Browsing by Author "Antwi, D.A."

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Adaptation to muscle injury from low stimulus non-eccentrically biased acute exercises
(Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2013-12) Frimpong, E.; Antwi, D.A.; Asare, G.; Dzudzor, B.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low stimulus non-eccentrically biased acute aerobic exercises result in adequate adaptation in skeletal muscles. Thirty healthy subjects were randomized into three groups: (a) the low stimulus down-hill treadmill exercise group (LSDTEG); the low stimulus up-hill treadmill exercise group (LSUTEG); and the low stimulus level treadmill exercise group (LSLTEG). The three groups performed acute exercises (bout 1) and a repeated exercise (bout 2). In the acute exercises, all the groups exercised at 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 min. Two weeks after the acute exercises, the subjects performed a repeated exercise bout at 80% of HRR for 45 min. Creatine kinase (CK), total white blood cells (TWBC), and perceived muscle soreness (SOR) before and 1, 24, and 48 hrs post-exercise were assessed as markers of muscle injury and adaption. The results showed that muscle injury was significantly higher in the LSDTEG than LSUTEG and LSLTEG in the acute exercises. However, there were no significant differences in mean CK, TWBC, and SOR among the groups in the repeated exercise. The extent of muscle adaptation was similar in all three exercise groups. Thus, acute exercises by sedentary individuals can be of low stimulus and non-eccentrically biased to reduce muscle injury while inducing adequate muscle adaptation.
Ageing in an Elderly Ghanaian Population. A Cross Sectional Study of Physiological Parameters, FOXO3A Genetic Variability and Oxidative Stress
(University of Ghana, 2013-07) Sodzi-Tettey, N.A.A.; Antwi, D.A.; Dzudzor, B.; University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physiology
Brief background Worldwide, the population of the elderly has tripled in the last century. Projections indicate that the global population of persons aged 60 years and over, which was 11% in 2000 will reach 22% by 2050. Ageing is a gradual process with various determinants many of which are modifiable. Functional systemic changes, together with the effect of the environment, nutrition, lifestyle and genome of a person may insidiously lead to the development of chronic age-associated diseases. Biomarkers of ageing have been found to give good indication of the extent of ageing of the human body. Aim To compare selected physiological parameters in elderly Ghanaians with chronic illness to others without chronic illness and ascertain the presence of FOXO3a genetic variations which have been associated with longevity. Methodology Elderly Ghanaians aged 50 years and over were selected by purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected physiological and anthropometric measurements were done. Blood samples were collected from participants for haematological examination and genetic studies. A questionnaire was administered to each participant to assess socioeconomic status, self-reported health status, general habits and cognitive function. The data collected was summarized in descriptive and analytical terms from which conclusions were drawn. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS An average of 76% of the population studied showed abnormalities in the following parameters: Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Body mass index, Lower-limb weakness, Eye-sight or low Haemoglobin level. Fifty percent of respondents had anemia, 30.5% had blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg and BMI showed a significant decline with age. Worsening of eyesight, (85.9%), weakening of lower limbs, (50.8%), and hearing impairment (39.1%) were the most prevalent self-reported health parameters. The percentage of females who were found to have some deteriorated cognitive function was significantly higher than males (19.6% vs. 2.8%, p=0.016, Chi-square test). The results showed a positive correlation between the Mean Arterial Pressure and SOD activity. The three FOXO3a variants studied were found to exist in the Ghanaian population. The Comet Assay demonstrated mechanical deterioration in DNA in young adults and in the elderly.
Analysis of lung function tests at a teaching hospital.
(2011-12) Antwi, D.A.; Gbekle, G.E.; Cosmos, H.K.; Ennin, I.E.; Amedonu, E.A.; Antwi-Boasiako, C.; Clottey, M.K.; Adzaku, F.K.
