Research Articles

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://197.255.125.131:4000/handle/123456789/22010

A research article reports the results of original research, assesses its contribution to the body of knowledge in a given area, and is published in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal. The faculty publications through published and on-going articles/researches are captured in this community

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Women, Gender, and Development in Africa
    (The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 2020) Anyidoho, N.A.
    Gender denotes the social prescriptions associated with biological sex in regard to roles, behavior, appearance, cognition, emotions, and so on. Social relations of gender or gender relations encompass all relationships in which gender sub jectivities play a role, including those among people, and between people and the institutions, systems, and processes of development. The chapter describes three features of gender relations that are generally consistent across societies – gender ideologies and myths; gendered division of labor; and unequal power relation ships – and discusses their implications for development. The chapter further explains the centrality of gender to the development enterprise and discusses various approaches to integrating gender analysis in development processes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Development in astronomy and space science in Africa
    (Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2018) Pović, M.; Backes, M.; Baki, P.; Baratoux, D.; Tessema, S.B.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Bode, M.; Klutse, N.A.B.; et al.
    The development of astronomy and space science in Africa has grown significantly over the past few years. These advancements make the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals more achievable, and open up the possibility of new beneficial collaborations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    COVID-19 vaccines development in Africa: a review of current situation and existing challenges of vaccine production
    (Korean Vaccine Society, 2022) Lamptey, E.; Senkyire, E.K.; Benita, D.A.; Boakye, E.O.
    Following the development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the launching of vaccination, the World Health Organization has reported that the African Continent is lagging in the race to vaccinate its population against the deadly virus. The Continent has received a limited number of vaccines, implying that vaccine production needs to be scaled up in Africa. In this review, we summarize the current situation concerning COVID-19 vaccine development in Africa, progress made, challenges faced in vaccine development over the years and potential strategies that will harness vaccine production success.
  • Item
    Radio Redux: Audience Participation and the Reincarnation of Radio for Development in Africa
    (Journal of Developing Societies, 2019-06-01) Tietaah, G.; Amoakohene, M.; Tuurusong, D.
    Along with the valorization of “beneficiary” participation in development praxis, contemporary communication scholarship has tended toward internet-enabled technologies and applications. This study breaks ranks with the implicit loss of faith in the capacity of the so-called legacy media, and radio in particular. It argues that precisely those advances in new technologies, together with the peculiar media ecology of Ghana and Africa generally, are the bases for prenotions about the enduring relevance of radio. To verify this claim, focus group discussions were conducted among radio audiences in Ghana. The findings suggest three factors for a renaissance of radio as a development communication medium: its contribution to democratic pluralism; the use of local languages that enables social inclusion; its appropriation of new technologies for audience participatory engagement. Radio has thus evolved from the powerful effects notions of a one-way transmitter of information to an increasingly more interactive, audience-centric medium.
  • Item
    Accounting for the transitions after entrepreneurial business failure:An emerging market perspective
    (Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2019-06-25) Hinson, R.E.; Amankwah-Amoah, J.; Honyenuga, B.; Lu, Y.
    This study builds on prior scholarly works on institutions and entrepreneurship by examining the process of transitions and institutional obstacles that force serial entrepreneurs’ shift to operate in the formal or informal sector after entrepreneurial business failures. Using insights from 32 serial entrepreneurs in Ghana, a framework was developed and utilized to explicate how the pull and push motivations for the transition into or persisting with formality or informality after business failure unfolds over time.Our analysis sheds light on the processes and effects of the motivations on the persistently high level of entrepreneurial activities in the informal sector for many emerging economies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Rethinking Persistent Poverty in Northern Ghana: The Primacy of Policy and Politics over Geography
    (Politics and Policy, 2018-04) Abdulai, A.G.; Bawole, J.N.; Kojo Sakyi, E.
    The Ghanaian economy has long been characterized by the persistence of regional income inequalities along a north-south divide, where poverty remains disproportionately concentrated in the northern part of the country. In contrast to much of the extant literature, which explains this phenomenon in terms of the relatively unfavorable geography in the north vis-à-vis the south, this article suggests the need to understand this problem as the product of the export-biased orientation of agricultural policy and the relative neglect of the agricultural products in which the north has comparative advantage in producing. The Ghanaian experience suggests that relying on migration and other redistributionist measures as the means to overcome spatial poverty traps can be problematic not only for regions that are not well connected to those prosperous parts of a country but also for those that are fully connected through adverse forms of inclusion. Related Articles: Moreno-Jaimes, Carlos. 2011. “Is Local Spending Responsive to the Poor? An Appraisal of Resource Allocation and Electoral Rewards in Mexico.” Politics & Policy 39 (6): 1021-1052. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00328.x/abstract. Bowman, Kirk S. 2002. “Will Vote for Food? Regime Type and Equity in the Developing World.” Politics & Policy 30 (4): 736-760. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2002.tb00142.x/abstract. Dent, David W. 1985. “The Politics of Regional Inequality in Urban Development: Colombia's Costa Atlantica.” Politics & Policy 13 (2): 133-164. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1985.tb00017.x/abstract. Related Media: Videos: United Nations University. 2013. Politics and Institutions. IGA Conference Parallel 3.4. https://www.wider.unu.edu/video/politics-and-institutions. UNU-Wider. 2013. “IGA Conference - Politics and Institutions Q&A.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXOJoPWSofs. UNU-Wider. 2013. “IGA Conference - Politics and Institutions 2/3.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgsrATArkWg. © 2018 Policy Studies Organization
