Browsing by Author "Acquaye, K.S."

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    Common Mental Disorders among Chronic Kidney Disease Out-Patients at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
    (University of Ghana, 2019-07) Acquaye, K.S.
    Background: The association between chronic conditions such as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and common mental disorders (CMD) or psychological distress has been well established in studies all over the world. This is however expected to be moderated given the presence of social support both from literature and practice. General Objective: The study aimed at determining the prevalence of CMD, identifying factors associated with increased levels of psychological distress, and determining the role of perceived social support in CKD outpatients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. Methods: The design of the study was cross-sectional and employed quantitative data and statistical methods. The study site was the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, specifically the out-patient department and the renal unit of the medical block. A sample of 349 CKD outpatients, upon giving consent, was consecutively recruited into the study in June, 2019. The Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) and the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support scale were used to assess participants, including socio-demographic information and clinical data. Results: Using the Kessler (K10) scale, the prevalence of CMD is 67.91%. Again, it is expected that 25% of all patients seen within primary care will score above 20 on the K10, signifying presence of CMD. The proportion of respondents scoring 20 and over from the current study is far greater than this proposed proportion (z= 19.28, p<0.0001). The main predictors of CMD among CKD were Estimated Glomerular Filtrate Rate (eGFR) categories and whether or not an individual was on dialysis, with increased odds of CMD with respect to eGFR decline [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.998 (95% CI: 0.980 , 1.016), p< 0.01)] and CMD being more prevalent among patients on dialysis [Adjusted OR = 3.82 (95% CI: 1.29 , 11.32), p= 0.016)]. Discussion: There was a high prevalence of CMD among CKD outpatients. CMD or psychological distress, also declined with decrease in renal function. For outpatients on dialysis, dialysis was a major source of psychological distress. Perceived social support did not significantly affect the relationship between either renal function or dialysis status and psychological distress. Conclusion: CKD outpatients continue to be at an increased risk of major psychological ill-health as their kidney function further deteriorates. Further studies need to be done to explore issues concerning adjustment and resilience, in addition to the external social support that has been discussed as important in chronic disease management.
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    Comparison of neurocognitive changes among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with and without dysglycaemia
    (BMC Psychiatry, 2020-04-03) Yorke, E.; Boima, V.; Dey, I.D.; Ganu, D.; Nkornu, N.; Acquaye, K.S.; Mate-Kole, C.C.
    Background: Diabetes often occurs together with tuberculosis (TB) and both may affect each other negatively. Diabetes may be associated with neurocognitive dysfunctioning in affected patients and may negatively impact treatment adherence and outcomes. This study compared the neurocognitive status between newly diagnosed smear positive tuberculosis patients with dysglycaemia and those with normoglycaemia. Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study involving one hundred and forty-six (146) newly diagnosed smear positive TB patients. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and the results were categorized as either normoglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes. Neurocognitive functioning among study participants was assessed at the time of TB diagnosis using Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool (MoCA), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Spitzer Quality of Life Index (QLI). Results: The mean age of the participants (n = 146) was 38.7 years with 78.8% being males and 21.2% females. Using the fasting blood glucose test, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes were 5.5 and 3.4% respectively, both representing a total of 13 out of the 146 participants; whilst the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes using 2-h post-glucose values were 28.8 and 11.6% respectively, both representing a total of 59 out of the 146 participants. There were no significant differences in the mean scores on the neurocognitive measures between the dysglaycaemia and normoglycamic groups using fasting plasma glucose (FPG). However, there were significant differences in the mean scores between the dysglycaemia and normal groups using 2-h postprandial (2HPP) glucose values on Phobic Anxiety (Normal, Mean = 0.38 ± 0.603; dysglycaemia, Mean = 0.23 ± 0.356; p = 0.045), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (17.26 ± 5.981 vs. 15.04 ± 5.834, p = 0.037). Conclusion: Newly diagnosed smear positive patients with dysglycaemia were associated with significantly lower mean cognitive scores and scores on phobic anxiety than those with normoglyacaemia. The latter finding must be further explored.