Abstract:
The field of implementation research (IR) is growing.
However, there are no recognised IR core competencies
in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), nor consistent
curriculum across IR training programs globally. The
goal of this effort is to develop a framework of IR core
competencies for training programs in LMICs. The
framework was developed using a mixed-methods
approach consisting of two online surveys with IR training
coordinators (n = 16) and academics (n = 89) affiliated
with seven LMIC institutions, and a modified-Delphi
process to evaluate the domains, competencies and
proficiency levels included in the framework. The final
framework comprised of 11 domains, 59 competencies
and 52 sub-competencies, and emphasised competencies
for modifying contexts, strengthening health systems,
addressing ethical concerns, engaging stakeholders and
communication especially for LMIC settings, in addition to
competencies on IR theories, methods and designs. The
framework highlights the interconnectedness of domains
and competencies for IR and practice, and training in IR
following the outlined competencies is not a linear process
but circular and iterative, and starting points for training
may vary widely by the project, institution and challenge
being addressed. The framework established the need
for a theory-based approach to identifying proficiency
levels for IR competencies (ie, to determine proficiency
levels for IR based on generalisable educational theories
for competency-based education), and the relevance of
various IR competencies for LMICs compared with highincome
settings. This framework is useful for identifying
and evaluating competencies and trainings, and providing
direction and support for professional development in IR.
