country, whom the Cacique took the meat as he had done Second. . board, they called a Cacique, was coming, attend. the time before; and after dinner, they entertaIn' ed by 200 men, to fee the !hips; and ilio' laid before· the admiral a gold girdle, which ~:ngf young, he was carried in a chair, on men's looked Jih thofe they ufe in Spaill, but the ciqui a. {houlders, and had a governor, and Ic oun:· , workman !hip was different, and fome gold board. fell ors. When he came near it was ob• . plateS. The admiral gave the king an fervcd that they' paid him wonder\ul reo old piece of hanging that was before his fp eCl: , and he was extraordinary grave. bed, becaufe he perceived it plea.fe~ :,;111, An Indian of the iiland Ifabela went a!hore; alld fome amber bead5 he had about his anq. fpoke to him , telling him the Spaniards neck, a pair of red fhoes, and a.,bottle of were heavenly men. H e went a8,oard, ' or~nge flower water, which pleafeq him and being COlne to the poop, made l figns highly. H e and his men feemed much for thofe that attended him to fiay behind;' concerned that they could not underftand except 'two m el) of riper years, who fa te one anc;>ther, and offeued all the counrry down at his feet, being his counfetlors. ' aff0rded. . The admiral !hewed him a piec~ The admiral ordered they fhould give · of Spanijh coin, bearillg the heads of their him t€l ea't, he took a little of every forr, carholick ma.jefties, which he admired, as which he tailed, then gave · it ,to the other alfo the corours, with the crolres, and twa, and from them it was i::arried out royal a'Frns. Then. he returned a Oiore, the to the rell; but when they gave him to admiral havi~g done him much honour, and CHAP. ro. America by the EUl'opeat1s; and was carried back to his town in the and children · cryiL'lg otlt tel him to ihy. H.· ..... RA chair, or bier . There was alfo a fon of He ordered ' meat [0 be given to f0me ~ his, attended by abundance of people, and that followed ·"im in cl1l10es, and others before him they carried the thinJ>s the ad- that fwam half a league to the caravels, miral had given him, held up °fingly on and tho' the illOre was covered with peo" high, that they might be feen by all men. pie, abundance were feen going and com' Next a brother of the king's went aboard, ing' to and from' the lllip§, aero[s a· gceati whom th~ admiral treated, and fhewed plain, which was afterwards,called la ~~It much refpetl: to, and the next day he order'd R eal, or the royal plam. The adlTIlrOli a crofs tb be ereEtcd in the fquare belong- aga·in commended that port, and §ave it ing to the town near the fea, which the the name of St. '1'homas beetaufe difcbver'd Indians paid refpefr to, as they faw the Gn his day. Chrill:ians did, for the town the kin13 lived On faturday the 22d, he deiOgned to gart on the 23.d" blJlt. frrfb growing high, they burnt it to make ways, ['lnr fix Spaniards, with the tiNaqf, t~ becaufe being naked it would hurt them,. jj>leafe others, who, were no-I~fs cddii~artered for fom~ ~t;Ittorr, and grains> o£ with the boats into the. harbour, and hav- gold. Above 120 canoes caIJ1l.~ to ,th\! fhip!l ing taken a view, faid it was a very good winh provifion, anti . etiF~hel1' pltcthers of one. They faw fome Indians, wll.o were good water" well made, and painted reQ~ fhy oli the Spaniards, but thofe who came and giving; thein fort of fpice, ca·11em Ah{ in the fbips, bid theh1 not to fear, and, whith t,hey pur into difbes of wa>ter, and then there fio,ked fuch multitudes of men, drank it off" {hewing it W~9 lnhp]{ome-J women, and children, that they covered The bam ~ear,her. denainingl tlhlt:radmiraJ!. the fhore. They broughn vithlals,. gourds he rent the not'llry t<> faoisfy kinl!J GtraQa~ fun of watter, and good bread made of nagllri, ana two of hlsl Indian] co: >\ , U0WITj Mayz, OP Indian wheat; nor did rhey hide to fee whe.lller thete wa~ a,ny. gol~; . be!" the women, as in other pla<1es, Itmt aU caufe havirtg gN,fome cotifideraln1c q~an~ frood in admiration to behold the Spani- tity bf late days; he bditlved ohere' was> ards, and praif~d GOD. They were a , rlertry. It was certainly coocLuded" tlolac- -whiter people, more cleverly fbaped, bet- n0 lees chan·, '1000 lT1~n came ir.ito' tile fhips' ter natured, and more gmerous, amI- the this day, everyone of. wherh ga;.J Guacanagari, who was four or 'five leagues would give him all he had, and the goods from the port of St. 'I'bomas, and there he were carried to two houfes he appointed diverttld himfelf, till feeing the fea calm,' for laying of them up. The Indians af- he went to bed, for he had npt Ilept in fifted with fo much diligence, and good two days and a night. The weather be- will, that nothing more could have been ing" calm, the fteerfman left the helm to done, had they been in Spain; for the' Reo- a ~rummet, notwithftanding the admiral pIe were peaceable and loving, their lan- had commanded, that whether the wind guage eafy to pronounce and learn; tho' blew or 'not, he who was entrufted with naked they had fome commendable cuf- the helm, lhould never leave it to another. toms, the king was ferv'd in great frate, The truth is, there appeared no danger was himfelf very fteady in all points, and of /hoals, or rocks, for on funday, when the people were fo curious in afking quef- ,J .' the boats attended the notary to the Ca·: tions, that they would know reafons for cique, they had founded all the coalt, and every thing they faw. They knelt down what rocks there were from the point to at prayers, as well as the Spaniards, and it the eaft fouth eaft, for three leagues, and did not appear at that time, that they had had obferved which way they might pafs ; any other religion, but wor1hipping of and therefore being now in a ·dead calm; heaven, the fun, and moon. they all went to Ileep, and it happened that Wednefday thezCthof December, GlIaca-GuI1t01!.3- the current carried on the /hip by degrees, nagari went aboard the caravel Nil1na, wheregari goes with fuch a mighty ' noife, that it might the admiral was, very much afflicted for [0 v~lit[he be heard a leag>le off, w hen the lad, who , the lofs of his /hip; he comforted him, of- admlC:u" was at the helm, perceiving the rudder fering all he had. Two Indians of ano- to ftrike, cried ou t. ther town came with gold ' plates, to ex- The.dmi· The admiral hearing him, was the firft change for hawkfbe1s, which they moil: va- ~~l %~e, that got up, then came the mafter, whofe lu'd, an'd the admiral was well provided IS .p. watch that was, whom he directed, {ince with fuch toys, knowing by the Portuguefts the boat was oui, to heave out an anchor how ben€ficial they were in Guinea. The a ftern, that fo by help of the capltain' feamel) alfo faid, thac others brought gold, they might work off the lhip; but when' and gave it for ribbons, and other trifles. he thought they had been executing his or .. Guacanagari perceiving that the admiral ' ders, he perceiv'd that fome of the men. valu'd it, told him, he would have fome were flying in the boat to the other cara-' brought from Cibao. Then going alhore, vel, . which was half a,league to windward. he invited the admiral to eat Axi and Ca- Perceiving that the water ebbed, and the' zabi, which was their chief diet, and gave veffel was in dangd-, he order'd the maft, him fome vizor-masks with ears, nofes, to be cut by the board, and many things and eyes all of gold, befides other {mall calt into the fea, to get' her off; but no- things they wore about their necks, and thing would do, for the water falling off complain'd much of the Caribbees, who amain, t~C /hip every moment ftuck fafter, carry'd away his fubjects, and that was the and lying athwart thefea; tho' it was calm, reafon why he fled at firlt, believing that the feams of her open'd, ' lhe hee1'd toone: the Spaniards were Caribbees [wbom we call fide fprung a leak below, and was fill'd Canibals, or Man-eaters of tbe Carib bee with water, and had the wind or fea been Ijlands. ] The admiral /hew'd him his rough, no man had efcap'd; whereas had weapons, and a 'I'urkijh bow, with which the malter done what the admiral order'd, ' a Spaniard /hot very well, promifing to the lhip had· been faved . .. The boat came defend him; out he was molt frighted at back to their relief, for they in the other I thecanon, for when that fir'd, all the Indians caravel feeing ' how the matter ,aood, did fell down, as if [hey were dead. The ad- not only refufe to receive them, but were ' miral finding all people fo loving, fo ma- coming with it to help; ' but there being ' ny tokens of gold, and the roun'~ J .0 no remedy, order was taken to fave the fruitful and pleafant, concluded tha.:-GoD men, 1iSl which put'pofe the admiral fent had permitted the 1hip to be 10fl:. I,that a J amts de Arana, and Peter Gutierrez a/hore, ' fettlement might be made there, and the to tell the Cacique that he had lolt his 1hip , preaching of his holy name begin in ·:hat at a league and a half from his town, as place; for he often permits that this 1ho'uld hewas going tofeehim. Guacanagari /hed not be done merel y for his honour, and tears for forrow, and immediately fent out the advantage of our neighbours, but for his Canoes, which in a moment carried bff the reward men expect in this world, and all 'there was llpon the deck, he coming in the next; for it is not to be be1iev'd with his brothers, and taking great care" ,' that any nation in the world would venture that nothing ' 1l1Ould be touch'd; for ,he , upon fo many hardOlips as the admiral and Itay'd himfelf to fecure the goods, and f~nt': the Spaniards did, in fa dubious and dan- -4. gerous CHAP, I r: America· :hy the, Europeans; ,., gerous an undertakin~, ~ere it not in·h opes Pinta was· in a.river, towards the eafter- H'"BU of fome reward, whIch lias carry'd on this moft point, and Guacanagar; fent to get ~ holy work. The Indian5 went forwards certain information of it. The admiral and backwards for hawldbels, which was took much care to advance the ftruCture; the thing they moft valued, and as foon as and the more bec"ufe he had daily frenl they came near the caravel, they held up motives fa to do: in regard that Guac/b,;a- the I?ie~es of gold, crying, Chuque, Chuque, gari always exprefs'd much fear of the CII- figOlfytng, Take and give. the bell. An ribbm, to ·encourage hjm, and ,at the fame Indian alhore came with a piece of gold, time give a proof of the effeCt of the Spa- 1'leafant fimplicity weighing about half a mark rthnt is four nijh arms, the admiral order~d a cannon of an 1.- ounces] which he held in his left hand, and to .be !ir'd igainft the fide of the Ihip that 'i,n. ftretch'd out the right, and as foon as he was caft away, which was pierc'd thrqugh, had receiv'd the bell, he drapt the gold, and the ball fell into the water bC}'ond it. and ran away, ~hinking · he had cheated He !hew'd him what execution our wea- the Spaniar4. , ,,; pons would do, and faid, thofe he intend- The admIral refolv'd to leave. fome men ed to leave in his country, Ihould defend in this country, to trade with the Illdiam, him with them, becaufe he intended to make difcoveries up the land, and learn the retu rn into Spain, to bring jewels, and language, that at his return· from Spain he other things to prefent him. Above all, might have fome to direCt him in planting thofe people werefo fond of the hawkfbels, of Colonies, and fubduing it, and many ·that fome of them, fearing there Ihould freely offer'd themfelves to fray . He or- be none left, would come to the caravel der'd a tower to be built, with the timber over night, to defire to have one kept for , I of the !hip that was cafr away, and by this them till the next morning. ~me advice was brought, that the caravel , . . C HAP. XI. ' The Admiral affeClionately receiv'd, build~ a Fort in HiCpaniola, and diffofls all Things for kis J?etlJrn to Spain, . A canoe T HE admiral had ferlt a CanDe, 'with a ~hich was fending . his brother, who re· rent to Spaniard in it, to find qut the caravel ~eiv'd the admiral ·wlth much joy and ci-feek the ether ca· Pinta, and ·carry.a letteqo'Maflin Alcnfo vility, and led him by the hand to one of ravel. Pinzpn, kindly' defiring he .. would join the hou(es that were given to th¢ Chriftians, him · again, :without taking -ljotice of th~ ·b~ing the bell: and biggeft in the town. fault committed in leaving: him ' ; . but .he There they . had prepar'd him a place to Reception return'd with an account that he had gone fit iii adorn'd with the inner rhinds ot films of the ad- above twenty leagues witholJt finding him, pf palm-treeS, which are as large as a great miral. and had he gone five or fix farther, he haq calf's skin; ,and almofr of that Ihape, ve- not loll: his labour, ·An Indian afterwards ·ry clean' and cool, 'and ,one ' of them covers fald, he had two days before fe~n the ,cata- a ,man, and keeps the rain off him, as if vel at anchor in a river, yet was not cte~ he had a calf's or cow's skin over him, dited, fince the others had not met with and they ferve for m~ny ufes, being by the her, and yet he fpoke the truth as it afte/- 'Indian5 call'd Tagua5. ' , wards appear.ed, for he might fee hu from -, They fea'ted the admiral on a chair, with fame high ground, and made haft~.tO teu ; 'Iow back io 'it, as the indian5 ufed, being his lord. The failor, who went in the very handfome, (mooth, . and Ihining, "' canoe, faid,. that twenty leagues from that if they had been: of ,Jet . ..A s foon as he ])Iace he faw a king, who had two great was feated the broth,r gave notice to the gti;-: . ~l"'~s on his head, as had fever,al o~ ,king, · who , came prefendy, put a great thers who were with him, which as foon plate of. gold, ,about his neck, with fOUC!) ·as th(, :,diam in the canoe fpoke to him; fatisfaClion, and fray'd .with him till it,grew he tr)6k off. The admiral 'fancr'd that late, when the admiral , return'd to !y~ a- GUJCanagill"j ' had forbid 'them al .felling poard his . ca:ra~el. H~ · had many motives any gold to the Spaniard5; ' that it might for (eding a colony in .this place; the chief all pafs througq his own hands" The build- whereof were, that when it was knownjn. ing of the fort , was haftned, ' and to th~t 9P,ain, 'tha,t (o~e men were left there, ochers effeCt Columbus wetit a!hore, for he always aught be ,inclinable to go over; and pe- lay aboard . the caravel. . As he went in CilUfe the 'one caravel he had left could not the boat he thought he Had ' feen .Guacanal conveniently cqocain them all; ,befidcs the gari, who flipp'd into His houfe, perhaps good will he ,found in thofe that were to for the more frate, having concerted to, be left, to which they were much encou-, perform the ceremony . he afte,rwarcls di<;l; rag'd by the, rleekne,f~ and affabili~y of the VOL. 'V: ' " , -1'. R n.at lves ; O"fer.'lJ4tions', an~ 1)ifc()1Jeri-eJ of HERnii natives;' 'as alfo for tliat; : tll&' lie' bid ~e\. the admi~al's~ who took 'off a thing 0" ell: V'Y""I1'"c;>f t,h~ln ~~~i' nFc~~rles. , The , km~ , ord~,r'd Jhe, r.~b)~Cl 't<;> 'kmg, Guaca~a~a)'ll," "fltlh golq !?~lUH haye ~srhqch of th,~ c9unt~y \:lreaf!., crowns 0n t~e1r heads" , a,~~i '1}~8? £tate" <;a11;a, C~2iP:ft" :a£,,~t; pleafFd.,; : 'F alfq ,d,\'z: AS;f?o,n as 'He Iland~d, Guac(Z~~~¥;! 'ca~A (alf-fifh" all,4, "'~jI,~FO~v,r, ~lje, he ha,~ 'i ~ho to rec~lve, 'l1:nd, H:d Hlm by the artl} to tl\e ~~ \yolllc;l not ,wIlImgly 4ave ,retI,Jrn ,d IQtO farne hou:'~ h9 had been In b~fo!~? ' ,'w~~tP: Spain, , ,w!th9~tf fir!lcQ~fti!lg alI,alQng that the' place o~ 'ffate was ptepar~Q \Vith chairs. lant!, whH;h he,thougqt :ran fal' tq tbe e~ft­ H e)nade the a?m!rallit'~?~r'~'~ithr.n~c,~; ward,; t~a't'~e 'inighc difcp¥er more of !ts, coUrtefy ' ana ' refpeCl., then ' took off. tlie fecre'ts; and find out the ,beft way to , lt. crdwn frolnhis !o'Wnhead, 'iiUl'd' Jp.u't Ie but fdethe' oettdr 'bri~ging' of' bea\t~ and ' catfle. " , ret CHAP. 1'2. Hh.H. yet he durll: not then attempt it, as having ' Guaca:n~g~ri, and 'Ulro'lIg IIOlle oj hi) pebP.lt~ \/'(".J but one caravel, ' and might theref6re ' be 'or'o )/er atly"vi6lellce eUber to nlall or wom~n~ in danger, fo that it was not reafonable' to that,tbey 'might b~ conjirm'd ill the opiliion oj venture farther on an unknown coall:, .He their cdmingfrdmheavm,; 110/10 dividetEeill- complain'd grievoul1y, that Martin Alohfo jel'f)~s, n~r go up the coJllirYl -'10r out or Gtia~ Pinzoll ha,d forf.~k~n, ~nd thereby put hln~ can,agan'" 40miniotlS, lillce b~ )hew d ')!;em to thefe inconVenienCIes, For to ftay. in fo thueb affection; 10 jurvey the coaft in their the fort he made fhoice of thirty nine men, boal and calloes, wi(h his eonfellt, 'endeavoUl'- rhe moft wdlmg, and freely difpos'd, lng, to difcOVfY the gold milles, and jome good ftrong, and of a good conll:itution to en- port, not being 'well jatisfied with that, wber~ dure ha,rdfhips, from among all his crew, they were, edll'd the Na'tiviry; to endeavour appomtmg James de Arana, a native of to barter for as !nuch as they could, fairly; CordO'l)a, for their captain, notary; and without jeeniil1g cove/ollf; and 10 learll the Alguazil, with as full power as he had from language, thai b~ing fo neceJ!ary io gain the their catholick majefties; in cafe he fhould lriend)hip of tbe natives, ' alld very ujeflll ~ die P~ter Gutierrez, groom of. the privy and he prbTtlis'd, jinee they gave the king the chamber to, their catholick majefties 'Yas firit .jooting in jh~t l!ewjound elllpire, t~ 'bey,; to fucceed hIm, and after him Roderick de he would b~ pleas'd 10 'Y,(lb,ard tbem. "fhey EfcO'Uedo, born at, Segovia. He alfo lefe arifwer'd, They wodlg moft, readily com- one mall:er John, a furgeon among them, ply with all he enjoin'tl (h~n1. On wednef- An, (493; and a fhip-carpenter, a cooper, an abl~ oi?t>;wl*~ ,l,s' :t~1rt~ I~agties 'e~!;t thou,ght he had been fo near the mines of fro In Monte Chriflo, and ,there they took I tortoife~, H .. ~ ~1tA tonp~f~8,as big as bucklers, : that wen~ tp .. any more, that they prepar'd to feize the ~ iay'their eggs alhQre •. The idmiral affiiJn'~ ~~f4niar~s, : for which reafOl~ they fell upon , , lie- ~ 'had thereabouts' feen three ' irierm~ids> (tll~m, gayeo"e a great cut In the buttocks. wnich :raifed themfelves high:a bove th~ :wa.'- ,~nd ' a"other a"blow on the breaft, upon ter,. ,ano were not {o ',beautifulastheyp~ini: ,which the reft fied, and they might have athsf lll'l ,;\' but had fome 'fort of human face;kil\'d many had they purfu'd them. This he had feen at 'other times on' the ' (/daft :Wil* the: firt!: time any hoftility was com- o~~ilinea. . ', ~e p'ro~eeded ·tei : #i~ : 4e : c:,':..~r 'mitted on this jOand, betwixt theSpaniaras mel or the RIver of Grace, ;wliere MarlIN ~n4InfJians; 'The admiral was concern'd at Alon/o Pinzoizha~ , Dee,n trading, ,aI\d ' ~as .h, ' ~ho~on the 'other hand he faid it pleaf- alWllYS caU'd by his' name, : andtijere, he ed him, that they might know what the order'd four Il1dians the raid Marlin :dlonfo CQrifti'lJlS could do. ' , had taken by foic~; to be !eft."" ',: ~ :, ,On /V'oridilY ,Jhe 14'h, in--the morning. ',','Friday the lith, ~e.fail'd ;' i:>ri. to a cape abundance of people appear'd on the Ihore. he\ c~lrd Belprado, ',whence ,tnerewas a p~o~ 'columbus order'd ,the men in the boat to fpet;!: '0( ' 11 mo\i(ltliin~ whic1\.looking like' tJ:and upon their guard; but the Indians ~lver\",I;l'ecaufe cover'd with fn,?w, he call'4 ¢aqle as ' if ,nothing had happened, and w :M'onte'de Ptata, or MountaI,lf ' of PllI~e; ' ~mong theil1, was the king of that province, ana the .'port at t4e' ,foot 'ofic' 'Puerlo ·; q,i arid the Indian that had been aboard the ' , Plata, :t~at is, P9rr of Plate" being '.in cjI:ravel, ' to ' ,which that king came with , tbe, Jl:iiipe. ,'o~ 'a horfe-lhoe: , RlIpnihg ,on ~hree of his men. The admiral order'd all' ~a: 16!l~?i t~e coaft, with :the, currerit, them ' bilket and ,honey to eat, red caps, a\ldJait 'we~t~~~;te,llle~~~~sJ~rther, ,/If bits of cloth; and beads. The next day the found f<;veral , cape~, ' whIGh, hecall'd, del k)n~. fent ' his: gold crown, and ftore of 'Anget;,.'or ~theAngel's ;la Pqnia del 'rerrf.~· prpVI~QnS, the men that brought them the f¥.,Iftake'-PoInt; el Redondo, the Rqund oej~g ~rm'(( with bows and arrows. Four OlJe;," el Frances; tile French one; el Cabi- ruth UI1Qerftariding youths came to the ca- a~ Men ']'iem'po,' ' F~ir weather C ape i: e{ ,iz;I ~; , ~ave), that'toll1mbus refolv'd to carry them l aM,; th'eYpright. , Nextfat~rd,aY.lle ;~di, to''Spain. They' gave him an account of vali~'~ thiFty ~eagues [wher, ~dm,Ir)!lg ,~~~! f~y!e~al things; and from thence lhew'd him elii telit ohhelOandl call'd one ;G ape de,,? 1;1 th~ , IOanc\ of 3/: Jobn de Puerto Rico. He dre !~ 'Hijo, o~ the' F:ather arid':Sqn;:'~ r~t~ gepiu'ted 'that bay, which he nam'd de los bou'r, Puerto [aero, .f acred Port, ,and ,a pomt. F{ec,bos, ' or ,of the arrows, on wednefday ~f , !~~d .cabo :1~le:r};;ita~or~dof'. theLo~~~A (he 16th of J anuary, nonhioking fit to Ca.\';: " ~POf,~g D,H :to It ,lie d:Ifc~ver~~~'il t'\'ay any longer becaufe the caravels made extr~qrdIn,artl~ r~e ~~r' , three. l<;ague!~ W\d,11. lnuch, water, failing on with a weft-north- and ,I{l the nlIq(t of, ,It a Crnall!Oand. ;rh~W ~~ft wind, " in9 when Qe had fail'd fixteeen he ;1~ 1. , to obferVe the' ec1ipfe; : whic;h was: lc;agues, the,Indians he had aboard Ihew'd like''c1:,' Jlttle.g!a,~s , beadsr, an,d i rll~.n , fet' h!m ~p'u!Ing,~e.r "11,zen maft beI~g faulty,_a nd ailio're. FIve and fi fty naked IndIans, IwIth therefore little ufe made of It; and thC! (if fi.iiJ ft~l ~s ·; th~ "iep?Ft ',w as fpread.ta. he "was of opinion, that'according to.arti-'broad In Eijbon, · that ! ~he'to his voyage. The king an[wer~';, . 'e b(!"o him, ' a'nd "'he," lnbt to '1hewi\\FIy 'miftrufr, liev'ed there would 'be no need of any ' nedia- Cb~jlied. ) Mel'lay that ' liigh~J!;t SdcrJWm, tOrs' to1at:c0mmodare ,this maner. ' tIe or. ~titl " Was ,lweWhterta1n'ed, ' 'and the1 klng 'ceted !the 'prior' of. Crato, that is . of the !i'dd ' given'!orde~'s ' at'Lijbdn, ' /for him ro';be kl'l~ghts .0f Malta, the prime ,man then' fd~pli~d " ~,lth':~ll~ ~a~ :<'ld,~on for ~ra.tis. about. the · cOUrt, to :entertain him. The The' 'oe'xt' 'day lH e"1l'rn""etl-'Where"the kIng n'ext- ·day ,the ,king told him, if he wanred ~a's, ' -all ~l're" gendem'en ofithe kitlg'~)htllhfe­ any, :thing, ',fue{hould .befupplied, :and h61A' ."cametlUho "meet J!alidJ c'0nd'ii61.'ed mak~l'Ig him ' Mr, aiked many r queftions. kiin1loO "cdurt, !W he\-e lth'~q~ing ' fedeived him concerning that new voyage, ' the latitudes; ye'r~ honciilr~blt,' \nad~lJYi'~ :Ik~o~n, 'aM hhe 'people, . and ocher rhings ; relating to after 'e:xpl'dIing ' much Joy,'for 'hiS"{ uccefs, t·hofe pa:Pts, Jbeing highl y c0ncerned that ~naen'quirtng' after'fome' pankulars, i faid, he 'haddet .n,ip .thac good fortune. .There were America by tbe Europeans), , 61 9 were thofe; i¥ho offered him to mUrGler the way. , He a)fo tooic with him gtcen HERR •• k ,the admiral; that what he had done might and red p~rrots, an,d other rare things, ~ npt be known; bu t he would not con, never beflilre ,(e,en it) Spain. The fam,e pf fent. this wond~t; I?eing fpread abroad, when Of.) monday the II,h of Marcb, the ad, he depam;d SfUil, th~ pepple (locked fr,orn miral tookbi$ kave of the king, who Was at- ~Il pares to tile rqad; to ' (ee the admital; tended by aJI the gentry about the court. and ,the In.dians. Their majelJ:i€s havilrqught, ",hic.h. were carried o.pe(l~ caravel, on wednefday the 1 3" h of Marcb, Iy. The mQre to hO)lOur hit1'l, their rna. On thurfday before fun riring he came to jel1:ies ordered their thtone to' be fet 'o.ut cape s.t, Vincent, and friday the 15'h after in pub]ick view, where they fat with prince day to Saltes, where he entered about noon Johll. The, .dmira'i came in a!teflded by with the tide, into the port he had fet out a multit\!de of gentle.men, as fo.on as he from, on friday the 3d of Augujf, the year drew near their majeftics flood up, he befon;, (0 that he fpent fix months and a knelt down, kiffed their hands, was or. half on the voyage, Being informed .that ~ered to Fife, a chair br6tJghe, and he (at their catholick majeflies were at Barcelona, down ih ~heir royal prefeticel When h<: he had thoughts ,of repairing to them by h~d ':!ery fogawly, and with ,tnllch difcFe~ fea, in his c~ravel. He landed at Palos, tion, give(l their ' highneffes 'a ,{bort relati; was received with a proceffion, and ex- ~n .of GOQ'S meroiei, uljder ' ~h~ir high- traordinary ,rejoking of the whole town, fl~lfes a\l(j'licious fo.rtune, of his 1I0.y~gej . all ;men admiririg that mighty exploit, ~nd difcovery, the hopes he had of./jnding which they never imagined he would have l~rger countd~s; ..n d havi!lg _fhew~d ,~lie performed (0 (uccefsfully. things he brollght, and the Indians, as they The admiral having refolved not to go . welle it) their own country; the majell:ies br fea to l!arcel?"a, (ent their ~ajefties ad-, left their chairs) knelt down, and lifting vIce of hIS amval, and a bpcf account up ,th~jr Mnd~ , to. h~av~jJ, wilh .. t,·a,s i~ of his voyage, referring them to his own their eyes" -r~tllrp~d , 1IH'lk~ \ eCi! ,qOD, ~nd more ample information, by word of the mufick of 'the' chapel began the hym(l mouth. The anflVer met him atSroil, the 'Ie I)eum. In ' r~garq ;that wim h~a beF,n purport whereof was, to expre[s their joy ~o!1cert~d at firf!: wi,thJ)1e i'qf11ir~1 ~~s bu~ a for , his return and fuccefs, oiferjng to re- plai[l contt~Cl:, , ~I]d rye h~d 'l?'rfw.m"i! , wq,~~ wara , and honour him, ordering him ,to he \Indt;r~oQ,~, th~jr ~;uefj:ig~ ir llhlri' a!)1 ' make halte to Barcelolla, that they might pie 'lIwn,C),er, ,mifted , ~orLnl, W!H~ trr;y concert what was necellary for cilrrying qn h,ad pr.o)Tli~q at the tp,wn o.f S(l't~q h:e, 911 the difcovery commen~ed, .anp .to confi- ihe, i 7th of April, the fqr~g~i,~!/i;yeai, ,and der whether it , were ~onvel)lent to leave ,he patents paffed at BlirFeli)~I(' , on the 3P'~ ;Q":p o· ders at Se-vil, that no time might 9f ~he [am" lI)9n1,q, t.!lis .y~a r, '1119 'rer" be loft It is jmpoffible . to ,exprefs how fign,ed by their , highneffe~ Rn , th~ 28,<.h 9(, tbeir m' Ie.(ties were , pJeafed, ,and all ; t~e 1yI(JY , They~lro gave him "the arms 9f co,u rt .. r'Joked ,at, and ,admir,ed, to fee ~~~t' C(afiile and f.,e~1I to. bfar together wj,~h his aGcomplifl1ed, which they h~d all defp'ur,ed. patema l ' ~pat" w.itJ1 ,oth,er tping~ g~no!i.ng of. The fuperfcription of the letter was to Ifis difficult and 'wpnqe,fuj dircp,v~ry; a,n,ej. DOli Chriftopber · Columbus, their l)1aje(j:.ies i;? ~,f1:owed folP'C favpurs 0./1 his brqthe[s PQ1;' admiral of the ocean, viceroy, ,anel gover. B.4r;bplo/IJr;.p, ' an.~ :POll ]qmes, tho.' , tl)eYi nor.of the ifiands djfcover,ed in th~ Indies. >ft;re tIJot t!len ,, ~t ,O)lrt. The ~ing t.cow. He ,returned an anfwer with a ,particular of ~h~ ildmiral by his (ic;le, ,wh~n 1)0 appe~rcd what ,fhips, men, l1:ores, .at:Iln1u,nition, ,am!. ip ;publi,)<. in fJl1rc~lpltiJ" ,dp,ipg ,hiJV very Erovifions were requifite, to, ,r,ef)lr,n to ~he , m\.\ch )lOnO\lr ' othynyi[e, a.nd th~r~f.9re ~Il , Indies, and took the way to , B~rulo1!a, tP,e " gr~l)de~s, ,\nd \"th,r ,pri\11e ),men ho.- with feven In,diam, ,the tell: being dead ,I;>y I)O,ure,d and mY~,tecl.i,im .\0 ~jne )yjth ,hem ; an d 4 20 ObJervatiOns and DiJcoveries ' of FhiRRBU and the cardinal of Spain, Don Peter GDIf,- partakers of his bleffings by means of their V"'V"-' zales de Mendoza, a virtuous and noble catholick majefties, the induftry of admi- minded prince, . was the firft grandee, who ral Columbus, and the affiftance of the Spa- going one day from c,:ollrt; cook the ad- nijh nation; and all the court of Rome miral to dine with him. Theircatholick celebrated and admired fo great an ex- majefties thought' fit to acquaint pope ploit. -The pope granted to their majefties .Alexander_t he 6,b:, of the houfe of Borja, of Caftile and Leon, and to their heirs and with their new difcovery, that he might re- fucceffors, the fovereign empire and do- turn ' 'thanks to GOD, for the igoodnefs minion of the Indies, and their feas, with Jhewn to his church, and rejoice, for that in fupreme and royal jurifdiction, imperial his days, an opportunity was offered of pro- dignity, and fuperiority over all that he- pagating the gofpe!. Their embalfador mifphere: to which, by the advice, con- was .alfo ordered to inform him, that the fent, and approbation of the facred col. faid difcovery had been made , without in- lege of cardinals, a bull was expedited, croaching lIpon the crown of Portugal, on the 2.d of May this fame year, with. the admiral having received firict com- all the fame pI ivileges, franchifes, and mands from their highndfes" not 'to come prerogatives granted co the king of Por- within an hundred leagues of la Mina, '-or tugal for India, Guinea, and other parts of Guinea, or any other part belongidg to the Ajrick. And by another bull of the 3d Portuguejes, which,he had punctually per- of May the fame year he granted to them formed. ,And tho', in regard the admiral all the Indies, whether ifiands; or conti- had taken polfeffion of thoee new lands, nent, already difcovered, or to be difco- and for many other reafons, feveral emi- vered, for ever, drawing a line from the ninent civilians were of opinion, there was one pole to the other at an hundred leagues no need of the popc's ,confirmation, or diftance to the weftward from the ifiands grant for poffeffing of that new world Azores, and thofe of Cabo Verde, and that juftly; however their catholick majeft:ies whatfoever was, or I'nould be difcovered directed their faid embaffador, to entreat to the weftward, or fouthward of that his 'holinefs to make a deed of gift of the line, fhould , appertain to the navigation lands already difcovered" and to be dif- and difcovery of , their majefties of Caftile covered to the crown of Caftile, and Leon, and Leon, provided it was not in the pof- and' to expedite his bulls'a:ccordingly:. femon of any other chrifiian prince, ' be- The pope rejoiced very much 'at this fore Chriftmas-da y in the fame year; and news, and glorified GOD, for that he had that none lhould prefume to fail into been pleafed to fhew the means to draw thofe parts, under penalties and eeclefi- thofe people out of infidelity ,and make them africal cenfures. . C HAP. XV. The .Admiral takes leave of their Catholick Majeflies to return to the Indies; and the King ' of Portugal r~tends that what had been difi:overed belongs to him. T N E pope's bulls being brought, when the Spaniards 'who mifufed them fhould . the admiral had obtained all things be feverely punifhed . They gave the ad- for the voyage he was ' to undertake, a miral very .rich church ftuff, for the fer- few days before he left Barcelona, their ma- vice' of GOD, and ordered him to expe': jefties ordered that the Indians fhould be dite his departure, and as foon as pomble baptized, having been before inftructed to ' difcovcr whether Cuba, which he had in the carholick faith, they themfelves de- called Juana, was an ifiand, or continent. firing to be made Chriftians; and therefore and to behave himfelf difcreetly towards their majefties were willing 'to offer 'up to' the Spaniards', encouraging th~ gOt -:!, '"nu G O'D thofe firft fruits 'of the Gentiles, chaftizing the wicked. He took ,;ave of the king, and the prince ' his fon frand- their majefties, and was attender hat day ing godfathers; the lamr of Which would from the palace to his lodgings by all have one of the Indians to remain in his the court, and the fame when he depart- ferv 'lce, who foon after died. For the bet-' ed Barcelona. ter managing the ' converfion of thofe peo-' When he came to Sevil, he found the Seventeen pie, their highneffes ordered, that one F :' arch-deacon ']01)// Rodriquez de Fonftca had r~~ ':I0j; r Boyl, a Catalonian monk, ' of the order of provided feventeen fhips, great and fmall, :' r:cond St. Beneditl; and other religious men, with furnifhed with abundance of victuals, am- voyage. the pope's authority, fhould go along with munition, cannon, wheat, feeds, mares, ~ the admiral, giving ftrier 'charge that the horfes, a~d tools to work the gold mines, Indians fhould be well ufed, and brought and frore of commodities to barter, and into the church by fair mc;ans, and that give as the admiral fhould think fit. The 4 fame l CHAP. 15. fame of this firange difcovery , and of difcovered which belong'd to hini, that H ER ... A gold, drew together ' 500 men , and among they would fo behave thcmftlves towards v-y-v them many gentlemen, all in the kinO"s him; as he would do in the like cafe; a'nd pay, for not above twenty went over up~n that being informed tbey ddigned (0 pro- their own accou nt, and thofe were horfe- fecute tbe d ifcovery due wef1: from the Ca" m en. There were many labouring men, nary inands, wi thou t turning to the fOllth- to work at the gold mines, and hand icrafts ward, he deli red they would direCt ' the of fe vera l ~orts. Their majef1:ies by a admiral to obferve tbofe ordel's; and" he new commlffion appoInted the admira l would enjoin his commanders, when they captain general of the navv, and of the went out upon difcovery, not to pafs thore indies, and AlltollY de 'J'orre~, brother to bounds to the northward . Befo re Ruy de prince John's nurfe, a man .of prudence, Sande came, a report had reached tbe court; and ab ility to bring it back. Francis de that tbe king of Portugal would fend his P ennalofa, the queen's fervant, was ap- fleet the fame way the Spaniards failed, pointed co command the forces in the and take polTeffion of thofe lands. Tbere field, and Alonfa de Vallejo had the fame was 31fo advice brought , that Marlin A- pof1:. Bernard de P i/a, an alguazil of the 10llfa P'inzon, after e(ca ping dreadful f1:brms, court, equivalent to a fergea nt at arms, was arrived with his camvel Pinta in Ga- went as controller of the [I/dies, and 'James licia. He died prcfently, and fome fay it Marque as infpeCtor. The mof1: noted was for grief of a reprimand he received, perfons that went over were the commen- fo r not obeying the admiral, and leaving dary Gallegos, Sebajliall de Campo, both of him; and becaufe their catboli ck maje- Galicia, the commendary Arroyo, Roderick f1:ies would not fee him, un!efs introduced Abarca, MiceI' Girao, Jobn de Luxon, Pe- by CollI.nbus. ter N avarro, P eler H emalldez Coronel, whom Upon the ad vice received from Lisbon, the admiral con.ltituted head alguazil of and the king of Portugal's intimation of the in and Hifpaniola; Mofen P eter Marga- his deligns , their catholick majef1:ies or- rite, a Catalollian gen tleman, AlolIJo San- dered John Rodriguez de Foltfeca fo to pro- chez de Carvajal, alderman of Baeza, Gor- vide the fleet the admiral was to command, bolan, Lewis de Arriaga, Alonfa Perez Mar- that ' in cafe the Portugucfes !hould make tel, Francis de Zunniga, AlonJo Ortiz, Fran- any a(tempt, it might be either ofFenlive .c is de Villalobos, P erc/all de R ibera, Mel- or defenlive, and to haf1:en its deparrure . . bior M aldonado, and Alollfa MalaveI'. Now They alfo fent Lope'de Herrera, a retainer alfo went over Alon/o de Ojeda, fervant to on their fami ly, to L isbon, to return that the duke of M edina Celi, a little man, but k ing thanks for hiscourrery towards the well!haped, of a good afpeCt, very f1:rong, admiral, and defire him not to fufFer any and aCtive, who when queen !Jabel, or Eli- • of his fubjeCts to go or fend to thofe inands, zabetb was on the tower of the cathedral or continents newly difcovered, becaufe at SC'Uil, got upon the beam, which was they belonged to them; wh ich wo uld be · out 20 foot beyond the faid tower, mea- .agreeable to the brotherly affeCtion there fured the length of it with his feet, as was between them, 'and troubles would be nimbly, as if he had been wal king along prevented, and the .preach ing of the catho- · a room ; at the end of the beam !hook lick faith among thofe nations would not · one leg in the air, and turning round, re- be obf1:ruCted. L ope de H"rrera had alfo turned with the fame agility to the tower, inf1:ruCtions to reprefent the extraordinary all men admiring he did not fall, and beat care their catholick majelt ies had taken, in himfelf in pieces. Thefe and all the ref1: charging the admi ral not to touch at the that went aboard the fleet took a ,folemn gold mine , or Guinea, or any other part oath to be obedient co their maje f1:ies, to . difcovered by his predeceffors. Belides this his admiral, and to the juf1:ices, and to take compl iment, he had other .private inf1:ruc- care of the royal interef1:. . . : tions, ,that in cafe h~ found that king had --=- K'ng Tobit of Portugal was fo highly .ei{her already fent out his fleet, or delign- con2 ,lied for having fuffered this new em- ed to fend it, he !hould not proceed as a- pire '; " go from him, that not being 'able bove, but deliver other credentials he car- to conceal his trouble, he ordered prepa- ried, and require him to f1:op thofe pro- r ations to be made for invading of thofe ceedings, till publick proclamation there- countries, upon pretence that they be- of were made in his kingdom . When Ruy longed to him; and on the other hand de Sande had delivered his embafTy, as is fent Ruy de Sande to their highnefTes , who faid above, he delir'd leave to export fome told them, !hewing his credentials, how things the king of Portugal f1:ood in need well he had treated the admi ral, that he ,of for the expedition' he de ligned to un- was pleafed his projeCt and voyage had dertake again!l: the Moors in Ajrick, where- been fuccefsful; and that he did not quef- with he difguifed the report 'of the difco- tion, if there were any cOl1ntries and inands very he intended to the wef1:ward. H e VOL. V. . . 