To report on the proportions of restrictive, obstructive and combined types of respiratory diseases in patients referred to respiratory units at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. This was a retrospective study of lung function test (LFT) data on patients who were referred from clinics both in and outside KBTH. A spirometer was used to assess various lung volume parameters. One quarter of total subjects (25.5%) had obstructive, 14.8% restrictive and 11.7% exhibited combined forms of respiratory disease. The rest showed none of the above conditions and were classified as normal. We also found differences in proportions of the disorders for subjects in different age and weight categories. Whereas obstructive respiratory disease occurred more in obese patients, and patients who were 35 years and above, restrictive and combined respiratory diseases occurred more in underweight patients, and patients below age 35 years. The respiratory diseases suggested in our study were found not to be sex-dependent. Our study indicates that obstructive lung disease was the most predominant respiratory lung ailment among patients referred to the respiratory units of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.
Arterial Stiffness in Nonhypertensive Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana
(International Journal of Endocrinology, 2016) Yeboah, K.; Antwi, D.A.; Gyan, B.
Background. Increased arterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes patients and general population. However, the contribution of diabetes to arterial stiffness is often masked by coexistent obesity and hypertension. In this study, we assessed arterial stiffness in nonhypertensive, nonobese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients in Ghana. Methods. In case-control design, 166 nonhypertensive, nonobese participants, comprising 96 T2DM patients and 70 nondiabetes controls, were recruited. Peripheral and central blood pressure (BP) indices were measured, and arterial stiffness was assessed as aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao), augmentation index (AIx), cardioankle vascular index (CAVI), and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV). Results. With similar peripheral and central BP indices, T2DM patients had higher PWVao (8.3 ï¿½ 1 versus 7.8 ï¿½ 1.3, p = 0.044) and CAVI (7.9 ï¿½ 1.2 versus 6.9 ï¿½ 0.7, p = 0.021) than nondiabetic control. AIx and haPWV were similar between T2DM and nondiabetic controls. Multiple regression models showed that, in the entire study participants, the major determinants of PWVao were diabetes status, age, gender, systolic BP, and previous smoking status (β = 0.22, 0.36, 0.48, 0.21, and 0.25, resp.; all p < 0.05); the determinants of CAVI were diabetes status, age, BMI, heart rate, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and previous smoking status (β = 0.21, 0.38, 0.2, 0.18, 0.24. 0.2, -0.19, and 0.2, resp.; all p < 0.05). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that nonhypertensive, nonobese T2DM patients have increased arterial stiffness without appreciable increase in peripheral and central pressure indices. ï¿½ 2016 Kwame Yeboah et al.
Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana
(University of Ghana, 2013-07) Yeboah, K.; Antwi, D.A.; Amoah, A.G.B.; Gyan, B.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and mortality. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) exerts it deleterious effects through the blood vessel which may lead to hypoperfusion and end organ damage. The ability to characterize the arterial system and derive related biomarkers that can predict the occurrence of CVDs and discriminate high risk subject for management would be of immense importance. Assessment of arterial stiffness and central hemodynamic indices had been shown to predict CVD events in healthy and diseased Caucasian and Asian population; few studies had been reported of the utility of arterial stiffness assessment in sub-Saharan Africa. This study measured the levels of arterial stiffness and central hemodynamic indices in Ghanaian T2DM subjects with and without hypertension, and compared to the levels in age and gender matched nondiabetes subjects with and without hypertension; in order to assess the impact of arterial stiffness in diabetes and hypertension conditions. Also, the associations of vibration perception threshold (VPT) and vascular growth factors, angiopoietin (ang)-1, ang-2 and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), to the levels of arterial stiffness were investigated. In this study, 197 individual, composed of 68 hypertensive T2DM subjects, 46 nonhypertensive T2DM, 48 nondiabetes hypertensive subjects and 35 nondiabetes normotensive subjects volunteered to participate. Anthropometric characteristic and blood pressure measurement were performed. VPT was measured with Horwell Neurothesiometer and arterial stiffness was assessed using Tensiomed Arteriograph and Vasera. Fasting blood samples were collected from all the participants and nondiabetes subjects were screened for diabetes using the oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and lipid profile were assayed whereas vascular growth factors were assayed with ELISA. The study showed that aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart-ankle (ha) PWV and aortic pressure indices were highest in hypertensive T2DM subjects, followed by nondiabetes hypertensive subjects, then the nonhypertensive T2DM subjects, and the control subjects with the lowest levels. However, cardio-ankle vascular indices (CAVI) was highest in hypertensive T2DM subjects, followed by nonhypertensive T2DM subjects, and then the nondiabetes hypertensive subject, with the control subjects having the least levels. The study also showed that female subjects had higher levels of aortic stiffness than the male counterpart, though no difference in CAVI and ha-PWV was observed. Arterial stiffness indices were found to generally increase with increasing age, duration of diabetes and body composition indices. Subjects with peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) were found to have higher levels of arterial stiffness indices than those without PSN. Of vascular growth factors, ang-2 was found to be associated with central aortic pressure and indices ang-1 was found to be associated with VPT. The findings of this study showed that diabetes and hypertension are associated with arterial stiffness in Ghanaians. Arterial stiffness is associated with impaired angiogenesis in Ghanaians. Arterial stiffness might also contribute to the development of PSN in Ghanaians.
