School of Biological Sciences
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh:8080/handle/123456789/27673
2024-03-28T11:18:38Z
2024-03-28T11:18:38Z
Meeting socioeconomic objectives in Ghana's sardinella fishery
Bailey, M.
Quaatey, S.
Armah, A.K.
Jacquet, J.
Khan, A.
Alder, J.
Rashid Sumaila, U.
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh:8080/handle/123456789/29714
2019-05-02T11:28:42Z
2010-01-01T00:00:00Z
Meeting socioeconomic objectives in Ghana's sardinella fishery
Bailey, M.; Quaatey, S.; Armah, A.K.; Jacquet, J.; Khan, A.; Alder, J.; Rashid Sumaila, U.
It is frequently stated that there are explicit tradeoffs between biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. This Chapter examines these tradeoffs through the interaction between Ghana's artisanal canoe fishery and the offshore trawler fishery. Ghana's marine biodiversity is threatened by a sizeable fishing industry partly because poverty is rife, and also because the coastal population has a high dependence on fish for their food security. The artisanal fishing fleet targets small pelagics, predominantly round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), with their catch used mainly for subsistence. By-catch in the trawler fleet, which includes round sardinella, is mainly consumed in urban areas within the country, while their target species are exported. Current artisanal sardinella catch is insufficient to meet subsistence needs, and therefore domestic reliance on trawlcaught sardinella for food security might be in conflict with the conservation of biodiversity. We develop a bioeconomic model, which illustrates that giving priority to the effective management of the artisanal fishery in Ghana could provide food and job security to the fishers of Ghana, without compromising biodiversity conservation, in contrast to the commercial trawl fishery. It appears that the sardinella fishery may be overcapitalized, as optimization results suggest effort could be cut in half while still providing catch levels of about 300,000 tonnes per year, or four times current artisanal catches. Limiting by-catch and spatial conflicts by the trawl fishery could yield economic benefits from the artisanal sector of over US$200 million over 20 years. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
2010-01-01T00:00:00Z
Antiplasmodial Activity of Medicinal Plant Preparations T610 and S076 Using Plasmodium Falciparum in Vitro Culture System
Appiah-Opong, R.
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh:8080/handle/123456789/7666
2021-09-03T12:54:39Z
2001-08-01T00:00:00Z
Antiplasmodial Activity of Medicinal Plant Preparations T610 and S076 Using Plasmodium Falciparum in Vitro Culture System
Appiah-Opong, R.
Some traditional medical practitioners use decoctions of the plants Tridax
procumbens and Phyllanthus amarus, separately, to treat malaria in Ghana. These plants have however, not been investigated scientifically to establish their antimalarial activities. In this study, inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum uptake o f 3H-hypoxanthine was used as an in vitro assay to assess the antiplasmodial activities of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Tridax procumbens and Phyllanthus amarus. Chloroquine was used as a reference antimalarial drug. Cytotoxicities of the extracts to red blood cells were also investigated. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts of the plants were evaluated for haem polymerisation inhibitory activity. The results show that high concentrations of chloroquine inhibited the uptake of 3Hhypoxanthine by Plasmodium falciparum, confirming the chloroquine-resistant nature of the parasites used. Both plant extracts also demonstrated antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine resistant plasmodial parasites. Among the various extracts, the lowest 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 24.8 and 11.7 |ig/ml corresponded to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively, of Phyllanthus amarus. For Tridax procumbens, the lowest IC50 values were 225.0 and 143.4 |J.g/ml for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Unlike chloroquine, none of the extracts inhibited haem polymerisation. Within the concentration range used, the least cytotoxicity to RBCs was observed in the aqueous extracts of both plants, the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus and the ethyl acetate extract of Tridax procumbens. These results suggest that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both plants were more effective as antiplasmodial preparations than the other extracts.
MPhil. Biochemistry
2001-08-01T00:00:00Z