Browsing by Author "Aning, A."
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Item Anti-plasmodial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants(SAGE, 2022) Appiah-Opong, R.; Agyemang, K.; Dotse, E.; Atchoglo, P.; Owusu, K.B.; Aning, A.; Sakyiamah, M.; Adegle, R.; Ayertey, F.; Appiah, A.A.; Nyarko, A.K.Malaria affects about half of the world’s population. The sub-Saharan African region is the most affected. Plant natural products have been a major source of antimalarial drugs; the first (quinine) and present (artemisinin) antimalarials are of natural product origin. Some secondary metabolites demonstrate adjuvant antioxidant effects and selective activity. The focus of this study was to investigate the anti-plasmodial activity, cytotoxicities and antioxidant properties of eight (8) Ghanaian medicinal plants. The anti-plasmodial activity was determined using the SYBR green assay and the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was employed to assess cytotoxicity of extracts to human RBCs and HL-60 cells. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu and superoxide dismutase assays. Phytochemical contstituents of the plant extracts were also assessed. All the extracts demonstrated anti-plasmodial activities at concentrations <50 μg/ml. Parkia clappertoniana and Terminalia ivorensis elicited the strongest anti-plasmodial activities with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.13 μg/ml and 0.95 μg/ml, respectively. This is the first report on anti-plasmodial activities of Baphia nitida, Tabernaemontana crassa and Treculia Africana. T. Africana showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity with IC50 value of 6.62 µg/mL. Extracts of P. clappertoniana, T. Africana and T. ivorensis (0.4 mg/mL) showed >50% antioxidant effect (SOD). The extracts were not cytotoxicity towards RBCs at the concentration tested (200 μg/ml) but were weakly cytotoxic to HL-60 cell. Selectivity indices of most of the extracts were greater than 10. Our results suggest that most of the plant extracts have strong anti-plasmodial activity and antioxidant activity which warrants further investigations.Item Anti-plasmodial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants(SAGE, 2022) Appiah-Opong, R.; Agyemang, K.; Dotse, E.; Atchoglo, P.; Owusu, K.B.; Aning, A.; Sakyiamah, M.; Adegle, R.; Ayertey, F.; Appiah, A.A.; Nyarko, A.K.Malaria affects about half of the world’s population. The sub-Saharan African region is the most affected. Plant natural products have been a major source of antimalarial drugs; the first (quinine) and present (artemisinin) antimalarials are of natural product origin. Some secondary metabolites demonstrate adjuvant antioxidant effects and selective activity. The focus of this study was to investigate the anti-plasmodial activity, cytotoxicities and antioxidant properties of eight (8) Ghanaian medicinal plants. The anti-plasmodial activity was determined using the SYBR green assay and the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was employed to assess cytotoxicity of extracts to human RBCs and HL-60 cells. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu and superoxide dismutase assays. Phytochemical contstituents of the plant extracts were also assessed. All the extracts demonstrated anti-plasmodial activities at concentrations <50 μg/ml. Parkia clappertoniana and Terminalia ivorensis elicited the strongest anti-plasmodial activities with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.13 μg/ml and 0.95 μg/ml, respectively. This is the first report on anti-plasmodial activities of Baphia nitida, Tabernaemontana crassa and Treculia Africana. T. Africana showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity with IC50 value of 6.62 μg/mL. Extracts of P. clappertoniana, T. Africana and T. ivorensis (0.4 mg/mL) showed >50% antioxidant effect (SOD). The extracts were not cytotoxicity towards RBCs at the concentration tested (200 μg/ml) but were weakly cytotoxic to HL-60 cell. Selectivity indices of most of the extracts were greater than 10. Our results suggest that most of the plant extracts have strong anti-plasmodial activity and antioxidant activity which warrants further investigations.Item Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Diarylheptanoids Isolated from the Bark of Alnus japonica in Human Leukemia Cell Lines(The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2015-08) Uto, T.; Tung, N.H.; Appiah-Opong, R.; Aning, A.; Morinaga, O.; Edoh, D.; Nyarko, A.K.; Shoyama, Y.Alnus japonica Steud is a tree that grows in damp areas of mountain valleys and has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia. We investigated the antiproliferative activity of hirsutanone (Hir) and oregonin (Ore) in human cancer cell lines and elucidated their mechanisms of action. A cytotoxicity study using a panel of 12 human cancer and 4 normal cell lines indicated that Hir exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against 4 leukemia (Jurkat, U937, THP-1, and HL-60) and 2 colon cancer cell lines (HCT-15 and Colo205). Although Ore suppressed the cell growth of Jurkat and THP-1, its inhibitory potency was weaker than that of Hir. The IC50 values of Hir and Ore in Jurkat were 11.37 μM and 22.16 μM, respectively. Further analysis on Jurkat cells demonstrated that Hir caused a sequence of events involved in apoptosis, including nuclear morphological changes and accumulation of cells with sub-G1 DNA content. Hir led to the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. In addition, Hir-induced PARP cleavage was completely abolished by specific inhibitors to these caspases. Our data suggested that Hir is a potent antiproliferative compound against the 4 leukemia cell lines and the 2 colon cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, Hir exerts antiproliferative actions via caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death.Item Effect of Swedish Bitters on Selected Rat Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Hepatic Antioxidant Levels(University of Ghana, 2019-07) Aning, A.Background: The use of herbal products has gained popularity especially in developing countries. A number of patients are known to take these herbal products concurrently with conventional drugs. Concomitant use of herbal preparations and conventional drugs may result in herb-drug interactions, often via modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, in particular, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Swedish bitters is one of such herbal preparations on the market which may be concomitantly administered with other conventional drugs because of its use as a digestif. Aims: The aims of the current study were to determine the effect of Swedish bitters on the activities of rat liver microsomal CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 enzymes, and also its effect on hepatic antioxidant levels. The effect of Swedish bitters on rat hematological and biochemical parameters was also assessed. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats 6-8 weeks old were put into 5 groups (5 rats/group). The groups consisted of a positive control (15 mg/kg/day of phenobarbital), a negative control (distilled water), and low (5 mL/kg/day), medium (10 mL/kg/day) and high (20 mL/kg/day) doses of Swedish bitters, respectively. After a 7-day administration period of the aforementioned treatments, the rats were euthanized and blood obtained by cardiac puncture. The livers were isolated, immediately placed on ice and stored at -80oC until use. Microsomal preparations were obtained from harvested livers by homogenization and differential centrifugation. The substrates of each specific CYP was added to microsomal preparations in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37oC and their metabolites measured using spectrophotometric and chromatographic assays. Effect of Swedish bitters on enzyme activity was determined based on metabolite levels. Antioxidant levels/reactions such as Glutathione (GSH), Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were evaluated in liver cytosol using standard methods. Additionally, hematological and biochemical parameters in the various groups from blood collected were determined using automated analyzers. Results: Results showed that Swedish bitters increased the activities of CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6; with CYP2C9 significantly increased (p < 0.01). The activity of CYP1A1/1A2 did not differ significantly compared to the non-treated groups. There was a marginal increase in CYP1A2 activity in treatment groups, however, this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, with antioxidant levels/reactions assayed in liver cytosol, there was a dose dependent decrease in GSH levels and increase in SOD activity, however, both were not statistically significant. Catalase activity was found to have decreased dose-dependently, with the rats that received high dose of Swedish bitters showing a significant decrease compared to the untreated group. Lipid peroxidation did not alter significantly in treated groups compared to the untreated group. For hematological and biochemical parameters, monocytes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels decreased significantly in the rats that received high doses of Swedish bitters. Conclusion: Swedish bitters increased the activity of rat CYP2C9 significantly. Swedish bitters also altered the levels of catalase enzyme activity and reduced ALP levels, significantly. Findings suggest that Swedish bitters may interact with other drugs that are metabolized by these CYPs especially when taken over longer periods.Item Extracts of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss is Cytotoxic on Human Leukemic, Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2016) Anim, M.T.; Larbie, C.; Appiah-Opong, R.; Tuffour, I.; Owusu, K.B.