The Association Between Glycaemic State and Spirometric Indices in Ghanaian Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(University of Ghana, 2013-12) Hayfron-Benjamin, C.; Antwi, D.A.; Amoah, A.G.B.
Background: Diabetes mellitus has been inconsistently associated with reduced level of pulmonary function. Inadequate glycemic control, a longer duration of the disease, obesity and markers of microangiopathy may be associated with decreased lung function in the Ghanaian with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. General Aim: To study pulmonary function as assessed by spirometry and factors that influence lung function in a population of Ghanaian type 2 Diabetes mellitus subjects. Methodology: One hundred and eight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and eighty non- diabetic control subjects who had no history of pulmonary disease were made to undergo spirometric testing. The body composition, glycemic control (assessed by the levels of glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood sugar), duration of diabetes, and indices of microvascular disease (neurothesiometry, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and microalbuminuria) were determined and their association with the percentage predictive values of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), FEV 1 /FVC ratio and the forced expiratory flow at 25 to 75% of vital capacity (FEF 25–75% ) were studied. Results: The diagnosis of T2DM was associated with lower than predicted levels of pulmonary function. The pattern of lung impairment was principally restrictive. Pulmonary function was negatively associated with impaired glycemic control but was not associated with duration of diabetes. Among subjects with impaired pulmonary function, the lung volumes FVC and FEV 1 positively correlated with the eGFR and negatively with the urine microalbumin levels and vibration perception threshold. Visceral body fat correlated negatively with FVC and FEV 1 . Conclusion: This study supports other larger studies that have showed that diabetes is associated with restrictive pulmonary disorder. It has also provided country relevant data on pulmonary function and related factors which might provide better insight for the management of type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Ghana.
Body composition and ankle-brachial index in Ghanaians with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in a tertiary hospital
(2016-05-13) Yeboah, K.; Puplampu, P.; Yorke, E.; Antwi, D.A.; Gyan, B.; Amoah, A.G.B.
Abstract Background Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and indices of obesity are both use to indicate cardiovascular risk. However, association between body composition indices and ABI, a measure of peripheral arterial disease, is inconsistent in various study reports. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ABI and general and central indices of obesity in Ghanaians without history of cardiovascular diseases. Method In a case–control design, ABI was measured in a total of 623 subjects and categorised into PAD (ABI ≤ 0.9, n = 261) and non-PAD (ABI > 0.9, n = 362) groups. Anthropometric indices, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were also measured. Results PAD subjects had higher mean BMI (29.8 ± 8.7 vs. 26.5 ± 7.6 kg/m2, p = 0.043) and waist circumference (95 ± 15 vs. 92 ± 24 cm, p = 0.034) than non-PAD subjects. In multivariable logistic regression models, having BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 increased the odds of both unilateral [OR (95 % CI): 2 (1.14–3.51), p < 0.01] and overall PAD [2 (1.22–3.27), p < 0.01]. Conclusion In indigenous Ghanaians in our study, PAD participants had higher BMI and waist circumference than non-PAD participants. Also, halving BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was associated with twofold increase in the odds of PAD.
