School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences
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Item Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate in the treatment of hookworm infection in Accra(Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1973) Chinery, W.A.; Anim, J.T.; Ofori Attah, G.; Haddock, D.R.W.No abstract availableItem Malignant lymphoma in Ghana: Part I: A review of surgical material at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital from 1966 to 1971(Ghana Medical Journal, 1973) Anim, J.T.; Christian, E.C.; Laing, W.N.391 cases of histologically proven lymphoma were reviewed. The incidence rate was 17.5% of all malignant tumors in the series. Burkitt's lymphoma is the most common type of lymphoma in Ghana, followed by reticulum cell sarcoma. Unlike the situation in western countries, the incidence of Hodgkin's disease in Ghana is low, but the age distribution in all the types of lymphoma studied tended to show a higher occurrence in a slightly younger age group than in the U.S.A., Britain or Japan. Sex distribution was about the same as in other studies, but ethnic distribution showed no significant high occurrence in any of the 4 main groups considered.Item Malignant lymphoma in Ghana. Part II: Hodgkin's disease(Ghana Medical Journal, 1973) Anim, J.T.; Christian, E.C.; Laing, W.N.Reclassification of 45 cases of Hodgkin's disease according to the recommendations of the Rye Conference of 1965 has shown a marked preponderance of the mixed cellularity type (78%) in Ghana. This group does not occur more frequently in older patients as suggested by Lukes et al. (1966), but a study is required to correlate this histological distribution of the disease with length of survival, since the mixed cellularity group has been found by other workers to have a poorer prognosis.Item Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava: an unusual cause of death at the place of work(Medicine, Science and the Law, 1974) Anim, J.T.; Laing, W.N.No abstract availableItem Breast diseases: Review of surgical material in Korle Bu hospital 1977-1978(Ghana Medical Journal, 1979) Anim, J.T.No abstract availableItem Item Cancer of the breast in Accra(Ghana Medical Journal, 1980) Quartey-Papafio, J.B.; Anim, J.T.No abstract availableItem Single-dose pharmacokinetics of perhexiline administered orally to humans(Journal of Chromatography, 1984) Amoah, A.G.; Gould, B.J.; Parke, D.V.A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of perhexiline and its major metabolites, the cis- and trans-monohydroxyperhexilines M1 and M3, respectively, in human plasma or urine has been developed. Perhexiline and its metabolites are extracted from plasma or urine and derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The extracted dinitrophenyl derivatives of drug and metabolites are separated on a Spherisorb S5 ODS column by gradient elution. The limits of detection for perhexiline and its monohydroxy metabolites were 15 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. The inter-assay coefficients of variation for 100 ng/ml perhexiline, 100 ng/ml M1 and 400 ng/ml M3 were 10.5, 7.6 and 5.6%, respectively (n = 9). The method has been employed in a limited kinetic study with five healthy adult male volunteers who received 150-mg and 300-mg Pexid tablets at an interval of one week. In four subjects perhexiline exhibited marked first pass effects, with plasma M1 levels higher than unchanged perhexiline; in the urine M1 was the predominant metabolite except in one subject who had higher M3 than M1 in the 300-mg Pexid study. The fifth subject exhibited a defective capacity to hydroxylate perhexiline; M1 and M3 were not detectable in plasma, and the urinary excretion of the monohydroxyperhexilines was relatively less, with M3 present in higher amounts than M1.Item Hypertension, cerebral vascular changes and stroke in Ghana. 1. Microaneurysm formation and stroke(Journal of Pathology, 1984) Anim, J.T.; Kofi, A.D.A modification of the post-mortem arteriographic technique of Ross Russell was used to study the brains of 284 consecutive autopsy cases dying from non-traumatic causes; and made up of 159 hypertensives and 125 normotensives. Microaneurysms were demonstrated in 30.8 per cent of the hypertensives compared with 9.6 per cent normotensives. Haemorrhagic stroke was the cause of death in 37.6 per cent of the hypertensives, the majority of which were in younger age groups compared with hypertensive strokes in whites. The much lower incidence of microaneurysms in the brain of black hypertensives (even those with haemorrhagic strokes) compared with that found by workers among white hypertensives further emphasized the different nature of hypertension