7 T al[o Objer'VatiQns and. 1;>iJco·veries .of HSRRERA alfo demanded, that the Spaniards !hould of his difcoveries and advantages, and pro~ V"'V"J be forbid ,going to filh at cape Bojador, tefted againft the bulls granted, alledging ti11 it !hould be amicably decided, whe- many pretences of wrong, as that they ther they might lawfully do fo, and their broke into his limits, and there ought to highnelTes anfwered" . ~t.!hould be done. be bounds affigned, to prevent the .trou· . Lope de Herrera beJllg fet out for Portu- bles ,that might enf!le between the fubjeCl:s gal,' before Ruy de Sa'!'de :~eached t,he court of the two crowns. The pope anfwered, of their catholickmaJelbes, and king John that to obviate all occafions of complaint, being inform'dof the melTage he brought, he he had marked out what beldnged to each, rent ,Edward Galvan to give notice of what ordering the meridian to be drawn from oRu'J de Sande had.in cQmmiffion, relating pole to pole, as has been faid; and again to Columbus's difcove'ry, and without per- granted to the kings of Spain all that !hould mitting Lope de lfer,rtra to make ufe of ,be conquered in the Wands towards the his credentials, or requiring what he was eaft, weft, and fouth, not already polTef- direCted, anfwered, that he would fend no fed by an yother prince; and another bull {hips upon difcovery in fixt)' days, becaufe was expedited on the 26,h of September the he intended to fend embalfadors to their f.'lme year. However, this did not fatisfy hi'ghnelTes upon that poinr:Whilft this was the Portuguefes, who pretended they were in agitatiori, he had complained againft wronged, and that the partition meridian their eatholick majefties at the court, of ought to be drawn much fartherwelhrard. Rome, faying, ·they interrupted the courfe C HAP. XVI. The ,Admiral's'InjiruCfions and Preparations ;he Jets Otlt on his Jecond VoJage. T HE admiral being at.Sevil, with hIS er- their ~ajefties fteres, to be kept by their , ders, dec\aring.hQw far the liberty of officers, the admiral having the fupreme his admirallhip and .government"extend«d, command over 'them all, who Was to carry ·which were as large as. the pope's grant, and -on the trade, or the perfon by him ap- haying left his fonsDon,'J,ames al,ld Don Fcl'- -pointed, with the alIiftance of their high- dinand, as pages to prince John, . he applied ' ileifes, infpeCl:or and controller. That he himfe\f to chufe the ablen: . pilots, .al,ld to!hould · have . the. eightll part of all the ~eview the men appointed for the ifervice, profit, payingtbe eighth of all rhe goods In the prefence of the controller Soria. All carr,ied over to barter, firft d~duCl:ing the perfons were prohibited,oarrying any goods ,tenth he 'Was ro have of all things, pur- to ba'rter, and it wasordeF'd, thaG 'all things , fuant to his contraCl:; and that he might belonging to their highnelfes, ,as well as to ,fend out Ihips to any other part, as he .private perfons, Ihouldl be ent~FeQ at the faw crohvenien~. cuftom-houfe both in Spain and ·the Indies, Whilft the · admiral continued at Sevil at- and whatfoever Ihould be f0und not en- rending the difpatch of'his affairs, he re- tered, to be confifcat~. The,admiral had ceived a letter from their majefties, dated direCl:ions, as foon ·as he ,aHiv'd at Hi- at Barcelona the fifth of September, direCl:- jpaniola, to mufter his men, and f0: at other ing, that before his departure he Ihould times as he thought fir, and to order their . cauf~ , to 'be drawn 'a fea chart, with the .pay; 'and he had power to appoint Alcaldes rumbs, and all other particulars for the ~hd Alguazils, that is~'_~magiftrates in l the v?yage to the Weft-~ndies, an~ preffi?g Iflands and.orhers parts, to tFy cliuf~s, both him tq." be gone fpeedlly, promlfing him civil and ·criminal, from ~ whom appgals 'great 'matters, for as much as the impor- might lie tohimfelf; and when aldermen, tance of that difcovery appeared daily 'common-council men ,I and other officers to be of greater confequence; and as yet were to be appointed for the governrrient nothing w,as concerted with thA ki-:g ot of the people, or any town that was huitt, Portllgql, though it was hoped he '{ould he Ihoulrl name three for ' every place, hearkel1 to reafon. The admira! 'aufed out of ,w hich their hig~neifes might c~ufe abljfldance 'of plants to be Ihipp'd, as alfo one; but for the firft time he. was allowed wheat, barley, oats, rye, and all forts of to chufe them himfelf, ' All proclamations grain; '~ows, brick, lime, and·o ther ma- made were to be in thei,r highnelfes names; terials: The men being Ihipp'd, and all as ,were all patents, 'injunCl:ions; -and' or- things in readinefs, rhe fleet fet fail from ders, figned by the admiral, counterfigbed the' bay.of Cadiz, on wednefday the 25'," by the fecretary, or clerk that drew them of · September, before fun-riling. He dl- and fealed with their highnelres feal ,on reCl:ed his , couree fouth·weft, for rhe Cana- the ' back. ' That as foon as . he landed a ry iflarids, came up with Gran Canaria on cuftoni·hollfe Ihould be built, to' Jay up wednefday the fecond, and on f.·uurday the 4 . . fifih fifth of OElober to Gbmera, where he fl:aid ' infl:ruC1:ions give'n him feal'd, dlreC1:ing the HRRRB''; two days, taking in wood, water and cat-' COtl1{e he wos to fteer, till he came to the 'I.,./'y'.J He; as calves, goats, !heep, and eight .country of king Gllacol1ngm'i, which they fows, at fevellty maravedies each; frolll were not to open unlefs feparated from whid\ all thofe there have been finte in Ilim by fl:refs of weather, becaufe he would the Indies have multiplied. They alfo not otherwife have that voyage commonly took aboard hens, other creaturCs, and known, left it /lIQuid be difcoverecl to' the garden feeds. . There each pilot had his king of Portugal. v C HAP. xVrI. : ft,!;:n poft; which furpnfed , them many of wHich came up to a man's wa fl:e; ally nqt knewing how ie !hould come :thi- On friday the eighth of No1Je?ilber, the in'- ther, l,,!l lefs drove by the weather frdm fpeC1:or ,reuurned with his men, and faid he the iCaiJQl'ies, or from HijpallilJia,' if it were had' ioft himfelf in the mighty woods an'd that.:beJonging ',to the adminiPs Ihip" 'loft -thickets, and could not fooner find the ·thero. .. Men' 'were '-fent a!hore 'again on ,VJay back. 'The admiral ordered him to tuefdAy; ' who ,took , tw'o youths; ' that by be puc under:a1'i'efl:, and weilt a!hore, where !figns llgave ' them' to underftand ,they be- in fqme lioufes: that were near at hand, he longed ,to' the inand of Borriquifli, and that fOIJhd cotto'n, bach fpun and unfpun, thofo ·of. 'Guadalupe were Caribbm, and 'and a ftrange fort)' of 106ms they wove ' it .kepc them ' to gat. The 'boats returnC9 'in. Ther~ were: aOliilciance of men's heads ,for. fame Spaniards, that had ftaid beliinif, -hung 'upiartd bafkets full of human bones, and foul)d thein with fix womCii ',' that-were the:choMes very good, . and berrer ftored , wid. ObJervatio'1s and Difwveries of I . ha . H ...... with provi!iol1s dun thofe in the iOands . . (IW fo m~ny iOllncls c10fe together, t t ~ difcovered the f1rft voyage. I they feemed not to be numbered, the largell: . On the lO,h of No-vember he coaltedl along of which he called St. Urjula, and the reft this f.~me iOaml of Guadalupe, towards the the 11000 Virgins, and then came up with 11000 north-weft, makirig , towards Hifpanio/a, another great one called Borriquen, but he r,r'll11', and difcovered a ver-y high iOand, which gave I. t t he name 0 f St . 'J hn B d0 aptI;Ja.· ,(I. t .IS aRn ' ,qP "tTl. Ifl,nds of ~e. · called Monferrate, becaufe it looked now carled St. Juan de Puerto Rico.) In a:nds. MQlljir. hke the rocks of that place. Next he found a bay of it to the weltward tbey took feve- raf(. San- a very round iOand, every way perpendi- ral forts of fifh, as fcate, ola~es, Pilchards. /a Maria cular, fo that there feemed to be no getting . There were many good houfes, tho' all of ~aR~on. up into it 'without ladders, and therefore timber, and thatched, witha fquare to them ~~ri:n:t Ije called it Santa Maria la Redonda, that .and a way fram it down to' the fea, keF.t Aliligua, is, Round St. Mary; to another 'he gave very clean and beaten; the walls of the SI, Mar- the name of Stllita Maria el Antigua, 4nti- houfes made of canes wove together like till. Santa ent St. Mary whofe coaft extended fifteen wattles, with greem on them very curioufly, Cruz. or twenty l'e agues. ,) Many more l.1 1an d s as is, ufed at Valencia in Spain. Near the appeared to the northward, very high, fea was a fort of open gallery, or balcony, wooded, and grc;en. He anchored at one that would contain twelve perfons, of the of thenl, and ~amed it St. Martin; and on fame fort of ItruCl:ure; but they raw no the 14'h of November, at Santa Cruz, or living creature, and fuppofed they were Holy Crofs. There they took four women . fled. On friday the 220 of the fame month, and two children; and the boat returning the admira l difcovered the firll: land of the m@t a canoe with four Indian men and a iOand HifpalJiola, on the north fide, de- woman, who fl:ood upon th@ir guard, and parting the utmolt point of St. 'John de Pu- 'the woman ihot :arrows as well as the men, erlo Rico, which ar~ fifteen leagues diftant. who wounded two foldiers, ·and the woman We h~ve here feen the firft difcovery of the ihot through a buckler. , They boarded the Caribbee iflands we defign to defcribe, but Canoe, which overfet, and one of the In" fhall proceed fomewhat farther upon thefe dialls difcharged his bow very vigorouO y firll: difcoveries, before we come to treat of as he fwam .. ;,Holding on their courfe, they them. {, J ' ,. .n C HAP. XVIII. I . Of the Negotiations relating to the Po[ruguefe Pretetifions; the Admiral arriws In . ' " , " , , ' the Ijland Hifpaniola, ' " .. \ ' T Hough the fixty days th~ king of Pore where it was exprefly mentioned~ that they . ' fugal had affigned were elapfed, their would not moleft him in the trade, com- ca~holick majefties fent Garcia ' de ',Herrera, merce, or country of Guinea, and its mines, a gentleman of their fami ly, to require them or any other iOands already difcovered, or not [0 commit any innovation. Prefently to be difcovered, from the Canary iflands after ;they fent the protonotary Don Peter forward towards Guinea; this being all he de Ayala, and Garei Lopez de Carvajal, could fay he had been poifeifed of and no brother to the cardinal de Santa Cruz, with more. And that it plainly appeared he had inll:ruCl:ions, to thank the king of Portugal fo underll:ood it, when he heard their high- for his good inclination.to pr@ferve the peace nefies; were fending Don Chriflopher Co/um- between them, and to remove all occafions bus upon difcovery, and he was fatisfied he that might difturb it l letting chern know, ihould fail all overthe ocean, provided he did that their ·intentions were the fame. and not go beyond the Ca1lary ifiands, towards that as to ' his I pretenfion to that part of Guinea, which was the place he ufed to the ocean, by grant from the fee apoftolick, fend his fleets to; and that when Don Chri- by poifeffion, and by the articles of peace, ftopher returned, and went to wai. up'on they were willing to admit of all.honour- him at Valparayfo, he feemed to Pc wel1- ·able means to continue the brotherly friend- pleafed with it, . ihip ,there was between the two crowns; . Their catholick majefties fo far jultified ·but that their highneifes were. fuJly fatisfied, their ,proceetiings, that they offered, in. cafe ,that nothing in the ocean belonged to king king John 'was not fatisfied with thefe. rea- John, but the iOands of Madera, the Azo- fons, they would be content to refer it to .res, thofe of Cabo Verde, and ,the· rell: he the decifion of. perfons nominated on both ,was then poifeifed of, with ;what was: then fides, and if they fhould not agr~e, an um- clifcovered from the Canary iOands; as far pire fhould beimmediatelynamed, or power as Guinea, with the gold mines there; and giV(lfl. to the arbitrators to name one; and all other commerce; which : was all that - if the king fllould think fit to have it be10flged to him by the articles of peace, debated out of their dominions, in the 'j. 4 Roman CHAP. 18. AmericabJ the ,:B:uropeahs. Roman court, or in any other indifferent of Portugal forbearing to fend to mai(e HE ...., ; place, they'would confent,and that any other any difcoveries in that part their catholick \./"y'""V metho~ might t:>e found t~ have it fpeedily majdlies pretended did belong to them; determmed eqUitably, their majellies never but the [aid king of fortugaz. fiill preffing defigning to invade the right of another. that thefe differences might be adjulled, They therefore directed, that the remon- the fame was afterwards done. ftrance of Lo'le de Herrera Ihould be rei" The admiral arriving on the iiland iiif-, The Ad:, terated, to the end there might none go out , paniola, as has been faid above, ll1ade the ~;,;al b~ upon difcovery towards thofe pares which ' firll iand on ,the north fide, where l1e fet ,~"nt .. belonged to their highnefTes; bUIll, to thofe alhore one of the Indians he brought out Ithe Portuguefes had before frequented; for of Spain, that being the province of Sama- , Ihould they proceed into other parts of the na, that he might tell the natives the ocean, it would be intruding upon the mighty things he had feell in Spain, and rights of others; and therefore he iliould induce them to enter into amity with th\! order proclamation to be made to that Chrillians. He readily undertook fo to do, effect throughout his kingdoms, under but was never more heard of, and it was fevere penalties, !ince their highnefTes were believed he died. Going on to point An- the firft that had began to di(cover that gel, fome Indians went aboard in canoes way; and the king oCPorttlgal's predecef- with provifions, and other things to ba~ter' fors had no other right to hold that as their with the Spaniards, Anchoring at MOllte own, which they were then pofTefTed of, Chrifto, a boat made to a river towards but their being the firft difcoverers; and the land, and found two men dead, the the kings of Caftile and Leon had never one a youth, . the other old, who had ,a any way obftructed thofe of Portugal, fince r~pe made of Spanijh EJParto about his neck" they took that courfe; fo that he ought to Ius arms ftretched out, and his hands ty'd obferve the fame method as their predecef- acrofS to a ftick; but they could not dif- fors had done to one another; the contra- cern, whether they were Chrillians, 0;'I n- ry whereof would be a pofltive infringing dians, which made the admiral conceive, of the peace there was between them, no much jealoufy, and troubled him. , The lefs than invading their kingdoms, or thari next day being the 2 ,6 tb of November, he as king John would refent it, Ihould they ,fent more men feveral ways : to hear wh~~ go about to take away any thing he was news there were .of thofe at the town of the pofTefTed of at the gold mines, or in any Nativity. Many Indians wen~ ~o talk witfi other countries, or iilands. ' , the S.paniards in all (~cur~ty: ,;rhey came u,f\ When thefe embafTadors departed the cl~fe to ther(!,' touched their,Lqoubiet; 'r~nd PQrlugu,jt court of their catholick majellies, Peter Ihlrt, faying, tubon, camifa, tqat is, doublet, ~mba!fa. Diaz, one of the king of Portugal's judges, Ihirt, to Chew they knew the qpanijh names, s;r~ In and Ray de'Pillna, a gentleman of his houf- which ' fomewhat c~mforted, the admiral , atn. hold, were already come to it ; and dif- and the moreJor that. the indian! were not courfing upon this affair, they propofed as a afraid, im~ginirg thofe ',:he left, in the , new proper method, that the ocean Ihould b,; di- town were.,not ; cjead. ':, .On wednefday the vided betwixt the twO crow.ns, by a ftralght 2yth, he came to an anchor at, the mouth line down from the Canaries to the ,we(1:- of ,the hilrbour of the , Nat\vity, , :About ward, and that all the feas, iilanus, and midnight. a canoe came;up to .the ad!lliral; countries from that wen:ern line to the north- and faid" Almirante" that is, admiral; the ward Ihould belong to the crown of Caftil. Spaniards , bid, them WiDe ' aboard" for hy and Leon; excepting the iflahds the king of was there,; bpt they, would not, till , they Portugal was then pofTefTed : o~ within , th~fe .law and ~new him. ' They g'J.ve hi,m , two 'limiC$; and that all the remamlllg feas; If- well wrought vizor F"a~ks, . ~nd/om~ gold lands and countries to the fouthward of they bro.ugi)t as ~ prefen\ f~om , t,he , ~.acique that 'iine; ' Ihould belong i to the king of Guacanagari. Bemg ~~~d; , con~ernl1lg, ~he :Portugal, excepting the ,Callary ,iilands, Chriftians, they faid fome ~d died o~ fic/<:- 'which appertained to the, cr()wn ?f .C{£fi.II§. ners, and others wer,e.:gllne , up the I l)land To which ' their cathohck , J1laJeftl~ an- with their ,wives. Th.e aclm\fal guelfe~J they fwered, That it was no ,ptoper meth9d, were all dead, but w,a~ /,\in, to' conlli,ye, becau[e nothing throughout all the ocean, and fent ,back the Indians ;With a,prefent of but what has been mentioned, belonged to brafs ba~bles'~ which',' they always put a the king of Portugal, and fo the ae:air great value on, and other toys for the remaif!ed undecided at that tIme, the kmg Caciqu~. VOL. V. 7 U CHAP. o,b Jerva#ons 1a na. Difcoveriel of • I \ ~ , I J 1 " I , ' ,I ~ :'I Icfhe ':Atimirallands, .ftnds't~e Spaniard~ all killed, 'and goes to vijit , King , , ,:, I .' " .. , 'Guaca'na~ari. ,,' , ," HE,~~'R.,. T' HE thurfday foll0':Ving all the fleet en.- Spaniards brought, who had,?een fent by V"Y",)" , ',ter'd the port; they fawthe fort burnt,,' the admiral, to' gee informatioh, and ' COUl- and th~nce concludeclaJl the Chriftlans w~re ' ihg to Guacanagari's town, found him ill of deaa,!, which troubled them;.' and the more : t-he 'wounds he had received, which he us'd for that no Indian appeared. The admiral ' as his 'excufe for not waiting upon the ad-;-' \vent ' illhore the next day ,:,ery mueh con- miraL ' " cerned, finding no b.ody to afk any quefti- , By what has been faid, and [everal other on of. Some things belonging tache Spa- a:ccounts, it appeared that there had been- niardsJay ahout, which was a melancholy' divilions among thofe Chrillians, which fight. ,:Columbus went up the 6ver with t~e; were occalioned by the Bifcainers; and that boats~' 'and ordered a well ,h e had made tn' had"they been united among , themfelves,' tlie fo~t to be c1eans'd; but nothi~g was founei a.nd .obeyed the admiral's commands, they in it, . the Indians fled from theIr houfes; fo would not have mifcarry'd. Guacanagari The Ad- that there was no man to enquire of; tho' fent'to defire the admiral to go vifi t him, mir.l viG,. they (out;ld fome of the Chriftians c1oaths,' he not being able to go abroad by reafon GuacaJlac arid fq he returned. They ~ifcovered feven of his wounds. The admiral did fo, . and gart. or,- eight ; men burle4 !lear' the fort, ' and the Cacique with a melancholy. countenance otpers,farther off, whom , th~y knew to I)e told him all that has been. faid,thewing him Chriftian~ by their c1oaths,J1t;ldthey feern- l\is wounds~ and thofe of many of his men '; ed~ not' to hqve been dead above a menth. which plainly appeared to be made by the VV~iHl: they wen: th.lIs feeki?g~b9I{t;' a~brqJ weapons the :lndiansufed, being darts tH~~,df Gua,cqnqg,art's came ",iEh ;fb.rne · In- pointed with ,fith bones. When the dif. t!il;ns, fiho .r~6ke ',-J:qme little, {lpanijh.; alia i!ourfe was ended, he prefented the admiral na:~d ~Il(thofe wl1.q- had heen left 10 th~ Wit,1i eight hundred fmall ftone beads, which fort:; by 'whoP1, WIth the 'affiftance of one' they fet a great value on, and call ~ibas, an i:pei!dwiral , brou~ht~ack outof Sp'ain,~ caF niindred . of gQld, a crown of gold, and led ~11,d"r~sCqlumbUJ:,:" th~y · were mforffled three little calabathes, or gouras, by'them (If' tbe dlfafter, ' '. -Tpey- declared" 'that as clllled ybueras, full of grains of gold, the foqn, li:~, the ~dl\lir~)was gOlle; ,theSpgniartlj whole weighing about two hundred pieces b~'gi~': ~o,,· ~1(~i?;t1e :amo!l!?, ~h~rnf~lves; : and of e,ight. ·The ,admiral gave', him feveral qlrQ~ey the1rljommander, - goi'ng outdlfor- &lals:' toys, " knives, fciffi.rs, hawks-bells. der!f ;to fei~~ what,' womel1 and ,gold they pi~s, neooles, rrand little .looking glaffes, had -a. ' mind tp '; th~tPeter- (jutterl'e:J,l . aDd which the Cacique thought a mighty treafure. EfciJved~ killed o~e '1\1c0i?te;J1 and' rhey wi£h Ife 'attended ,th6 admiral to hjs quarters, nine'~ o'th~rs ' wefi~ )aWliy 'wiffi" the ' 'we men a~mi'ring the, horfes, and how the men rna!" they," had · t;aken''' ahi;l '' thei'l' ''g6ilds;; to'' the naged theln . . ; There were feveialin the ar- l~ncj\; of a"Caciqde called Canntiho;'whO'was my;'and amoilg'ithem F: Boyle, 'who advifed. lO:idi ' ¢f th~ 'inllles; fand kill~dthem all~ tha;t Guacimagari 'thould be fecured, tilL he '!;pat :Come da.rs!a ftti C'annfloowent to ' the deared ·himfelfl better of the death of .the fdri ' ""ith a ~gr~at'11'tjrrilJer lof' lnefl,there Chri!l:ians';,who had been left in his charge,; 1i~;ln9~gne th~~.' i9 ;it" but ,the ctlmmandei' yet: he thought it not convenient, fince i~m.es 1,8e ,dranai ,: qn_~ fi::e r:noq~ ~£hat' ftay'cl !~ere' was "no' ;remedy for what , was plft, wldl hIm : to 'derend' ifl whIch 'heifet fire 'no .ind 'ie ·w.as ' notf' proper at . his ,firft feding i,,; ~ne ) night;" 1i'nd ' lhaX itliof~ JiVJ]'d ' wefe'lia ,~'n Ithe ':country" to ,ufe feverity." .. or pro- if; ~t.!iig , to the f~a;tli~fw,ere cjrcll&hed;-a'iid t1aim' ,war,; eefid~s that he deIigaed firft ,th., ~~ r~Jt dlf.e::rf~d' r t~e/rifeH~e~,~J tqf~~ghc:lUt ,t6" gain. fa~ .footing, fort,ify hiIT\felf" and th~:I(Ii\\\d, . ',1 'hat ::~I~~ , .Gudcq~ag{l'1 g!Jmg 'phitii-';c9Iol'lies; , and fo .examine. ~he matter outt!J 'fi'ghtCiJltrravo, lh 'defence'bf',rl'ie ChH- 'i!>y tleg£cJ!B;1a Hd in cafe the; Cacique were il:l.ul$ ' )'\va~ woundeq', ~nd n6e:'Ye~ ~e~Bvet'­ .idttiJld"gliilrY'it! would be feafol'lable at any 'ttW")kll. tnis ag:r~etl' w.i\h' ~heLa(;cbuiit [ofife ,titp(ift6 plIiiith ,him, . . : :( .!JJt; : .~ : .;'\~ I '! ',~ II! ·j{::)llI .' c :':~! '(II.',r'I,;l.r:I~J,: , r~ :u - -' .~ < · .~;;!w b:-ii) ( ,:\..", _ . ''5' ~~·:;'1~~61:j.:·;/'i!il~L; :i' :, I .\)" . ':.\,.:.;. .~ .. .'~) <.:'li;.! ~. ' .. ,.j j;. I; U '\ :C HA,P. CHAP. 20. America . by,t he Eumpeans. I c" C H A: P. . xx' " . " The Difference with the King oj Portugala4JlIfled > thi Admir'al 6uilds the Town oj lfilbe1a in the:l JIa,n d Hi(pailiola.' T HE imprtunity of the Portllgllefes in cafe it was required of them \ it does not U!nR'" made tr.eir catholick majel1:ies delirous appear to hav,e been performed" though it ~ to putan end to that conrroverfy, to which' is certain their cathollck majell:ies endea- purpofc, whm they were at 'f'ordejillas ,:,oured it; but the Porttlgue/es, who at there came thither as embaffadors from this time had conquered litdc beyond the that king Ruy de SOli/a, lord of Sagre, and. illand of'St. 'l'homas, under the equinoel:ial\ Birenguel, DOli John de Sou/a his fon, head that they might not be outdone by their regUlator of the weights and meafures , in. neighbours, applied themfelves fo earnell:L Portugal, and the licentiate Arias d' Amada,; I y to their bufiners, that they foon paJted judge of the hou (hold, all of king John'S that cape fo dreadful to the ancien ts, called council. T~efe joining w!th DOli Henry of Good Hope, which juts outs fo far into EllYlquez; hiS catholick majell:y's lord high: the fea. I ~mba~- neward, Don Gutierre de Cardenas, chief The admiral was now in the port of the ColumbuJ s;::noand commendary of Lton, !I1rt1-controller, \lncl Nativity, full of thought how he fhould reeks a Porlugnl doaor Roderick Maldonado, all of the king's behave himfelf to. give a good begi~n!ng b~,':;r to meet. council; both fides being fllfficiently em- to what ~e .had 10 l?and; and thmklOg build a powered to fettIe and adjuft this matter; that provmce of Manm a very low coun· town. by the points of the compafs,' or by way tty, and fcarte of ll:one, and other mate- of latitude, or longitude, or as they !hould rials for building, though it had good har- think fit: After many debates, and con- bours and water; he refolv'd to turn back [ulting of feveral cofmographers, admitted alohg the coaft ·tb the eall:ward, to find a to the congrefs, on the 7th of June this convenient place :tD build a town. With fame year 1493 they agreed, that the line this defign he faIled ouc on faturday th~ of di'(ifion fhould be drawn 370 leagues to feventh ot DeCClilber, with all his fleet, and the ,.well:ward of that mentioried in tlie anchored tliat evening near fome fmall pope's 'bull, from th~ i!lands of Cabo Yef' In~nds not far from Monte Chriflo, and the The clifFe- de, and that all to the well:ward of this next day, being funday, under the faied ~eiicd ad- meridian fhould belong .to the kings of mountain; and , imagining that Monte de JU e. CaJlile and Leon. and all to the eall:ward Plata was nearer to the prov.ince of Cibao, to the kings of Portugal ; fo that it !houle\. where he had been told the rich gold mines be free for the kings of Caftile to' fail thro' J were, which he, as has been faid, fancied th" fellS belonging to the king: of Portugal, to. be Cipango; he waS defrrous tiD . draw following their direct courfe. That what.; ne.ar to that part. The wind proved fo foever fhould be difcovered before the 20,h contrary, after he left Monte Chriflo, that of t~.faid' month of June, within the lirft he fuffeted. ver:y much, ' becaufe rhe men , qwo hundred fifty leagues of the, faid thre¢ ana horfes .were fatigued, and could not ' hundred feventy, ' fhould remain to the ·pro€eed to the port of Gracia ·or Grace; kings ofP ortugal, and whatfoever was wi~h· where M ar!in Alonfo Pin'ZIJn had been, and in . ,the' other hundred and twenty to tht is I)OW taJledi the river of Martin AlonJo, kings of Caftile for ever. That fr-om that being fiv~ or fix lleagues from Pllerto de time forward neither. fide fhoul9· fend !hips 'Plata, or pon',Plate; and was forced to o.ut ,of-thofe faid bGlunds to tr-ades. or bar! turp back three leagues, to a Flace where 1:I;r ; ' and that within · the term of ten a la:rge rivet falls . into the fea, forming a months an equal number of Ghjps, .. c0fmo~ gblld'·port,. tlh01,Jying open to the north- gUli'hers, and· feal.nen fhouldbe . fent on well:. He! landed' at an Indian town there; both fides, tp mark out the 1~J1e. and limitsl faw ai l delightfUl plain up the river, and 'l' here articles being engroffed, bef()~e· Fer: obferved rihat the faid river might be d,il'and .Alvarez d~ 'f'oledo, fee-retary·to thei~ drawn out into tr.enches to run through catLolick majell:ies, and' Stephen Bilez, feJ ther tdwn, ,and ,w ', place mills on, and o- cretary. to the l.ing of Portugal, were··lign. ther conveniences for' b .. ilding. He there- cd I;,y the former at Arevalo, . on ,nhe fecond fore , re(01"ed.,.ioc er-eCl: a town there, and of. lui"" and by tha king of Portugal at· ordered the mCIl> '-and horfes, both mudl Ebo~a, on the 27th of February;. the:fo1l6W~ fpent, to be lal1lded . . In this plaGe he be- iug year . .Though, their eacllblick. inajell:id gan 'to ' plant a colony, being the firft in Qn . t~e : 7th of May that famc ,yea.r, onllered the Weft -lndies, t which he would· hav'e cal- the . cofmographers, and oth.ers ' who wer~ led: Ifabela, . irll , honour of queen !fabe!, or to. draw the line of feparaoti0n to n,eet9 ' .).. 'THE fhips being failed,;)-and theadmi: Pi/a was 'arrefted, an information ' drawn' Origin of ral recovering of his ficknefs,"he \w~s up in forin 'againlt the admiral was found c.ommo- . informed, that fome who repented their in -the buoy of· OM of the fhips, which he t10~' Ii h Conrp"" having undertaken ·that ' voyage, had cno- alfo refolved to fend to ' their majelties.· :~~rnl~ 0 ~~tJ/;!j~ fen Bernal _de Pi/a for , their ; chief, ' ilnd Having ,queHed this mutiny, h~ prepared contrived eIther to fteal, o< or forcibly ·take to go with the beft men he had, ' to viiir away the, five remaining fhips,.' or fome bf the province 'of Cibao, and to carry with' them, to ' return to Spain. He ordered him labourers and tools to dig for gold,' Ben/al de Pi/a to ; be.fecured, and . .rent and materials to build a ·ftrong houfe, if with the proceedings againft him in a .fhip it fhould be requiiite. Accordingly he fer to , the king. Some of, the other confpi- out with colours flying, drunis beating, rator~· he .caufed to be punifhed,. and tho' trumpets founding, and his forces drawn it was not with the feverity , their crime lip, and fo he enter'd 'all towns, to gainre- deferved" yet his enemies took occaiioh putation among the Indians, who were fr~m 'tbence to tax him ,with cruelty. ' Fdr amazed 'at it, and to fee their horfes. 'He tim reafon, he :caufed the guns,. ammuni' depiirtedthe t9wn of I(abela on the twelfth rion" and other ftores.belonging t to · th"e of March, . leaving his brother Don James fou~ fhips, to be put aboard thel admiral, Columbus, a gentleman of a peaceable dif- under the guard Qf fucH perfons as he could ,pofition, ,and regular behaviour, whom confide in. This was.:the firft .mutinous he had brought over with him to govern attempt in .the Weft Indies" and the 'origi- the new town,' That day they marched He goo, nal of all the oppoiition lthe"admiral; and three leagues, and lay at the foot of a to the his Fucceffors met : with in ' thofe parts anb craggy pafs ' on the mountains; and the mine, of theIr pretenfions. As · fooh i as Bernal de Indial1 ways , being only narrow paths, he c,hll. fent CHAP. 22. America by tlJe EutopeaM. fent before the pioneers under the condua: lieving thlit had beel\ the cuf1:om among Ii" ••• .: of fome gentlemen to level the way, for them. Having cro(fed the river, the next ./""y""'J Pmlo de whIch reafon that was called el Puerlo de day, ih canOes and floats, and the horfe Hido/~os. los Hidalgos, that is, the gentlemen'S pafs. at the ford, a league and a half from it and Y'go On thurfday from the mountain, they dif- they found another river,. which they cai~ RIal. covered the great plain, which is one of Jed del Oro, or of gOld, becaufe they found Rio ,/,/ the find1: in tl"\e world, being eighty leagues fome grains in it; but the India/IS called' it Oro, or in length, ani, between twenty and thirty Nicayagua, into which three other brooks Nird)ng"' Over, and ic appeared fo beautiful, green, fall. The firft of them is BuwiC1tfli, which and delightfu l, that the men thought them- the Spahiards named Rio Seto, or dry river; rdves in Paradif', for wh ich reafon the the fecond, Coalelticu; the third, Cibu, all 'admiral ca lled It Vega Real, or the Royal which proved extraordinary rich in the Plain. ComIng down from the mountain, flneft gOld, and the prink wealth of Cibao. they crofs'd the plain, which is there five Having pa(fed this rivet, he came to a leagues over, palling through feveral towns, town, moft of the inhabitants whereof where they were kindly received. fled, and thofe that remained, having fet . Coming to the great river, by the In- fome canes actofs at their doors, thought dians called Yaqui, which is as wide as the themfelves fafe. The admiral feeing their iverof Ebro at '1'orlofa, th~ . admiral ' called it -??-io fimplicity gave orders that no wrong ihould ~ de las Canl1as, or nver of canes, forgettIng be dOne' them, which made them take cou- o~::o:;or thac the firft voyage, when he was in the rage and come out. He Went on to ari- faqai. mouth of it, he had given it the name of · other river, which for its delightfulnefs Rio del Oro, or golden river, where it falls was called Rio Verde, or green river, the RioYmlt. into the fea near Monle Chrifto. They all bottom and banks whereof were covered' lay that night well' pleafed, on the bank with finooth pebble-ftones, almoA: round. of this river. The Indial1J they brought On faturday the 15th, they pa(fed by 0 - with chern from the country about the ther towns, where they alfo thought it a town of Ifabela, went into the houfes of fufficient defence to crofs canes before their thofe towns they pa(fed through, and took doors. Next they came to a pafs, which what they found, as if it had been in pub- they called of Cibao, becaufe the province lick, the owners being very well pleafed, ofC:ibao commences on that fide at the top and they went to the quarters of the of It. . Chriftians, and took what they liked, be- C HAP. XXIi. The Admiral contintles his Progrefs, builds the Fort of St. Thomas, and returns to the T!Y'.1Jn of Ifabcla; great Sufferings of the Spaniards. PIoneers were fent before to make way after they undetl1:ood it pleafed him. He thro' the paIS, and carriage horfes re- was then eighteen leagues from lfabela, and turned from hence to Ifabela for provifions, difcovered feveral gold mines, one of cop- the men as yet not reliihing thofe of the per, one of azure, and another of amber; country, On the top of the pafs they had of which two there was but little: for again a delicate profpeCl: of the plain, for which reafon, and becaufe the country is above forty. leagues on both fides. In very craggy, fo that the horfes could not Cibno pro· fine, they entered Cibao, an uncooth pro- well travel it, he refolved to build a ftrong vince. vince of high rocky mountains, called Ci- houfe for the fecurity of the Chrifl:ians, bao, from Ciba, a ftone. It is full of a- and that they might thence fubdue the pro· bundance of rivers and brooks, and there vince, He made choice of a fpot of ground is gold in all of them; but there are few on a hill, almoft encompaffed with :l river green trees, the land being very barren, called Xanique, which tho' it yields not unlefs in the bottoms on the rivers. It a- much gold, is nearer many that have bounds in tall fpreading pine-trees, whicn plenty. The fort was made of mud and bear no pine-apples, but fo ordered by na- timber, and a ditch was drawn where the ture, that they look like the olive trees of river did not enclofe it. ' The name of Axarafe at Sevil. The province is every SI .. '1'homas's fort was given it, becaufe the where healthy, the air temperate, the wa- men would not believe that iiland afforded ters fine and pleafant. Little grains of gold, till they faw it. . . gold were found in every brook, though , In the foundation of this fort they found . fometimes large grains have been found. nefts of {haw, which looked as if they Nelhw.'th The India11J came out at every town to had been laid ' there few years fince, and ~~n" . In meet the admiral, with prefents of provi- in them, infread of eggs, three or four em. fion, and grains of gold they had gathered round frones, as big as oranges. Don VOL. V. 7 X PIIIY 630 OhfertzJat.ions ani Difcoveries oj I HBUBRA Piler Margarile,a Calalonian gentle~an, was gree with all confl:itutions; and what was ~ left governor of the fort, with fifty fix men l worfe frill, they had 'no body to help and and the admiral returned to the . town of attend them. IfabeZa, where he arrived on the 29rh of Many men well born, who had never \ , March, found the men much fatigued, undergone fuch hardlhips, feeing no hopes many dead, and thofe who were in health, of red refs, as being fick and ftarving, died • di(confolate, fearing every hour to follow impatiently, and almoft in defpair; which them, and ft;i1I the more ficken'd, as .the gave ocafion, that after thi\ town of lfa- provifions failed, and the allowances were bela was abandoned, it was r~orted there fhortned; and this was partly occalioned were dreadful noifes heard in 't/w: place. by a great quantity being fpoiled, through fo that none dud!: go that way. .. .. the fault of the fea-captains; befides that, Whilll: the admiral was under thii a~\ thofe which were landed in good c;:ondiriol\ f1iction, he received advice from fort SI. could not keep long by reafol\ of tlie heat 'Thomas, that the Indians abandoned their T •• Illii. anc'! dampnefs of the country. The meal towns, and that the Caeique of a certain '!!!' • begia being near fpent, it was requifite to make province, whofe name was Caonabo made to tlfe. a mill for grinding · of the corn, :lnd the preparations to reduce the fort. He im- labO.uring people being fick, the better mediate! y fent thither feventy of the heal- ~ort were obliged to work, which was thieft men, and the beath of burdeij laden moIl: grievous to them, i!fpeciaBy wanting with provifions, and arms, and as many food. This misfoFtune forced the admiral mo~e of the other men as ~e-aluld, le,aving to ufe {;orqpl!lliioll. that the people might behmd only the mechamcks, appomting . . n!l~. periili, rather t'han carryon the pub- Alofifo de Ojeda for their captain, with or- n·ft f: f licK works, and this rendered him odIOUS. derstqhim to ll:ay in the fort, and Don Peter th~ S~;n~. Hence F. 1;1oyl began to beincenfed againll: Margarile to take the field with the ll:rong- or"- . the admiral, charging 'him with crudty; ell: he could, [0 march about the country, tho' others fay his averfion proceeded from and fh'ew the lndians the ll:rength of the 4is not aUowing him and his fervants fo Spaniards, that they might know they l;lrgely as he defired.Thus neceltaries were to fear, and obey them; and this gre'w hourly more fcarce, not only among particularly about the Vega Real, or Royal thofe that were in health, but among the Blain, where there was an innumerable fide; for fometimes five ofihem that were multitude of natives, and many lords, or purged had but an egg apiece, .jnd ap ot Caciques i as alfo that the Spaniards might of boiled Spanijh peafe; to which may be ufe themfelves to eaE the country provifions, added the want of medicines; for though fince the Spanijh were near fpent. ' fome were carried over, they did hot a-. C H aIJ~ ret\lmed with their equi- in the iiland HiJPaniola feemed to bera- page . to the. tpwn" for which the Cacique €ifi.ec'!. for the prefent, and the admiral re- Was ,fo far f(9)ll ,'punilhing them, that1he folved [0 fet:out upon difcovery, as he had A council kept the baggage, ., A.nQth~r Clftique of an- been directed by their catholick majefties, to.gov~rQ odier town, feeing thofe above 'ine!ltioMd, and his own ,inclination, averfe to idlenefs, Hifpan ../ . carrit;ll away ,prifonc;rs, went away wjth dictated. For the better government of the'll' believing he might prevail upon the ~he iiland he confticuted a council, whereof ·admlral ,in . their behalf, on account of !lis brother Don 1ames ColumbllS was ap- fp'ne gqod tq~ns he had done theSpllnitilfds; pointed prefident, the counfellors were fie, as . foon as they came, ordered. their F. Boyle ', Peler Ferdinandez Coronel, ., .... _ 4 the CHAP. 23. America hJ the Eutopean'si the chief Atgllazil, or officer of juftiee, that many canoes followed the !hips, HERRERA Alonfo Sanchez de Caruajat, and John de gi\>ing fuch things as they had , and rc- \./'.