Brain regulation of appetite and satiety
(2008-12) Ahima, R.S.; Antwi, D.A.
Interest in the control of feeding has increased as a result of the obesity epidemic and rising incidence of metabolic diseases. The brain detects alterations in energy stores and triggers metabolic and behavioral responses designed to maintain energy balance. Energy homeostasis is controlled mainly by neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and brainstem, whereas reward and motivation aspects of eating behavior are controlled by neurons in limbic regions and the cerebral cortex. This article provides an integrated perspective on how metabolic signals emanating from the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, and other peripheral organs target the brain to regulate feeding, energy expenditure, and hormones. The pathogenesis and treatment of obesity and abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism are discussed.
Comparative study of two Kalanchoe species: Total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant properties
(2012) Asiedu-Gyekye, I.J.; Antwi, D.A.; Bugyei, K.A.; Awortwe, C.
Determination of the vibration perception threshold (VPT) in adult non-diabetic Ghanaians using a Neurothesiometer
(2012) Djankpa, F.T.; Adzaku, F.K.; Osunuga, A.; Amoah, A.G.B.; Antwi, D.A.; Osunuga, O. A.; Amoah, S.K.
Does losartan prevent cerebral edema? A preliminary study using a vascular compartment model.
(Medical Science Monitor, 2003) Asiedu-Gyekye, I.J.; Antwi, D.A.
BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of Losartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension, on the movement of proteins and fluids across the vascular compartment in ischemic cat brains. MATERIAL/METHODS: The experiments were carried out on anesthetized cats under artificial ventilation and autohemoperfusion of the brain with a stable volume of blood with the help of a resistograph. Cerebral ischemia was induced by a 15-minute arrest of the autohemoperfusion pump, tying various anastomoses in the neck region, and reducing arterial pressure to 40-30 mm Hg by hemorrhage with subsequent reinfusion of the lost blood. RESULTS: In the postischemic period in the cat brain, control experiments showed the onset of metabolic acidosis and an increase in permeability of the brain capillaries to fluids and protein molecules. Intravenous introduction of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, at a dose of 3 mg x kg(-1) 10 minutes into the postischaemic period, enhanced the normalization of metabolic and transcapillary exchange. Thus vector permeability was reversed from blood-to-tissue in the control situation (without losartan) to tissue-to-blood during losartan administration. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide strong evidence that losartan may play a role in preventing cerebral edema, and that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in postischemic cerebrovascular events.
Effect of Natural Cocoa Powder on Apparently Healthy Ghanaians
(University of Ghana, 2013-07) Amedonu, E.; Antwi, D.A.; Asare, G.A.