  • Item
    Cashing in on shame: How the popular "tradition vs. modernity" dualism contributes to the "HIV/AIDS crisis" in Africa
    (Review of Radical Political Economics, 2006-03) Lauer, H.
    Orthodox descriptions and treatment of Africa's HIV/AIDS crisis are subject to robust controversy among research experts and clinicians who raise questions about the tests used to define the crisis, the statistics used to document the crisis, and the drugs marketed to curtail it. Despite this critical scientific corpus, fanciful misconceptions about chronic illness and mortality in Africa are sustained by ahistorical and apolitical analyses misrepresenting Africans' mporary morality, social reality, and public health care needs. © 2006 Union for Radical Political Economics.
  • Item
    Collaboration paradox: Scientific productivity, the Internet, and problems of research in developing areas
    (Social Studies of Science, 2005-10) Duque, R.B.; Ynalvez, M.; Sooryamoorthy, R.; Mbatia, P.; Dzorgbo, D.-B.S.; Shrum, W.
    We examine the ways in which the research process differs in developed and developing areas by focusing on two questions. First, is collaboration associated with productivity? Second, is access to the Internet (specifically use of email) associated with reduced problems of collaboration? Recent analyses by Lee & Bozeman (2005) and Walsh & Maloney (2003) suggest affirmative answers to these questions for US scientists. Based on a comparative analysis of scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and the State of Kerala in south-western India (N 918), we find that: (1) collaboration is not associated with any general increment in productivity; and (2) while access to email does attenuate research problems, such difficulties are structured more by national and regional context than by the collaborative process itself. The interpretation of these results suggests a paradox that raises issues for future studies: those conditions that unsettle the relationship between collaboration and productivity in developing areas may undermine the collaborative benefits of new information and communication technologies. © SSS and SAGE Publications.
  • Item
    Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes as economic and developmental challenges in Africa
    (Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2013) Kengne, A.P.; June-Rose Mchiza, Z.; Amoah, A.G.B.; Mbanya, J.-C.
    Current estimates and projections suggest that the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes and related risk factors in African countries is important, somewhat unique and rapidly growing. Various segments of the population are affected; however, the group mostly affected is young adults residing in urban areas, and increasingly those in the low socioeconomic strata. The African milieu/environment is compounded by weak health systems, which are unable to cope with the looming double burden of communicable and chronic non-communicable diseases. This review discusses the economic and developmental challenges posed by CVDs and diabetes in countries in Africa. Using several lines of evidence, we demonstrate that the cost of care for major CVDs and diabetes is beyond the coping capacities of individuals, households, families and governments in most African countries. We have reviewed modeling studies by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and other major international agencies on the current and projected impact that CVDs and diabetes have on the economy and development of countries in the region. Locally, appropriate strategies to limit the impact of the conditions on the economies and development of countries in Africa are suggested and discussed. These include monitoring diseases and risk factors, and primordial, primary and secondary preventions implemented following a life-course perspective. Structural, logistic, human capacity and organizational challenges to be surmounted during the implementations of these strategies will be reviewed. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
  • Item
    African leaders' views on critical human resource issues for the implementation of family medicine in Africa
    (Human Resources for Health, 2014) Moosa, S.; Downing, R.; Essuman, A.; Pentz, S.; Reid, S.; Mash, R.
    The World Health Organisation has advocated for comprehensive primary care teams, which include family physicians. However, despite (or because of) severe doctor shortages in Africa, there is insufficient clarity on the role of the family physician in the primary health care team. Instead there is a trend towards task shifting without thought for teamwork, which runs the risk of dangerous oversimplification. It is not clear how African leaders understand the challenges of implementing family medicine, especially in human resource terms. This study, therefore, sought to explore the views of academic and government leaders on critical human resource issues for implementation of family medicine in Africa.Method: In this qualitative study, key academic and government leaders were purposively selected from sixteen African countries. In-depth interviews were conducted using an interview guide. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.Results: There were 27 interviews conducted with 16 government and 11 academic leaders in nine Sub-Saharan African countries: Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa and Uganda. Respondents spoke about: educating doctors in family medicine suited to Africa, including procedural skills and holistic care, to address the difficulty of recruiting and retaining doctors in rural and underserved areas; planning for primary health care teams, including family physicians; new supervisory models in primary health care; and general human resource management issues.Conclusions: Important milestones in African health care fail to specifically address the human resource issues of integrated primary health care teamwork that includes family physicians. Leaders interviewed in this study, however, proposed organising the district health system with a strong embrace of family medicine in Africa, especially with regard to providing clinical leadership in team-based primary health care. Whilst these leaders focussed positively on entry and workforce issues, in terms of the 2006 World Health Report on human resources for health, they did not substantially address retention of family physicians. Family physicians need to respond to the challenge by respondents to articulate human resource policies appropriate to Africa, including the organisational development of the primary health care team with more sophisticated skills and teamwork. © 2014 Moosa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.