('J Luxan. DOli Peter Margarite with the ceiving what the Spaniards gave them witl\ forces he had, being above four hundred great fatisfacbon. The wind being always men, was ordered to march over all the contrary Coillmbus refolved to return to inand; and the admiral gave them all fuch Cllba, to be fatisfied whether it was ail. in!hu/}ions as he thought moft convenient. inand or continent. This faine day, being Then leavinf. two Ihips in' the harbour to the 18th of May, an Indian youth came to ferve upon a ', 'y exigency, he failed out to tIle Ihips~ defir}ng by figns they would C~/u,.hu, the weftward, on thurfday the 24th of take hun 'along In them; and rho' h,s pa- fd"ilCsc ouvpeo,yn, A.r:p n·t," W.It h on'e great !h!' p, an d two cara- rents and ldndred, 'with tears; lrltreated i vels. He proceeded to MOllte Chrijlo, ahd him not to , go, they cou,ld not prevail, the port of the Nativity, where he enquired but he rather than fee them weep, hid him- for Guacanagari, but tho' they told him {elf in the privateft parts of the !hip. he would foon corhe, did nor n 'ay for him. That fame day, the x8 th of May, he Cape tlil Then he advanced to the inand Tortllga, came up '0,0 the point of Cllba, which he Cruz in and the wind proving contrary returned to called Cabo de Cruz, or cape crofs, and run- Cuba. anchor in th~ river he called Guadalquivir. ning along the coaft with much rain, toun- On the 29th of April he reached port St. der and lightning I met many !hoals, which NIcholas, whence he difcovered the point of perplexed him; ard the farther he advanced, the Wand Cuba, which he nalhed Alpha the more fmall inands he met with, fome and Omega, but the Indians call it Bayati- of. them all fand, others full of trees. The quiri. ,nearer they iay to Cuba" the higher, g~een. Coaft, a- He crofs'd the i1:reight betweel1 Hifpanio- ner, and more beautiful they appear'd, fome !oDgCuba'./a and Cuba; which i~ eighteen leagues being a league, fome ' t)\'o, rome three, over from land to land, and beginning to and fome four in compafs. The firft day coaft along Cuba, on the fouth fide difeo- he difcovered them he raw many, the next PHtr/' vered a large bay, which he called Puerto many more; in fil0h they were numboc- Grandt, Grande, or great h~rbour, the mouth of lefs, and th~re b~ing no giving. a name to it being a hundred fifty paces wide. He every one, he ,called th~m, ~t JJJtdeli de ta Jard;. tie anchored there, and the India/IS came in _Reyna, tlie Q!jeen's Garden, .There wete la R2na canoes brInging much lilli. On funday channels between them" which the !hips Inan •• the jlh of May he proceeded farther, hour- could pafs through,: and inJorrie pf them ly ditcovering very notabIe h~rbours. fte they ,found a fort pf bird~ like red cran~, faw high mountains, rivers falling into the whIch ,are only to be feen in Cuba and thefe rea, . and keeping clore to the land,. infinite {mall inands, living only on the fait water, - iiumbers of Indians reforted to the !hips in and fomething they find in it; and when the'if canoes, carrying provifions gratis, . as any . of them are kept i~ Ple hO\lfe" they belieVing the Spaniards came from heaven, feed them with ca;t;a~i, ,which is !he lndian , and the admiral always gave th~m toil'S bread" ina, p~n of falt ,and ~ ..t ~.r. There ",itll which they went away extremely fa- were abund~~e of ,ortojfes, . as pig as large tisli,o, fhofe Indians he had with him who bucklers; They faw cranes; like thofe in had beer} in Spain, . fpeaking., kindly to $train, ,crows land feveral fom of linging them. He refolved to turn to the fOllth- birds, and the iOands exhali:d flveet odouts. ealt, beca ufe he there difcovered an iilan~, They difcovered a 'canoe fuB ef fi!h'etmen, :ramn;(~ Whi~h was Jamaica, and (orne believ~ it who ftood fj:ill'witlibut any token! of feat, d,Cco,e, J. might be that the Luca,o India/IS to oft~n e*petting the a,pprqach of. the Chtifbians. fpoke of by the name of Babeche, or Bohio. They fi!h,ed ,on" and took fome filhes they , Monday the urth of Ma~\ he ~ame upon call rnJes, the .Iargeft whereMi' are abou.t Revu, ' 'the co aft of Jama,ica, whIch he th(ju~ht the lize of"apil~hard, .h;aving a roughnefs rmil! Mli- the beautifulleft illand of ,all he had y~,t on the belly, ,which when dung to any es, catch [een, and infinite numbers of canoes came thing, they m",y ,be iboner tom in pieces to,tOICe •• to the iliips, The boats being fem tb found ' than remoyed fr.om th~ place. They t}l'd ahd find out a port, abundance of armed thefe by t,he tail; with a fmall cord, t~o canoes came out to hinder rh~ landing 'of dJul1dred fathom. more or ;lef$;- in length, ,th~ Spaniards. The admiral. went olf to and. . the fill:!Jwirnming along on the fur- another place; ,~hieh he called Puertq)u~, fate' of the water, ot near it~ when it came no, or good port, where. the fame"oppqfi- ,whe,e there, were any .rottoifes in the fea, ,tion was made, and therefore he fent a clupgto thclr. . onder Ihell, fo th~t the ' men volley of arrows out of the crolS-bows at drawing phe ftifng took a tbrtoife, ,weigh. them, wherewith fix br., feven beipg irg,·,an hun~red weIght, ot more. In the wounded, the .relt came peai;eably jto " t~e fi'memanner ,they take fuarks, moft fierce fhips. The next friday he , {ailed !llong the ;Tt})'d*c r~v(!lo).1~ , c.reatures., that devolir men. coaft to the weftward, 10 ncar the ili~fe; fifumg beupg, e'ver;,the Indtalls carrie . aboard ObJervations arid DiJcoveriej of HERRERA aboard the /hips, the admiral ordered they yet the /hip often touched, and fluck, V"Y"-J /hould have toys given them, and, was in- and caufed much labour to get her off. formed there were'many more i!lands for- He found an i!land larger than the reft, and ward. He held on his way weftward among called it Santa Marta, in which there was the i!lands, with heavy rain, thunder, and a town, abundance of fi/h, dumb dogs, ,lightning every evening, till the moon was great flocks of red cranes, parrots, and up'; and tho' all imaginable care,was taken, other birds; and the peopk~ed for fear. '\ C HAP. XXIV. \ The Admiral underflands that Cuba is an ijland; how much he fuffered a/inn/!., this Voyage, and what happened to ,him with an old Cacique. ' I T HE admiral wanting water, refolved they now call Ijla 'de Pinos, or the I!1and Cbafl oC to leave the fmall i!lands, ' and 'draw of Pines, fo that there was not much want- ~ ' Cuba. near to ,Cuba. By reafon of the thidknefs ing to 'difeo'ver the fanher point of Cuba, of the ; trees,. there was no difcovering, being but abo,ut thirty fix leagues; fo that whether there were any towns, or not; but he failed upon ,this difcovery three hun- a failor going alhore with a ' crofsibow, dred thirty three leagues. Computing his met thirty men armed ;.vith fpears" and voyage by aftronomical rules, from Cadiz Illazanas, which are the wooden fwords to the , weftermo!t part of Cuba he found they ufed. This feaman faid, he faWone he had failed 75 degrees in longitude, which among them who had a white tuniclc, or amount to five hours in the difference of 'garment down to his heels; but ,he could time. not be found, tho' fought after, for It hey On friday the -I3" of June, he turned all fled. Proceeding about ten leagues to to the , fouthward, and taking through a the weftward, they fpied houfes, whence channel he thought the beft, found it unpaf- forne men came in, canoes, brjnging ,pro- fible, which difcouraged the men, feeing vifions, and .calaba/hes ,full of water, for fo much danger, and confidering they want- which the' admiral returned ~ toys. He de- ed- provifions; but by the admiral's con- iired they would permit him co take' an In- trivance, an4 refolution, they got out the dian along to /hew him' the way, and (orne fame way they came in, and returned to' particulars; and tho' unwillingly, they con- the EVlmgflilfs i!land. He departed thence fented. This man almoft .fatisfied ' him to the north-weft, to view certain iflands, that Cuba _was a,n i!land', ~ndi thac the king whieh app'eared a little above five leagues of it farther along the weftern c6aft, only off, where they fell into a fea that was full talked to his peopled , by figns, and was -of green and' white fpots, looking as if it Several obeyed by them. ' Holding on their 1\'ay, were all /h'oals, though there were two colours in the /hips came upon a , bank of fand, fa thorns of water.- At feven leagues dif- the Cea. which had 'one fathom water" ana was two 'tance'they came into a very white fea, which /hips length over. Heret~eY' were in 'looked as if it had been condenfed. Seven great angui!ll, being o~liged with ' mu~h 'leagues farther , they found another rea, as difficulty to ply all their capftains; to' wind 'b)aek as ink ' which was five fathom deep, them over into a deeper channel. Thefe~ -and failed thro' it till they came upon Cuba, was all covered with mighty' , tortoifes. ' A '1;hi:' [ailors being milch amazed to fee fueh ,flight of fea crows, like a !c1oud, paired 'changes in the fea'i which is certainly con- Vaflover them, darkning the fun, coming from 'c!lJded to proceed from the bottom's beingof ~:~;,tsa~~ the1fea; and _ ~lighting on Cuba. No lefs that colour, and not the water, as the Por- butterflies numbers of:'plgeons, fea-gulls" , and other tuguifes affirm 'of the Red·,Sea ; and f uch f pots , forts of birds followed ' after 'them. ' The 'have been fe'en in the fouth and north feas. , next day fuch ' multitudes of' butter ' flies JAinong the windward iflands there are other came to the /hips, that th~y hid,' the liglh 'white fpots; becaufe the bottom is white, of the fun, and held till night, when ' the fa that it proceeds from the tranfparency. 'great' rains carried them away. 'The In- ,He departed Cuba ro the eaftward, the dian infbrmihg that the i!la?ds contin,ued wind fcant, tl)rough channels full of /hoals ; all along that Iway, fa that the danger , 'anq on the :30,h of June the admiral's tbip 'and toil would encreafe; when at the famb ft,lick 'aground; which when it could not be -tiine provifions began to 'fail,~ th~ 'admir.i'l drawn"off- aftern with anchors and cables, ,thought fit to return to HiJPtiniola: To flirl. was"forced ' aw~y ahead; by the admiral's' nilh 'himfelf with wood andw'ater, he 'made ingenuity. He proceeded, holding no re- to an ifland ' about thirty leagues; in c;com~ 'gular courfe, but as the channels and flloals pafs, which he , called the IEvangeli/f, and would perl1jit" through a very white Jea, ,feemed to be'!about feven hundred leagues 'and had great ' /howers of rain every even- 'from Dominica, and is fuppo[ed: to be that ing. He drew near to the land of Cuba , 4 about America by the Europeans. ' about the place where he came on fidl: to that every man fhall be thete rewarded, H .... u the eall:ward, where they fmelt moll: fra- according to what he has deferved here, I../YV grant odours, as of ll:orax proceedincr you will do no harm to thofe who do from the wood the Indians b~rnt, On th~ you none. What you have done here Th.,dmi- 7th of 7ltly, _h e went afhore, to hear mafs, is good, for 1 take it to be a form of cral' r'h .", and whlHl: It was faying, an old Cacique returning thanks to GOD. He faid, he In came to the place, who obferved every had been in HiJPalliola, 'Jamaica, y , hi~ Portugal , being adjufled ; .. and as for ,the : 'broth~r E4rlholimiew Columbus, ' giving,him 'government of the : people there, their . ~ 'th'eici tgarik<~ for , hi~ toils; pronjifi.r.g al;- 'highne,fres a.pprovtd of what he had prac- , .: ,wayso ,t,oJ~l?pwt .. hl,~' '-' ~?pre!lin~' ,much tifed till then, and dirtCl;ed he fhould can. , , ~ -..~ cile feemed to amount to 100000 to maintain all the people in Caflile, p,o- them ,men. The admiral's brother gave tbe firft vided he would demand no gold of him; routed. . charge, and men, horfes, and dogs' aCl:ed becaufe his fubjeCl:s knew not how to ga- fo vigorouny, that they were foon routed, ther it; bu t the admiral being a lingle great numbers nain, and the prifoners be- ftranger, and as fuch not acceptable ' to ing no fmall number condemned to ferve their catholick majefties minifters, and as naves; many whereof were fent into wifely concluding that he muf!: be fupport- Spain, in the four fhips commanded by ed by the treafure he fent over, preffed Antony de 'I'orres. The admiral ranged for gold: he was of 'himfelf a good about the inand 'nine or ten months, fe- Chriftian, ' and feared Gbo, and therefore verely punifhing thofe he found guilty; moderated the tribute, perceiving it could and meeting with fome oppolition from not be paid, which made fome abandon Caonabo's brothers, who made their utmof!: their houfes, and others range about from efforts, till finding themfe!ves too weak, one province to at:lother .. Thefe hardfhips; both they and Guarinoex, who were the and the want of hopes that ever the Chri- prime kings in the inand, thought fit to ftians would leave the country, becaufe fubmit to the admiral. there were no !hips in the harbour, and He perceiving that all the towns were now they built ftone and mud houfes afhore, brought under their obedience ,to catholick affiiCl:ed the Indians, who a{ked, whether Fiill tri- majefties, ordered they fhould pay tribute, they ever ' intended to return home; and tboztel paid after this manner; that all the inhabitants e having found by experience, that the Spa-of Cibao, the Vega Real, or Royal Plain, niards were much greater eaters than them~ • I4nl. and others near the mines, from fourteen felves, and thinking they only went thither years of age upwards, fhould pay a little to eat, and perceiving many of them were hawkiliel full of gold every three months; lick, and wanted provillons from Spain, all other perfons a quarter of an hundred feveral towns refolved to find fome means weight of cotton each, and only king Ma- to put a ftop to thefe i,irowing evils, con~ nicalex gave monthly half a gourd, or ca- triving they fhould all either perial, or.re; labafh full of gold, whic~ wa~ worth ISO turn into Spain. .. , , C HAP. XXVIII. Their Catholick MajeJlies hearing flme Mifinformations againfl Columbus, (end Jo hn Agu~d0 to enquire into the Truth; he behaves himftlf infolently, ani the Admiral refllving to return into Spain', ereas :feveral ne'lN For.ts. I , ~r HE bef!: expedient the Indians could allowed to hunt, fi!h, or feek provilio~s; The Indi- think of, to be rid of the Spaniards, lying hid in the damp grounds along and d.; .1/1 de- was not to fow, that there might be no the rivers, and on the mountains, a vio- f!roy fign to harveft, they themfehres withdrawing into lent dif!:emper , ca~e among them, which, };I:;~ ~arv~ ~e the mountains, where there is plenty of together WIth the wars, by the year 1496 pantar.l, good roots to eat, that grow without plant- carried off the third part of the people ing, and vaft numbers of Ulias, like rab- in the inand. ' bits, with which they might iliift_ This F. Boyl, and Don Peler Margarite before contrivance availed them little, for tho' mentioned, as they agreed to go away to- .' th~ Spaniards fuffered to extremity, through gethe~, w,ithout leave" fo they )oine? in ~I~~O;~~~~ ,hunger, and ranging after the Indians, yet fpeakmg 111 of the IndteS, and dlfcredltlng the a~mi­ they went not away, but many died, hun~ that enterprize; ,becaufe they did not fi.nd ral. ' ger obliging them to eat filthy and loath, gold ,laid , up in 'chefts to lay hold on, ,or fame things; fo that all the calamity fell growing on the trees. They alfo gave an upon the indians themfelves, through the account tllat the admiral dId not behave jnfcrutable judgments of. Goo; for they 'himfelf well, as not having been full fo,:r wandering about with their wives and chV- 'months in the in and Hifpaniola, after hIS 'dren, pinched by hunger, without bdng fecond voyage, till he returned from his , VOL.V. --- _ . . 7 Z , - 9ifcovery '638 / 1t'~'~R~ difcovery of c16'a;' ahd thetebeing' other 'hands, and at laft the affidavit ' wasmad~ ~ letters agaiilft him; ',frOill thofe who went :verl favourable for the admiral. ' in ' the fOlir !hips "u iider:A,nton'f de 'retjuiring -rhe 'Mtarres' t6' 2qm'e' to :The' Ca(iqt~sfii\d'ing themfe!ves lTIuch bur- IlLS '. houff.co' make it ( ' but , riley 'in:fifted den'ed' wi~h' the taxes, detlaml 'to the 'ad'- 'rHa che- flr01i1tl' reRd them' 'in' 'his" vodcl\e~, 'mil'aI, that' tRere were good' gala' min'es: Co :.w .J ,lfch hze faid; ' 11'e could not-, tt..U ff i'n' theh- :~ire' fouthward, ' aa.vi'fing him to' fend' 'hi~ .~- , • C/lrrfi'ians Chriltians to reek them, and the adtnrtaiJ ca!'l1~ to' a great river called Hayrli, a 'ire'- H ER RERA being concerned to find ""uch of it to . ry fertile plil'ce; wh~re' they were told there '-V"--J fupport his tepuration, and this happerlln'g wa~ ,lnuch ~oll&, ant! in , all the brooks, opportunely, when he w~s about retu'rrl" '\vP-l1th they l<:tilld true; for digging in fe" , ing to Spaih, he fent FranCis de Garay, veta',' places' It pr'Ovecti ,fo well, that .ol1'e :md Michael Diaz, with fome men, aI\d l a:b6~re r could t,rTl.e 'UP- above' three pie'd~s the guides ptovided by the India)/S. They of e)ghr eve!'! day', Tl1efe mines tl1z1 N:w rich went (r"Om tl\~ town of lJtlbela, to t&e Mag~ called SI, ChrijlripYJer's, from a forr' tlle ad- mines. daleh fort, -" ld thence tolhe Conception, all mira! feft orders to bu'i'id; but they were the w~~ ,etth'eRoyal.Plall'r, I'henthtol'l~h a:ftetwl!!rds' called the oTd min'es. ' At tllis 1 pars on the mountaInS; two leag 'u'es Ili ti'rile {orne' irihlibitatr- as' p'artictl'Iarl'y Alo/tld d't cJjeaa; in' 1499', ner, therefore that we' may not l'ir~k olf lI'n{l' With tlkpt went Americu1 VtJpttjltis , who abruptly the reft of that g reat man's a~­ 'as' h&~ ll'\iec pl'ace: To' r'etU1'/i' to' Colum'bus, at h i~' re-~ 'I'neritioned ina'hds-, and draw' ftwelve ov hundred houfes, be fides many fine ones all fifttx:n ,hundr.ed, li:v,ing on the coall: of St: about the country. All this, together with Vinant ·ar.dlecl ·thither ·fmm :the neighbour- the roundnefs of the iOand, the evennefs of ing'ifih,rids, and ,efpecially from Barbadoes; the land, which is pretty high, without w.hence .they · 'made their efcape with a hills or mountains, the great variety of f:iir. J·wind in ·their mafrers canoes. -The trees, the curious hedges and the many other fide ,is ,peopled by ·tw{) or ,three ,thou- wind-mills, affords a delightful profpeCi: in fand ' Indians; ,who .orade wioh thofe about failing along the 'iliore, as we did in our the 'Fiver (J)rono~ue, ·on the ' continent, go· paiTage frQm CaYC1lne. There are alfo fe- .ing o:ver ,ih their piraguas or large canoes; vera!. fons on ·the coall:, for its greater fe- as ~l1'ey. do to a,ny ()thor ffit1ands ,in the gulf curity. of Mexico; a.nd. what is ,frrangofr, they This is obfervable, that there are no feldom mifcanyby foul weather, ,but are T.iv-er~, and ·yet there ,is no ~vant of [reili commonly aware 0f ·hur.ricanes a conlide- -water, which is every wh.ere to be :had .rabl(l · time before .they come. Thefe two without digging very deep. There is a 40.rt8 of inhabitants being 40 numerous, fufficient frock of cartel and poultry. A take\care to till their lands, that they may . ·prodigious quantity of fugar is yearly Sugar. afford, them · fufficient povilions, which hr0ught from ~hence, and 'better than that makes it look like a 'very fine' c0untry in of vhe French ifia,nds nell' to it. Some is failing .by, at about ·balf a leagtle cliftance. refined 'there, of which there are two forts, It abounds in fruit,fowl, ~oats ,and fwine.. aHd three of ,the mofcovado. ' The multitude of black fiaves kept in BARBADOES, the ifioand has feveral times brought the lEnglifh inhabitants into danger of being So commonly called by the Englijh, but malfaered; thofe wretches having feveral 'more, .properly Barbada,beil'lg the name times confpired againft their mall:ers, and .given ;it by the Spaniards, who were the .particularly a few years ago, when their -firft (H[eoverers Iyes in '13 clegrees20 mi, defign was difcovered but a few days be- 'nutes 'north latitudel and ·is between twen- fer.e it was to have been put in execution; ty and thirty leagues in compafs( twenty feveral of the ringleaders were put (0 mof!: five leagues difrant eall:ward from Santa cruel deaths, and fome hundreds made their Lucia, and fomewhat more from Marti- efCllpe to the ifland of St. Vincent, as has ·nico. :. . The Englijh have been polft!/fed of been before obferved, where they continue it lince · the year I6'l.7' and fo well ' im- to this dar among the Indian inhabitants. proved the foil, that it is become the moll: ,Since thel1, fuch order has been taken, that wealthy colony they hav!! in Amtrica, be- we have not heard of any mutiny. ing extraordinary populous, and having a The ifland is divided into eleven pariilies, ; very . grea t trade, not . onl y to Great Bri- and has fourteen churches and chapels, . be- · lain, but to North America. It is f4id to ing again fubdivided into many plantations, cOl)tain 10000 Whites able to I?ear jlfms, ·fome great and fome fmall, the whole con- bef}de '40000 Blacks employed about the tinent of it being reckoned about 126000 plantati0ns of fugar, cotton, indigo, gin- acres, naturally fortified with rocks and ger and other fruits, which make the wealth ilioals on the north and north-eall:, w~e(e of the ,i nhabitants, many of whom are very fPips can only anchor at two or three pla- .rich, ~nd live very decently. There are ces; but for the fOllth-eaft and well:erly · abunc\ance. of fine houfes builu with brick part, it is all a long road, where iliips and frone, well furniilied, and a confider- may ride, efpecially j~ four principal pla- able number of w~lI fllrnilhed iliops, ef- ·ces or ba ys. The' c1uef of them IS called BrUge pccially i~ fJridge 'l"O'T,I)n, otA~rwife called CarliJIe bay, in the fouth-well: part of the 'fOfJJn, St, Michael's, which is the capital, the re- ifiand, about the middle of it, a very good · lidence of the governor, the magiftracy, 'road, where five hundred iliips of any bur- the garifoFl, and feveral ~minent merchants den may be fafe, except from fouth and 4 welt the Cci,ribbee Ifland/: - well: winds, which very feldom blow in Martinico. This il1and is ill 14 degrees HRRlBRA thofe parts, being generally eaft, inclining of north latitude, and about twenty' lea-gues ./"('V either to north or fauth, and therefore -the in compafs, high, ],~nd divided into plains - - - eaft part of the iOand is called the wind- and mountains ctiv~~ed with wood I are ward, and t,he weft the leeward part. reckoned good, 1:J¥t:(carce habitable, by There alfo lIes SI. Michael's, or Bridge rea fan of a muI~_i~4I1e _of ferpents," -of thl: 'Town, wlt~ \"e two forts at the points a- fame _f ~rt and as I iin,'Othous}S" thofe Jp bove-mentIOned. The chiefeft of them Marttnlco. Howeve~, there ate two or is called Gharl" Fort, ftanding on Needham's three Indian carbets' in it, and fome French- lorts. pojl)J:-_~ 1 fng out in the fea, to the wind- men, who 'carry tort'olfes from - 'th~nce to ,"irr~of the bay and town, fa that an ene- Mar/inico: On the lhote grow abufidance my keeping out of command of it, can- of manfanilla trees, not tall, but the wood MRn/., not do the town or lhipping any harm, of them fine, - the leaves like thofe/of the nil/a. The fort is ftrong, built with lime and pear tree, the fruit.., fort of fmall apples, ftone, and has feventeen great guns, with whence the Spaniards gave them the name; _Toom for more, fufficiently garifoned and of fo fine a colour and pleafant fcent, as commanded by a captain. will eafily invite fuch as are unacqiiainted The platform joins to the windward to eat them; but containing a mortal poi- part of the town, made for fifteen guns, fon, againft which no antidote ' h1s any and the other fort is at the leeward part ca- force. The very leaf of it caufes an -ulcer, pable of fifteen great guns. w here it touches the flelh, and the dew on The fecond road and town is cailed it frets off i the !'kin; nay the very lhadow Chari" Gharles 'Town, ftanding on Oyflon Bay, a- of the tree is pernicious, and will \!a,ufe a '["rlmo bout two leagues welt from Bridge 'Town, man to fwell, if he Oeeps under it. '11' and has alfo two.fons and a platform; the Belides tortoifes, it fupplies M artil1ico forts one to the windward and the other with many wild fwine and fowl, the for- to the leeward, and the platform in the mer whereof is excellent food, ' and "eaflly middle. Tho' this town be not much re- taken, there being great -plenty. Several forted to by lhipping, there are in it feve- lhips touch there for wood. ral ware-houfes for trade. The palfage between the two moft weft. The third is James '['OWI/, formerly cal- erly points of Santa Lucia and Mar/inico is led the Hall, about two leagues to the lee- about eight leagues, but to the middle of ward of Bridge 'Town, and has only one the latter, which is the Glil de Sac, is about platform, but is otherwife well fortified ten leagues. with breaft-works. Few !hips come to it, but it has a trade with the inhabitants of M A itT IN ito; the adjacent parts. _ lill/,- The fourth being Little-BriflDI , of -_B y the Indians called Madanina, i9 Brijl,/, Spight's Bay, is about four leagues to lee- a large ifland, about fifty five leagues in ward of Bridge 'Town, and has two forts. compafs, eighteen in length, and the Many lhips refort to it, efpeciall;: ftom bread th very unequal in feveral places, lying the city of Briflol, and it is thefecond place in If degrees -50 minutes' north lati"tude; of trade in the ifland to Bridge '['own. high land, efpecially in the middle, where , The iOand is inhabited by EngliJh, Scots ftands the great high mountain called Pele!, and IriJh, and fome few Dutch and French, the top whereof rifes above the clouds, and as traders and planters, belides fome -few therefore there is always a gathering of Jews, and a multitude of Blacks and Mu- clouds about it, whence above forty rivu- lattoes. lets fpread themfelves all about the iOand, All accounts are adjufted in Moflo'Vado fom\! of them navigable a conliderable fugars, by which all other commodities way up the land. It has the conveniency are regulated; and the fame is done in all of three ports, whe-re above a hundred lhips the other EngliJh and French Caribbee iOands. may lade every year, ,viz. the Gill de Sac Port" The potatoes of Barbadoes are generally re· Royal, the borough of St. Peter, by many puted the beft of all thofe iOands. ,. called Btiffe !/il/e, or Ie Mou!llage, and the Cui de Sac deta '['rilJite, of whIch ports more SANTA LV,CIA hereafter. The iOand lies between that of Dominica Lies N. by E:. of S, Vincent, that is, of on the north and Santa Lucia on the fouth . the point, called les Pitom, which is form- Its princip:1! capes are thofe called des 'Tour- Cape!, ed by two very high fteep mounts like fu- mentes, facing the north-eaft; des Salines, gar loaves, ftandtng on the weftern part of at S: S. E, and Solomon's, at S. S. W; -and the iOand, whence a very ftrong _c urrent_ betwixt the two latter, the diamond rock. fets to the weftward, and ought carefully , _' All Martinito is hilly, and the mIddle to be avoided, when fa1Iing thence for - pan fo mountainous "¢at ' it is ,not inha- VOL. V. 8 Bbitablo. Ii,UiRA hita!;>le. >H owever' all : th~reft is,· very fer. much; :that feVj!ralof the inhabitants havll Wealth .~ tile.~ Ifu~r.s,which are n!>lYINPq'd theru g,Q~ .confid!:rable eftates by that means, and and polile- ,cottO!J~ IndIgo,cam", rocou, cannamOn; tile planters in the mean time have made a ner• • 'cocoa, mandioca, ,potatoes, ranon~' lpla!l' lIl!;l:Y good h. . ~ of their fugars and other tanes, ananas, accajou, ' apples, , lemons. commodities ' of their growth, the value oranges. and many otber 'forts offruits and wh~reofhas been milch enhanc'd by the wars Illants. , The rugar; tho' very plentiful, and other cafualties. Thu3 .many families is brown. There is alfo a fine fort of wood mere now mak£ a very fplendid appear- caIled gayat, of which they make rullie$ ance, being a very civil and 'affable peo. lind other things for 1hips. The lemon pIe; and Fran,e may be known-"djc;~ by "tree is no other than a Jarge thick; 'bulh, the finenefs of the people, the women :.'--<; --, very thorny, and grows every where wild; ing as handfome as any in Europe, well fa- the fruit very fmall, but yielding mu('h Illion'd and genteel, thro' the great num· · juice, of which ,they prefs put great quan- ber of well-bred perfons refoning thither tities to fend abroad, in calks. . from France and other parts, this being the CaUe!. Thefe and other: fr.uits, tranfported thi- rendezvous for the officers of men of war, . ther from France, thrive there .very well ; and of the garrifon, and the refidence of and Iheep, oxen a'Qd horfes multiply apace. the general, the governor, the intendants, Cocoa. ' The .cocoa-nuts grow nowhere but in the magiftrates, and of the fovereign court moifr places, and fuch as are but little ex- of judicature, on which depend the ifiands pofed to the fun. The tree is [mall, and of Santo DomingQ, Guadalupe, Marigalante, the fruit grows in a long cod, which when Saintes, . Santa Crux and Santa Lucia. Here ripe :they gather and dry in .the ftln; , the are alfo the agents of the French African faid cod is a rind like that of the pome. company, and. thofe of many fubftantial granat€, and contaius about twenty five merchants and faCl:ors in France. or thirty of thofe nul'S, .of which chQcolate In my time I knew there fome planters, is mad€. ' . who had above four hundred black naves , Along the baole; of ·the river of St. Pe- of their own, each of them to work in ter's town, of late years has been obferved their plantations. a quantity of rulhes, growing pretty thick T,he Baffe'Ville being the refidence of all Ba.§ipil/,j and rc)Und, about .three feet . high; the the moft falhionable people, is a pretty leaves 'whereof are long, narrow and Iharp large and popular town, otherwife callee! }ilOimced, The boughs of thefe ' bulhes be. St. Peter, confifting chiefly of one wind. ing broke into many !hart pieces, there ing frreet, an EngliJh mile in length, all runs out of each little frick two, three or in. , aCcents anddekents, lying along the Balfam. four drops of a ,white, glutinous fap, or beach, and in feveral places crolfee! by liquor, much like thato'f unripe figs, which many curious rows of orange tr€es, towards hils been found arovereigfl medicine againfr that part of the t?wl) called Ie Mouillage, all fol'l!~ of interrljitril!g fever$, . t~king two that IS, the anchormg . place; becaufe the fpoonfills Qf it a.t a, timt:, and. ex,€lIent .a- (hips ufually ride before it, about a mufket gai-nlft: ,the t~l'lJl'J'y t:holk\{s. ,Some fuppofe' Ihot from the Ihore, in about thiny five it tei be 'the white;balfilrrl fo, .much cQm- fathoms water; befides the river which mended by chemif\:.s. : Th~ people there crolfes the middle of the town, and h~s. gath'en,j6n frilaH Y.ia.ls~ ancl. it js much va~ €xcelJent wat€r, over which is a little bridge, lu'-d in' France;;, ' . .... . . and at the end of it the governor's houfe •. " .Its idvaq-tftgeo!lsfitUUiQI), : ,and grean This . river comes down from a great nurriber 0( fubftancial merc!lal]t~. ,and plan- vallcy ,th:j.t is behind the town, in which- (lirs; :(giveJtrus .iflancl a gre3!u .fha~CI Qfrraclll are many plantatibns, affording a very' Trade. at Bourdct1JIX, !1 ReCho/le" Nontr;, IJieppe> p'1~fant profpe6t, . At Ol1e end of the town Marjtilies" j ..and ;Q~hen fe\li. Fprt. lf owns . ,pf ~she ,gIonafrcry (If the ,Jefoits, ,curiouny Frantic;'. wbich fend ;. thither i Y~~rl}" , great. bujl,t'; and at the other, towards the Mou- ,'. . . quantities' '.of, all forts 9f corolIlo!litiCs, .as i/lagr.,:in the midft.of the orange tree walk, wine, brandy, .meal, 'corn; falc..tn~f, FJc;>th, which is -eight hundred p~ces in length, linen, . ifilkjt naber'daJhery of.al! f\lr!$, hail'S, with ' double rows of orange and lemon lhoes;pa'ger, laces a1'-4. h<;)u!h.o)ivate-€r·jmg, ').Vho dur- thecn of the charity. Moll: of 'the Iwufes itilg ,the li.ft lwars ,wok abunQal)ce. pf very in the town are built with timber, though rich ,iliips, a~, well .Dutch ,as Englifo, info; there are fome of frone, all of them very , .Ic>:!:J 2. . . pandColpe, handfonie, which together with:the plow'lIi L1:and. II 'cQofidmble: 'fi.rmy; and even be- ' H ......., . lands between the town and the mountain, fo~~ It was brought to ,this perfet1:ic:m,1 am-~ '>, afcendlOg gradually for a great cliftance up ~IJI!'1lde,Ruyter, in the year 1674, att~ck'd ' the land~ ,renders the p~ofpe4 of.that paft It lrt vam ,wlth,three 1!hbtJfand men, iurtdcr of Marl,mco fo very delIghtful by the view count Hoi'll, ' and ' was forced , to' dvaw cilil' ', of the faid hills and the great variety of with great' pr~cipitl\lion, leaving nine hun- woods, trees apd greens, that I thought, it dred . of his foldiers dead on the fpot. ' [ well worth prefennng the reader with "a ,here Infert,the 'clbt of this 'fort f9 ftroilg by PLA.TJ!), draught thereof, as it appeared' to ine from art 'afldnat1Jte~ as ,itwas in the year , 1'679,' 34- PLA TE aboard a !hip, riding in the road, the cut The tre~si, wh)ch thew ftood on die riling 35, here inferted reprefenring it t6 the life, g round m tbe center of the fort,. luivebcen s" PeltT's The fort of St, Peter, which ,in my time fince cut down, '-and th.e fortifiqtians cop- fort, ftood at the mouth of the riv.et, to obftrut1: fiderably improv'd. , ' I 'J, : 'I any defcent that way, and hinder boats and I have added a ':plan of the harbour cnlL CIII de S« Ooops from running up the fre!h water rio led Cui de Sac, which is the beft cueeniL1g harbour. ver, has been fince ruin'd by hurricanes, 'place throughout the Caribbee iOands I the It was formerly eret1:ed by the Sieur du entrance into it is well fecured by the Call- ,ni ', , .' Parquet, and was as ill contriv~d to repulfe non i of the batteries in ' th<; fortrefs; and an enemy from without, as ,to oppofe an$ hy feveral :rocks and !hoals, 10 ranged ,t\{at attempt from within, not commanding the there, is , np ' other" palfagcJfor great !hips:, road, nor hind ring the approach 6f ,!hips but within, pillal. !hot of the wnmr-bamry. to the coall:; it was of no ufe againft an ,This 'harhour can contairilfiftr tall '!hips, enemy, befide that it was commanded b)' and IS the"common ' refuge, of Fl'dlfcb!hips a higher ground overlooking it, within in. the ' time: of hurricanes ~ the waterr :in fit muO{et 010t, fo 'that the defendams lay being always ftill, becaufe it is furrounded wholly expofed, for which reafon it could almoft on all fides with high ' hills: About not hold out twelve hours, if attacked elm the middle, or ,the latter end , of 'july, the , ,-; the land fide, and therefore it has not been 'general orders 'all commanders 'to, 'carry thought fit to be fince rebuilt. There are their iliips in thither for , fllelter. The ll:iJl two batteries, one at each end of the royal magazine ftands alnioft oppofite to town, with other fortifications raifed there ithe fort, on the 'other Ode of the, river. ' fince the Englifh, in 1693, with a fleet of Cui dt Sac de la 'Frill;le, fiantling on the Cui de S~, funy fail, attempted to make a defcem aJ other fide ohhe inand; is a much {maier ::,~: 'Tn: the point du Prefchtl!r, a little ,above the harbour, 'and lefs frequented than thofe be- town, but were repulfed with confiderable fore fpoken of: '; ,:, '. .. lofs by the inhabitants, who were feafon, Cui de Sac ,Maria, at the Cabefierre aml ably.joined and fuftained by the count de feveral other fmall places along ' the coan', ' Blenac, their general, who ' march'd tlii. ferve only for barks and boars to take': ln ther with twO 'hundred men, from Fort their lading 'of fug,ar and other : ~oods ! of f?oyal in one night, the diftance bei!