Background: Natural cocoa powder (NCP) has been recognized to possess significant amounts of procyanidin flavonoids, methylxanthines, catechin and epicatechin with healthful effects. Stimulus for this work was to validate claims that NCP was a healthful product best for the aged with cardiovascular health problems and also for daily consumption for all age groups as a preventive measure. Literature review does not show any work done in healthy adult Ghanaians involving the long term supplementation of NCP as a baseline study before further research into disease areas. Several „foreign‟ studies used chocolate due to its more acceptable taste. Aim and objective: To evaluate the long term effect of NCP supplementation on selected oxidative stress makers and hematological indices in healthy adult Ghanaians. Methodology: Seventeen (12 males and 5 females) subjects selected by random sampling from the staff and students of SAHS, Korle-Bu completed the study. NCP was consumed as a beverage twice daily before meals for 12 weeks. pre- and post- supplementation blood draw, anthropometry, hematological indices and analysis with biochemical assays such as advanced glycated end-products (AGEs), vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was done Results: The mean age of the subjects was 30.8 ± 10.2 years, mean pre- skeletal muscle was 35.18 ± 10.30% and post- skeletal muscle 37.64 ± 8.90%, there was a significant increase (p = 0.031), mean pre- resting metabolism was 1475 ± 270 Kcal and the mean post- resting metabolism was 1530 ± 206 Kcal, this showed significant increase (p = 0.028). The mean pre- GSH-Px was 1.73 ± 0.18 ng/L and post- GSH-Px 1.96 ± 0.10 ng/L, there was statistically significant increase (p = 0.001). The mean pre- TWBC was 5.36 ± 1.7 x 10 9 /L and post- TWBC 6.04 ± 2.6 x 10 9 /L. There was a significant increase (p = 0.031). Mean pre- Hb was 13.48 ± 1.40 g/dl and post- Hb 13.95 ± 1.50 g/dl. There was a significant increase after the supplementation (p = 0.016). Mean pre- Hct was 31.58 ± 9.5% and post- Hct 36.01 ± 7.6%. There was significant increase after the intervention (p = 0.001). Mean WBC differentials (Monocytes (M), Eosinophils (E) & Basophils (B)) the mean pre- M was 5.76 ± 1.40% and post- M 6.51 ± 1.90%. There was a significant increase (p = 0.039). Mean pre- E was 0.97 ± 0.80% and post- E 1.45 ± 1.20%. There was a significant increase after the supplementation (p = 0.005). Mean pre- B was 0.33 ± 0.30% and post- B% 0.46 ± 0.30% which showed significant increase (p = 0.006) respectively. Mean pre- MDA was 0.69 ± 0.10 ng/L and post- MDA 0.64 ± 0.10 ng/L, there was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.033). Mean overall weight pre- was 66.86 ± 10.61 kg and post-supplementation was 65.19 ± 10.45 kg, showing significant decrease (p = 0.009). Mean pre- BMI was 23.01 ± 3.8 kg/m 2 was higher than the mean post- BMI 22.96 ± 3.5 kg/m 2 showing a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.006). Mean pre- SBP was 124.53 ± 11.30 mmHg and post- SBP 121.12 ± 9.10 mmHg. There was a significant decrease (p = 0.001). The mean pre- DBP was 80.12 ± 9.60 mmHg and post- DBP 78.24 ± 9.10 mmHg, there was significant decrease after the 12 weeks supplementation (p = 0.003). Mean pre- MCH was 33.48 ± 12.8 pg and post- MCH 31.42 ± 3.8 pg, there was a significant decrease (p = 0.001). Mean pre- MCHC was 47.66 ± 16.70 g/dl and post- MCHC 40.38 ± 9.60 g/dl. There was a significant decrease after the supplementation (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Long term supplementation with NCP caused significant changes in the anthropometric, hematological indices and biochemical markers. Furthermore, this was accompanied by significant increase in antioxidant levels. Natural cocoa powder therefore reduced oxidative stress and improved the biochemical markers and hematological indices. The long term daily consumption is therefore recommended.
Effects of acute eccentric exercise stimulus on muscle injury and adaptation
(Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2013) Frimpong, E.; Antwi, D.A.; Asare, G.; Antwi-Boasiako, C.; Dzudzor, B.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the stimulus of acute eccentric aerobic exercise that would elicit minimal muscle injury but adequate to induce muscle tissue adaptation. Twenty healthy subjects were randomized into two groups: (a) the low stimulus eccentric exercise group (LSEEG); and (b) the high stimulus eccentric exercise group (HSEEG). Both groups performed acute exercise (bout 1) and a repeated exercise (bout 2). In the acute bout, the LSEEG exercised at 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 min while the HSEEG exercised at 70% of HRR for 40 min on a treadmill declined at a gradient of 15°. Two weeks after the acute exercise for both groups, the subjects performed a repeated exercise bout at 80% of HRR for 40 min. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total white blood cells (TWBC), and perceived muscle soreness (SOR) before and 1, 24, and 48 hrs post-exercise were assessed as markers of muscle injury and adaption. The results showed that muscle injury was significantly higher in the HSEEG than in the LSEEG in the acute exercises. However, both exercise groups developed similar muscle adaptations with no significant differences in attenuations in CK, LDH, and SOR in the repeated bout. Exercise at 50% of HRR for 30 min may be a threshold stimulus for acute eccentric aerobic exercise.