-A.; Aning, A.Item In Vitro Antioxidant Potential and Effect of a Glutathione-Enhancer Dietary Supplement on Selected Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity(Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018-05) N'guessan, B.B.; Amponsah, S.K.; Dugbartey, G.J.; Awuah, K.D.; Dotse, E.; Aning, A.; Kukuia, K.K.E.; Asiedu-Gyekye, I.J.; Appiah-Opong, R.Background There is considerable evidence that many people take dietary supplements including those of herbal origin as an alternative therapy to improve their health. One such supplement, with an amalgam of constituents, is CellGevity®. However, the effect of this dietary supplement on drug-metabolizing enzymes is poorly understood, as it has not been studied extensively. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CellGevity dietary supplement on selected rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, the most common drug-metabolizing enzymes. We also determined the total antioxidant potential of this dietary supplement in vitro. Methods To determine the antioxidant potential of CellGevity dietary supplement, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic, and flavonoid assays were used after initial preparation of a solution form of the supplement (low dose, LD; 4 mg/kg and high dose, HD; 8 mg/kg). Rats received oral administration of these doses of the supplement for 7 days, after which the effect of the supplement on selected liver CYP enzymes was assessed using probe substrates and spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Rats which received daily administration of 80 mg/kg of phenobarbitone and distilled water served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results The IC50 value of the supplement 0.34 ± 0.07 mg/ml compared to 0.076 ± 0.03 mg/ml of the BHT (positive control). The total phenolic content of the supplement at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml was 34.97 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g while its total flavonoid content at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml was 6 g quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g. The supplement significantly inhibited rat CYP2B1/2B2 (LDT 92.4%; HDT 100%), CYP3A4 (LDT 81.2%; HDT 71.7%), and CYP2C9 (LDT 21.7%; HDT 28.5%) while it had no significant inhibitory effect on CYPs 1A1/1A2, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6. Conclusion CellGevity dietary supplement possesses moderate antioxidant activity in vitro and has an inhibitory effect on selected rat liver CYP enzymes, suggesting its potential interaction with drugs metabolized by CYP enzymes.Item In Vivo Modulation of Rat Liver Microsomal Cytochrome P450 Activity by Antimalarial, Anti-HIV, and Antituberculosis Plant Medicines(Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 2018-11) Appiah-Opong, R.; Tuffour, I.; Ofori-Attah, E.; Aning, A.; Atchoglo, P.; Danso, E.A.; Ahedor, B.; Adjei, S.; Nyarko, A.K.Drug interactions are key reasons for adverse drug reactions and attrition from market. Major infectious diseases causing morbidity/mortality in Ghana are malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. In this study, plant medicines commonly used to treat/manage these diseases in Ghana were investigated for their potential to modulate rat cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. Fluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography–based assays were used to assess effects of antimalarial plant medicines, Fever (FEV), Mal-TF (MAL), and Kantinka terric (KT); anti-TB medicines, Chestico (CHES), CA + ST Pains + HWNT (TF), and Kantinka herbatic (KHB); and anti-HIV/AIDS medicines, Wabco (WAB), AD + T/AD (LIV) and Kantinka BA (KBA) on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. Effects of medicines on rat biochemical and hematological parameters were also assessed. Generally, the medicines altered microsomal CYP1A1/1A2, CYP2B1/2B2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 activities. Only KBA elicited an increase (80%) in CYP1A1/1A2 activity. FEV, MAL, CHES, WAB, and LIV strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. All the medicines significantly inhibited CYP2C9 (24%-80%) activity. CYP2D6 activity increased after treatment with MAL, KBA, LIV, and TF. Also, MAL, WAB, LIV, KHB, and CHES increased CYP2B1/2B2 activity, while KT decrease the activity. Generally, the medicines altered liver function in the rats. Cholesterol levels declined after KBA treatment only. White and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly reduced in KT- and KBA-treated rats. Our results suggest that use of the medicines could have implications for drug interactions and safety, particularly if the medicines are administered over prolonged periods. Further investigations are imperative to establish clinical relevance of these results.