\g fix the produCl: of the Inand, and 'fo ' to ' brmg leagues. ' ,(, ' , it about to' the:!hips lying at Jjajfevil/e, ,Ie CuldtSar Cui de Sac Ro)'al is a large ,bay on the Prefcbeur;) oh Citl de Sac Royal, which' is R'Jal. fouth fide of the ifland, at' the ,bottom very .rroublefome~ 'becaufe it mult' firit be whereof ftands a pretty town, containing 'carried from tile !hore to the barks In ca- near three hundroo .families, where the ge:- noes, and 'thei fea on that windward 'fide is neral rcfides, and the courts of jmftice are always very rough. ,I kept . The ftreets are ftrait, and the hollt " '([he DiarllOl1d POilll, in the fouth part of Dim.,1/If fes regular, moft built with timber. The the Wand', has' its namefl'oni a 'la'rge,lhigh; P,inl. CapucbiflS have a fine monafte'ry there. round rock, lying out at fea, ab0ut a mile F,,,R'Jo/. ' Fort Royal coinmands the"towll, being from the point; , 'becaufe perhaps a't a great veryadvantageouDy feated on .a large, long diftance il:.lookid like a diamond, ' It gives and high peninfula. Ie is no way acceffibllo '!he/ter to a vall> humber of fea·fowl of fe~ on the fea fide, but along the, rowS of rocks \leral forts, iVohic'h Increafe prddigiouOy; it which encompafs it. There is no uth~ravenuc! beina forbid t6 : ki'1l them, Hawever, ' irt ':,) the town but by a long and very nart ,the year ' x67J1i ' five perfons go'i!1g from row caufeway, flank'd , by a half moon and Mal"linic'd 'to em,is lrock to catch thofe birds, two baftions, 'Iin'd ' with good {tone work; for above luquarter:of an hour had a full Qnd defended by a wet ditch . .! There are :view ',of , ~ , f,i(h ~ref~rnbling human !hape\ /' eighteen and twenty' four pounders mount· or a' mermaid," within piftol-fl10t of 'the l!d every waY.Qn ,it, and fix companies 'of !ki,ts of the rock; ;which they all attetted mariners in garifon. 'There is alfo a good 'upon (lath, bef!;)re' nhe clerk of the COl/neil I magazine of powder, and a .ciftern, ' bat~ of the ifland ;" and feverol people' at Mal''- of them bomb proof, fo that , the fort IS tillicd afferted tit to me as a certain trutli. now in a good ,condition andJn1ay with, 'Thidnight~o ',be tlie fame fore of 'fifll ' I mentloned j ,~--.J 'A, hriCf;DeJcr,iption:of 'Hn~.':,A mentioned in the fupplelnent~" fo common ithe groillld dryer and more gravelly, which '~' in: the ! river l-aire,1 of the ',' kingdom . of alfo makes it more fruitful in tobacco and ',,, ,; Cdngo: ::, . ' , . :, -),' " '"' ," '" , mandioca. ,The fea ,affords abundance of Inhabi.:,:>blt is ,computed thatt.there, are now above .tortoifes, " caouannes arid ': machorans, ' or tants, 'three, thoufand Whj~fl~1able to , bear arms ' cac.filhes, .efpecially of thofe reprefented in . in Martinico, and ~Q£lye' fifteen thoufand the cut; belides other forts of filh, as tre- ::'LA T E ,. " black .flaves, , , , '. rl",z'l," '. zahar, bequne, &c, Some()of the macho- 19,20. A~:'\ i ,; The ,high.lands. make the ail' 'unwhole'- rans are unwholefome and dangerous to Filh ,,', fome, .. and few i)lipsl' go thither, ,· whofe eat, which is thought to proceed from their . crews do not feel the effeCl:s of it; fome feeding on' the poifonous Manzanilla apples, dying in 'a few hours, without any ficknefs which drop into the creeks. There are alfo appearirig. Belides they , are much tor- feveral forts of fea·fowl, and among them " mented with ants, gnats and , chiqucs; this thofe two Jorts reprefented in the cut, PLA T!; la!!: is a fort of worm; 'Which cuts into the called fregatrand paUle cn cui; the former 16. ,:, ,I heels and foles of the- lfeet, ana 'are the of them is by' the EngliJh call'd , a man Fowl. 'more troublefome in -that they are fcarce of,war, from their fwift flight and large to be gOt out, if they hwe had time to fpreading wings; the , ,other has its name Vermin. lay their· eggs there. I have feen ' fome fignifying a !!:raw in the britch, from one .iWihites " .. but much , more the ' Blacks~ long lingle 'and pointed feather, which is 1'0 pe!!:ered, with ,t hat almo!!: imperceptible all the tail it has, and at a di!!:ance looks fort of vermin, that their feet have been fa liJ.",;',J had bought .them of the before-mentioned JuJ\i ee,; As for juc!icial affairs, the general and governor i "'and appointed . governors of _ . r is twelve counfellors ,;clecide all 'matters their nomination in the fame, that ,~y civil and, criminlll, thro.ughout ,the French year: but ;at prefent all , the governors'are (:a:ibl;ec jt1anc!s" an app~al dying.from ,the appointed by ' the king: of Francc, who ,1;9Unctls},lf all the others tQ , that of 1M a!;, claims the propriety of 'Martinir:o, and all #l1ic~, a~, ,alfo., from 'that of Santo Domingo. ' . other FrcJlch Caribbee iOands, where he has ,. ,This)t1an,d is much, h9tter.than, that of i:rected forts, and keeps good garifons, .Gundall/pc, ,not ,only becauf~ : of. its ,)yi~g : lind thev yield him a .large .annual inconle !TI0re to ;; th~ fout;hw~rd, . but; by. . rea[QQ ,it ,by. . the 'tolls and cuftoms impofed on all ?S al(o lI)ore mountall'lous , and woody,;aIid goods.of ,their product and manufacture. 2 Every theCar.ibbee ljlands. , Every fhip t~at loads .there being obliged dom miffing in , their maner's houfes ofH. ... RA .to give fufficlent fecunty to the king's a- meeting with fome others, who are of their \/Y'"V lI~nt the~e, under a .great penalty, thatfhe 'own country and language; thofe have will deliver the fald lading at no other commonly a particular charge given them ports in Europe but thofe of France; and to look after ,their , new fellow-fervants. upon a due certificate returned from then~e Next the Jejilits; who apply themfelves to Care of that it was Performed accordin~ly, th~ ·the converlion of thofe poor wretches, make their oon- bonds are cancelled, and the fecunties dif- ufe ' of the old naves to infufe the prin- verfion. charged; and the fubjeB:s of France and of ciples of Chriltianity into the minds of the thefe inands are allowed to employ any new one's. This is not done without much foreign bottom, efpecially fince the laft labour and difficulty., in which they are fo. war, Swedes, Danes or Dutch, for their zealous, that fome of them often fuffer ·in commerce too and fro, which faves abun- their own .health, through the pains they dance of men to the French nation, that take in that pious work. are otherwife employed by the govern- When thefe poor people have been often ment. And it were to be wifh'd our aCt inftruCted" .by the means of interpreters, of parliament in EIJglalld, for encourage- they are baptifed with much folemnity, and ment of fhipping and navigation, which foon. after their maners take care to marry Of mar ry. perhaps was necelTary at the time it was them to their minds, giving them their ing the",. palTed, had been long ago repealed, ac- choice, either at home 0r aboard the fhips cording to the opinion of fome able mer- that come in ; and in this laft cafe, the maf- chants of Great BritailJ, which they prove ter buys the woman his man nave likes would have fpared many thoufands of out- beft, I allowing them full liberty to match EngliJhmen's lives, during this prefent long to their own :Iiking; info much, that it is and expenfive way, to carryon our trade to an eftablifhed law in the French inands, the Eaft and Weft Indies, which takes up that when one perfo n's male nave has a the beft of our mariners employed in thofe ·mind' to.marry another inhabitant's woman long and hazardous voyages; one third nave, and fhe approves of it, one of the part, if not more, never returns hom~, two ' owners is obliged to difpofe of. his either by defertion or mortality, whilft our nave to th<) other, 'by fale, exchange, or fleets are often at a ftand, for want of hands otherwife, that they may cohabit iri the enough to fit them out timely on emergent fame houfe. occalions. Befide that it.fuins abundance This care of marrying and fetding them of private adventurers and merchants, who together in a family, allowing them fome to get , men enough to ferve in their vef- little parcels of ground to till and make eels, are obliged to allow indifferent failors ·gardens, endears them to their mafters, and very extravagant wages, w~ich has , un- :makes them add to their ordinary labour, dorie feveral good merchants III progrefs of ~nd · t? prod.uce many' things of ufe to the time, when voyages have proved long and Inna'bltants In general, and to themfelve, ~edious through any unforefeen accidents, in pattiaular, to add to the conveniency Qf and thei r goods come to a bad market. ,life and cIoathing. -Thus we fee among It will not be amifs in this place to give the planters and maners of fugar -mills, two fome account of the behaviour of the French or three generations of families of naves, towards their naves in the Caribbee inands, who are very fond .of one another, ob- to illuftrate what I have before faid in the ferving as much paternal affeCti~n and filial defcription of Guinea, of the particular duty as ~ny an;ol?g us; and hVlOg as con- care that nation takes of their fpiritual as tentedly Ii! their bondage, as the peafant~ well as temporal welfare, and at the fame in Europe. The mafters, . on their part, time to make out what I faid in the fame are very careful not to feparate thofe fa- place of the negleCt of Proteftants in that milies, and to allow nhe parents the fatis- refpeCt. faction of educating -their children. Ch' f As foon as the nave fhips arrive at the Ids pleafant to 'fire their 'little huts, or Ilav~~~e 0 French inands, the planters and other in- cottages ftanding about their mafter~s fu- habitants flock aboard to buy as maQY as gar works, like 'little villages, each cabbin the 7 have occalion for. The price being feparated from ~nother . by a 'little garden Govera- agr~ed on, they fearch every,nave limb by belonging to it and appropriated to the ment. limb, to fee whether they are 'found and ufe of the naves fnhabiting it. Thefe vil- thong, and it is diverting enough to fee ,lages are under the' infpeCtion of a Frmch the examining even of thofe parts which ovetfeer, called there Commafldtllr des 'Ne- are not to be named. This ,done, every gref, or' Commander of the Blacks, who buyer carries away his own' naves, and ·is to. take care they obferve good order a- dmmediately provides for their'nou~ifhment, 'mong themfelves, to fet them to work as ,cIoathing and health, which ·is done with .the mafter has occalion, and to chaflife thofc extraordinary care. 'Phe . new Oaveslfel- th'3C are faulty i the punilhment being more VOL.V. 8 C or HERRBRA:or Ids, 'aatord1ng fo .the bffentej ·· but.·al. jdg generally affi.iCl:ed with painful fwelling, '~, ways fevere, th~y being"naturaJly ' dirofr or' .elfeufeized with :'vomiting ' and racking ::derlyand;Rothful. The greatefb puni/h. cpli.cks, -{uppofed, to pr9ceed from thofe rment.Lonce fa\V- infliaed>:on a nave! ;· who ·fi/hes fe~ding on the poifonous manzanilla .had feveral.:timesTun la-wa.y'-[rom 'his Imaf. .apples, which faU into the .(ea, as has. been ter's ' lioufe,i w~s Ic~..g off bDth his ,hinted before. ,It has been.,alfo found by " ·feet :Dn a blDck ' in th'e" publick"market- experience of !. . te. years" ,thilt the teeth of · place at Ii Balfeterre of :Guadalupe. b ., thofe fi/hes wh.i~h: hav~ fed on. the .manza- ~ , . The Jefuits dD not only apply themfelves ',nillas are bla.ck, and therefore they always : tD CDnvert' the mew comers; but .go daily Jook infO their; mouths ceive .to fee themfelves fomewha,t tolerably ,white leaves and the IjveIYJed pf ,infinite 'Good ' dr~ifed on ':fundays and fefuiv!lls, affifting ·.!lumbers I of, . Qranges, .make a delightful ufage. ·.at the fame mafs with their.ma,fters, eqllal- :mixture . to the 'eye, and the fragrancy of Iy well treated 'by the priefts,. wilen they ,the blo[0l1Js perfuming .the .airravi/hes the ,gD. to confeiflOn, admitted Witl10ut diftinc- [cent, · in riding along tbaUhady lane, ,e[- ,tion tD communiDn, ' to . fee, their fellow ,pecially it! the; morning early before. .the ·Oaves, when they die, . decently buded, l).eat of the fun ;comes upon it. The hoiJes ;and jn fine, 1t o perceive that religi9n makes ,often tread .; oni thofeexcellent oranges, no difference between them !lnp their mal" whichfaU ff(:ll~qhe trees. . . f . 'ters, .which the Jefuits make . good, ufe ,of 'i i' Ano,her"piverting o\;ljeCl: is · .the ;vafr to work upon their heavy .qapilcities; . 'info" nUJ;I)ber, of .thofe .very little birds, by tli!! much, ' thatite-is npt.' po.fIjb)eL;to.'exprefs ,Fr,ench called: cplibris, Rut . Q)'. the Englifo 'more zeal forthe precepts ; anq:'Geremonies hU1llming I;Jjr9~. , ! /.ly.ing abot.\~ Jrom tree . tQ ~ammiD~ of religion than thofe ; O~v:es .generally do; Jfeo. ,TheY}Wr'.e ,a ,cbarming' fine plumage, bIrds. .and they value themfelves .. I11uch. more 'a- .and are , th,Qugqt to :feed on) the dew: that .mong the French thaILthof~ 1 do' who live )ies,o.Q. tqe ·,Ofange,al)d lemon .flowers .. ,An;- 'arnong the Dutch and Engli.fo;;c; the .former other. 'opinion concerning them is, :t hai: .admitting them indiff~rend,y; with . .t hem" they. fix~hemfelves on the boughs ab9\Jt felves tocommqnion and ~H : otherfervic.e pfloper and':i th~re .Oeep .. without waking ,of the church, (and , the Ia.tter :exduding tiIL.1prilfollowing, Which I cannot a,1fm;. them from ·the: religious ' ~.qul!lity, which The con}ll(lOn fort of wQmen and girls hi\ng keeps them always dejeCl:ec\: and ' prutal. Jhem .in:thejr ear~ for p~ndants . . · c': :, 1'his may be faid to b¢ , tbe reafon ~ll().re .: . ~ ·n ever happens any [uch de(t;~tion' .of; Q~ves · from the Frelich' :inands, as :w e have often .. ' .. . ,heard among the Engt!fo; .efp¢rially at ·Bar- , Another ?f.the Caribbee iOands, . is (lighr. badol , as was mentioned il~ the defcription leagues difiant(from Martinico, bet'! qtll of that liland.:, 'i . I i! .j I,' , /,,: I.' . point and . point. Columbus gave it the n~me " To wncJLide ;with 'Marlinicq,. i I ,· think l be~a.ufe he ·difcQvered it on a fimday ;; , It · proper to 'wa r'n travellers to .be :very cauti- .lies in , J 5 ,qegrees; 40 miIi. north l~ti.GlIde, ous·pf.eating twp fort$ Qf,fi/h:,; at tpi~ orl any ! N. by W .an&! N,. N.W. from Martinico and . other of the. Cm:ibbee inands; viz. Th~{4~- ·.h",s. (;I(adalupe N. by W. oLit. The whole XiI,fonous ·fifo, above fpoken of" al)d tD.(l,t .w.hk~,. the lp:>mpa.fs 9f iJj is,abput ,eighteen or twenty L Frmch commonly cqll beql(ene •.! ,Thefel ~o . l~agLJes >' , and. in ..i t , are very . ,large ,high forts before they com.c· to be. ;veU ' k!!0Wn, 11l)<'I!;Il)tains" iwhich .occalion the great ,calms. did much harm,: f\lG~ ~~ did:e'l.~,,~h~n)Q,- ,{l:pp$. freRue.otly meet with under ir" .. rhofe that t~at ply to ,the northward, iiland~,being o,b, being ,foldiers ~nd officers prifoners there, them; together with St, Vincent and Behia, as has be~n 1,I1~l)tio'l~d before, " " " to retire to from the other Caribbee iilands, • I I '.o,,' '1 t' j ' :; r in 1660. It has not much ground proper M 'ARIGAL' ANTE ', ., for plantations, but a great bay in the , weftern part of , it, affords a good fafe Had its name from the lhip Columbu, ;:, road. - was in, when he ,difcovered, it, at his fe- The Illdiam inhabiting this iiland can· cond voyage to America. It lies in 16 ftantly trade with the French, Martinico degrees 20 minutes of north latitude, N, and Guadalupe, where I have feen many N. E. and N, E. by N. ,of. Dominica" and piraguas full of them, and they have fa E. of Guad{Jlupe, hasno mountains, ,but great a kindnefs for the French, that when raifes itfelf in a heap in the middle, .and they are at war with the Engl(p>, , thofe fa- thence defcends ,every way towards the fea, vages will kill al\d eat the latter, becaufe which makes it look at a diftancc like a they are enemies to their goqd friends the 'fiat , \ ' i " French, who cannot prevail with them to . There are few fprings and br,oqks, but give the others quarter, " , many ftanding pools of freill water, which The JefoiJs, and other religious men a~e of greatcufe to' the inhabitants, The fettled ' in th1 French illands, do from time foil is good, : efpeciall)" for .fugar , canes, '·to dme go over to thofe Indian illands, ,to which is the reafon the number · of inha~ inftruC1: thofe people in the principles of birants daily il)creafes; ' bllt it has no Inan· Chriftianity, whi,h they hear with great ·ner of pqrt,,Jo ,that the lQips tr~ding nhere attention, but do not pro lit much, being .ride in open roads, The whole compafs naturally tenacious of their ancient fup~rc of it , is about >I8 ,leagues; the diftance dition, . ,from Dominica 8, and from Guadalupe 6 , ;Their language is the fame a~ that" of or 7. The French hav~ had it ,ever fince the Galibis in Guiana, whence it is believed the year , i648, . 'Jacob. Bi1/ks, : admiral of .thefe iilands were firft peopled, and there- Zealand, , took it from , them 6,11 the firll: fore it will be needlef, to fay any thing of ,of 'June 1677, but, 'the French foon reco~ ,their manners, wars, &c, being much the ,vered it, ·and have finci: ereC1:ed a fort there fame, as defcribed in fpeaking "of thofe :for its fecurity, The.colony, which , is ,in~ people in Guiana, But thefe nati,,:es of d.ifferentl,y'large, is under a Fr#nch gover- Dominica are reputed the moft warlike of 'nor, The ..late marquesJ de ·, Maintenoll, any of the Caribbee iilands, ',I I mention~d .. by , me)n th,e) d~fqiptioC\ of ·,!' The land crabs of Dominica are much Martinico, ·wa,s one governor of it. : ;rhe ,efteemed in the Frtllch iilands fat their .Carmelite, friars ,attend ~he fpiritual func, ,fweetnefs and excellent meat, and there i~ ,tions. ' ii' , ' J If ,1 ) 'f great plenty of them about all the woods, t, I ; I! J 1, ~, • i j • :which cover the greatdl: part of rhe liland. d L ·A l:..D E' S S E',A D 1\ . I The natives carry abundance of them to i" I' /11 , market in the neighbouring French iilands, .1 ,Is another ', French iiland and I colony; ahd fell them cheap enough, for feveral toys 6 leagues eall: of Guadalupe, tho' not very 'of ,very fmall value, as they do alfo anac . large, fertile . and w.ell c\l}t,ivated by the nis, figs, parrots and monkeys, . The ana- -French inhabitants, _ producing fugal' .'and nas there are ell:eemed the beft of all the -all · fonsi of American fruits .. !J( Chriflopher jilands. ,Columbus gave , this "iiland\,.'tne,nam, - o£, la .\ !DejJefJ/a, -, or· the Defired; ,lor:),Vnill'd for, ,Los SANTOS, by the French , LEs ,au his fecond ;voyage; it ,being; the Ii'rft of ,:" SAINTE'S: .thofe illands .he difcovered. ",' " That is tbe Saints, are feverallittle iilands G 'u A D A L 'U P 'E lying five leagues north of Dominica, and I J. ! three leagues fouth of Gua~alupe, to whofe Is a Frenchoiiland in 19 degrees 10 mi- -government , they are, fubJect, ,They ' are nutes north, latitude, and' .gI5'Oeg. 40 mi- ·no ' way confiderable, on ' any other 'aC" 'nutes /longitude, about '10 leagues in coJ11" 'collnt than that they ,form by. theid1ru- 'Pafs, is i, divided into ' two:tiilands, almoft adon an indifferentgoodharbour,' tQ lhdt~r "of an eqllal ,bigne[sl' "by" " 'channel, ' or ' lhips in bad weather, fame of.,the ·largell: fmall ' arm : onJthe fea, ' called f]'be Salt Ri- 'Vcr, 1 I ! I Hnuu 'Utr, which · overflows an ifthmus ' dr abOlJl: the ground is very -rocky, and it is 'a w""Y VV"'V 5 ·leagues in length, from ·end to end, f~ indifferent ·open road fodhips, which ride ,-I that barks mllY pars up. w!kri the tide .~ there about 'a mulket Ihot from tile be;ICh. I in. . ' rt )~ ... '~ .~d or little· ·more. It is the molt confidc:rablc The~reateft of !hefe tWo ·parts ·of the town of. the illand, ' pretty ,large, feated·on iJIand is that which-c:he French call la Grande a rifinggroundand along·t1>!: reach, fome- '.l'erre, being about 50 Ie,lgues in compafs. what ftraggling, leaving a large place of This is the true Guadalupe, fo . named: by arms in the middle" at tihoealt end wh.,reof the Spaniards, when they difcovered it, be- ftands the governor's houfe. The houfes; caufe its l)1o!lotains refemble thcife of Our which as has been faid Itand fcattering, are Lady of Guadalupe, in the province of Ef- !)loft built of ftone, only fome few or tim- tremaJura in Spain. Its Indian 'name is ber-. At the north 'end ,of the town is a Karoktra, or Car1lcueira . .• ,[,he.French cor- . large fugar-bake-houfe, all of free ftone;i rupting .the Spanijh name-ca'll. i~ Guarde~ where much work was done, when I was loupe. .'. " , ,I,·". . tnere, and near it runs a fmall river athwart Whether the French have found the foil the town, coming down from the fulphu- barren, 01' for what other reafon I know rllous Olvity above fpokon of. About tlie hot, .but it is thinly inha?~tet!li. ~erc being middle is a battery of eight pieces of can- fcarce an hundred familIes' In 'It. Molt non, which commands all the road, BAd of it is taken , up· with: high' inaaceffible is c:1lled die Iron Gate. At the fouth end mountains, excepting only on the fide of of uhf! town, on the bank of a rapid Cabeftl!1Te," befides that it ,wants· fre!h wa- torrent, ftands a little fort, mounted with ter.. 1 eight pieces of cannon and lined with good The 'other part of the iOand, which lies Itone work. There are chapels ofJe.fojt~, - to the .S. W. is aQout 40' leagues in 'com- Dominicans, and CaNllelites, befides two or pafs.and fubdivided into two parts, or'[er- three. pari,!h churches ferved by the fecular ritories. The middle is taklln · up with clergy. The Jefoits and Dominicans have high mountains, on fome of which are confiderable ' feutlements. There are · alfo boiling hot fprings, and wholefome, mine- fame Irijh families abeut la Balfoll!1Ti. . ral waters. ' Among the other mountains and !!Ifewhere in ~he ifland. Burn,"!! is one called la Souffrere, or the Sulphureous, . The other town of Guadalupe is caIlet!l mount'm. which calls out ·thick fmoke ofometimes Ie Bailly;'ftanding two or three Englifh·milllS mixed with .flames, at the mouth or open- from la Balleterre, where ·in my time was ing there is on the top. The Blacks ga- · a fugar.bake-houfe. This town is incon- cher fome fmall quantity of brimftone ,fiderable, . as having no great number of thereabouts; which they .fell for a fmall 'hou'fes, ,byt there is a chapel at fome dif- matter to .[ailors; but· it is ~ery foul and .'tance :for: ithe private 'ufe of a confidera- full of drofs, which were eafily ·remedied, .ble ;planrer, 'and the landing place is pretty if ,they knew how to refine it. ' . .. v,' eafy, Ibeing a fmooth flat gravelly ground, ,: The foil ,is fertile in fugar; which is bet- not of large black pebbl~s, as is ufual at tor than that 'at M artinico, .b ut ,not fo fine moll: places where the wind perpetually as that of St. Chriftopher, alfo 1'O((OU;" or beats upon ·the t!hore; the fea · Fowling up anotto, tobacco, indigo, yuca, cottoo', thofe ftones, and at fuch plaae-s it · is dif- caffia, cacao. Fruit and fowl are very ficuJt.to llmd 'without being wet, and mu<:.h plentiful, efpecia!ly turkeys, .mtich cheaper fugar is damaged or loftih !hipping.off, than at an yother of the Carib bee iOands. which ofE lm retards the difpateh of trading There ,is a :fortof birds avout 'the ful- iliips: ,I phureous mountain, -whi"h .they I!a.U Hili- . 'fThe Engl(fh made a defcent 'at la Baifo- bolin~, very 'large. and as .good 'as ,rlhickenS . . ter1'e,' in 'I 69'1, burnt the ·town,deftroy1d They live altogether upon "lHh .and fetch the battery that /tood in the middle of them up out of their ,craw· ta feed ·thtir it, and only· ·tlie fOl't beforementioned was young. The Blacks commonlY'Clltch 'them, made good by the inhabitants, till :Mr. but ar~ ,themfdves >fometimes" fo ,pierced D' U:agny, then , general of the iOands, by the '!harp cold air of tha~ 'mountain, came with three 'or four men ,of war. and.-... _ that they langui!h and have 'much ,tliffictit- fome merchant Jhips, .fittl!Q up in haW"~o ty to furmount it. raiCe the fiege: when the En~lijh reimba~- In the two. Cul,d!. jqh, 9r~!)lets of the ed Iwith preCipitation; .Ieavingnear .2.00 of fea, which , feparate la Grande '.l'erre from their .men hi ,the woods, 'to ·the me~cy of t~e .other 'part , of '.the .in'ann ,more, pecu- the iFr671ch. liarly called Guadalupe, th~y take ltortoifes, :. I , T~e inhabitan.t5 of the ,fide of. Guadalupt manaties and\all forts of, €ommo\l"filh. , ha:ve"the, a(lvantage, ·on occafion of an in- Bafftltrrt The town, ,called ,la Ba.f!eterre, .jlies , on -valion, 'frolIl C!nC!mie~, to ' fecure their beft town. the ,weft fide ,'. o(~this pare I of I Guada/upe, goods, -furniture, ,cattle and even their per- where we ufualLy corne to ..< an'anchor, aho' fOI:!~ ,in the mountains, ,where among thl: 1 \,'o~,d~ theC~tihbee "J]lanaJ~ ~oods they have prepared a' fufficient quan- lhare of yuadalupe, the riew company ne- HURER'. tity of clear ground to fubfill: for a time: venhelefs took from him the government ~ the avenues of which on all fides ' are I fo he had ob~ained of it, : and fet up a gO:- well fecured by the thicknefs 'of the wood :vernor ' Of their own in ' the year ) 665, ~nd the 'ma~y y~es lying ready cut td nil , Formerly they had in this iOand five It up, that It IS Inacceffible, milch in the or fix fmall funs) at 'prefent there arc but fame manneIVas it was' formetly ipractlfed three, and five ot fi~ Churches and chapels', at Santa Crux, as I fhall hereafter obferve. or patifhd. ' There nre feveral good plan- There is a little Gill de Sac, or inlet tattons 'about the inand, which yield a which affords a pretty fafe harbour, in the good quantity of fugar; indigo, cotton, ,&c. worft weather, to fhips retiring into it. i yearly; ' enriching fever~1 of the planters; I have taken notice before that the iflarid who a~ ' they 'grow wealthy, make remit- is fubjeCl: to frequent hurricanes, and that tances to France; anu af !aft retire thither about the year 1656, it felt three bf thofe with their families, which hinders the ad- ,raging tempell:s, in the fpace of 15 mbnths; vancement of the colony, and yet it is the laft of which was extraordinaty as was pretty confiderable. At the firll: fettling there particularly mentioned; however the of lt, which was about the ' year ' 1635, air at Guadalupe is far lefs unwholefome, the chief 'product of the country was to- than at Martinico: the inhabitants whereof bacco, and fometime after it was much inl fend ' their fick people thither fot' change creafed, by the breaking up of the Dutch of air, and many foon find benefit by it. colony of Arrecife in Br'ajil; by whofe affi- The country all round the ' towl1 ,is grubbed ftance the'y fell to cultivating of fugar canes, up and open, in the fhape of an amphi- whicn ,has 'tu'rned to much better accoUnt theatre ' from the foot of the hills dO\\ln' to than tobacco did before. , the beach, and cot1tains feveral gond plan: , ' The Spanijh hiftories make mention of tations of fuga~ and other private, houfes; two Spanijh miffioriers, wlio paffing to the a frefh breeze blowing all day till tun fet. P hilippiius to preach the gofpe!; were mar- Fifh, fouls, poultry and fruits of the cli- 'tyred in Guadalupe in 1603, and ' the fol" mate are much cheaper there than at any lowing year fix others, who were to have of the Frmch iflands, as being very plen- gone to China and Japan, by the way of tiful, and confequently the inhabitants live Acapullo. . more comfortably, there being feveral plan- , The woods are full of fmallland-crabs; ters" who keep ' very good houfeS; and " I as alfo of very fmall lizards, very trou- may freely fay the late Chevalief Hirl!tlilJ's blefome te' the inhabitants, entring thei r table was as plentiful and ' fumpluous; as houfes in the night time and even into their any nobleman's table in Englal?d; having beds. I found one night by the' moon- always twelve coverts and three cburfes, lhirie a crab ' ftuck faft with both claws each of three and fometimes four di!hes; to my fheets, which weighed above a p-ound and ' as goad and nice a cook as Can be andahalf. But what is yet a much greater imagined. The pu blick eating houfes, ate annoyance, is an incredible multitude of alfo very well ferved; and good cheat at large ants, crawling in multitudes about half a crown a day, dinner and fupper the houfes, which obliges the inhabitants wi th good claret. to eoMrive convenient cupboards to pre" This ifland with Marigalanle, the Del- ferve their provifions from them, The feada and Sainles, were fold for 61500 rats do much mifchief to ' the fugar canes livres, to a private perfon, by the directors and other plants i as well in Mariinico of the firft American company, with the as the other iIlands. The fnakes are not king of France's approbation. One f)f the fo venomous or troublefome as there. directors, who was brother· in-law to the The inhabitants arc fubfill:ed partly by pu~chafer of thefe iflands, went half in p'ro'Vifions of their own growth, and part- that purchafe; but the former happening I y by ethers from Europe, as at Mal'tinico i to die, and the latter being at variance fugar, cotton and indigo being there, as with the nephews of the deceafed, the king well as' in all the other iflands, the fta pIc of France being informed of their qiffe- commodities to deal with fhips by way of rer,ces, ordered the contracts of acquifition exchange. , tr, be brought to the council, as alfo thofe I have before given a, fhort account 0 f of all the other purchafers of the illands the wreck of the lord Willoughby'S fleet, made by the company. to be reimburfed betwixt Marigalante and Saintes, by a fierce their money. The heirs of the firft ac- hurricane, about the beginning of Aug,,;, quifitor yielded up their hal f /hare of Gua- 1666, a(rer the lofs 'of St. Chrijlopher's, dalupe, Marigalante and DejJeada to the which I !hall mention in another place. A new company, for 120000 livres, which little Englijh fhipl having efcaped the fury were not payed till the year 1668, But of that hurricane, foon after put Into the the other having declined to fellhu half port of Antigua, and informed lieutenant VOL. V. 8 D general HERURA genernl Jrjllougbh of ,thll: f:!iflIfi':Jibefallep .meh~\lfe&;fllll.!!If- valuable· ~ommodiGies. '-""V"J ·his \\nc1e'sj fiel1t, .a.lPg, of,; ~h" ,fOllr velfels . :~niW,S-:W!IS· donQII1J"lX ~ays. T.he- Fr611fb ~hat were ',iiro~ ,up(;m ~~illtel;. w)1ereuPQIl (\lac1~I~ 'ther,1.dome Cimbbce- Ind,anS'• . with he refolved to p,ars pv!!r tp.i~hI!F)jmQle9i: lWlw.ft\iPj:lp tlley d~ove fome' hundrC!d' En- ateIy, to (Ilinforct\ or" J;ifinf5i,.\lIf.l~bll ·Englijh gUfo [Wijl ·aly elly high and almofb inacc«ffi.. there i ' anq to h~lJ.r. . f\\nqQ,r·IIlOI1Ceming , the!:>l!!hd\i . rNhlch ,s the laft refuge of the: pea- fate of the~eft orthe I\~et; , To this!lffe&. ple)n ·JlIl tlwfe; illands, whell beaten fl10m he fitted out feven fl)l~ll veffelsiJ,putting .tHll}rJQrljund ItIttcnchments, The Indians aboard them what fOI(:es he jcol;1!41 gath.1l1\ .I1~ ! th~ pr9perefi: fOD fuch· enteuprifes,: be- and imbarked for. ~ainteH flieeringhis courJ'e .ing,l:!red,,!~J. the .W'aod~, and. ufed to climb to. the leeward o~ .Guadalupt. ; Four, Frencb th!!< .mQuntELms)lke wild beafts, :: fhips that l.ay in' the road of that illand~ ! . Thll fautheaft point af Monferrate is. ve- fpying him off .at ~ea, t?ok fom~;foldil:l'$ry:foll~d and ~ec;p al~ about, fo that 1hips aboard and falhng In wltli . tha1;Jmle, ,Ell- f.1l1cYi Jiul .. .pY' wlthm plft~l /hot. The fort glijh [qlladrol} th~ next da}'! totally defea~d ~I qll · t4f ~ft. fide of the Illand. TheFrencb it: ta~ing fOUF of the velfc:ls~ with 230 )anded,)n a; httle bay about a mufket /hot men in them; but lieutenant general Wil. ,tql $e. windward of the f6rt •.. The ill and lQughby, feeilig his !hips taken and difperfed, ~a1\ , r<;ftored to the Englijh by the treaty made his efcape in a bark" .. , " "i 'pf, 'p.eai:e concluded at Breda, July. p ', i , ,~:667~" ,,< ! ( Mo N'S ERR kTE, ., .,oJ .. : \,,: ,: , . . ;., ,··d i i: S c}JNT'A, MARIAREDONDA ' .. Is .ai(Englijh illand" con~fti~g :0£ ohe : 1· " , very large mountain, and .refemblingJ. the :'; ~b named'by admiral Columbus, when he famous mountain, of the fame, mime' iil ithe !lr1t ·d ifcovered it, in the year '493, in province of CatalonitZ< in SPain~ al?outd l !TIemo~y of the church fo called at Rome, leagl,le difta!)tfrol!l Manrefa, .and.nine from is a little EngliJb ill"ilOd, lying N. N. W. Btit"celon.a; ,much refor.ted to. on .ac€c)Unt :ef of,MQnftrrate, 'being only a little round Ehe devotion. pay.'d,. to our hady there; ' irl mQunt, a!Y it appeared to. me in failing by lei, . monaftery Of .Benedifiine. monks; ., ftan4~ it at a diftance, and therefore Columbus gave ing in the middle of the mountaiiT<:·. ana if the name. It is very rocky, overfpread frdm that '.refemblance . the illand was. fo \vith~ weeds,. and therefore of no confider- calIed. " abli: produCt, nor well peopled, and moll: . of'.the inhabitants are lrti/h. It abounds in a . It is about eight leagues . in compalS1 almoft roulld, i[) 17 ·degret;s. .of north lati~ fort of fea.fowI., by the French called Fou~, tude, N , N. W . from Guadalupe, and dif- thafis Fools, becaufe they were formerly fo ~ant from it 'eight or nine leagues', It is ftupid as to fuffer themfelves .to be taken 0ID(ervilble, '.n th at in the traa: of f.e a between by hand, on the yards and mafts of 1hips h ~ ~t~ fea, andfome of diem ftill continue fo to e tY'O .1 ands, the current fets fwiftly. very tame; ' as I'have obferved in the ac- to the .w e1l:war~ for the! moft p~rt; only. ' f . . fi fome mId days: It . turns,bat:k to windward,: count 0 the navigation rom Guinea to h fi fi America, where the figure of the bird. u t e rea on or whi£h extraordinary motions annexed. .. . no man has been yet able to find out; This is OI;)e of the moll: extraordinary things to be raken notice of about thofe illands; !v ,Ni Ii V E S, <. Monftrrat~ has no port. or' harbour, and By the Engli/h, to whom it belongs, cor~ bu~. a very bad road for !hips,; . nor does ruptly (ailed Ne'1Jis, is a great" high moun~ it afford ,any great quantity of, fugar, . or· ~ain " ef , art eafy afcent every way; fo that other commodities ' for trade. I,. . 1. It has) all round about· tlfree miles of im" In rhe year i 667, the .French, gene~a'l.'dl proveabJe. ' land, whtch the inhabitants in- la Barre; with 26 fhips and '2500' men, duftriQully cultivate for fugar and other took this illand and ranfacked ' i~" after a American produCtions, being very fertile. vigord s r~fiftance made by 900 inhabi- It lies N. N. W. · of Monjerrale, about 7 tants, The French fent away 300 Englijh; leagues diftarit,. and · the fame number of fit to bear arms to J amaica, and permitted' leagties in compafs, but has po other p~u. '-- -- ' 500.Irijh, who wene there and. with their than iii ' goed ' road, on the fide next J'L' wives and children made 2000 fouls · to ro ... Chrijfopher\ . The· colony was firft fetded main, taking an oath of fidelity ,to the 'king;, thdrCl '·fn·'ehc· year 1628, . rome of the inha- of Era/Ice. The general carried off.from! bitant~ ' beirlg Irijh. It is in 17 degrees, rhence fixreen pieces of cannt:ln,' a great 20', minutes : of north latitude, well peo- number of Oaves, and abundance ofhorfes pl!!d.,<·and· has a good ' trade with Eliglan4 a~d ' cank, which he diftributed ' among andNewEnglalld, for fugar, rum, ginger I~Is men. H e alfo deftroyed about ftlrty ' and othCOr American commodities, in ex- jugar mIlls and houfes>.:, and .b urnt feveral change fur ' which it receives all fortS of provifions, provilions, ?loatlhing ' a~d .. ot~l1t'ne'celTari!?s! t1iteiM11tt lfl them;" l\~ ' dil\red' 'hiS; 'd\i~ ~6 FtERR.''':' The . fuga,r It a~o~ds' l~ 'ltldllfuretit' gtlo(j.i\ .flll~' \ rat1g1t1g :'aS'He£\"asl\e · c'&lltnhe cii dJl l/v-v The coa(l: bemg eafy: of ac'cets/it' has ,1 bHl'ibars-nPN~i.i; ' 'thllS ktePlh';':\~e adVi,l! been often lIlvaded by the'Fri'l1~nl an,HH!!raJ tageJdfl1~~e::wrnd. ' Jh 'tJMma,;"het the'tw'; " fore there are forcs and batter!cs erected ih fle~ts{lingawtl ' fb-p fDm~:' ROllrs, ) HI)th:""d~ '. feveral parts, .ro; p~event thehke attempts. mifals b~iiig- foF"',?ilt1hle;'lrl "gl'eit'dhn~el'; In May, 16?6, c1he Fl-ench havmg conquer- . but"at' lengtI1, the' 'Ji're/,cb"forted" 'c\rfe 'Of ed ,d)e ~nglifo ~arwof. tlilt"l/llind of St.rGhri- " the 'E'ngl!fo.' fI-Ig:i~ 1 ag'rountY1: ailti' blew' ~ p. flopblr, <;>f whwh I fhallr£pea~ l in ' ~t~ . place; ltlJ~tHel'i ' ,p I)lo~ Having f.111en intb' lblo( rpe.b\V~ and. re£elvedl a; . fu.ppl',l of, a:mh1un'lbtm. and de~" 'rbom: ,. ''PHf.eliYr, ' botIl" ' !(~Pt a ' ' of fome forces, by four large {];hps,i' the:Frellt'h iuhnihg 'fi'gh't iiito' d~e bay 10f 'NeVis, ~om'p~ny had furmlhed at Rochtl; " and'b~; tOB~inu~lly' tanncin'atling each b'tHer; . till mg J0ln1!d by< admIe fquadrort ' of Zealiinl1, cl'lC':~nglif.73J ·ta1ik'i\\g\ on: a fudden, ll'bod tel \]n9~r t~e . Gomtnar;d: of Cniffin, , they reL ~h~'!fouth~ir(r:' wheteas bcfbre their head~ folved In. a coun~ll' of" war! 