in blacks. It is suggested that, in the absence of significant structural differences in the cerebral vasculature between blacks and whites, the high incidence of haemorrhagic strokes occurring in the relatively younger subjects in Ghana may be due to the direct effect of high blood pressures on small intracerebral vessels and that microaneurysm formation may not be as important as in the much older white subjects dying of haemorrhagic strokes.Item Cerebral macroaneurysms in a Ghanaian adult population. An autopsy study(Atherosclerosis, 1985) Anim, J.T.An autopsy study of cerebral vessels in 310 Ghanaian adults showed an incidence of macro(berry)aneurysms of 16.6% among 181 hypertensives and 8.5% among 129 normotensives. Hypertension increased the formation and development of intracranial aneurysms. Severe atherosclerosis (Grade 3) was not a common association with aneurysms and there was no increase in aneurysm formation in subjects dying from cerebral haemorrhage. This may be a reflection of the observed low incidence of severe cerebral atherosclerosis in Ghanaians compared to whites and an indication of differences between ethnic groups in the relative importance of the factors that contribute to the formation of aneurysms. Mortality from ruptured aneurysms could not be determined from this study, perhaps because the aneurysms seen were small in size (< 10 mm diameter) and less likely to rupture and bleed. Multiple aneurysms were an uncommon finding compared to figures quoted in other studies, but in agreement with them the sites of predilection were in the anterior parts of the circle of Willis; notably the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries.Item Abdominal tuberculosis: A frequent diagnostic challenge(Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1985-04) Ibrahim, E.M.; Anim, J.T.; Al-Idrissi, H.; Al Mohaya, S.; Al Dossary, J.; Grant, C.S.In recent years, abdominal tuberculosis has become rare in many countries even where pulmonary tuberculosis still exists. A case of abdominal tuberculosis is described in a young male who presented with non-specific symptoms together with CT scan findings that simulated abdominal lymphoma. Diagnosis was established during abdominal exploration. The frequency of various presenting manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis are discussed. The report emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion to save patients unnecessary exploratory laparatomy.Item Mitochondria in living cells cultured from human chorionic villi: the effects of colchicine on numbers and distribution(1986) Addai, F.K.; Ockleford, C.D.Fluorescence microscopy of living first trimester human placental cells and choriocarcinoma cells in cultures was carried out using the vital fluorescent dye Rhodamine 123. The length and distribution of mitochondria and, in the normal cells, their reaction to colchicine treatment is described. It appears that in the presence of colchicine the distribution of mitochondria in normal placental cells becomes more restricted to the perinuclear cytoplasm and that the mean length of mitochondria is reduced. However, the total length of all the mitochondria in treated cells is not significantly different from that in paired cells which were not exposed to the drug. It is inferred from this result that mitochondrial shortening in the presence of colchicine is not an elastic shortening consequent on the removal of cytoskeletal elements which promote extension of the organelle. Rather it is brought about by fragmentation of the organelle into tandem segments.Item Mycetoma of the scalp: Report of a case(Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1986) Anim, J.T.; El-Gaali, N.O.Mycetoma of the scalp in a 10-year-old boy is reported. This is the first report of this infection in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The causative agent, Actinomadura madurae, has already been described in the Kingdom and shown by other workers to affect other parts of the body. The probable pathogenesis is discussed and the need to increase clinical awareness of the condition stressed.Item Chondroblastoma of temporal bone: Unusual histologic features(Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, 1986) Anim, J.T.; Baraka, M.E.Chondroblastoma of bone only rarely affects the skull and, depending on its location, may have an uncertain prognosis. The histologic spectrum demonstrated by this tumor has been a source of diagnostic confusion, which still persists. A case of chondroblastoma of the temporal bone with unusual histologic features is presented and discussed. Chondroblastoma must be included in the differential diagnosis of bone tumors of the skull containing giant cells. Radical excision is suggested as the treatment of choice in view of unanswered questions regarding its tendency to recur or to progress to frank malignancy.Item Further studies on the pharmacokinetics of perhexiline maleate in humans(Xenobiotica, 1986) Amoah, A.G.; Gould, B.J.; Parke, D.V.; Lockhart, J.D.F.1. We have performed single-dose pharmacokinetic studies on perhexiline in eight young volunteers, each given 300 mg of Pexid orally, using an h.p.l.c. method for the separation and quantification of the drug and its monohydroxy metabolites in plasma and urine. 