Browsing by Author "Oliver-Commey, J."

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Clinical presentation and persistent symptoms in patients at a post-COVID-19 clinic in Ghana
(African Field Epidemiology Network, 2023) Nuamah, H.G.; Oduro-Mensah, E.; Oliver-Commey, J.
Introduction: on March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization recognized COVID-19 as a pandemic. By March 31st, 2021, the Ghana Health Service had recorded a cumulative 90,782 positive cases and 748 deaths in the country. Despite the significant resources and efforts being put into containing and treating individuals with COVID-19, there is a lack of information within sub-Saharan Africa on clinical presentations and factors associated with experiencing persistent symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: in this retrospective study, we collected data obtained from patients with COVID-19 who were discharged from the post COVID-19 clinic at the Ga East Municipal Hospital, Ghana, between April 1st, 2020, and March 31st, 2021, to assess clinical presentations and identify predictors of COVID-19 symptoms that persist beyond 14 days from the onset of the symptom.Results: of the 253 patients who experienced symptoms of COVID-19, 81 (32.0%) experienced symptoms that persisted beyond 14 days. Cough (64.0%), headache (38.7%), and chest pain (28.1%) were the most common symptoms. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms that persist beyond 14 days are 98% higher among patients who experienced chest pain compared to those who did not and 2% increased for each additional year of their age. Conclusion: patient´s age and experiencing chest pain were significant predictors of symptoms that persist beyond 14 days. The findings of our study highlight the need to continue to monitor and care for individuals with identified predictors of experiencing persistent symptoms of COVID-19.
Interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics of generic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in TB/HIV-coinfected ghanaian patients: UGT2B7*1c is associated with faster zidovudine clearance and glucuronidation
(Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009-08) Kwara, A.; Lartey, M.; Boamah, I.; Rezk, N.L.; Oliver-Commey, J.; Kenu, E.; Kashuba, A.D.M.; Court, M.H.
There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of generic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in native African populations, in whom they are commonly used. The authors characterized the pharmacokinetics of lamivudine (n = 27), zidovudine (n = 16), and stavudine (n = 11) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ tuberculosis (TB)-coinfected Ghanaians and evaluated associations between zidovudine metabolism and UDP- glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 polymorphisms. Lamivudine, zidovudine, and stavudine apparent oral clearance (CL/F) values (mean ± SD [% coefficient of variation [CV]) were 7.3 ± 2.8 (39%), 31.9 ± 33.6 (106%), and 16.4 ± 5.8 (35%) mL/min/kg, respectively, whereas half-life values were 4.2 ± 1.9 (46%), 8.1 ± 7.9 (98%), and 1.5 ± 1.0 (65%) hours, respectively. Zidovudine CL/F was 196% higher (P =.004) in UGT2B7*1c (c.735A>G) carriers versus noncarriers. This was confirmed using human liver bank samples (n = 52), which showed 48% higher (P =.020) zidovudine glucuronidation and 33% higher (P =.015) UGT2B7 protein in UGT2B7*1c carriers versus noncarriers. In conclusion, generic NRTI pharmacokinetics in HIV/TB-coinfected Ghanaians are similar to other populations, whereas the UGT2B7*1c polymorphism may explain in part relatively high interindividual variability in zidovudine clearance. © 2009 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
Invasive disease and paediatric carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Ghana
(Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010) Donkor, E.S.; Newman, M.J.; Oliver-Commey, J.; et al.
This study was carried out primarily to evaluate the public health burden related to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Ghana and to provide related preliminary molecular epidemiological data on the organism. Invasive and nasopharyngeal specimens were screened for S. pneumoniae, and isolates were subjected to serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Overall, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) was 1.7%, in blood was 0.2%, and in nasopharyngeal specimens was 15.3%. The prevalence of multiple drug resistance among the isolates was 48.6%, while the percentage resistance to various drugs was in the range of 11.1–84.0%. Serotyping of the S. pneumoniae isolates showed 7 different serotypes (3, 6B, 9, 10, 14, 16 and 23F). The extent of coverage of serotypes by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was 57.1%, for the 10-valent vaccine was 57.1%, and for the 13-valent vaccine was 71.4%. MLST of 7 housekeeping genes of the organism showed a high level of genetic diversity among the isolates. S. pneumoniae appears to be an important organism in invasive infections in Ghana, being the most prevalent organism in CSF in this study. The high multiple drug resistance of the organism observed heightens the public health burden, which may be controlled by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to a large extent.