Metabolic Syndrome in Acute Stroke Survivors at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
(University of Ghana, 2015-07) Ababio, E.; Antwi, D.A.; Antwi-Boasiako, C.; University of Ghana, College of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology
Background: The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. The indicators of MetS that predispose individuals to stroke still persist after stroke. There is insufficient information on MetS in acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke survivors at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Aim: This study assessed metabolic syndrome in acute stroke survivors at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Method: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients at the Medical ward, Stroke unit and Polyclinic of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) between October 2014 and April 2015. A total of 150 (73 males and 77 females) stroke survivors comprising 102 (68%) ischaemic stroke survivors and 48 (32%) haemorrhagic stroke survivors were sampled for the study. The National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criterion was used for defining MetS. Results: The incidence of MetS among the study population was 60% using the NCEP ATP III criteria. Out of the 60% with MetS, the prevalence was significantly higher in ischaemic stroke patients compared to haemorrhagic stroke patients (43.3% vs 16.7%; p=0.0185). The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in Ischaemic patients than Haemorrhagic stroke survivors (68% vs 32%; p=0.0005). The prevalence of MetS was higher in female stroke survivors compared to male stroke survivors but was not statistically significant (34.7% vs 25.3%; p=0.3398). The frequency of MetS was significantly higher in the age group of 50-60 years compared to others (p<0.05). High blood glucose, high blood pressure and high waist circumference (obesity) were the most prevalent MetS components (64%, 61% and58%) respectively. There were significant associations between high fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure and waist circumference with stroke (p=0.003, p=0.03, and p=0.02) respectively. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is high in acute stroke patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. There is high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in ischaemic stroke than haemorrhagic stroke. Female stroke patients have higher frequency of metabolic syndrome than males. Regular monitoring and treatment of components of metabolic syndrome should be considered a standard medical and rehabilitation care for stroke survivors.
Micro-and Macroelemental Composition and Safety Evaluation of the Nutraceutical Moringa oleifera Leaves
(Journal of Toxicology, 2014-06) Asiedu-Gyekye, I.J.; Frimpong-Manso, S.; Awortwe, C.; Antwi, D.A.; Nyarko, A.K.
Moringa oleifera is a multipurpose plant used in Ghana and most parts of Africa. Its high mineral, protein, and vitamins content has enabled its use as a nutraceutical and panacea for various diseases. This study aimed at measuring the micro-and macroelements content of dried Moringa oleifera leaves using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic (EDXRF) and assessing its toxicological effect in rats. Acute toxicity (5000 mg/kg) and a subacute toxicity studies of the leaf (40 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg) extract were conducted in rats. Blood samples were assessed for biochemical and haematological parameters. Results showed significant levels of thirty-five (35) elements (14 macroelements and 21 microelements) in M. oleifera extract. There were no observed overt adverse reactions in the acute and subacute studies. Although there were observed elevations in liver enzymes ALT and ALP (P<0.001) and lower creatinine levels in the extract treated groups, no adverse histopathological findings were found. Moringa oleifera dried leaf extract may, therefore, be reasonably safe for consumption. However, the consumption of Moringa oleifera leaves should not exceed a maximum of 70 grams per day to prevent cumulative toxicity of these essential elements over long periods. © 2014 I. J. Asiedu-Gyekye et al.
Nitric oxide dysregulation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia among Ghanaian women
(Dove Press Journal: Integrated Blood Pressure Control, 2015-02-19) Adu-Bonsaffoh, K.; Antwi, D.A.; Amenyi, S.O.; Gyan, B.