2. The plasma concentration of the cis-monohydroxyperhexiline (peak of 473 ± 43 ng/ml at 7.5 ± 2.0 h) was always higher than for unchanged perhexiline (peak of 112 ± 20 ng/ml at 6.5 ± 2.0 h) whereas the concentration of the transmetabolite was either low or undetectable in plasma. These findings indicate the occurrence of stereospecific pre-systemic metabolism of perhexiline which reduces the bioavailability of the parent drug. The plasma elimination half-life of perhexiline was 12.4 ± 6.1 h (range 7-23 h) while that for cis-monohydroxyperhexiline was 19.9 ± 7.7 h (range 10-29 h). 3. Not more than 0.3% of unchanged perhexiline was excreted in the urine over five days in eight subjects. Between 3 and 23% of the orally administered drug was excreted as the cis- or trans-monohydroxy metabolites, the ratio of trans to cis metabolites being 0.52 ± 0.20.Item Pattern of atherosclerosis in a Ghanaian adult population: An autopsy study(African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1987) Anim, J.T.A qualitative assessment of the degree of atherosclerotic involvement of six major arteries in 310 autopsies of Ghanaian adults revealed that atherosclerosis is less severe in Ghanaians compared to Caucasians. Atherosclerosis increases with age, more so in hypertensives, but severe lesions are not common in cerebral vessels in spite of the high mortality from haemorrhagic stroke in the adult Ghanaian. Severe atherosclerosis is, therefore, not important in the causation of cerebral haemorrhage. The small number of cerebral infarcts (six) is in keeping with the absence of severe atherosclerotic lesions in both extra cranial and intracranial large arteries. Absence of severe coronary lesions also parallels the low incidence of myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease in Ghanaians. Diabetes mellitus in combination with hypertension results in more severe atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries but the effect of diabetes mellitus alone requires further study.Item Schonlein-henoch syndrome and acute appendicitis in childhood(Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1988) Knox-Macaulay, H.; Grant, C.S.; Salem, A.; Anim, J.T.No abstract availableItem Anaerobic bacteria in chronic otitis media.(Annals of Saudi Medicine, 1988) Aziz, A.A.; Twum-Danso, K.; El-Fatih B.M.; Dawlatly, E.The bacteriology of 200 patients aged between 2 months to 80 years (mean 23 years) with chronic ear infections was studied. A total of 142 patients had otitis media with effusion, and 58 had chronic otitis media but no effusion. A total of 222 specimens were cultured. From the 142 patients with active disease, 16 specimens were taken from the mastoid antrums. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 10% of the draining ears; none occurred in the ears without effusion; and 17% of specimens from the infected mastoids grew anaerobic organisms. All of them were Bacteroides species. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates showed a 100% sensitivity of the Bacteroides isolates to metronidazole and chloramphenicol and a high level of resistance to commonly used systemic antibiotics. Fungal infection of the middle ear was found in 6.5% of the isolates.Item Morphological alterations in the nasal mucosa in heat stroke(Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 1988) Anim, J.T.; Baraka, M.E.; Al-Gamdi, S.; Sohaibani, M.O.A preliminary histomorphological examination of the nasal mucosa of 8 heatstroke patients who presented without epistaxis, showed stromal vascular damage and degenerative changes in the basal lamina of the overlying epithelium, severe enough in two cases to indicate impending epistaxis, even in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It is suggested that direct damage by the extreme heat to mucosal structures, especially the prominent, thin-walled blood vessels, plays an important role in the genesis of epistaxis in heatstroke even in the absence of DIC.Item Primary paranasal aspergillus granuloma in Saudi Arabia(Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 1988) Dawlatly, E.E.; Anim, J.T.; Sowayan, S.; El-Hassan, A.Y.No abstract available