Invasive disease and paediatric carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae in Ghana
(2010) Donkor, E.S.; Newman, M.J.; Oliver-Commey, J.; Bannerman, E.; Dayie, N.T.K.D.; Badoe, E.V.
This study was carried out primarily to evaluate the public health burden related to Streptococcus pneumoniae in Ghana and to provide related preliminary molecular epidemiological data on the organism. Invasive and nasopharyngeal specimens were screened for S. pneumoniae, and isolates were subjected to serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Overall, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.7%, in blood was 0.2%, and in nasopharyngeal specimens was 15.3%. The prevalence of multiple drug resistance among the isolates was 48.6%, while the percentage resistance to various drugs was in the range of 11.184.0%. Serotyping of the S. pneumoniae isolates showed 7 different serotypes (3, 6B, 9, 10, 14, 16 and 23F). The extent of coverage of serotypes by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was 57.1%, for the 10-valent vaccine was 57.1%, and for the 13-valent vaccine was 71.4%. MLST of 7 housekeeping genes of the organism showed a high level of genetic diversity among the isolates. S. pneumoniae appears to be an important organism in invasive infections in Ghana, being the most prevalent organism in CSF in this study. The high multiple drug resistance of the organism observed heightens the public health burden, which may be controlled by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to a large extent. © 2010 Informa UK Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz when co-administered with rifampin in TB/HIV co-infected patients: Pharmacogenetic effect of CYP2B6 variation
(Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2008-09) Kwara, A.; Lartey, M.; Sagoe, K.W.; Xexemeku, F.; Kenu, E.; Oliver-Commey, J.; Boima, V.; Sagoe, A.; Boamah, I.; Greenblatt, D.J.; Court, M.H.
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of CYP2B6 genetic variation on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of efavirenz (600 mg/d) in TB/HIV co-infected patients receiving concomitant rifampin, a potent CYP inducer. In the 26 patients studied, CYP2B6 c.516GG, GT, and TT genotype frequencies were 0.27, 0.50, and 0.23, respectively. Mean plasma efavirenz area under the curve was significantly higher in patients with CYP2B6 c.516TT than in those with GT (107 vs 27.6 μg·h/mL, P <.0001) or GG genotype (107 vs 23.0 μg· h/mL, P <.0001). Apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was significantly lower in patients with CYP2B6 c.516TT than in those with GT genotype (2.1 vs 8.4 mL/min/kg, P < 0.0001) and GG genotype (2.1 vs 9.9 mL/min/kg, P <.0001). No differences in efavirenz exposure or CL/F existed between patients with CYP2B6 c.516GT and GG genotypes. Our results indicate that CYP2B6 c.516TT genotype can be used to identify efavirenz poor metabolizers in patients co-treated with rifampin. © 2008 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.
Preparing for Ebola, the experiences of a national training team (Ghana)
(The Pan African medical journal, 2015-10) Lartey, M.; Puplampu, P.; Seneadza, N.A.; Oliver-Commey, J.; Amoah, S.; Ohene, S.-A.
Viral decay rates are similar in HIV-infected patients with and without TB coinfection during treatment with an efavirenz-based regimen
(Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2011-02) Lartey, M.; Sagoe, K.W.; Yang, H.; Kenu, E.; Xexemeku, F.; Oliver-Commey, J.; Boima, V.; Seshie, M.; Sagoe, A.; Mingle, J.A.A.; Flanigan, T.P.; Wu, H.; Kwara, A.
Viral decay rates during efavirenz-based therapy were compared between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients without tuberculosis (n = 40) and those with tuberculosis coinfection who were receiving concurrent antituberculous therapy (n = 34). Phase I and II viral decay rates were similar in the 2 groups (P >.05). Overall, concurrent antituberculous therapy did not reduce the efficacy of the HIV treatment. © The Author 2011.