'to, :feeI<. . o'liit 'Were' ' tb S. ' E. I as: i(' they ' wbuid all have the fleet commanded by the'!ord'Wiliollghl8i iu&, agrotJrrd' under their 'fdrti!, and at' tIle w.hiGh was theh bef<;>re Nie~ be, aground,'" can1e purpo.fe. they labo~red day and' mght at not ' uP ' fb ..· near' the []\6re. as thr Eifglijh, Martmtco, and havmg ,mbarked 600 men, .who ran ' niCO" three flthdHl' Water : both fet fail. the. 16'\ of the a(~r~fai~ ,month. fl~ets ~nd:ea:vouring to gain 'the wind;; ,bue The t 6,h they came to Guadalupe, where Ifbll withIn ' mot 'of one another; &ut' the 600 men,. mor.e 'were . put·, aboil'Fd, ,w.ith 'Englifo beiiigr l tHe IDe[\;' failbrs, the ' p;.~nc{j Mon! dlt ,Liott, .the governor'and;C.!J.iiJali~' perceived i,t was impoflib)e:to get' th, .Wind Hin(elin, his lieutenant. ITh.e 18 th at night of ' them ;;anll' tHerefore me nigtTt; 'dr~wing 'they left Guaddlupe, being thirteen Frenrh on' they. maEh! ' for the iOa,fid 01' St. Chri- and four Zealand iliips, with. two firclhips\ floph8f, 1\a.'Vil1g , ga'ined theif point, wl1i'ch The 20~h at break of day; this fleet being :WiliS! ttl ' fupplr,' that ifl'and" with men: ahd between Redonda and Nieves, fpied theEn; pri}v,ilionsi: chi!' ftyboat, gal.Jiot and Bark~ glifo guard fhip, which being an excellent being fafelyarrived there, and the tvhole failor, :'g6t dea,r of them and retired under Prdl1lih, ' fl:eet ' am:hored 'at ten ax nigllt in the fort of .Nieves, giving notiee tto ' tH~ St. ChrifliJphe,'s road', The fight lalted Jr,ght be· Englifo fleet, by continual firing, of the ap~ from eight in , the morning till three in ",:ixt En· proach of the French; who were 'adVanc- tne'afternoon. Above 600 iliot were made ~tu(;~d !ngto get about the W. S. W. par~ ,of chil a: th~ ,!,rmch ,~dmi~al, of which 5.0 reached l/land and found the Englifo ltandmg O'ut hIS' flilp; 'owhlellkllled and wounded feve- full fail from under that point ,and con. ral men,:: not", o'ne' man' being killed .ijl.. al1 lilting. of 17 iliips, the admiral wheieof the .relt 0f tll.e 1fquadron, and only IilCteen carried 52 guns, the vice and rearadmiralsj wouhctelll. : : trhe"ElIgiijh, ~elid~s th'e twO: 48, the other 12 from 28 to 36 and 2. fhlps lolt( 'as was' faid above, owned they fireiliips. General de la Barre was aboard had ' eighty men "kllled or wounded . . The the Lilly of 40' guns, as admiral; the vice Frnfch give ol)t, that had it not been for and rear admiral 32 each, the other French' the, ill wo'rking of two', of their ' fhips at fhips from 18 to 32 each; belides aflyboat, the b~ginnin.g, of the' i.ngage~ent, they a aalliot and feveral barks, laden with all would cettalhly have gamed the wmd up- fo~s 9f prov!lions, to throw imo S~. Chri- on theiF ' enemies; ' and haY.i~g cut off their ftophei-'s, durmg the mgagement, which was tetreat towards 'Nevts, tlmr fleet had been done according-Iy. The Frmch admiral, quite deftroyed, ~nd Ne7.iii ,taken withollt having given the lignal of battle, the En- any Oppolitlon'" ," , glifo made a line from the point of Nevis ,II, weftward, in ordet to cut off the palTage 1 ; IA . 'N' T I GU A. to St. Chriflopher. The Frencb formed theif ." ,'I line fhorter than their enemies to con This ifilmd wa's by Chrijlopher Columbus, throu~h their fleet, and by th~t means pu.o the' firlt difcoverer, callcd Sallta Maria la one' " alf to the leeward, betWIxt Sf, Cht't~ Antigua, in Ilonour "~f a, 'church of [h~ flopher's and their own fecond divilion. The fame name in' Sevil; tile 'Englifo to whom Englifo admiral made his fignals, aft~1" i~ belongs- calling it ohly by the lalt word. which" part of his fleet ranged Nrois nearer,' It is' about ' i6 leagues in compa[s, ltretch- to ke,ep the wind and fall the eafier O'n the idg outeal1:and welt, iti ,J7degrees, 20 mi· firlt divilion of the French, when ingaged;' . flutes north' latitude, and about 1 0 leagues which o);>liged, general de la Barre to aleer, to' the ealtward of Nt'1.m, The lengtli his fir{t order of battle, to prevent' thell of it is 7 'leagues, the ' breadth very un j enemi~s defign; and inlte~d , of failing up equal, tile accefs to Ir is very difficult, becaufe ~s~ HERREU becau(e of the many}'o~ r'll~; /boa~j)l? !In' oath of;fidlliity to the king 'of Frallce.' ~' bouJlii:;l ~iit h~s : ~eyc;r~l.' gq~ ha~bo~r~. lLt . .L AlltifJI4. was r'eltorcd, 'to: the Ellt,lif!! ,by "gail\ft all weailiero: 1\W9ngwh~cp. ~tth~~ pf fpe treatYlof peace conc1uded at Breda, the tSCJobn of Pope's ~aiJ. 'T~C;/c9.~qny)$.~r, 3}';:r;>f]uJy ,1667:' ' I . r " ' .. is p~etty confiderable, tho ,much !n!=PIPt ni ~ ,i,), ' I ; it,; , ' ,L, rnoded by. wan~ t ofJi~j1iir-'~~r, 'ther~, q~m.g . ~ . ' :,: :! :'B- A R' B U D1A~ ":'. '.' ,,' no fp'rings, ~n? .o~Iy' , ~O ,fmal.1 f1y'\1I!\~; . , '"" I , ... I. : '"~, , ',, I ,: .. , , The inhabitants take care tq\ f~r's ~ife, al:loQt ten leagu~Mrtli 'Wand told 111e, /he had; !bId mucr ram, W?-r by ~aft·.fJ'DIP '~i1tigua, ' 'and '~epends on : 'itS , ter, a(nine) 'pe~ce"the·'pa.ir,.~T~ey 'al,(o. . g?-r goyernrnent, ,being .in,'18degrees of Qortl). ', .thh ,o/ater in holes tht;y,majJi)Il.>~ht~Cf1r91, ta,~itude: ,,,,It is fiat, and level,. , but ' wants or ponds, for the l:fe ,0fthelrfl=~F~.I~~ , ~p.'Y; fr~/h wat~r;and lwas almoft .abandon'd :du- ever 'thr ground I~ j Iv~ry; l' fe,rpl!;. L~IV)~"er'about tY(eilty or twenty five .rpe:pi;>rt of'the f~ren iO~s ,'f,it\1his fquaoron; lepgues'in compafs. i" ,'.. " ,1 f6nnslTng all theuway, anp. tqrn'q ,it 4p"liy . ",;rlle native Cafibbee Indianscall'ditLia- ." ' aireCtion of fome deferrers, making himfelf mliiga." It has been for many years divided "' J , ":¥aite{pftY('ofo'~ \s; where~r.that 0':1 the left between ,the Frencb and Englijh, the for· Jiiliid :had fix pieces of cannpn, and thelo, mer, poffeffing the two ends of it, at north· :t ~ei-I i~ 'the : middle of the harbqll~, feY~n, lall 'well: and 'Couth'.eall:;; the latter' the middle '~igh['i~"d hvelve poimde~s., :' J1e, i<}Q~hou~d part:between them, whereof only abollt one \¥icl;i~'Pi '~ill ,~?t ;.of, fh~rq, ,'\Jlq]~ith :his " ~eag,ue in :br.eadth a'~d.r0ur ~Io~g ; the coaft !=annon ,rum'd theIr i b~t.terle,s" w,here.upon .ane.anhablted., '. . Thls'mtermlxture·ofquari. ~hey , wereaba?don'd by ,theE/1glijh.\. N~ict ters' wis occalioo'd 'bythe Frrncb and Eng!. n~ ' itf~ck'd" a la,rge houfe bl1ilt .Withfree~ lijh:catriving1there, on the fame day, in the WO~F; '. "ita,n~ing.' abo"ut, fiv~ , m,jl,~s up tlie y,ear ; 16~5. ' to fettle colonies, of their. fe· ~olJntry 1. Ill , which colone) Garglllg. the go" v.cral natIOns; as has been men,tIon'd before. vernor had :intr~rich'dhi~felf ..y,it.h'his g3r. THe.middle part .of th~ iOandis not habita- ~if6ii, " which made a vigorpusreliftance, blel byreafon of the iteep mountains, with I:llic"inJhe end I??!t _'of t)l~m fleQ; . and the ~readful precipices l fepara~ing the other governour and about twenty ,oP.i~ers,;were parts from each other, and m thofe moun· made prifoners of war. The next day the tains .are hot fprings and mine~ of fulphur , Fre'ncb attack:,danother, pa~!lel of the En· and alom. , gliJb .J H;. . ' R ERA ftophe~'s, the !urd ~i1lougbby caufei1 ~he , o~ hisi!land:1as .unav ?ida~le, and that he ~ drum , to ' bei beaten ,In Bafbridoei,1a nd hav- , had no hopes 'of[;favmg It, but by pre- jng ,there lillddfevefi/or 'eight-hundred m~n. ,;'Venting 'rhh'p :'tllat'lu! might do }Vhat he appointed hisT nephew: lieutenant genefal :jlfad 'i'erolve'd ,w idl, t~e more right and 111- l" Henry'Willoughby, 'to ' cotriina'nd: iii' the, en- ,:ftic~\ ~Ile r~nr 'his aid .major with an officer (\~rprize of :81; CfjrijMpb~r's; :, a:!id" 6r~e'fed ~to';coIOnt;r~llItJthe Englijh ,governor, to veffels to be IgOt' rea'~Jyrfor:~rllrilportatlon. ',know of 'him on :what defig!1 'he gather'd ' At the ,fame 'time the governersofNevis ,'fo :'many ' forces,' contrary '[o the agree- "ahd 'St. Euftachius, purfuarlt to theIr advite ~ menes made berween 'the two nations: the , from TValls, had !liip'd-tl>ff -and ' fent the Imfwer w,as" that ' he had fent to him to d~­ "belt men of their ' refpeCtive iillands inro 't!ar¢ war,' and 'that he allow'd but three that of St. Chriflo'pher. 1 :':" '" : 'days' to preparehimfelf. ' ::, ':fheFrench, governor de'Sal{s ,beingin- , ,;rThis anfwerdid 'not only determine the j formed ' of thefe 'tranfaCl:itms 'of the En- ,ommande{fr de Sales to attack the Englifo. ':glijh, by a Frenchman whd had been at Ne. -bue lto ,do ii' fo 'fpc~dily that he might fur- -vlS'fome weeks before; 'lmdf'acqJairited him .pr¥ tlJerii~pefore !they ,had given their or" :he had much"trol1ble" ~'e , comt!out.of that ' d~rs, ~ither for an atta'ck upon him or . illimp, whe~e; the-Fr~ncb Wefe already tr~t.- for .r\1eir;owri defence. 'To thiS purpofe he ,e~~as ,en~~l1Ies ; and that there rw~s :~o other dlfpatch d:an ~xprefs to the jieur de Pqiney" ,dl(courfe, than of the rrepar:a:~lOns rnadt; commandIpg 10 , the quarter of the point to! invade t~e French :' qua~ti:rslO , St. 'Chri- tie . Sable andCabeJIerre, to inforip hilT!, 'fiojber; ,for which effeCl:"th'e lortj.Willoug~- that on the night betwen the 2 Ill: and 22d ,by,- their ,caphin-gener;al, ~~ade levies:t 'he :wotild attack the enemy on their north -Bar.bttdoes, ,took , the alarm, ' -and refolv,d quarrer, next Cayonne, and that he !hould ,ro lprevent them, ,notwithft'andiiig the'fre!h 'd6 the fame then on'the fide' of la Cabe- :a~urance~Watts: ha.dla:re~y'~~yen; hiIl)wh~n fterr~, that the ,French for~es o~ '~he tw,! heJfe~t hIm thepnnted .coyy 'of'the decla- dI!1:~~ t fepar~te quarters mIght Jom; but :ration of war by the king, of England a- 'the 'exprefs could not ,pafs, gaintl: France, ~hat he was 're(olved ,to ,ob: 1'his order fo given, he judged it necef. fer¥'elthe neutrality 'fetded oetwixt'the 'twq fary' to deceive the el'!emy 'by 'a ltratagem, nations, ,as it ,had . ~be~n praCl:if~a 'duripg and- t\!erefore, on the 21lt he caufed all, Cromwell's IIfurpatlOn.. when nb ' manner the for£es of ' la, Balfeterre to aflemble on bfhoftilitieshad l:Jeen ,c()mmittcid ,in: ~hofe the ' heighth'ofthe riverPentecQjfe in the i~a~dson :e,~ther fide; t~e ' ldF~ " '.f:"i\lo:,g'bkll ~outherh 'q~ilrrer, 'where he drew them up hmifelf havmg alfo !hewed ,3. 'great Imch" In battel, In the fight of the enemy; and nation to' entertain that nellcraliu'y lin .Am~c jufrat nig~t, havillg caufed feveral fires to ;;ica'; which 'he :hadrenewed 'wltH him, ' and b:I: 'lightea, · aryd left in that place about a promis'd ,that whatev~r rup~urelhou!d hap'.! hu~dred of '/iisweake'!l: men, ~ith anum· pen between France ~nd'E,~glaiza, t~ey ber:'0F'~la:ks, ' ~nd moll of hIS drums, ~o !hould not ,makeyrar m thaHfland, ' wlth~: cover ' Ius 'ilefign and amufe the enemy In out fi Flthaving refpeCl:ively linforme~ eitch' that "place , 'he marched towards Cayonne oth~r of " the ' refolution they ilhotild take; with all his forces, being'aboutfix hundred pmfuant to what fhould be 'trartfaGl:ed in and fifty fdIdiers,~nd fifty volul1~eers . " Europe, '1' !hilll not mention , all. the Partlculars of To this effeCt, de Sales having confer'd ' the difpofition' he made of his forces, and with ,the jieur de St, Latlrent, viho was 'his' of his attacks; but think. it fufficient to Iieuienant, he ordered about f~ven'~Jlunqred fay, iha't th'e "firll: engagement ' wa~ at the of Jthe belt forces of the qllarrer 'of ,tht; river 'Cayon;;e , ~hich 'feparateS the French iOand he was in; to keep 'tnemfelvesin a fr6111 the ElIglijh quarters, .as has been ob- rcadinefs; ' and 'on ,the I9'\ Qf -April was fe r~ep,- which 'is near a church, 1200 paceS informed that nine Ooops had been 'feen higher up th!! lland ; after which they pe- parting by in the night loaden 'with foldi- netrated into the Englijh quarrer, and tb,e ells ifrom Nevis to St.' Chrijlophef's, 'who Blacks' fet fire 'to all ,:the fugar-canes, hou- were ' lan ~edthere at 'Palm r Ye; point~ on~ fes and fugar-works of. the Eng/~" Next of the l-nglijh quarters ; and ,ImmedIately they 'p'affed 'the deep rIvulet of 'N1(holfloll he received another advice; 'that the day without any·oppofiiion, and having gairl'u '- before two hundred 'andr fifty ElIglijh quc- the upper end '?f ~~e rivulet in the plaiq;." canee'rJ, WIth colonel 'Morgdn ,at 'the heat! that ' !yes ' b~twlxt It and the five combles. of them, from the IOand:ofSt. 'Euj!aehius, they, nalredto' breathe a little, having al- with Ifoh1efoldiers from 'l!arb'adoes, 'were : niady'.'fuffer'd 'very ' much by the heat and , , alfo arrived at the Englijh ~~arter 'c,alled t~e -fmoak . ' After a ' Iittl~ relt, they marc~'d la Grande 'Rade. ' " " along a road, hemm'il m on one fide WIth De 'Sales , beil)g convinced by all thefe a :gr¢af flitch and a liedge, and on the 0- prcpirations of the EngliJh, 'that ,the ,Iof£ ' ther 'withfhrubs and canes very clofe and , '., 4 ' ' '',' , thick, thick, which leads to the ' place of .arms i!,aJI, feeing their f(lrces ,epulfedJrom thore,bISknBRA before the aforefaid church of the five "p,o!1:s, l'e\I'I,Yed ,to make a general , attack'~ ~ C~1Ili?les, and by it found an ' al'\lbutcade,'i~ ',Viith all .their t,r,oops, ,being about 1'1.00 ):he ditch anct flLl'ubs, lying :at , the,enC{y,,e at,t~ck!d ,E!lglifh rl.lat ,p.ad not yet ,engaged, ,pofted )n[front, IJl ~r,d~rjto (aq~l,and.chaJ;ge the ene- ow,l.thll1 .and ,without the ,churGh, There , my,\~vet~ , 1Nay; "b,uul\e ,Fre1/ch , perceiving ',the'commalldellr de Sales was killed by.a .!hot "by this .difpofition ,of. , tlie· r.enemy, that , ~n the head, and (orne other officers wound- t,h~y (lW.\I,ld ,i~f~Jlil;lly be forced ,fj'om thcn~e ,ed: ,his death diforder'd the French forces, ihhey .~.ra , not advanGe , fome. [maJJ fbrces .,but the chevalier de St, La,lIrCllt coming up before , [h~m, to Ifuftain the ,fitft brunt j lund heading .hem afoot, ,with ,fword;in , they flided ,fifty ,f,uzileers .aloog a ,.ilefilt' , hand, overthrew the Englijh, and .purfued _which the Englifh had .. not ~Jjfer,ved; on ·,them ,to the,end of,the rivulet, The road ,the , left)Of. :,~hetr :firft attaclc;';'and behind :,beiog then free ,for the . joi~ing of the for- ,:fome mes.,p:llowed only : quarter of , a' league above' the Englijh fort, . four hours to .accept of them, 'which they.' tho' the place w;ts ' not .very convenient for _ did; and figned them withinthe ti!l'!e; ' and I'making a' defcent; for ·notwithftanding it 'hoftages were deliver'd for theexecutio'n 1\.l:lS eafy 'enoLigh to land·on the beach, yet of that Ihameful' t;dpitulatidh; '1porfuant' to ' the entrance into) the river' ·was defended 'which, the . FreJi(h"were ' made ' mafters of • by ' a' little fteep ' clift, abduc twelve feet · the: Englijh forts and arms. - '. Many of the " high,', endofed ' with {mall thorny bullies, · E'nglijh withSrew frorp the: iiland, 'aQd ,the 'acceffible only 'by a little narrow footpath, ·French allowed dbut a few of ·thofe that Iwhich a fingle 'l11an had enough to do to ,were fit tocarry ':annsto retire,into Nieve[, . fcramble up between the bull}es, with two Monferrateand ;{ l!itigua; the , moft, were : rivulets full of rocks at the two ends, very {ent ' to .'Jamaica, ' Carolina, . Virginia,'!Ber- difficult to pafs. The Englijh, inftead of lIludas, the Azores, ~and fome 1to 'England. ' , gaining that·heighth, drew up in order of ; , . Whilft this was tranfaGl:ing l. at St, Chri- (.b~ttel on the beach, and by that means gave ftopher's, lie'uten'ant"general 'Willoughby was " time to the chevalier de St. Laurent, with on pis 'palrage with. eight"lliips from Bat- ' about twenty five hor{e to place themfelves · badoes to NeVis; : and betwixt' the great ~ before that· little foot path, and to repulfe .Jand of Guadalupe and Antigua, ' mer · a · 'the detachments fent from the beach to French bark going-. from Marigalallte to gain the heighth, notwithftanding the fire St. Chriftopher~s, which he 'foon wok, and .' of the main body that was on the beach, was ftrangely furprifed, when afking the and that from the men of war and barks, FrCllcb .crew: What news; they told . him ' riding within pitl:ol-lliot of the Ihore. ,tney had heard of_none fin cit the conqueft . '. I The ' Englifh' being repulfed hom that .' their nation had made orthe' parts of St. road, htended themfelves to the rig-ht and Chriftopher's belonging to the crown of En- lefe to advance among the rocks and Itones gland; only' that th~ }icur de Chambray, in the mouth of the ' river Pe/an; but the agent general of the'French Weft India com- Frenrh forces by that time increaling there, pany, was gone over to that iiland with charg'd them in front and flank, whillt .three large !hips, to carry away the En- feveral boats continually landed more· glijh to other parts .- This account made . 'men to fuftain the former; fo that there him refolveto throw the forces he brought wis a continual fkirmilliing for feveral . from Barbadoej'- into Antigua and lVevis, to , Iiours, and many men killed, the particu- Defeated- defend thofe: iilands againft .the attacks' of ' lars whereof being tedious; but in conclu- · the . FrCllch; and as , to himfelf, to expect \ fion, the Englijh were fo prelred, that they at Antigua frelli orders from the lord Wil- ' reimbark'd, after having canonaded a long . Ioughby, his uncle. .time from their lliips, leaving eight hun- The eight hundred men thi~ lieutenant ' dred of their belt men, either killed or ge!1eral was bringing from Barbadoes, were : drowned, among whom was the lord Bel- iii their , paira ge- to be reinforc'd by about ,. lamont and feveral officers, be fides five fiv.e hundred . more from Antigua, and all .hundred and fifty prifoners, of which num- to be join'd to .thofe prepar'd in St. Chri- ber was colonel Stapleton, who command- ftopher's by Colonel Watts; " in 'order with ed ·the defeent, colonel Bonely and colonel that number of forces, whiCh were to ex- Coller, and twenty other officers. The · ceed five thoufand men, to undertake the . Englijh fleet returned to Nevis. a,ttack of the French , quarters at St. Chri- ,By the peaee of Breda, concluded 'July ftopher's witn the ,greater fuccefs' ; but they 3!" 1 667. their quarters in the iiland of , who , defign'd to.' take, were ' taken them- , St.' Chriftopher were reftored to the Englijh, {elves . . '., . who in a few years put their colony into a In 'June following, the lord l-Yill'ougbby .good condition again ; bur were again dri- having projetted , not only to recover the ".ven' Ollt of it by, the French in 1690, and EngliJb Englijh quarters in the iiland of St. Chri- reftored by the peace of Ryfwick in 1697, attempt flopher~' but even to difpolfefs the French of when they once more re-etl:ablilh'd all on St. theirs, ca,me before it with his fleet, aboard '. things, but were fmce expell'd again dur- ChriJIQ- · whIch were three thoufand men of regular . ing the laft war; but by .the peace, CQj1- _ ph". troops and militia, detach~d from Barba- cluded at Utrecht in 17 IZ., France has 't~dd- · does, Antigua and Nevis, commanded by ed up the whol~ iiland to the Englijh. · his nephew Henry Willoughby-and lieutenant , . Befides the frequent calamities of war, colonel Stapleton. The lieet paired by the the' iiland is more fubject to hurricanes and fort at point Pa'lm'I'ree at break of day, earthquakes than any other of the Carib- and made 'fuch expedition, . that before the bees" as has been hinted before; but for chevalier de St, L aurent, who then com- which it would be a very ple.t fant and ad- manded in the iiland, could oppofe it; the vantageous place. ' Englijh boats landed above fix hundred 4- The , the , CariQbee ljlands. , 66r The Commalldeur de Souvre, with the the SiellY Dorvillim of the Frmcb, and Pml.' king's per~iffion, bought the propriety of derburg of the Dutcb to fiorm that work; the iflands of St. Chriflopber, Sa11ta Cruz, but the EngliJhfent out colonel Sedborougb St. Mar/Ill, . and St. Bm·tbolomew . of ' the to ,capitulate,. and they were allowed co· FYeJ1cb Americall. company,,for the fum ,of depart the illand witholll any arms; orily 400':>0 crowns. The king . ratified the trea. t? carry off theirl equipage to jamaica, ty in 1653, ahd yielded up all ,the right to Without landing on any- of the Englijb: them to the order of Malta, they only. Caribbec inands, :.which was executed ac-' paying an acknowledgment of a gold cordingly; and to prevent their retiring crown, worth 3000 livres; co every king to any of th~ .neighbouring inands, the at Ills acceffion CO the crown of France, and 1I1lp lent to carry them off had no main the great mafl:er was obliged to fend no top-maft. The confederate forces ' took other perfons governors of thofe i1!ands, polfeffion of the faid fort, in which. they but French knights. found fix teen pieces of cannon mounted" The new Weft India company redeem'd a brars mortar, twelve bombs, a hundred the faid iflands from th e knights of Malta, and fifty mufkets, fame ammunition, and for the fum of 500000 livres in 1665, fend· a -confiderable nUillber of Blacks. ,The Ing over thither the Sieuy de Chambray, inand being at that time of war look'd their agent-general, to take polfeffion of upon by general de la Barre, as very fer- them in their naine, who fettl ed their go- viceable to Chelter the little lhips, that vernors in them, that fam e year; not· nlOuld have occafion to ' go to St. Cbriflo- withfhncling the Commandellr deSab, go· pher by the fide of the Cabejlerre; and that vernor of thofe inands for the knights ·of it would be a great annoyance to thc.Frencb M alta, made fome oppofition. The in- there, if the El1gliJh Jhould be mafl:ers of habitants were 'alfo fomewhat uneafy at it again and keep fame fmall frigats there, this change, and the prohibition of com- to hinder the refort to St. Chriflopber with- merce with the Dutcb was as little agree- out being expofed, as they muft be at Ne- able to them, as to thofe of Guadalupe and vis; he refolved to keep a good garifon Martinico. Thefe difcontents were height- of Fmlcb in St. Eujlachius, t6 fecure the en'd by the apprehenfion of a rupture be- fort, which, tho' but of earth, is one of tween Frallce and England, when they the beft in the Caribbee iflands; and to Jhould be expofed to all the mifchiefs of leave in it a governor of refolution and war; whereas if they had continued fubject experience. The SiellY de Roft was to the knights of Malta, they would have pitch'd upon for ~hat employment, with been out of all danger, as being neu- eighty men of regular troops; and all ters. the naves the EIIgliJh had !eft, who were employ'd at repairing and improving of St. EU'STACHIUS, the works. Afterwards, by the treaty of Breda, the ifl,nd returned to its firft pof- Is about nine lea gues in com pal'S, lies in felfors. I 17 dearees 40 minutes north ,latitude; In 1689, .the Frencb took it again from three leagues N. W. from St. Cbriflophcr, the Dutcb, ' bue rcfl:ored it by the peace of and to the fouthward looks like a high Ry/wick, in 1697. '. mountain, but fhetches out to the north- ward in an indifferen t good country. It is St, BARTHOLOMEW, polfelfed by a Dutch colony, as has been obferved before, fince the year 1635. The . So call'd from Bartbolomew, brother to chief product is cotton, beficles fame fugar Chriflopher CO/limbus, whic h lafl: difcover'd plantations. It has no harbour, but a it in the year 1493, is ten leagues in com· good road. The land is mountainous and pafs, Iyes in 18 degrees norch lati tude, wants wacer. eight leagues N. N. E. from St. Chriflo- The EngliJh from Jamaica, took it from pher, and belongs to the Frmcb fince the the Dutch in 1665, and having fene them year 1648. T he colony is not confide- away, repeopled it for the molt pare- with rabIe, having but a few inhabitan ts, be- ;;lIccaneers, under the command of colonel caufe it wants freCh water and the foil is ltPorgan, who was killed the next year at none of the beft. However it abounds in St. Chriflopher, as was fald above. fowl, as hens, turkeys and ducks, and The Frencb having, as is there alfo re- alfo in Jheep and goats, which the inhabi- lated, polfelfed themfelves of St. Cbriflo- tants trade with co St. Chriflopber. It a1fo pber in 1666, invaded St. Euftachius, to- produces plenty of mandioca, whereof the gether with the Dutch; a ncl being landed ca.!Jabi, or ordinary bread of thofe illands with little or no oppofltlon from the new is made. EngliJh polfelfors, who retired' to their This mandioca is a buih, full of crook- MR";i"4. fort, advanced \mder their commander~ ed knots, and feldom grows quite fix foot VOL, V, . 8 F . high. high, .;:T~er.e are flXor'fevendarts·. of·:iij !)d J 1~: i. 1 :" , ;\~ ~?, . '.1 ,. t ,,, • I' • tIu: ¥iolet ' colout is ,the' beil, :I t. is . n!. lc \~ ;"ivS:~'N ,T~~ ~ ~ ,p::i; . !lIi,r d9~d toaifoxt' of· meaI;a8\Jias been. mid t ~\r J !~\ '.\hCj f"\'~'" ~',, :::J .'v I • ~ l j clfeWhere• .a nd .they bake. i~ ' ID ;largdIMJ !lclBYthil;·:bHJialzil.called )Jy,:Ay.; is about cakes. , . ;,', .:. '. ... :, .,dli :.£13 T', T'b thi~t~ . leagu~lin '(co~pafs~: !in ' 17 degrees • ;.Th.is ·t!land p~odil'ies plenoy Of. tobacco; 4o)mtnut~s:ilbi'th~Jati~udej /!?rty 16agues to and"ha.s 8 :: pretty;', good hnliour ,for veff"els thel ~ft,?li'dlbfl SI. C~'ijlopDer. confiding under a :h undred ton burtheolfl,,!l; ":". ,;)J ~\:Elge~helf of 'fmaIl tulls; of good ' acceiS j' " ':"-1'1 ( ~ , ! )('~; (, \. ~~:dn('J Mel! for j!a. ... ts,i~ang' propn>!ro prodllect '"Jlll ,j St: M A' R-Ti ~ .~" ":":" tbihgs ' of'· :!1meriealJ , growtli. l'The foil' in ! 4" j , J ........ ~ '~ l . i I:' t fOint! places is' nitrous. for which reafon·t ho .' ' lJelongs to the·French ever fIncCl;the ·yc:!p water. .i s ncit:' every where lit ·to drink; as 1645/is In the fame 10ngi[lJelt!c'as 'the for'{ ul1:ing' of'" ~Hat·J mintlra].;" which defea:. is !I1er~ ' in 18. degre~s 2~ -mil1Utes /.Iati[ude.'~ fu,Pplied by ciftern~ (or~ 't~e :~fe of' man': Its'compafs about . twenty five .Ieagues, ih- ktnd, · the (li:tt~I ;drmkmg that of the wells, ftant from' S~, Obrijlopher nine leagues north, which lerv~s: jllfo for other· common ufeS; ana ' is feated between' SI. Bal'lholomcw on: It has been obferved, tnat the deeper 'they the' fouth, ..a n"d Anguila on the.porih. Li" ,i; djg the wells, , the · fWl!etef ' the wat(lr is. It-, is inhabited by F,-enc],. · aod DutCh '; Tohat of (ev~ral' rivulets is alfo very good. one. 17anre~, a' Hollander, having enter'd anq ferves thofe:places through which .they upon it, as weltanhe French in 1635, anti pafs~ The iOand being no higher in' the each nation ' ha~ its feparate qiJarter. ·Be,. . mic:Jdle than in other parts, as moft of the fore the wars in 1666; it abounded in car- Caribbm are, f~veral of, the little rivers tel and had fome fugar mills; hut having fta'gna[!~ towards their· mou ths, for want been almo/t a\)andon'd, itwill Flot be eafily of a defcent .. : They abol1nd in lith, but feftor'd, as well ,on account of its un whole- the water fometimes ftanding. !till there~ fome air, as ' ofthe diftempers thought to occdlons infectious vapours · 'and exhalati- be :oc~fion'<;I' by the' badnefs of the water; ons, · which 'render the place unhealthy, as which : is alfo fcarce, and '. ~aken' out ·of a I /hall , again ·obferve. : . ... lake ' there ,is in it I ' befides that the land is . .!This iOand,' ever fince the year. i 6so~ bamm. It Iy~s alfo too much to leeward? has' belonged to ~he FrClleh, who h:\Ve' which renders the commerce with the wind- th~re a linle colony, The! air was reckon- ward i/lands' the' more difficult. '- Nor has ed bad for 'many years, but it has been it any harbour I and the fourh fhove; being obferved to grow more wholefome as the the paff"age from it to that of S. · Bartholo- woods are · cut down, and ·the inhabitants .mew, is very rocky and dangerous. live pretty well in it, and have good pro- vifions, which makes the number of peo- , ';' . ~ • AN G U I L A, 1,: ple incre'lfe; lind it is like to b~l=ome a f q I" '. • !.' . . confiderable colony, there being feveral I~ a long flat iOand, 1J9rt.h of St: Mpr: fugar-millson it already. The foil pro- lin, :lnlS. degrees-.3o rpinutes ·north lati- duces plenty of tobacco, fugar and inaigp. tude; eight leagueslong, .' and :· but of a and ~he.re is good pafture. ground for feed .. fmall breadth, whence the name of -An- ing horfes; I cows and fheep. In the year guila is deriv'd, fignifying an eel in Spa- 1680" it was reckoned to . contain 800 in. nijh, I,t'; is . inhaqited ' by"Englijh, feveral haHitan~s . .. i It formerly belonged to the families having retired thither after the knights .Of2Malta, as was obferved before. French had conquered their quarteFs in 'St. but now ' to the new French Weft India, or Chrijlopher in the ;y ear 1666. -Their chier Afl.!erican company. The Dominicans have product is tobacco, which has not enrich'd thl:: .charge .of. fpiritual affairs: The king ~hem, but they ~ontin~e gerterally poor> appoints a governor. I The accefs to. the IOand IS very dangerous; There are three ports in it, the beft in and many' thlpS have been loft 'about ·· it, all uhe Cal"ibbcc iOands, efpecially one of nor has it any harbour to theIter them;;·,' them, whi~h is a very fafe harbour, but , . ; j ~ fomewha~ difficult to get in, having two " ' SABA ' --' I ' very narrow channels among the cocks, no~ - . ; i ?: { above fix fathom broad, and the onc fiftee.,~ ; Is a fmall iOand, confifting of one gr.eat the other fixteen foot water. Within thofe Hlountain, J lying' N . W . from SI;: Eufta- narrow channels the dc;pth increafes to four chius, ' in :17 pegrees ·50 minutes north .Ja- and five fathom, all .within the porr . very riUlde"inhabjced by the Duteh i -but"is 'a dofe to thdhore, the thips commonly lying ,olony of fmall value a~d thinly inhabited~ fo near a fmall ifland there is within it. though there are now fome Englijh on ·it, that they . make ufe of the crees growing on . \. a~ ,well as' Dutch. : It is riot-.[o large as "St. it, to bring them down on a fide and ca- Eufla.cbizu. reen. There , " There is ';\ littl:e fbrt, mdutltecl" witli carl- 'non; beficles which the ' il'lha0jt~nts havefa ta.fe retreat; in car~ of beiA~ ~ttacMed l1y tOo g;rcat ;'( power, which I tjleyl pY6vidt!c!l in the~idft " of the wOdd~( 1 'In[the 'ye\lt 't666, ,vhen l they apprel\~i\detl ', being' ~tl tacked , by the Eliglij!J I 'the oIilhce' bb'Irig Iiig ,enough to brec? and ' maiI'ltalrf catr]ej with ' other 'convemences l fo( ' thernfelvesj their farhili~s and elfeCl:s~ '" Thdt r l'l~tLir-ll1 fortrefs is focured on ' lIU , ficl'es elther ~9 the ithickneili .of the ' trees fl'an~ing, ,1 M by rMny others cut down , and Jay>d'ath-wart to ltop up ,the avenues, 'fo: 'thiW 2b ' ir)'~tl who were well acqualneed wir~ ,the prae~1 n\ay i{eep off 500 in ' th'ofe par,ts which' at~ ealiefl: of acl:6fs, '" ' i' .. fil , Thofe w.ood~ are full of queefl:s \lnd riH~i doveS" very- !!i0ed ' to ' eat" ' b~fldes ' abpiIJ dance of land c(abs. They 'alfe ' fwarlll' with gnats, ' chlkas and other lroublefcinle ":"/:, • i.c') , " , 'I, 'inf~.;ts , which much ann9Y fhe inhabieafll'S 'n the coaO:s of Gllillea, and by fupplan"fl. ever .gain'd thereby, was merely . a bare mg the PorluguezeJ, who were fettled long difcovery, and dear bought , ,experieri€e; before them: . Some of our molt intelli. that probably an advantagious trade might gent merchants reprefented the fanie t6 have been carried on thither, provided ~ing CharieJ I.. as alfo the confequences they had had a ltock and power fLtfficient which they thought might naturally attend for that end, and had know n how to pre~ the fupine neglet1: of that trade. 'WhEre- [erve their men from the dangerous. in, upon his niajefty did, in the feventh 'yean fluence and effe.t1:s of the peftilen!ial air of his reign, ' grant a new, charter under- the of that ltrange climate; and from . the great feal of England, to Humpbrey SlalJ~y, barbarous cruel lies of the treacherous na- Nicholas CrifP and company, with . futh tives: but thefe adventurers wanting pro- ample privileges, excJufions" prohibitions per means for the aforefaid purpofes, and and ; penalties, as in the former charter· .meeting with fome revere rebukes upon were contain'd : ,which Jall: charter was, in that account, did by degrees lay afide all the ty.ear 1651, confirm'd and exempli- thoughts of making any farther attempt fy'd to ,Rowland Wtlfon and company, by that way. , the governing 'power at that time. : Whereupon king Jam!] in the 16th year , But confidering the .many convulfive of his reign, granted a charter under the fits and diftrat1:ions which in thofe days great feal of England, to Sir Robert Rich, embroil'd . ·and confounded the govern- and other citizens of London therein men- ment both of church and ftate through- .tioned, together with fuch other perfons as 9ut this illand, we need not wonder that they /hould think fit, to affume and in- our trade to AJrick fell at the fame time in- corporate into one body politick, for. raif- to ."ery great diforders ; ' forthe unreftrain'd ing a joillt ll:ock, to carryon a Trade to liberty which interlopers affum'd for trad- AJrick; and that exclufive to all hi! ma- ing as they pleas'd, without any regard to jefty's other fubjet1:s, under no lefs penalty the rights of the company, fet them and than. the forfeiture of both /hip and cargo, the company together by the ears; and to the ufe of thofe joint adventurers for then the Dutch and Dal1iJh companies lay- their encouragement. . ing hold of the opportunity which our . But fcarce had that infant company of domeftick commotions and divifions did joint adventurers made the experiment of adminifter to their advantage, they in- two or three feveral voyages, when fome creafed the number of their forts, fat1:o- other private merchants envying ~heir fellow ries and /hips of war on the coaft of citizens apparent view of fuccefs, would alfo Africk; by which they not only encoll- needs try their fortunes, by interloping rag'd, advanc'd and defended their own c1andeftinely upon the fame coall:; upon trade and navigation, but alfo wholly ob- difcovery whereof fome difputes arofe be- ftrut1:ed that of their neighbours; info- .tween .them and the company, which pro- much, that be fides demolifhing the fom, ceeding foon after to an open rupture, and quite ruining the O:ock of that com- dl\! company infifted upon the privileges pany, they took. the /hips and goods of of their charter; the others on their natu- other private EngliJh traders to the value of ral right: an<~ both parties at lall: growing about 300000 I. as' appear'd by their Peti- weary of fuch debates, as well as of their tions to the parliament, after the reftau - mutual loffes, withdrew the /hatter'd re- ration of king Charles If. mains of their feveral and refpective ftocks ; . How far thefe 191f.~s were any ways con- by which means that trade was again ficler'd or repair'd : by. that parliament, 1 wholly neglected for fome years. knolV 'not; but upon a reprefentation Vo L. V. 8 G · made 4 An Account of the Rife and Progrefs made foon after to king Cbarles II. that compafs of nine , months, fubfcribed and Jht jlr,/{ifp .RI~~ta5ion~ in_(h~erica, 'Yc;r~y A ~?p?plea!e.~ th*~ df9gn'.d ft?~k; his l!'Ia-~gr.¢s~ ad1@n(jJng to !(ui;!l.)a conchtlon jls -Jeiliy' grantetl a, 'n1f:wl charter ' In the , year necell;l,ily required a great~r.yea\ly fup- 1672,.1 to thofe new fubfcrib~rs, diftin- 'P!ir pf ~5FY}l1JS . ~'nd' 4,ibo~~~f~ \0.a~ \c~uld ;jl;uil,Il'c!Jli}lje !ienomihatib.iI oft~f1 Royal be well fpared from "- jlence, without the Afrzcan Company of England; ,,?Ith the \:langer of depopulating his majefty's na- fame ' tXflilrQns and· p~ivikges ;')Vhi!!n the tive dominions; his majefty did, for the fo·rmer · comp~ny 'had: ' it being previouny fupplying of thofe pial}tatjo'ns with Blacks, ftipulated, that out of this laft ftock, fa- publickl y invite all hi~ fubjeCl:s to fubfcribe tisfaCl:ion fh,Ould be given to the former to'.a ,new·joint frock, . Jor recovering and aompany, i for the; .dftimatdd' Value of the !liIrrying :on ,the : tr.~de. ,to Arrick; ,and th~ r.emains of, f~ah taftl.es,f~rtSand ~~e­ then .qofign'd .[ubfcflpnon,belng aompl~at. ments, as 'we.rc;. then In thelr.polfelfwn 011 ~(:I;ac:;cordingly'" his1majefty;did,jn ,the,year t-ile 'coaft .0f ,Ajric'k: which was done ac- .1'662, grantia" ntl:-v, charte'rtto the fubfcrib~ (lOrdjngly •. ; ',,01 ,\:- ' :' '. ers'of :thatjpioc,i1:odk, by: the name ,of the ., The .trade · of .Guinea being thus fetiled CumPfl1fY ; ofiRo.yal ,Adventur.ers 'of England again, 'and ca~ried on by"lhe .uniform in- t:oJ:J'car~yiilg~oma trade to Africk; ·with t)le fiuence, ' dir.eCl:ion and management 'of a f.ime rcexchrfions, ,' prohibii!ions; , penalties; fociety <;If .. perfons; who had" the ·counte- forfeitures ,and immuI'\ities, .. which we(~ nance and ' proteCl:ion ·ofthe government contaii\l'd ' ~n' the; feveral charters formerly anhat time; 'they introduced and · encou~ mention'd 1'\: )"01 ', ' .' . . raged the making .offeveral forts .ofwool- . ~1But Ifcarce ,had. that new .. ,compa!lY~ put len, -and other goods, proper for the ·trade t;htl~fdv.es -into at condi~ion. . of trading; of: Guinea, ' not . forr:nerly manufaCl:llr'd ·· in wh~n ··a ,war ,breakil1g out ;,with the ·(lites England, "and ~reduc'd the making thereof of. Holland\. 