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is still a disease of theories as the exact cause remains uncertain. Widespread vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is thought to mediate the generalized vasospasm and hypertension characteristic of PE. Altered nitric oxide (NO) production has been associated with the endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PE but conflicting results have emerged from previous studies. Objectives: To determine maternal serum levels of NO, a biomarker of endothelial function, in nonpregnant, normal pregnant, and preeclamptic women. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional case–control study of 277 women comprising 75 nonpregnant, 102 normal pregnant, and 100 preeclamptic women conducted at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between April and June 2011. About 5 mL of venous blood was obtained from the participants for the various investigations after meeting the inclusion criteria and signing to a written consent. Serum levels of NO were determined by Griess reaction. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results: The study showed significantly elevated serum levels of NO in preeclamptic women (82.45±50.31 μM) compared with normal pregnant (33.12±17.81 μM) and nonpregnant (16.92±11.41 μM) women with P,0.001. The alteration in maternal serum NO levels was significantly more profound in early-onset (severe) PE (119.63±45.860 μM) compared to that of late-onset (mild) disease (62.44±40.44 μM) with P0.001, indicating a more severe vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in the early-onset disease. Conclusion: This study has determined a profound NO upregulation in PE evidenced by significant elevation of NO metabolite levels compared to normal pregnancy. This might be due to deranged endothelial function with dysregulated production of NO to restore the persistent hypertension characteristic of PE.
Peripheral sensory neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: A case control study in Accra, Ghana
(Journal of Clinical and Translational Endocrinology, 2016-09) Yeboah, K.; Puplampu, P.; Boima, V.; Antwi, D.A.; Gyan, B.; Amoah, A.G.B.
Objective Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) is a common cause of ulceration and amputation in diabetes (DM) patients. The prevalence of PSN in DM patients is largely undetermined in sub-Saharan African population. We studied the burden of PSN in DM patients using a validated questionnaire and quantitative sensory test. Methods In a case-control design, PSN was measured in 491 DM patients and 330 non-DM controls using Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) and vibration perception threshold (VPT). PSN was defined as MNSI symptom score ≥7, MNSI examination score ≥2 or VPT ≥25V. Results The prevalence of PSN screened by MNSI symptom score, MNSI examination score and VPT was 7.1%, 51.5% and 24.5% in DM patients; and 1.5%, 24.5% and 8.5% in non-DM participants respectively. The major determinants of PSN screened by MNSI examination score were diabetes status [OR (95% CI): 4.31 (2.94–6.31), p < 0.001], age [1.03 (1.01–1.05), p < 0.001], previous [4.55 (2.11–9.82), p < 0.001] and current [8.16 (3.77–17.68), p < 0.001] smoking status. The major determinants of PSN screened by VPT were diabetes status [1.04 (1.02–1.06), p < 0.001], age [1.02 (1.01–1.03), p = 0.047], heart rate [1.78 (1.08–2.92), p = 0.023], second-hand smoking [3.66 (2.26–5.95), p < 0.001] and body height [3.28 (1.65–8.42), p = 0.015]. Conclusion Our study has shown high burden of PSN in DM patients in Ghana using simple, accurate, and non-invasive screening tools like MNSI and neurothesiometer. © 2016
Short-term administration of an aqueous extract of kalanchoe integra var. crenata (Andr.) Cuf leaves produces no major organ damage in Sprague-Dawley rats
(Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014) Asiedu-Gyekye, I.J.; Antwi, D.A.; Awortwe, C.; N'Guessan, B.B.; Nyarko, A.K.
