Abstract:
Introduction: anaemia in pregnancy remains a critical public health concern in many African settings; but its determinants are not clear. The
purpose of this study was to assess anaemia at antenatal care initiation and associated factors among pregnant women in a local district of Ghana.
Methods: a facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 378 pregnant women attending antenatal care at two health facilities
were surveyed. Data on haemoglobin level, helminths and malaria infection status at first antenatal care registration were extracted from antenatal
records booklets of each pregnant women. Questionnaires were then used to collect data on socio-demographic and dietary variables. Binary and
multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to assess factors associated with anaemia. Results: the prevalence of anaemia was 56%, with
mild anaemia being the highest form (31.0%). Anaemia prevalence was highest (73.2%) among respondents aged 15-19 years. Factors that
significantly independently reduced the odds of anaemia in pregnancy after controlling for potential confounders were early (within first trimester)
antenatal care initiation (AOR=5.01; 95% CI =1.41-17.76; p=0.013) and consumption of egg three or more times in a week (AOR=0.30; 95%
CI=0.15-0.81; P=0.014). Conclusion: health facility and community-based preconception and conception care interventions must not only aim to
educate women and community members about the importance of early ANC initiation, balanced diet, protein and iron-rich foods sources that may
reduce anaemia, but must also engage community leaders and men to address food taboos and cultural prohibitions that negatively affect pregnant
woman.