'iN '.,the 'year ·16 6ij., 1r he Dutch; to a ' fi:aple and fettled goodnefs; they who feldom ,or nClVer .neglea~d the taking exported ':yearly above feventy thotifahd hold .0Lany oppomlnity for engro,ffing' t.o pounds wor,th ·of the faid woollen,. and ~hemfelves .as ri1Uch as ' they. could (;lfl el- other, maoufaCl:ures; and -gave far better ther. that · or . any. ,other. beheficial trade; pri~es for the fame, than 'what ufuaUy is did, in .the :very:beginning oftho war"fend rJow 'giveh for the like; they furnifh'd the o.rd(!j'~ to : tl~eir. . ~dr:niral , deRu~tet', lyi~~ wllftern plantations with frequent ftipplies then at Glbr.altar; WIth. a'ifq!J\ldron .of'.rhlt-J of confiderable numbers of naves, at very teen! men ,of:war, to f~il ifur .the coaft i of mode'rate rites .; and in fo encouraging a Of/lnea , and to fet' upon theJiwglijh there ,; manner, ' thac they ' fdmetimes· trufted the which l)e fo ·effeauallyperform'd; that111 planters .to·. the value of a hundred thou- th'~.; year 1665; he not only deftroy'd moft fand pounds and upwards; till they could of,;their faaories,' took Corinentyn CaJl11i convenieQtly' pay the fame; they imported 'l'oi:oravy .. Fort, and the other places ·on befide, elepbtint-teelh,i red-wood, and other liliat l. coaft, but Ilkewife feifed ' on feveral goods, fit fdr being manufaCl:ur'd at home; fiiipsan'dgoods bel,mging to the Englijh fuch quantities of gold-duJl from the coaft company, infomuch tlla:e,their lofs there- of Africk, that they frequently coin'd by' was computed at above ,200000 I.' by tpirty, forcy" or fifty thoufand guineas at which means .tha~ 'company's ftock was fo a' time, with " i:h~ ' elephant on them, . for a m;Hih reduced, ' tpat thnlldering, that joint frock, be fide an incrcafe of th~ir capi- the 'falci trade was In Imminent danger of tal; but alfo feveral other pubhck ' and being wholly loft to the nation, and con- national advantages to t~e whole king- ceiving, th~ t the eftablifhing a new com- dam, and the ·· Britijh. plantations in ' ge- pany, ,hnd .a new ftock, upon funender of . neral. · '.' the ·fbrmer company's charter, would be But fome . time after the late revolutioIJ .. thee' moft effeCl:ual means for :recovering fevcral private' traders, then properly c'\l!- and carrying 0[1 l th~t trade, did, in the led interlopers; alfuming again a liberty 'of yeap 1671, ' publickly in,vite''illl his fubjeCl:s trading feparately to Africk, without any refiiling in foreign plantations, as well as regard to the company's charter, few or here at home, to fubfcribewhat fl11n5 ·they none of them had any other confideration pleafed towards carry·ing on the aforefaid in view, than barely the ready difpofal of trade ; .. anq thereupon many of the nobi- allJuch cargoes as they carried along with lit}"i ' gentry. ,and merchants' having, in the theu), no matter to whom or which way, .. ,,'. and ,:0, Noll, The Afr;I"" Comp.ny's P.tent cont,ins from the Strn;ghll mouth, to the Cape of Good·bop,. .~oj our, Trade -to.A!fi·ici. nnd . the fpeedy , procuring of Blatl~s, .. o~ ~ould be 'fdrnilh'd with naves in gr.eater. any. .o ther ~ommodities which ,they coulc! numbers, and at. cheaper rates, than could' get on .that coall:.' whether by purthafe 0\ qc expected from t)le cotI)pany alone. 'By Qtherw.lf~, Jo:as not to ll:ay long there: lor \'>:hich allqring (uggell:ions, and plaufible accom~hnl1ng. Bf which.defign tpey ll:u~k 'pretence&1 the parli,amenv.w.as, in the' year at nO.tpmg ;,,,but were too frequently gllil~ 1697, Induced: rf the c;ol1~pany, .as a mono- foon tepeQced it" . Fage ,8:- , . " j 10, poly incon,fil1:en.t with the lib~rty of, th'e . r Several ;pa.rcicdlar abufes are reprefented fupjeft, -and not ell:ablifh'd by act of par- as commit\ed .by.the fCj~arate traders. libid. liament; and that the,refqre they would The DutcE: CompallY:s agent : ~ajole ·,the ·exercire th~ir natural right of trading to private traders, and inll:igate the .1ltitiws Africk, as well as the company. againll: the; Royal Africllll .Ciimp'aIlY. P age~. , Thus they went on for fome time; and The Rbyal Afz;icall Company laife and ad.- .cq give the more colourable., title to fuch vance :I800oo I. of addi~iona1ll:ock. Ibid • ,their proceedings, they never fail'd tb The I;atives advance the .price of ,naves, magnify and i~prove any ac~identallofs ,and beat ~ d9wn the prices ·of bur Brilijh or. misf. had been taken ~y the Polanders a little _b ref~' p.~q ~ept t le ~1l, ? re~l1e~t10~e ~ay town be- 27 Marth; before our arrival. . . .to the town r/Cibin, that Ites a mde frol11 longin,to L"'lfib When I came to Leutfcb, whIch IS one · Zaros, a d{l;lc ahd town belonging 10 CO I11 - princeR.· one of the, of the lix German free towns in Htlngary, 'I'men to 'pfiHte' Ragoifky and his relation g~/J.!y,'nd 1 I ,LadijlattsJ(."a g~tJk,J. Anu. 1 be cau,re Il e ,ra'ld ohInS. relan' fixGermnn would not · venture to go farther with t !ree town, .. the pan there ' being in that road fevera! I Ladijlaits, 1N~o 'was a Roman cathollck, and m Hrl1lga. y ' 'y . . . 8 ' 1 ' "I' 10 rJ . ' OL. • A 'Relation; of a-10urney Jl.OLA'fB. in the emperor's , jnte'relt tired , to relide' 'I'rrillfylvailia) ¢ornfielcjs;I!!Ua , /1l~l\t!0Ws-: ,in; \./Y'V there; I rerit Midnarifkj's Hungarian before abundance; vineyards likei?>li(C, g~mi!,- afld " I" hand, to' inquire whether' Ladijlaus Ragotft1 wild-fowl mor~ than " jrll any , 'plilCellfnl,all r' was' there or not, and fent a letter with HUI/gary, the great aridil~rge , pla,ins,Qf the . ,'/0 hini' to the prince's governor, Mar/intis Heidonis that are full olh aHJQr.I;,S :bf; game Plenty of Hlilapi by ~hich I acquainted liim of my e'xten d'I ng to th,' e ,town, Bq' t"'!!I,I ti.l.l..S t Il e ttrh)e' coun-, arrival, deliring him to keep it feeret, I1e?ple do not . mind, fat theYb value . \1O~ • (but yet I did not tell him otherwife' than thing more than a- glafs of {hong Hltilgary thlt I' was an , office'r, as I have mentioned wine, garlick and fat ba~on, which makes Qefore, neither' did Mi'dmtnjky's Hungarian them relilh' their wine the 15ette~; and one ' '\ J,tnow: E!etrer: y, an~ to' forward me as foon may fee there ~el'ds of hogs· and oxen" • " ~ 1G as'p.offibk'. THis1/ungtlrian met me' again like flocks of ilieep in Gmnany, ,by a thou~ , half a' Hl'ile out' of the town, and told me fand at once. tiric' at tllat ibftant the above mentioned The third of April I went from ' Zaf'os iliifi;tiiui R'agdtfty was coming along with Parak to 'l'okay, and there I pafi'ed · over the bilhdp bf Cracowi b~fides forty Polifo nhe river 'I'ibijcus. -Tokay l.ieth , on the Tz- noblemen; wnerefore 1 ftay€d in the val~ biftus, where the Bodrack falls into it; the ley till it was dark, arid then went into the 'J'ibijcus is one of the four capital rivers, in The four 29 Mmh. town: and in: the morning earl y from thence Hungary, (nhe others are the Savu;; Dravus c~pi[al to Zaros Parak, fo that neither Ladijlaus and Danube) and in goodnefs and oignefs 'fle" of Ragotfty nor any of the Polanders did per- next the Danube. The caiUe ftands upon ul1gary. ceive rpe. In the village called Giotcke, the point that is between both rivers. The peCcripti- Aiarm where I lodged the night before, five Huf garifon ,belongs to 'I'ranfylvania; bu t of Dn of r., f,.oll) the fars that had followed us, expecting fome the 'garifon in the dty, one /lalf belongs kay. HUffari. booty, made an alarrn, but we being got to the emperor, and the other to'I'r4nfyJ- " :1', into the inn. before they came, they,went vaniq. ;The- town is open, and without , ,i ~"i\'", to an(l no, under the window' all the night, any fortification mote than the ,advnntage r,i[ ol.le and diftourfed with one another, whether of its fituation; on 'one fide of it pa(f ~r~ third ftate,. . ;Viz .. .t he Saxons who . we~e : that one.: may ,well fay 9f( it" ,1Jlinuit . Pt:'te- .prejudiced,.l:))'! it, neither were prefent nor fintia ja1Jl{l1Jl .. J .,There ,is,l)ot. 9,\l~ : to.lerabl,e confente~ , Fq .i.t. , ..M any other burthens are J)Qufqo in all the, town, except..t~ YOlF ,thyy . wOlJlc\;willingly, fee .,rhe Saxons . de- Wrote to:. l1lajdl:y, .'l-nq Je\t1j:d,a cofre(pol)a,~n~e ,Vlit!l ftroy'd, though they have r,nore reafon to l~'~ M, - . [he f1:adtholder, .J went ti\e , I 7th. . ,of ' April p~oteC1: and ; ~arefs thcm; i for wherever J y. '. tQ the ~aXoIJ" cities and ,villages, , the c~ief ·A~re appeat~. ilny cul tme. in 2"'ranfylvania, Herlllox- ~Qf:which ar~ ; Het:',1Jlw!jt.adt;; ar:d . <;ronft.(l4f' . \ca~ 0BWIng ,EO, tpe Saxon!> \ the rell: being.a Jclad:n.ndd, W.h~r~ver I,. lodged "YIth ; t~~ Sqlfons I . w~s .p)eer arba~y, ; ~. ; . :;.'" , rO,!!dl t~~ ,;', ' . . Hmnanfladt .. , 1). ,"'- to C~n{b.ntinople .. Hermalt/hldt .within the walls is .the great· with , his' horfe narrowly efcaped being ROL. MD. , eO: and bell: budt town of the Saxons. Grim-,' drowned. , We ufed hands and feet to get I.../V"V jfodt is the ll:rongell: and has the braveft ' over as well 'liS we could, and let the, wag. ' inhabitants, who may well be called the gons go at a venture: before night it .was protectors of the liberty of the Sax01lS, for fa high" that no body co.uld pafs that way : whi~h they.rhnd up boldly, though tI)ey : after us fora r,;>rtl1ight. , ; , do It fomettm, s too bluntly and fet alide, A good dil1:ance from 'l'argowijh the Reception the proper methods to be obferved. For ' prince fent me his coach with lix line b~rorc th. they once/hut the gates upon their prince : 'l'llrkijh lj.orfes , two hundred noblemen on ctty. who was Jull: coming into their town, ,and , horfeback; all finely equipp'd, arid about forced him to turn back; but they fmarted thirty companies of horfe, all which made emf/ddt for it afterwards. Gl'oltj1adt is remarkable afhew like a little army. 'the prince hirri., horders on account of the lituation, lying on the' f~lf was prefent incognito, till his marfhal "J~'lta(bid frontiers of W?llachia _u pon a fpot ,'of and fecretary had bid me welcome, the .te- ground, that looks as If It 'were a .coul'\tr,y cretary complimenting me in Iraiin. He~e " '_ by itfelf, the land being low like the FruF we faw the findl: 'l'urkijh horfes, the offi. ~ine'THr.i' jian werders (marJhlandJ) feparatedon ap, cers dreITed different ways, (ome in coats ijh hotfe31 fides from the reft by high mountaiiis~ of mail, , others in panther, leopard and and in no part like the reO: ,of 'l'ranfylva. , whole tig~r Ckins, others with Ipotted nia; it has alfo its particular name" viz. wings Iik~ thofe of eagles; their mufick Wurtzland, containing thirteen large Sax- were pipes arid kettle-drums, for neither on market·towns, ,that well may pafs for. the Hungarians, Wallachians, nor 'l'urks good towns all belonging to Gronftadt. It know how to ufe trumpets, and , in this is a fine fruitful country, but of no great, manner ,1 ,was conducted to my lodging; er extent than what one may look all over, The day , following I had audience of the Audience there being neither woods nor: hi lls to hin.. prince, which, was done with a pomp fllit. of the der the fight. A river runs through ' it, able to your majeO:/s dignity, and.....caepnnce. _ Hath 3 called Bartza, in L atill , Burcia. Croltjladl pril)ce's refpect for you. At the ~lftlience gmt fub- hath three great fuburbs, one is inhabited was a great number , of pe<;>ple, re 1)0- "l~'_ by Wallachians, the fecond by Saxons, an,d blemen, fome dreITed in Cable anq other the third by HUlIgarians, Here I was ob· dch (urs :; among others was alft'> their liged to tarry three days for horles ,.~!}d, l!rchbifhop I prefent. The audience· room other necelraries. During my ftay het~'1 was hung with 'damaCk, and had g la!'s one of the princefs's couriers arrived from; windows; all other cha~bers where I pa!'. Gonftantinople, )'\Ihom I could not get"to fed, through, about eIght or nine, were fpeak with, for he avoided me for fea~J, not hung"and had but paper windows. might queftion him how it fared witr the The pri!)ce met me in the middle of the prince of 'l'ranfylvania's affairs at the Porte" room; ' after I had in a proper compli- which howeve, I ought to have been ino ment alrured him of your maJelly's afTec- formed of, as I was chiefly , fent ,!pon Fheir, don, he '~9nducted me towards two chairs, , account. But fa fufpicious is that natip!), on one of which he fet himfelf down, and I that they truft no man, nor fhew any- ~on~ fat in the 'other. But after a little difcourfe fidence or friendfhip, but where it i~ fo~ and enquiry after your majefty's health, I their own intereft. went with him, according to his de lire, into 23 April. , The 23d of April I went in company, his apartment, where I ftay'd about two with prince Ragotjky'senvoy from Cronjfadl hours, and having on his requeft given him over the Wallachiall mountains into Wal. ~n account of the ftate of affairs in Poland, ~Tg,!"ijh lachia, and arrived the 26th at 1'argowij/o; he not only feemed pleafed but even fur. ~t ~~/~~' the prince of Wallachia's relldence; we priCed at it. H e afterwards hung about (bid'S re- paITed the mountains with great truuble, me a Gafl~n of gold brocade, which Ire· fidence. on account of the fnow, and the river fuling to accept of, he faid it was the Dombvijza with great danger, there being cuftom of the . country, and the g reateft no bridges where we paITed over, and as mark, of benevolence, which obliged me it winds much betwixt the mountains, ,we to take it; after this r wen t in the fame ,were obliged to crofs it very of~en; ,it, is proceffion to my lodging again in his foon filled up with water, ,accordmg as the coach drawn b.y fix 'Iurkijh horfes, that .[now upon the mountains melts fafter or were much finer than thofe the day be- flower, fa that at one hour it is eafy to get fore. . over, but at another it overflows all its The nex t day I was for proceed ing in ,banks: . for in the morning when firft we my Journey! but was detained by the ,paired over it, it was not very deep, but prince )'\lila Invited me , to dinner, that was Dinner ill ,before eight a clocl~ that fame morning, to bC,itl his orchard , Coming in his coach the or- ,the hades and waggons did almoft fw'im, to the', gate of the orchard, five marfhals chard. ,and one of the HU)1gtll-itm envoy's ferva.nt~ met me with fil ver ftaves in their hands, , V a L. V. . & K' , and R,\LA,iB. and 1:h~ prince' himfcilf met me in' th~ door IJIajefty's 'perfon and great atl:ions, wifh- vr-.; of his' rummerhoufe;;·.'where ·the . table was " i!)g that Wallachia was as near Sweden as laid,;' I. ~efore' the (u'/nmerhoufe ·{tood his ' <[r4nfylvania, not doubtirig but his tl:are min!MI'samj c?yrtiers:with fome companies . ~ould then be bet~er; wifhing your ma- or. 'Cerilian folclters; ' As foon as I :~vas en" Je!l:~ -wouldall?w tum to levY ,500 Swedijh ter'd, he conduCl:ed me to the1table, where £Oldiers for hIS owr money. The next he a'~d:'I fat upotic fu.o-riifed chaits; the morning : he fent' me by his, mafter of the ew,{,o . 9.f<[ranfytJrJ~nia fat upon an ordinary h?,rfe a vr:,ry fine pacer, and fome .compa- ben~ . < · Upbn the .rable · ftoc)~ only [our .. ~I~ 'of horfe ' to .conduCl: me part of my fi"lyer dlChes,but the . covers were of Iron. ' "fay; ' where, whenever I came to' a town, I Afier'i we ' had [at'atid difcourfeda little : al)\'ays met fOiTH!' companies of harfe, whb while; ·the 'fecon\d tourfe was brought ' in,' received and conduCl:ed me.' then:,'thofe : o(ttly" re~\nue, thar '. tlfed hi l '." Wallachia is, by reafon 9f its 'fituatiori, Wal/arhia d\p'e;:"~t ,my . o~n ~able;an~' , t~e prince's ' and g,o~dnefs~f the grou~dl t~ be cQurit- ~~:;rthe n110Ifters fat 'do}'ll'l".alfo. ' FU'ft there were ' ed one or the ' beft provinces m Europe. countries always 'four or fix filver difhes' bi-ought in ; ' Tne 'foil is ~xtraOrdinary fruitful, fo thau irrElmp7, the pririce and Ii' we~eferv'd in plate, but ' tile . inhabitants peed riot 'give themfelves t~e'oth~\'s .'iri pewter: The',vi0:uals were ' mu~h tro,ubleoin plowi~g it; for if they w~Il~:drefs'd, . and of a good : taft~, ~d, dilly cover~he w)1eat With the, ground, It changed contmual)y from . the begmnIng beats , plentIfully. ' The beft 'of the land Drinking [0 the elld of the dinner.' When the healths lie~ uncultivated, and is quite unpeopled, health,. wen~ t,?und, that o.f the gr~nd figl]or was, t'?~ ih~a b'I tants 'I iving a I I along the mouri" dI'\mls firft, the pnn~~ havmg. ~rft . made ta!RS, In ordereo ~e prote~~d by the moun- fome.excufe for' fo dOing; 'your maJefty's tam 'guards, agamft the Invafions of the ' health came next, 'which the 'prince drank <[a~itirj ' and '<[urks. The middle of the twice; . whereas he had ' drunk ' ihat of the' cQuntliy is all champaign, and not the leaft , " g~gnor bu.t once; afc<:tthefe ca~~ ~ill ' ~o ' befol!nd; and as the land lies uri" the heL~h of prmce Rago!fky of Gmelmel. cultIvated, . 'It produces numbers of oak and ~' prince of Moldavla. ' .At: ever;! forefts, that ftand here and there Ii! coffee, and !hewed rile of 2600 men, in Breila 6000, and in W-a" now, I ttl~ft ?l'ink it without burning my- divai 4000, to guard the frontiers. fdf; . ~nc\ I.nvlte~ me to come the next day ,8 April. The 28[h of April, I came to the ~anube" to dIne WIth ,.Ium,)before my fetting alit ; Qver ,againlt a town call'd Siliftria Dreflor, afterward he hung a caftan of gold bro~ or Siliftra, where the faid river feparates Qadel abou~ me, ,which witH them is rec- Wallacbia from 'rurky. I crolfed it , in konec\ a. . particular, honour I fa I took my rerry boats, and fo fet my foot out of lea ve,. ~nd weri t , to my lodging again, Out of Chriftelldolll. into 'I'urky; I was there lodg'c\ Cbr;fltn,. where I was foon , after 'complim~ntecl by tlom'into in ~ little dirty hbufe (there king no bet- his muficinns; caplltfls\ pages; ' dJoks, &c: 'I'M'Y, (er) in which lived Grecians. 1 was con-, to whom I was obliged tci' gi\'e"money for veyed to the rIver ,fide by fO,ur companies their coffee, as thoy call it. ' "",! : " I , of the p,ince's HuJTars with flying colours. Tj1e next day he 'fent fqr. me ' [0 dinnerl 2 M'J. I MdJ. The following day I .wll~let~h'~, to the au., Audience which palfed lh ' the" foliowing', l11an~er( Dinne< 9ience of the baJTa Gf..,Si/ij/;r.ia, . , who , re, of the ';fhe baJTa ,himfelf lwitl1 the 'ejJ~J1!J.iuliJf~ wlt~e boffo of fides in thi~ city, and is e;>\l~'6l.f the feven ~omel's familYl fat: upon ' thel flOOl'( eaclitii'firid. Silijlrin. vizirs, named Mclecb Achmet; bcif!a, he is In il. . f~par"'te ,ctij;ner , of the hal;]> ,,) I? the plied Me/ech, i. e. Ang~l, p¥.reafon of his mlddle ' llpon the floor ftood fbur , 10WTquare fine /hape; his wife ih c;\!tughter of, S1I;1lan ftools,' ope in tb~ i middlnhltt ' w~S ' white, Mf(ral, uncle .of the emp~FQr I)Qw,reigne and the,' Ehree ;Otli~rs round ,oitO,i When I Ceremo· ing. , Being come to his Seraglio" the chi, ~atne ini ' I 'w~s;s conducrecl !~t!!l the faid rues. ailS that condua~g f11.e !1:QPp~d! Ja)1d pr~i ft9Q)~ tQ ,J!t'PQwn'j nn~ the:wRil:edl:obl bee tended I !hould aligh~ fr,ol11 I1lY :h~rfe b~f iog the "me::- llP9o!1".which I had fat ,at the fore the gate; PIlG;,aS ,I thqqg~t thIS ,derQ; ~Il<;liel)c¢ , ,the ;I:)a1") before, 1 was going to ga~ory from your"m~jefty's !lOflq\lr"I rdcl~ fiji ,c lown' Iip0n,lit llogain; bill ' it fl'linding di,r,e0Ili into " the court Up ,to; : ~~~ , j1:~irs, il) the lI)idQlei , l ' h~d forhe ,doubt ,or other where twe;>, Capuci pa./fi, I. e. ',chIef door .. "bout it, ,an9 >,'pitched up0n , orld bf the keepers with filvGf ftav~s met m~, i\nQ ~onc other lthre~ ; ' aq¢or~ingly it appearld after~ duO:ed rpe th~ougn ~ large ~michJ\mbeqo WlIr.ds, th~t ~h~" whIte one \va.! defign'd for 1;h~ ppor of the audiefjce room; ; wh~re · r a ~3,b1e. :, E().ing; , f~e; , down; iJth'arbllffa , came ~~~:,<;l~fired to ral>e off nly fwprd",, :,!hi,ld 'lim)· plaRed.:'liil11fftlfl upon ' :the other , frool, r~fq(ed,;. th~ bcif!a r~ndJllg thr~~ , times tq IJp<;>n. thq1thirc!.fat the env:oy ofT'I'rtillfylvallid. I·, .,,; . jnfi(i::,upol1 it j 1 anrwer~d , "It: laft, ' ,hat" r th~ fpremeotioneq eJfenlii" f~t ,py." the barru ",:~",\.1. )Ya~ ,r~j'olved nOt ! to part ,w\th,,·AI; had r \lpon; rhq f\opr" lanother llga ,a:lfo'.upon the bien told of it in my )odging ,pr;forehan.q., '(\99r, ~tl· hi~ !ocher,,/ide :; aftep , chis, came the p.r;rhaps I , migh~ ~ hare complied. V)'ith hif J;llm)~r ~i) !aYdth~ I~If . this . dilh, . 'it was j taken a way,. and fings ,a j f6ng of the fQrefaid Noak, and another .put . in its place, f and fo they con" Ihews the rudera of his call:le to travellers, tinl!ed till there had been ferved.up about who ' tlfe :to give him a few aJPers. It is fortydilhes", fome of wbich were well one day's jeurney to pafs over thefe moun~' tafted; but there were divers forts of frit e tains; they are fteep, .high, !lnd the road " ~ers a)'ld,puddings, dreffed with honey, not is bad 'and dangeroiIs, . by reafon of rob- ·u ... ,1 < very pleafaIit .to "eat. ,W.hen rice, Doil'd bers; of vJhom- 'teh 'in :·number . appear'd . ~lJ '~', .l!!lgIbroth and :melted.fat was ferved up, to ' us;ye,'.' d[J~ft 'not attack us, .. but fled . v th~as at the fame time fet bef0re every inro •[ hel wbOd; fhe "1'urkijh chiaus I had one i.;-~rringer , with, milk, wbiGh rbey with' m~\\fh'ot\' at therti, but miffed. Thefe . mixetl "with the rice, .: and .(0 eat ' it : roge" m6untai~'g. ' fe;parate Bulgaria Minor frorn Rice ~he .ther;, this ldilh they .call .pilou, and is by Major, ' arid goli ;@om POlltUS Euxillus ' to b1e ll v',hCt n - .t he m. rec k one d one 0 f . t he o' be Jl1l. , ·fl' ce ·b e'm g Macedonia', all of an even height; there they ~~e~:rkJ. .the beft viCtuals .among-the ,"1'urks. cThe divide themfelves, and as it were, tncom- .defert , confifted of .preferved: fruin ,' :After pafs with two. arms Macedonia lind Greece. .dinl)er . there 'was broug·h,t , wate!'" and. . a Being pafs'd' thefe mountains, we had for ,to\,{el; thereupon we ; drank . coffee, -after the greater part eVl!nand flat fields through that we walhed our han@s l'and face adhbIitndifcoiJrfe , with two troublefome forefi:s; one call'd FiJlcy, trouble-' LelVe of ,the baJfa".1: took my' leav~;"of himp'and one day's journey long, at the end of which (orne fo- the bajfo. jmmec\iat~ly j.purfued. mY" journey; \ bl:1t [ uns a w~terthat feparates Bulgaria Majorrelb. 'about tw other fide of ~ place without lI~y danger; being convoy'ed 'by ,:call'd ·S,hrtlnna, . is a ·'hlJ,]; : upon which,as '{urh."·'. "',: ,. ' .. V.lul By- , the "1'urk~ , Jay,. Vetus ,By!ahtium" ftood fOF- ,." Being how' come ' fo near Conftantinople, Z4t1liUtll . • mer! y, the POlltus ;E uxinuj reaching'tr. /)'lvania had lent me; after the coach fol- the vizir infiO:ing upon it, notwithO:anding low'd fix of my retinue on horfeback, and it was Whitfunday, I was allowed no farther at laO: my baggage waggon drawn by excufes. Befides that, the envoy of 'Ira 11 - four horres. My lodging was order'd by jylvania defired me to make a begin- The lodg- t~e vizir, in which two ro~ms were fur- ning, and enter upon bufinefs for fear of ing order- n,rb'd after the 'furkijh farblon, wIth car- the vizir, who was a rigorous man, mig l1t ed by the pets upon the floor, and curbions o( many make him fuffer for it. I went in the morn- orztr. colours next to the walls; the others were ing half an hour paft feven on horfeback expreO y furnirbed wi th tables and banks, from my lodging to the Strand, where I went othdwife not in ufe among the 'l'lIrks. into a boat, and was rowed to the har- J 5 May. I was no fooner arrived in my lodg- bour next to the emperor's Seraglio, cal I'd ing, when fame of the French embaffa- Bafs Capi; there I mounted a horfe agai n, Welcom- dar's fervants came, whom he had fent to which I had borrow'd of the refident of'l'ran- ed by the meet me out of town; but they having {ylvania, and went to the vi'z;ir's haufe, that ::::~:~~rs taken the wrong way, had miffed of me. laya good way from the wa ter. Firft rid Procelli- at Conjlan- As foon as they were gone, the fecretary my chiaus by himfelf, he was followed by on. tillOp/'. and fervants of the Englijh embaffador came half of my retinue on foot two and two, af- to bid me welcome; and the fecretary ter that my jallizaries in their drefs, viz , a entring with me into a long converfation, high cap of elk {kin, trim'd with a gold my chiaus grew uneafy at it, faying,_ it lace a hand broad, and in the forepart a was contrary to cuftom to converfe with fcutcheon of filver gilt, half a yard high, the foreign minifl:ers, before I had audi- in the hand a great cane with an ivory ence of [he vizir. I excufed it in the beO: head; after the janiz~,-jes went my intcl·- manner I was able, fa yi ng, That among preter, I on horfeback came next, and be- the miniO:ers of the Chriflian powers the hind me the reO: of my retinue. Being cu!1:om was fa, and to negleCt it would be come to the ftairs of his haufe, I alighted look'd on as aIT incivility: befides, on fuch from my horfe, and was as good as ca rried occafions nothing material was treated of, into a room that was hung, where 1 watted a but all confiO:ed in complimenrs, nor. could little till I was call'd into the vizi,.'s room; he take amifs any thing that paffed be- for they never allow any perron to go di- VOL. V. 8 L reCtly · A Relatian of a 10urney ROLAIiIB. rectly in to them, but let them lirll: wait the tranfaCl:ions of lall: year, how the VV"'Va while; it eyen is a great honour to be ftates of Poland furrendred themfelves. brought into : a feparate apartment, moll: how they renounced Cajimir, and how at people being obliged to wait in the anti- the pope's inftigation the foUs had broke chamber or hall. their oath and promifes. ,Your majefty Thev;- In the audience rooo-\ there were two therefore was now about purfuing alld pu- z jr's au· chairs placed, a little fquare one for the ni/hing thofe rebels, and bringing them dience 'lIizir, and an arm chair of red velvet for to reafon. - I farther acquainted him, how room. me. I was introduced by ,Maus PajJi" and through the pope's intrigues the Poles had immediately after I had entered the room, made an alliance with the Czar of RujJia, the 'lIizir came alfo out of his chamber; and confented to have his Con for their we fat down each upon his chair over king. To this he anfwcred in great paf- againfl: one another; the 'lIi;dr began lirlt lion, this the Poles will never conCent to; to fpeak to my interpreter, asking how I he faid feveral other things on that fUD- came by that accident on my foot, with jeCl:, too long to be related here. As for fome expreffions of compaffion; then I the reft he _I,lfed me with great civility in made him a compliment in your maje- his difcourfe, in receiving and difmif- Il:y's name, delivering him your letter, fing me; fo that all who were prefent which he received with great veneration, could not but exprefs their great furprize, and gave it to the chancellor, by them as being quite -contrary to his cuftom, f:all'd reis effendi. After this I fpoke which is to give every body furly and concerning my commiffion in general, /hort anfw ers. After the conference, he referring myfeJf to a memorial I had with hung a coat upon me, and gave alfo to me, containing the ' particulars, together each of my people one ; fo we went away with the proper arguments drawn up in like r;nafs priefts, keeping the coats on till ~kiJh, which I delivered at the fame we got on horfeback, then I took off 0m~ith a tranllation of the lette~. The mine. When I was got Ollt of the outer reafon \ _ '~ly I delivered it in writing, was, gate of the vizir's fcraglio into the. ftreer, I. Be"Ca'lfe the interpreters do not exaCl:ly my chiaus, and another of the 'lIizir's fer- keep to one's words, but either ufe other vants, that begg'J fome money, coming expreffions, or add fomething o( their too near my horfe, he kicked twice, and own, which in a matter of fuch moment -threw both their horfes with the riders to • might eafily have-Qone prejudice. 2. The the ground, their white turbans rolling 'l'ttrks are much wandering in their thoughts, along the ftreet; my chiaus that was an fo that they do not take things fo well old and an heavy man, fell upon the other only from difcourfe. 3. They have no 'l'urk, and as it happen'd, received no parience to hear a long fpeaker, but one harm, but the other was fo bruifed, that muft make few words in fpeaking with the blood gullied out of his nofe and ears, them. 4. Foreign minifters have their and the next day he died. This at lirft fpies at publick audiences. 5. It is cuf- occafioned laughter, but afterwards it was tomary with them to do bufinefsJn writ-- 100k'J upon as ominous, that a SwediJh ing; for even the 'lIizir . bimfelf, when he horfe at one ftroke had thrown down two is with the emperor, tranfaCl:s all in writ- 'l'urks, this nation being very fuperltitious. ing, and talks but feldom with him. Af- Befides, they have a particular fufpicion ter having delivered the writings, the vizir againft the SwediJh nation, it being writ in The vi- began to ask, I. How your majefty did? their prophecies, that their empire /hall A prophe- :dr's cli· 2. Where you were ? 3. How ftrongRa- be deftroy'd by a northern .nation, of which ~h:r:ri~. vers quef- gotzky was? 4. About the defign and in- I /hall make farther mention hereafter. concem- !lIons. tent ion of" your majefty's conjunCl:ion with The 19thof May being the third feltival inJ; acer- him. 5. What towns and fortreiTes your of Whit/untide, I had audience of the empe- raIn nor- majefty had in poiTeffion in Poland. To ror Sultan Mehemet, which was performed Ihet~n nr, all which I returned proper anfwers. Af- as CJ Ollows. I n tII e mornm. g a. b out th, ree na IMona. 19 y.' terwards he a{]~ed, whether your majefty 0' clock, I went from my lodgmg by wa- Audience had defeated the enemy fince that conjunCl:i- ter to the abovementioned harbour, near ofthe em~ Anfwer. on? ,! thereupon licft mentioned in a few the feraglio, where my horfe ftood ready, peror. • to them _ words the chief encounters that had paf- which I mounted, and rid to the empe- fed before; but that after the conjunCl:ion, ror's feraglio in the following · proceffiori. whilft I was there, no decifive aCl:ion had I. Rode chiaufes. 2. The refidem of'l'rall- Proccffi- happened, king Cajimir not having a fuf- fylvania, and a fecretary of 'l'1'alifj,lvalzia, on . .flcient army for offering batte!; he replied, Jacobus Hanzani. 3. The envoy of'l'ran- Why did not your majefty march your fylvania , 'l'ordai Ferms alone, he had de- army back again into your own country, fired his own audience might be put off, fince they were not able to refift you? in expeCl:ation of this opportunity, when Upon which I gave him an account of he knew he would be trtated with greater -+ honour, to Confiantinople. honour, than if he had had audience by firing his orders about the audience; thatRoLAM D. himfelf. 4· I rode by my felf. 5. Be- note was carried to the emperor by a capllci ~ h1l1d me my retll1ue on foot, conGfting of bajJi, who had a filver ftaff in his hand; about 40 perfons, many of the Fl'emh em- the emperor fent his orders to the vizir like- . baffilclor's people, and French merchants wile in a note, which the capuci bajJi carried attending among my retinue, partly at my aloft in his right hand, and where he paf- defir~, partly :out of their own curiofity, fed by~ the people rofe up and made a In tIllS order I went through the firO: pa- refpechve bow to the paper. After this, lace-yare! of the jcraglio to the fecond gate, I was defired to come to diJiner in the room Dinner in where I alighted on a high bench of marble where the vizir was, which pafs'd in the the vizir', made for that purpofe, call'd BeckgilaJ/;i, folloWIng manner. In the vizir's place room. for none are permitted to ride into the in- (who abfented himfelf, becaufe he fafted) ner court; afterwards I went on foot in fat Juffoff baJJa, one of the feven vizirs; The inner the aforementioned ore!er through this in- over againft him ftood a chair of red vel- court. ner court, which is four fquare, and very vet, upon which I fat down, and the en- large, fet with laurel, cyprefs, and other voy of 'I'ranfylvania by me on my left fide; trees, more like a park, there being a then came he that laid the cloth, fetting great many red deer and harts in it. Along a fmall fquare ftool between us, and a flat all the four fides are porches, or /heds of round filver difh upon it, in the Ihape of boards fupported by marble pillars; un- a large water bafon, which ferved for a der the porch on · the right hand O:ood the table, upon which the cloth was laid. The janizar aga with his officers, who had high reft of the manner of dining bei ng like and large bunches of feathers upon their that of the baifa of Siliflria, I /hall refer heads, anel were drefs'd in gold brocade of to it: There were in all five ruch tables in many colours; behind them ftood the ja- the room, one in the front, at which I f.1t nizaries in four ,anks, all along that fide with the mentioned vizir, and one in each of the court; they were, as I guelfed by corner.; at · that on the right hand f~J'----' eye-fight, about 10 or 1 200, all well met baJfo, alfo a vizir, by hi rr:tl f ; at dreJs'd, with furr caps upon their heads. the other on the left hand fat tWuJUdges On the left hand ftood a long row of chi- of Ajia and Europe, call'd Cadi les Kieri I aufes, with their high white turbans upon out of which always one is taken to be their heads; in the middle of the laO: row, mufli: on the left fide of the room Nifim- The Di- in a large room, calI'd Divan, which is fky Muftafa baifa dined with the refident ~~:~~i~ their council chamber, was the great vizir and fecretary of 'I'ranfylvania, and two of chamber. finin" in the front, drefs'd in a white fattin my retinue; on the right fide of the room coat lin'c1 with f.1ble, to whom I bow'd in fat the high treafurer, call'd tefterdar, paffing by; on the right hand in the front who is a baifa, by him fat fecretary Klin- towards the court, fat a row of about 60 gm, and another of my retinue; the reO: or 70 baifas, .all elrefs'd in fil ver br,ocade, of my people dined in another room. and high whIte turbans upon theIr neads ; There was fuch a filcnce during dinner, With (uch I and the envoy of 'I'raJlfylvania were con- that not one word was fpoke, nor the r.lcnce, duCted to the left hand fIde, where we and leaO: noife perceived,; the attendants ferv- that notd our retinue fat down . Immediately after, ing at table, going to and fro in very good ~V~': ~;~. a great heap of bags of money were laid order and qUletnefs. All that were pre. ken. down before me, with which the empe- fent fat like images looking down before ror's fervants and troops were to be paid. them, becaufe the emperor himfelf was Money This money was not counted but weigh'd; upon the roof, and look'd through a glafs not count- neither is it ufual among the 'I'urks in talk- window upon us, wherefore none durO: ed bu~ ding of money, to reckon by hundreds or look up .on pain of death. Only fame wetg e. thoufands pieces in number, but by fo chiau/es run to the other tables, where they many bags or purfes, each purfe contain- had viCtuals given them, raking fome in ing 500 rixdollars; fa If you hear 100 diOlcs, fame in their hands, and fome in Audience bags mention'd, there IS 50000 nxdollars fmall bags, which they carry about them, u(ually meant by it; they always take care to to put up all fort of eatables roaftecl and fgcirveeing nt o fix the audience of r,o reign em b aurr:a d o rs, boiled, even foups, all together; for the embalfa- upon a day when the forces are to be paid, 'I'urks loolq upon it as a fign of grandeur, dors,when to make a /hew of their grandeur. Before when fuch people come to beg fomething :~e ~~htJa th ey began to diftribute the money, the from their table. Dinner being over, and p lejlerdar, I. e. treafurer, came to ask my the tables taken away, the grand vizi/' name, which he took clown 111 wntmg, It came in again, and fat down by me in the beign cultomary to regifter at whofe au- place of JujJuff baifa, who, upon the Venera ••. dience the pay was made. Then the grand. . other's approach, got out of the way, as on (hewn vizir wrote a note to the emperor, ac- if he had been turned out of doors; fuch to the . quainting him with my prefellce, and de- is the veneration they /hew the grand vizir. grand)'i. HeX". --- A Relation of a 10urney llOLAMB. He fpoke very friendly to me, inquired mony was to be difpatch'd in great hurry. .../"'.("'.) how I was in health, afterwards he defired After me fix of my fervants had the fa- us to take our place5 again, and to pre- vour to be admitted, who had alfo coats pare for the audience. Thereupon I with- given them. All this made the faid capuci drew, and being come to my former place baifas fo warm, that the fweat run down again, I, and thofe I Had with me, had their faces, partly from working, p!,-rtly long coats of gold brocade hung abo lit us, from fear; for had they Committed the according to cu!tom. The grea( ' vizir, leaft fault, they had bern undone at the and three other vizirs being gone into the leaft wink from th~ emperor. emperor fir!t, I was foon after conducred All being now quiet, I faluted the em- Compti- The audi- into his prefcnce. The room where he peror in your majell:y's name in Latiil, af- 'bco, '0 ehce ufes to give publick audience, call'd Di- furing him of your friendlhip in as few ~o~.empc­ room. van Hane, is but little and dark, and you words as pomble_; bur when I began to go two fieps down into it. The emperor talk of the fubjeCl: of my embaffy, the fat upon a throne raifed a yard from the vizir interrupted me, laying, he had ac- ground, which had four pillars, with cur- quainted the emperor with it already, tains above and below, round about; which obliged me to flop there. I then within were laid long culhions, which delivered his majell:y's letter, wrap'd up made it almo!t look like a French bed; the in blew gold brocade, which it captlei bajJi pillars were covered ovyr with gold; the took from my hands, and gave it [0 the Imobs fet with diamonds, the culhions and vizir, who laid it down by the emperor. curtains embroidered with pearls; the floor As foon as this was done, the caputi baf- was fpread over with red velvet, richly las took me under my arms again ; and af- embroidered with gold, which Wit walked ter haying made a bow to the emperor, The em- UP0f.l . The emperor was eighteen years conduCted me out again, where I mOllnted peror'. oLage, his face tawny and long, of a pu- on horfeback, but was obliged to fla y till charaCle;. 