Ethnopharmacological relevance Kalanchoe intergra (Ki) leaf extract is an orally administered multipurpose plant medicine in Ghana and other parts of the world for the treatment of ulcers, pain and adenoma of the prostate gland. There is paucity of information concerning its short-term usage. The present study is aimed at conducting histopathological and biochemical studies in a 14-day sub-acute toxicity studies using female Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and methods Crude extract of Ki leaves was prepared and freeze-dried. A 14-day sub-acute toxicity studies was conducted using 2 week old nulliparous and non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150 g). Reconstituted Ki was administered at a dosage of 900 mg kg-1 (high dose), 300 mg kg -1 with a control group receiving an equivalent volume of distilled water (as vehicle) by gastric lavage. Histopathological studies of major organs and blood chemistry analysis were performed on blood obtained via cardiac puncture into EDTA tubes after euthanisation. Results There was a significant decrease in urea (p<0.016) and creatinine levels (p<0.001) in both the high and low dose groups. There was an increase in ALP levels (P=0.01) in both the high and low dose groups. ALT and AST rather decreased significantly in both the high and low dose groups (p<0.0001). Histopathological results did not show any abnormalities in all the H&E stained paraffin sections. Thus the photomicrographs of the liver, kidney and heart were within histopathological limits. Conclusion Ki leaf extract is non-toxic when administered by the oral route over a time period of 14 days at the above doses. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Sickle Cell Disease: Reappraisal of the Role of Foetal Haemoglobin Levels in the Frequency of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
(Ghana Medical Journal, 2015-06) Antwi-Boasiako, C.; Frimpong, E.; Ababio, G.K.; Dzudzor, B.; Ekem, I.; Gyan, B.; Sodzi-Tettey, N.A.; Antwi, D.A.
Background: Foetal haemoglobin has been implicated in the modulation of sickle cell crisis. Its level is generally inversely proportional to the severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) for a given sickle cell phenotypes. The main aim of therapy for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), which is the hallmark of SCD, is to reduce the chances of sickling through the prevention of polymerization of HbS. One way of preventing this polymerization is by increasing foetal haemoglobin levels. Objectives: To determine the relationship between HbF levels and the frequency of crisis in SCD patients in Ghana. Method: A longitudinal retrospective survey covering a period of 30 months was carried out on adult SCD patients at the Sickle Cell Clinic of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Results: Eighty-three adults aged 15 to 65 years made up of 40 males and 43 femalea were studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) gave significant results in Hb and HbF levels. Higher HbF levels were positively related to less frequent crisis and were significantly high in SCD patients than in controls. HbF effects on the clinical manifestations on SCD were variable. Conclusion: Threshold values of HbF play a role in reducing the frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis in SCD patients and this finding contributes to the body of available literature on SCD severity. However our work does not give the apparent threshold level of helpful HBF Level in SCD.
Sickle Cell Disease: Reappraisal of the Role of Foetal Haemoglobin Levels in the Frequency of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
(Ghana Medical Journal, 2015-06) Antwi-Boasiako, C.; Frimpong, E.; Ababio, G.K.; Dzudzor, B.; Ekem, I.; Gyan, B.; Sodzi-Tettey, N.A.; Antwi, D.A.
Foetal haemoglobin has been implicated in the modulation of sickle cell crisis. Its level is generally inversely proportional to the severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) for a given sickle cell phenotypes. The main aim of therapy for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), which is the hallmark of SCD, is to reduce the chances of sickling through the prevention of polymerization of HbS. One way of preventing this polymerization is by increasing foetal haemoglobin levels. To determine the relationship between HbF levels and the frequency of crisis in SCD patients in Ghana. A longitudinal retrospective survey covering a period of 30 months was carried out on adult SCD patients at the Sickle Cell Clinic of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Eighty-three adults aged 15 to 65 years made up of 40 males and 43 femalea were studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) gave significant results in Hb and HbF levels. Higher HbF levels were positively related to less frequent crisis and were significantly high in SCD patients than in controls. HbF effects on the clinical manifestations on SCD were variable. Threshold values of HbF play a role in reducing the frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis in SCD patients and this finding contributes to the body of available literature on SCD severity. However our work does not give the apparent threshold level of helpful HBF Level in SCD. (PDF) Sickle Cell Disease: Reappraisal of the Role of Foetal Haemoglobin Levels in the Frequency of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281160890_Sickle_Cell_Disease_Reappraisal_of_the_Role_of_Foetal_Haemoglobin_Levels_in_the_Frequency_of_Vaso-Occlusive_Crisis [accessed Sep 18 2018].