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A long essay or dissertation or thesis involving personal research, written by postgraduates of University of Ghana for a university degree.
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Item An examination of REDD+ readiness and implementation in Ghana(International Forestry Review, 2020) Nukpezah, D.; Alemagi, D.Ghana has participated in REDD+ negotiations since its inception and has been engaged in activities geared at implementing REDD+ in the country. In this paper, we examine initiatives that have been undertaken by relevant stakeholders to advance REDD+ readiness and implementation in Ghana. Results revealed that several aspects of planning and coordination were ranked high and some progress has been made in the arena of Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) and audit; benefit sharing; financing; as well as demonstrations and pilots. That said, some challenges still prevail in the area of policy, laws, and institutions; as well as implementation of an emission reduction program. Therefore, some specific recommendations for advancing REDD+ readiness and implementation in Ghana can be considered going forward including the development of strong institutions for REDD+ implementation; clarification of carbon and tenure rights; capacity building for data collection; and institutional collaboration. Implementing these recommendations is a fundamental prerequisite for an effective and efficient implementation of REDD+ in Ghana.Item Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ghana’s health care institutions: an observational study(Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management, 2020) Abuosi, A.A.; Daniels, A.A.; Akoriyea, S.K.; et al.Objective To assess hand hygiene compliance in selected primary hospitals in Ghana. Design A cross-sectional health facility-based observational study. Setting Primary health care facilities in five regions in Ghana. Participants A total of 546 healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, midwives and laboratory personnel from 106 health facilities participated in the study. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures included the availability of hand hygiene materials and alcohol job aids; compliance with moments of hand hygiene; and compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing. These were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results The mean availability of hand hygiene material and alcohol job aids was 75% and 71% respectively. This was described as moderately high, but less desirable. The mean hand hygiene compliance with moments of hand hygiene was 51%, which was also described as moderately high, but less desirable. It was observed that, generally, hand hygiene was performed after procedures than before. However, the mean compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing was 86%, which was described as high and desirable. Conclusion Healthcare workers are generally competent in the performance of hygienic hand washing. However, this does not seem to influence compliance with moments of hand hygiene. Efforts must therefore be made to translate the competence of healthcare workers in hygienic hand washing into willingness to comply with moments of hand hygiene, especially contact with patients.Item Creative Climate and Organisational Resilience in the Banking Industry: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety(University of Ghana, 2023) Mumin, A.A.The research investigated the relationship between creative climate and organisational resilience among Ghanaian-owned and Foreign-owned banks in the Greater Accra region, the capital of Ghana. The research further investigated the mediating role of psychological safety in the relationship between creative climate and organisational resilience. The study utilised a convenient sampling technique to sample 397 employees of Ghanaian-owned and Foreign-owned banks. 200 of the participants sampled were from Ghanaian-owned banks, and 197 were from Foreign-owned banks. The study deployed a quantitative cross-sectional design, where participants were administered questionnaires in softcopy and hardcopy to investigate creative climate, organisational resilience, and psychological safety. The study utilised structural equation modeling (Amos) to analyse the collected data. The analysed data revealed that the creative climate had a positive impact on the organisational resilience of Ghanaian-owned and Foreign-banks. Psychological safety was found to mediate the positive impact of the creative climate on the organisational resilience of banks in Ghana. Based on the outcome of the study, banks in Ghana were recommended to implement policies that allow employees to establish solid networks and relationships characterised by trust and support among them, promote collective learning, cooperation, and information exchange among members of the organisation, encourage managers in all roles and business divisions to openly discuss risks and risk management strategies with their staffs to help determine the direction and alignment of goals, skills, among others.Item Stakeholder Involvement in Promoting Sustainable Farming Practices in Chereponi, in the North-East Region of Ghana(University of Ghana, 2023) Jamal- Deen, A.J.Sustainable farming practices involve methods and techniques that prioritize environmental protection, economic viability, and social equity. To promote and implement sustainable farming practices, it is essential to involve stakeholders who have a vested interest in the farming community. This study examined how stakeholders’ involvement promote sustainable farming practices in Chereponi (10.138012598017568, 0.29017181227194494). The study sought to investigate the level of stakeholder knowledge and perceptions about sustainable farming practices, farmers’ reasons for adopting sustainable farming practices and the barriers that hindered their adoption of sustainable farming practices. The theory of planned behaviour and the conceptualized model of Dessart were employed as the theoretical frameworks underpinning the study. The mixed method research design was used in this study. The main instrument used for quantitative data collection was structured questionnaire. A sample size of 155 using Slovin’s sample size formula was chosen for the quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions. The results revealed that stakeholders have relatively high level of knowledge and positive perception of sustainable farming practices. Majority of the respondents in the survey agreed that sustainable farming practices increase crop yields, farm incomes, and farmers’ reputation in the community. Other stakeholders such as NGOs and agricultural extension officers also shared similar sentiments. The study also showed that farmers adopted sustainable farming practices based on personal choices, advice from other farmers, and advice from NGOs and extension officers. However, obstacles such as perceived risks of crop failure, costs, and technical difficulties as well as lack of government support, hindered adoption. The study concluded that stakeholder involvement is crucial for promoting sustainable farming practices in Chereponi. Positive perception and collaboration between stakeholders, especially government and NGOs, can ensure successful implementation of sustainable farming practices. The study recommended that the Ministry of Food and Agriculture implements policies that provide support for farmers through subsidized equipment and farm inputs. This can increase the number of farmers adopting sustainable farming practices. Additionally, policies encouraging banks to offer loans with favourable payment structures should be consideredItem Stakeholder Involvement in Promoting Sustainable Farming Practices in Chereponi, in the North-East Region of Ghana.(University of Ghana, 2022) Jamal- Deen, A.J.Sustainable farming practices involve methods and techniques that prioritize environmental protection, economic viability, and social equity. To promote and implement sustainable farming practices, it is essential to involve stakeholders who have a vested interest in the farming community. This study examined how stakeholders’ involvement promote sustainable farming practices in Chereponi (10.138012598017568, 0.29017181227194494). The study sought to investigate the level of stakeholder knowledge and perceptions about sustainable farming practices, farmers’ reasons for adopting sustainable farming practices and the barriers that hindered their adoption of sustainable farming practices. The theory of planned behaviour and the conceptualized model of Dessart were employed as the theoretical frameworks underpinning the study. The mixed method research design was used in this study. The main instrument used for quantitative data collection was structured questionnaire. A sample size of 155 using Slovin’s sample size formula was chosen for the quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions. The results revealed that stakeholders have relatively high level of knowledge and positive perception of sustainable farming practices. Majority of the respondents in the survey agreed that sustainable farming practices increase crop yields, farm incomes, and farmers’ reputation in the community. Other stakeholders such as NGOs and agricultural extension officers also shared similar sentiments. The study also showed that farmers adopted sustainable farming practices based on personal choices, advice from other farmers, and advice from NGOs and extension officers. However, obstacles such as perceived risks of crop failure, costs, and technical difficulties as well as lack of government support, hindered adoption. The study concluded that stakeholder involvement is crucial for promoting sustainable farming practices in Chereponi. Positive perception and collaboration between stakeholders, especially government and NGOs, can ensure successful implementation of sustainable farming practices. The study recommended that the Ministry of Food and Agriculture implements policies that provide support for farmers through subsidized equipment and farm inputs. This can increase the number of farmers adopting sustainable farming practices. Additionally, policies encouraging banks to offer loans with favourable payment structures should be considered.Item Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Among Children Under Five Years in Ghana(University of Ghana, 2023) Ibrahim, A-M.Background: Streptococcus pneumonia is responsible for 18% of infant deaths in Ghana. With co-financing from Gavi in 2012, Ghana introduced the PCV13 into the childhood immunisation programme to reduce the burden of Streptococcus pneumonia. However, Ghana graduated to the Gavi accelerated transition phase in 2021, which spans five years before the nation assume full responsibility of paying for the PCV13. This research aims to evaluate the health effects and cost-effectiveness of PCV13 immunisation in Ghana since its implementation and after the cessation of support from Gavi. Methods: This study utilized the UNIVAC tool to evaluate two main scenarios of cost effectiveness, from vaccine introduction (2012 – 2025) and after Gavi transition (2026 – 2031) in comparison with no vaccination. The sources of data include national data, international estimates and expert opinion. Cost was considered from the perspectives of both the government and society. Health outcomes were discounted at three percent and currency values were stated in US Dollars with 2022 Cedis equivalence. The robustness of the base case results was tested by performing sensitivity analysis. Results: PCV13 will reduce the pneumococcal disease burden by 48% from 2012 to 2031. The vaccination programme costs are USD 130 million and USD 275 million in 2012 – 2025 and 2026 – 2031 respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are USD 89 and USD 73 from the perspectives of government and society respectively in 2012 – 2025. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are USD 530 and USD 510 respectively from the perspectives of government and society in 2026 – 2031. Conclusion: The PCV13 vaccination programme in Ghana is highly cost-effective under any cost-effectiveness threshold even when Ghana does not benefit from Gavi co-financing from 2026 onwards.Item Body size estimation and weight management practices in urban poor communities in Ghana: A cross-sectional study(Journal of Health and Social Sciences, 2020) Frempong, G.A.; Anarfi, J.K.; Badasu, D.M.; Codjoe, S.N.A.Body size perception is a pertinent issue globally due to its implications for weight management. This study examined the influence of body size estimation on weight management behaviors in urban poor areas of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to collect data among a sample of 395 adults aged 18-70 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed for the collection of data on socio-demographic characteristics, weight perceptions, and weight management strategies. Anthropometric measurements were also taken, using standard procedures. Logistic regression models were used to examine relationships among the va variables. Results: More than half (57%) of the total sample was overweight or obese and 56.7% of the participants accurately estimated their body size. Nearly a third (37%) of the participants intended to stay about the same weight, while 29.6% and 11.9% wanted to lose or gain weight, respectively. To achieve their weight management goals, 60.3% of the participants engaged in healthy weight management practices. Body size estimation had no statistically significant relationship with weight management practices. However, the likelihood of engaging in healthy practices increased as age increased (OR = 1.021; 95% CI: 1.000 to 1.042). Individuals who belonged to households of the upper wealth category were less likely than those in lower wealth households to engage in healthy practices (OR = 0.548; CI: 0.330 to 0.911). Community of residence, a community conducive to physical activity and social support also significantly predicted weight management practices. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of age and some socio-environmental factors in public health strategies for weight management.Item Deliberation for Development: Ghana ’s First Deliberative Poll(Journal of Deliberative Democracy, 2019) Chirawurah, D.; Bawah, A.; Fishkin, J.; et al.This article poses the problem of public consultation in developing countries and applies a solution in Ghana as a test case. It describes the theoretical rationale for deliberative consultation with random samples, describes specific criteria for success, and then assesses an application under the challenging conditions of a developing country. It builds on notions of “deliberative democracy,” and shows how they can be practically realized in an African context through “Deliberative Polling” (DP). The challenge is that the context is one of the poorest parts of one of the poorest countries in Africa. Rather than consulting just stakeholders, or self-selected populations, or using conventional surveys, DP’s have the advantage of consulting random samples with deliberation in depth in confidential surveys so that the opinion changes can be evaluated at the individual level, free of social pressures for consensus. Is this practical in this context? A DP was conducted in Tamale, Ghana on issues of water, sanitation, hygiene, and food security. Criteria for success for DPs that have been applied in highly developed countries are discussed and then applied in Ghana under challenging conditions.Item Community Participation in the Management of Ghanaian Schools(Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 2021) Aryeh-Adjei, A.A.Municipal members widely recognize that community school management participation promotes a sense of ownership in student learning in Ghanaian schools. This paper is a literature review on community participation in the management of Ghanaian schools. This paper's scope identifies the importance of community participation in school management, the context of school management in Ghana, and the challenges of community participation. It is recommended that Ghanaian parents and other stakeholders be encouraged to participate fully in school management to promote development in the education sector (at all levels) and in the entire community.Item Schooling and Education in Ghana: Research Conversations(Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education, 2021) Amponsah, S.; Kyei-Blankson, L.Ghana, a former British colony, known as the Gold Coast, is located in the West Africa, south of the Sahara. With a current population estimation of 30 million and a functional adult literacy rate of 79% (Macrotrends, 2021; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] Institute for Statistics, 2020), eradicating illiteracy and dealing with issues affecting schooling and education in this country has always been at the forefront of academic dialogue and governmental policies.