1l1~ous and !tupid phyfiognomy, he all the janizaries with their olficers were wore i ,\,vhite turban, with two black paffed by, to march before me: afecr this plumesor' hern feathers, one hanging down I went in the fame procemon as before to on each fide, and a filver brocade coat of the harbour, where I ftept into a boat, many colours; the grand vizir !toad next and returned to my lodgings. by him, and three other baJJas on the other The next day after the emperor's au- 20 MA,; fide, who ftood fa immoveable, as if they dicnce, I fent to the mufti, to wait on him No audi- had been nailed to the wall. In the anti- with your majell:y's ktter; but he return- e~ce ~~. chamber ftood Capi Aga an eunuch, who is ed an excufe, pretending, as he was but' cmuJII. head of all the white eunuchs, and of lately come into his office, (for he had what men there are in the emperor's ft- indeed been in it but eight days) he would raglio; likewife Kiflar Aga a moor, and inform himfelf about the affair, and af- an eunuch, who is head of all black eu-" terward fend me word. However, though nuchs, 200 in number, and of all women he was not altogether in the wrong fo far, in the reraglio. By thef6tweqn our m!lfiers, amI he man refolution, but are ptper apt t9' llak,e COne . l1ot.feeFlJil)g ye.r:rclefiroljs to· c.o,me to me, I Pmt. trary impreffions fllggefteqi t.o ~i)~11l ,by, ill kep~,my. ,vi;ii~ ,b~ck. aJ[o, and ~llm1iined with- affected perfons. I A'mini(J!e~ Was alfo d,aily, ill th~ tenm~, of ~IJOf~ complimtJll:s we haq, elCpected frQm' foland, who w~ n9~ lik\! elC~bangeQ, by; Qur f~rvants 'at my arriNaJ. to,. promote you~ majefty's intereft i bll~ 1[1: <;>tl)llf re(petts hl'l isfaid tp be an ingenious whllt I was molt afraid of, w~a" le/,l; :\om~ an,q difcrt;et m.an" Viho haS a good ehar<\cter encounter, or any othe.r a~qjdeAt , GQI:1Cern- amOl:lg tllli>f~ , tha~ converfe w.ich him. ;j.nd, ing Ragotfty migl~t . happ~,. . tbat: might i~ ' W!)U b~lo¥ed a,t; that COlll't, fince the make th~ rurkf W1l,V:e~, t.O the, p~ejllq,ice of , p.re[eOJ: vi:z:il' hi!.S. a g~eat regard fo~ the YOllr mlljefi:y.'s il1te(elt Th~f() ' JiPJ1Me~<\~ , hQufq qf AnJlr.ia; par~ly on, account of ti~Jls Pllt me upon tryingonre. nWTCl; wb~~ . th.9 iren~tj(m,w:~p, w~jch.as tht: rur.~J' w.ould ~h~~~f; theric was not poJliJ?le .to, g~,~ , a' C';onfj"mar w.~\¥nglr be Iil~ , of It with reputatIon, ; the ,in great don of their refo\.utioos.: ;'It, my t;a~illg 'lIZ,ztti. .t bli;l.!>:s mIght eJlii)y be ended by the credit leave, before the vi::l:ir p.~ocee.d~d ,on his. R,Qmftl1 emperof's; (w:hofe a,llthority he ima_ ,with the journey; for h.e w,as already' il)j phe ~l1amp" gin~s. to be th~ fame in Chrijiendom, as his p:e~ent 3· JUJle. where he fiay~d elghtday,s: ,aq:ordmg)y I own is il) the. TU1jkijh empire) obliging the fjlztr. fent to defire another ,!-udient:;e. o( him, T;wt#.ans, (0 qJe~ ;J1, · , Pqtal1d~ fj:J!l i)Wh~§ll. re3f~li} h~ has, p€nGons from fince , the conjunctio.n, \\fith ; &agQtjky, of 'k411fJ1wwia,;Wallaph.ia and Moldavia, and: which: L had .• ecJ:W:edJ ad:VU:(l ar;[ew;dI\Y.$; m.~nl Qtbt~' qu~neus, to fupport thll'iI1 in~ before from Mr., JfJ'ey . YO\lrr~ majrt.fr¥'Arllfi~1 t~r:dt.. when qm(ult~d by the Porte" which, dent at Vienna. H~ re~jY.ed _ ~e~th.all QJ!:~n ' h,:ipp,w&, Bllt as he. takes mone.y civility, .and an(w.e~ed, the l viROir had; aCe: in9ar1!llM; and as: was tillb,o,llt 801y eab of age, . and had becFl,Frtntb, there coulc;! n0thing mOFe, b,e done, \;lllt, to, 20, Y()ll{.s embalfador; a. capriciou!> m~n, e'!Jl~a{f.­ wa-it for the promifed exp.editi:on. I ~m,.: Wth.(:l,forapunttilio woald fer,a-fide all 'C@I)- dOf· . ploy'd the ceil: of my time. in .v,ifitimg fOe Gde~ation .. eve.n it) mauer~ of confequeR;~e, reigfi. among the f(jreign minift:ers, the French V'"Y'J Illake an excufe, as if he was indifpofed embaffad?r fenthi~ irlterpreter to the viZir, but ~he truth w~s, he had ta/ that F,:anfP ,and Sw.cqm ltood in (0, Qring me an anfwer; and a~ ' h~ WaS to g9. c1Ci[e an Unl~lI1; t~a! t9 comply with the. next morning to the caimakam on the (\lIj:i~ o.ne, was obliging tb.e other alfo; at othet errand, he wanted n)y informa,tion. 5. Hav- tlm,~. 11,e "(as top tepder. to gi~e umbrage to ipg already' heard of the French embalfa- th~ errtp~,or:s re,lid.ent. Bptl"l ' which cx- dor's capricious temper, I had left hil)1 the ~ure~ w~re bu.t !ffif~ \09 ~~ji Iy feep through;, choice of h;is O'Yn time" ~ith~r il,l tl,e fore- for on the other hand, he cultivated a noon or in the aft6rl:\00n, apcj. heappoin\ed, g~""t inti1l1~'y ' witl,l" t~e' emperoris reiident; , afternoon. But waving,,\e, C9.mWC!11 ql!.fe" A,~ fo, the reft, he l~eIlt to. h;im from ~rlflJfylvaflia., and defin;d hill] tCi9 \Du,~h ~C!ll]P'~,ny wit,r 11101)1<;5" and was to, a~quaint the Po~te of my coming, al)d tq ao rg reat 'pJop1()~~,r of their intere.ft:s, ~. man excufe my bringing no prefents wit\! J:Ile, l;le Inf:i?lte UWlg~,es, e~p~clally in t)le ~f1 had indeed done it but fuperficia4y" having f~lr~ WIth Vemce; m wih,,:h he had meddled only fent hi,s dragoman to the vizir ; wb.o be- v~ty Ipllc1),, ' 'a~9' ~r. ' which 'he' ~,::~l [uf- ing ~ proud and fconifuJ man, was nOF a lit~ peet.ed a,lId p'at~.q. P-Y tpe ~tlrks, who in~e~o tk provoked at it. After my arr·ival, ce.~t.e9 fome of.~IS l~tt~rs [Q t~~ Venetians, when an aiack divan (that is, i general a.llP by that f!l~aps were cjJt:\l,\! tIlt khQw what council) ha~ been held, conc;erJ;)ing my .fl!: 1. :rw. ~,a9, l?~el1 p~id l,l\fl) py ~~l\t \epublick: . commi,lUon, and tlie writing I h,ad given r~,~ J!-flf,lijh,. f!tl,!;Ja ffad 9r,. !ord~ho,,!,as The Eflg· in, . after the brea~ing l,lp of wl),ich, tP~ ~~",4~ffi pa,\c\ ll)~ th!: lirlt vllit, 9n whIch liJh em: 'IJ~itj f"'.1i down and difcourfed .on trat ~ul:>" 9.~~fi'6n; · :j~ well as pe{ore in his fr~ql!ent balT.dor. jet\:; among others, one ca\gd, Sali pil)ft! rn¢:Wt~~ ~o me, l),~JIf~re.d lI\e in many ~!ld began to fpeak of your maJelty and your ftrP!1g e~pre~on~ oX hIS ye,!eratio~ap'9 exploits, muc]! in the fa!TI<; terms pe ha.d ~0,94 interiS~9.l)s towa,rds >:our :.n~jefl;y a,nd heard me tal k the day b6fOFe, apd turned th~ cp,!l)mon sa,ufe, offermg hllpfelf" l1loft his difcourfe to this conclufi")I1, they ought f~<\?.iJy tp ?-fT;i~ r:n~ in ~lItli~.t ~.ould b~ fo~ by all means t.o lay hold ,?f t~is ,?pport.u- yqlJfll).~~,,(l;y ~r~{~i.~~ l,JPOfill)X a.rriv~l, he !.lity ofe mbraP'1g y9,tJr ffi1IJ efty s fr~end[}llp. h;lQ call q ~)1 t~e E.nglifh merchanrs at Con- 'Qpon t\lis M.la B.orde the frenc.!? emb;lffl\- J}q}}Ji~ople ~0g;e~,h9r, repr~f~ntillg to the~ Qor's gldeft interp.reter, who had. be,!;p' fellt ~qe,W~~t {pe!ld!p.lP Ih~t 'f'~~ between Y9ur J:hi1;her prepared, began to . C;<\lltlon them, rn~J,~f,ty ~m! ~he pwteCl:qr, af!d .a~quainted faying, They lhould be "'I\'~re of the t.h,~·with the' \triCl: orders h~ l)a\1 from hi,? Swedes; for it is jI nation , (thefe were h~ toefpo\l[e, h!s.S~{difh maJe.fty's \n(erefl: et this !lxprelIiops) 'l\'ho, jf they ,fall ,g,et a h9)e ,crewtl ner~f6re,. [e~i~g your majefty's His C%.- prellio big enol1gl1 t9 put. a lingeql}t,~, they ~111 ,~nW:f, W;lsl .!19W ~r~IY'.~" h ," ~'fhorted ' th,~nl n concern- not give ov~r, tIll ~hey C~f\ follow Wlcl:J t9' 9-eglect .J19 .OBPqrt\lnIty of givi',g ,tq r lI ing the t.beir whole ,\:lody; Polan,d ,th~,y ,haye ~he'~rks ,wi~h ;r"horn ~hey ~9,n,v.erfed" fu~h Swedijb already brougJ,t up~er theiry~k~; if '~hey ;ilPWi';(li,()I1~ ,~s pw~pt ten9~9 yout. maJe- nation. are allowed to keep It, they wII,1 [90n 19n~ ;fiy's a,dvaQt;!ge, '\l1d .t9, tIw pfomotmg of for Moldavi4 and Wallachia allo: .~nd a,t , ~h~ ~omqio\l' ~a,\1f.ei He,IliI11felf at ' l11Y lalt , extend their t;lelir~s even beyond ~he ~equtjft w~!l\ 1 ilJperf9n t() the caimaka~Jl;, Danube; you ha VI; .better neigh\i9,urs ?f -\h~ mufti, 'tl~~ )tlJlanciPf1fi., and others of the, :poles; c~lnfeq\lel1tly it is m,?re advlf- his aCl1uai.rir~,l1c¢, f~ltirig forth to them the able for you to affift ,[he,m .In qrIving thF J'~a(lil1s ~lja,f were ,ll]0Il: co,ndllClv~ t.o the Swedes qll~ of Pol(!nd. I hap, qr;liverep :~,? Fl19S pro~()f~d. T8. fum up .all, he left the vi:zir on the 15tH of .JuJ)ea , p~E~r. J\l .potp.~ng un~r;e.d : t9, ~Ive real )?roofs of all IWhich I J:Ilemion'4 the a)jla':lct;S""zlld fnMf\9i that ,~~!\ b,r:ltfil~c! ,of aJ! :ally .and fnend; fuip that were fllP.liftiqg betw~f\lris r:vt'- ~11~l', ~his ,i)pt 10p'ly 'ip t!)~~~g!nqin.l?i' ,but Jefty ~nd !'r@nce, ,, f;J,c. Th~ 'l'!zlr,r ~llvlP.g :a\: , extraor,d.lr,fl) ~alf a y;eat 'periorib'us"noflris .1iteris ad ferenitatenl ve- T he refl- ago" wa~ : t~eq !n pnfon, ~r'4,1:,!a1J,o~le.', ' ftram ,c1: ' xvi:-Junii prOXi\11e praeteriti anni dent of , I lIved In ' confidence, irs of mis in communem rem confulamus rati- the troubles that happened at fultan Amu- '{uri". onefque ineamus, quibus utriufque partis rat's acceffion to the throne, and the re- vicini, quandoque extra ju!titire veftigia volt of Babyloll where he leaves off. exorbitantes, ad juris & requitatis nor- Although fultan Murat at the begin- Salt,n mam redigantur. ~od fi ferenitas veftra ning of his reign appeared only of an ef- Murat velit permittere & auctoritate fua ita diri- feminate and voluptuous temper, particu- given to gere, ut cham us Crimenfis nobifcum armo- larly given to poetr.y and mufick, and in vo~up~u­ rum focietatem contra magnum Mofco- love with an Armenian young man called ~~e~~s;nol via: ducem inire poffit ; & flmnl alia non- Mula Cit /ebi, for whofe fake he renounced munck. nulla, qure ferenitati veftrre nofter ex~ra­ all converfation with women; yet this ordinarius ablegatus pluribus exponet, pro- youth being afterwards forcibly and with curatione fua promovere, fecerit quidem threatnings taken from him by the janiza- hoc ipfo nobis rem gratam, fed fibi cum ries, and cut ta pieces before his eyes, he. primis proprioque fuo fl:atui nunc & in fell into melancholy, to drive away which futurum valde proficuam & pene necef- he was advifed to drink wine, to which he fariam. ~am rem tatam & quibus fun- was not a little inclined before from the damentis ducti, confidamus ferenitatem praifes he found of it in the poetical writ- veftram infupradida noftra poftulata condef- ings which he read every day. And hav- cenfuram, depromet etiam frepe jam nomi- ing the beft forts of wines brought him To wine. Datlls Dofter confiliarius. QL1are ferenitatem from all places, he gave himfe1f up .to VOL. V. 8 N drink- ~._ '~-./ A 11.elation of ii ' 'Journey' ROLAIIB. -drinking to fuch excelS, that it wrought but the faid ' general was totaily defeated V'"\"" an entire change of his ' mind, to fuch a by Konitz Polfoi; nor had Hufrtf Pa./fo degree, that he would often go privately better fuecers againft BabJlon. Sultan ~o taverns and fpend there half .the day Murat having thus mifcamed in one of in drinking; nor would he mind any his defigns, he was perfuaded by 8zabin thing but looking at , the exercifes and aga to make peace with Poland; after 1jlam fights of his young favourites called which he m;!1'ched in perfonrwith four'hun- lzoglans and Mu/kahys, or even getting on dred thol1fand men, firll: againll: ,]hre'/Jan, horfeback him1Clf, mingling with them, and then againll: Babylon, both which pla- and fighting with a kind of [pear, which ces he [Ook by capitulation; the former Thecr. ., h they c;lll girid; and then his greatell: di- in the year 1045. in the month of Seffir ; .led, ,~, qoJX!~ t}la} c:ithllFllhey mtghc,gain ", ": duced ; fo low;, ,. the jflntzdrieJ carri~d aU hiril \.oyerj ,! or .find outm\!l!rIs to put him :.' before -them, ane(, with. .,themdne .¢ou!cl do e),!t ,of; ~he .,way. ,In order ; ther~fore ",te) what £he Flea:sld by, the , means pC Beflafo hincleI'the . 'I!i:1:!r,· ~ from frining up tho 'Jileo- His inCo- their agQ,i whore: : ittfoleM() '· wils;. C!oq-le );[0 ~JI' ttl.! ~ , ,~'hhe G' Glrrim0n pe07 with ~he ag~ qf the janizari(J endeavoured gainflhim, pie "bl, :, t (j' whole City,!, alllDg" gatherltd with all their might to eftablifh their own, there in ," a, few, hours,w.ent ·;to rhe mufti; which could no~be done, iunlefs the em- arld .to Nkkib effendii ~ilie. ,he~d,of .Maho,", peror wa~ qethroned, !lnd :. his br0toe1l' met's family, .a great dignity,ittT\ongthertJ) fuJtan Soliman fet up in hisi place, as .oI WhOl~~ rhciy forced , alon@ lwitln:them t.o, nne mentidned be(0re.: . In orct~~ to bring this , fer.aglid, deGred;tci fpeakWitlllthe empabt, abQut, Bef!afiz;, riali'd a divan together, to iltEiAJz '" . '" thadGthl!ir cQmplaintS!t- ,ofl,the emperor's houlholdi ,(the:Jatt~r the vizir qitluspaffa, was yet wanting ·; Mlh l,cU,e C01!l1r:mand 0v,e~ aJIl:,wqm~n; and btit . he ,was, fellt.Jor at mi~night, with an Moorj" and the former over aILmen:inl , the innent, either J:O make him confent to their ler.ag[io) found thls-fair oppGrtuniuy to .ruin fcheme,. ~r, i(l c;fe of refufal, to kill hilll " . B~ftafz· aga, and to d1:abliili the emper,or ~ hC!r~ Oil . the fpot. The vizir, though And Cend. his: Fuill ' upon. the. throne, .a nd Eheref0r~,entallragei!l fully fenfible ,!lf the1great danger he would for the vi- intended, the emperor, Dt to let" jLnipl ~.but. to get ~lI!p,ofe: himfel.f, to-, if h~went, and of th,e ~:h~r=fr~­ the~, .eommon pC0p!e : on· , h~ fide; . a(ld:lhE mdlgnlty offered '.to' IllS perfon, he by hiS hasthe theai " on" againft ' the janizarits . . 'Acc0r, c;n~ployment having [oldy the power of (ole power dirigly. the vizir Meler;b dfbtlle~ paff'a was c,0nvokillg a divan" and this, 11,0 where ,ex,. of calling f~nri fou; and" immecliattll¥l d~p.a(ed ,f~om cept,.i!I . [he [eraglio, or, in his own houfe: one. hig, offi Qe .in', the. fight of.· Ehe .peopl~, T and NevertheJefs, being, a :man of. [enf~, ,and GbialIJ }aff.d .plit.ilil ,eis pilt~e.I"whGJ fonme,; of all" undaunted ) fpirit. he we lit wito a f!l'laU fmall a~tendance to the f.~id afferrtblr ~ ot! tlnlir ~f4'\itil~)' tGIh,ed inMb~ t~e 'dld'R~LAMB:' where he fou~d 10000 janiz.artes cltaW)l\Jp~ en)'J'>'ref~, {el~~dlfer; lllid 'p,ut'h'er 'Ultil'ir'fdfe' in arms befdfe' the nlofquel with' burning' r6'Oln' ,iliidk a~ doT~ , g,u~rif,' ,; This' Ib~iHg; ; ~~~~~d' matches, However, he proceeded" an:cr dofie,' ' thd vlzt? An'd [he fald Kijlar 21ga,empreCI, entered thei,r affembly, tho' : BeElaft rreither W'~fit\ into' eWe' ,enl'pe'fo1"s ' ;ipah~nrent; 'and' met him, nor yielded th'e upperlu\nd to', by fighs "Sidh tlie' ytcilrie'n w~6 'w:ltchdf him; of a,tl ,vhich he took ncrn\Stice" ]jut , tlj~e;, to Wak.~ thd 'el'nperor ;'an'd' tHe '~rti- ' te'n1porized , Having heard their p'rti1P(),.~ pMfs ;' wlrt~h a"cco'tdingly [ne~' diJ~" Witll' liti'on,' concetlling the eleCtioh '(i)il , falran', o\n fpe-akrug"6h« ,vMcl; a'ifo B1 figris' o'irly Soliman, he returned an anfwef;,' as" if he- (f'0'1' at dfe- 'l'lir~ifo C'ourt it 'i\ ' die' gertbtaj'Theoon- was very well pleafecl' with' it, wlnme(\~',' dl'l'ftt5l'tl' rd "tI:lHv'etfe' Chiefly 'by ti'gns'; "ohe 'verCalion ing rherfjl fElI'-the zea:l they fhewed f<'1r (he' feMolt!' he'alls I 11 vviltd' l)Jdkl!d, ' ano' tlief ~ 'hkcijJJ " welfare of tlie Muffidmen" and: wok all' atlMoi F>hfe'~ ih til is' pd'Ct'ii:e, that t~yy c~~r: i. ~, oath' up>on their alcoran, that he' l"ould' are able [0 tell ,flories, a'/1\:1', to ,jritl~r!tlindl by figgs, always be true to their p>arey, ' and afi1ii,l\:i otic ano~her'i as we-II .r~ if they talked ,[0- ' ti'lem in uh~, exet!:ution- of d\ei'i d'errgl'l'.I ge'tlf\l)';, t'hin'Ring ~hat Ihfs fileI'lt w'a1 of With thi~' BeElaft was, fa~isfy'd, n'0t fCit tl5llverlihg 'a!dds td me' ven'era:tibn' of tll ~ much th",! h~ Feally gilve creltliu to' tfie! v~' pl~ce,') H,e' em petor iM hili rWoth~{ hear: zit-'s- prom;.r~, a~cl- relied: 6n: ,hTs' fi~ieml~' mg or 'tWe cl'eil)gH'that WeS Up01\' the-ol in- filip, bUt ra.ther i1'l c;:bnfidende ' of his' own! villi weM extrerne-!y' difruroed, ' p.irt'i'cli- power t imagining.- thaC; tlnQugh the' ''ti'PZ/1'' Ia(tl'y d\~ elnp'refs~ ' wllb Havillg but lar'elY' might halVe a lTIQnd td 0PF0fe, hi'nVj h:1!i I~Th her hiufb'lIti'o;; Ivas 'n'oW' Itilted' With lIeW w(i)uld nElt be able to d~r it il1' fo' !hdrtt:l! a~~(eheill'1i0t1S: wlHc W'o'lld Jjkorrt~ ot1liet time;. fcr t,11e- next da-y was a'Ppbirite~ fo~ fffrH~ ~I\~ elIfpcl roP '6bili~ but a chlfd, <\\iii the executioll of tM refoll!lti'on' the)" hadJ (rig-l\,ted' at ' lIi~ ' i'no~ner' S' 'aef1>\5"~t1il1g beila] talteR in we Kalaba divailf, TowltrdS'otVell'·: \floWr; ' "lI'nd!' feW cryihg and I~~en'tjng" aC ' ingJ [he vizir I~ft them, and rcip,!irdcll tll~ Kijlar"tige/s leer, faying, Ld, la) I'd, to' his owhi h0101fe; where ha.virig flayed' Krdtdr ~e)l/ih!, My gua'rdian! p~ote"~ i1Ie~ forne liours, he, with two' perfons' rrtOI' illfual" Buft.an~;' ilands it «r~s) tHat the vizir anti Ki/lar ag'd paJJa havm@ ordered mia, ' a;t tne, o'l'd em" pui ~n-e' emperor, frorr\ wli 0 r11' I\e hid iii' , prefs's direCtion";' but tHe vizir ha~ it fhtHI tlie' mean' time' taken an' ord'er;, 1)1 vere1:Je' The vizir up, and went to the emperm's' bed~ch~tn,~ (i)f' ,*hieli he d'eprived BlIftallci'p'aJJa of' hi~ acquain" ber (mlled Haram} where" he mdr $olet'- office (whii:h 'is tlle infpection ove!' 'all, bur thc cmpe- man Kijlar aga!, who' perceIving 11 ' candlle! tdn'c,'''s aAdflraglios) , and appointed another: ror wi,h burning im the old emprefs's ap'artmellt,' 1(1 ,his' plWce ; ' lie' f>trther fertl "for all ' bu/ ~v,ha' p'C- contrary co cultomo; and lilei(!!g a,cl a 1'0(~ ;rei/ids" of' #ho't'n thet~ are a'Jways alioue es" wharr to think of it, was' nat g.()rlt~ te' bed :' !jOo' irftl\\:' fer~gli6; ' \vhd cakd , care 0( 'tM His feaFs increafed, when he Ii".,. d'1e vi?ziY gii'tes aiFida:parrmehts; thofe ~e pOt "u ndef coming fo privately" 'and in: tlie datk,' l! nevI' 6ath,6f fidelity, and ferlt Cnen'l oack' Bur up6n the vizif's acqurointing him with' t6"their' p6',fi's, to ' guard all aY~rlue~ 'and' the whole tranlhCliion, and h,s' oWri intenL' g~res, A'llj,t1\efe j'>n!ca'urlons havhig beer'! ~i(i)lls, he f order~d theth to keep in readi'nefs, 'ye t, gaJlzar or dagger, and, WIth hl~ eunud[s: ever'!" one' in'" tl\l!ir refpeCtive ;rqoins, ' and:, who had thei'r daggers- alf@ drawn' (fO!' with'o'ut ali)' noife, ' The eriillel'or conti- chafe aTe ' the ufual arms' of the :fur/fs', ' n'uing hi~ , ' ~r,i~s ~hd' J~n!etl!Ftio,nsl ;~ ~{, who, wear - nO' fatire8) i excqht in Waf, or ' nl:lt knowJfig !Jut Ellat he' \~as to be fa- 2 crificed, R?l-"MB'ncrificed! ffie,t;'izir ~acl hj.m',~lU"ri~ befor~ ,a) gua:~ddor tlii. :women) beganah alarll'!; ~wjnpovy; •. oL~h~ , fllldrqQmltQ: (be\V ·hlm, callmg' she Izoglans .. to come out ofthelf ' f:,f9'~~ ~h(hrj~ll, tJi~ ~eople ,:were..,F~a.t;I}'ifpi".,his: ! c1~- , r,oom~ :and,: follow ,;the":1'. The J~oglan~ Repa,..z~: ~ .' :fI;ll-ce. ,But ,I t · happe~ecl: c;P.n(rary i tO: hl$, are divided mto two partItIons, one IS ofl-5 :on of '.I~ . , ''"ip¢~ntions~', tqat ~n lzoglancft;eing liimi ffQP1 or .600 meri;:,wliofe quarters are called Bri_l"ogIAW,. . qIie ' of ., tfieir , 'rp?ms,! ~ll'd.,~juk Od~11 jttkC!da, . th<: .,other . confiits". of 4oo.men" )i:'1ew tlie , empero~, I,and; Imm~dlately;,cal-. and III ~ called,:Kutzuk ' Oda. " 'IT.hefe dfued feCI ,.out Hakla , ala padifoa. /?impfo, : &~" forth 'immediately, and wentwiththeBal- whi~h is their rive It roi"prt!. GQ(i' faye~ tazi'sdirefrly: to the'hall ~9f the forty.'Ha- theking, to :~~ic\l '\ ~!1 ~!t~ptfie~ anfwero ZlJdali's, where the emperor was, The're .' ,ed, allah,allak; ~nd' this cfY'!fun.ning fou~d ~ey met one: of the old emprefs's favou- through all t\le ,apartments.of the feragho. . I'lte eunuchs, whofe name was Has OdabajJii 'HpJ Odd' was the beginning of the ,alarm and con,: whom they firll: attacked .with'Words, and 601ft the t fufia'n that enfued. . .. ; I ," :' I' " ',', upon his offering to reply, went to feize emper~r's 'Su'n;mons , The vizir had overnigh~, immediately him; he ' efcaped 'however, and hall:ened eunuc . allpnJfoJ fent orders into . the. city of;!Conjlantinople, t.ofave himfelf 'among the Bujlanci's, ,but and 6eg;, to all the paffas',and begs, ' t~appear ip. the they cut off his paffilge, and , were going to tt-" c· feraglio wi~h as many men as they could to difpatch him, when upon ,:his requell: rag 10. gather, eai:~' of,t hem provided with, pro-. they allowed; him as much time as to be vifions for three days; whiCh was done ~c;, brought firll: before the emperor, in order· cordingly: So t~at, b~forr'll~d L1i,d theiF, fil'll: morning prayers, and fe~itious to be .trufted. To pro- firn morn· ",fuch 'ls always done at break of day, and ceed, thiS med)~y of nations however agreed Ing.pray, is call'd ,Sabanamaji, the B(l/~azj's (who are in ,one point, which was the making away :J:' ~~r~t'k about ' lhq')!\ , number, ,. . ~!l , choice , men, with the old emprefs. The mufti chanc- y . ftrong, brHk ' and of a full ,f}z'e, ~ho are iog to get among rhem, wifhed himfelf at'fned: with" kittle-axes, and ferve .as . a , indeed far off, being unwilling to pronounce '. '" ", .. I..... 2 the , f ,' . ;It " " . ,.~ . ' \ ' . ' ,, .'to COnllal~:tiito1?1:~. ··:- the fentence over her (which in the' i\Jf.e arid dia~orrds, ,pa,ttictliatly a ~owri ot: fable R~~,~f~ cafes is always neceffary to precede) but fllr, whIch !he had , fbucik' full of ,dumts • .;,r y ,'<;oI. they , threatned him, that if he would' nbtt " alii which tlrey clJtir'to pietes; and dividl , pafs the fentence immediately, they ,would ' e~' ' ali;~Jng ,theliifliIVes: She had a pail: of, life him in the fame manner as they ' had diamond ' cit . rings about het, '~hich h'er-Herdi._ dbne another, whofe corps they hild jU!\: !ate lotI:! f~ltan\l1~I!?i.et had giVeriher, be~ mond e,,~ before carried a wa y. ' mg ,bought, for a yclat's revertue ' {e violent hands on her, and would certainly princes. Afth they had fttipt her qdiie have deftroyed her, had not !lle faved her- naked, eveNw ithout leaving any linen upoh Sttip' na- felf by falling at the emperor's feet, who her, theydragg'd her by the fee t ihtb,~l\e p a; 'ked, drag-, thereupon made figns to them with his lace yatd, and ,there ftrang lea het, ,;rWHilft gcd by the handkerchief, crying out, Gheti duriniz, ' t~e fellow '{vim Wils ttb perforrn the iirc(iu' ;fe\,'lt;~ gheri dflrillj~ , i. e, fall back; and fo the tion" was ftttigglitl~ With het, [he /Jj~tdh' y;;d ~:d l1)utineers finding whd fhe was, kept off. ed hIS finger In het hlt!luth; ' alid bit it'with fimigled, Thc m',( This alarm being thus over, they re- hel' gUins (f6r age Had Jibt l~ft ' bhe tootH ::~:;n;_ turned upcm the mufti, who thought it not in liet' headl ' !he being th ~N 8tl ' y~ts u d()th not im- , ,,' (,weh~ t6 range themfelves Lunde!i~hebanner. Il)ediately repair to hi~ ,employ,ment. At . ,,' "' 1., :,The repor~ of the : oM:.ell1prefs's,peath" thi~, all "the janizaries of the ' new hoMe Repa~I!t~~laa.well as ,of tMilhornet's banner, being ,. fet , called out, Daima emizpadis zah ijn Olfilll, , o:ni~4:i'; up, {oop reacheq alfo th~ i1:reets ,where , ~he i.:e., the emperor's reign be for .ever; and r , janiZJaries ,were alfemqled : they l\re diYldc . fo they all to 'one man and without any edjrito two quarters, the firfl , ~ called ;elki , order, ran to the faidbanner. , Kara HaJ!a.n, r. odalar, i. : e. the ,old .!lOufej where one half wac;>; was named for janizar aga, went to of)their body was ~hen : with' Jheir o!lkers; die feraglio to the emperor, and received .the ,·othc:rd s ,c!\llel,! ', jeni odalar, the new ' of him his kaftan in confirmation of his houfe,' ' in ,which was the otner, hi\lf with ! 'lew employm~rt i ,after which he proceed- BtllaJ" 'Bettaft himfelf. and ,his counfellors: " He. ed to his janizarics under the; banner. Thus make, 'and, his faCl:ion made: no" accolJpt of that the great power of BettaJz being vanifhed Hi, great counter~ , pretended , religious duty, , buu knowing in one moment, and he finding himfeIfpower is ~~~;arat1- tnat his Hfe ,w!1s :at flake, advi(ed . hi~ fol· with his twocollegues I\utchiahaja and· ~t ~n .end: lowers,-to, fall 'upon thofe , who had ranged Kara, chiaus quite deflitute,confcious at . themfelves under the banner" before their the fame time what deftiny wpuld attend number encreafed ,too m~ch" , and , after .. them, they were trying to fave themfelves having de(oated them, to attack th~ empe- , by fljght • . But: Be[1aJz was : forthwith fei- I, feized ror's feraglio; the better to f9fward which , z~d, fet upon a mule, and in Ccorn and and llrang- f con- kef} in the country and killed. The rell: f.c;iepc,!! : to let ;private intereft prevail 0- , of the ill affected who had any credit, be- ver , ~he duty of their belief and the con- ing thirty eight in number, all of them cerns of their fouls, and thlls ~o render czorbadzi and odaboJfi, i. e. colonel· like thernfe.1ves for ever unworthy of, ,the name officers among the janizaries, were after- of Muifulmen; befides that, their wives" wards alfo privately and in the night·time children anq goods were difperfed inJeve· made away with by the vizir's order. , ral parts ofr the city; fo this projeCl: of ,Thus this fedition, which feemed very The Cedi· fetting it on fire was rejeCl:ed. BettaJz how~ , near overthrowing the whole Ottoman eila. !ion .p. ever with his party was preparing himfelf blifhment, was through the vizir's pru. pe. . ~d for an 'arrack, and had fent orders to the dent GOnduCl: quafhed, without great blood- :!.'ich the fame effect to the qld houfe, to b~ , ef}~orc;:ed {lied, the emperor with his mother were Ottoman with diftributing money among .f tljem, faved, and the pride of the janizaries cruili·fiat.{eem. when he receiv~G! advice, ,that the janiza- ed, fo that there was all reafonable prof. eJd,hre.t. ries of the old houfe had thrown' down peCl: of a la(\:ing tranquillity. However, ne . their arms, and were gone over to Mapo,' it was not long before a paffa, named fpjir IpJir pa.ff"a met's banner, after having returned for an.- paffa, b~gan a new alarm in Natolia with be~ill' • fwer to thofe who were come with BettaJz's an army of thefpahi'sof Ajia conli(\:ing ofnelV.lmu. orders and money; Verel1da kiafir al~nda thirty or forty thoufand men, whom he bafil") i, e. he that fends them is an jdfi, had gained over to his liqe, and roved del. At:'he fame time arrived a chiaus with them over the country, laying one from ' the feraglio, fent by the vizir to town after another under contribution, ana Bettafz and his followers, who in the name evep Aleppo, which place he blocked tiP of the emperor faid: Hazratin Jangi aghi for fome time, till it fubmitted alfo. Many alluinagil meim kendi kaijir we awreti boJz, , and heavy complaints were brought before , i. e. he ,that does not repair to the holy the. emperor againfl him, but there was b~nner is an infidel, and his wife is divor- no remedy to be expeCl:edfrom main force; c~d from him .. The chiaus having pr~· , on ti:Je contrary, the emperor .being at la~ nt unced thefe words and thrown, .a, paper , apprchenfive left fpjir paffa might turn hIS l:Jefore their feet, haftened back ,with all arms againft himfelf, was obliged to careis I, melTed :poffible fpeed. Upon r,e adin,g the paper him; and, in order to f' often him,, fhe'n d pbey, rtohre, elll' ) '" , 1m I \ ' to C9hfl:~ntiilOpI~~' him his feal with ' the offer of theltitle lala hip), Whom ' eh~y itifjll:ed to lm'e i:J.~liv~recJ Ro; .• ',,;.; i. : e·l,u~~djan (,,:hich in effect ,was' makiriE5 ou.t for punirnment; Ihow gratingly foeV'e( ~ hIm vlzlr gt/ard,alli bemg the 'ufual ' term thIs might found ' in" the ' ,mpcror'S 'bil-S',' the emperor ' makes ufe of in ialkingwith yeG 'the~~ wils ~ fi'o denying t1\eriL atcord: ' his vizir.) This o~er took with Ipfirpaffa, lOgly he otd~rectrKij1af aga to b~ fhangled' Ap~c,rcd . who ,came to ConjllJntinople and t6t1k , pof- firft, and 'th~tI ,l witl\ ;' feven ochers tCl ' bi! by clie ex- ~btam' feffion of. his new poll: of vizir, ahd foon t~rown : over the wall to them; their bb,' ccution of ~l~y:~~t began to make , awa y ' with one paffa after dIes they hurig"all'together on 'a tr'ee; and 'h: cOlfi- of oir;ir; the , 'other, part of: ,whofe 'ell:ates he con" mangled them 'with cutting the fienl' from e;, . , veyed into the emperor's coffers, »nd the their bones; nor would this'fatisfy th~m; reft into his own I :in whichprciceedings yet, but they demanded a1fO' a \;Idy, called none durll: oppore ' him, he having the Mllikilladin the emprefs's favoutite ' who be'l 'and of ___ JPahi's near hi(11 and at his beck" all the ing' delivered ' alfCl; they hun'g h;i by the M,tI.iila- ftreets and corners of Conjlantinople being feet ' on the "fame ' tree: 'Thongh by the,dln the , filled with them" However, !the grandees , death: of thefe " rerfons tlie t'umiJI{was ' fo~;:~~~r:;. 'of Conjlantinople combined at lall:, and 01\ ', f1r laId, yet Affim ago with his followers" a certain evening having every oile invited fiill 'went 011 to cotnmit [ever~l':other olit- ' I)i,s company, of fpahi's to his ' houfe, they' rag~sl and ' t?ok ' it il1 his he~d l r:qJ 1unl all t.old them fa much, as at length ' to' talk ' the Jews ouo df, C;;~lijl4ntitibple (\vHere th'eFe' them into an aveffiori to' the 1vizir.; from ' wer.e above twenty thoufaild,' arid to divide Abov. thence they went and offered the direction thm;:goods ',an? daughters alnang them- : 2000~ of 'their defign :to Mf,r8t, , ~apitan paffdl felv'es.r: But thlrde~gn Was prevepte,d by t;':::- whCl being upqn ill terms , with the vizir fom~ ' ~f. the moll: t dlfct~et amqng diem; li.'!'I,. r.eaoily accepted of it, 'and managed the and after the abovementloned 'vfiir ChimiJ ' P bulinefs fo del'terouny, that the next day ' paffa ,was; come to 'Conjialitillople, the em- the fpahi's and janizaries having made an peror by his'advice.fent for)AJfaiz ~ aga to infurrection, the emperor was forced to the divan, ,as If he I~tended to -fpeak with l,t foon give them the viz;r Ipfir paffa's, head, ' him, who prefuming that all form'er tranf. kh,!,d, though much againft ' his will, ' the vizir actions were now forgotten, w,n\ fecurel)" having greatly infinuated himfelf iQto the thIther, but ended hIS' lIfe there' under the emperor's favour by furniihing him with fabres by, the emperor's order: and fo there , money; and as It feemed to them, that the was alfo an end of this fedition, J mufti had been in the vizir's interell:, they' , After ' this manner, one fedition being T bl ftript him of all and pillaged his haufe" quelled, another 'broke Clut during the mi- inror~l"e~ ob1igipg the emperor to fill the vizir's t Dor ity of fultan Mehemet; and though M,h,mtf" Mural place with Murat paffa. But 'after three , lince that time he, was free from tumults minority, pnffiz in months it was over with him roo, and he ' and rebellions; yet upon the whole, the hi, {lead was fent to Damafcus and poifoned on the 'I'lIrkiJh empire ftruggled with great fata- ' m~de til" road. ' '_ I I Iities during his rei.gn, not or ly with rela- :f:;':;r~s . This tumult was hardly appeafed when tion to the abovefald revolts, but 'alfo ever ' baniili'd to another arofe, which was occafioned by , after thrqugh a continual [eries of difall:ers ' Damaft.,· the mifmanagement of the emperorls own in the war with the Penetians ; for befie!es-Continn,1 ~~~:c~~: and moll: trull:y mi~ill:er: [or foon after , the feveral battels the'I'urks loll from time' ioff" rrom fion,d by thefpah,'s andJamzanes reunIted and made to time at fea,' immenfe n'umbi:i's 'of Jheir -the Y,M- bare coin. a common caufe in complalntng among men periihed in Candia, they were forced liam, themfelves, that their pay was made to to fuffer , the Venetians to come almoll: ' them in bafe money, the emperor's trea- ' within light of their' capital, " and take : furers caufing bad aJPers to be coined un- from them one ftrong inane! after ' another I derhand, when the troops were to be paid, in the Archipelago" whereby all communi- ' putting them in purfes filled more than cation with, 'and ' fupp1ies [rom Egypt and half with that bad coin; this wrought at other parts' of Africa were cut off: This ' lall: a ll:rict union between thofe two bo- began to occafion a mean opinion't of ful- dies , who chafe an old renowned JPabi tan Mehemet, to whofe ill fortune they at- AJfaII aga for their leader, and uneltFect- tributed all their adverlities, and at my ar- edly went ro the feraglio, demanding to rival the publick talk ran very hard againll: fpeak with the emperor himfelf. He was him upon that account, fo that upon the obliged to comply and ihew himfelf from leall: unlucky turn and new difgrace in their a high room near the outermoft gate of publick affairs he ftood in great hazard of the [eraglio, called ali tioJk, when 'the faid a revolution .. However, the treachery of oceafioned Affan aga, in the name of all, reprefented the 'I'urkiJh mlnIll:ry ~as the. true caufe of by the their grievances to the emperor. " The the-good fuccefs of the Venettans, of whom treachery blame was laid upon Kijlar aga, as alfo on they to9k bribes and , managed affairs ac- of the [orne Moors and eunuchs, who were the, cordingly to the advantage of the enemy. ;:rntt ' emperor's greatell: favourites (called mt/fha· This management went on during the ad- Y I minifhation Z8~ 'tt; .. ,., .. m~MiCY; of th ,tc m~r\wh~JI:.he was. goirig to.take the &flJr ~ cQ~r tfit one a ~Iflgj'~ ~pprehenfiv,e ofthei}' rcvcn~ anJ . tt-' es ~~d P.l~ wi$I}J' 1'j;1'j'pp, for: they Itad alrc4dy fever.l Remedied epl ~tra?~fl ~Nl. ~ifXI!lS "~,Qr.i~kd in the camp bef~re C:~np'a~ by this , 'Mihtme{t'Rilk1 ~snpple, ·.y{tllllh .onee . :went fo- far, that they! • iz;r. .' '. ,a true ~eaX: for ,r, 's rep~ta~IOI\; fei~d " lIiQcarried him befoFe theemper~ . and Fhe ' intere11; ,J' .~I\~ . nrki/h::'empifl:, d(:afl1rldiJ)g.his .life, '. which . howevc:r ,( ~a; ';~'il fcor'1~ ' ~Q P~I tejst.lpf<:;? :!' ~'f~l~!!~r : ·IJ.1Ql!llY. . fpaft;d,\at ., the empero~s .own'intercelfwn ·: ,~~ , ';lJ Hi~manJy The l emperor, tlJJI)8~'Yi ~cJ :.b!!e!J ,!l- . cAI14.! he.Jber~fQrll ' tried another metPod" whiuh; ".!' atllons. _ and ~nfe~e.'ltly ~~.{1~ abl~ tp J~d~e howl W'l3 (0. re<;oni:ile ,hifnfelf,with part.ofch(/n' . . PUpll.ck'l ajtal~s .. 'I\'9r«:: ql~n~ged; hut ,th~ by,4int.o[. /fI!dney, and to fend the greater. vizir)et him Into, ~he reafqp§. why to!; rl::. IJllmber; v.i1l. the Jpabr S of1-Aji(l to' their own: netialls had till ~h~1l m~d~f~(;h p!ogrer~ i)QmCl$,; ill : order to manage.' the rtft'l the. . againft .l}is ; empi~~.;. .a {~e.r;I ,~hic;~ neJ had 9~t~~r. \ ~n:.\ lhe other hand, ..a $ the Jan1~ at we)1 ~. the c.'?rrnpted llll~\~e~,~ ,qlfpat!;he!l. oU~. of, "artes ... l;>eglIlIl ,to rear lup .agaln after .. the·o n thej;'. .. the way, and I highly ·, affronted, the, F.r..rtnch: JPahi'J were c'ru/hed; lle:tlo1rneq , about.co 'elk n;zAriis ; em.ba!f~~.or; fpr .I;1~v.ingmadc: . himr.:l~i :£OI llltt~f for .belpto ke~p the janizarills:d own; illy.a'h~stt~, be i employ.ed , pY;l &h~m, ,~UJO~1 3JIql~m;ar·:,the •. DardanelJ, ·.caufc:d 1l'I"0fi:< or hi!U .pu,bh~kly .!l:wal~Qr,) aud;Jendlllg nI$) tfieir o/Jic'en,: even feventeen/orba;ces,J 1, 'e. interpreter to pnfolt for fome: lJlonths, Jie' <;Qloneb" and the. cbibaja beg' himfelf,1t o ne~t, :-y~nt )P~g. !\ffifted at thll campaign: of; be put to death iIi one. day, befides man., J~ft y.~~r ,'n; perfOll, reco,v{!i'ed :t he dlancils~ ljundreq~ \of, Jal1iz(Jries, on .pretence that, ~ii . 1.h(;trcbipelago, ,,""hichithe Yenelians:had: thc;y /lad failed in their duty in the a€i:ion, ~a!:1e , tpewf~h:es , m~fters, of, and took, fuch . whi~h C)xecutions he ,chiefly committed. to' I]l'eaf~f)~~ th,at ,.,their ,numerous and "pow~r"\. the,fpahi's, oWith a view of rooting up 'aU fuL tl~5t was obliged to mum home 'wlth, confidence :.between · them . . Thus he 'laid , .. ,' ili\li.We. •/ · ~This conduC!: had the effeOt, th~.t , the fpirit of. thefe two formidable bodies .; ".-'- t~e «i9'JperQf ~as r~f1:0red to a better 0PI- of the tjops ~t Conflantipople; , ev:e~y time: , k(lm Prenk' Acbmet pa.f!a fo fllddenly, that rllZlrs, 'tre vi'f,ir ,n~r fhe IJardt;nels wa,s on (oine , no bodY 'knewof it till it was done, notthe .enterpFi~<; .9r, other, wh~n ;.the emperor caimakam himfelf; for when he was fitting ,; hj!.l1fe,IL Vle!lt either to , Eju~'s .. mofq~e, !or in the emperor's feraglio holding a divan, to .Qkmeidan, to pafs .whole . nIghts -In .de- his employment was given to another, for , ..e ~o'tiin~)a~terded thither with exceffivi ,ac, [ whom he was to make room that moment. ; ...I t. c!,\n1a.5.~(:>ns, ;,wl)ilft fome ,hundreds of boats ' He 'alfciremoved the capitan paffa, the '. r.,· t~a~. Y{,~nt up and d,Qwn.' the canal,. ., .