Abstract:
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Majority of people living in Ghana and many other developing countries rely on
traditional medicinal plants for their primary healthcare. These plants are used either alone or in combination to
manage a wide range of ailments. However, most of these plants have not been investigated for their mutagenic
effects.
Aim of the study: This study, therefore aimed at evaluating the mutagenic activity of the most frequently used
medicinal plants amongst Ghanaians living within the Accra metropolis, Ghana.
Materials and methods: Validated questionnaires were administered to 53 herbalists and herbal medicines dealers
in the Makola, Madina and Nima communities. Plants that were identified as being frequently used were investigated
for their mutagenicity using the Ames test.
Results: A total of 110 medicinal plants belonging to 53 families were identified as most frequently used plants in
the study sites. These are used to treat various ailments including gastric ulcer, fever, malaria, male impotence,
diabetes, typhoid, high blood pressure and candidiasis. Thirteen samples (52%) showed moderate to high mutagenicity
in the TA 100 bacterial strain before and after metabolism with rat liver enzyme.
Conclusions: The study showed that over half of the frequently used medicinal plants showed moderate to high
mutagenicity before and after metabolism at the concentration of a 100 μg/mL. This may have implications for
the safety of those who use them to manage diseases. These findings will suggest the need for an in-depth study
of the mutagenic potentials of plants commonly used by indigenous people and more especially for those exhibiting
high mutagenicity in this study.