\lnfwer. : begierbeg of Buda, the pa.f!a of S;iijlria, ,: ed \Vith an ,equal noife, , lAs .. to the vizir, : who had be~n vizir once, apd twice 'caima- " : .• , his. c.r~dit ;with the emperor grew. to .Cuch ' kam i.. . moreover, he degraded the mufti .. a. heIght, trat he ,npw"refpeC!:s him as a and the nakib effendi, which are their high- . fllther; lind incjeed" he ; is a.m af\ of good e,ft dignities, and facred among them, and and good natural Rarts in, their , own way, ': and, of, put his own favourites in their places. He qual ifica. great experienc;e'by reafo.n of his ag!; ,; but ordered the patriarch ,of Conflantinople to anc\on tho lions. his behaviour is rough and . ty'rannical, I be hanged, and kept another of Jerufa/em patriarch. which , is,,,what ~n;at~$ .him the ldl:eem , of; fQr fome weeks in prifon, as he did alfo of {:'!I' the might otherwife plot againft his terwards either turned out of the fervice, life. , ' ¥ hen he came into the adminiftra- or made away with. To fum up all; by of which tion, th~;pahi's had great authority, which thefe rigorou.s and ~ruel proceedings he has he g)ves they ufed with fuch licentioufnefs, as may compaff'ed hiS ends fo far, that the agairi' njb empe- M~beme~ ente~ed mto his 1'7th :year; at w,lthm the firIl: [even years, ,but, t6employ-. ror be- f which tlme a 'l'urkifh emperor becomes of ° hiS ,yo\Jnger 'years ,in extending ihe borders' caogem ew, hen ag;e, and t h e, mot her' s guard I' an lh)' p ,d eter- ?f the ~mpll:e of ~he MulJitimen. For it 17 ye", mmes., He IS ~hen by their law obliged IS an ~rtlck , o( thqr, conftitution" that no, old" to repal~ to Adrtanople, the ilntient feat of e,mpetor lhall be a!'owed eo b.ui!d, ~ lIlofque" Ad",",- the empire, and to undertake fome expe- unlefs he has co~quered (orne province or ple th~ a~- dition, to entitle him to a third feather to otl(~r; and , fhis buIlding of a church is ~;~~e :~_ be put into. his turbant by ,' the vizir; fOf thought the more , meritorious, becaufe pire. before this he may wear enl y two, and they l~a ve ~ fu p~rIl:ition, which f,llakes ' it A p",ic,j~ thefe ha,~ing down ,before; but after he dqubtful for an emperor, who has not' lar fURet- has performed that Journey, he may fet built ,his church, whether he, lhall go to' (lition. thore two feathers upright, and add a h~ayen or no. , But tIllS warlike refolutiori third as aferefaid, ,which however mlifi: t~ol) ~9ated, fdr,while~, was at Adrianopl,; alfo be turned dQwnwards, till he has con- hIS ,mmd WaS f YOlir 'maJelWIII"Progreffes"!ft' 5th.1y;' ~'Fo't~~rly the firl!ng~O()f. thet~ n:t6'f,The ,,;;, n" :?,hl{l'n4,1t lje}' were '!!X:tre~x ,~~a:~dl,~ltlV na.r,' It ff: ,co'n~fred .' -in·:! hefe "t:y..o '. bo~it~ :1i'f!:;e:h~ 0'(",,::, ' It, :' [ea'tl~g , the accom.p1rt~tpen.t o~( thb,~1 fo~bl-1.~1ie i?a~I'S a~ the" J~m~a~~ej! ~#''I1IrAifb £,tb?lr&le~ ;was 'how : at ',~rid!' ' For"th~~\: wl'lICh. ho~ l:virily " chOl~e 4bt'n'were 'plc~ed'empire ill dl! die , SiWnes ,sred, l a~d falj" that;bl!t¥~en1 o~t all ,over the- e91plro-" .bUe, even 1i1l1t1f1Itheir Jj>1I- ,iftd,'and sfer- there '. is ' -fdri)itHe 'dlfference;' artY ' a\:I'!h'i'tte~~!" !whci .lWeti!Jjn6~ : fr9m1It~ir ~'f.; .. n,,= ·r ili\i~or which is ditl:ated to him, hy :,the viz it, dt" l lian; 'Germali , ' 1':.alil1, ' Greek,i 'l11;/rijh 'lind'Ro'LAMet other leading men. ' 9thly,' ,To co.ml?lea;~ ( Ara,bi'/tl1 ." tidnguesj ' w~o rnnce 'his1 beiJlg ;{a-~ all, fome of. the late, emperors,hud Intltely" ken "pr,([OI\et ihtne-iVelie(ittn war, If~d'Tcr'vl r r " t afide all Gare and enquiry,- Ihow ' the 'go- cd [eno year,s fbr ia l rpljfl;l: i~ n 'ill ' th~ 'TedgJ' about the vernmem ,and the revenues 'were adftl'ini- II~, d bUt.; w~s Ilatcly ' 'fet ' \i t il)lJe\: ty ~ and 'i-e-' :;:':ne;~~d !tred, and gave themfelvcs wholl.y 'l(lp' ·[b1 celvet!lrJPaf~8,pa'Y.l yetl\,'ed L} ~ ' th~' Ehgl(j!Jt m'enu., their pleafures among their 'cbhcubihes hnd , embam.dljrtsllh~ti'lbl " In h6pe,s ' of getting? eunuchs, whicl, has' operied ,,, door ' td ' the' by h'~ ,help/ out 'of ~ir,\}! 'l irid :'iiiiiQngl coveroufnefs of the Gour-tied; : who think' GhlnftIkl1~1agll lil ; being I 'ill ' Ilis 'lieki't'ltill of nothing' but filling .theif:owh : pu~fwby­ addi6Md to)sj,ih .!;fo~tti~r ' ndt'crionl of! tn'e ' reJ '";' breach of truft, and open\'i61ehce, (olfat; f6r'med ' j5rbftffidIl .'ld r fhnll impiri:th2 [db!.' thac as foon' , as a lllati is knowll to be ,well ft a'ncebf',liJH\Gebuhr" in 'tt; few word3: 'v •.J ! in his affair~, his neck 'is III c(lrtain dange,,; ' Irs.1itu ari&ffq~ -l!pohlh :Jib,int of ' land " rh~i' kt his merits and capac ity ' it'!e . neV:et< fo re.!'ch~s' . 'w!,\o e uIldin,gI ',co n Ill:S r!lla0 onndgs' ,t ob e. and ava- ,,-jews of ambition and avarice, . T his con- three iarg(!'l yar'ds buil t"!'ou.ri'\l ·oh ' lili'ficlesMma. ri~e . , :,' dutl: proved very pernicious' to the ''Turk'' ill : wl1li!h!~ is'1c6\i1palfed 'with" ii ' gri!~t 'fO/' , iJh affairs for fonk yea rs pa!1:;"'in ! ~he'war' chirrd ,'J LJj'I P ',J) d :ll, [ 1 .f .' 1 J '.1 'lft l tIO:~ ' ''aga inft the Veitel i'J./1S , ' and ,'canllo,t fail , :to In~hd fdre~oft' ph'W:e, yard ' 'a r~ the a~'~~The fore. end III the utter rUlh of th~I r empire, " For fenal, the hofpital, the habitation of 'the mon P': a nation's falling off from : its 'antient chn'· wood' atld I I ,wa'ter-dmiers; the ', balt ino-- lace yard:· ratl:er, and giving into new cuftoms; '~i~ ho'ufe,' a'nd rtherdwellings1of thore whd maI'fe ' :: ';: ufually reckoned a c~ttain foterun'ner rb1' and take '~are (If ail,f6rrsOf mats; which tlid 'I,"'" ' fome remarkable change' I in the ' governJ 'Tur,tsUWotk ' vety tlil'i6ltn y and !le'a t;' 'fdr ment; and according as' that turn of t~rh­ eoverihg [he floors'. '. lri' this' coti rh he vi- ,:" per inclines a nation towards virtue or viC~; zir, and whoever' comb on horfeback do, fo the change of their ftate' 'will oe fot alight;rr:and : then proceed 16n'foot. : The'The fe. their advantage or detriment. Now; fecond':pahicel"yard is" 'fud6'unded within cond p'; fmetibes de- pmn~ 'of tNe 'Cefen'to II,a1 a~reeab11, t? ~he ' "'I ':', and the frayed as to eattng and drtnKIng, paTticl1- Spallijh gfllhdelft, tv ifit&'~tll'l\'fe with whom wo~ld pt~., during which they do not talte either wet fane 1\ ~!J. holihei\; l. yet he has thre1: ~e~\reil'tS or dry from fun·rife till Cull.fet) but then at qJI~lai 61!e tit Jejilili 'and two of Capil. ;, l'ilgri. ~ain, they eat all night long, 5thly, Of thins; Who~ ' ttHlItibn with the 'Pillettails is mages to pilgrtmages: that 'to Mecca mull be pet~ mor~ than 111.iblick, PlJldlld had f'otmeply With p", M",,,; ' formed by everyone .who is come t6 little ' ctedif'ht!t~ \ btl,t djal ki t'l'gdoih betni?; lanl1, ", , , years of difcr,etion, and has .the uH: of his no'l'i' 'retluc'i;tl it? futh a ~Ohdi tibn ~g riot to rea(on, either in his own perfon, or by give them aHy ~p}li~hehfibl'l, they lheWhlof~ " fending a deputy in his l1:ead. ,They un. tegard f01' It lalld having been lNrp!t~d dertakethofe pilgrimages to M,c~a , whffl: with flIrpid6l1satai~ft J;bUl- tl1ijeA.: Y.IS prlJ- to 'M,di· lYlahomet was born; to M edina, ' where he gteffii~ aM p~W~r]fJ Po/and; thet ,~iicoU­ "" ; .was blJried I to Babylol/, where,are the ,tombs rage tha: P9/~Hdt!rj ~o Make t~fiA:afi'c~: i3e~ ~~n~"bJ' of Imam Ajim their chief evangelift\ and df fid~s, tbi~, /~e th'a'fli of the l'afidri bei'r\~ wilh th. to 7eru • .1/i their general; and laltly to' Jmjillefllj ~aiflcid clve~ with l'olljJJ . mimer; 'MNd t i\~ 'lartart, f"llm, where they have built a temple over the profptCl: of fhe Iifu;!1 pltlOdtr he g the liwer'lIl pOw: OJfohltJfl: PqrM IYi p.tlfo~ ' for fom'!!' 'Wee,its, EMcb, Sm~f'1a. and: ma,my otlrea 1"1:.= !t;r Af!d TheZ4pDrr!1Jlttfl Cojfddt.f fay ul'ld'er tl\'e' Wiih ,~e and AjKiaa.. However-, Ellg/and'enJ~S HS' Jat'llC' fUf'pi~itin' 'at . the' POI'ie" wn'd cler il'o(C'jfiukJ. trad~ t;hjeheE on mild!. morea;ci",atttll'geou9' mueh 'tlt!1y\0(1' their. pl'eti:ilcle.d devo!ib~" fripulaltion& ""itA uh¢ OltomafP Jrortl, than. by reaf,?i1: Of the: g~tid (]l1detftirlidirlg~ th'e% an,)" oth«L of the fouefaiabnatiorrs;: and; the' keel?·Wlrll rile' Ruffianf, al'ld~. that': tliey. ' al~ J;)utt:h,are Qf: Ia.r:;;: btlt upon indiff~tinr termS' ways; were'" found" in coYnl"iny \\>iili t1\'e~ w.ith. thew. . fjllile many of Gheir /hi ps: W6Va. DOII.CoJfacks 0.0 the Bkrc~· 8ra, pa'l'tic'uia;tly' la!l, fumtD1' tbwit iii Bidgaria-;:, by' !?IUn'dMi'it?; 'the: emperor hitql!r,tQ, nQt bee)1 ' V.etlY' great: ~ hGWcveljl J1affa (!)f' Si'/tjl-haIHamp, 'and' ft'tttng.' firet'd , "nd the peace, was ~a.iJlt.,.incd; cduring> thel'are'r6jgll~p tlie Ct!lvhl ' irferf: r ,,' ' , , ;rjlufe, of qn ~~~Qunt of the incapacity oli'tM feverd1 " 'FClwaTds ,Hl.l! i eaii the'"OJtbMa#' PaM Ii'~~'In' t~~ , "rta, (ultan&" wl!o fillad, ~he Ollomal1 ,throne' one ' a;grear'att\P P9WerfUl' r-i\la l~, 'wlijc~ , is"tlle'E,fl ,.{iit ' aftCl'anothe.r;. But now it: memnh6 houfej kirig"of'P fffia t ,l:lur lihce: r~e' ,(ul'ky' h~'~e,the king ~f AnJlnia. i~\ in bet{er correCpondimce and) reuovel-ed' BaBylon ' OUt' .of hIS liall~\; , and'of Perf·· greater, trLecjja wit.l\,thel1'Uy,kijh' cour~ tltm) !1l! ' rHtt' y611' alter' had relit a rtl~g~ lfi ceritl ever· before ; , fur' the prei'ent ' 'Vizjr ca:relfes' ehJb:i!fY' t[jl,-to~pli~eni.< ' thc i!,c\-r;Rere\,~: the, emllerat,andt his:fnn , tliffkiitg QflNu,n. J go()dundeH1:~ndtng ' r s rld,,;ll'e~pretl HerWf~tt l G;FY" makin~ ,!h6:W of embracir1g:thuir in .. ; tne' ,twl> Coutts, ",Tn ' rfltlll'li" the 'Oltoman FOrit r °..-r-- A B.e!atian ,'ofra,Journey ROL~IIB. Pone h~ fent KWfe : lfmael paJha ·on an . Mma, as 'belonging cQthem for the raId .. ~ embaffy to Peljia, bo* to ~n~rm the a- reafon ..... ,Howevcr, .,as their ,dominions do , greeJilent lately made, ,lind to accommodate not ~orC\er immediately on any part of , "the·differences I?e~een, the ~,rjian and the : ~her3Nt:kifh empire, butarefitu~rc: between , , indian courts. , ~ .', " "" .• ' ,,!, ;, ,!l . P"JI"i:\the Great Mogul's dominiOns, and '. There was , alfo 1jt my ,t ime, at. the Otto- . thofe, t. RU.J1ifl, and have on a fourth fide ' In India man" Porte an~mh\t~dor from ~he Great the c/ifpian Sea, they have no opportllPit)t . , with the Mogul, whofe co~/mlffi?n was, both to _of doing the 'l"urks any harm, but ,are ' ,,~ Great renew the former fr,lendllup, and to engage ' obIig~d to leave them in the quiet enjoy- ,Mogul. the 'l"urkifh emperor to fall uponPerfia in ment of that protection. " , , '. , conjllnCi:ion with ' him, and to. divide · the ': A. four~fovereign in the eaft, or rather The king Rearon of conquefts. between t~emfelves. This ani- .to the foutfi, whom the Ottoman Porte mull: of .4iJ/fi~ the Indi- mofityagainft Perfia, among o~her ,rea- ,have an eye upon, is the king of AbyjJinia, nia. lint, hatred fons, .p roceeded from the king of .Perjia's called by them Padejha Jabejh, of whom ~a~l1: having lately taken the city ,and ,pl"Qvince being a Chrifiian as well as his fubjeCl:s, mil, ."of Kant/abar; from the, Mogul, -with the ~he ,Ottoman. Porte entertains a perpetual " 'llaught;f cif ,&r~t numbers , of his fo~ces. Jealoufy. Sultan "Amurat took two pro- }iJdian The fallj IndIan embaffildor was received .vinces from him, one of which, called I , ' embaffi, and treated with the utmoft magnificence, Jemeni(l, the king of.Aby./jinia has fince ~or at thci and all ' the vizirs and pajJas ,had orders, to recQvered; , but the other is ftill in the 'pof- hi';/dit entertain him ,with all poffible marks . of f!!ffionof ,the, 'l"urks, who fend thither every patch, honour . . Bu~ ip 'anfwer to his commimon .year, a paffa , from Grand Cairo. This he was told,. thaF , the Porte was engageq Neighbourhood is indeed verYdifagree- againf/;, the 'C~rift ians, and that apy hoftile able to ,the ;furies, but hitherto they hai;e • enterprire ag~lD!l: J>.erfia would be an open not; ye,ntured yet to break with him, for violation of the treaties lately concluded a,s III IS 'a 'vory remote expedition, where with them; that ' however the ,Pprte, . in the climate ,d oes not at all [uit with their te!1:imony of its fri~ndthip, would endea- Afiatick and 'European forces, they feIdom ·vour to mediate an amicable compolition before ' /lad , any. great fuccefs to boa!1: of . ' of the differences'depending between them againft the faid AbyjJinian empire. ' ~ The true ~nd the Perfians, ' But the true reafon was " This is in a few words the ftate and reafon of themujti's diffuading .the 'l"urkifh court firuation of,.rhe 'Iurkifh empire with rela- this an· £'wer, from mining the king of Perfia,~nd ra- tion to its neighbours in the eaft. ther advifing to affift him, he being . a , Thus much may ··fuffice for an account The ro; jting, with whom the.ottoman Porte would of the prefent ftate of 'T"urky, and its re, quelofthe always be able to ,cope; and his domini, !ation to the ' neighbouring powers; I negotiati- ons . by tneirfituation ferving the 'l"urkifh t h' k' In It my . d uty l!e~t to r'e fume my re- on at the OlIO",." empire for a barrier againft the Mogul and port of the negotiation I was entru!1:ed Porlt. Great 'l"artary; whereas, !bould th~ king with at .chat court. of Perfia pe ruined, thofe two powers would become neighbours to the Ottoman r 'Since ' your . m~jefty's commiffion had Surmi'r. . Porte ; ~nd ':heirig ,both of the fame reli- been fo far, negotiated with the 'emperor of the . gion, and b'eJides of a 'mor~ ancient def- and great viz.jr, , as is mentioned above, '{"r"fcon. cent than the .'T"urks, mightpoffibly , lay ~nd that , the: anfwe,r intende~ 1:0 be given ~~~n~~ " , Claim to the protection of Mecca, of which to me" together With my dlfpatch, had affairs. g the Ot/OrMn, Por" is at prefent in qui~ been deferr',d" ,the great vizir fer out the P9ffeffipn,' ,A~cordingly ' , the ·Indian en,", !?-8 rh of May .from Conjlantinoplc for Daut b<\(fador.~a,sf difpatched with the abov!!- J?:,ajJi, ,a ,place .. half a quarter of a league 1i\id ' arifwer,', and . accompanied back by from the, city, to join the army there, Huffiin 'Manqli, ,whoin the Porte [cPt tQeir with which,: he.proceeded on the fourth of /' <;[llba(fador to the, .Mogul. , , ,. , J~nc t,o ; the'Dardanels" leaving my negoti- / ,:: ,;rhe ,third power 'of the eaft, : for. ,whom' ation In ,the 'hands of che caimakam, Frenk / The king tlie OttonJan. Porte has great . re[peCl:, is 4chmet pajJa,- a: reafonable, man, by nation of Zogo- 1:l¥;b~ck: (Jr, f.he king of Zagathai, the n:oU an Italian, and' entirely for ' our intereft. thai the I:',~werfl~ m/ireat ,'l"artary" who. receIves . B\lt the vizir w~s hardly gone, when it mof! I'0W- great, marks of love and veneration frofJl Qe,g~n to be ,w~ifpered ~mong the 'T"urkifh ~::~/~or- th~ 1 1urkifh , el1\pe.ro~, becaufe .they both O1m.1!1:~rs, that your maJe!1:y's affairs could tnry: '.:~r¥ ,of the fame r~l!glOn, and defcended of not , be.in fo good a condition ·as they had I ' ,¥p0;"'et himf~lf; , buuhe kings of. Huf ' been repreremed; b!lt that [orne extraor- be~F being of ,the eider branch, valll: them_ qinary di!1:refs, .mull: ,have forced him to fi!Jy'es ;1~ "highl fpat they do ~ot ~eJgn ~he ' cc;mrt the Ottoman Porte's friendthip with 'Tiirki t6,', haye ,anl:"communlcapon: WJch~ f!lch ~ag~rnefs; and that all ' 1 had told tl?~ ,?'? , and 10,01):, ",Ith envy' Ilr ~.~eprptec,- i them was o!Jlf with a view to miflead them, [loil , the OtI071WI! Porteexer,clres over; h\'o\' . o · _ and tQ ga.,ill ,time; at length their own 2 ficklenefs, L----------~----~--------~---- --I , ~ckknefs, 3r 1~ ~Il as the c;>~ip:~s inrin~aii \.' lion W~s,as. , follows. I~'ir(t, i took nodoc. Roc" ..., tlon~ of others) made thcm break .out 111- of our be1rig.'Jo' lbrn, g' ' d'e taine~l ,." , 'I ' 'J' "~t.0 u'n guar d ~ d e' xpre ffiIo' ns ag.al"ll 'lh.t' y-o\'r,,l,~a"- ('I he anfwered wit \ ' 1 laking 'feveral, 0'd cWu fIIeC~ 1 l. ]efty a~d yo~r alliance with 'J?,agolzk,': alj'<.I(' , partlcul~rly' \;'\tll ~. ay in", the fa\lit ofl' ih~ I to ~ay publtc~Iy:, they oug?t, 'tr ,. the VlZlr In our In an ,affalF ,y;h'fn, I?JO'h~ g l~e offehce",to behalf; had 10 all It~e~lhood ,not a hctl,e the ~tng 8~ 'Y.~lt~ar~l,s9n!jjden:" 11~eptto contnbu,ted,; We fohclted , the ~~.w ca/- my re. ~ol,\!N0?' , ~~d ') (~t:~ t'l~y IptetpH'tcr makam 'hkewlfe to execute the V!Zlr'~ ,O,r- . l\'Y~Y oq ~l,Je .3~jl: ; ,bf, '~fcember, WheH lie ders, . ?ut with 110 better effect t/jan b~- .h~ar{,~~i~i , ~14,: ;~fi~f , ,~!:~ ?ther l11Inlll:~'is fore, either by reafon of the e~peror's b~- '.~~d 'r,rot,e, ~~ .,':'(~S"afHaryleil, and, fent" 'a ing to fet OUt for Ad~iallople, ~s accqr- )etter a)[o; 'after.,my I(1teipre/1+ was alread y dingly he did on \he 1.3;ceAourd', the leaft w.ord to ,the Vlz,r cQncen)lng ,o\1r .,Jeaye of ~~m, ~IIP .,af1:~t,~a~as ,~H ,t~~ :; 1ft the {ai,.,- bufinefs, neither would he permit ,us togo " ,Of }a,n,l!ary , fe,L9 U\ ; tfP~ Co~jla~I.z~~tle, kaIR , ourfelves to fpeak with t,~e vizir, mu,~ ,On ,the ,$th of'i r:~b,rfJflPY ,;ve, ar~~~~;~ at lefs to fend any body to hIm. In all ,tIps ",A~1rta1f~ple, \,F1:\~re ,~~ r;!.et w,'th a ' 90?d . he had no other view, than to ~or.ce mon~y ; r~ceptJ(;m: Jr,o.ql t?e, ~z:WI r~,a were .pro- ,from us; ttll at lafl: I t?ld ~Imthe pi am ; I!vl~~d . wI~h ,l,o?~l~!P ' Nld other ,n~~ef. truth, and our own mmd tn very d,ry , . ran es. ; :,'" ,;, " ter.ms, as well by word of mouth, on the . , T ihe, , loth, }.~fT1plo'ye~ t~e , El1gli(/j em· 10 Mr. 30 N,Vli1I· 30 of November, as in writing on the 2f Cl: ,., balfa9?r's,: jnt:.rpi~~F:ef" ; ~~o .. h~d ;'o;,lers hr. of December, which expofed us toJ:!is tn - , ~~om hIS, P!ltlclpal"}?Abe ";1~1ll~ al)d alIifl:- faIence and menaces; [6 far, that he ,even " lng ,t'? \IS In anY ,th l,f(g th,at might tena to threatned us with taking l our heads, ,if"we your rna. jefty's lfei~i¢e, ,to .fR~dk',t6 the vi- offered to go to Adriallople ,without. ,his zir's cqifh~ja , \a~ , ' ~ffice~ 'liI{~ ~ ' fH!,,:~,rd, permiffion. This made 'us at laft refolve ,whom, o~e ";p'pltes ,tq/or b?Ing ad~wed in defpite of his oppofition and flefiancc to to the ,:4!Zlr, a'ld ,on ot"~r , ocsa~o~,sl, to My inter .. wme to the vtz,r hlmfelf" and to fend the , pr~cl!re \IS an ~uql¢n,ce ) of the , vlz~~l , 10 pr~ter(.nt .letter by,my ,interpreter to Adriallople, ,af- . whIch I hope~ to )l,a,,'1, a~ , opp~r~un1tr to wah a ' ter we had ,firft confulted with the ,},re.11ch" , .lay open to him the tntng)J'es \Jet Ween the :~tter, t? Englifb and Dutch minifters, and ..e pre- : hou(e of' Aufl;'ia~nd !?olfind, 'pbrfuane to one :~::~ 'fented to, them his ,brutiIh ,pehaviour, ,and your majelty's orders, ' fo< 'which p~rpofc of D",,". what would be the confequences, if. the : I had drawn up a ,me mona I wluch '~ h ad hr, ' , . , "." callfed ,. - ' j ! 712 ROL~M~: :ca'Jr~~ ~~ b~(l~a~'n!lt~d ipt~J~~~ 1ti~k~ 1~i1/ iog into bP61anll " wi~hQut ·.~'heir - previou'-l ~' g~ag9' 'R O? ~he ,13th I .re·l;efvetl ".aljfwe¥" leave,I·; ailEl- ·\me'rwards :proceede~. i:oolfarol '. from, the 'IIIZIr, ,th~t as Coon ag1he'lliduld' with f,'\)at-ltlil.,rto the fI"artarr,dowaS all his I .' b~at leifure, h' '~ould feni:! to~ lis,' bl;itig' oWn"'-.aijH.>';) i fur which· he;tnad lalteady~ ,at Vthat time' tQ~en ' p' : w.I~)J. Jtli~ 'payp\eht1 aroried ... j'.JiiJ-t>wnruin: ThaG:your. majl!.) " .of the fpahi's"and j izar(~.I.t, %d 'thoughl ftr. war nor at!l'~IILpleafed with jt, b~t, ha' changes ' intervened; , ,.!ince us to, return ' by ' t!\~ ,;w~y,'"or. . rtinice, bJt 'which they knew' not what they haq to made us go·. ,by" ,Buda, , thro~g~ the' doml- 'iexpeCl: from your majc!l:y, but were.in ' nions of the king (~f ' Hung(l~y. ':. At tHe ' hopes ·to1have :more .particular·alfurances ' au,<;iiel1ce, af~e~.Fhe u~ual l for~~litieS w~~e ,.on that head. Then he. ordered caftans. or ! A Cum- over; thevlzlr b~g~~ ,W/a:Y,~ ·· 1ou.r.maJe- ' )ong gowns to be brought in, and hung mary ac- fty had fent to Clftabhili ' a frjen fujp With ' about us. c,' , . , count of th~ Ottomall Porte;'!at' tlie"CarHe' time I [hat j: f I talked ·to · him next c"lncerning our au- An audi- what paC· ,you, had contracted. an ,alliance ' with"a ,' tlience of the emperor! he anfwered, it enceofthe Ced 'at the . , I audience. nave., o( the ,.po~te, .'tne ·p.rince 'of ,rranhl- could not be this time; but if either we emperor d vQ'nia', who on that '6ccafion' nad",incu'rred . or any others fhould return from your infilled the guilt<;>f rebil\iqn;' latid inatcheCl agaiifll: majell:y, to let them know what they might upon. , the ~[ppe:or's/ubjeC):s .' ~I\~ , ~ai'~afs ~ ,' r~n- ·"rely.on with1relation. to rour majefty, ,we fwered hIm, that as ,yo\ir ' n,ia)efty . b~l~g ' fhould , have ' all , fatlsfaCl:lon. I anfwered. willing to continue t)"le fri~'ndnl'lp Hl'.blifu- ' . that this way of proceeding, as it could , ed ' by king Giiftav~s Adoljlhufc with fultan '! not but convince your majell:y of the Murat '; and rto, teitify ')10[11;' 'fioeeTe' aff'eCl:i- . p,orte's indifference for his good intentions, on towards th~ 'Ottomim 'Porte;' !ladJenfus wQuld.rath,er make you averfe to any. far- te;> tenew at:d confirm , th~ fai? fri.eljdfbij:>; :-" ther : commu'nication with them, and that fo your maJell:y Iiadltke'wlfe; }lat':the t;X- ' 'therefore he ought to be tender of not of- ample of the f~i~ }',in~Gufl~'1jil~ ';'14~'P.h~s, JI fending ' yourmajc;fty, who having given and queen Chrijtlna made an allIance ,With " them no caufe for It, but rather fent us , to pri~c,e ~agotJky, ' ac~btding .' tb a 'Iang ' in- I' confi~m the antient friendfuip, this way tercourle of fr'ienq(hip th'at nll'c\ "bee\1 fub- '''.'Iof' difmiffing . us would be a very unbe- f\\tingpetweet( the' crown 'o~Sivederi and~olTIing return. . But he repeated his for- , the princes o~ 'l'rcmfylvania :"' 'fnat yilur ,\ mer anfwer and turned the difcourfe on our , , majdl:y's unirin'g ' yourfdf 'wirh :a : friend ' journey, :. and the affill:ance we were to and, valfal of the OtiiJman ; p'brtJ;"" rather" ,i.have'on the -road, ufing withal much tem- than with an 'cremy of tneirs; ought' on J"per and. moderation in .his talk,. and for. the contra.ry to be lookdl uponasa !l:rong ')" bearing all . paffion. Afterwards he gave al"gument of yom 'majdj'y's -:good Jinten- TI'ofders , to , clothe: our retinue, and clothes [ions -towards them. 'That ifi ,- the ', prince "'·were broughc ' in accordingly; but tht; . h~d given offence to the Porte;' by In~arch-' I: ,bit/US pa./ft's iIl.nature prevented the dill:ri· ' 4 ' buting fo.C onfiantinople.' ;: --r ~, buting of 'them by whifperiiig fomethino- to them that brought them in. trouble and labour l worked otlr (elves ROL'''", b throuf;h the fnow, which then was l1illl./"Y".) Dirpatch. Thus we were diCmilfed, and had ~, y the paffable, to the town of Baba on the 3 cd by th~ vizir's order a purfe of afpCI"S jl;iven\ u, to 0th of January, and got into 'a houfe than had :~::';~~r defray the expences of our joirtr~7:'be­ neither windows nor d02Jf'; , -and Where the our jour. fid~s thofe of ,our Ita y at' Adrtall'11,le, for fnow lay piled up agi'ililllt ' it on one fide ncy, wh~(h'1 we were allowed and exaClly ISlid at (all challnes or inns b~ 'ng full of travellers - the rate of fifteen hundred afpers per dietl! that werell:opt by tbei/now,) There fell fp - --- (though the greater part of them were ofa deep a fn<\w that niglll, that it was impor, -bare coin.) A chiaus was alfo ,ordered td fible for us or any body elfe to get t~r6' ; conduer us with an open palfport of the and fome that tried to force a way thro~gh and the emperor, and a recommendation from the it with the help of buffaloes or oxen, were emperor', great vizir to the vizir of Buda, with firifr obliged to lie that night ill the open fields, open paIr. orders for him to fee us Cafely conduered and to come back the next day, leaving port. to the limits of Chriltendom, and to pro- one of their companions behind, who p,e- cure us a fecure palfage through the Au- nfhed of cold, Near Adrianop!e the weight firian dominions. The vizir ' fent likewife of fnow had borne down above forty hou· 'fO hOUI" to defi re a palfport of the king of Hunga. fes (which";n ' thofe parts are flat at ,the broken ry's refident" which was to' carry 'us fafe top) and a, fountain,head that {toad in:r/le ~hc':Jclbht over the frontiers to Comorra, which ac- fi~ld, the walls: of which were eig~t ells of Ihe g cordingly was afterwards fent to us. hIgh, \Vas covered over with filOW" with (now near ~8 Feb. All things being thus provided, we left which ·the fireets of the town were filled Adriano· ~!a:;Jrj. Adrianop!e on the 28th of ,February and r~t to fuch ' a 'degree, that for fome days therd pI" •• oplt, out on the road for Buda, fince the VIZlr was ' no going from one houfe to aiiouheq would not allow us to go by , the wa y of till they were cleared by the Ch~ifiial1s Pe'lice, merely upon .rhe inll:igation of Pa- and Jews, who were obliged ,to ,make nejotti the l!ungarian mterpr~ter. way. ) Hardlhips The fatIgues and hardfhlps ' we under- On the third of February we had dreadJ ThuII?,er. bv Ilorm went upon this our return, are beyond ful thunder and lightning, ' attendd:l with hgSlnlng ;rig [:-illt. what can be expreffed and defcnbed. ';For heavy rain, which indeed' melted a great ;~d r:;t:~_ between COIZjtantinople and Adrianople; dea~ of the' fnow; but when ,we as 'well as ward. in. which regularly is but fix or fevendays jour- ether palfengers were fet our, we : fmmd undation,. ney, we toiled eighteen days on account the waters rifen to fuch a 'height, that they of the bad weather; on the 26th of Ja- overflowed the very bridges that they ,cowld nuary it blew fo unnatural a fiorm, attend" not be feen. A ,'lurk being confident. he ed with froll: and fnow, that had the inn knew the 'way ' bell: of any, went before 'us been but half a mile farther off, we had into the water, but was caHied off by the all been in i:langer of our lives; for one 11:ream, with his horfe; another who' ,{ol- ,,:, ',,, of our coac!\men was gr9wn [0 ll:iff with lowed him Was alfo feizecl by the Lh-eam; "" .. told that he tumbled off the coach, none but was faved by the ltrength of his hOtfe, , of the rell: offering to help him, as think· which fwam with him oniliore.' Cauti~ ing him quite dead, My interpreter like- oned by the misfortune of thefe two we wife was [0 penetrated with the cold, as turned back, after we had .travelled on'c no longer to be able to move a limb or mile to no purpofe, anci by by at Baba govern his hor[e, whom he let go where aforefaid till the ninth day. and ufing aU he would; the wind withal was fo violent, forts of hardfhip, [uch a number of 'tra- that it blew the cap from his head fo far vellers coming in every may from Coitjlan- off into the fields, that thofe who went tinop!e, who were forced' to 'll:op thert 'alfo; after it on foot as well as on horfeback that all the houfes in the town were filled could not recover it, The fevere cold had with them, and at lall: ne,iaher .bread ·nor made us utterly unable to help one another, 'meat was to be had for 'any money, The and we travelled on, weathering the fiorm waters f.1 11ing ~ little, we fet ' out again 10n as if we were at fea, to keep in the road the feventh of Febmary, and reached -Adr/- i'f pollible, yet were alY"ays driven off allOp!e with the utmolt danger of :ci~dives, "8 travel- fidewards. That day eIght and twenty having crolfed feveral waters, in which lersfrozen travelling perfons were ll:arved to death hundreds of travellers perifhed about :that M,ny to death, on the fame road clofe behind us, between time on the fame road 'from Conjtantiliople hundred two places called Btljulcmefe and Silibria, thither, among whom was the Englijh 'em- perron, " We were the only ones that ventured on balfador's janizary, who being 'knt :wiuh pwr!ed that day's journey, but all other7'urks turn- a letter to Adriallople,. was by the fiream :~a:ei~;' ed back again. The next day the {torm carried off with his horfe from a ibridge, ",. and cold obliged us to tarry in a town cal- Between Adrianople and Philippopoli welhad led Czorlu; having afterwards WIth great a tolerable journey, and began to I,ope VOL, V. 8 T the 4 A Relation :0/ a/Journey ROLAMB. the:bdl: as to the roads and the ,weather ,; !"I.eeded not aikthe Ottoman Porte, nor anr I..:/V"V but' the very day : we fet out from . Philip, power whatfoever, if he had a mind tq popoli it began again to fnow; which con- make- war or . peace, but aCl:ed on ,:t~efe tinuing for [~r.£e_·,days, we , rid all the way, occ~.hns ip,cire}y as · he judged proPer. . through the 'fnow ~moft· up to ,our h4rfes Ano ~t:c , him know your 'Illajefty's fenri; bellies, till we came' to S.ophla. , ,Upon the mentsifI ' co'uld acquaint him that, your I [now's melting, i all ithe brooks and rivers majetj'i employed your arms to ,pyrftre were fo fwelled up" tha,t, we were many ' thofe 'who were evil-minded, whoever ,they times .forced to fwin! our horfes over, efpe, were, and , on ' the, other hand loved , and cially over the [mailer ones,; and in , crof- honoured his, friends, and forfo doing\v'ls flng after this manner a, ,water between accountable to none but himfelf. He He~t Concern- We were Sop,hia and Dragoman-, the ftream drove u~ talked of RagotJki and, your 'majelly's ' ~I:' ing Ra- driven by above feventy paces out of our way ; [here liance with him, that [his certainly was nogo~\ the ftrealll being no poffibility of getting the waggons friendly ftep, ,RagotJki being a fubjeCl: of:~iah~ee ' acove 70 ov~r, we left them at the warerfide till the the Ottoman Porte; how your majefty could with him. ~f~~'rw~u~ next , morning, when the wate~ abate? condefcellcl fa fa,r as ,to enter into an uni9~ y Thus we travelled ,on ,under continual ram with one .who,:Was but a Waywode, it now and fnow, till we arrived at Belgrade on the would '. foon ! appear where it would ,end,' '5 Manb. 25th of March with our horfes" which by, , \vith 'him: Ie~plained to him the reafon~ , toiling and labouring through tqe deep. of.thisallial1~e, ; that as all the wor!d ,haq ro:lds, fnow and water were becorr.e,~s bare views towards Foland, your , majefty wa's about their bellies and legs as ,if tn,,'Y had willing to affift one in going thither" who, been thaVed.,'" From Belgr.ade"where"tht; was in fa near', a relation with ,the Porle, river" Savus and Danube joil1 and fep,arate ' Jell: fome of their ' own rivals ' might get a ' Hungary from Bofnia, we found the ,ro:)ds footing there" alld afterYiardsprove a dan· toHerable. ;) ;,) ,J, ; I " . gerous neighbour to them. Confequently Arri ved at On the fifth of April w~ arrived at B'uda, that YOflr lIl!ljeil:y's uniting your felf with BNda. the ';vizir of which place Kenan pa.l!a fent the friends ,gf" the Ottoman ,Porte, r~ther four. c,hiaufes to meet us ,out of , toW!l il1 tban, their .;eiJ(;mies, was an .:;vidence of 'r. the fields' : he was already "marched ,out y.our majelty;s affeCl:ion ; thould he enter ': ,' ,: , from thence to , the camp , .. that had" c beel} into ,~ngag~ments with RujJia againft ' th~ formed on the other \ fide ,; of the Da1Jube, }{orte, what would they fay then? With' near a (mall town , called PeJfe; , :!Od . as , he; this, he w~s , tdina Inand 606 Graci'fa I )2f Fernando Po ifland 399 Grampllffes P I I; 225' F~ro Pf Granndil/a ifland ,.. 64~ FeticheHree 89 Grande river ',,' 84, '89 FetiJTo fiJb 223 Grigi or Charms 60;' 104 Fetlt kingdom 16~ Growa village " \ '37 Fida 323, 4n Glladalupe iOand 613,' Ofl Behaviour of the natives 330 Guaffo town • 1)4 Habit 332 Gwzlnta 1'34 Wives and Children ibid. Guard. lake 91 Inheritance Guard of dogs 8j' King Guiana 5'48 Revenues of the crOwn 33f ·Gllinala kingdom 8f I ]\ing's wives ibId. Guinea fatal to Europeans 194 J( ing's death 336 Seafon to fail for it 5'23 Not good foldiers ibid. Guiriot/ :ff Weapons ibid. Gum Arabic AdminiOration of juf!ice 337 Cllol1gai" village ~~ COl1troCts 338 H. Funerals ibid. Money ibid. H .lEmfu, a great mountain 680 Accompts . Hares 2I4 339 Language [{armatanJ ibid. 193 Religion Hens ~[7 340 H eroi?J l' iOl of the gold coaf! ibid. 146,222 H;y'dulu, their number At Fid" 67f 330 Flying Hides 48 22; , Hierro Strange Pf 3" H ippopotami FiOlOrmen in Nigritia 41 73 HiJpaniola 62 j'ogs unwholefom Oil the gold coaf! 609, 4 19'3 Hondo 111, 123 FORO town 379,380 H 01uell4·tree 112 Polgia!, ' 3 people of South Guinea 121. Horfes 216 FOl1dy-konl.-tree 113 Honour paid to them 6r Forcado river _. 376 La Hou cape kingdom 14 6 F01Ile! ~5', 27 Hungarian! defcrib')i King 67 6 Sillatick f7 Hurricanes Fowl tame and wild i77 21 7,3 29,330 Frederick,b"r,," I7~ 1. French difcoverers of Guinea 160 rrefh JAaja-tree 113 Frcfco or rinT 22 'Jaboe 37r) Frogs 221 1abt country If3 Fuerte Pen/ura )24 'JaCkal! 209 Funerals of the Blaeh fI Jago! 479 'Jakin town 346 G. Jalofe!, their country If GAbon river Their king 16 _ Gago kingdom Kingdom . 26,27 Galli-V] 'Jam Index to the.Fifth Volume. 14m town 8~ Loculls 'jllmaica difcover'd 33 6~1 Lope Gon:;:.a/'lleJ cape 39(, Fort JameJ 74, I ~ K iug and prince 6 'James Wand 3976 Towns. and villages ibid. Icon , '174 N~tives fdolof inands 397 94 ReUgion 8 Jews in Conjlanli/lople ~boui 2.0000 39699 Lory l.fIage If4 Znam fruit . \ w Il3 Santa ""ci" 64) 'twira kingdom :,;" .- 187 lnp".!!an ibid. M. InCl'..l/ia Iggin" ibid. Indigo 32, 329 MAJ!.ies 218 Inftama 433 ' ahomet Infok. 63 190 Mahometan t. ' b L 4 83' ~tIOJa- e~"ma people. , 'II TIJelr poltCYj reception of einbaflhdors , 0, Vour to i!;uropttJ11J, fUFcrflitions abou~ 'Ddmd' 142 departed alld ceremonies O~ Odo (capital of Bmi,,) 3,8 !<.!'fJj(1J-Morrrm Oedoba 376 Qllfllma 6 ~ty-Foro I Oof fra ' 34liballa river and bay 394 R. Ooeg-W" town 168 Ophiodul jiuvisll p8 Ainy feafon dreaded by the Blacks el, 2'7 20 R Ramadan ' , Orange-trees 4 Rats )3,66. Onrich feathm 49 Ficid 216 Ouro river P7 Real riVer 214 OHwere or Oveiro kingdom, its fituationj me- 6 Sa"la Maria Redollda 4f) tropolis, climate 37 Remora 614 Trade, produtl, natives, king, religion 377 8 Reptilos ~27 coon 37 R,ey rivet 2820 p, Rha river 3 4 Rice 81 Dns p,1lmal cape 137 Rt'o J A Palma .M " gra .';' 388, 3lQ879 )1) . d' A~uada . , Palm;oil 112, 204 C amarona 319896, 1 10 ' Palm-trees 5 , 3 C erbera lOG, 429 Palm-wine :1", 203 Corio III l' aim Wand 400 Fer",ofo Papas fruit 177 Fre/co 3r~" Papayes 31, 200 fOrcado 376' c P.pels Blacks 8636 Gabon 387 porima lake 5 de la Gra,i" 24 Parroquets " " 210 Gra.dc 84 89 Parrots ibid. de S.1uall 436,5'31 Partridges 218, 487 7,mk 110 Peacock, 487 Menocb 109 Pedras liver 94 do Ollro f27 Pembo territory 48, de S. Paold 109, Ilo ' Pepper 199 dal Pedras 94 Petry village 139 Real 4ff PheaCams ' 2 17 del Rey 384 ~WM W~ Sejlro 128 PintadOl 29 daVolta 3[9 Piraguas 41 Ril'Cr-horfes n Piri 470 8 Of Wands. 84 FiCmires 4 7 Rock-fait .,- , , 32 P ,z'''g 201 Roe-bucks 487 l'1.lltanS ibid. Rolamb, the envoy extraordinary from t~e king.' I'luvialia 5 25' ' of Swed"" his reception and audience ol , the )' J;.zoge river log prince of Wallachia 671 P ORRoe 2'9 His entry into Conftantinople ibid. .?omegranates 200 His audience of the vizir 68, Pongo inands 390 Rofal Wand ' 40 4 Little Popo 321 , 4f2 Cape Roxo 81' Great Popo 321, 4f2 Ruftfto 22 Pormpi". 114, 214 Ruy PereZ cape 499 Porpoife 226 Poria d' Ali 23, 425' 662 Novo 24 Aba ,174 Portu,(UCze, their trade at Gamb;" 83 S Sabo. kingdom Difeoverers of Guinea 16: Sabrebon vlllage 136 ' Potatoes 198, 329 Sac ..n d. village IS> Potters in Nigritia 41 Sadlers in Nigriti. 4 21 3" PO'lJOaF40 de BrancoJ 25' Salamanders 20r Power of the Tnrki/h empire is in the hands of Salf 'how made , 604 the Spahi'J and ].mizarier 693 San ,Salvador Wand In: Poyera village 1)2 ' Sarna ,village 5'0 pri"ces iOoud 399 Sanglet 6 Purtaferma 24 Sangwin village 13 190 San~uay 661 Q Santa CrNe 6ft Co people of SOIJlh-G"i",a) Los San/os illands roo 124 Sapajous 0 8X SargajJ. 19 ;."./ ... ;;" . ,~, l> ,,~:: , .~ """'1 , ~ . ~. .' f I .1ndex-:·~jj~r~e.tEft.h:'n.Mme. ~")1-'(''''nw''" To", country • , 'J .;.,., S4f ' Si/rLajfo " 2I!Il:' "3,~8 ' Trade of N;~rit:a in general . . "J . ' ., , 43 ' 0, , ;,: S,,1I1rown '\ .. .! l' Of the Fmlth in panicul:u- '43 " Sea·Mae ws , I :\: i~.·'. :i.t-,.,': 16'· " .\ At Commmdo ; ,I , J ff '$m't river , .... L!I"l; . • 18, Travellers fr07.CIl to death ,7 3 , FrmchfaClory ·."~·J!,",,'i..t ..i ! .~S'. Tr.eeswild 'C, ,lo1 f '. I(ingdom ,', I oJi •. ; ,: 1 ," ; ', , .. :.11' 43 ?f.eJ Ponta, cape Ij'0,431 , , Trade .: , , . J "., f7 " urkeys .: . u7 :. ' KlngBra!r , . ,:/1 1,. l an ,-4,87 .TNrRJintereftwithrefpeClloEnglan11 FrM4." Serpents ' , , I, " <" , z8 " Holland and othor !lati~ns . , : '7°7 ' I. . flying uS' The T"rks value clielr emperors for thelr ,cru- \ Stfti:o river <. ,,' ' 136 , , eTty . 690' i> S./fro Cro" viII~ge 137 T.,;'J feldom employ'd in ,t he feraglio, and the GranaSeftro .:1 13 , reafon ';" 06, S~''!"'! 6 village (,I! ,:. ,1L I: ' . '(;:i:Uf' Tur.kifo emp~ror, at age at 17 ,:. 701 " Sharks . 1~. ,' i.IS' 'INrB.ijl; empire Its Urength ,, _.,' 701-. SlIeer ' , 4l 9' 'I'Nrl_, " Sluglgard " .," ' ,\'2 12 VAn,!,,; 188 SJ¥lK 2 1'wes 3 Cape Plrtle- " f '10) f 38 " , . , or fhI' p 'd at ".",'"J". . ". ', 34'81 ' S. rinfent Wand " . 64:~> . Sl\iees "'~~ , ', 21 Vines , CWO ' ,\1,:" .1 1 ",' 'J : S,Iidah 4f3 Witchcraft of the Blackl . fl ..... Wives, concubines and women Daves of che J .' emperors . 704 ' 'l" W~y 114 "' .;. Wolves ,,.86 :< .' 1 \Voodcocks ' ~18 Worms in the tlelh 32 WO'Ot village: J40 ' ~ , I,,, x. L Y. z. Z Ah4ra ' . ZII;r rjv~ Z,6ra I""